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Exercise aim
Knowledge acquire of the preparation of equivalent parameters of lines, cables and
transformers for load flow circuit analysis
Exercise description
Theoretical background is given in lecture no 6,7.
Network configuration is determined as follows:.
breaker W1 is switched on (closed)
breaker W2 is switched off to isolate generator from the station R-2 110/10 kV,
breaker W3 is switched off to isolate generator from the R-3 110/10 kV,
All equivalent parameters of generator, motors, transformers and lines should be individually
calculated.
Exercise proceedings
1. Scheme of power system. (see eps_scheme.pdf)
2. Numbering the nodes of power system. Number 1 is reserved for slack bus. Then should go
numbers of generator nodes.
3. Base power Sb = 100 MVA.
4. Calculated equivalent parameters of line and transformer in per unit. (see Example below)
5. Calculate generation and load at buses in per unit.
6. Calculate the step of transformer ratio and its maximal and minimal values.
7. Create the input data file. (see srmdat.pdf)
Report
Relevant schemes and equivalent parameters should given in report.
Example
1
110 kV 110
10kV 3 10
2 15
(1+j0.3)MVA
G
13 6
KSP
4
5 12 11
(1.3+j0.39)MVA
(1.2+j0.36)MVA
Base impedance for Sb = 100 MVA depends of the nominal bus voltage at a given
bus. For example for 10 kV we have
U2 U2 10 2
Z b = b = NLS = = 1
Sb Sb 100
From To UN R X B R X B
nr nr kV S pu pu pu
13 10 10 0.264 0.136 160 0.264 0.136 0.000160
13 12 10 0.272 0.17 200 0.272 0.17 0.000200
10 11 10 0.038 1.136 46.0 0.038 1.136 0.000046
11 12 10 kV 0.038 0.024 18.0 0.038 0.024 0.000018
10 15 10 kV 0.004 0.002 9.4 0.004 0.002 0.0000094
110 kV R+jX 22 kV
D
G
G/2+jB/2 G/2+jB/2
function [wezly,galezie,Sbase]=esrmdat
%
Sbase = 100; % base power MVA
% bus data
wezly=[
% No. 1 = slack bus
% No.2, 3, ..., nPU = generator buses
% No. nPU+1,...,n = load buses
% Pd(+) - active load at bus, Pd(-) - active injection at bus
% Qd(+) - reactive load at bus, Qd(-) - reactive injection at bus
% Pg(+) - active generation at bus, Pg(-) - active consumption at bus
% Qg(+) - reactive generartion at bus, Qg(-) - reactive consumption at bus
% Psh(+) - active shunt
% Qsh(+) - reactive shunt (capacitive), Qsh(-) - inductive
%bus name type Un_kV Um Uk_st Pd Qd Pg Qg Psh Qsh
% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 110 3 110.00 1.00000 0.0 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000
2 15 1 10.00 1.00000 0.0 0.00000 0.00000 0.08 0.00 0.0000 0.0000
3 10 1 10.00 1.00000 0.0 0.01000 0.00300 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000
4 11 1 10.00 1.00000 0.0 0.01200 0.00360 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000
5 12 1 10.00 1.00000 0.0 0.01300 0.00390 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000
6 13 1 10.00 1.00000 0.0 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000 0.0000
];
% branch data
galezie=[
% Bus No. 1 must be alwyas from bus
% Transformer ratio tn=Uwpn/Uwkn - Uwpn - bus from., Uwkn - bus to
% Ratio trpu = tr/tn is in per unit
% Ratio angle must be in gradius
% Line susceptance is positive (+), transformer susceptance is negative (-)
% Smax - thermal loading in pu
% STATUS : status on =1, statusoff = 0
% dtr - ratio step
% name_from name_t No_from N0_to R X G B Smax tm tk_st tmin
tmax dtr st
% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15
110 10 1 3 0.01550 0.33239 0.0002727 -0.0016529 0.40000 1.00 0.0
0.79804 1.10200 0.012660 1
10 11 3 4 0.03800 1.13600 0.0000000 0.0000460 0.05000 0.000 0.0
0.00000 0.00000 0.0 1
11 12 4 5 0.03800 0.0240 0.0000000 0.0000180 0.05000 0.000 0.0
0.00000 0.00000 0.0 0
13 10 6 3 0.26400 0.13600 0.0000000 0.0001600 0.05000 0.000 0.0
0.00000 0.00000 0.0 1
13 12 6 5 0.27200 0.17000 0.0000000 0.0002000 0.05000 0.000 0.0
0.00000 0.00000 0.0 1
15 10 2 3 0.00400 0.00200 0.0000000 0.0000094 0.12000 0.000 0.0
0.00000 0.00000 0.0 1
];
%
return;
============