Sie sind auf Seite 1von 174

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K J
K J
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J W
KEFJ
KJ
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J W
K J
K J

--
EF

ACE FOscillator
E F
K

Non suicidal Sinusoidal Wav


Triangular Wave SquareWave
Multi Vibrators

Amplifier
KPositive Feed Back

J W
EICFJ
KEFResonance CircuitJ
K Positive Feed Back KJ


W
(Op AmpF
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W
EIntegratorF

--
EF

Oscillator J
AC

Positive Feed BackEFJ


K

Multi vibratorJ
K

Resonance CircuitJ
RLC
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Operational AmplifierEFJ
Analog ICOp.Amp
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Time PeriodT
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Frequency J
ELFHZ

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Sinusoidal OscillatorsJ

J J

Electrical Noise

K
EJ F


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EF

EJ F
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KACDC

J WJ J J
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WRC J

Low Frequency
RC Phase Shift Oscillator
WLC J

Hartley OscillatorKHigh Frequency
Crystal OscillatorColpittso Oscillator
--
EF

Wien Bridge OscillatorJ J


J J J

J FKRC
op.AmpE
R1 C1


+
-
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C2

R2 RF

RE


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--
EF

J J J
K EJ F
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KNon ClippingJ
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vimvomJ
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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
KRFJ

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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKELFJ

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EF

Colpits OscillatorJ J
KJ J J
LC
K
EFEJ F
LC1,C2



C1

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C2


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1
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C1 .C 2
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EF

KJ J J
EJ F
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C1 .C 2
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K J
T = .........................Sec
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KE1F O E5FJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

















--
EF

Square andTriangular Wave OscillatorJ J


Multi VibratorsJ J
Non sinusoidal Wave
KEF


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Triangular wave Square wave


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Saw tooth Wave Rectangular Wave
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SweepSignal
KTrigger
EOP- AmpF
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Relaxation Oscillator
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E)A Stable Multi VibratorEFJ
FBi Stable Multi VibratorEFJ
EFlip Flop
Mono Stable Multi Vibrator EFJ
--
EF

J J

FOP.Amp
EJ FE
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(-)
--
EF

Triangular Wave

Integrator
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EJ F
KEJ F
C2
vc vcc

R
vin -
VO
+

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( )

vin



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vo


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Vin p p
VOP P =
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Input OffsetC
KR

--
EF

J J

EJ F
K
K
K
100 k

10 k
+15v
+15v
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VC 2- 7
6 Vo1 12 k
2-
7
3 741c
741c 6 Vo2
+
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4 +
-15v 10 k
4

C1
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0.022 10 k

EJ F

0.5W100K12K10K
0.1F0.022F
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15v

J J J
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0.455
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RC
EJ F
15vJ
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EJ FVO1P-P
--
EF

KJ
T = .............. sec

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EJ F

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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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KEJ F

W
WJ
EF J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKvcvo1 J
J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
vo1p-pVCCJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

J J J
C2= 0.022J J
K J1J
VO2 J
EJ FVO2P-P

C1(f) Vo2 p-p


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0.1F
EJ F

--
EF

VO1J
KVO2
Vo1




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Vo2



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C2= 0.1F
C2J
KEJ F
C2 J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
K VCCJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

--
EF

Summery

ACOscillator J
K
J

J

Multi J
Vibrators
LC J
KRC
J
KRCEFJ
J

E
FJ
EF

KJ
VCCJ
K
KJ

--
EF


J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ J J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ

J
EFLCJ
EFJ

EFEFJ
KLCJ
J

100s/cmTime/cm J
EJ F4cm
J





4 cm T(ms)
(-)

C1=C2=CR1=R2=R=2.2KJ
10KHZ

--
EF

K
J
J RCJ J

J
J J

J
J CJ
J
T = 4 100 sec = 400 sec
1 1
f = = = 2500 H = 2 . 5 KHZ
400 10 6
Z
T

J
1
=
2RC
1 1
C= = 7.234nF
2FR 2 10 10 3 2.2 10 3

--
EF


J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
J
EF J
EF J

EF
ERCLCFJ

EJ FJ
C1=0.1f

R1=1k

+ 15 v

3 7
Vi +
2
6
VO
-
C2
4

0.1f -15 v
R2
1k
RF= 1k
RE
270


EF
K J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
10KHZC J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
R1,R2 J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
--
EF

10KR1 J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEJ F
Clipping J
EJ F




(-)
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
FVOEFV1 J
E
LE10MHZF J
K J
EFKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
J

--
EF

W

WJ

K
LM380EJ F
K
+9 V
10 nf 68 k

100 K
1.8 1
100 F 2
8
100
LM 380 f
1.2 M 6 7 4
11

10 F L.S
BC 109


(-)

J
EJ F
K
RelayLED
9V
K220V220 V
+9V
100 K 4.7 K 260


2.8 K 2.8 K
LED LED

47 F 47 F

BC 107 BC 107

(-)
--
EF

EJ F



+

L.S 15
0.1 F
2N 2926

9V
47 K
47 K
2N 3702

2N 3702
-

(-)

Q1,Q2
Q1
KKQ2
KEFW

--
EF


J
xz

ECFEF
K



K J
J

K J
K J
K J

--
EF

J
xz

LLW KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
WWW
KW


K J
J
K
J
K
K J
K J



KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

--
EF


KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

--

< ]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

EF


EF

W
Amplitude & Frequency Modulation J
AM DemodulationEF
W
BJTAM J
AM
J
KFM
AM,FM J
AMFMEF J
EF
KEF

J W


W

J
J
J

W
J
J

--
EF


Modulation &DemodulationEF
K


W
K
EJ F


Transmitte

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Receiver





EJ F


Modulation
E F
K



EF
K
--
EF


J WEF
EF J
EFModulation J
EKKKKKKWF J
EFDemodulationEF J
KF J
EF

EF
KEF

3000GHZ

K
KModulate
AM
9.83.9FE1602 531F
9076FFME
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J W
EAMFAmplitude Modulation J
EFMFFrequency Modulation J
EPMFPhase Modulation J
K
Demodulation

K

--
EF

FMAM
KAMEF

--
EF

J W
ModulationEF J
F
E
Detection orDemodulationEF J
E F
K
Carrier Wave J
EF
RF

Modulated WaveJ
EF
K
ModulationWave J
KEKKKKKKKKKF
AM Amplitude ModulationJ
EAMF
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FMFrequency Modulation J
EFMF
K
Modulation index AMJ
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FMEFmJ

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fs
--
EF

Voltage Control OscillatorJ


LCVCO
VaractorJ
PN
K
Antenna J

--
EF

ModulationJ


E
F
K

TransmitterEJ F
KModulator







Modulator
Audio signal Audio Amp. R.F Amp


EJ F
J
EF

KEF

E20HZ-20KHZF

EAttenuatedF
7
L L = 7.540 = ....m F
F
E

--
EF

Amplitude modulationJ J

EF
EJ F
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Modulating wave


Carrier wave ()


Modulated wave AM

(-)
EFEJ F

vcc


R1 Rc RL
C2
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Q AM
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R2 RE CE
Vy



EJ F

--
EF

CECarrier signalVx
A EVXF
KA*VX

EFVY
AVRE


K m 1

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a
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--
EF

J J J
BJTAMEJ F
K










(-)

K
0.5w 1 k 25kJ 10kW
0.001f 0.1fW
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J J J
K+15V J
RFJ 200HZJ
KEJ F500KHZ
E1ms/cmFJ

KJ
--
EF

VORF J
VOP P 0.3V
J
KAM
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EF

Frequency Modulation FM J J
FM
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FMmEF
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( -)

--
EF

Varactor ( FM modulator FFM


K

LC
VCB
K

WFM J J J
KBJTFMEJ F
LC
vcc

TP2
15 k
560
10P
15P
10 k 22f
TP1
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0.001F

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(-)



10L WL
K1mm6 mm


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J J J 12VW

--
EF

J J J
12v J
1KHz J
EJ F
J
KTP2
TP2
J
K
1KHZ J
TP110V1V

TP2 FM J

K
EJ F J

VP-P

max min
FM

--
EF

DemodulationEFJ

FMAM
EF
EF EF
K

Receiver EJ F
KEF





demodulator L.S
R.F Amp AUDIO AMP.

EJ F

EF
KAM

EAMFJ J

KAM

KEFDetectorEJ F

D 2
vin
vo
1
3
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Re

( -)

--
EF

AM Envelope Detector
(2)D
CJ
K
RC
K

--
EF

KJ J
AMEJ F
K






(- )
W
0.5W100KJ 10KJ 1KW
0.01F0.001FW
1N9142N3904
KW
WJ J J
15V J
EJ FVin J
VOVin J
EF
vin J



vo

--
EF

Summery

ModulationJ
KEF
F J
KE
J

K
J
AM J
FM J

PMEF J

DemodulationEFJ
K
AMJ
RFAMJ
K
VCOLCFMJ
J

--
EF

J
J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
J
EFAM J
EF
EFFM J

KEF
K J
1080KHZ J
AM FM J

--
EF



Wireless Microphone
EFMFFMEJ F
L1 CT1 C4 R3
K100MHZ
W
K88-108 MHZJ KFM J
K1-2WJ K6-30 VDCJ










EJ F

W
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- CT1= 2-5PF - C1 = 470PF ceramic - C1 = 0.047F
J Tr DS548( NPN)J


--
EF

K








W









K
KL1 J
EFFMJ
KFM


--
EF


EJ F

EF J
J
J
J
J

+9v

800

3
2 +
C1

1



K
0.5W
16V J
C1 J
8800T1 J

10m J
J
ESWG-32F0.27mmL J

--
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EAF11mm

10cm 6610Cm
10cm

K
3
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2

N1=9
1


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K9V

--
EF


J
xz

ECF
EF
K



K J
J

K J
K J


W

--
EF

J
xz

LLW KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
WWW
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K J
J
K
K J
K J


KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

--
EF


KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

--

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EF
DCSCR
DCSCR


EF
DCSCR

J W
SCRJ
SCRDCJ

J W
J
EFSCR J
J
SCR J
K J
K J

J W

J W

W
J
J
J
J
K J
J W

J
AC,DCJ

--
EF
DCSCR


KRheostat


Triac (SCRF
K

SCR
ESCRSF
K 1000V1A

SCR


SCR
SCR

K

--
EF
DCSCR

J W

Silicon Controlled Rectifier ESCRFJ


A,K,G

E1AF
KE1000AF
KThyristorJ

SCREFon/off
DiacTriggeringEF
K
TRIACJ
EMT1,MT2,GF

K
FiringJ
ONOFF
KG
TriggerEFJ
K SCR
Phase ControlJ


K
Motor J

Firing AngleJ
SCR

KSCR

--
EF
DCSCR

ConverterJ
KDCAC
V-I Characteristic of SCR J
FVAK
KEJ FEFIAE

IA

ON


IG=0
IG1

IHO OFF
VR VAK
VHO VBRF1 VBRF0







EJ F

Forward Break Over VoltageVBRFEFJ


ONOFFSCR

Holding Current ( IHO) EFJ


FSCR
KESCR
Holding VoltageEVHO) EFJ
KSCR
Flay Wheel Diode
EFPN
EMF (off/onF
K

--
EF
DCSCR

SCRJ
J J
(Silicon Controlled Rectifier) SCR
EJ J FPNPN
KEJ J F

EGateFGEKathodFKEAnodFA
KEonoffF

Ande
A
A

P

N
Gate G P
G N
k
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EJ J FEJ J F

FSCREJ F
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E F
VBRF
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ONOFF
K

--
EF
DCSCR

ESwitchFSCR
EONFSCR J
CLOSEDE1V- 5VF
K
FOFFSCR J
E
OPEN
EONFSCRJ J
WONOFF
VBRF -
K
-
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-
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OFFJ J
EFSCR
EFIHOEF
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J
K J
KACSCR
SCR

--
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DCSCR

KSCRJ J
2000A 1A
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5A1AJ
50 A5AJ
50AJ
EF
EJ J FHeat sink
EJ J F
FG KA
KE







(- ) (- )

W
EJ F



(-)
--
EF
DCSCR

Data Sheet

Kpower Rating

PFV

ErmsF IF
IFaV
VROM
K VGRM
PGM
K TJ

( 2N1596 ) SCR
IF=1.6A rmsJ
VRGM = 6vJ
100mAJ

K
50mA1mA J
0.6v J
E0.8vJ 0.6v F
K3 V 2 V ESCRF J
ONSCRWW
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IL
V

RL
W
W
J
J
K J
--
EF
DCSCR

KSCRJ

R X 1 EF
W
EF J
EF
KEF
EF J
G K
FK EHF K
KEPN
A J
EF
KA
G K J
KEF
EFEF J
KEF

K
A R X 1 J
KEFEJ FK

K G 1.5VJ
EJ FEF
K

J
EJ

--
EF
DCSCR




+
+
A

K G


EJ FE J F





+




EJ F
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G A J
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100 J
K
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--
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DCSCR

K
SCR
KEJ F
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--
EF
DCSCR

J

EFSCR J

SCRSCR J
KONOFF
EJ F
WEJ F
IAM1
IGM2
VAKV

J1
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(-)

WJ
J
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DCJ
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--
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DCSCR

J J
J1,J2 J
25V J
IG=0R2J2 J
J1 J
VAKIAIGEJ FJ
VRL

VAA IG mA IA mA VAK VRL SCR

25V 0

(-)

WEJ F

EJ FIAJ
EFKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
KVAA
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IAVAKR2 J
KVAKR2

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IA,IG,VAK,VRLEJ F J

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(-)

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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEFIAJ

--
EF
DCSCR

EJ FKKKKKKKKKKKKKVAKJ
EJ FJ
J2 J
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KJ1 J
SCRSCR J

SCR J
ELFSCR
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

--
EF
DCSCR

KPhase ControlSCRJ

AC SCR
KRectifier
KSCREJ FJ

VAK

VS

RL VL


(-)

VLVAKEJ F
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t

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(- )


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--
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SCRE 180Z F
KSCR

OFFSCR EJ F
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Phass Control

KAC
K
J W
J
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DCSCR

WJ
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KDCJ

WJ J
J1 J
IG=0R2 J
J1 J
EJ FK
J
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R2 J
VRLminmax
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EJ F
K

EILF
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min= VRL=.

(-)

--
EF
DCSCR

VAKVL
J
VS
KEJ F
t
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t

VL

t

(-)
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KEJ FVAKVRL
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t
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t
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EFEFJ
J
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DCSCR


360 = 2
180 =
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180 360
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X Cm
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X 180
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K

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180 360
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180 1
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--
EF
DCSCR

J

K


K

K
SCRs
K

SCR
Rectifier AC

E
F
Phase Control
DCEFEJ F
KE half wave converter F

VS

VAK
t

VS
+
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~
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Arm VA VA
-
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(- )
Armature J
VAT
K

--
EF
DCSCR

SCRFlywheel diodeDJ
K

DCJ J
Half Wave Converter

DCEJ F
half wave FAC
KEconverter
EF

K


1K

SCR

20:1 BTX30
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0.47F M D2

(- )
J
J
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KPND1,D2 J
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DCSCR


J J J
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J
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KEJ FZ45 J



VS

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EJ F

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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KVAJ

--
EF
DCSCR

Full wave converterDCJ J

KEJ F

UJT

UJT

K
KEJ F
X Y
BTX30
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SCR1
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20V
2W
220V
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1 K 240
SCR2

10 K

- +
50 K

2N2646

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0.47F
100
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Y

(- )

J
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0.47fWJ
K1A24vWJ
KPNJ
--
EF
DCSCR

KBTX30 J
K2N2646WUJTJ
K220V/24VJ
KJ
K2W 24V WJ
KJ J J
KYYXXUJT
VA J
KEJ FSCR
VA

t


VSCR


t


EJ F
J
KE F
EC,DFDC J
WEJ F30,45,60,90,120,150,

30 45 60 90 120 150
VA
EJ F
J
KEFEF

--
EF
DCSCR

Summery

PNPNSCR J
KGKA
ON J
KOFF
FiringSCR J
EF

ONOFFSCR J
K

KSCR J
OFFSCR J
A,KE2-10 mAF
E1-3VF
KSCR J
J
K
J
K100A
J
K
SCR J
DC ChopperJ

--
EF
DCSCR


J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSCR
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150
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K

(- )
EJ FJ

J IG J
KJ
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J
IC J
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PG = IG * VGK =
--
EF
DCSCR


K J
IHO
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EFVBRF

ECFEFJ
EFSCRJ
SCRJ
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F J
KEJ FE

EJ FJ
ELF
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3A4A12VEJ F
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J
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DC
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K J
J
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K J
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J
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LLW KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
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K J
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K J
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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

--
EF
DCSCR


KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

--

< ]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

EF


EF

W


W
K J
K J
K J
KEF J

J W

J W

W
K J
K J
K J

J W
K J
J

--
EF


Triac
K OFF/ONSwitch SCR

KSCR



AC
KAC Motor


Trigger
K



KEF

--
EF

TriacJ

EJ F
EF
W
EA1F(MT1) J
EA2F(MT2) J
GJ
MT2
(A2)


G

MT1
(A1)
(- )

KEJ FK










(- )
K
W
KON J

--
EF

KOFF J
E FE F


K

SCR
KIHEF
F1A
SCR E100A
K1000 A
J
EJ F
K
VAC

0 2 t

VL


VA1A2
A2
t

VA1A2
VA

TRIGGERING

A1
VL
t



(- )
FEONF
A1 A2 E

K

--
EF

EF
OFF
KE 180F
DIACJ
ETriggering DeviceF
K

EJ FDIAC

K
32V28V

I


-VB
V
+VB




(- )

--
EF

WJ

SCR
RC1 J
EJ F T1,T2 J
K
GT2 J
EJ F







T1

( - ) (- )

K J

--
EF

KJ
EJ F
RC
K


R1
T 24 v/ 2.2w

A2
220 V 20 V R2
DIAC
Triac
O
C1
G
A1

(- )

J W
50k R210K R1 J
0.47f C1 J
1A220L20 V J
2.2 W24 V J
1A40V J
1A28 V J
KJ J

--
EF

K
EJ F
RC
K

115VW
K


R1

A2
115 V
60 HZ R2
R3 DIAC Triac


G
C2
C1 A1
(-)
J W
R3=4.7KR2= 250K or200kR1=10K WJ
C2 =0.02F C1= 0.1F WJ
40-60W RL J
K3A200VT2302B : TriacJ
K32ATI43AWDiacJ
Earth-Isolated 115v SourceJ
W
115VIsolation Transformer J
115V
J
KA2EF
J J

--
EF

J J

K
VLJ
KVA1-A2
R2J

EJ F

V P-P
=


t
VA1-A2

EJ F

--
EF

R2 J
KEJ F

V P-P
=


t
VA1-A2

EJ F
ELFJ
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
R2J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
ELFJ

--
EF

KJ
KJ
KJ
RL = ...............................
KJ
J
K
KJ
VRL = ................................................
KJ
VRL
I= = ........................................
RL
K J
VA1-A2 J
J
P = I V A1 A2 = ............................
J
PL = I VRL = ..................................
K J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

--
EF

Summery
TriacJ

J
EF J
K J
J
EFon J
SCR
FSBSDiac
E J
EFUJT
100A J

--
EF


EJ F
K5A200V
VAC = 110VVBO=32V

R



R1 10 K

A2
VAC

50 K
R2 DIAC
Triac

C 0.47F A1


EJ F

60 J
VAC

0 2 t


VA1A2

t

VL
t



(- )

--
EF

30V J
KEoffFJ
J
E F
K
J

J

J
KJ

--
EF


KECFEFJ
KSCR J
KEFJ
KSCRJ
DIACJ
K
J
FJ
E
EFJ
EJ FJ
RL


R1


115 V R2


C

(-)


VBO= + 32 V
60


VBO= +28V

--
EF

K
P2
R1

A1
220 V P1
R2
AC
C1
A2
C2

L1 C3
F1

R1: 2.2 K 0.5W P1: 1M


BTB04-600 or BTB TR1
R2: 6.8 K 0.5W P2: 470 K 06-400/BTB08-400B
C1: 150 nf /400v 3.5A F1
C2: 33 nf /250v L1
C3: 150nf/250v BR100 D1


1mmEF J
L1C1

J
220V
K J
220V J
K

--
EF


J
xz


EF
KECF



K J
J
K
K J
J
K
K J
W

--
EF

J
xz

LLW KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
WWW
KW


K J
J

K J
J

K J

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

--
EF


KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

--

< ]<gj]<]<j<^]<]

EF
E F
EF


EF
EF

W


WW
K J
K J
Manual Instruction J

W





W
Micro- Master mm-8000J
J
KJ

W
J
KJ
KHexadecimalBinaryJ

--
EF
EF

J W

(Computers)
EMicroprocessorF
K

EALUFEICF
ERegistersF

K
Micro Computer
KMicroprocessor System
W J
KEFRAM/ROM J
Output UnitInput Unit J
F
FEMicro-ComputerBasic
KE Micro- Master - Model mm-8000

K

K

KKIC J
Procedures Instructions
J
Manual Instruction
K
J
K


K
--
EF
EF

W
Microprocessor J



K
HardwareJ

K
SoftwareJ

K
BusJ

Address BusJ
K
Data BusJ
K
Control BusJ
K
Main MemoryJ
KEF
Memory Access J
EF
WRead Only Memory (ROM) J

K

--
EF
EF

Random Access MemoryEFJ

K
KEPROMJ
K
KWORDWJ
KEBits F
Micro ComputerEFJ
EF
Rom/Ram
K
InputJ
K
Output unitJ
K
InstructionsEFJ

K
Computer Program J
K

--
EF
EF

MM- 8000J
EJ F
K
ECPUF J
Memory J
KInput / Output J




/

EJ F
MM-8000EJ F
K







EJ F

Intel 8085MM8000
K

EEPROM2K ByteROM2816

K

--
EF
EF

W8156
256RAM J
Timer J
Port8LI/OL J
K6L

K816
KTwo 7 Segment LED Displays
KEIndicatorsF

8 LEDs DriveEFJ
K
LJ
KL

mm -8000PC BoardEJ F
MM8000Schematic DiagramEJ F
KEJ J F











(- )
--
EF
EF




























EJ F
--
EF
EF



















EJ F

--
EF
EF

KJ J


















--
EF
EF

J


















KJ
ELENCO ELECTRONIC WHEELING
K25-40WJ

--
EF
EF

J
EFBinary
E1FHigh
KE0FLow

8085
8085KE8 bitFEWordF
Address BusEF 8085Data Bus
16

KAD7AD0

8
K
E0FEFJ
E1FEF J

LEDEF
EFLEDs
K8LEDs

E0FLEDE1FLED
KEJ FEJ F
??W

--
EF
EF

EJ F

( - )

--
EF
EF

EJ F

(- )

--
EF
EF

WJ J
IC7805
LED8
KSW16
EJ F














(-)

EJ F



(- )
--
EF
EF


DownEFJ
S3J

LED ONSW16 J
LEDs K5V
OFF
LEDONSW15SW8J
K
KELEDsFJ

--
EF
EF

8155J

8155
EF
RAMEFJ
KLEFJ
KTimerJ

RAMJ J
F256RAM 8155
AddressEFE
KEFEF

WJ

KAddress Bus J
J
J

--
EF
EF

8155EJ F










(- )

(8 Pins)8155

FJ
ALE Latch Adders Enable
KE1FEALEF8155
J
K


KAddress Latch EnableWALE
EF8085J10 F
KRead From MemoryWRD

EF
KWrite To Memory WR

--
EF
EF


K
WLInput out put or Memory IO /M
L
RAMENAPLE RAM :ENRAM
J28155CE
8155EFE0F
DisabledE F
K
KReset: RS


S3 J
EJ FEJ F J
K











(- )

--
EF
EF
















(- )


LED ONSW16 J

FE1FEN RAM J
1FIO /ME
E
EFE0F0000 0000 J
ALE J
0001 0001 J
0000 0000EFWR J

--
EF
EF

EJ F J
5,6


0000 0000 0001 0001
0000 0001 0001 0010
0000 0010 0001 0011
0000 0011 0100 0100
(-)

3,4 J
K
EFRD J
K
off SW16 J
onSW16 J
9, 10 J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

--
EF
EF

RAM 8155
EF A,B,C,I/O portsL
KCommand Status Register
KEJ F


b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
AE0F

AE1F


BE0F


B E1F
C00

C 11

(- )

1000 1110
EFAJ
EFBJ
EFCJ
L
KEJ F


XXXX X000
XXXX X001 Port A
XXXX X010 Port B
XXXX X011 Port C

(
- )
10EDon,t CareFX

--
EF
EF

K
7SegmentEJ F
C0EFB
E1F 0
K













(-)

DriveCircuit EJ F
K5v Q1,Q2

--
EF
EF


S3
EJ F














(-)


8155EFIOIO/M J
RS
ONEN RAM8155
EF0000 0000EF J
8155ALE J
1100 1110 J

--
EF
EF

x1100 1110zEFWR J
B,CAEF
ELEDF0
KEF
EBF0000 0010 J
8155BALE J
0110 0001 J
BE0110 0001FWR J
KE31,2,3,4,7F
B0000 0000 J
0000 0010B
KEJ F8,9 J



(-
KE CF0000 0011 J
8155ALE J
C0000 0001 J
K
EFWR J
K
K8155BEF6,7 J
--
EF
EF

B98J


A,B,C
K
KC 0000 0011 J
8156ALE J
F1000 0001CRD J
6 C C6,7
F15,140000015 0
E6,7
FC1111 1011 J
0,1C20
8155ALE J
0000 0000 J
00CWR J

( pattern)
( ENABLE)
K
K J

--
EF
EF

TimerJ

148155
K 2EsetF
bo
b14,b15Timer Inb13
KModeEF

8156

K

EJ F











(- )

--
EF
EF

2816 EEPROM

ROM
ROMEF
KMonitor Program EFBISO
EEPROMMM8000

2816 EEPROMJ J
EEPROM2816
10ms8155 RAM
8bit2k byte2816
KEJ F

(- )

WEEPROM 2816
A10A0Address Lines
I/O7I/O0Data lines
CE
2816E0F
OEWE
KEchipF
OE
8155RD
K
--
EF
EF

WE
K
2816
2816 8155RAM
F74HC537
(D Type Flip Flop)E8 bits LatchFE

EJ F
ALEC












(- )


WEN2816 EEPROM
KEoffFEonFDown

--
EF
EF


EJ F
















(- )


Disable EFENRAM , ENROM J
KROM,RAM
2816 ROMWEN J
K
KPower on J
2816 ROMENABLEEN ROM J
2816 ROMWEN J

--
EF
EF

ESW7FA8 J
(0FF)H(000)H

KHexadecimalHW
K0000 0000 J
K74HCT573ALE J
EF0000 0011 J
(0000 0011) WR J
2816 (00000000)
97107 J
KEJ F


Address
DATA
0 00 0000000 0000 0000 0011
0 01 0000000 0001 0000 1100
0 02 000 0000 0010 0011 0000
0 03 000 0000 0011 1100 0000
(- )

7,8 J
KRD
2816 EEPROMWEN J
K
Turn Power OffEF J
ON J
2816 EEPROM12 J
K
018EA8FSW7 J
0,0A10A9

(1FF)H(100)H
--
EF
EF

2816 EEPROMWEN J
87107 J
EJ F


Address
DATA
1 00 001 0000 0000 1000 0001
1 01 001 0000 0001 0100 0010
1 02 001 0000 0011 0001 1000
(-)

13 J
7,8 J
RD
16(000)HEA8FSW7 J
KEJ F
Koff J

--
EF
EF

K8085J
KMM- 80008085
E 216 F64 8085

RAMEEPROMDisplay7 Segment

8085J J
EJ FPINEF408085
K







K
168
DATA BUSAD0J AD7
16A8 A15ADDRESS BUS

--
EF
EF

8085
8085EJ F











(-)

WEF 8085
ALU J
Control Unit J

K
KRegistersJ
W
ACC (8 bit) J
K
8 B,C,D,E,H ,L J
K16 bitbit
( Flag Register) F J
EFPC J
16
Stack 16SP J
--
EF
EF

Monitor ProgramJ J

E0003FHE0000FHROMEF
E80DC)HRAME012DFHE010AFH
E80FFFH
MM.8000Reset
Monitor Program
ERunningF
Hexadecimal Keyboard
EF
KGo

KEModeF
( DA) DataJ
( AL) Address Low EFJ
( AH) Address high EFJ


DAEFJ

EFAL EFEFJ
EF
K
AHEFJ

K


0 F
9EF
K
EX2,X1,GO,ST,RST,AH,AL,DA,RF
ESTOREFSTJ
DALDAH EF
KEFEDAFEF
--
EF
EF

DALDAHEREAD FRDJ

EFGOJ
DALDAH
RestartedX1,X2J

MM- 8000J J
168085
KE651536 byteF 216
256ROM 2K byte MM 8000
EJ FRAM
KMM 8000

KMM 8000









EF

--
EF
EF


EJ F





EJ F








EF

Reset J
J
ROMENABLEEN ROM J
ROMWEN J
ALE0000 0000 J
74HCT573
EC3F1100 0011 J
KROMWR

--
EF
EF

EJ F5,6 J
KROM

















EJ F
E0100 )H A8J
K (01FFFH

--
EF
EF

5,6 J
EJ FE012DFHE010AF H
K









EJ F
RAMWENJ
E00FFFHE10000 FHA8J
ALE0000 0000J
KRD74HCT573
J
KE0074F HE0060FH( 0001)H ,(0002)H
--
EF
EF

E01FF) H EH0100) H A8J
E010AFH 12J
KE012D) H
EROMFA8J
E00FFFHE0000FHA8J
MM- 8000ResetJ
B,CAEF

K ResetJ
KRAMENRAMJ
ALEEDCFH1101 1100J
KROMRD8156
( FF) H(DD)H21J

RAMEFENRAMJ
K J
EJ FEJ FW
KAD7AD0

--
EF
EF


Delay section & Display Section


E80F9)HE80ECFHRAMDelay
CopyK36ROM
KRAMROM
(0074)HROMdisplay
(80FE)H(80FA)HRAM(00A4)H
RAMROMEmodeF
K
Reset J
Power on J
ROMENROM J
ROMEFWEN J
ROMEJ F J
FK(00A4)H(0074)H
ALE
KEWRECODEF









--
EF
EF

(- )

(0040)HEJ FJ
(004F)H

(-)
--
EF
EF

(0100)HROMA8J
(01FF)H
(011C)HFF J
RAM(80EE)H ROM(011C)H

ROMWEN J
EJ F J
(011C)H (012D)H(010A)H
FFF
ERDALE
(00FF)H(0000)HROMA8 J
J
EJ Fz(0044)H(0060)H(0002)H (0000)H

xEJ F
KW
J
ROMENROM J
ERUNF Reset J
(00FDDADAEmodeF
EFE00F
8EF


KReset J
KROMWENENROM J
E01FF)(0100FROMA8 J

--
EF
EF

(011C)E05) J
F10msRAM(80EE)
E
ROMWEN J
K011C05 J
A8 ROMENROM J
ERunFReset
J
l0ms
Reset J

AL Mode
ROMWENENROM J
(12)(0128)(FD) J
K(012B)
(0128) RAM(0128)(FD)J
KAL
DAL(80FD)RAM(012B)12J
K
ROMWEN J
(0128) J
(012B)
ROMENROM J
DAL (12)Reset J
AL EFEF
Reset J

--
EF
EF

AH Mode
(0128FFE263125J
E34F30K(012C)(34FAH
AHDHA
Pattern
(012C)(56),(78) 263125 J
E F EEJ FF
AH

DAHDALMODEL J
EJ F
K23 (00)30

(-)

K J

Key Board J
16MM8000

Functional Keys(FF(0)
scan
EF

--
EF
EF

EFEF
K

EJ F

(-)

(- )

--
EF
EF

J
ECaseF
KEJ F

(-)

Scan RoutineJ J

E2FEF3
00D200A2Scan Routine J
F
ERST
( 00D4)Key Found Routine J
(00E1)
( 00E2)Data Found Routine _
(00F0)

--
EF
EF


Reset J
Power on J
ROMENROM J
ROMWEN J
EJ FROM3 J
(00FO)(00A2)





















--
EF
EF












(-)

ROMWEN J
00001,2,3 J
(00F0)(0060)(0002)
E004FEJ F J
(004F)
(01FF)(0100)ROMA8 J
(012D)E010A) J
ROME ROM J
EFEFReset J
K(00)DDA
E01F 1 J
(2)(1)(2) J
EF
(3) J
(F)

K(FF)(F) J
--
EF
EF

(00)
Reset J
RAMDDA16 (FF)
KROM
K16 J
KReset RST J
KReset J
K J

Function Keys Routine J J


KST,R,DA,AL,AH,GO,X1,X24
(F FND)
K3
ST J
DAL,DAHEDDAF
EDAF
DAL ,DAHR J
KDDA
AH,AL,DA J
EFAH
EFAL
DA
GOJ
DAH, DAL
X1,X2 J
KMM-8000

--
EF
EF


Reset J
J
ROMENROM J
ROMWEN J
J
EJ F(005F)(0050)4
EJ F(00FF)(00F1)

(- )

(- )

--
EF
EF


(01FF)(0100)ROMA8 J
RDGO J
EJ FE0109F(0100F4
KROMWEN J
7EF J
(012D)(010A)
A8 J
(0000)
J
(00FF) ( 0040) ( 0002)
ROMENROM J

CHECKING MODES
ADEFReset J
K00
111 J
ALKAL J
00 EF
222 J
KAH J
K
333 J
DADA J
11
ALAL J
22
AHAH J
K33

--
EF
EF

RAM
STORING- READING IN RAM

EFAHAH J
DAH8008 J
ALEFAL J
KDAL000 J

E8000F

DADA J
DDA1221 J
DALDAH8000(12)ST J
DALDAH
(8001)
01DALALAL J
K8001ST
DADA J
27,28 J




(-)
08DALAL AL J
F(8000) DAL DAH J
E8000)
R J
12DA12(8000)
DALDAH

--
EF
EF

J
ROM
ROMWEN J
F(012E)DAH,DAL J
E
DA J
J


012E 11
012F 22
013O 33


ROMWNE J

(012E)DAH,DAL, J
39 J
GO
(8000)EFDAH,DAL J
DADA J
K J


8000 C3
8001 00
8002 80

8000JMP8000
--
EF
EF

8000DAH,DAL J
45 J
(8000) DAL,DAH{ J
KGOE00FAL J
K (8000)
K
KRST J

E8001F(8000)
K

8000 17
8001 32

K( 8001) ( 8000) EJ F









(- )

--
EF
EF


Reset J
J
EFReset J
AH J
DAH8008 J
AL J
DAL022 0 J
DADA J
DAA2112 J
8002DAA(21)ST J
KEJ F9,10 J
( 800274 J
( 8002) 21R J
EJ F13 J

( 8001) ( 8000)
( 8000)DALDAH74 J
DADA J
DDA(17)71 J
8000(17)ST J
DAA( 32) 23 J
( 8001)( 32) ST J

DAH,DAL( 8001)32 J
K( 8002)
1732GO
. J

--
EF
EF


J
xz

EF
EF
KECF




K J
K J
K J

--
EF
EF


J
xz

LLW KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
WWW
KW



K J
K J
K J


KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

--
EF

Reference

1-Basic electronics
A text- Lab manual- Fifth Edition-
Paul B Zbar
Albert P.malvino

2-Linear circuit LAB


KL 200
Module Experiment manual
King instrument Electronics CO,LTD

3-Electricity Circuit LAB


Experiment manual
KL 100

4- Experiments for electronics principle


Albert P-Malvino with G Johnson

5- Industrial electronics Atext LAB manual


BY : Paul B-Zbar
Pub : MG Graw Hill

6- Electricity electronics fundamentals


A text Lab . manual
Joseph G . Sloop

7- Electronic for technicians


GD Bishop Macmillan

8- Modern industrial electronic


Timothy j Maloney
prentice Hall

9- Electronic principles
Albert P-Malvino

J

J
J
--
EF


J
J
J
J J
J J J
J J
J J J
J J J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ J J
J J


KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK J J J
J J J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK J J J
J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK J J
J J
J J
J J J
J J J
J
J
J
J
J
J
W
J
EF

J
J
J J




EF



J J J
J J J


J J
J J J
J J J
E F J
J J
J J
J J J
J
J
J
J


J
DC SCR W
J
J
SCRJ
J J J
J J
J J
J J
SCR J
J
J J
SCR J
J J
J J
J
J J
J J J
EF

DC J J





J J J


J
J
J
J
J
J
W
J
J
J
J


J
J
J J
J
J
J
J
J
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKJ
E F W
J
J
MM- J
J J
J
J J
8155 J
EF

RAMJ J
J


EEPROM J
2816EEPROM J J
8085 J


8085 J J
J J
MM- J J
J
J
J J
J J
J
J
J

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