Origen Cosmology and Ontology of Time Supplements To Vigiliae Christianae Supplements To Vigiliae Christianae

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Origen:
Cosmology
and
Ontology of Time
1'. T 7.amaliko!;
BKIlJ.
I.EIIW~"'" . IIOSTO:-':
"""
'I' ate
Supplements
to
Vigiliae Christianae
FormerlY Philasaphia Patrum
T exts and Studies of

Early C hriSlian Lire and L1nguagc
~:d;"'"
J- den R(wn, 1- "lll O Or!, \V.1... p /'li;r!i("Il,

D,T. /{u ni a, C . Scholtcn, j.C ..\1. van Windcn
'I' ate
11y"" ..... .
.[b/",,.,,,,;,,., ......... .................... .................................................. .
hllrt)(iuc,i"u ... ..... .... ......
",lilT I
C O S~ I Q[ . OGy
GOU \,\ I) T !.\ m ....................... .
C hapter Two T H E I'KOV]])E.' IT I,\ 1. C KF..AnO.'<

"
39
r
(;b.p.. "11,,,,, TH E FAL L ,""u
CIU : \T IO:\, OF
TH E \\"OIU.I) ............................................ .
T he C<"'~I";,., " uf the "'"Qrld _.... - -.
T he I~"~)I" "f"'" """ "",1 w',,-,bt- .. ... ......... ...... ..... ....
.. ""
"0
Go<1 ;" incorporeal ............... .. ....... .................... ........... ........ .
' 11,, " -orld is mawrhl ........ .. ............................... .. ........... .... . '"
'"
116
Chap'u Four ' IIEG ""',[,,G LESS \\"Ok [J)": A ~ n "1"I 1

RECU:\'S [[) ERED ....................... ... ........... ..... ( [9
Cl",!,,,,r F''' God tb. l.og'" ami Wor ld .. ........... ...... ... .... IG5
T h" 'place of the 1 ~'Il'" .... .. ...... .... ..... ...... ... ......... .. .... 165
\1'orM and T,,,,,, .... ... .. ..... ... ... ..... _._....... ...... _.. ....... .. .... 112
Conclu';"ll .... ... ........ .... ....... .......................................... ..... ..... 17[
PMIT 11
O"-[ "01.O(;Y OF T I M [
Cl",!,,,," s,~ T !.\1F. PKO PER .. _.. ... . .. . ..... .. ..... 1)9
T he [x.rkgr"""d ... .. .. .. ... ....... ..... ...... ... ..... . 1)9
Time'" , . lrnrw.. (~,a"'>lJI" .................................................. 206
''0
Ti",, ;" a ,bm"Il,ion .................... 219
..---. .. .. .. . . ..--. --
Time " a "",at" ,. --- --- -- ----- .. _---- -- .. --------- -- --
................. ... -... .. -...... '"
241
"rim< and tho "otioll of lllfl" itc ... ....... ... ....... .. 245
ReL"i,;ty ,"d Tiu" .............................................................. 259
Orig.--o, j"II",","" 0" hi, >tIC","'''',." ....... ...... " .......... ........ " 260
Cond",'"'' . ___ .. _............................ ____ ......... .. ....... .. 26U
Chap1<T So,," l'i{UI.O"GATIO" OF T I.\ IE ... .. ....... 272

Tl" ca",e ofror .. umnl3ti<>o .............. .................................. 28 1
'n", end of "eoh ;,,,d JU<ig<-"'Cl>' ........................................ 292
n.. u(J ",omc of .l"dwmen' ... ..... ... ....... .. .. ...... . 296
T I!>IE ANn C,\US-\UTY 310

C. t<gorUiJJ!l" 1 1l0ti (~1 ............................. .............. ..... .... ...... .. .. 3 10
I-"",~ moral "etion as .. <>lWI .......................... ..... ................... 3 13
T ri,,1 "f I1lOlion jn til1le ....... ... .... ... .. .... 316
'n", nOlion> of f." " C,,. and oIOI.-ne,' .... ... ......... .. 316
G(~I and c'e~' " ,d)" freedom ............... ... .. ...... .. ..... .... ...... .. " 3~ 1
Tl", conception of <n",.,jiry .......................... ........................ 321
I'a,u'al ea"",[it)" ................................................. .............. ... 325
C ~ U "'bl) 01 ,..~lion~1 .c';on ...... .. 326
h i'l~lIljal c"",,,,Ii,) -,
''-
'
H __ . . . _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . _ __ _ _ .... .. _ ___ . . . . _ __ . . . ___ __ _ . . . .
'11,< 110,iou of prt"-<:xi"<nt <"U'le>

Time .. the "'<teru;oh of f=do", '"'"
337
Tio",k .. causal, ,),? ,;,
Condu,i"n .. . __ ... .............. _____ ...... _. ---- ... .. -... .. .......-- 359
C O:-; CI.U.~ I O;';
lIih/wgraploy .......................... ........................... . ...... .. ....... . :177

/.w. <If .,\imw aM T""" ............................................................ 393
/,w." 'If Gr.tt "/ m... aM b/"mVM> .. ............. . . ... +O'l
/",ft.. 'If 1Id>li<aJ ~ _ ______ __ ______ ...... .. _... _ 4 14
H~,.,,,;; ,"udi<:d O,;~" fol' ~.., 1:... '''-' 'IIl) -kl" years. I h~,'" 00"'''
\0 Lo.-l"-w !h", 1" is lk '0"" ,ragic eI,""",,"r of ,ill Chri,u,", schol-
ar,,!Iil', if 1101 "f ~Il Ch,;,,;an hi>tu,y_ I m,'O" the epi'h'" tT""..gi<' in
it> origill.1 ""1l>C, rdemlt;; to Il"ble I"",,on enll"ging iD " mOT"".tlI)'
1l101I1entOu' "'"ggle endillg ill mill, c,""nti:dl)" '" a <OIl,<qUCll of
SOD'~ ex,,"''''e q""Ii,y. "I,ich i> I.:,,), ,he "'"co- of hi' grc,utcss ,,,,d
the ,.m", of hi, do"- nf~lI _ Perh"p' cdc~ ,;" .nd "dui.."", came too
<.rll ill hi, lif". I,,:rhop' it ,,,,' hi, "orm)' d, .... c... r anrl hi, a ,od",,"
it), 10 fUl'llioJ, I< Il L~ti,-e ,heol"Sical c"n.ic"""",, ",'h;':h wo,,- re""i,-,,d
11101 "I ",")~ ill guod faith"" dd;""i,,, <1O<1ri""". alth ough he him"
self I""p0sed the>n ;'" I'0,;;il>ll" e~,.geo<' of <lIon,}, I",,,io", of 1he
"cilc,1 SCliptun. IIot a. ", on<i.tufJi dict~ _
It "",'m, '0 m~ d~" for a ll appn>lOo:h to Origt"ll to be i odi.pIH"bI~.
it " nec,"""",, to dctennine in th, ~"1 pi."" tCII'~' ,""h "" hi, COli"
c<"pt of T ime_ whicb nocn.ariJ)" imuil'C"O hi. C"""O~'. U UCC car"
diu,,1 notions , uch as 1h~ are fitml), ",,,,b/i'hetl one ('Ut go ah e:od
,,-ilh ill " .lf1"ing OIh"r "'I"'"""' of hi' <h<'oIog). being co",id<'ra~l)'
intact from tl>< current elldlo,. alld chaotic conlr","o,,",- ",-er th c
. uthcllt;"i,)' of ,,-h.t ru", beell left I",billd
T h" i, wh I 1"<""'"' ,bi, "'''" ogmpb 0 11 hi , CmJllolog.,- alld
Ou,o]ogy ,,fTime. Not ( 111)" \>"'"u"'" thi. i.! !he .pi"" of h" 'bough'
(iode',d of ""Y philooophic~1 or th"oJogic,,1 ~lo"ght\. b,,, .. L;o 1..,'0"..
it is 10.,,\1 to di,pute t~lIe" which .'" bt"t, "lid Y'" decUi,-dy peT"
,ucatc all of , hi, tbeo!og.,-. ~1)' iutenti" " i, to go ahead ,,-ith hi.
l'hiloool'lI)" of Hi,tot)' alld ~:.cllato!ogy I)-C". I all, aw"-,,, of mart)'
""hob ... .,ill denying ,hat ."d, a thing "'''" exim;'1 Ooigtu " witne ..
<li'pu <ed doc,rill~' , ,,ch :os hi, T,;"il~ri'"' tw,olo!\) "',11 fOil""'. <I,-,<\<-
ing hea,;]), '''' thi, :'lId the fOl1hcom i"g ",or><>gT"ph ,., histol)"_
O"c of my aim, iD ilii, t.~)~ w., to C(mtril"Jt~ to n-al""tiou 11""
n"",i,-e ""'WoII of ;"graill ed cl";"" about O,igon i, ""lIod for.
alt hough [ am a"'a'e of how ha ...1 it is for er""", ","um p,;oo< '0
Ix di"","'t;mlCd_ Origcn mu" be c'''," led ,,-i,h h.,-;III( piunce,d the
p,;n";pol i,k,,, of th,- Christi"" (1J'I<~'I" of Time. ,,-hik' his C"''''OIogy
"",xl ill ]~'rmo"j" ,,;,h thi. th",)I)" 11< ",,"t . 1'0 be gi'''''' th. ~"",tit
that. fXi" I'",d . hc ", .d~ tb~", ide,.. p.~btahl~_ . i,,,,c 'hc)' imbucd h"

h(Om ilio>, c(Ommentane>, <l;"'" OU'''''. Th~", idea, "''He in facl p,,,,,a_
bot ,,,,,(008 ,],"'" "hKh dctcrmiuocd hi> en.ire .hrology. a nd ye' ' h"}"
,,'"''' u,",m,;"",1 b<-.:au"," Ihey ,,'~'" "'-""'" "~l"'lJ ndctl i" ."y "J b...
t",~.i"" .
I chen,h ,h~ hope Ihal i, ,,;11 corne 0,,1 ,hat hi, e""nolog.,. and
U",olog.,. of Time , hrow !lootl of light on ",heT " Jbjcc,,. '" ,hat
" "",re '''K"k,u,k<l ,~'" of U ngeu will enleTg<" before ' he ,,,.deT.
1'. T.

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ft' - hag"''''''''''' in l..",."""ion,>
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ftO, Fragmcut llIH ex Con,,"cmari i> in Chew"
fil.2.1 /14: r"""mcma ,.~ Coonm,'nrarii, in ~ ", thaeum I.~
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Fragmcnt~ I 140 in Joanllim
ftJ""
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,""'''' R"", Conu)lCnlarii in Rom .."".
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\JI I Co .
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jillth F'agm,"ta ill I lcb'""""
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De Om,ioue
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De Priocil'ij, (I'. KO<tscbal11
F.x I ,i)ro 5<""ndo Orig.'ni' de Rc>uClw,io""
hagmeDta de R"'" ....,ct ;Ol,~
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CCS Di~ Gri ... hi;ch~n Ch ri"lich~n Schrifi., ulln- ,\", ~"tCII
dm J"hrbllndertc

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iUI .IIt1I1W>I o"",l41Itdtopoliltl""'"
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f"rn,:mmlll, "Aw,,", [l'g<'. "C""'.
TU ToxIc w~l U OlOCT>\Jd ou lI!!iCll -r ur Gc>chidl1" de-.- alocbri"
lichcn [ ~ ' er4,,, r

1",rRODUCTION
Th,',. ;,. a IY"""."I>I< diffen,"ee in 1, 0"" "P'''''. Oil ,h~ oJlC h""d, and
time, on the other, ha. b,,," tn:atcd . ,\t the d~"" of Greek phiJo',
"ph), (the o'tsI:, of philo,oph)' ilSelf \ ,be P""""r,,,k pbilNOph"'.
"".rdo.~t (h~ ,p.tial ~'I .. "t of the ,(.a,.
a, ,.Il unqllCStion.IM dat"""
They ","ght to ,lioo:.>"<'T the P'.'TI"''''''''' I'rillcif*:i bebin<l th,' ""n'"""",,
btll "0 Oll~ put the n'y e.i"""",, Qf >t,ace p",per in '1,,,,.t;" ,,, Th".
the F.uc~d'3U rollception of '1"' .uco,,,,,.n:,1 ,'i rt l~,lI)' DO rollt""
,'e",y through"''' it> hi"o,ieal lif., I" fa,,' lh;' toll"-'Plioll or "I'""e
n'main<d "I)oo",,,t,y siuce 1\nti(l"jt)',
in a drhale which is ;till going 011. l 'am]M,~le" ,leui. 1 of ,ucc"';ou
.. 'Ml e>1 ..bl;'h1 the lint mdical do" l" ..bo", ,lte ,'ery exi"ent't of
,in ... . T lci, proolem 'wwr e.:........ <0 ''''''ali"" phil<>soph,'''' ,,'~r .i",,.
"nt il our ,b)"_ Thio i, 'I ui'~ tmdc",tand.bk e'''''' th",,,gh commoll
expairnc<". Space cou"i,u ,.. ~ conI'''''' ..,mory ta ngihl. ",alit)". lu
"pitr of the r"", that 'he world i, Ru "b\'io,,~)" I<mJ>uffll reali,)", ,ime
1"01"" " au ",.., i'"e collaption. ~I.di,,,,jon "I"'n it ,le",.",!! iu,,()..
'1lrcu"e .xp"ri,'"'''' ",><I "-,,,O]lr01;O"; i" .hon, i( .km'''td, 31." ....... -
ti",,, ftr nu"" d,,~,-c than th .. ""t"'n ~ 'I''''''' do,.,., Sj""", i, ",-.ila l~c
to 'he onos' i",m"li"" npe";" nee , ~, ,,, dj", sV;u< 0'''' it w,,, ,bought
to be. Time "PP'''''' "' a rca~t)' ",~)rchend1 mktqumll} to ""acc
... ><1 ,10"" i( is gr~'I',:d ""~" ,,!>s,"",..
"0"'-'1"'''''' Tlci, I,d,o ..dl"",i<:m
OH ci",,' ",rough oon -t<'''I'0ral r<,It"...,. .,,,1 " t'~ul )' w ,10" "",,( '~ I
;"~Uon of tim,, an iU"sLr~ti"" c".hh,h<d ~nd embedded in intrl
l""t",,1 tmditio n, ",hid, is non",h*" .... "P''''.ibk f(" many of the
mj'<toTllI'n:hen'io", of ,jme prol",r .ud i", Mturc. 'l1,i, tentien"y
I><'g:'" ,,-;(10 ID'" oh!,,,,,'a(ion of ~,e ]1"riodidty of m01io", of ".:",,,1),
l><><'Ii,,;; it ".-ern " )) " 'itl> the correj:,t;"n of time to >paual mOlion;
r"cmu,Jlf timc i" itself c~"'" to be "i'1"'Uy bj'"li.lid ,,,,d th'"
.ltpgothcr climi '~'1<d_ Q"i,c al~l)' Ikf)!><>n, more ,1"", a hundn,,!
)'eaN 'go, poiuwl on' ,hat if wc try W cO"<cll'e of time'" n ..",jc
I!<'oo'etrirnl line, ,,'r a", rt:ally thinking of 'J"ce.'
, H. ""'!I ...." ~;,..... '" -..;., _ '" J. _"'-' I',n" IW ,. """"",,,,01

in., r.ogI<,1, br C, ~ .. 1"", ... /0", ""ill, 1.,,-oOOn, 191(): W- 90 I, '1(l 110.
"
L'<rRo"tJc', ,0';
'1 ho conp,uai i,.u" n of >!'''C< I"""ro ." \>e fa, m" ..., .,eadE"t
tlo an ,h of time. A, tloe <onc<"I" of '1,"cc ,,'en' dli:cti,'tly lI ochal_
1""1:<'1 righl ohl'OUg" 110,. cc,,,,,n,,.. i, p",,;<k<t ;, ."If",i,,,, ph",..
;ophi<~j b .. <. which l'b)'ed ,kci,i,,' role in th, gru"'lh of n.lu,-.,]
oci.en",, _ O n 'he ",h", h;",d, ,he non-com me ''''''''' ,h'd"l''''~''' 10'.
a' le"", " nOrl -com]!n:he",,;,-e ""'CJuaned of a ", " u,1 ploiJo'''p io i<ai
grouu,l for th e (~""Iog.,. of time pl.ye(1 i", part in ~ di'l)[('t~,nion
,,,. de''tlop ,''''''' of und.n.'a"ding hUma" """It" a"d 00<;,,)". fhtat
think,,." ,,,,,,,,;all) ,.,.jigio", 0"',., oHi,,:d lh"i .. ano,,,,,. 0" Ihe n"Iu ....
and m~.lling of tim . T he h;'t"ri.;al [',ilur", hO"""~r, lio, cil h ~r ill
th e fact ,ha' ,he.. ,hiuke,-" ",'re neglected. c\"" by their i",mc<liat<
ad<1re....., or ,h:" oh,,), ,,'.re no, ""<lc",,...o<l. Yto i, is primarily the
c<rnrq~io" of ,;me "' hieh profuuu,ll), afr"c", a eenaj" pbil"",pb)' of
h;",ory and. ;n ~'" fUlal anal),;,. ~U a.'p"n:; and ",,,,,ireo,,,,;,,,,, of
hu"",,, \>eing in its teml>vral cull,"",,_ h,," th e m,,",, dem~ll~")' m.ll'
ife,,", ion. of life i",-ol,-e 'he no,iou of ,ime. '[1,e ""1' "0';'''' of rx","
nn.u im-oJ.-~ the dj"inc,i"" 1><,"'''''0 p.",. ~""'" an,l r,,", n:, he"
<I,. "'nse of /() be as an i,odi,';d",1. .. ".-11 .. ,I", p.: roon~1 ,; ..... of
il, is .""",1 upon" C"".on ""de",,,,,,,I;)\.': a"d """I"aoo,, of the his,
t,,"",al I"''''.'''
11 ,,-'" ))(~ nle~n' to be "" , i, w,,-, no. ",-ell f~al ;"1 ,ha, ,10< P[(~"
lem or ,i"'t ",'" ,ur'tcwl 10 , u"h " . p.,io.li",.1 perul',ion. )'" 1h<
fael ;, ~'a, 'Itis ","OI ulio" t",.,1 ,i "c~ l'.,.o",,idoo ~"d "'no ""til ,he
I)[e,",,", .ime , Cenainl)' ,hi, " ..., "01 ",,< ide nlal , ~o< no philosopher
""'"0'.'<1 hi, ,nti n: "Jle,,'ion '0
' he qu,~,i"" uf , ime excl",i,'ci}c to
th e ,,,1<nt ,ha, thi, ac"",Uy happenro , ,hi. w", j"" a I~'" of hi,
gra.p of ",ali ,y '" a "' look. Htncc. ho,," ,i",. wO; n:ganJcd I""''''n<
ao i"bUible in,li""or of eardi"a] ori.nlaU"," of" ee,,,,j,, philo.,o.
ph). fo' ,lh ,'i"" i, "01 j'''' fortuil"'" hr'produc' of ~ 1'10)"
.ic~1 0' mC"'ph)";c~1 "...'.'" '" doctri n". p[(~k""d hl' a phil",ophor
or " school "f ,hough. , It ;. h ll """nIL,1 oonll>on"n', all e.~p""" i\'e
:lUd me;wingful f.~cto, ",~"ifC>ting th< g;', of a I>creep';"" of ",ali,)"
a, a whok. no,l to,m;"g 'he att;t\,de t"""nl, ,h i. reaii!)-',
Thi, ;, <)'" n'a""n why il ;. n:~",,,.I~, ,,, ""Iwc< dla' ~ c."aj"
CO nc'l"i,,"' of time can ]> ' '''''k
,,;~uf..-.n' c<o"du";on. about ,I",
",,,r_
all pbik()phic.1 ",,;, ude ""I"""i,-c to ,bis. A_. ,Ioe concCJll of ,un<
i. pi,..,,,,1 iu", a If'uernl exi>1en,ial ""it",i<- . ,uch a ,,,,dy "'al' funher
,nligh,.n other f.~c< .. of a ph;lo,0l' io y. Cnocial con"'pOO<1>. ,,,rh a,
c"",,lOI"!O. anohropology, ""'ha~ . he an ilUd. ", dc.lt., mo,-~I
id.,,,- all .'" ,~"'ctl.,. i,m;,j",.! ami i" I,,"""'"< " ,,' ;, h ho'" .im. i, I"''''

n',,;! "nd ",ha, ,t> m"aning ,. fcl! M no' "11",1" <on",io ,,,.!), """'."
to he. For indeed ,ime eon>ti,u'e> '''' e"en,i.1 demem of an entire
phiJo.oph)" a"d oI ooruu8 )~ )" ;,,,lou,,. aU !he ,;,0] l',<,IlOO of aD < ~i .
"",,,,1 .1l;wd,'.
H(O,,' ,h ,"~c" COIl"",,'e (Of lime ,hrn, "' ".,,)) a, ,h" TllHlln"r in
which 'he)" POrt"')' 'hcir percqltion of i,. i> 00",o""", ,,;,h 'heir
"yernU "iew of re,li,y. Tb, "n'ol"K)' nf time "anill ill ham]o",' " 'i,h
'heir fw)(bmcmaJ phiJ<"",)hi"'~ pre",i""" 'hdr ''''<\tl">"""hng of I,,-';ng
as a "took. lIS ".-11 "" ,,';,h ,h,',r n... ,hods a.nd d"'kClic. of ,,,n''';'
!lH'ion of phi1"",,!,hi.;,,1 probkm.,
In ,;cw of ,Ill<, ,],e .,ti,,,<le of ,lunkeT' \(,,,,ml, 'hr no,ion of ,ime
;" h ig l~) irtdica,i"e of 'heir ""nerai phil"",,!,hicnl orieo,,,,'o,,. For i,
;" nO! onl)' 'heir """"ral philo"'pbica! te"Mlle)" that detern,i" ", , he
<O"POOl' of 'u, ... ; Ion' also, ~ ",,"aU' ,;,.,,' of time pi " )' a rritiral
role ill 'h~ fimna' ion of. 8" llcral ph; I">"I~,ic. l and ",;""nlial a";
,,,de . Ho,,' I" Ii,'c, ..-hal , if all)" i. 'h e 1''''1-'''' of i,,<til'~lu,,1 exi.
tener, loo", dea,h ;, faced, ,,h., migh' eom,i' ,,'e ' ht comem of a
poosj],I,' hop.: .11 ~,,,... 'luc>tio>" "'" oo""d b) tim . Fu"bo-nno.....
10",,'. if ,,' "U. God i. cooo.,,",,<I: ,b .. I,..rreplion of ~\. " 'orld, ilS ,h-
';na,i"n ~"d purl'''''". if a"y~ "heth,, 'h" ""rid "' .., "coled. or "'-'t .
a, ",dl as all lbe trm!,,,ml implica,io". 01"" ' hc ""t;on "f cI'<.,io"
emaib >11 ,10",,, ...-" joo"nd hy 'he ""y cone"ph"'] of ,Ull'. '00.
'11,,, eJo.<- co"'''' ''OOll of 0""', K", ... raJ ,-;.,,,. of ,..-.o]i'y (0 10" coorrl~ioo
of ,;m e ci<.,<:i,;,'d, fom" h;, ,dea' of 'he f"'urc, namdy. eXIl<'C!.,ion, .
an,; r;pation and ,h,' ",'"rall "j,,,,,Ii<a';o" of 'hin!:, ;n Ih< ,;me 1.0
collle. For i, i> n~'i nly ' he m"""no for ,hr f,,,mr ,ha' affi>c" an ".i.
temi"1 a"i,ude. 1\0 Oor. for e"'''llpl f.d. Iioar ., ,hUlking th'" he
did no< ex;", "'ior- he ,,'as 1'(""1, : OD !lot cO""'al)': ,lob Iho.lgh' ""br.
bn"~, ab",,, " ferting of ;n" 'phc.hk ",fe'Y. Ru, 'he a"'c ~, ' he i<k"
of for." DOn 'H,"e,\C~ .. 'l<~ ,n" "",,!. A, " ma1ter of bC!."cb a
horror ;, <ml)' "ne fa,"-e' of 'he fear of d<a,h , whi.;h oil""." ,I~" dc.th
;, Hr,- lOucb b""n<1 up ,,i,], co",~ler.. ,iol1' "bou, ,iOlc .
Ikyo"d Ihe, ,, ",,"eral <o",id",,,OO,,,. ,her,. are .p.cial '"""""'.
"hieh n:nd .. , 11", ""d~' of On!!,'"'' "nlology of time ".r."al)'. '11,"
Alc"""dri",,-, 'h(Ou~h' ha. b n I><';n' of ;,"<n><. and f",qu<n,l y
teHlI><'''''''''', c<>"tr""c"'J~ ,in 'h e fo urth nIUTY urniJ our <by. h
, 10 m. ]"'-;"] a round m. yr"" 300--500 A.Il. """ITm "Iw ~ kao..n ..

'O,,,,,,oi\tio: <oo,,,,,~ """. TO .. "" in ".'''''' ""'~". ,,,,,,.," " "" """""" if 0,;-,

, L'<'"O"tJC', 10';
,1I"ulrl b., ""1)<C.<:nl""be",jon, of O1h"r cn,dal f,,,,,,,,
of )oj, higl~y "",,(ro.
\ eNi,,1 'hc~.' ,,,,,,,,;,U) ,, ;(h 'C'l""Cl (Q hi, ,.moI"!r.o.
' I he crilici.m le\dbl ~g"i"" Orig<'ll ,-a"",. A, be .. 11.: ;" rcgafd~d
... 'he ,hiJ,le' ,,-ho brolJght Greek thougbt aud ,be cnlCrl,'ing rdi_
gion of C bri"i~lJi,, lOO cl"", 10 <<>ch other.' A mi,l..-"y >lancc i.
,h e "",,,,oon ,ha, he ,,'... "''' 00,",1 by ,he t hurr), ,radition "",I the
IIjhk-l"" "nl) <0 ,h,' eXI"", Iha\ 'ht) did 1101 cO"lfadiCl hi' ",,'"
;<:k" . ' ,\ m"re trcme ()1~ lli()n ;, ,t~" he " -.,, but a 11a,o";',. win>
did u(~I~ug ruon: ,h,,, CQuo!,,,,,u,!: all am,dgolll . a "" tmm', hybrid
of I'lalobic an,l 1101;"["" though' in hib~caJ 1Cn",,' , \, an)' miC, it
is a WnlUlUOpla<:C 10 charge him "illo Ihe ""I'0ll. ibili, ) for the
.... M' "'" u'" ~. "'!;' Sue .,,,,, F-is ,""ilI JI'*'Y. n:HS, ~''''''' tLr/ts "01
IJiiWI. V.2'fI" P~ .. nj.,.. " - " " "'" _ _ I.3- i, PG " IJ ll!:
R.m,;u. , IJ. _ _ _ Oop. I'G 11.616- 31. A """Iorn oax<U" of",...
"""""'~ ..... ;, g,;"'" bj- G.II. Ru .... "'''''" io ..... --..1"' ..... of f1', pp. ;. .. i,,
"", to, 11""", of __ Cl ...... Cbnt. \"01. Ill, 11'. 696 I(r..,
l ~ , ilil' S<~.tf j" ~;,
,owo ,. ) t \"iIlUn ' llufiD d'Aquika, .. 'l"'mr .-.. d' 0>vnr, Ho.",,,,," 0.-
sa..u~. 21 rl917 .1'1'_ ~ - ~1 . j i-.:> - ~~_ 1" ..... fourth Ontwy ~n . , hrl
""""''''' ~o" Med>o><ti., ""'-' "','"" of ... ",....1,; .
_<loe""" t1) E:p;j,~.,u'" Q/: ,",,.,;, ... od
0.;"....',
Tl""PW",
I.."".
~.,,,,
Q/: ,\k~",dri. ,~
,k-><, '0
Soc .. ,,, f:"~,~ /I""'fI. 1'1.13, .\I,tI....ti." Eu,tot/U", ...1 ApoIinui> """
~_ "".ti.o agoim< Orir . Clri<f ,.,.,00.... of Orig<-n ~= Rulinu. , E"",; u,
Q/: C..".,..,., IM,-", .. or AIe, . ... ri., C"'W) Q/: K", ...v"" C"I<'-") of ,\" .. ", od
11ili'l' or 1 _. P.,,~>IUI ....... Eu.rnu> wrote OD Af"/SZ. ,,,,", ~ Sueoate>.
~".,," /I"..." UI ), f.",f-", ... 1/. - w(k .. .G.' \'1.)3-
, for <>"'"''"'" on"'" <.ODdo-mn.otion or on.:.n, ,~",. r . &lWl: Of. "'-, 1'1'.
no 1; 8 , ,",,,,",,,,,,, .,. "'-. pp. ",i ."iie
C.C . R;';'-'.I<>n, 'l'he ,,,,,,Inn,,,",,,"
Q/: Orig<,,'. r.\oo<~ 11""". 6 19:m, )1'. -"'J &I . C""",,,
I!.>I,~. ""'"'" th;ot ,I.. fo/iff"
........ ",., I<'<Ut<d 1-' Ju,tinWl in ..... mol. C,",""I atr di<t<,d "'" ., m",h
~"" ~ hirr-odf but aga;"" ..... woo
'Dri.g<ru.,,; ~~'" ""''''''I'''''"'''' or
J",un"", er. H~1Imitt< "" /110""",. ~"'''
t
19~~e w ~'O~ - 6. '1'1", ... of "'" lift,,,, ....
*'t"'"'"
""_.." '" p..., i 'Ori<. ,"-.-;,.
i, I"""NJ io Jl>. ,!."~,
s.. ..._ c-___ .. -.,10.0- <OIht, \'01. IX, pp, 396 WO.
' cr. R. ""'-"Jr, 1 """ n - -' "" Coo ....... I""",,". 19l.l1, pp. j ~l , 316,
<"- \1 \ ", ,,,,,,,,,,", ~"'''' ' '' . iol. R ~~ ,00uJ.! .. ~ ,,,,",un: nor IV<'" >f''
.". hi, """lie., , ." ,...; oo..~, ,
~OOIt, '" "" U as m, ""-f'ffi lOt to, .....)' unde,
t.iling _i.",I ) ,.,.,..". ... , Ut ""', booIo.
, cr R_ It"" .... ,..w"..,. - ' f;"'" I.......... , 1959, 1'1'_ 369f[
er. c , BW1:, 7'" Cft<_"""..", of ~ 0","", 1913, u,_~, n.,."
",[,,,,,.,,. Oft """. ""' .... '''''mp!<,
of .. ti, .. 1e> "",,'ardo obe ohoog/t' or Oti~~. Tb"
m.,.~n' .'"'."'.~, ... h in tho-", ,,,,,], .... ",.D .. ;". Luv numoo of"bm , ~-iII
I.oe di""""", in <I<t>Jf in due """"'.

,
'lkUcnu", j",n" of C h , i.t",,,i')". I" ,hb m 'HCX' he i, c()n,,;dcr<d ., a
li"d of C bri,tiall 'Cllo.,i,,', iD "" lIIuc h Gn<wirurn ;" roga"bl ""
an '~"lt<"". H eUe";,_,,io'" ofCbri";,,n;.,.. To d<,, 1 ,,';,10 ,h i< (I"",,ioo
ill gcncF.J is 1><)",><1 m~ ""op' "' ';"'" m) ";rn he'" i, 10 "",,"'-I'
"POll
Orige1l-' COII':;.".;()" of "",at;"" and ,ime. Thi. crlticwn. llO"'-",'eT.
in it> ,-"rio,,,
degree> of lII()d,r;uiou or eX1rclUi.y. will Ix- ""u>i<lcrcd
in a. ,,,uch "" it i, rcbtcd to "-'pCCI> of hi. (holl,,411 1><I1~iuillg to
mJ' "'pie.
Tll<! bj"bplace of Orige'" :\Jexolldria. ,,',," ,,-here ~ ,,,",,1><-,
of
(~fl"",nl ,''',"IM "f .h QIIglu ('0 ''''"'11,,<1 . C",dHcll""'>1ic o<hoo\o.
I khrc,,", Cl'';'li"". and cXI~",cll'" of ""~)U, orlcnL'll cull> ell"""'"
..red each "'her. all ,h l! at a .i",,, ,,'beb (he Rom~n P~np;", ,",'""
in a poworli,l period "fiu hi""r)". Conlm.-,,"';C'. <1;"1"" '" oync",,;"m.
ede.-'',ciom. "Jk"'-c<l th. Ilm,ri,hu'l! of ",10"01, of lllO,,,,;h, ,,,ch as , he
Jud.co>- Uellmi"ic ,hnugh' a"d C"O>lid.m in a Chri"i,o" ganncm ,
Urigcn f""",1 lu,",,,,lf iu ,be lO ud" of ,hi. ,-,,,iety of n::~gi"u,. phil".
""V hiod "nd exi.!'eb,iaJ ""ilu,le.. h i. ,h'felOn' >ignition" I<} con
.ider ,h;,; f~tnou' C ...." k ~.ek;,:m""'i "' hieh .1I'l1",II) i"HU'-IH'..d him
p",fow,dly <0 " degree regard.,i '" "" u" lurgi"ahk d,,;"tion from
'hc C hrist"''' "ntk>do~-. ,\ .""-c) ,h,,, 'If ,hc ,,,,,iou, <o""'<I',i,-""
of ,imc pm:roi,,)[ Orig<nstM'Hki by all mOllH' be ca";"'! "u'- Followillg
,It;.. "'" migb, be able 10 ju,lg.: "11<,10,, h< fom, 1 hi' <o"""P,ioo
of ti",,' u" deT ,I."u,n"e"e~ of. or ill co",,..,, lOo hi, t"",kgouu"d o r
co,,,<ml~"~Jy c",;",,,,n,,,'_ Such ".",~,,). I}(co""" all 'he mofe "<'C'
""''Y si""," hi.! "-'-;'; "1(' , tk'" ,h~, h,- '''IS ,,-d l.''''''ft'
of the ,,,no,,,
mean" ,,(,h ough, cO'''-''rgiHg i" " 1=:>",1"". ]),o.>pi'e ,h.
eo,, 'f'("-~r-.y
"'n-<"" ",di"g hi> , h""Sh,. hi. ermtitiOl' ba. ,,~= been '1"OO"ro.
Ou ,h~ COOlt"')'. ~,;, k" one" be," rega"led '" l>h crime .;"eT i,
i, 'u>l~ i ""d ,h., hi. l'ioilo"'l'ioi"al hao;k!!",und ,,~, 'he eau .. fOJ' h im
(0 H.Urni, . Chri"",nitr_
~I"", certainly Orig<n wO> an e",di,~ n"'H , W e 'DO\>. 'h"u~h ,11."

hi, purpO!IC " ... HO' h) ,bow olf lu, eTmli,ion. I"n to edify hi, rc~d
,,,, UT hi> . ' Mlk"e~ . c.,,,,,i,,)y he "'.. a copoo, ..Tiler. ranking anlOng
,he mos' prolifoc "'ri,,-,s of 'hc C h",d, ,-,'cr '0 appear. The 'Iu.", io".
h""".-cr, i, lioi~ W"' il a m'Her of koww Thi, ;, ' he crit ;';al
que,uo", which hrins> to the cor<' of I,i, pr",up"",i,io,,, of ",)ncep'
,ion of ,ime , I" ,,,,In- to :u"wer Il,i, 'lu"",ion i, ",ill be of ''''''0;(
';gnitic.,nce 10 rob,id"f nol 0,,1), 'he ",-oIUlion of a paflicular plu lo-
""l'hic~1 ,000ion ~~, i, ';""', "=!ioo-'. or "'h~'~',,,). ho , ;oJ", 10 ",ke in",
ac<uun ' ,he profuund <,h angc ..... hid, ..." r~ laking 1'1>. a' ,he tim"_

L'<'ROIlUC'IIO';
' I ho "J"'Ch ill .. hid, Origo l1 was bom IB5 ,\_D,) i. " period ill
which mrlical I",rnfonnn,ioo w 1l 00Icr w.r. h was DU' " ' I"oo<,ioll
of employing Ihis or that philo.ophir,,1 "pini,m . h " ',, some,ltlt' g
mon: ' horough. 010 ... "'W'm, and mo ... drAma,ic: " profO"nd , ami
110"",h.1o" I~'i"f"l chmigt of a;"/ntrW .,Iiiwk ;, ,h. main d,"mcl~'
i>,ie of 'he era. The ",on: people ""'" coming iu ",,,,act with ,b.
""rio,,, pbik""phi",,1 ' p'e1ll' , the mo", 'her ,calizcd ,h", phil<>>-
ph)' ,,"" ,u.able I<} fi!lfu ito 0 ... " "'It~inlpo"--<l L~sk; ,hal io, 10 oHer
1'''''1'10 Ihe de.,,,,r l lJo,,'lcdgo' of ,,,,,h, ,hru"gh " 'hieh 'hq " .... ".ld
,,,ach linue ami bli ... So;ie",ific I:"o"'k<igo lal",,,d)" la.-gd)" un'k ....
mill1 by So;cpti ci>,u uo longer befie>-ed tha, it 1IO>!OO...:J the ,ruth .
I" the S,oic ",,,,mhl;e< ,h .n: "'as~ ,, ;<k~ ,,'Itich wa, commnd) gam.
iug gro", ,,I: the), ",,,lized ..",I admi,,",1 that it ""M ;"'po"ihl. for
""Y hum"" I",iog w m~"'ri"L<e lh eir idc..t of ,he ,,-i.., m"". "'''ich
th e Swic I'h ;lo~'l'hy h.d ck~'I) ""d 1"'''';'lCml)' 1"''1r.)"<d_ I',,~n all
th e 'luarteD, ;" all "ream. "f thollgh., ;1 had '>(1< e,;,le"t I h ~t
R h<"nab 1,.;ng canu'" AMw the reali,y "f thing> thrO\lgl' hi' """n
,n""""m~b1. Sub"-~l"cml~. no m~" 'o,dd . ,,,,io '0 ';'--'u' ~ "d h.p.
pine .. if "" ,-"li<'<.I exclu,;,,"I), uti hi> 0"'" ability , l' e0l'le " 'ere L";ng
under ,10,- Rum~" Empi", ;n "'hid ",,,,;"1 ine'l",J itic. wc", "" war'
,la)' expcrir"cr; Ihey "'-"'" <=ill g ,,11 the g(~.ru of ean h Mo,nod ,hem
""d Y" not belonging to ,h,m. Ha,;ng ,'-' ""I'" ,,;,h 'he exigt:ncie.
of ,laiJy bf~. ,he) "-"1"1: fa<~d ,,-it h ,he ;nekn",,""Y of t>Olb p01;tic,,1
.. ality ""d phil",,,phy. They fclt em ,, " .. d ;n a "...".Id " hol"l: toeither
th < i""itutivnal f'am""",k of the Rom." Empi,, '''''imated b) ",:.I
p<op10 ill ",<.-,-da)" life, " or ..,ionc". "0' phil"",ph)' could p,o"id<
th e ,ol;tce .0 eamcstl)' lortg"l foT. '11101'<" w .. tll e"'fu", nn ;ne"'''''_
;"g eh:" 'gt: of ;nte""" from ~,; , ,,-orlo:l ,,-,ward, a l,..u"," One. Aller
th o <"' I"'" of ,"an) "entu rk,. 1"""1'1, (",,,,d ,h,-m,el\-<, agai " f'lled
,,;,h 1'"'&on,,I<' d"";,,, r,,, 'h~ >I' I,..rna,,,,.1. a lounge' fi" roLgi"".
a p,ofound n<~d fo' ,ok.tWo , .. her ,lo an m"", """,,"'WI:' and ;u
<,)]]tinll 1 'lu'!lId,\ry.'
C;,;li,miob. " 'hieh h ~d al",~dy ginn it> fruits of :\1"1 ami Sei<nce
and J",d exh""stc-<l i,,.,I(, " ',,, I,,''';n!! l<' Kdigio" ~gain _ 'n", qu,." ,
for di><o..-oTing th ~ ",~lit)' of Ihing> ;n a nJI"'n~"u r.'1 '>OI'...,-,'b;bl<
world wa, alread-,- I""';,cd by I'llt" 'lKl Wc A,i>IOIdia" ,uouo,h"i,l11 .
er \\'. W;",I.II""d It It_m, I _I do- G.ridM "' l1oh~, 'ut_ 1,

p, 2"'11".

,
l!.eru!e . the Stoic ethi", h ad ahadr ."al~ "hed i" """n lTa(ii';oll.
All 'ho.c wcre cloIl1O:"''' of n P"'" "ill echoing, '" " peri.x! wbeD
1""",1, ,,'"'''' ori<n,;"1I Ihcrn""lw. I<)"~'''!s mlmotlUi. 1"')"0",1 the """.
,ihk' ""rid, ~ o;o;I""'p,;oo> a11",,,,1>1, no! thruugh the
...,g~m"d
p'''''''''' of in,dle<.tual acl;";1)". bot' ~\" mea", <of "'flatU. (,>11.,<:<1 to
people in 0"" way or a'lOlh<:r.
~ the re'l uircI1lCll1' of >e;ellcc and ~fc COIll'CTgc<l. Sci<ncc "''''ght
!O fUld in ",~gion the "'h"km ", ' he problem.. which had been ' '''''
'alu,ng ;1 for", long lim~. J~r~. on Ihe "dw, halO<!. ,,-as "",,~j''810
[,;,.., ,h" hunger for religi"'" raith Oil a scic mifoc fomodal;" n DC fQnn.
AI<xau<iri" "-<i, 'he c,,"'cr of tlu . .....dio:al hi"",;c,,1 proccd Ll '" alld
,,.,,,,fon,,.1ion of the emire (i ,';~.a,i"". I" the [.i h.."ry 1.\I",",Ubll of
,h;" """'''0I'0I;lan commercial city all (rtU" or lhe f;rtt k ewdi,iou
,,'C,", , ,,,,",,, re,1. l'J:oph' of ~~,.,)' u'it~ on,l origin" "r<' g'"),,,,,.,,
,here
ill omcr tCl fin" a,,,,,,,,., no long<r to K;"nt i f~, 'l"e.,ion . h," ,n 'he
fedillg> alld exi" ent;.1 re<luicc11len,-, wh ich "ut" o\"C"'h<huiogly
I"""il,g th'111. Ther" "~,, of COli"'" ,Iilli:r<n ceo among euhure.
'wn.mlng f"'IlI di,.,.,,",' '1)(ioo. ror IT'''';'' ".,J".,_
S,ill ~,. ' Iue" tur
",1,"";",, ...... ""'01 10 1',,",''';1 as ,to< COO' '' 'O'' 1)lln\U' of ,he", ,lOfh<'"
p<'<J\'k.
Slid "-d, the "";,,),,,u<n' iD ,.-bicl. earl)' Chrl"iani,y ,.-'" <1",'<1.
op;,'!!:, 10 h," btto "'gg<,,<d ' h'" Chri"iaoi,), hu~' 'hc "y" em of i..
0"' 0 doctri,, ", to)" COtn;" !!: to '""'" ,,- i~, th< old philo,ophy.' Ong~o
f"" ",1 him ",If in a I~'rlod in which ,he hi",,'1 'If phil<J><,phy "'-as
", c,,-~,ill gl; i' ne".-o",n ,,-i, ., 11>< hi_<lo')" of dvgma_ T lw Apologi",
("",n S, Paul him",]f h,,1 "had.,- .st"hli,h"d ""n, "Iali.--.n "'t",-..o
Chrl>1iani,y al,,1 phil""'ph)": ,h;' ph<nomeuon ,.-"" to pro<,,1 for
a "e')" Ion~ ';m~. S,ill ' he 'l,,,,,,ion " ',,, DO' 01'" of '''-0 ,lOf~''''n'
"ttcl...... ,ual "orld. coming t" [cm" ,,;,h <,ch o'hc<_ Ra,l..-r. i, "'....,
a pre"'''8 qll..,;" n of how ""..,-do), lif. ,,-.., '0 he cooc,-;,-cd "f.
The rearrange",,,n' of ,. Iu<o ,,-hioh Wlt, introd\lO"! ,,;,h (:),ri,'ianiw
would bc Iiol' CHll to)" pc"" l" "ho h~d b~r-.ll)' hem iuitiatcd in 'he
""'" dogma. In 'he lI"",i~J "" /...u. for jm'allr~. ,,'C Hnd Origeo
add,,,,,,ing hi. ~ ,~!ic"',,- of c'''''d'''men, ~"d .~"lti"g 'humili,{ a. ~
,;''''''. 'n,o "",,",I ''3.1"", <.4",h. ,i",.: . ho"-"''''. <~d <lQ! "pm h"mil
ity '" a ,;rtI>C; i(loed 'he Gree" nncr coo.iderc<] h"mili<r '0 I",
a ,;<1 ue ~t all , the "-,,rcl &>T i, uoc.] iu L"l e 1.-18 , alwlIY' had a
W. Windt""od 11 . 1!<" """,tII, .,. "'- ,'. 2' 7.

" L'<'RO"tJC', ,0';
lleg~t i,-e com><:>la ti o" in "",,,b, Creek : in tern" of rn()n.lil)" it mcant

'hase""",' Or "'ilen'''', oociall)" 'he """d iodic ... ,.! ' lowne,," of I""'i-
,io"', ,\,,<1 ye. Ong<n ,,,',,,'e 10 1"" " "" I",,,,il;,)" as a ,itlu" 10 ""
audi,-ne, of <:<1,.,.10""'0'" "ho ,,,-re no, used (" .hj" ki og "f ;1 ~,
,,,,,h'
'n", "',l r.ciJ'g Un~'C". (h<",forc. ,,'" no. to "'''''I'''''' a 'hrory
of time ~"d a,ld ()n~ ",o,e acco",,' 10 tL~ I'' ''g serie. of ><;C11liflc or
philooophical 1fa,ti,;on whic h "'~<h",1 him. It ... '" 'he (I'gt111 "<,,d
of lh,' period 10.font> a ,;..'" of lim~. "hieh should I.., in n",.. "'i,h
th e Chri";.,, l><r~'1ltiu" of th~ ,",wki and """Id ,."ye to ,h. " 'I""
';lio" cri the ne' T<~gi,)n. Fo, i"dCC(l.hcrc wcr<: >tri"", ""''lI>
rell _
.Iering du, ,1<m",," of tillle
in ;,,.Ie ,,-hieb of n<"<cosi,) ;",-ok... 'I\'~ of hi' docu';"" of "'"aootl.
[ >1,.11 argue ,h.t ' h" '0"'''1'' "f time i, P""""'''' i" 0';1"' '''It're
th eologr"':I /illld;"'I<lItal elo=lII<1\', wbicb was formed i" /i,U :I"cor_
,bn'e "'i'h hi. gm.raJ ]"'''''1)\100 of the world from a Chr; '11",
poil" of , ';e" , .11>;, concep. c..J\c."" <I,. '!Hi",,), of hi' m.-ologic~1
,.",,,~ ""d """"ugh ly h"L" ,, , heta. -n"", 'J~, o"gh ;1 ,,'" " 01 oily
I)llfl~"" 1<) c"I"'u"d the ,..holc of On&<,, ', 'h"Jvg-,. I rC!!"rdcd 1he
"u,~ of ..0,... ",1 a>[>cc" of;, "" all ;11(I;.]>c"",1>1< ]>"'.U)'I",,;,;on for
uD,icr""",ling do<l <~pouT"liug of ,hi. cn,dai fncet of bi. though,.
For. a, ] po',,,e,1 0\01. 110'" " tbi,tker ro"""';'l" of'ime is "" '.~l'''''
,i, .. "",,, if<~"'iQ" of hi, c',,;re 'I",,,gh' , Th" ,,,"ccp'iQ" "a"d, '"
.-1"", ",I;" ioll 10 0"<" .. ",in ' p.... ,<I)oo"' of re.,Ji,) . '" na",,",!. philo-
""phic"1 "nd ' ll~ol"g;cal 1<nn" T h" "ot;Oll' comp";'ing " CO rl" '"
,;"w of tillle make 'ho qui"''''''''Tltc of n phoo.oph)' .."uruJy hutt"'''
"I' ;IS cardinal Te""' , Tbis """"'1", Ib,n:fo<"<". c.",,'o, I", delet>,u"ed
"nI,,,,, w<'y a'I'" c' "f 'his thQug h, " p'ru",d. ~-or Th e 1101",,' of "IIIC
t~"h iktnm""" "lid" ,b"""""" h) ,,11 th e beet< of a """a; n phi]",_
oph)" 01' theolOID or cm1<",;,,1 alt;tude ;n se"""'!.
11", .aeut; t'" J>co<fn of 'he ;!ud)" of Onge" , cOllCe!',;o" of'ime
I.." ;0 ,h. f.~C! ,ha. 'hi' ,,,ay d"d,laTe OIlier crudal aspen, or par_
ticular I~~"'< of h;" ,ltco.>ios). I .h,,1I org"c tha, It''
,i,..... of Time is
th e <kcw,,, me"'''. dll'ough ,..hich Io:m s-,'and, ng m""Oll1prchCtl~OIl
of hi, th ough, cAll I>c diJ1\;'l "~'l.
JI-n>.. .. I..... 8.5: :Ioivo. II-'Ii<. .. /W. 11', J.-ph l",nhMd, W'~""gt<oo,
19%, I" '-I.

[" ""dying thi., I h,,,-e f"n""-,,d <:enain I'rinc il'l", dra ..", from
"
(he c_'pcrlcncc of bow bi. I'o-ork h"" been .,,,,lied or In:atcd hi,h
"no. As " "'.n,' of fa<1 . 'he '''''e of 'he '''' in Origt-o-..l"dje, ~
p.""liar. ,ine. ,h"", is 00 "";,,.,,0.1 CO""-"'''' on ,toe gl'o,,,,d, of
cp;"cm.,!.>g", Th<r~ i, no u rutllimi,y in ,,-1"1 ,hQuld b""'1'1<<:1 3$
rdi.hle "'LlITe; <:i,hcr hi. Greel ",ritillll' or 'he b un 1",,,,,L1tioll'
an:: uph eld"" t n""wort hy br >0111e ",,110""", ,,-hilc oilOO G"",k or
L""n """,am' ar< ,L'I"",,,I to all l",,"il>l< ,jeW"" b) ",h."" \fI..~,
" uncommon in ",h"""-Ioip i< 1Q [,"d pani",,[ ," bc"", of Origo'"''
'h ..... log)" conoid<r"d "-> h","ng ,u,'ti;;pttJ ill due COU'""', a, m>b.u.t with
.ge aJld cxpcrieucc. wLich i. in f.Cl 'he "' 0>1 <:OllU11011 lhiug to hap"
1'<" in an)' ;mdl""",,,1 ,"" ;'-;ry, aU tile bl011: '" in tile 'hough' of"
pioneer, a, a ,;wc wb<,ri"" wa. in ,h. ",akiug.
A I.,'1\'" 1" '" of O ,~,n. ,,'riling. j, p",.t","<hoI(] 1>< ,..,ad ,,ith ta' l1;on, hut cau,ioll "'ithin rea
000 . Ruli)\u, IOm,..!f h .. " 0 h.";,arion '0 ,xplic.,.. tha, b~ ha, t:<~,o
""'le blxrti'" it> ""tKk..u'g O r;g..",, thoug h,. bul ~'e deg"''' of hi,;
u.il"'ti, .. '""rie. frum "",,,k to ...o'k. I "'If~rd hi, pro~'!i"~' ",I;~hlc
"",re< fOT dctcnnining lho doll""" of "'nf~k "cc ,, h;eh ihonld 1><
gi,-al to """it I.",;', ,,,,""ation of ita. C" ..inly." <o"'p"";"'n bttw=u
(; n:" k orW-n'" I"".. ""d tI,,ir ""!',.." ;,,. ,me in L,un , 1,0'" ,],,1 ,he
<liffcn:tlce i, tlOI "I"",)~ j",t lingu i,tic; it i, c"nsidc ... blc. )"t ""1 in
the ",n,, uf foddi,y, h"t he""",, of ~bri(lg.. m"" ... "hio;;h had to ,~k"
pbc~ r,,, "")"lIly l'",ctic.1 """"'l<.
Irt 'hc 1980 .. tiruw'g m)'>c lf in lhc mid" of thc corttruH r' nbout
Ihe ""liahil i,)" of "'u""" .Ioou, Orig<n. I had ",,,k~d '0 ....1) Oil h~
en-"k "~"" 11 ",,,ko, r~thcr , it "1\ ,h,' ,k,r."' od I.. ti" Ir~ t\ ,J . .iull'. An
early "~rsi(H' of thi. tOIMC .,.'" prod 'lC"d on IlL" accoun .. J ",.Ii,oo
though that by f"Uo,,"ulg ,hi. principle in methvdology, I ",lin<juish
"aluah!e >C\idoncr, ,,hicb after ,JI i. "'pl>orti,'>O uf ,igui6cant eorol
la,ie,. 1b ..... the .,.hole qu,,"tion . hould I", <0",;<1"",<1 110' ,impl)'
il) lh, <()I'''..'' of I'llilological .nal)"i, \,."hid, ~U).,.... ) is " <bIt;""I,
11111 t" carry oUl; i, prm;,t!e. unrcliaLle <: . 1>10 to '111'1" '" fmu r<"'Olutiol", r.
L\I' 011 more g<""",d cu" ,idcmlio"-, , ,,>Ill< of whie b I , b,,][ onl)'
>1<1<h, a mon: all"",h" ' '''<I)' of Rufi",,,,'. pn:t:,.",. and ptrol.,tio",;
"",,",,,,,,, ,,, of 'he hi''''ncal "'"O'g ofJ ""i,cia,,, Cf'"~ and. "l<.dflC~ JI).
hi, <nor",lit)" '" . " em pcror and hi, ,h"ulogic.1 "'I,i.. ,;.,,,,, rdl.,,'ion

L'<'RO"tJC', ,0';
on Jomme <Ut Iwm;"'m, on hi, OIHall di,po';'i!)11 ,",,...an. Origt'"

o.ud hi ni'mlc ",,,-:u-ili 'he COntro,.., ..,}" 0,,,, him; anen,ioD '0 h<-
paid '0 l""omOtt;.. ,,,ch a' ,ha, or l'a'''phUu. "'Iueh,, co"'e,ledl.
uf Pho'i",. of P"....opiu, of G..... or .John of 1)"ma..-",; also uf
,."imony o<a=-I.,. "'~e n a. ,e,;o"~r
... 'h... ,,r SOCT>1CO ,be hi"On.1Tl.
a. it , hould in ""hol.,"""il', . "ch
J am 110"" "" islic:d ,ha' La,in ,ram.!;,,;':'n. ,h""ld he ,'lI(ti",1 ,U'ell

,i,..,I),. bearing in "'i",l. ho",.,-er, th'" 'here;" DO ,ueh thing . " ch
a, 'he l>I"nke, 110';0" 'I.din ,,..,,,laOO,,': E...ch 1..:o.';Il rendo "i"lI "pi.O"
i. a dilkrent (a., and ol,u,,]rl be .. udi1 and rdied "pon on ito 01>""
mcri". I II all) n"Cllt. 'hey ""ko up to'" import.1l1t 3 """ . '0 bc left
0" , of con,',leranon.
I "ill I)C~",-c. 10 011''-"''''. tha, I";", i. n e~"qion al ca.. "f i" ",,"n
""d .I\OUId t,.. >l"d;t~1 ami ,,"-'" 0" Sro" o<is '1,,;1" o:bJfC,",'" from "n
..,ther <x,,,,,, "wh It i, ''')1 ju", a '1"",'iol) "f It"fin", >ni,;ng '0
,,,,,i,l ",i,u ndrr>,a tl<Engo. or '0 comply ,,;,It ,,-ha' ",l> r<gardcd a.
orthe><koxy" a, 10 .. time: neith .... i; i, h;" I><;"g ra,her ioquaciou>. in
b;" " n<k~\"ou" '0 p,."d"", ' ~tl ;n"'1' ..... '.tiO!) or com""''''ary """W"
,b a" a m',.... lratIsl,,,;.,,, ;0 " I""g\"'g<' I~.. pol;" ht~1 ,,,,,I less ,,d,,';
c~1 "lid i"'ked b ..... phi"ic.u:d_ The mo;' cri,i(ol ""it" i, ,h~ l
]{"fiUlI> hi",,..Jf b",l "'~ C<Hl'J>rc]\(" ,~lcd priJl(:ir'~1 ';<ed' of ,bi. thOughl,
,uch .. Origtn. concqnion "f ,ime. 1<:, al""e h.. c<cbatolog)". Th ,, '
h,. Q",wri regard",i ,he ,,,,k of ""l)sI", ;oO as (00 i",n""",. ,,'hil,' ,he
re'l"i,. ,, """ ";mpl; a pl.i" I'<rbati'" I'1; "dcrillg "f ' he Cf'wk 'ext
in I..,'in _ Th", IlC did "01 .tlOl.ai" hu m it\lc'l~Ja'ing ",.1"" hc "",
a, hi. ""' n ,'mellda,ion. of I h ~ G",d ,~.~t.
It i, rcg.-~ttnh lc ,h." a lthougb ,l,i, i. dedan:'l M n free rcu<1er
it'g, cb;"" al>ou' O rig<'''', ,bough, "W' mado.: I>"e" mau,l)" on th;,
"'''. The I..,'in ro-m,kring nf I'ritt; i, indcc,1 '''' o""w)ding mOt''''
mell' "f .IIch an ""fon"'L>I, "ppn~,d,-
I " ,h;" "" ,here are poim, ~ntcia"r inl'o""i ng ,he conc",,,ion nf
,i tue; ),0' ' hc)" "PIICar ' 0 tIC 're~,ed ,,;,1. ,,"or Lt u""-.re,,e", of their
Tltomen!o,", 'igllif\C~"ce. So",e =''''ple' tr.,qu,,,,l), "wearing in thi'
""1><~"1 ~,... ,I,, "0';0" uf Gorl'.; Iwing i" rela,ion IQ ,i m~: , I". ,.,[".
'io" of ,It< 1><l'OOn, of Tri ni,), ",,'WCe l\ ,hem,d,'.o>; a"rl Goo", rcla.
,i Oll (0 the world . TcrUl' ,,,cb,,, 'heli)re", 'woc', 'e~ rl ict- .. '13'or',
'yoLt ugcr_ 'oldd, .ppli",1 ' 0 ,b"", " , I~ocl>. >CCtu ' 0 [,.. ,,;cd ,,;, h no
an,mi"","" '0 th eir ;j!,~tif""' """. For e~anopl(', 'he,", "'" I",,,,om
'lI<"h "" , h;s: - .. . IQ 1"'''''1\1 ~t)"o,," from 'hinking ",., ' he ,;rl" of
Almighty ",,101111'<1 '0 God iofor. the bi"h of ,,;,,'~)m" ,]",," 'gh ,,"hid,

h< ;" call~d
ho ller, _ or: "_ , . ,he ,itlc of Almigtl1r C~lI nol be olMf
"
in God ,htw 'hn' of P.,h. for;1 ;, th rough thc Sou that the Fat her
' ", ',ob\',,,,,,. ,.
" .' un'g ";' ... .
It i, ,hal1h,' "nn. 'bocrorc' .nd 'older' j ml~~ ~ ki",1 of
'Cml"",,1 ""'1"< " 00 or <cmporal prioritr. ~'u nhc,- ' h en: aIT ~.p", .
>;i,,,,,
.uch "" 'the world . .' , I"'ga ll to cxi" (jj a ibfiN' Iimr.'" God
did not ex;>! ~,<loIII ,"
Th.re ;, aoo rere"'nce '0
'cella;n aB'" of peri<>:1o of 'ime ... ,luring
"hieh Ihe "utld' ",iglu ,K" ex;'" . in orde' ", "'jC"C1 'he id". ,h",
,he ... ,,-"'" "g<> "" I",riod.' "h<11 God ,,-., ''''' a lmigh 'y alld. )im c
when he b<gall t() h~,-<: ",c''' Ll re;'.'' ,\1.0, '",i ,doln is "",iruli.,g."
VI h.",,,, , be ",,,hor w"mkn ",'htlllcr ,h .", ",ill lOver be " ,ime " 'beo
(here will be DO world ''''rw ilere, or if 'h ere "';er ...,l> a .ime "beu
,he .... ",-as no "'od d al aW."
Exp'''''';o"" " f thi, ki",1 ",,~m to impl)" ,h"t time i"df i, .... m~,
'hillg ,aken ~" ~.,...w'oo<L a. a Ill .ner of f.~c' th~' " Jgg<>' ,I"'t ,i me
io no, lIJJ;m ;"/1> ""fflUIj " ' .'ill. Thio ,ir"~Ii>'i<: "' "''''''' iu which ' he
'I uestio" of time -"Xm, 00 I.., 1",~\C'd i" a... I... ti" ",,,,kr;rtg of 1+iN:
U\.!"'.,,., ,b a, lime i, "Wli<'d '0 (";",1 ,hou!"hllcssJy. "'i,ho\l ' ao) ,,'n ,
0'" ev" ,idera'''''' of ,h< "'hok 'l\l(~t ".)t'-
'I"he ""ne hapl"' ''' ",;,h 'lK- no,ioll of el<m i,)". h i, ,'a'e,1 11""
",be te"" a..unliRt or <1mI6I properly del1Ote< ' hi> which had nO
bo'gi",' u'g or exi",'.-.:e ,,,,d ca" ne,'cr cc,,'" '0 b<: ~ h~ l ;, ;, .. . Hi>
,.;i,,~,,~ ,hc,~f,)n- i, an (utkuti"l: bf i gh' ''~", ""'"ring ctcrruoU, " ,"
,\],ho"gh th ,,, i, Il,< addition:.1 dau,," 'ye' ''',' i" tim,". ,h< phr~ ..
'''lW'''' tha, ' he So,, ', "',",,'<nli'l' '0 the Fa,II,', i. '"Id.-"t,~>rl hy
pi.cing the So ,, ', binh b.d to 'he inGnit< 1empor..J I""' .
I'o;uts ,uc h OS , hc"" """J
to i"dk" ,c tha' "'<\ p<><:.1 no,;",", are
,,,.,,,,,(! "",h '''''''''''C''C,"" of thci' mIC;"1 impl'catio"" '~";I' ",h,'n
,11",,' "'~ "nrib"",,1 10 oh .. di,;"o hoing. 10 ;. "0' difli.:lJlt to find '1" ;0<
n" mboo, of "; mib, I'a ....g',. ill l 'Mr "'her< ,ompor.tI " ""oIl> are
""",I iu "" a" ' ""ml "",,,nCT. ' Il,e fn:tlue ll<"y or ",ch 'cm" i> mikillg.
~ I"",,, 1.2.9
I"",,,. I.Prtf 7; 111 .5. 1.
I "",,,. I.U.
" 1,,*, 1.2.10.
" I"",,,. 1.2. 11
" "'""'. 11.1. 1.
~ 1\-00<, 1.2.1 1,

L'<'RO"tJC', ,0';
p" ... iC\lI,rly for ..,mc<.>,, " wh" al'I"".ch<> thi, ,",wk with ,h~ in'o n_
'; 0" '0 ",,<iy ,be ",,,,ccP' of ,ime.
h "'oukl bl" ,,'" u"<xp"c~d ,h"" ifsomoo"" eondo<k.l tha, O rige"
''~"i<lt: .. ,i,ne .. an "nqu""io,,:;blc da,um ~'lrih"'''rl ~J,,, '" Go,h
life. H"""",,,,. I in,. ",1 '0 "'gt,~ tha, ,,'d\ a claim cau b< j u"if",d
and groUll <ic,1. ' 0 a .... in "",e1ll. o,~)' U, ,lte "''''m cl: ' he "",I).
l><:ulg o )11 eo"',,,'e,1 Ul the i..tiu re",lt- ring of It;..:, h pre";"", . " clt
'" )',,' no, ;n ,im, arc ,,<wall)" Origeu,; Y'" !b"y are alm"" loo,
anrl ""gkC't~1 i,,(o ,h., Uood of it"f,,,,,,, arl>itrat) aud "" ,1>00;,:)'"
f"l " .. of ""fi, ICmp<.>r.1 n<.>tio,,, and ,,,nninol<.>g).
nll. uo'""i!b,,,u~ful K itufillu, couhl Hot Itelp no( 'rdu>b,ing ou<
or ,,,'0 P"''''!l<'' "'bere God', ",,,,,,,,,,,Ien<,, ;" re'I"'" of ,ime i.
dea,ly e,"" ncim",!." It ;, trlte , ha' in ,;'''" of !be I,,, .gth and ,he
inlp<.>rtall<l" of a ,,or!< .. ,rh a. I""", Ibe roim ,,h,'re G",r , tran,
""."<1<,,,,,, '" lim" i, " 'plic"""j ""old h~ rather LU\'rt,,,,,"(}rth). ""me-
th ing like '~l e "'OTO iut<'l)()la.io" It,. Kufinu, . On 'he face " fit. ' L!ch
R ""I';<io1l "'(I,,ld I", uo, "nj llllir.:I o,,<:e . lte " udy" <"nfuted mainly
UHO 1'riII<. For ,he... ,,,,,,,memo ~" , <00 "'~= Ul a ,ul"mi"o", ,,o,k
of fo", tJooh. co" '!,a,,,,1 to th< "xt<t.. i,~ u,alle"(i,,,, ",... of lempo,
r~1 no,i,m" ,,'here ' ime 'ppea" to l>c "nqL!c"~"'.ltl r """rih.."<i c'e"
to (Itr di'; Ile tife . If th e", is " mi".l< . ,h i. is not ,h< ill credihili'J"
which c""ld b" "ttri b" ,ed ,,, (h" onc or ' v", P"'~ of l'rint, which
I'ro'~ ,loa' it i. nO, qui,, tb" ca"". 11", m;"ake he< si"'l~) in ,he
faCl tha, ,It~ '\lodr of thi, qu."i"" fvc",",' in ,hi, ..wk, as In )' <lis'
,u,,;on ill (hi. book ,haU ,huw. F"r (hi, "",t co",~in. c","<adiCl io"',
wh ich ha,'r I<d (0 ",','ml<"" ,,,d, a. ,I"" -",",>,thinp; cO 'H"iu~d iu
Iti, 1<,;",: It . . .1", it> ~nt i !b.,.i, i" (h" ,a"l< ,,ork'. " Soruc of ,hCj("
co",,,,,dirliobS ,,;11 I~ l)()i",,,d "u, ;" '" ,"uch ,,' (h"l' ",.... ,....1.>11 to
my ,,,pie. ,\, " m"tte< of f~,t . i, ,,'ill l>i. "Mini)" l)()u,,,, ."d. a, (he>c,
,o 'Hr..."",1 ,,;,It O rigeu'. eon';,,,,,"1 (hrough""( hi. "';'i,,I>' ill G""k,
which ,,'ill "weal ,he du"aging ""tri<, of Kufin". and th e " ntro,'-
wort hine .. of hi. I" ti " tm".b,io" of Itw,
The I"", "")" ,,, groo.,,,d !D)" ",,...,,io,,, ,h" ... fore i, <0 corrobomte
them ,hr""gh " 'ritinl!" 1''''..,,,....
i in d.., G ..... k ori~~'",l'''''' cottli""iu)(
th em by appe.1 '0 t.ali ll ,~X". T h,,, I do n()1 <01"1>"'" .imply hI>,

,,-hich ;" not all too ea.)", ojn"" ther. ae< not.., many paraUd. in
bOIh G "ek and l.atin: "" her. I <0111 1""00 idm, found h." "nd tb ere.
Although ;u,tbeotir """'s of Ong<'" (~" h" fO\,,,,1 '" th~ origu,,,1
C"'('k ""~t , ,I", sam,' may ,,-dl h.ppen in du' [.:,t'" "".""', , H"nee
'he [.aI,,, ''''';0'' .honk! be ,ak"" in'o """o" nt, ",ith ,ca", ,, abl< h,,'
u'" c""I;ger.'l'e,1 c"u,ion . ,\n opiu;o" iu I... ,;n "hould be "'W<rded
., ,I ...~u!<k au,hem", not only once ,hi, CMl he C{)rrul~)r.'I'c,1 by "
r;",d '''''t , bu, "I.., ,,'hen , h;' r,,, nea,I)' "i,h Origen'. ",'<mU ;d.",.
Thi, p,ueed u", ha.< p",,,,d I"'rtic"l.r1) u""t;,1 ;n inle'l'n1ing l'Oin"
of [.a I'" ,c,...;o n., . inee in wm" of ,h<m \1"" ,,-~coUcnco in 1'M<1 'he
pe"picui,y of 'he G,eek lex' h'" 1""' 01 dd<Ti"""ly oh>curro.
Su l"',quentl)', i, i, ",';,Ieht ,ba, thi' kin,1 of ",:arrh pre."pl""'"
'he ' ''''1)" of ,h. em;",,)" of Origen'. 'l'ri,i ng', The rta.on ;. lIw
'inee I,, did nOl (0001'0'" ~n od /w( uc.u.e ott time. hut.Jimt>d a
coo",..,11io " of it ",hid, wlde,li,"", ami imb"". hi. ~"'in; Ih,"JIogo,', i,
",,,uld be u".cccp'a!>le '0 """look an)" pan of hI, ,.-o,k , Ile.i<b.
,h;' i, a wa)' of '-""l'''''''ng ;n pmct",e Ill)' ohj"";ou ' 0 Ihe pmc,;".
of rnak;t\g ci;Om'l on ~te t""" ,It"...
of 1"'0 0' lr",,\o.e,- nOI to me"
hO" ;chol"" of old ,itOd ,,'ho "'tj(hc~1 PriN ai, no>, ,xcl,,';'..!y.
It ;, m)" ,;~". (",hk')' ,,'ill be <li",,,,",,,'[ .ud P'''''"'' ~g.i" ~ nd alf~in
p",,,,,tl.,.1 ,ha( ",I~" we h.," ;, a o.)mp;[.";'''' which !lll",l~ be 'ale"
.. an """ illary ' our" u,Ihf'"W ;n ' he ligh' of all Origeni,tic CO!]""
IG,,-.ek .",1 L"ti,,) ,.,), 110"" beutg I'"' ;"'0 " ,," in onl<-r '0 IJI~
pm O, il'n , or p''''' i,k ""u"d co ttcl,,'ion' .bo"t hi, ,h,..log)". fro..:
,ho,~d not I~' "'g""kd as c'{)n,c,",on,' fo' dc l,'n"i " i n~ O ri!{\'n',
idea., Siuce the C\,~<"er W I.. eoU",,d fmm f~i"" ;,. meagre a lld
tanta[izingly inrondu"ill: . wc ,ho"ld nO' COncerT' oo.-.ell-". m,<mlUcb
,,-;,1, critiri,,)\ has",,! 00 (h" ,,' ",.,"',,"0'1)' )" rc,,,kring. ",,), i" g:'p'
ti ll<'d " 'i'h hi""",1 ,'a<Cmnll' h,,"'k ,,, 'he "I e~a"dri.n , S"ch .n
in!]lT"<,a'i"u ;,. a 'ask ",hid, "ill ",a i" <0 b. fulflll.d.
[ ha ... 'aXe " in'o aecou ,, ' number of odi,io", of Ihi. , ,,,,,,,
I'. Koc"",h.u', cdj';ou. the Engfuh 1ramla'k)1l ofn. a. wcU 'he 1'Il"ncb
..Ii,ia" h)" H. eroUte! and ~ I . Simo"eui. K""""hau 'I"ite arhi ,rar
;1)" i",c'l'ojatc,1 no<" of a",l>o" ,,,lose'IU"'" 10 Origcn mo.' of ,hem
h",til.: ,0 him, Thi, .:di,o' ["", ;]\0"" an e"" .,i,,, facili'y in emplo").
ing all)'lo"d ofine>pO,,,ihl< (aud I'rob.'Illl)" TIIa~cio", Cri';rulD '!f<\ll'"
Origcll_ ilKO'1~)rdt; ll g i, imo tb, ,<x, "I' I'M<, p,<><rltiug ;1 "-' \ ,iew,
of Origo:n', "Iuch are nUcgo:di)' 'm~ "g gap. of 'he Lati" to"'",la,iob
of 1t"li"u,. 'Il,;, ediuon '" ""U '" cI;,hns of ,he b'gji,h l r~"slalor
G_W_ 1I""<"'"nh, "ho nQt onl)" promptly con,,,,,,< t" K""t>ch. n'.

L'<'RO"tJC', ,0';
tactic., bIt' al,., m.kc, Iti, ",,'n con'rib'OIion '0 ,imi],,, .lkga'iOJl'
i; opc n '0 IC>l:I'C criliei ... " , ,..loc h I did uot biJ to ' '' ttrtOilL Thi .
b~. h""" don~, to a o:,.,~;" """n" "'i,h po;,," of tbe r ""'cb ~<:>in1-' "hich .h""ld 001 be H, ""ho,"
comment. nut I ,,,,,cited " po" ,hi, problem only in a, m'k,h "" ,hi,
i; rda'ed to my ,opie. I lea,,, for the f,uure " "'ore dc,ailed .. tco" " t
of my com",cnts 0" ,hi, edi'~)Il , ,\t '")' Me, 'ill cdi'io" of}'rim: clu_
c;,\.>oed "nd commeo,ed in 'he ligh, of,~ m~"!'I of Orig<-n', ~ u thc",
tic ,'k.",,-, "o"ld I... ""loom. in """ EngIi5l)'>j..."kiog "orld, IU ",!:"m.
I'rim: ill getk,,,,I , I hal'< ".. d i, ,-,nl)" 'IS a" ""will.r)" ,o,,,cc , a, ""t
hi!,~tl)" prc<AlriO L " . f"lI of OOll lr.'ldiction. Iduc '0 lI.ufinu" ill 'c'pob_
,iom ,,,,d. a, :on)' "''', .. a 'ou"" of contusion ,.,her than d"c;,
,btion of ab)' "-'pctt of Orig~n', tbougttt. unb. thi ' ;s ton'pMed
"ill' ",h,'.n, C ......,k. and "0""<1,"",,," Lati)). portio"" h "ill in ~n)"
C"'" h" u",,'i.. ,'-' put loo S"'.' a ""'" Oil ,Ik' " -",,,I, "hid, Ruf"""
""" on tun< ",, or Ong.,n, 1 ru" a1" to "'''''-1''the "",he",
tieit}' of th. S.""'in ,. Arxxa!.rpsi> , 1\I,b(Ougb i, h", to.,.,o ;u};\,,'d 'h~ t
ll"'<e i. 0\0 ,e<liooou)" 010", b<' ewr ,,'ro,e "n) C01"","n, ;n , h e
AJ>OC"ln>;i,, " cer",i" phil o~>gic~ 1 .",1 linguistic con,;derAti"n, ....., m
to> mc 10 '"lW''' the (1'1'",i,< , I I'O>;'J~"'< <bl~>r"tjOll 011 ch;, IlOint
llutil nex' work of noi"e . illCC ill thi' tIT"';'" tbi, ]lO;u, pia).. no
(I""jsi,'" ...,1<,. I\> br as ,,')' 'opic ;s ro,,,,.. ,,,,-d, of "' I"" ;, ""le,1 in
th ., wor' , he", i, nothing to ~PI",al to, or '0 d;"pUlC_ 11,,,,"w,,r, ,I><
fact ,Iw in ~II hi, "ri,;,,!(\<, from ,b,' ,'arly ,...,"'JoIm "ri,,,,,, i"
Ak.a"dria in 218 to Gb "'ri""" in c..san-a ill 243)'''' th,,~ is ,to
rcttrtn: 10 ,h.t work i; no real ",;dent< of nou ,.u,itcu,iei,)". in
\ic,,' of th. "ast J,,,)k of I"" (';,..,...k "'ri,u,!\,.
'n,c,,' ~'" I'aniwlar ",...,t". which ",,,dc. th e ""d)' of Ori~,-''-.
OWII ,,',mt. u"ful 11,' 1",,1 "<ry gt"xl con-un .IKI of G rk alld "'
,-er,' ",n'pu]OI1> ill ' he "." of ""Cl)' "'om_ A, r<g>rd. bngomg<, I><
,uldcctc,1 ",riJ~urnJ 1''''''''''''' '0 '"ClieU]''''' -;enotiu)" I'CT}' oficu .Pfl<al-
i o~ to ,h. et)"olol<>g)' of a wom and o/Ii:ring lut;,1 "n:ol)'ticaJ excge,
,,'s. to, u,ing ~ "-o,d, he "., al".)~ .".". "f ;1, g,~mm"'k.1.
-, Cf_ HQI'. 9 , Po 71), n_ 2,

1'", <btin$. 0( o.;,.;.n, ",,,,t, It ..... Orv/Iot " t.jw....... ~
. ~to,!,-*ri<e
.. Im. 10<, ";. I....., 19:.o!. 1'1'- ;0 I; ..., .. AduIf ''''' 11."...."-
I';' a......Iop
." ~"'" 1_ _ h, f;.,.iW, ''' ~ .n... 1\11)" 1'1' V $' ,

philO>Of>hical aJl(1 thwlogical implic", ;",... In hi. Commo n"' ..... ()n
"
'he Epi,clco of I'aul. he oftell gtJC" . , far"" to ,10 wh.~t he talb
,;~o."<"'"'';;o''' f~v fp<E"". (0 ,.,,'IIore ,h e phrase , T h", ~. (0 ...,.
d... lh,- ''''' il) C{ltw<:\ Greek. although I... r"n";l~; (,nd, , he Epik.
COIlso"alll in aU 'heir part. all d p ro,;dillg all ,, ""rTInK gra'l' of the
p UlOn of ,c>-cb,ion. 'n,., Origcu i. ""ul'"lo,", in treating I:mguagt
;, "0' jus, ." """"'I~i()1I dr.".." frolll 'he >!lId)' of h;, 'exI>. It i. he
hi",,,lf ,,-ho arg"e' for (he ,;goilican of the <O""Cl ;",crp,.",,,,;oo
as " -cU as d... prupc, '''ie of Lh,' C""k I"',!;uage, ,,,,,id, ho' highl)'
rup'''''cd f",
it> ck~Il<'. alld "~I' ... o.;iQl\.1 f'01<n ti"F' """" in ;"
.Jigh'' detail> and "uanco.; th.1 i., pOllderin!l" "1~)1l ,,-er,. ,""gl,
word in order 10 "'ring j", ,I"""", ,"gnifitan"e. To "nde"'"~n(1 Orig~n'.
"""h"d on th~ f'Oim, "'r .hoo kl =a11 the practice ofa"tiem rh,toric:
tloOM: "ho o",die,1 ,1 ...1Oric io 'I.... ~'\e<'" ,""orld ,,'cn' t~luc~,,'d ~t>d
trained to .n.1.,.,., a ,,," word 1' wo,,!. u,,,i] ",'er)" I~""i~]~ "nu";,,n
ami n-.:,,' co"cci,.hl, ,d;"~""loil' of C\"Cri word had heen dmwu
0", of i,. H= th,,, ;, n .aml"" of 1';, >!r<:n uOl" a<J,.ocacy IOr reli,,
iwu, p"..,ision:
At~1 k, .")U'''' !woo. ,b,. it i. ""IKlNa.ie to or,,,,1 pr",."I) """) p roI~
I<m. be i, nlO,,1I "r ,c;,"~.J "e , "'~.J. un ....... u", ,."", " id'
,he;,- ""'",---. 'e "".. ,;"g ."d d<pi<" ,10, IogH:a.I .;g";Ji.;a,;',,, i" <10", "'0)'.
It i, n'" [,,",,c to 1QIk.w ,]" "'"""""')' of 11 ... .is',ifoc,,",,, .,td to I"""
ckr UPOll ;1 p. inotaluogl), fu< ""'''' ar< ,""", ,",IK", ~'e commit ",ri
0"' n,;,,,,k,,, bee ..... off.ili"l! 10 d"",,"p loo""",,),",, "~."O""i"",,~
tU> .,.,,...,,,,ia<;j ,
'1o<, 1 ~ ... mi.u ... of 'IK t,,,,"'. ~!<,--,] '''''U\;''I:',nd <M
......... i",rio"".... II'c h."e ~-OO .11 1hc><, in ord<r '0 .h.", th., ~" ,
" ..", " id, "'" to h, noi,..,lcn in w,dcr>Wo:li"S ,he di,i,,,, Scrif""'''',
lod<"e tbot it i, u,,<fly <><=..uy to be ~,,<"t;,'< 10 and .""re of th<
Iogk- of Lbe Ten", ,,~xL'"
hpliei' ,ta,e"",n,. .ueh .. ,h;'" a, w,U a. hi. '''e and <'plan",ioD

of uua",,,, of the Gru. L-wg,,:.gc, c""'';'''',, 1L"t he Irnow. 1hi> la,,
guagt: i" dcp,h. Origc u appruache' tl", \~blicall<X! iu wa)" "''''icedl)"
d,(I<:,..,,,, rrotl1 ",od"", ""<1:"';': modern n::"ler< focu> 00 1he ""'"
trll.--., 0' ,he perX:o!>< '" (he unit of undel'Sl-andi"g; On!:,'n, h~ co'"
tra" .,.kc. CI'Cf"j' single "wd .. lh< 'mit of ""d.,,-.,allding 1he P"'l,.,,-t
of the tli,;"" teX! , He ~"um'" tha, ,,0 wo,d in tho Stripture. ;, idl~.
" ~, 20, XXII; ~ ;0]", - . ; . ; . . 1, 11.

" .--('''', ~ ."""",. "" C",n. l .lW}, t'G .t2-l!9; "'" ..,..., .. I~r;., I', ~.

L'<'RO"tJC', ,0';
Uc ;, al,,-ay. ali"e '0 'he ~'CI ,h"t tbe manll er in "'hidl he tTC"t>
lang>Jag<: .bo" I,1 !<:,,-~ 10 On aCC" ",'e e~I"";tioTl "",I he i, higftly
1><"'IJie""iou, in I';, remarh Gi,,,,, h" ,,;,u'~~n .. abo\" tb< ' po:at>Ce
uf I;Ilgui"jc ... ru'in~ .nd ""wra~. i, ;, rea,onable ,,, C~I""'I ,I""
th e >1 "d)" of hi; wri'i nl'-' I,,~,."wd in Gred; """ pro" id< hi. real
th col ogic~1 ,~-. "ulhori,a,j,dy. Wc 0.1", ma y focu, ou, aual )"';" 0"
c~T1~ill cm:-illl t~n'" loo use>; for "loo" he u'"'" te,m' . ~JCCiaIJr tft"...
1o",I~d ,,;th .pedal .ign iflClnee, he i; alen !O ,lteir p hil""'1>bical or
thwlogicl inlpliC"~tioo> ...\5 nl) d"""",iun ilwl s.I~""'. foU"" i,..: Ong." '.
""." I'rac_loc. "n a tbvrough .. udr n,,1 "nlr <.>f n"tion, bu' abo <.>f
thcir I'br~ogr i.... tr. j" a I',;"cil'ie of ,<"Caf'Ch whicb p",,;,le. f, uit_
f,,) """eI",;"",.
A ",I"'que'" poim of majo, import;,,,",e i. the oigbific~n (c an""bcd
w 11", 'homoll)'tn" . I" Ihe r""'goU' g pas"'l>". be poin o; 0", 'h'" i,
i, " la,],: 't" d~ar up I)", homon)'ni IOffiOo:.,f>OV", ,it.
;)~","""ia;).
Il,i. notion i. frC<l',o ll ~y "'I<d in o"l~r '0 i",licat< " t~nll ""doe
wbioh tbe", are lOO"" tha" Obe cOTl<'-1~j"", '0 be ""d",,1O"d. I"
<I,. l'roloK"" of ' he ~k11y 0" w .\Mw <if s...g, ' hen' is ,,,, :":CO\In]
of ",. mea","!I of 10010011)"'"
n ,< iJi.i"" Scrip'w-<' mM< ",.. uf hOD .... n)'''.; tb. , ~ IQ , " )', lI1<y """
;.\emi," 'm, fo.- dcribiog ,Wl"",,,, ,Wug> . . " ",,,I ,KO! 01") .". ,bo
",mo le",,, < n'p~~, t..., ....,
,be ' hlng> lI1<m","..,. ,,.., ",m,p",--e<J
""h 0"" ,,,,,,,I.,,.'"
Thi, defmioon i. ,.bo fo""d iJ, (; "..,1: '~~I<: '"ho""o";," ,, are ~,"""
"hich h a>"" ( 111) Ih"i~ ,,,,rn,' ill <o,,,mo",, hUI Ihei, c""-Il,j.1 <0111,-",
i. din"""o" IO" ... ~~'" M ...,,,._ ... o.up", ~i.."" ""'."", ;, 5<' ~a fa
toWOII" . i'r; ...x. im; '-00;; .""",t"
I" e>l",,, ,,,li" g hi. """ e~.'IP<:S of the Seri)!,,, ,e. hi< oon.""" "'m_
c,'n> i. to c~l'(y "Ul "),,,t h, ..,'" fonh a, ill'\: of th e hi)~ical intc""
prelCr. 11,.1 is, 10 'd.,,, up ,h,' homo!)'m,. h ,,'as" ."b;(;",c,,1 mC"~",
t""'an!, hi; aim to probe ill lo 'ho ,Ic"lx~ tn")" all(1 " ""<il ,he 'rea-
,ure' o1'wi.doll1 "hith.", he wa, co"" "ICed. lic bid ill ""C'y wonl
"""Ice!) by the Spirit. It w'"
I"" of hi< objttti." to did. the moral.
D ko" ~ . I.. ~",", 0..;,.,.' "IN ,lOot of JOoop. c .''!l' ... 1 1 _. 1_ _ 1951.
,~
~ 1woJn. :>0. I; cr. """""'". c..rw, I. & G. K..rn, poill" _. "la citorioo
. . . ( t l I" , " . m ... Ariorotk n',,, f'B nomm<" I'*' on,;m."; Cf_ G_ 1I.u,~, '"Orig<n<
"r,"';.""'......-. Mi/oy"' 600_ G/ote. ""''' I. I'an., 1932. Po 78. n.
f.

theological ,>r mplic,,1 m~a " ;ng (hat 'he bibli""l " 'xl .. I'",.\lmed to
"
tOlltai". M,,,c ,;gnif"'~Hl t hough i> Ihm he ~"". 1"""0 ,, ),111' hilll.df
U, ""ler (0 conch loj, 0'-" """"'1,rio"" Tbj, f,.et, al,hough tugbl)'
,k,e<m''';''l! ,h, """,p",hcnsion of hi . though" h~, 1)0' 1>01'<'10(,"'"
b,:en a'k<:j"atd.,. ""Iiced . nor duc atWllt;oll h"" b<en paid ,0 il. '111i,
ha, uot 1>Cc1l utili.<od ..... IIoca," for (",,,,.-diug <riheal "'I'cc~' of
hi. thcobgr. To darif)" the II(~ll o"J'II" ".e,1 by Origcr~ ,hat i>, to
,k'tnnine the ,,,,,;,g.,,,,,1 impon, '''''ril><" , I ,,-"" <o,,><ioo, of ' he f"ct
,1.., 'Ill
I ' lealill! "ill! 3 ,funkeT .... h_ (h,,",,4n iO' a/UgtJ (h"",,411
h", been high!)' and ,"1""""'00".1)' CU!1tfO,,,,-,;aj for Tt""" thab .. ,,,,,_
U,"U <entur;".: from . Iooni)" aller hi:, ,Iea,h umil Out ,by 'he d;'pute
ha, n, '''' re,..u~ ",,,..,,110 0'''11'' , ""''e"he"' .... i, i, r""""ti,,<: '0 "0,1),
cxte n<k'cl ""h';",hip .b... ", him and t~,ill g f.'cl ,",' i,h ." much ,!i,.
'oni"" ,,,,.I "tbco"'l'r<"h.miou aUcadr . irocr the cm "fJerornc, h'er
J".. inia", "mi) ,od.'~'. For th.re are .. U"ga,ion.. "hieh CI""e ,,, "ark
COl"'""'" ,,'i~, "ha! O,igo'n re~lI) helrl .,,,1 ) ojtn~ ' lf"~plH: i tl) "nun,;-
a'e,I , T he", '''e ..... ,tio",. "I,ieh "". '''1'1''''''.1 ,,, I~' "" '.",,,,,,' w
him- " "d ,~! ,h<), .orc "",hi"g "'or. ,h." a m<rc "'Pe,iti"" of
O ril" ', ""'" ""reI.." Thrr< aTT citatio,,-, of l"'i"1> of hi. ",ri,i"p.
which ...-e a,lduc.d in o,de, '0 1'<o\'e nac' lj' ,Ioe "PJX>'ioe of ",hm
,he P"""g<"' ~'e" ",,"I"'" ,h""---,.,,d ,10<") co\(I,1 >Mu. 1ht: ,..aJ ,'i~w,
of Origcn if the)' "'<re quo"", "0' jun ,id "" .. fere"" .. , I"',hap.
;[ i, ,10,' t",ni of ",,, gu.g.: p,,,h'I" i, i, 1:0<,.",,' ' he ," od; "", tlo(
<xocn<hl o,-or ,h~ ,,"'hol.- of hi> ,"x,rl, 0' beea"", ,10" .-.-fcr"",:< i<
ron~den:d ,,\(, of ""'''''-". Ik , 10 " H' it lOa)". 'he f~c, doe, rlCll ch~"goo.
~'o r ;J \C~1'l ami id" of Ori!!",,', ~n ' r~,a,,'. i( ;, nO( a<..."r.~bl" (0
a<ld "ce th <m i" ",d<-, 10 pru'"< diff,", 'i'''k ed the ",'po,i,,') 1",i" 1->.
Tlri, i. "'h)' 'he ,ohrmi nou. Lnlk ,;J h;" "'o,k ,Ioo"lrl "ot he ,,,'ff
loo"'od ~or. or"", thi, la,),: i, ,,~nicd " "'. ,he n'a(icr ,,'iU t""" ama",'cl
fOnTli<iable army of 'e~" ami "le,"" ill ' "PI''''' '0' ,e".in ,ie,,"
of ,ime ~nd the <>o,;on' "'hieh de'''n"in~ ,jojs .
.. h u u-~>IIj ~",0c0I <10 .. 'le< ~, ,,,, I ...... "'... ,w.., ~, .. .,.d ;ft """,, ,,r
1ill, _ . .. ;r ~ ~i '" It. ~ .,. ,"", I'. l ~ ( G. r""...,..'ItI.i. 00 ,he Olhtr
knMl. , t,/,,,b ,,-a..u 110...;., C",.,k tr, ~ r ~..... n.. .......w, 1~3, PI" W 10
'I"'.k, or Alhom,o,; .... ''''P ~ I o.yn' " I""'" ~b.n- Afharu,;", ,;m"'"
I>oe, Oti.o< o, , ....... , I "'!CI'" U""" ,<:.in", ;" 0'''' ""_,

L'<'ROlJtJC', ,0';
I I~we. ,Io~...m",. f"U",wd il a, a principle ,hat th~ ";""~ <.>fOrigCIJ

,hould "'" I", cited", ,d'CTC''''c. bll '. ,,h'lJevn ,..x"""ry. I", q..ttJ-
",'e" if ,he 'I""""ioo, could JR' un","' ha' length)', lu .';c"' of 1be
..:lk,) .."h il' ,,r,,'riJ>g 10 hi, 'hought. it ha, bee" In) pr.ct;c. '0 1.,,1
,If" mr "i",,~ n,,1 only by mca"" <.>f ",feren"" tv 'i,Leo and ohap,or>,
bUI to le' Orig<n 'I"'''' IU, Iou,udr. 'Tl,i; me1l,,,,1 <.>f de~~ r\g ,,ilh
th i. ' h"ugb' m"l' 1c.,,1 10 a Ire;";", Ic,,~~hie, ,t"", ",1"'1 ... "" d"";,_
able. Yto 'he >Ciel11 itic I"'ndh <.>f ,hi, proccd " ", ""''''' eomidcrahk
10 mc. to i, o~ ~ b)1""d"", ,h~ L I ha," tako ,o 'he 01'1 .... '''''';') <.>f
,,,n,kring im" F~lgli,h. for ' he fi", 'ime. " I"""h", <.>f C"",k 1"'>_
"'gN. ,,hich eluci,i;le ,1C1C1'TniJl;IO K I~IOct' <.>f 'he ,\kxandrian , What
i; imp"""'" ;" ,ha, ,tu. ,,'ay of "~I"'U " ,Ung thi' 'houg b, I.. """, no
""'no for oontnwe",y, ~'or i, i, Orig<u hirn"lf ,,ho '1"'''1.3 and i, i,
b;' 0"'0 ,,'Om. ,,'hieh ")oxi<b," en,r;"1 "1''-'"'' or hi' a",hc"tic .;"ws.
[ am ~,,;of'c<1 ,I,at only ,hrough ,uch " mcth",~)lvgy ,,'Ila, Origc"
!CaU)' h<lin',,1 can aficr all he TT,ok,,1 co" c.h"i,'dy,
The up,ho" ,,ilh ~"'" '0 on)' ,,~)ic p"we ,ha, ,hi, 1""".. lure
''' " ,,,,,10 ,10" elf"". For lh" C<J"d""ion, l""taU) 10 crueial f"""" <.>f
Ori!:,,"-' ,h"ug/ot. "' hie h 'H" "",,' ....." u1O ,I." a" ""1",,,1) " ,." bg/. ,
ag~in" Cur"'''1 mi~~pprchen~"'L ,\, ",,)' ra,", m)' "o,,,,",,;<)n ,h., ,he
conc<p' ;o" of ,ime co,""it",e. an coocn,ial demeD' of. ,hiukcr' .
th ough' ba; btt""," ""'''ger , ha" i, ",:t, ill Ihe t..g;"ning <.>f ,hi
...."'""'], , For wr o",rh,,;o", dimuta'c foo.d,.o)c"'al ,,,,;.,,,,,-"=,.,(:.,,<1.
ing> and pro'-. ,hal O ri !:"n', influe nce i, hr mo'e <xtc,,,iw .",1
dcci,;,,- Ih"" i, ha. bcen "'Ckoncd "" far.

Copyrighted material
(.tl>\j' rt:ll. 0.'<1:
Go n "'''I) TL\IE
O n (hc ' IU,",,';O" of ,h. ix;''l( of God " i,h ,""",>CC, to ' ime. Origt,,,
,",,'eem t" b" ",,,,urat. ill """d""g h., ,.;,,,.. i, c\;'~"H , 0" th i.
'1>ccitic tOpH: thollgh ,he,e i. a particular ,lillicult), facillg bill" he
lIlO\\"' tha'. ill onier 10 'rc~' ,hi. '1","",io". b"guage i, inade'1"ate
to e~I"~" 'he reali,)" of , h. b.i "S of God, henc~ hi' cu,mnru
C",,'''''''' fu' aeeu""'l can"o, be fulmlc-d , 11", ,,, ,.;,, ,."awn i, ,I""
the ten"", of "c,l", "'" .h."y. I'lae<-d 'n "enain ',uno:' ~ ,'",b ,,;11
be ill ~pJvo;-_ <i,he, J'n:""" 0' J'reseot I'nf-x' 'e""" or I''''t "",e
.tc. h ;" i"'I"",';bl, to ,'" a ,"rh aI''''' from [u,), in'l'liemio" ()f ,in,~.
In comrd" to a ,lOun or "'i~'i"c. a ,-erb '"" or>l)" ,xp,."",,, all
action or a I",,,,io<' 0" " """. of lb, S" i~C<l. lou , a)", u"lica'., d,.
time ",'hid, ,hi, "clio" or po";o " or ,M~ i, rofcrn-cl tQ, 0" th i,
f~ ) i,,' h ~ foUow. ,\ri"otk. statMll C)ll' ,-erlmtim: r", i ,~kc,1 i, w,,-,
the Smgiritc "ho h.:i ..-lid ,ho, '" ,-crb ;" "wund "' hich " '" oul)'
<o<""Y' a I""tic\li~r ",~a"u'g bu' has .. lime-'-'--)"renc, " I"," i" co,, -
t"", ,,-;d, .. '"ou''' "'loch -;, a ",-,,,,,d .... W.ed ,,"h [U' i<nport ~"" h_
h,lwd by coo","ti,", ~lo'w, hut "" ,,f<-rc'><e "'h~,,,,,,-",'cr to ,i mc','
Origm ""g'ml. ,he ~i\ 'i n" real i'y ." a t'm<b, .'a,e mdically Ira,,_
"'c"dcnt to ,im". lu the l)Omayal of God', bcillg thell a"y ,,,ri, ;"
,,/"W,; ;''''I~)(UPri.,u:. there ;, a litrgui,tic p",dicamc"l . i"e~ nO ,"r~
c~n h. u""d "pan ("'''' ~ <en"in <oncu",ita'" tC"'fl<.lr.J ;mpiicat'o".
H ~d h,' <:1npio)'cd ~"oth .. r pc,-.--"p'iu" of God', being for ..-""mi~ .
",rI'Sling d.",.,.,,<> or 1.''l><"~,lpre.",,,). 'hen: co"ld hc nO dilli.c_. dty:
he <o ul,l u,e I'I-=ut 'e",," , 11", i, ;" he hinadf ",Ito cmpllli.w:. d~"
(;0<1". ixinR cannot be ""1'""",,1 by ao)' of 'he fonn, of ,'erl ...
b<:<.""" thi' ixi .'l( i, ah'mpor~1 as Good r~d;c.lI)' ''''' lC<"n,is ~1I ti",~.
In ]i)"''", <Iuo" ng Joh n 1.1 'J" t he hegin ning "'''" t he I~",,',
'Q
O rigo' " i, 'l"ick .dclrc", him .df t <r ,hi, ,'lHnbli"lI hlod_ by mean<
of, co"un,," ,,-hich ,ead, '" follow"
, 1" 0...,<1. the ~<d for "n",;' the...,.., ." th." 0( tiro<'. """'I)-. ~;,
.... <1 cid .. , !Or ',"","'.,.. 'Dmo',
, An''''''', I.. 1..",,,,,,,,-, 11.1W;,
110/,. 11,10020.

C/'At'fEx O;;K
Sr-:.ili"g alx>oJ, ,he loO!!'''' or C.."I i, would be ,,"'''' ,"",ur'I< '0 "'r
V ..... ( ., but he r",.
./ohnl "..-.:I w",, ~.) in, <cad or i. '0';. en
""le, '0 ....1.." lloe bei'~ or , I", I.ogo; '0 hi, i,,,,,,,,,"; .., .. , ",hid, 1Ot>l
rJocr UI a ccn,,", woo; u"" . 1"","<1 boo .. io mj"d ,ha'. in ,<f.r<oc. ,,,
d,~ '''."l nl'''F.J Lioin!l'. ,t.. """,",,,,,. "'~"'';''I< of " .rb<,,,,.to '" ..,.,.,.
(~"'
,nd ~ .. 10'(' .,od "iU be '0'0' "'ouId "'" I", ",ken iil<".dIy. ro'
I.. 'S'" tI", G",I. b<"u'!!' , I", &'" of ,he 1".11.. , . ;, loin"clf lu n<l.-" (;",1.
Tb.",f"r<. , Ile , ,,I,, .prJie<1 \0 mm """'kl 00< he <."OO"'~m:ll,,!!< lI "'r
"ith th< tun. ~lokb ,I><) 'mrJ,., ,;n"" ,he Soo;, 1><>' oodOT ',m .......
X"o. ... . fo,,, .... i. "h., illdico'''' l im~ '0 'p',,,,woi,,,,,, XpO.ov ...
,\,.;"",10 ..,.... '
In frJiiM ,1..- "'''''' ","""jon j, h..,d. ill 'he ,x'g'''''' "f ,h. ""n,
I"""~"', "~"'cl). Jol'" 1.1:
Since ,10",." "'" ,.or'"
~h... h"" f".IkJ' from 11 .. tW't ("itl, ,hio ... u'1\
,h., j,;, ooly him ~I>o " .", born from ,/" 'irgU' t/uo, en"". ,.,.')' ",")
,lot 1l~ "';,," f", them th~, 11, 11 ... begiJUw,!!, ~a, 'h< [''!!'"''
r. 6Pl!i ij,. b ~: ,,~"g ,I", ,'<11" p"'I".dy. I", 'w"'"
,he
.b<au","' ..... '-10 10 ,h. fk.h .nd ,he """ .".",. ~, to ,he dj,-;",,),'
''''u'
Src.'~'"g or the lAlg'" of (;od ;, would Ile "IOTe """"r. ,< '0 i,' ""r
0011,." ho' 10,' 0""" ",;". ~, j",kad if'i,' 1<,,;. in ord<."-r 1U ",I.,~
,h~ t.-;,'I! 01' ,be I~ ,0 h;, ;,,,,. ho.:ni...,,,, ,"'hid Took 1'1 ...... . , ,.
'''''' tih"': ,"),"''"' "",,,"""le.. ,ho,del Iu",~' ,I... ,. ;" "f.ni"l! w a,,,"
p<.>r..l,hj,,!<,, he .lIould "", .. t..: ,h. ",...ni"g ,,(,,.. ,t,. ]j.. rJ.)I)~ fo' ,itJ.,
"'hioh ~ , igtlif.. d 1:0)' ~ ,'em in' loIj,.., <O-<";"<1K< <>fu"", 'ov""'" ~-;th
il." 100- e ... mpk, "heD ~,. '")' 'Wai' '~v "e m,"' 1l th., ~ Iocb d"e. ,"0'
ex;", . ,,)' '"",..., Iou, ex"",d only i" th. pa": ""rot<~"gl)', '", i(l';v
de"o'", ",lw, <->,,.. UQW .. "I '"ill bo' ."-'0' I"""" to ",,,", "ill <,;>1
i" ,I><- fo 'u.... ijo' 'K> ,,,'" ,hook! ,hi". ,,,", tl", t'"'' ;"'rIi",1 by ~ ,-
,. in ,'ern c~" be "!'Pool '0 "'" IAlg'" of God, WI bo ;" ,im<l...
"':~ '<>;..'
I" ' he I"'-'''tg''' here Oril;"ll i. <xpl;";. ' h,,' ,;-15,0.:; IDea", 1Int<i.t.,. So,
h,,,, a' Io:a .. . ,h",.- can I~ no ",om fo' lh. ,,,,,al d;,1''''' a, '0
wh"ber Mo, .... I"" " m.anj"g of ',iH,d""" .. ,,. or .",,,.-I.";"g dum_
,io,,, R. So",ltii a<><n, tita' I~ ",o o,a<k no """,..I<",io\l' "n"~r)l
'0 diuingll i,h lw,,,,,'n 'hc ,c<m, ti16"" ."",d ";"""0.:;' ,\s I " ill I)o' e
la.~" i, i. '''.>1 cJ.~r ",I,h.-, 11>.,,, hold. ,I", ~'~nti'y of ' ho [~ea.
'CfJ .... n 1. l.
: fi.~ cx: i~,,,"nt
Tb;,...".,.,. " _ footnd ;nfiJol>t< cx/.
fiJ_ /.
Cf k . ~_., . Nl.. p. 110.

h> h. ill ~,'c,b'lillg ,Iura' ion 0' ,imelc .. ,,,,, . A, ITga,d, I'hi lo.
H. WolHon PO~II' 0,,, ,ha,
he. '00. ,I;d rlO' make. cloar d;"i",,
,"on I"""',,e" ,;0111,,,, ""d ni ..... ~. ,\, ah)' rale. I do ~OI ,,,,,;,,,;,io
,h., Ori!i"" "I"-.)~ " "xl "fa,,,,
ill 'h" ..."", of ti ",,,1ess; he " ",d i,
"I", ill order 10 '''gge,' 1"'!pOIl",1 d""";oll . h, 'he,"" <:a><'>. 11O"-""eT.
'his ;, u.oo "' a ,"aIlUOT of ' I,,:;\kiug '3,hcr ,h ." .... " li'or.1 .ug
gc"i"" of <nJlc" ';IIIC. >0
The'" .. goor:l r,,,',,," ,hen fOr I,,,,ning 'he u'" of '",,,', or '"ill
he'. or "Wll "i". "hen ",,,,,ring 10 'he di,;"" bc';"g. W he'''-~''r Ong<'n
"n,'," '0 ad"m b""" 'h~ ab,m,,,,, "onrop,iOll of Ihe di,;n~ 'uh ...
,-< "cr, he co","a"ll-,- h,,,,, ;', 11\;,,<1 the f""d-unn". 1 1''''''';''': be n:fen
to a ",ali,), tra".andioS o.ll 'ione. He abo i, ",,'at<: of 'h e ineapa.
hili,)' of "'''g,,''S" '0 exp"''' ,hi ..., ..ti,), adequ a,ely or a, le" ddight"
11>.,.., ~~~. ; ''''''''lmp"I'' :\Dd CXpla;lIS: "n c ' ",,,,,' I~~~V ,ofc,rillg
'0 Goo dO<"< n01 iu,tiea<e all)' ex;",,,,,,,,, of " ", e '" ;, d<><~ ",hen i,
nf,IS 10 ll''''''' 1ha\ ~'" 0>,,1<-, time. ,,,ch a.;" , .... case of o"e "') -
,"g, ' I " ',,, in " ,,,.,kd pl ace'. Ami ,;"ee ,I", [se. Sopl ,;al '"'",,
I><f'''ing \~V "WOW"""I' God "'ho .. ",;,ho,,, hegultlitlg i' .:p "''';'PX<t>'.
,hclI .,h e ;. ti me!=; 1,i(1),,,,\. too'"
Go<r . b<il1g i; all ",0"'1'0",1 ...,alit.,. which ,,,,,,,,ceutl ..u , i",e.
,\I'hou!',lo , h. uS< of "' '' gu:'ge For Ihe ponr:,)al of 'his ""b,)' is
'k~m,xl i n~" ita~l r ila<k'l""'C, h< i, '-er)" """,ie,,,.
"fho'" h. cO l.';h,",
hi, ,ta,em,'n" . 1'h,' inad"l"a<) of exp",,,;ion. i, .,>ken fo' gr~ ", cd.
,,;U ,heT< ;. fO'h'"," ,';g;lan and elldea""" ,,, re<l"c< ,hi. ;n:\C.
eur,Cj' '0 th< bare "';1I; ,"U01 :
I ,,~ . :.JI d,N' knt .. , 001 1>>"", 11...-)" "",,,.u)' "I,ply '0 God W",,,, lf
but be",,~.. 1 fi",l "'r",lfi" ." i",f">'O" I ,t:lnd beoo~, to <~U ,I.. ",
00. i"dfabk ~."" .. ,~W'1 '''''' inl"""""i" "'hieh 0(11), Goo lurn,df ",od.
,ft",. hLm hi, unl-,-b<-g"'kll s. ~ , i, able , i,h", W") or '0 ,biok P"'l~
otl, .oou, 1';",,,,If'
Cf. H.\ ",,.u;.,,,, /",..". '. 1'1' 23. ~.

~ Cf, "jJ),,,,, "''''''' u... "'.........og "'ilh that of
016,,,, " .!<d '" in<\ir>",
'h< <>I'"-""""l,; Mo g",,'g_ I'G 12-813.
, Pro,. 8, :lO.
""i'''"', a PG 1~,12
" n., tmn c..ro h<", foc '~-on lo' ;, /0<\"",,,,
~'hKh li"r.illy " .... il' -,,~ru.' l>..<h
;. d", k<hnicaI.vam_ ""'" ono! "' "'" <ha< of ",,,..j,'.
" """'IlMo, 32. ,,",\"Ul P. PI ... """"" """""", ...~ <Not cm"", ..
Id a oo<ioo

C/'At'fEx O;;K
III Ih < ligh' <.>f Ih~.~ allal)'Ooo, WC e.1I a,,~ .. Ihe a'>'rl i"", of
R. Sor. I,ji" ,h.~, Origcn did ,,'" alw.)~ ha,.., '''T). tin" gm,!' of
,b . id.a oflm,eI"",O<" ... Orige", 0"" '"~" do nol all"w for 11,, poo.
,ihili')' ,h.t h,' ".,,, gropillg wr the idea of ,iIIlCkssllc>s. '['he poi'",
WhHO h" ,.."m '" "",a" a. if God 11.,,1 fOf<""O"kdge, "0' ,;mck>.
iwowledgo"n: Ol ~)" loo", 3 " d i"a<cumte oxpl'""io,,, u,,,,1 inCli'a!>lr,
yet CU1",;"U,J)", IlCC" U!OO of 'he lil11i,,,,11'0'01l1i.1 or lwgu,gc 10 <Xl''':;'
".h.~, i, bej"o"d l"'g'llagt. Thi....""ccl), ,lte po;'" ,,,a,l< he",. " ThI:
'eT) lo.ill~ <.>f gu<U",ad "ith rc"wCl 10 rill\<" i, l"'rtci,,~1 '\\>1 ill le"",
<.>f enrl;"tinl!"'''' <.>r """'pi,e rnil) (Ih .. i., b<ing ., ~Iltim,," . but ill
IIuambiguo,,, t~"'''' of ''':lIII>Or.ili,y. lu rcfen:IIC<: 10 ' he d;"'i,oo (mu,l_
oSy. (';0<[". beillg i ;mcl.". nO, omoiteml'or,,1.
10 io ,h. " ql!i'e 1,1",,, thal O ri geo ,lid ha,,, ao """,:\\,.ri"g gra'P
<.>f ,he id<a of ri""","ne .. "lid cl", aoo'e I"'''"ge, 0)>0" ,ha' he do,,"
n<.ot f.1I ,;1,<.>" of ,hi, cU''':<I''''''' ' h ;, .ho ok", ,h;"
hy Ih< ,cm,
a;'6,< h< "go!i" <1<110<0 wha, ;" timd= .",1 "1~>lie. 10 Ihe reali,y
which. R. h. plO ", i,.i, nO, 'w"ltr ,i,,,,,."
I" , ...,,,. of , be", "ale""" " ,, ill (;n:ek, ,imibc "',., U\ , be I""ti"
,-er,;':", of I,"", ",," Ix ,,,ken as :.u,h"","':
Of CIr><, ,h<>< "m", th." "C ">c, "",h .. ':01",,,)", Of 'b .. """" Of
on)" .i<nih, Oil<:, ""', 1>.,,.,. a "'I",~.t .ignilican<"., rn ,,,, bf' ~""1"" ' 1 ,, 1
""h tt 't.",,,,,,, ,Bd , 00( jn ~ ... d ":1'1<0 ,he) ",la!. '0 ';Il,e. lIu, ,hi:
"",,,et, "r " 'bich ,,'e ,re "",,' ~""killg, . hhough do><ri1>e<1 'n ternj"'"
r.t I."!:,,,,,,, f", 'h< f'''''''''''' of di,..",';"n. in ,'''';, t:>lICnlw l ".!u",
Iro<lo<:cod.U idc~ of ti",e."
of ..... R'Ii tim<' <of God; 1<: f"""", claim> th,o, on".-n
pi>h """ Chri.<tion 0 ... ""' ..... ; . r. ""'". "Th< Conp' J
t.'" "'f-...,."i'l
" """"'";"fnom d".
I.,,.;,,;,;
Tb~' . s,..;. 7~, 31; IYI!~, p, U. A oUnil>, ,'it" .... l>~ t>"o ill'
J lhrt;i-lnu in r.-p.I M .... """' 1 1 _ 1AIIo~ , tr. J .... n-,<, ,'-'. 1975:,
pp . ;srr, l69tf 1"" r,,., of <hi: dum tha, onjl<D had an).rung w do ~;, h
11,,,, I I""" '..,
(";,.,..;.;"", i, o;li"",,...u f"<><ntly. !h" , .... ". .. 1".,..,
r.cC Ori.... '
Iw IY.'" """'010<1)' 'ri<i<'-I !Ot _~ <hi: _ of.....,~ To ",holar>
<Ut"" c..nm.nn ttt;,,,..,,,,,,,.
0, Und of ' ..... n """ 1.' <hi: .d.o<,~ JO ..,k
".h, .
u. .. ;.p. " i, 'h<n '1'""' 'orant ,h..\ , j ", ,.,.. .. ,.r ' """,.-d lime' i, attrib_
" 'ed to Ori",o, s""b "" """nion ",",101 dolisftt 0 .. ~'" b"" oJ,>"f"', """""
of bm,.,,,,,,,,,, )~, it ~ - t'OO,t.
, R. """"lP,.,. oiI.. p. 121.
" E,en "'. ~",.". ~'hen on .... n '1><'' "'
J ,he ,~"""Io- , o' ,.r (hi. I>< ....
Pt,,,,", """" ~'l",b ""I""'. ",,,,le>< 1I"'" _ '. 001 p"" "','" ~fuctt u","'" w
".,.".~ " I ,u.... thr 'I""""" offon-kn<o.Ydg<]"kT "" .
''I''''. '" ~...., ..Jp.. 101, Ill"): "P'-. n.
" f>iot, l.ll.

11)' the ~nd of 'he I'""rth lIoo\; a >.imibr r~mark ;" made:
Th;. ph,.,... ,10" ,..< lOO<, how""" 110., ,h .... ""'-<r ~'" ,in," "hen
I>e <li<1 r>OI "'"", onu", be "","optl " i th " rc><:r,.-.ti..." . Fo.- 111< ,~'
~ur<h, .. hm or '''''-.., "",,,. km po,," coo""",tiu", ~' h<f<'" the ,'ak'
""'''l> "''' 01,"" al)oo l the ~'. dl<r "wl the Sun ",>0:1 ,h. Itul)' ~p~;l
muST boo lO"<~-'-'l 00d '" lr""><et~ti '>g:ill rino. ", ,,I aU og.., ",~I.u "",
n;,). The ... ~ 01 ,h;ng>. I\(n,~",r . "hich .'" ,,,,, ,,,,,I '0 the 'I nn;,,',
"ou" I.. ',,<a,ur! b)- age> and 1".-;00. 0( ,u,,,,,"
There" "loo "" implicil ,~fe"'n<e" to t;",e """"nLng to whieh 'no
,hought of I...f",, or "r",r e." hc e"'e".;nOO' in "'>1""'1 of ',he I"'r'
"'''' of the Trill ;l}~, H",.-,,,,,,,,, ' hc n",iun r<hlly '"gII""'-.:I al th;.
I",in, i, " ot -"" n"",h the rda,i,,,, "f ,h" Trin;,,. '" lime, bu' the
I.tio " be,ween the Thr-=<: P<Non, th~"";ck,,, ~. h}l~"' ta;c. Juall)'
""",ent,,1. T he i,lea i, that ,h.", wa, 0" "a,,, in ,, lt ich 'he Sou a nd
,he Hol) Spiri' ,L,I nOl "~j,, ,OS",her "ith ~)e Fa,I"", >.in"" ,h~ ""Y
being of ,I... Trinil)" i. ,imd,,. .."
It i. irnl~)"~'" fi" .10" f,u th cr ,k\-dOPU1<11' of Ill)" top ic to make
ck~r a I~~'" tha t I reg.,d "-' f"n,bmc,,"'! fi" a 1""1"" "nd<"'a,,,lin~
of Ori~,,' hough" It IL" ,,, be "rnpha~'<l ,Ion, he hold. a ""n "
eep!;"" of ro",1 ... ",d;,call)' lIao",." du'g titO~ rlOt (11 1)' ~'-Ih "'(>ffl '"
'ime, hu' "I", IJifqrf ,,11 'ime. ,\lth"ugll ' he t~rm 'I",fo",' i. i,"""i'a~l y
"""I in ~ h"" SI"'''' lfi" 'beli"c' m " '"0 >en" jn ' he "I"","cc "f
tim~), 'he ""';00, indi<:a"d " ,hat God i, heing reg.-f'(U", of ~~j.,
'c""" or uo.""xi"",u of t;m~, T h;, COmco ,., mear' conc"J'hOU
of God '" Hi mse lf, ,I"" is, roOt! "'ho i. I,.,,,,S '" , b~ ,.wcore of ""'.
alion or "'''' "") Wiochl of creation . To ,hi,," of God in tl i", ,,,lf
,~~" ",,' ""Cf,,~. '; I)' cn 'a il ,,, 'hinL of him a. C""''''- 1I '''e< Wh"D
OUe I"rtti,~ Go<l a; CT~"o.-, ,hrough ol"" ....-ation of tL~ ou,eon"
of 1", <"'",;\'" >C', ,hi, I~' nO "tea'" could ,nean ,10", ,Irj, j"'rc"l>-
,ion appli.. '0 Himself,
,[,h i, ";"'" con'ti,,, .... , 'Q,:lIif"anI cunt,..~,t ,,-ilh I~;t,,,ni,,n and
;""'pia,unj"TI . Thi, i, al", r,.eC1 of Orige n'. ,h""gl" ,h.t ha. boo",
widd-,- "'''" ude ..,ood, J ..h:ill then dwcU 0", ,hi. I>oir" ir, ord~r '0
,uake it clear ' hrough ..-onl, of hi' 0"'0 , I" Ob it i, "ttin,wd ,10;"
.. 1\,"" IV., '.

" 1,,*, n,1,1
, n .. tnm .la "'W"" ","" thN ["uda"",,,,,," ~ , ...... of 0<W" ;.
~ no<......,. ""
,h. ""'"'" of dRin<- ';0.-1<- m",,- bo, "',
on "d .. , f ..... of
~-

C/'At'fEx O;;K
'it i, 11<.>1 al",,,,:! th .. ",'< abo , h"uld ,"CO,,!,, th< ,;"'" th a, ,he ch .....
"CU:';'h'" of God "' il kh wc !mow ,~) 110' "~ply '0 ('",.; 1I".,dJ. For
,be alltih",,,, of God a'<: '''penor '0 alll' of tho,,' ",. hich :'..., k"o"'"
1101 o,~~ to h,,,,,." ".t",,, bu, ~''''" by (be II~'""" of th,' b'eillg,
which h.,,'< a><ell,kd to ,he higher r~lIl. <.>f lif., ,'"
God H i" .. clf '" 'heyo"d wh., c.,,,
be l",rcci,'Cd ,hrol:gil 'he ",iud'
li~i '<lva , .... V"'l,o'"I." So 'c,-el)-,"i,,!!, wc kilo" ~f~,u' God;" infc_
rior '0 God H;",,,,lf' .6:vt,,;; lo~,,, .).6:"""0
ia,; Eh.>~\'''
."\crordillg (0 .>(IJ~ God is 'l"o,,'1I .. Crca,or. \\";"'. l'nni<ir,,, alld
J"dg. , In poi n' of ' he fi,..t Qf ,h c<'>II""p1ioll, of G",1. 'b, i,
Crr",or l>ec.u>c he hro"gh, eTC.'urd imo l>eiug (All of uOII.hciug
(<n\ ~~'(I1I"l"I<; ~h 51 '" )'tr>\',s, ti~6 tm.. ~~ ~"'''''I<; to ".01\."
Th .. kno.... ledge (~- God "-' Cft~'()r i! ba~ "" ' ~nd deri,'Cd f""nl
a <cn:,;" ." k. Tbe. ow~'" ,h", God "" Cl'C'lOC;, koo"'n 'I\ru"gh
all 11<' of"is ~';II. Ilut God ill I r; "'self "a""n( he \:1I(>\\"n 0, oil , T here
is not ""l" '!>ec"",e', ,borc i, u(~ any 'act', ,her<" i. 110 crca"'r~
through whi~b God coul,1 !>< kno...-" in Hi",,,, If. It i. onl)' 'I\ruugh
Ch";', .",1 ('.00', ""UCmanifcs",'-'ot' ,h., nWI\ "'~l f'1':"-'" a ",..ion of
GOII h, Him,df.
11,", ,he f,mo;ktmen(:11 <Jj"inc'ion bt,l<o""U (;,,.j la"","" ;. !I~!f
'T'''''''''''''''''''''
oud G,~l "" ma"" 15~~ L"'-'I'}'<i.:;) i. cJcarlr m,"d~, " I"
oh..",.-ing- aea,ion oue d"", no' .," iU'11h iog of G<>d iu Him"lf; oll
b,. may.,.., ;, lh~ ,,; .. Ioon "(co,,lu'!! '0 " 'birb "'cI)1hill!! ,,'" crc-
ad: f<Jc 'I n ,he "0'1",,"~1 hcawn, (;,,.j dwcU, "" cre.tor 'hrough
h;. muhi-embroidCn'd ",';,dom:"
G,,.j ;n Him",lf';" '1Il,,,mil1"bk by """)11'.'" amI '''0 o,,~ know,
t!t c acellmte knowicdg.:- ", !t ich Toi"i,y ha, of hendf:'"
0" ,Ioj, PO;,,( ' hen: "". r"'''''lt~ti"g "naJ;~"", " 'hicb an: "mID fol _
io,.,in!! ,,,,hal;lII. in ord<r to >C. how ,he ,li,(;,,..,;,", b",,,,,,n C",I
III H;",,.,.Jf a"d God as Creator i. ,m,dc;
No '"'" <.-,,' ,...

God ~l'Wgh f'I'OC"'" of 10" ""''' ,,,;,,d. ~, ;' ~'I~
_ ", ;d, d,ibk thil\g> " Itkb ~'" <ill:1 ,,, Ik ""1\ d ''''"Sb ~I\ :>c, of
~ cm, VI. ~2; ".wo, ",;""-

~ ...."..-. XLVII,
.. Cd., n , "",
D uIPt. 1"lII, I'G J~_li;61.
~ fill. 118, 91: ""'-, 118: 1'0 12.100' : <>pI',,, 0; 1'(; li 117,
N wIA. In
~ c.t., \~ , Go.
B 1'.11.." 2-1-1.

"";ng. 110' 01 .... e.,'o th_ ~ I""" "" "';wnjpdge ,It,. He oIoooJj>Ca' , in lIi, q,", ~')' 1'''-'I><r and lIi, tn>g1,i' "ck
proper 0\0.; ,,,I IJOO,; "It'" nut i, ;" "ot to.o ,,-Iou !CC>, i. ;" Cud
""",, ,)"-,,,,, ",L., i, ""'n: ,It" i, "hy (,,,,,I 1"'-''''' '''' H ~,",, - If in a",,)
th." '''iKh, be <0.""'<1",,,,",<1 1- <"""0 ..... ,\, the Sio,,, ~,,~ ' I "in
pn ... '" "' )--.cif: loc did " .... oay 'loc ~-~I >" n ... , bu, It< ""id 'I "''ill
1'''',",0' ot)""If'"
There i> pa"ic uiar clUpba>i, on the ,"otion th.t 'thc di'"1<: tI,i ng>
ca"nOt be "'en "'itho,,' '<1' actio" of their own', ".,,,,.1)" through
0 ....1', gF~"".'" Sub,;.'I", ntl). c",,,,,,,,'I) mi" d
""'U"" ","e (;1 tlI'ooglt on i" .. lk<to>l "'" 0( it! 0"-0. So "'-' e'"Kci,...
of God, '0 ,be "''''ut tlu., i, "' VO"'bk '" U,- ,1!1'Wgh d .. th.olugk>l
00<,,'''' ~I""" hi",-,u le"" ,I""" ,,-10;'-1, ,," 1>:.,,,, .,,"" ><l, h,,,"',,",,-, .
",. ,_riw of Him _ u ,-dl _ nut r..... 11;"""1[ ~~ , oi & b e.-k:;I
1., icno",-k<igo- of lti''''''1f ,.... thmogb "") o"'~'" 0( 0", 'in.l, bu, It,
t=. Iwu"'k<igoo 110., i, "I1)"-'I"i" ," 10 Il im. ~'ur iI ;, Itim.. -If ",bo i,
buth th, .. ,bj<;:' ",od ,b. objecl ...r c<><np",l-Kll,oun. 'nu, ;, "'10) i, i,
Old)" ,foe So" "loo 10"""" Hin~ i, i, ,he So" "I", '" cO""I""I",>!ht<,"
00<:"" kno", ,10.1 '11,<", aI<' m.,,)' I",oph' "'loo I",,, ~ con".!"ion
of God.J C....w, yr' ~\t.)" do ,,01 I""""
Him '" Fa'IId' of ~)e Son'.
(Ku\ .,u"i yoWv i):Q""' V "".., ' u, e"", ~~~t.,,,,,yu;:.. o~ ~~" ~poM'
.".,00'. ,,~,bv 0\";' ",Hip<> _ nu, to 'peak of ' kllOl,-J"lgc' of G(~l
",.an' in t:tCt to kr''',,' Hi", 'in ," lll lt< h '" He i, God . "d u, '"
much "S He i, ,h. I'.,h .. r' \~,,66 e.6-; ;0" ""\ <D66 .",~p /on)."
I" "ie,," of ,hi" 'we n if "'. be found ""nh)" of ... i"8 God u,,,,.-
by "'cau, of mind atld hc~,( , ""< oc. him tlO' "a, he i,-." bu' as
h. apl ...... "",,,Iillg '0 hi, di,!>'-""" ;"u to""nl. ,,; II""<'.-~r, Ihn,
H the obje<:t;l'c ",alitr of wlta, Gnd i> u, Hi",,,,lf, alb,;t CTca'Ure;
"aotl o( k"",, ;,; ,,,,,I ,I", ooj<"(i,,, "'~U,)' i, ,;"gl"d 0\" i" ~,~ """e
P'''",!!C hy meo", of ' he c~prc"'o" ".'c",' t/ti,j " hieh God iI)."
joIu., 1', 2 1.
.' fiJ*', XI\'_
n er J...d...-. 3; er ~ ,_It""" 12, HI-, I!, 2'_
" fil*. XHt
.. fit..t, ~ !
" 1 J""n- !, 2.
~ _".", 11, 19,
,- .--11.", 11, 19,

C/'At'fEx O;;K
'1 ho,,'o,o. b), '~"Oll of ,h~ ,,"1iOlI dla<l .. 1I<',,,'':on G.,.-t an,1 ,he
world ,h~", ally kno",bl!!" of God ill Hi m",lf" impo!O.ibie." God
i, ,he 'r"<"",' allll (";od of the prol'he" alld Fall"" "lid God of
Ch";" ~"d 0'" r.,hcr'." SlI' from ~ "orkU), poi", of "i,''', 01 ... ,'all
"'" 1101 God .11 IlIm.clf, bu' God a, h~ "'pro$' ''"' IlIm.. lf '0 ",,"
III oIr;cniug Wc "",ld we h.yc j"" 'collc"ptioll." of God, "" do
"0' 1"'01" lIilll lIi m>clf: "'~ c.u olliy fonu , 'CQllcel',iou ' of G",I ;u
Cr~>1or." Thel'<'fore.
l ,,;~,a <al' "")"'''' "~' 1<1",",' ,h" ",,,"',1,,,1 .,~I 61'>, 1""" ...r.u
<".,,,1 n."u""~ in lh.. ""') ,I ... , 11", r .ther ~' ho I"'l!<" him k"o,",', him:
' ''''- <3" all)on~ 1",,,,,. the .'"h<', in ,ft,- ..',.. '''') .. ,h' I;" i"g I~
",Iu> i, God', ",,,,,Iom .n,1 b'U'~ ."
h~" wh", God "ill r,.,"",,, b)' CITa""'tl '",, he i"," ,\ill ".ill hop.
p~II in '/l<' ,,~) ,",'hich i. possible ror (";",1 '0 I.. 1 """"'11 b)' crca'''''''
l ro.~ ion a~",,,,;. 'u,; yrv~'Qi , -YV&"Ot ,~. El, ,,,, . h i, 110' I"'.:;i
hie '0 ,,,1- 'he [expTC>'!",n i '".. he i. a. ,knOliug 1>",1 lI im""lf oil
.,.'.p 0\"" " ';~J..aI'flQ,"" to ro.~ to,," b a.
""<6Q." Th .. i. ,b<
""Tl" ill ,, I';ch "he 1""1,1"", or I';nriarch. or ... ,~b h,,," "-",, Gnd.' ''
OllC" ag"in, ,b e n01ioll of God ",.."'/ b 8t6:; "~'k i, ",'iMo~y
enuncLa,ed.
Thc rn~jc.1 di" ine 'mll-'CM"I~nce i. ,dti llgly expro:>oc(l ill ,he "',,0-
logicnl rcialiou of God '" 'he world. OriS'" ,efer>- '0 Wc worl,l
,b ro\lgh ~'" It""
u;/wb (;).0." wb,r b is" S,,,"c le"". " SliD ),<' I'cj<:C1.'
rh< Slok ,I""""",, th',' God .. h"",a""hl iI, Ib, wod,I;" h. " I",
" ~plid'l~ "l~ .... e' 00,1, ',he SW"" a"d lh, foU",,e,", of PI.,,; "ha
hel,l , ha, ,I .. '"ho)<' ",,rld i.. 'g<~!'." It i, ,;.... i .. 'h", C",I i. ""' _
,h e.- ~)ill1' 110, 'wbolc'. ' Ibi . """,,,en, .. olle 0( ,hose which "",Icr
I,"" \b~ ""heal di,;;," ",,,, <c,"d""c~:
~ ftlloJ(. 2'"
~ ~oIo, 19, I'. """rn. on Rom. I, I 7.
~ _ U"", 17 , I "
";.11.. , 2'13.
~ Cf. Col. I, I~ .
~ Cds, VI. 1>.
~ I j<oIm, 3, 2.
~ ft. '/010. X .
~ ft.'/oIo. XIV.
" Cds, Vl~ .
~ SI'P, ll, ltii . 8 .
c.t., 1'1, 71.
~ CtII, V. I.

All thing> 're p . ... of ,h. ~Vtkl yet G"d i, "'" p." of ,h. whole
.""'" y;,p ";~q ,""..,'" ~, 6t "'po.>:; ilJ..", b 6W;; for God nou"
I,.. r<"!f.nJcd a, "O! u"""" lk,o .. ,h. p.ut i, ;,wo""pict<. :\,HI prub".
bIy ~ (hp", >tJ. i (ic,~' i"" (uuld ,~u'" tb. , "",,I) ,!",>..ki"..,;. j"" ..
God ;. nO! aI''''. '" .['" I... ;, nOl ,he ",'hoIe 6W; l.Io.,p oi.< 1<>"
.,;~ o~''''' ~ w.....'.
~n<e ,he "bole ",.mp";"'. p" ... i~,{ ,b is}.<);'
i . .."..... "",I."
" Iod ..--,,, <10<, 'I'"
okJ".ud <I,at ""0 ,~o"ld """",.
~ th< ""preme G",I """'pri<i"S p>.n>, .""h oDe .... ,,toich cuu ..... tIo
"..~"' thc " tboT """" ""01,'"

TI~" ,he """Id;, the 'whok' ".,.,. S,ot.; do.;'riHe . Ho""'~<. Drill'''''
all'nH.. t; o,, ,,f,he 'wor ld ' ,,hi<h ,,, 'he \,f,0I,' i> ';H~1ar t" obe St,)ie
"lie "nl)" iu kI,ct. His I"''''':..e tor holcting do;" \;e,,' i, ,hCffl) <iitli:rem:
lbi. i, ,I,, Ira."",""", or God no'io" "'hich 10", no ro"m in
S,oici,m "h.:f'C God i> r<g""kd a, immanent iH th" """Id. Origc"',
COt''''llt iu r> i, diikr"H<: God i, i"cuml",';t<; fo' if ' h~ ''''hole' ,..'"
'he ,ewi,)" of 1~>1h G",I .Hd ,,'orld. ,he" , G(~I "'o,,ld be "d,,k<1
.. )",,,' of 'he 'w hole', ",h . ,..hol. ;" ,be (O!UI""' " of the pan...
~'Of '.,11' C""fIOt 1><. p1"<:dic~d ,..he", 'here i, n" ,~,~"i') ioq"",,
' i ,)' a nd qn"lil)"~. "
God;" no' 'pan ' of the ",bole, lie i. ~ d,e 'wloole". I!c,~le
'he colle!"p,i"" of d,e mdieal "''''''''"'''!.:,,'''" (,f God, <I,i. ,ugge," a
furtJa"",,,,aI co""'1)1ic", of b" ",hich b,,, be'" urtd."",irna,ed, a "d
soo"ewne. ,j,'nic<l h)" ""hola... I<-ho ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1 ",,,I oniocoo'p",bell,t..-d
10", :. lkgo.>rical e~"gt'';'" rv' wlo"t O, i!f<'H d"e. he .. , i, tQ st'oHgly
aA,,,,, do< foil ""',!:! of 'he ,,"orH
\I"e know <I,~, th"" i, ou, "",,,al "'''~')' of (~",I in Hi",xlf. ye<
,h;" knowie,lgt i, "0' d",,,,.,, fio", doe oI,,,,",,,.,,io11 of the crca,io".
1.,,1 fro", 110" s..lf f~,..I",ion of (";",1 ",co,.,I..1 i" lh~ Scriplu,,. The;
~"u"-kdgt: i. 0I)1>o i",<I from 'rhe ,,,,iHtO" ." !(i,.n!(j U' (<<. ~""'''P'([
'" ."""5. &.,0",,,.,,,, The .. ',.,.timoni,," lI'aprup,,,, arc 'h" m<,"'Se
of ,he ,~\'i"" ",rip", rtl," Ioo,h 'he Old T<'mu""t ,'... 'he ,<"i
,,,ooi," hat'i"g b.:<-" saj,1 nuO) u",,, ... ~ , ,,,,,I 'h~ "'.." . T e"amen'
I' ... I find "",",' ,,,,,imonk. , . the ,""imonies of J "'u' Cb";,,, ...1."
l C[ .In; 11. 16,. 35Il; ""'" in s..."" f:mpuY"" .w...... Jf<Olb- ' O'" 1x'1 l3-t9,
352; 11.26'; PO.,. , " 111.'18-101; cr .'uh""""',_ c..~. r_ ..,_ Z>!; 11.1HOf
" cm. I. 2l.
"( " ,...., " " ' Iifi;tf< " dotll-,' 1.11,
~ .d/\. I l ~.1'G I l .16l1,ftr., 118. 1l!l-9, 138,
., ,.0>,. I I ~ .
~ '''''.

C/'At'fEx ";;K
' I ho OI~\' .,,'a)' '0 LIlO.". <.>f G",I \>eillg mo", th,," 'h~ C "'''' OT i,
th rollgh Hi, 0.".0 re,-d;uiou in Go<1 (he Logo. (hroughout the hib_
he,>1 tu"o')', It ;" dU'ollg b h;",oriral ",'e" I', <u~"u' an,,,d ih ,be ~'-<n '
"f -illc~r"~lion' a,a rii; ""~ <""".,,_,, ,h~ ' tl.,. tr."",e"dcnl G"d
b"came 'appro:>ehabk' "I"X''''''
10 mell" So u,illg 't ru(h and lh<-
t""i"'oll) of eHm, and aU son, <.>f .,,-orlW' g <.>f wonde ... '" ' .i",1
of '-oice, God "'!!!Ie.,ed Il i, 0,,"" .ul~i rllity to hum"",:"
1:""" so, di.;n" i"S1"UClioD i. n",."",,} for ',h" la" ran he I<no,"'n
0111) b)' ,,,,,d,,ion' .,"I no i",,-,lhlU.1 ab;lil) alonc ;, ~de'I""1C for
th a,,''' Which m"",. tha, 'h< 'pm-abk> .lId """'ur~ "'vrd, ,,-hOch
wen: uuered 1 ,,- 'he 11(1), Spirit ,bruJgh th e prop h<:" lI>o<:d I><- '0
'...,,,d,,bl,,' ah,l 'h e)' b<:com" ...,,,,Iable to oh"" ",ho "'" ),,,nidparm'
of ,h~ Holy Spiri, ",,,I "ugh, hy him . For no one can co11\l'"h",,1
<I, " ,Ij,'i"" Scrip,ure. u,dcs> 'hough ill"mjJl~ooo I,) 1Il<' Hol)' Spirh.'"
Cud ,hro"g h hi. '8",.t pro,;Ik""., fvr ,he .... 1.<, of ,"" ,, ' gu id<"
aud culigb'cus mau lo",ard w~y. th~, 'b "m,w 1I." " n: il><'lf doe, lIot
Imow:"
The .. 1'.'-"'t.gCl d'-tn01""'"'~ !ha( i, is 001 lh. ,,-oti,1. b<,,, i, is (;00',
""If-n'wl."io" lit,,, I' ""'id,,, " I";:" , of ,I", ,Ii ";h~ b<,-i"g. I " ~'e f,,,,~
a,~J)',i., Ihi. n1<~n, ,1",[ O rigoo ll hold. ~ 11' .0Iogica~ not C=
tn"I,'!(ic~1 cone"p,io" of G,~1. Hi, Ihrolog)' ,,,rillg> from Ihe ",If_
I'C\-.:I.,ion ofG,~1 ohroughou, I';",or.,-, DIn fro." ol>"r""ion <.>f lla11"":.
To cxpoo" ,d O rig.-o'. 'hrolog) in ,I,-I"il, th'" i" Iti' c<n' cepl of (;",1
in Ilim .. lf. i, I><-TOlld ( h~ "'<>pC of ,h i, I>00I<_ I ,hall '>I1ly refcr tv
hi. ("O tICCP';"" of Wisdom and l.osos: ~"d (hi, otll~ to ,h< ''''1<-'''
th a, Ih;" hcar> "110" (It~ cOll coplion " f,i mo, ~or a ll iml.)I1'U" I",int
th o, nttrl. to he Illode ;" u01 01L1)" that 'here ;" conception <.>f God
;" /lint,,!! far b<:j'Ot,,[ ,he " otioo of GOII 4< em.",,: 1/",,,. i, abo a
,;,u,Ii,.lio<, of. rc.li[) p"."."ting crcali<" that is. a ""~lil) ill "hOch
o,J), <<<.cl is and ,h~r-< i. n(l cr~-" t io " ~, all , Th i. will 10,,01 ,,, ,I><-
<on d " , ;"1l lh~, 'he cum,n, opinion Ihal Orig"" cannOI 'hink of C",I
";tho,,, 1I<=''''ru-,- 'hi"kiug of him .. C ",,,or ;" eITonro ,,,.01
"ft.ll.... 51.
~ HIll. , ~, l'(l 12_l1n
~ <411. ll8, PG 12.1~91 ,
~ ..,,_, ~\: 1'G.17.25l,
" ""I'. 77, 1'G 17.1>1 ,
ft c..:""" ~ _"I> ;, 'he !,.".......t X,,~ "">1"""-
-n... (loo c'
~h>:h Otis<" ""'I. dot"""" <Ji ,,,,,,,,aI ". ,.,;.,n, 1b<o
lead '" tilt d<g>tioo ..... ,
""'- .
;. 'u"""'" rt' "'tirt~' ''''''''DU> "'........ 11>: . . - .,.,....", ~-;a '" .-""'- ...-.1
-

l)e.pi.. the t ,c< tha, God" b" i"g i, rcg:or<kd a, '.1><:>\-" 'i me. ,IL"
;" '" radiCllly """"'Cll<\cm r.:;aI;,y, U r;g<:" ,Ioc. ~'" abe.,1 ",;,h "
PQn"'l"~ of God', bei ng io Hi"'''' lf. Ttu , i, ,,,,,,I,. at the I""'" ~'hcre
I", i"""p"'" ~l" pon ion of J ohn 1,1 'In 'he b.:l!im,iug ll~ "!>Xii) "'",
'he Log"" ...
I" tl);ug to iutcrpm tlu. p-..ge. he i, f.",<1 with " cbaIJenge '0
hi, conception of 'he ,li';He he;ng a ,i",de>< rc~lit)'. For the t<nu
';PX1 i. Obe of !h"",. " 'hkh par excell,,,ce ILwe n ""'poral impli.
cation, " ,,,,,d),, l",gUlO;''<i ' Ho" is ;r poo.sihlc to ",,,,ilk of lh .. <li\;,,"
Ik;"g a, all at<mpor.. l ,'ate "' hile a, the ",me ,;me .pealing of ~
cc" . ; 'I n the 1)(,~,;u ll ;J\g' {iv apl!i.? 'n,;, j" the cballo"g<. ",h ;eh h,
h", IQ cope "'it b. in order 10 "" 1"in bi, ooocep,;o" of !he d;>ine
Ijf'c ft , " Iimd"., rcallt)'.
II<lore a."~ disc"",o" aoom ,he a" ual olc~t\i"g of ,he lo"'~oi"g
I")n;"" of./oh. h< I")i"" ou, that <1,, 1\' ~re """')' m<a"i ng< of 'he
wont aP1~, "11,;. 'mu lt;.';~",iflC"'io,, (,0 ... ~OO~~"" of d,e tenn c.u
be fuund n'" "'tlr a",ong the Gottk> but aOO "ot"
dte HoI)' Scripture."
T hu, he e.,pOU llds ~ll me dill"""" l~'tl'0rt, of ,he le,m ';~llj tound
UI 'h,' Scri p""e. It ;. .",Jy al)'" 1hi, cx'cnsj"e ""l"""i lKm ~'al I",
cornes '0 'he poni,"' of,).,h" I ,I i" Ofder 10 Ofli:T hi, o,m ,",cgc>i.:
1!",'inS ""''' ,[, ,,, ,I)(' 1<'n>( ';"x' n.... '" "" no.,,'- '!tins>. we "Q" """",-
in< ~'hicb of ' ~< m ':h"uld I)(' c"' plo)'cd u, tloe i POrtiuoli 'In ,;"j"'j
~'" l.6-r<>; , h i, u,,,, lI"t u,;, ,to., toO<
.uudo to any """ing <>--er ",. ,,, an) ~ "" lo"gtlt, it i, """ oI" i _
ou' d", it doe. n," ",r.,. ,,) "'y
gen"'~ t i<>n _ It i, " ,-~-.tth< Ie .. I"";b!e
w wk<- it ttu, it ",f"" to lun ,. wh<J i, ,he "'''kT. ".-hv<" '000 ..,,-(1,,=1
. od <''-<1),10,,'11 10", becn madc'." h" in a ",n"" ;1 ~ Chri.t hin\>df
"ho., ;, ~'" cre~"". (0 "'''''no
d", F3lh", .. )~ ''''' 'h",,' I~' jigh,'" "",I
'lot ,h.,-" b<; fi,.",,,,nen,' Chri" ,he" .. ,,,,. ,.. ,. ... n a,~, r.,,- he
is ",.00"'. c>lll ~m jus< 1"",.""", h< i. " i"Ion" For i' ;, ",i><1om
"'h,,. """",li,'1!' w SoIonoon. "'P 'The Lord c,"'!",d "'" .. ,I-.c b<'gU"
wOj! of Ith ''-.p ,,,,,ard>
lu> ",,,cL' ,'0 9<0(. 1<-,,0" ... om'
I>biiooo'
~"riI ',i ; fPl Q~ro~\," "" ,1,., ~J", l.og<>o ill ;" 11,,' <l.prll. ,h., i~ ;"
<he ,,;~hn
.. ~.... , I, :>o'\'1
.. In<_
""'~ or 'G"",u', Orign> oo";ouol)' n.. ;" m ..1 AA.t""" .od ru.
",w.o "" ol"", "f""~' in ,\I~_ 98:1.0. 10'10, It-,'".. 107:.0,
.. ~ 1.2,!o-
.. G"", I. 5.
" Co<n, I, 6.
" PM,8,n,
.. """'IlMo, I, :>o'L,(,

C/'At'fEx O;;K
Fllnh~r ill (lie "~III~ work, he ""Via; ... , 'Ill u"'I'] ....";II& the ' ID itpl~
'''"' (be 1.>gu5' il i, cl.,,,
Ifor il is f",""d ill ""1\) I_grs of lb<
I'r,~'erb" ,h .. , i( i, 111" ,,-i,roOIll "'ho i, moan( h)" lh. nil itpX~''"
Th". 'onc ""o"ld u"de.-.","d (1",( (I", I.og<" h", al ...... )" heell in lhe
itN~. 'h,,, i., iD (h, ..... i" lo01 ."
Hence O rigco', "U;"'" i. ,-;ltu..Jlr lhi" 'l1oe ",,,nulg ofJo hll 1.1,
'I., ';I'~~ ".,., th,. Log'o,,' ;, " SOI1 of ",,,,,'cr .\Ol to <I,. h)l>otI,c~ic"l
' I"."ion ',,'he! ......, (I'e I"W'".", hut (0 (he If"N""" ''" u".1 """ lhe
Logo. " Thi. ",,,,wnell' i, cle.rly ",,<1 btrr . ....-bcD i, i, poin, 1 nil'
,103' ",h" W, I",,,, Io-amcd from the 1"""' 11" "fJoh ll 1.1 ;,. 'he an,,,,,,
to (he qll""i01' 'iD ", hm' I" ,iv, ....-a> the Logo., . "d (he am,,"CT ' 0
,hi, ",as Ih", the Log'''' ,,'as 'i ll ,lot: ,,-iodotu' (Iv "Pl:ii)." I"",.r i ll u..:
"'' 11" " 'ork lie ...,i'er..'e' ],i, .AifTn~'ion (h.. hy itpl~ i , ,. th, ""i._
do", be""Jf ,1"" ,J,ollkl be " "'k"IOOd. allll ' he ]la.us" of .Johll
,"c.,,, 11,., 'he I.>go> w.'
'iu' 'h e ",i"lom, " If a ~e r"pomr 111""_
iDg , hould I", ~1'l'lied '0
(he 'tv itpxn' (h" , hould I", ouly ""0><"
of ",emporaL,y, illdic,,' ed I'l-' the r,,", tha, 'he 1"K'" ,,"" 'in' "'"
"i"Io"" In 'ha< c~,. ,he hn""lIdi<;a1 '1"'''';0'' '~Wn " .. ,he Logo.?'
co" I,1 lot: ,he ,allle a, 'he '1,,,-,,,io<1 'I. l1.'1wl ,,'a, 'he l.ogos'> A,
,,,.ncr of ,et, llH-rc i, a I~)ill' iu 'he QUI< ",>TO ....-bere i, i. '(;(le,1
,
,h a, "'h,,, ,,'e le"", hy ,h ;, I''''''-'!l'' of Johll ;, '", he" '" in ""b,,' "'"
.og< """. "
,\1;" ,. 11", ~"aJ)""", of ,li e , ,, bjc'Cl (b ..fore "" " cU "" .ti,r 'h i' 1>0;'"
of ,,,,,,,,,)oIut) il i, '"''';vu. (h., Ilk' nn ',",'h<Il' h". I.....,,, pIl l in ."ch
" con'ex( tlla' (he oll ly p "'l~,n TTlllai"illg for i, ;,. (h., of alell 'l"'-
mli,l'. 1ni' ;" ob" io, .. I)" whl' Origcn ha. nO h",i,.,;on (w be" he ~-.)'.
'''' hell .' ill ""'hal', '" i<e in ,h~' """io" '0 ,,~, ,11",. in ,lIj , ca""
b,. I~k .. ' Il< 'e",," \,h,,,' '" ,.-dl '" 'UI ", I",,' .. ""u:.U) ',,!>OhY-
mou,. T hi, "",,,><i,
I",,,,.o.:,,kal, 1<' ,,1><11 onc tIc.b ";lh p mblc'"
.uch "'. 'imcl"" reali,y "lie ..h""kl be prel~'r<d '0 t,cc "" me ,,",,_
TUent> "'hieh "" ",d parado.<ical in th eir eu""'lIt ""'. It i. I>o",ible,
1>O"',~,r. ID expb ill hOll ,hi, 'l" >()(J),mi'~;' ,ul<le"' '''''1. T o the 'I"c'-
'i oll 'u'hm ........ (10" I~ogv,f' (he ",,"er " "'meks,l)"', Th i, .'''' ..... er i,
ob,'ioll' i<lellUc-.1 '0 ,h< ans".-cr 'In "mde""""" Flu' (his cxprc,.;iUtl
~ --JM>o, 1, """," ,
" lbi<.
, -.7-, 2, 'V
" _Joh.. "",,",'((.
" -JM>o, ~. ''', ;ub.;. . ."",

is linllaU)' an "",,,.~,
10 the '1"..,;"n 'In "*,,, "-'" lh< [-<>8",,1". Thllo
""",,, ~lId in ,,*,,1 art .... g:.,..:lcJ "" 'w"rcmJr .-,'1Onp", on "ao"",
of bOlh j>f"()\i<I;ng one ';"g[e an,"',,. ",rerring !O the 1"';1Jg of 'he
logoo< j " th, rl;I;,,,. ,imek"",,,, ...
It " lhO\\ fj";te p1a i)l ,)"" Coef. beill!! i. !odd '" \>e a!\ 3",mpo
mJ rn,li,y. He /i:cJ, 00 "tongl.,- nl)()\J ' il, (hat he imeTl'rt" 'en'" '"cb
., dplll I,.-hich cu m:n~~' h.. a ,olllpoF..1 i ml~,n iu ~ mallll er .bol
i>hing 'he nolio~ of te"'poralily ahogclhct.
\V;[ill (h;, ",al;,)', \\'iroum is" h"illg ",""'Olla! hn~"Hasi, ,,110 i,
i<:k",ifi.d "'i,h (h" Son of Coo." Th" i, 'h" 1",,,,,,,)1 whom God
'I''''e '0 "ho" 1..0 crca(erl th e world . ,,,,_o,-diug '0 ' he nam";,,n iu
roen,,';'. "' .... en hdeso, 'hi' wisdom ""is>, as a ,ibld"" , ub,;"e"ce
t..fu'e 'he CI"<"'KoU of ' he "'ork!: she li'-e. in God l..ofort lime. n. a
I','rsooal ."bjeC!, as a ~'-;I\g "",,.o:mal b)I"""""i. " ~'or ,,'imlll 'is h<',-
od/" a ,,,I""',,nl h";lIg, ",hn "'''-, Ixg ...",,, l..,j("" ,ho .""" ,,,><10"" crca, iou ."
The [-<>8<>' i> .ho ;,Ieb,il;"'! VI;'" 'h e Son of God an,1 h,.. ,ime-
Ir,~)' I.,.,,, ilt the d;\;"" I", ;"g f<' g-~rdIe.. of a~) 1''''''''-1>lior, of Cl"aOOn.
Ik" I"I!''' 1>01"., -,;><"" Old) ""b ""'1""-' [0 ".,,' ~OO M1n<,I)
"~re un,;bIe IQ <"nee" .. ,he .(1,.. , ,, of ,he Son of G<><l ~ I ", ;. rh<
I"""",; l''' ,he I"""", doe. '>01 0..:- '"id, Goo' " ..... ~. ro",,,,,fy
".,'" not thoT<. hu, h<- i, ",id w be "''''0)'' i" Ill<" roth ... ~ ~ '.
<id o,""iv", '" ""'P; u-,.",,', A.~I ,he I.ogo. ",., Irv iD Cud' ,inc<
'1 .. did"u' ...._ ,, ;d, Go.!' .,;, y<,pfyb"" ."", ,Itv _ ). ,"".I d" .
",me ,,,t!.>, n,,, .. ly ....... "" ', j>re<J;c,,,,, ,he " 110\1 both ~i>en be ''''' '
in "p~' ... ,] "'he" he '" ... "i(h Ccod'; 'hi. nlnm Ih., ,,,i,lo.,,. is ,~,
1~'S'-" ",par ",1 I'm'" the "<>X.; oor i, 1" kf( "'.... I.;...,L~", by
lite t'.II>",; ;wd agaill d';' mc"", ,h .. Il<itb,.,. d,< l.ogvo 'benme' i"
d" . ~Pl~ ., if I,,' " ..... "'" iD !h.' ~Pl~. "".. did he .t..c ...... ',0 Goo'
" ir I.. ",<.-e no< '" "h G<>.l" b.f"",_ F", b<f<,,.., .nl' ..;""''''. of I,m<
'" acon 'ill ~oVi ",.. 'he l-oguo' .ud 'the l.og<>s ".,,' ""h (;t<!',"
" ;s ""co ... Lugl), poi",,,,1 "'-" tha' :Joh" .I,d no, oa)' (ha, ,t ... l.ogoo
...."" ,>< 'ha, I", ,,"-' ",.w in .he itpx~, hut h, ' .. id (10:.( 'In ,Il("
" """17<0'0. I, IX. 1. XIX; 1, .\XXI: 1. XXXIV; 1. XXXIX, 6, XX.Xl'llI;

ftJ.... I: _..I.... 1: u,. Ill . 81: V, 39;ft."", 237: ..,,_. I: """"". 10: ...1'<.
:.0-. aor-Ih,. 16; Il-W, 1.2.2 .. m .l.1.
~~ .... a,
" IOW.
~ jo/tD I, 1.
" ......JMo. 2, " ;...r;.~ m;",,_

C/'At'fEx O;;K
t)('ginll ing "'111 th" [.os""" For he "'.'" ill 11>< begi nning crea,illg 11><
hea,,," alld 'he can )" " yet he ni!ted 'bef,,>re thelll. bcillg 'hcir
bl'gi,,,';og in the ..,,, '" , h", it ",n. hin, "'ho ca""'d ,he,,, (0 b.'."
It i, (,mh"r ,-"it"",(,..;[ (ha( Ih. [AOgU' "ho ' ,,~, ill .:.pm "..,
'~h,"y. (a.i) '"iI11 G ",r. heillg him",lf Cod; 'h~ rlid n<)1 oh"'in (hi,
'L~(e ., if he I'I'O\'io",I)' ,,'" IIO( ,,'i(h God' , hut he h.. ~Iwa)'. t>=<:II
ill (hc 'p c'l>ct""I,'icv,' of th e Jl",om~1 (kl~h' ('ii o:~.""'i. ,,,, Or.;. ,00
."'P''"''' 110:&"",.'"
So the [,ego< is I", "'ho li",. in hi",,,,,I. )d nOl ""1"'r~Il'd
From
th e Fa(h", '''t ~ '"'''''''''' ""e' ",~"i" ~iiw,,,t The Logo> i, 1101
",",roU< o,hM' th all CIII;''', ["go< the Go<i. "ho is ill wc Fa(ber,
thmugh ,,'holll "",,)thing h"-' l>e<-n c""",,<I.'"
[n (he Fi ,.,,( Hook of tMmIJoiut i, i, ",-er",,1 ,hat 'it i, ~ary to
<"ami,," ,h,' eo'tnption' of 11.... SOl' p.in".ltillgl)~ in oj,-, 10
..,~ ,,hid, of (h"", h,,,,,, ~I ,,-a).. to<cn ;11 C",I h.;t<"" cn:a(i,," (i'
~a~"p,oTI]") "'it hout ''''l' l><'gill" illg. [, i( onl), l\'i" loo> which ex i"ed
,,;,hOllt btgioning. or i, i, abo ,be InS"" and "Hn life .ml .ru,Il ?'"
A( mal poin( mo ,<&I' O n<:""1I goe. (111)' .. ra' ~, '0 S<" fonh ,I><-
'lU.'''OD.
,\ s),,(Cm .. ,", ~C<"U t" "f (h;, i,wc i, g;..cn in (he ,xc<md flool: "f
the ",me ,,-.,,1<. n.i. i",'Ok M ,ome ,ictcnnill illg I ~ ,i n " of tu, ,i"",'
of,;",. Tb. ",,~"i'i on "0'0""""",,1 to< ",""
of " 111","," [oU' philo.
logical a.nal),, ;, of ""ril~ ,,,,, l POrt;""" ,,'iw Origrn p"'~t"ri"S upon
t"o portio" , ufJ otm: 'In (he bt~n t\;"S "as th e 1."<:",,,' (;." a~x~ ~,
b "'.,.,...... and 'tife 1.><,,,,,,,,, ;" LllC I"go<' (.... ~ ,." kef,'";,,S to
th i, ol"''' ;''g (if J ohn ', go.p.-J. he <",,"":
I", u, "'W'''' ,be", '''''0 in,,,,,,,,,,. or loth
. ",1 """,nn. 11";, ddl,,,,,,,,,,
f'"". le, '" """ t),,, .. " "PI"""" u, r>e. ,he " I"oooonl 'l.ogo> in ,he
b<J>Uuullg' ",,,I ,"",ODCU ) il, l"" ,be ""Pre,.,;.,,,r 'life in ,I", l'-'!l"". The
I<>go< .w m .......... 'iI, .1."
b<,gin.uug': 11.. " "h) il ;, Wo:! 'i" .h"
!.riP'''';''" U~j .1."Log""', fo, d",,,, lob "'" " I",,, d ,,' &~ril "" irra
t;""'>1 &~: 10,,, ~fe Iw.....nd .hi, ;, why ' Ia", I , 1.

Thi. ",ea n, 'h" .. ben ,here "... "0 ,fI.'" ...... ,I..", aJ,., ..." nO(
' ''r '14<1" of ",",,', fo' ,he ugh' of men i. ,u",",,,,""'" ooJr i" ;" r.-l,>-
'''''' to men . .\ ,od let 'OO "' .. ~C<"u'" "" d,;ukj"8 'hat ..-. .pc ),,~,,
mng alJ ,)"...., quo-,''''n. il, a"""", uf 1<OI l'oral seque,,,,,, for timc
caJIOO'I be fou",1 ., alJ " I",,, L be Lbinl .".1 f""nI1 ""'''''Vtioo" of "".
1, '1(0) did "'" ..i " ,..,,_ In the _ .. "..y ,hen ''''t i, ;" ",id ,,.,,
'''-~1IUng ""_ thmu!I:h runo '" 10'" ,,-ery1IUng a-.s 'hrough Iwn .
" d ',her< ...", '''''hiog ,I .. , """ ... " 'id""" bioo""' DO< "'er< ".". ""d ,
io~ ,b., . ... ~ i,,,,",, him. IiIi: j, .,h;., ........
in Iwn. ,101 "I"'t in w.,
run" ,\t{";", " " . LoS"" ~.,., "", "I.., "''''''' iD doe b<giu";ug, "n L ~ I .. ,
"'" in ,he I,.gi"ning"
,\ n exrcllo", r<>rt ion i" h is 11 <>",ili, .. on Kwd ", 10,,,,, "0 room for
a",big"i,):
'To ",",,,,,,, .. ",-",,' i" b)' '""u<c. "'" to be .Mo<::. fo' 0'" be"""",.
""I) ~-lul ~"'" n.... origiuilly."
Tlri, " rg" ",cll ' ,.-~, "pdy lq,Ldd by GT'S"ry' of l"y,,,, ag~i ,," thc
argu"'''''' of I~ unomi ,,,: if the LogOl! is pu, ,,'i,run limi1>. ,he" God
IUm ... lf is I~" "ilhiJ. limil.'l . 11", Cod js i,of,o;," . " d h~ ,he ,."'"
,okn Ih. I.>go> _.J,,~!1cl 1.>0: I'CK"rded .. infi"i'~_ ~'vr 'infu"" i, <x,,,,,,,,j
alv"gsi<:!< ~'i,h ,he i"r"ul<' """ ' ''P<' iv<l ,q:. '.. riPQ> '" .... <tfl'.'" ,_"
E. 01< Fa)'c m~k", a ,..rio", ", ,,,~k< in "..,nj" g tha' ' it i; in ' hc
" .>tu'" "f 'he Suu '0 be muh i" l" a"d diH""''. al~",a~ng ,,, Orige,, ',
a.nal)".", of ,I", eo":ptiOt" of 'Io~ Son ;0 MIfI1f1.7oiu1- Wh .. bl" did
"'" ""np",h"'id i, 1h., ,he ""ncet"" n,, "f ,he Sun, "f'~r \\'i"l"",
and Log.", Of<""" ~!I(l 'h') c"" ld in " 0 w,,) be rcg",<il '" b< i"g
' in ' h< n",ur~' of the S<m . They arc .impl.,. cco.",omic f""c.i"" . "f
'h<: l.og"" wi'hin ,ht world, 0""" this world "","e into c,""encc.
H,"cefml/o. ~'" ",",,";0'" abou t a 'r:Oo:!Ii<- ;"11,.,,,,,,' 0" O rigen OD
,hi, . "bjcc' an; w""'g. I',,.. ,he """",,;;'1 no,io" vf Oril "', awn ~
ccnai" ",-ho " ' hc third a'kl fmnh co nc"l>1i"" . of I~>g". ditl ,,," ~lli,
yet" du,kd E. de F"y"'" d'
the "'-""tt cTtl ', he'" wru um ye' ,intc
bcfor<: 'h" ....odd nj"cd'" cl "ool him too. l"",,,n hcle" Origclt',
" joIw 1,3.

joIw I, 3Il.
" _ _ , ..... n ,. ,'. ,._ " _ .
0--v-. <, , ~> "" ... _
.. Rd1-ri,,!! ID I:"""", I~, J6, II_;&. .. E_~ 1'1.9.
" Gre(O<"l' of 1',..... Coo,.. J",-_. 3, 2_ 20
" er. P.. do- r. ). "1>< )"i"H .... "". du G""""'....... ,h 0ris<"'"' RnM M
1"11;'",,, ... ~~. p..,;" 87 19211. p_ 21 I.
.. I/~, .. ~, 1.1.

,Ad
.,.,1 '" '''''I*J ,"","'>fj- '" rJ ~ ....., ... ,' _1>'., .. ..

'>t~.,
-:JO;'~ "'_I '0"''' ...
' !~ ' ] '?Q '"
'G-Gl', '_1/ .. .. ""ofJ '" .. ""~ ) ' [11; ' I '00::) L ' ...... 1'" ....,."" I '" '"
'6' 'o,U '.T .~ '''''11 '''"'' '.~:~" -"'lI '-t '11 f'UF G '01 "'l"r1"'T<',' 't '01
'mr>f..., '9 '" "'fOr'"", ' ()!; ' 1 '><>:J 1 '.-...,,*, :, I 'l -.1 -...... J:) ..
Tn ' _ .... 'I1"'fJ "It .. ,;"," , -:J' [ 'I """" ~I I .~ ''l<iJ '()I; 'I '>0:) I
J:) _~"'.""''' """" 'W '.,. .. ' "".~""' ''fO!.' .~ n'~ '" 11~ ""'-"1 ... ,0) I""'''
-"fKm .. ,~ ~ "!! ...."".>do fI'R' ."""'" "'I '" ~!I"">"" .; . ~ (...", "'
1....-~'1' "'I.1ow "'I ''''"''''' "l ..... P'+"" ~ "~'I:). J:} T .H "'I"l.......
t'!"~ ' _11"11 " 'II..rJ "If .....," ,)"
..-a '_"f" "9'-11 ..
-~" I"'" '"'P' 'J,1.Y,"""1 "~'jl 1'''0,\.'\1 '(", ..." " '~I pd~~",!, PJO." . '1\
4~n",'" ' ! ""'''p<>J10! "'I ,Iq_" "! '~Il' P" ~ (P "",,-,li-,''''l 11.\\0 '.">li!"o
,uwJ .(n"l<l rlOpu n) ".,jg ~ ''''l '! '''~L ,'''''UO'"I.-I .'P.
uOI<>,,,hc, '! '{l
IJJcli>J 0, ''''''''-'''''! 'R"'P"~~lUJ "'1 PI ""-'I l l .. ,.,,,,:w..li
lIuJo utlluo pu~
,.uno, ,"p . c pon ~ ,,!'nl' oo<,=<lx, ~CI""" c , .... " QI!'~l '~')-""l."
.. ' ~"" kl 0' ..,,,,dd~ "O!",.."b<., JO P"" '~I""!S ''''',lVA, '"'''?''''''' AI!"
~w~ !"" ~" \IlI<' !><:t,."""~""!I '! I "!,~I "'ql ,. 1'""" """"Id "Ll.
..t""IJ ~'
11" JO . ,,,Suo, 1'''0 ."'un..... , '~{' "'I 0, I'~I." 'I (,o'"" 3 '~ l',p,,,,ibJ)
"''''4:) 'P!'P' '" ""u,," ~'Jl ,n" " ,,!od "O!load p..>lOnb ~u 'I""""'i~>J 'l>U!"''''J!'~"t~ d,.,[>' UIWJ ""'I' 011." <lP'I" '-" O!I " I'
'LI ', m r JO .xl!"' "1 '.1" 'l(~1 "1' 'lu"l<b,1' " 1' '.uq'".i "1' 0, "~"'~ "'"
'1'"4." qSno.; ,1' "'01' ~'I' -4",",1 '''Jl' ''IO>O''{~ '"".><1.. ,. ".,d<fu ~'!
'1""1," {q '''I''. 4'''' '''O!).re .~ulll" !-"I-''''!'t:.'l'''. "4 01 P"'>P'" '"OI'''~
'!4 Ql ,,!cu.,d "OS ~4 ' JO iIlo!,dn1.-.:,! JLll. ... ,AOl\,,( 'lI-n \>"9 l).'l)
.'o:o.~[ "'" ~'Jl "1"''!I'J '-"'''''I~ ~'I. '~~J "! ,,,,,,!,,L~,,o, J" 'I""!'I"'"
LllI"O,J'I ' w&Y I '4' 01 ""'J" ",,,,,,,,,. J! ",.u ' '' q.l . . "i') .'!lo. P"~
~AOrl ''''u, ~ "! >11 '(!lp J(IJ. ~ ,'"-'0 " ;O&Yr "'IJ.
'.>J0J>.J<),U_
",'" [,'0,\\
''-1' '4"U) "J'I "~ ''''''<>'''-'''' 4~u ,~ n'~ ,e ~IN! ,..)'''~ "'1 .... , [lOO"
'J"I''''' ""{ >f<lun= "'J .. """~-,,Io pu . ,,,",u,-, " 4 Olli,,,I'-"''''. ~; ."
.(" eu. Ul I'",,,oll,,,p "'I .;.. u ''''I ,,,,-,;x,, ,,' '00 P"I"" " ".... 4:)
.. .. u' !'!
JOJ ,.""",, >" " "P JOJ '''''"3><h<,,,1 , ,,om .. .>J~ .>J"'p 3WU ."" .. "'I' ,~
"1'4." '~''!J'K) ' H>J r pW I .{ u, ,n ~""c, ... '" .),,0 '! >.J'''I'~ 11'" ,:.. >."",1
n,
" ! I'"'!-'~-' ""I ~,,'~) ... " ! ~lLO "'I ., .." ~4 ""1' '''''''~'' .("",,, '''''I
"':x>o:i;~ "'''~ I p -"'I,un '00, ' H,,!-"'S "1' .. "lL"J~'p "'~ ,"u.>w,.~"
"-"0 ~"M~'f')
"
lie. ,h;' ,,,pr~,j()O, i. ,h" fll,bm~u'al \'i~,"' d~" ' be cvu""!,' i"u, of 'he
Sou bt.:O>M, which iruplie. ,he ",o.,i,o act of God , Thi, ;" ' he <0,,
teXt i" which 'l'''ilar exp"",;"". ,h"uld be cO<I,id/:,.,.d.' Ol
Of.1l Ihe '''''''options of the Son. it i, onl} Wi,dom .nd ~
Ih.t ""'" ... i,h the ~athCT beginuingi<>Sl)". The ",,' ut them bllfN.
which meall' 'hC)' h.~d " bcgillni"g aud arc the prod "ct of 'he ere
Oli"e "<, of God. Sillce , hi, poiut ;" <cutr~] for ,,,,de""'lHli"g the
,..,boo" of (;",1 to crc~,io". r di.!c ",. it p",s,,,,, ly.
R. i\orri' is "0" "",re srholar amol)g Ihos," ,"'ho u><.'<l It"" '" ~
",ain """", . C"""'luwtly. ","" .., ",,,,,,le.
wcre in,~;'abLe: he ......"
,h~t ',he I ~'!,,,,. "PI><a" ;u Orig.,,, 'ptem a' 'he 6", "'1' 'do,,"n'
Jroo, the 0"" io , lie S"".lm of e>Ostentt.... A, ,,,ch. he is. or "'>n""'.
'g",",,,,,,,r h'" uo, ''''J''',;'' and Ten<dlj"n ",e111 to It"'-e ,,,,,gilt)
a, ""'me IJOio, prio, ro doe c,eal",'" of ,he " 'odd:""
III ' he light of 'h" ,b und"'"" "f t"Xl> ,"'her< Origc " cXI'Ii.;", .. hi,
,;"". of the l.os"". a,>crt;on, . "ch as thl. '<Cln ~"o"i,bi nl! ' Tbi, i.
wh), r ba,,, rcgartlcd ;, '" all ibdi.peu,al>l< pan of my lDctlloo to
'Iuo'e Origell', 0"'1\ ",,,ds. For di"onlllg aUeg~ti"''' .uch as ~>e",
of ..... orri. "pl><ar :os " ie"" of 'he "' aiJ"',....~'" srbol""It;p. ",hkb
'0
' 1'P',a ... be dennin<d to fi,,,1 I~()\in"'- " -"rldp;',,,,,,, and per
<'1"i"n of Jlcillg into Origc,,-' th""ght . TI1\" he Ib inb ,I"" Orig<n',
G",I "lll" b<: the 110tin;all Onc. The 1'Io,;n;"" Mind ,,'hid, i, iru , ,,<~
,liaody ,10"''' from the Olle on"" 1>< 'he Logos. '''Id "'" on.
I" "",'" of ,I", ,-.. " ",,,,, I><r of "hob", ... h" ",.de ,ionil", ~Ik-ga
tion, :.!,,"ut On!:,-n, the c~." of :-':0";' i. o"l~ on e><ampie. let ~
I'"ra,bg",a,", """ . T" amid an lln"""c",~rily nu,,;,-~ k"gl h of thl.
W"B. I hall: to ton,id...- nr,,,, ""hcT ,haD u"li,-id 'H'] ""h,,"' ... Sir"iL>r
alleg'"i<>os (namely. poO(" I.>U"K ~;u,"r" Iht'mk or N"'plat""ic per-
reption in O, iln'. thoogl" ,,,-t<' "'ad. by othcr< , ,odl as C. Jligg.
It. Cmuul :'11. Si"'''''''''i _ E. MolbJl(I. J I).-mic]"", G . 11()(",~1ci
(," mention ""m" <.Of th"", 'Ul' llO>Cd ,0 I,. prominen, <' I",n<n"
of U",,"'11 ', tho,,~4" ; 'fte ,-icw. "f them. a. ,,'cU "" of o, he", like
T. T orrancr. 1'. Ih ..\1. \\'~mer. a",1 ome" me",io",:d in ,Iue
c"" ..... _ Whil, C _ Jligg pu, the h'n" 'l'l,'oni,,' in ,he ,i, k' of hi, ,,'OB
uld udi"K Orig"n'. ,h""ght, ~ J. W"m"r had no bc,i,alion : h" as,Cl,"
th.t Urigell found a 'crurc p"'i,ion 'Ul 'he religious phil",opfty of
.., er. c.o, 1\'. ;3; IV. H, VII I, 11: 0,0" XXI I
... >LA. Soni Got! ... II'"u", t:.!J ~ " ..... ;OH ,"to\, 196>,],. l~'.

C/IAt'fEx O;;K
l\eoplalolci,,,, '. "" The'" ...., mhe,.. "'ho pro"idt ""'OIUIt> of Origtn"
,bou~111 u,rol'1\h a.... ,,;"''' " 'hi<"b ..... "'i,lc~,Ij"g ge""r~Ij"",ion' ....ch
a, Ihi" ' I', ilo>ophically ' he "''''tn n< of O rigcn i, 'puhe,i, ..,f
I>]"tunic, An>to,e];"I\, and S,..,ic ekment" ";lh Ihe <o"'''1'tio ll ..,f
<I;';", pro,;dencr a" d of ,Ii"in, law being l'LuolI;" ,,,,d Stoic.""
Subk'I""U1 to hi, dtci,;on to bmud Origtn ft, d 1'L~ton i;,t ~nd tar
bim ""ID (1". I'TU,h of l\eopl.<1o,ci,nt. ","orris d~,,,,, <I"" Ong""
'i ll si,,, . , " h.t ..,ne cann011hink vf God " 'ithollt thinking ~t the"'ln<
til1l' oflh' "',..-1,1 ill which G,.1".' e"atil" g,~.dllc" i> lIla" ihtI."' "
Thi, i. <h. 'll'ical "I)fO,';'}I' ,]e",nhing 1'L"o', 'hoLlgh'- 1II<Io.,,.-t,
th i, c~ I'r=iou i> th e "od motto uS/:d br the "' hob" ",ho fC"/!:m1
Ongen"' a ' I~"'o,,i,,' , H",,e,"er. Orig"" hold! a c<"''''1'Uo'' of(;od
in Him ""If ~p"" from .n) cO I\C"ptlo" of ,"""lio'L In hi, I' ie". ,Il<
So" of <H.d (ool>c, i,..-d a< \\,i.d"l1I "lid ["8''' i. in Ih. <i;,;,,,, real_
i,)" .. n perwu "ho i; rd.1t1 to no Onc bu, God I" <hi, "",0 ,her<
i; uo crca<i(m; tho ",le rc<'~')" i. the (~,'ine olle. IMmdr, the boeillg
of (;",1 H ;b,,,,lf.
".\1 W"""",. 710< ~ '!I ~ Oopoc. 1>. 5. ij,.,.oon. ;o:<~ ""to

1%1.
p . 1 I~ .
.. Wo\. HanotT,-o.;,p..oo ,... Tr,od;"", of l>.tund I.. " Cone'l "'-. I'd loo
0loI< ,.."". S 195'1. p, 10 .
.. II..A.
oo..,,"~,.
"on-i.,.,.
cif.. I'. I~t, et G . ~,.,. cif, p. ,0 "is _od) cito(.
tha, [)rigm looI<k " ...."ptKon of (,,,J II"-jf ~;,ho"t ,_, uil)' olOnl_
t"",
ing of , ... ",,,,,,I at , .......... nu. ;, ".!ling poOo' '" "w.-h ! oh.oIl """""
"''' '-

T H I,: PkOV[l)E:\THL Ck ~~\T IO "
Th .. impooan, "1<,,,,,,,,
in m) a"aI)~i. ru,heflo i. "10' Orig"n 110111
C<)nc"!,,iQII <..of a ",.Iit}" '''' hen ' ' there ;" ""ilI11"' lim~ It,,,
the "mid:
realit) ,.-ben: there i, not hiJlg ap.1I1 fwm G",I him .df. Ilu. i, why'
he >!ate. that it ;" G(~l who i, the original 'pbce, ". i, wc",' lo', o"'t
,6,"'>1 of we l.og... .' Ceno.inly it i; uu"ly hard t.. od,unbra,e , hi!
re:.Li,). ,,,,ee ,h i; i, ,he di,'''' I;J, ' i,self h is "Snific:",!. " ,,,,,th.,.
".~., ,h., then: ;" a I",n.epli..,n uf a ,1iJI~ "'fo" <TtOIiim (," 'pJ :Y"'< ....I'
h ;. out of ,hi, ",alii) II"'t G'KI dHiti" to c""","'e ami the IIO';(~l of
'coming ,ntO beillg oul of ""n.beiug &ox.... to make ..,,,,.,.
Tili, i, a oritical po,,,, of th. oOllCq"ioTt of G",I '" Crcator. 'Il,c
'I"e<tio" d,ouS b i, thi:>, "'hal did G",I c .... "I< i" th< begi:mu',g? O ul)'
Qnce ,he an""c, to , hi, q",,,tiOtl i, colnl'rehemk-<l. 'h~ doc"in~ "f
cTC~ti o" ,,ill be "pp,o"che<1 p,ope,ly. T he Wi"lom of O(.d i. fK>r
tm)"cd "' a
'",w.t.n, 1,.:;"8' """in "h" "';,., 'bew", the "".,.,,' .pb , .... ~(........ ,
,,,<1 e.i",.,. 1><0", .""',;.,,, '" t;'"eles. ~"ili>;.ll";"g; ,..h<" ~ ""'~
IisJrd ,,.,,.,. le f'O<Io ... w T"'""t,6 ', ,h,,, ,., 1>_ ,/.. 'bcgi"'';''g"
~1Tt of G,~r, ~")~, 0011, of ,be " .. ,,''''n...../
",,,I ~Mi ,.,. . .....
~"o:m ,~; .POV"'1u ...... '" ,hi. I.<~ i ",,;ng "pr~ I.... rolt",f 1.<,,,
""",the,. "ith ,I." 'n""''''~ " slot " " - dttiJ' .!W>q ~ ""11/1 to
_ ~ ""'""&" v..., rct thi. ~ i "loo , i. timc/oo ,.. wj cxi", .. . ' 1'1>-
'pO Qi ........ a"o. '. a..
~anti .. ,u,*,"' with God bcfQo- .U <"'.m, ;, Il< ~ ...;., d(S"", """~
\.to\1'X""""','
The dr1enuinitti!: el<me"t itt"c.luccd i. the di";"tti<>o Ilttwccn whtu
" caUed ",..-iJm1ioJ c"'~tiott fro m the co.,InM:Mtud o nc, ,,'h;eb came
into "xi""n(~ :I> Ihe material world.
, -J""'- 2, XIX.
, .-~ \IQ. ,,",' 111 .
- ; . . . . 20, 11
, ,.,-. a 1'G . 17. 1 ~~ . r . """'...,."" ,I ... '" Orig<"n \\"'Iom" on< ............
",. ~ ~ 1..1ow G"d . ~ lU<b ;,. """""""'. I'. 11 ..... "11 .. Conc<p< 01" Imoilly in
I'atr.....
.. T_", . <11., I'. ,.,.

c,w', to" ,wo
' [ ho", "I'< 11,." dilru~nt I",rtio", "fGc ne", which .ugg , ,h"llhe
'-er.,. cre.hH act of God to ,";.., in IJlingir'g tert";" '''''.... (lO-yoo)
inw b<i"g 0'" of no" -ooJlg , Wh", God '\I"~""'l' w", not i"" "'",..1<';
;, "..~, ,h"cr """';1'< <lU j" ;, ..1(' "[1-.< d;,';n.. ',,,llXl, (1.6]00, .'" 'h<-
'rca ..:." .,,' (MY')! "ITorrli ng to "'hid, crea,ion i. functio ning and pro
,-idc<l foo-.
'n", fi", p. ' '''gc i. t ho ",)-i IlK I..et '" u",k~ "", n ir, our i",ago,
af,er Out like" ...... So G",I (",~,<-d ma" in lti' cm" image. in the
imag<o of God created he him; mal. a"d t;,mate o1""""'d h.. thcm'.'
'n", ~ond I"'"g< ;" ',\nd the I.ord form1 ,,~'" of ,he duo, of
th e ~"oIJUd' , '
The in(""'lICe dr""" ti"tm, oh"", scrip,ural portio,," ;, 'hat G",I
'"re.. ",!' human na", ,,, nud i, i; onl)" L"er ,ha, 'he ",,,,,ria[ . Iem''''
""l<o~ inlo Ihe ":,""'~'i<,,, . Th;, mca", Ihal ,,'ba, " ..... ",ad<, 'ill ,b<,
imaW" ,,f Cud had ""t hing to do wi,h ' '''''tod, ,i,,,,. 't he (,.-.1 mal'-
wbo "'" ' ",,,,[e 'iD ' he i",age of God' w,!> 'il1l ,,,,,tnial aud >L11K'rior
10 all)" ("rvorta[ """ ",'.'
'l1,c ",,,ne IJOtioI, is '~I',...""",i in ,b<- L'''o' u--~",1"liot, of the 1I.... i1""
OIl !..,u,
nocrc "r< '''''-' im,%,"> il, ma".' Onc il< rccri,-.,u from God ""hell be
"., ma<k, ill ,It" b.>giJUUJlg. '" Scrip!u,,' "')' ill the bo", or G"", ... "
'~oo ... !in~ '" ,h" im"l and lik<"" .. or O",f_ ~ '11", ",10", i",",go '"
... d,ly" H ", ,~i",, 1 ' hI> """,od image h,.,. He "',,, <"Xpelled r",,"
1"00". 0" "cco"n' or ,1i """"li<'K~ ,, ,"I , in, afl<C the 'pri,,,,," of this
,,otld" h.od 1<o,!~cd him ..itl1 hi; ..JJUl"CJDem. I'ur. jw.o .. tbe (u;'"
'" "'''''',.", i..., ." imag. of , .. "nq .. ror or ,i,i. ,,-or. I, '" I.. ~' I", 00."
,he ,,,)tl. of the '",Le, of 'h< d,,"''''''''' be,,.. ,he im"l of him '" h.,..,
"'",h 11< dua. J""" rornm.,,~kd ,I" , 11c<, ''''>g'" >I~,,,Jd be lwodl
o,-,-c.,od c, ,"-.y [,"''' '"" r=. He ,,;11. '" '0 ,4< 0" ,h., UIC<g<
-nu, p,.:m, .. ...-,ll .. d", .~ o;Ii", __ "" ~. ",," " ''''''"' <am< iruo
1,0:;' '11 "'" of_.lxi"" by <kMoec.". """"" ," ,1 Cl,';. 'Il-oe "",,,nOOn of X)F<"
~.., ,l<i_ TO "'""', ..... , Orig<" moll)' held. do,,'-; .. of I I"" ohao ,W-t,,,,,,,,
.,;",;, _ com~L 1\, l<)-gt<o. ,.,.,. ... f:-, It. b)- I'billip 'h.,."" Phda<i<lpru',
";3, p. :Il.l2_
, 0<". I, 2.H!',
O<~. 1,26 n
IMf. IIGI', " . 16, p. ~lI.
, Cf_ C ...... IM C-t., I"""""" V S.
" 0<".1,2;
, I Coo-, l~, 19_
'. John l~, 31.
" EI'II. 6, 12,

"",ot"(\;ng ,,, ",Iud, ". ~"'~ ",""le m.n .... l.,pnnin~, ><c",du'~ In
"
GOO', ~ ""'~ "
The idea;" rXl'"",,,I<.1 a.I;o ;" ,I." eo...w.rary O. IN c.Mr~
".uI "'< ,\ """Ie kn""" ,Iu, "<0; and l><illg f'<"'>C'>1 of a ,-cl) dear
w"lers,,,,,di ng of lLe m. " "" Le ,,"'.,. ;0 I,;. le",...,00'" I~';nl) ",,,I
"i,h K""a,e. I",,;u;,y ,ha, ,he,.., .r. in [:.el'''''' ,,,,n in ""'<)' ';ogle
no ... . Il c ""Y" for in."""", 'F"" if "'u- "" ,,,,-.,,1 '0.0 i> com'I>tc<I. l"
d.,'
,'>< "".... ,,' """ is TC","",<:d bj' ""r'; .,"1 W'n, "for I",,, okli[d,,1
",'" <I", I. ", of rood """""t'Ill! 10 t/1< ",,,,,,,I lOaD';" .,~I ,., m.Uc.
some od"T .!akln,."" 01' ,;",;h .. . ;,><1. Id"" . " . ,...ro ..... no Of".
"",gin ."'- Ioo'ge' to <Ioub< wlo>< .\1 . "", "T(lte in ,he I><-g;nning of
(kn.,i, obou, ~'C o'_" ;"g "",I r., hiorUng of '''0 ""'" 'u><c ~< "....
".uI. ,, 110 ""<I<,,,ood "h...\1"". ",Tok much I","er ,b.u w" du, ",).
iD~ ,bao tk", arc "'0 me" ill "'''1'
,~'c of..". or,h",", "..-" "le" he
k il, ," ,I , Lhe 01,,-, " ."M"l'_ (10,- it" .., " .. " is ",,,,,,,, ..1 fro", d.) ",
,la )', bool ,.... ",I",,., ,h";,, ,he on'or. . . oI"d,,,,,,,
'0 !,.,. <""" 11 .oId
~<nl ;n oil ,h. ~";n" ",Id ;" ,,,,,10 "" !,.,. "' .. Mn,df. If "")1hu,S
in "'lfd,,1 la ,I.. '''''II".liD """'Ob dwWol \0 'UfO'''. i1 ,,' ~I be 00'
,,, '''pi.:Uru'd j" ,10" .'j~"'l"'; ." I~."" IIn' 1<, '" ,~,,,' fo lk"" 'q' ~ I.."
",0.. ,,,;,,,,.,1 W"'" .h"" , ,I", ;,,,w, a,Kl,I", ""'," ",.","
\\'1"" ki n,1 of '",,,.lion " '.. ,bi, n" n of 'doe !'rgumi"g? I; ,Ici,
I'l""ni.; 1"""''I'' ;Utl of atl ' ill''''1",r".1 "Qrid' made in 'h" l.><gilO nillg
"" ,~~i"" ,bat ,0 "m"l" ",bob ", 10",-< l>roml~l)' a>cribe,1 '0 OrigC1l?
The aM'" '0 thi' Ca., be trac-ed '" a Tlurol><:r of poirm of G~k
portio"'. "hid' e'''nC<" ~,a' hi, 1><:epl;o" of ~'" o u (Com~ oflh. cre-
aU"e " c, of God is t". from be;"g " I". is cum'"d), all'1>",1 be. '0
II'h cn he ."e~" of .h" 'inc{}'pon-;J ' ,h'l came inl.O hcing ""'
lIon.bein!{, he ac,uaUy refcr> I~" '0 ,he>< ,\Dyo:o' , which m""" 1~>1h
"r
ir, it! litem) "'''''' .....1 <'O<",ial l'ul"l'on 'ue",n""'- of God. '" well
'" 'rea",,,,', l bis i; ,b . ';"<""",..,,,1" Ik" f"O\< ;"'" beU\g 0", of "0'"
"':illg, I'~rtic ul,c c.", i, ta\:cn to tn ak< , hi. poi"l ,k~r--cu<: who" i,
is ... id <I"" God m.<le A(b, m. il 'hould to<' I~h" in", ace""nt ,h;"
.iIe "'I'm 'Ad",, ' in Grcd mra n.j"" 'm"n'_ T h u. 'he 'laTT.>ti()Il of
~1 __ doc, "0' ",fcT .0 '"n)" inJu,m,al" ...:.~ "" .,.. "'P' '-vi<; """'" '.
bul , iu'ply poi"" 10 ~" cn:,,,;o,, of '\b, huo" '" ",,,,, n:' ;hdf ("'~\
,~, ''''' ",~o~ ,,:.,..,.1."
" 11_ .. l.ok, 3'1.~ .

.. 2 Co<, I, 16 ond Rnm. 7, n Cf_ If>h, !, 16,
~ c-...,. .. "" c....-/r. I...,.,....
Z-I ---5,
" &/" 1\ . <0; tho ""'..,", Oh. VU .'>O.

CIW'I to" IWO
III ,,,,",",lIl111 i, i. l)Oillhxl " ", ,h3' ,he fi"" "f the .. I)<,,,io,,. of
GCllC.i! cefeD to ' ",.Ie .nd fe",,,I," nOt to 'mm, .. "d "'o",an'; .1'0,
,he ,,,,,,e 1'Itr_olog)' i, ""xl i" the Hel,,,,,,' origi",,1 leXI. ,"'hic h i.
adduc..d a' ,hal point of ,.".,....11.". n.., rliffircnc.' ;, !}1rdo.d a,
,ub,ullIi"l: for th~ "pre.';"" '"",k ""d femal' "";"" "'hat'0 w.,
eJ~"ted ~" ,10, imttgc' , wherc,," either '01:'11' '" ''''O''L~It' ""It ucnr
pe""in '0 wh,,' i, J'M"eil"e.1 '" 'ill image' of God loiJi.." .. :rap
fUv/J
to ,ot . ',"",,, 0000\ "v~p .." Agailt Oris"n r<iIC,."',,, hi' fu ,,<tltne"
tal opin;o" tha, W iM01f'O'",j miUUlfr /kits II()I rifrt le IN "wMtt
lJI~1 f'n..... b"l o,~)" 10 'ho or"~'io,, of Ilk"" logoi.
""'!Y
III ,<mm]""" Uri~":o, focu>c. on 'he Myi,,!! 'a"d God "'\\ ,hat it
",'"" good'. " He I>oio" ou, tha, this ",f<renee '" ,,'ha, w,,'
created
can .,.,,,,",, onl)' to the ' rc,,,,o,,,' of ,hing<, not '" the ""tual ",at,.
rial mu'''' ,h,'m""k .. ,. T hi. 'cr".';"II ;" 'he coming i010 iJ<-in); of
th e '''''''''' of "U th""" ,, hic.b "WO tu "otlle ill'u c~;"MlCe . At ,Ic"
poi'" tbrn:: is a ll rxtcu;in arg<JUlrllt appea lillg to it",allen frum
Gen ....... Spc;w"S ab".." '",. b""'t"" ""d C.l""', and " .... illS ,loinS"
aDd I",,,,,,." bow is i, 1'oosible 10 sa) ,h., t, "'""s <lw ac1",,1 "rra
,,, "'. lhal Gotl ,a",' "> I".in); 'gooo.e AI"< lhes< Loc"Oi. '!!oo<l" ~ ... m
""hc,' c.:"ainl) "Ol, Orige" .""", . 'n"n-r,,,..e. i, ...... , n<>' th~""
creat" ..... ,h<",.ch-cs ,hat G'~I "'''" a, 'go.~~l": "what ""'" go<~1 w",
th e r!'aY<J about t hcUl~." Referring to J ohn !. 15, 'lIc hokl I ,ar to
you. [ill "1' )"1)\" "l-"" and ".e 1I1<' 1;"lds. for ,he) ",e "!I"<,d)" ~'Ioj'e
for h,,,,<~t', he comments th~,, "
Tbe expr<";'~ , 'Wl up )....... <)u OC<~" ill ",;u') j>I.. iD &rip<ur<
... 1",, 11", dj,i". l.ogoo .. I",,)(,i;!, .... u, 10 <ni, ""d Iit\ "I' "''' 'ho"gh'"
.,.1 to .......1< ,Le i J ";~h, tru" lie. !",Io~ i" r.th<, .ickI) rotI . lioo.~
,nd ;" -"OOped ""d oom!'''t''" i,,,,,,,,.,.,, ",i,,,,,,
" r I<>oIcing up," a, ;"
fOT "' ~ "nc< ", ... iah. ' (.if, ,~, )"0'' ' <)<0 . ",1 ","c. Who h., on..x all
,h"", thill!!, m."."!l?'"
U " the othCl' h.",1. "0 onc "ho e.,pe';cuca pru,;o", a "d who h
duns ' 0 m~ II"'h and ~n cO"''''ed " im " ,,,,c,;,, [ m iog>. ha.
-.,, 0.",
_ "<111, H , 16 .
I, lO.
~ ,,,.,,. I. 2().
" G<". I, 2'
~ -.7-. 11, XUI.
~ _Joh.. l~XlJI .
b Cf. I ... ke 13. Ll .
~ I.... W, :16-

Qwn:<:<l ,he <x>mm. " d tha, ~,).. , 'LiA "I' ),,,ur ey~.'_ ,\> re,"It .
ruch " pcrso" ,,iU "0'
ott the f",ld.. "'''0
if they be ",Iready wbit<:
for han'e,,'. I;k",,;s<. no 0>0< 10;" LA .. I "p hi, ,"}",;f he (0"0",,",
0.0 pcrfonn (lie " -orlo; of 11 ... /le,h"
I\'H 'w.: f.dob are al"",dy ,,-hi," for han'.... "hen 'he 1.og<J' "f
God i. I''''''u, clarifying nnd ill lJ Ulin.~'illg all d.. f1'Old. of Stript" n:
,h~t an: 11'O~'!( fulrtlhl by hi. .oi""nt, n", perh,f", '00, We ,..bi'e
tk ldo 1ha, an: read)' for hM'.-e" !O th".e who ~tl up 1heir eye, "n:
all ,h. I",in!:> ,h~ , ~ .... 1"'r<:<'p'i~1c to the ",."", . ;",-Ioo;"g he.,cn
it.df a" d 'ho i><i"g> i" it , Thi, ""..,,,]d 1.><, ,rue hecau,e ,h~ reaw"
IJ-.O-ron. of e~c h o"e of ,hem i> "kar 1<) wO'< who, I,, hoiug t,.."._
t("me<! into 'he ",me im>ge from glory 10 glor)"." haw ""\un,,,1 a
~k,,,,,," of tllo .. eye> ,ba, ha,,, "'u how each of 'he ,hillg> dIal
h.,e I~'"" mad. ,,"'" ;:000. F" .. ,I" , d..<!a..,tio<\ CO"""'n;!)!: each of
'he ,,,,.t< 'Cod .. ". th.. i, '''.. good'" mea", ,h;,: (,..:>cl
h,ked <lo:el'ly (....is.:. i" ,o ,be miSO . . 1-.0-,0'>1 of e~ch cr<anU'C a nd
>a,," how eacb of 'he crea'ure. i> good 'ega"u ng the "'''"''' aocord_
O\g to " 'hich i , h",] come '0 he "d) ' <AA; yq.,.;.-. '",,,w.
l-./tjuu,
/"ti~ ~"M\,,).
If ..,,'0<'" "'." "'" ""e ohe ",)i,,~. '''od ".'" ,h..., i. "-.os go,-,d'" u,
lIlli ""). \C, hi", oxpL'in h"" the ""-,,'m,',,, 'God .." oh~, it """ good'
hold. ,rue in ,he ",,.... ' I.", tloo """'to ~rin~ fon/, ,h< c .... p;n~ <"',_
"" h.. ,i,,~ ~k ,nd bm_I, fl);n~ ,f,o,,, lIte .. tth "",le, ,he ~1'<lC>"""t
ut I",,,,",,'" .. ,d "''"'' mo.-<" to ,,,," I""'''; 'Goo """k the g"''' ....-
,,,,,,\>ocr"." I~", ,he ",."'" 'IJ _It 'If~. 0 J.ifro.; 10 pi ' ' ' ' 0\0
COO ""'. i, 'go,,,!', \\" , mu!! S") Lb. """" ",i~g< abo:d>o.t, ,he ,,000,
""hich
' I.. , ,he ",.,b hring fonh ,ho ~';nK c""'''''~ ".. ,-m,,g '0 ,be ,utd.
,,-", ... roool c'=" ""<>. ,.".1 <Te~pu'g 0'-''''''''''', . od it<.. ", of ,he e.rtI,
"",,'ft'dj"g to ,106r ki"d." '0 "'''-'ch ~I ", i, atkI<d. 'COO .... ,10., ;t
,,'''' good'." t 'ur 00..' af< l>c~~, and cr:ping c",.lure, suud. unJc."
oJ-.' __ "'''''''''''' w.. '0 ~ 0 ..pi "" ..... ;. S''''']?''
Thoo< ,... ""'" I),irr<>, are ' he <obj<-'''' of "r.'",io" , Thi, mo""" 01"" wc
do "0' hn", cre.,;on of i",li,;du31 1"',-,""01 being., far Ics, of
" .--y...., 13,Xl.".

, 2 Coo- 3. III
Cf,
" Gm I. In_
" Gen, I, lO_
" G"", I. 10
.' ('><n, I, 2l.
" Gen, 1, 2',
" G"" I, 2~.
" .--y...., 13, X).I'= ;,060:> "....

c,w', to" ,wo
inLV'1)Oreal pcrw ,u,l bo.';"g> . lI'e ILwe er<:a,i"n of logoi, ' h" ;", <.tf
!Cl"jo"" <.tf p<Wi1,;li, ic" of pri "cipb ,u~1 co""ituti,.. " "d cobC'i,.,.
(a'''''', of I.,," ",,<I (a;" aliti"" of.1I kin,h. \\". ha"e (r<:aoon <.tf ,Ire
principle. accordi,,!!" to "hich 'he ""rid "01 "1)1) "ill c"" ... i"to
being, b,n abo ,,;u Ite hdd and ."Olaio.:d . \l'e ha,'. 'he JiN 'I"" """
fmll,<wo rk for the eruCTgeDce of the ,,'orl,1 '0 l>c poo,ihk. lI'e ha,...
aD ..""l utioW'f) coocq"iou of ereati"". y<l ,10 .. world .. D'~ ,.,.g~rdcd
'" ab a<Uom",on. Or a ;elf. reg"!.>t",1 .)""rem (oll=" i"l; ito 0"'" e,,..
I",io" . en.,;"n is """,,~ml)" J,. j",,,J,-,ll 0" d", u.,;o., be<:.",.. all
th ... cr.ated pnllcipb and logoi a", being in th e [""'1\<'>', In lhe
fu\al """I)"';, cre.tiou ;" ""t"i"cJ "",I kO]~ in l>ci"g only httu"...
, he I.ogm. ,,'ill. ,",," Ob me omer b""d, thi. me;'''' ,ha, the m",,',
""'" I'~nce "",I "",iUD <.tf the l.og'" make. creati on to be me,,'
",,,, I) cn'ot<:d . T h. , '''''''''>' tl.., oon"i""i,'o c.""," mal.<- ,hi> ".ci,"",,
to ""01"" ami 10 h" tran,foml<;d ".:"""le.,Jy,
'n", actu al "' . tcri,,! CT<atiOll ,""i.ts 011 aceo",ll of tf", I'ru\;'lc"tiai
(n:~,ion. th~ latte, i, (he 'eau...,' for (he exi!teDre of ,h~ Kom"". "
.,,"';.niog ~~" ' ''' of )(Og<>i . '"It is ).. '<:."...

<.>f Ihi. , .... cioo th~, (b<-
e"tire ,<"rid b,,, I"",,, ;.hk (0 ha"e co".~ i,0I0 "x" ( . " oc~'" \3, ' ~~
",i"" 5rou'"n''' 1'i nU<>u ~I{"(' V."""V"t '." )"~t mi. ;, nol "nde ....
'''~.! in 'enn, of te"'I)()r.J ",="ion: tile 1''''''~I<",ial cr."ti"" i.
pn:",,,, and u"""'.lltlr a, work ..."d it ;. beun" of (it;. comi,lUo,, '
"o;"u d,at ~'e m'''c,;,J " 'orld is l..,i"l; 10. ,1,1 in exiso:"oc . ~1a""r
fn"ction. on """u nl of;", ixi"g rulerl hy (hi. >cl of 'rea,,~' '', 1."'0,
p,,..ihiliti,,, and C~"'"", ~cconli " g '0 ...
hid, th, "orM ,-,im ~Jl (1
mo,',,, for~"-.",1.
'n,;, fund"mon",l c01' r'1~io" of Origen .... , in fart taken ,, ~ hr

,ub"'q" enl ,"ajor ~,,,,,Iogb ,, , . udo ;" G n:gof)' of N)~.a ,,,,,I his
hro' I"" f1",il "f C~<.",rr._ h ""cm, 1" mc th at (he) mu" h,,c di,
",,<Vd and "u..t~d 0 11 ,hi. ,..,"- of Urig~n. ,; nce I find similar
approac.be. in Ih. "'riting. <.tf bo'h_ e rr'g<.>,)" for in,w"",,,. "")~ ,I""
crcaboll ;. cr:')'''tantlr orir:utatcd """""I.
it> 'lint c~u,.. 1o".",,,, '<lovl,
it i. """,u,cd io ~x","nte by 'J>a"icip;o(ing in m;" ~"0\t(I~1, and
d u' ,,"OM ;, ',,.... k,,'<I)' bcillg cn:a,,d '''~rQ'~ .,<i"rut '."
lta';l mo""d alo ng (h< same \~in . Wh"t he call. -b.:ginning <.tf CIe_
,,,ion ' ""m l~<; '''''~O"fO''i", he u"der.;t,wd. ""'" ~"t~'''~J<Co,,, ~'"
~ c.;., 1'1, 6;,

~ _Joh.. 1, );););1\-_
C"'I!O') '" Xl''''''' /. c......... _ t'G ' !, OO,l>,

of C",l "<"",ding to ,,-hOct. H " in,,,}(IOl'<Xi ',t." ca.""', aOld impu""
.",1 f,,"'e' ,It m'"W" Itv (mlp<T ~"O thc llUi,'CTk." It ,..,,, .lOt
diI~C\,I, for him to 8""'1' ~, i , real impon of Orig<o', roocq~ of (re_
al;"'n . I"", ill"~"':"> ")",, did O 'ig<n "'ally ,,,,.n " '1... ,, I,,' ,cf,m.'<l
00 C\'~I)1 hing cffakd ' in ,I", beginning' , "~n"inl)' indllding oh. cant. .
a",i ".1<,,1 ' hat 'h", ,..,,, wa., 'iO\;;,il>lc' , ami thc 'ca " h' "'.. ' iD\-i~_
hlo ,wd uubuil" IN n,:; l"i'i <copmO" .u i li"" ru,m:""'Hov , too?" I lc
m<a " , ,ha, 'he r'''''''I'' ""ere a l",ady a co""i",,;,-. eieme'" of ,he
" -orld. ),e1 ,h"ir i"'er"'-'io<' h'l not ye! broo.gh' 0"0 "xi,,,,,,,,,
"h",
;, callerl 'c.n h . III ['",t Orig"" did not ... ). all),thing dilli,;,ent f'om
lOodo", co>u>ol<>g)-.
Holding ,hi, <oncep,,,,,n of <reaoOl1 , ,.. hid " <e"5.+"I), ,",'ol,-;ng
accon~ "g 10 ' he pri nciple> c:n:a'cd in 'he l>egim,ing, he "",au," "
oi",il~r "it'" for 11", ~rea,;on of mall: 'he h"m~" g.'''''' ca,,, " fo"lt
Ul lik. manner~, "" indio.;,llIal m. n come, f",m the h"",.n .pemt_
A" olllhr,-" ha, ill i<>clf all ohe !""""i,,1 ,,, I... ''''-.:i',>c.:I '0 a hum .u
being. '11>" po.e","'! i. latcot in ea rl )' ""8"'.bu, i, ;" uot ,io"oa",.
'J1w principle> ofirs 010" d<~'~'1'ment an' tl)"1"< ~"d <1,<;. .n: ce" ... olj'
,,-or~;,'1;. I!O ,hal oh~ e,,,I,,y" <\'01,'''' i",o " bu",,, ,, I><'ing. So \1",
prindple, for hll m.n W"".,t. arc "itl,;n '!ld do not come 'f,...,m "lI,
sidc ... Tbi. ~ and ,,~hJ~ eo occpti"n of e"""ioo a11,1"" ,,,
human l>eing. a; weU a; ... ' he enlin: "'ond , The t"" (oncq";ou;
,,,",",,,~ I , each other i!l tl,;" ,,'I,a' p""",1<:s tl,",,, i, ,h~ ~x"u:""e of
'he """"'. ,h, I',in.-iple . :":C"'ding to ,,'I,i,h th cir "",ua! exi"c nce
corn,,. 10 1'""'. 11", ohje,' "f e",.,i"n ,hcIl ;, ,h, c.,.,.tio.c and co"-
.,itu, in principle, "",,,,,ding '0 ,,-hieh ""~I),thing ,I"" "". ,,, COOl.
fonh C"D,.,.,-S"'i; tllo,", al"< thc p,i"cil~C> .odiog 10 ,,' Ilich .w. ,,-orld
an,l ""el)'u,;"s u, it. fro", "an '0 tu,;,h. ,,'il! "~i,( ""d act all<1 "",,:t
10 "",.h ", lw,. hoejng , ";"' ",,, or i "~,,jm." . 1~'i"S ~ """",!<s,
objc<:.
or !"""o", Ikf<,,.. any'hi ng ,;,,,>1. apl'"."d . Cr,,1 "",,,,,od 'l~, ><,_
'ing for ,hi, 10 emerge and ,0 make 0<"'" and ,,, dc,-dop. b. ,h'"
planet>. ,hU11P, 1>Cf"OI" or I'hCIIOlllclla. 'nc (,,-ga,,;,"'!; priuciV!c.,
'he pownoah.) am! so,(ai"~I~ l i.)' and wo,b bili.y of the ""Ullg
,hi, ,...... du' prim.! 011<"<' or w '".;,",.
T hi, C<)JI""l" i"n of crc"tioll i, f"nh,,, illumi"",,'<l by a I""'"S" in
'hc 1I"",;w, "" Gmt, ... R<fcTTing '0 G"""i . I, ~ 1 23, U'","'1I rc:,,.,,,o;
" IW;J ~ c....". . 1/_,.. ;. '"' -- '... PG , 72" ~_

~ c,r, VI. 19.
4 ~!c..-, &I

c,w', to" ,wo
Hu, ""''''''' .. ,"k, ho", ,he s""" ,,h.;h "od m"ping C",tu". ,re
u"clJ",,,,d "' ",il .. od 'he hin:!. a, good "''''n Soon ,~""" "';0 ~""u,
,h"", >11 , ''',od God .. w ,lw, th ~' "., good'" n,,,,,,, d,i,'8' which
aff "I'pt.,.ro tu ,l,e ;;Un" "'" guo.<l kOf them. bee. "", o,ey c.o tkf<>1
d"", and, "h.'" ,10,,) 10.,,, "'''1)'''''-''''''] ,h"m. ,t.-, bero<J,,' ""' .... )<10..
no.. "'i,h Go<1. 1",Iee,1 "hen ,b< de>i l "q""""d ,...," 1""'"' be gim'
'0 h.iJn again"J""'. ' hc ."I,,,,,,.'Y.by .'~"'l<ing hun. ,,-.. thc ca,,,,, of
doubl< M' 1<.0- Job ~ft"r hi, '->':1'''),. Who' is si ... ,," frum 0,< f.lCl
,h., lit: recc i,-cd double"""'" ohjnlf' "'hieh lit: kO' , in lhc fu>1 plo,
is Lh., ",. ,,-ill "" doul 60 """i w .imiLorly ill 0)", I",.,-eni), re>Jm .
,\,~i ,)", "P""ie "')~ ,h.t '''0 one;, CTO><".d ""'.-pt fOT ,he 0"" who
h .. "';''C'' h" f,dly." ,1.,,,1 io<I<I. 10",,' "'ill he 0) .. ", a ,tn , ~ if 01", ,,,
' ' -'1 be "". ""bo ,,-,; ... ,( 11 0"- gm" oh< b,,.,,'1' ..,od b rigbo" ", ~ of
ligh L "'O"kl ,"" b" m "~' ou' u"I"" 'h" ,I",kt,,,,. or nigh' ;",,,,,,,,,,,,!.
Wh), "". -"",,~ ~,..;'" I for l.wil) "',.,,, hec.u"" """.,.. , .... c<>",len",..,1
",,. '''''S''n:? Whr .... "",n8 ,,'On m.!<"if,e1 i, ""-,..., i> rn'
deT<d ",,-,r. I'fai,,,.-onh), If )'00 ro<L>io:ler " I.." i, ,",ne. ,he o,;,,!r'
""hid, ..... lorigl" ,,-iU "PI"'.' on"", dt ligh'ful ,,, )"'-'. ,\,od. ;" "hott.
f,,",' ,,,,, "",,';<Ic-,...,;"',of il 'h itll<' tht gi<l'l of good ,), io.!<' i. i"d i_
w.d ",_ hrilli.aotl),. Fo, thi. ,u"-",, 'h<,..Ro .... 'h< Soonpt"" "''
'hi. """U, "'~"'Thiog: 'A",I God "'''' 1h. , 1)1<1)' "-'CC p.:f."
Wh). o<-",,,nl,,,Ie ... i, i, ,"-" "Ii""n. 'Al ~ 1 r.od ..ad 11..1 !he) ,,-" "
goool'. i"'1< ..1 or. '(,,,,,1 ...... ,1.. , ,h,')' " ', ,,, good'? '11 .. , ,~ ('".1 "'"
,he u ... fuI""", of 'h"", ",i,,,>, .,HI ,lw, ,,-.v by "hiclt lt hoo~h itl
,h",,,,,,"-,.,!he)' Br< ' " o,c)' ar<. o<,,, ,,),<le ... ""'y roukJ m.h good
""''' pert't. '-0< 1hi> '''''''''. 1I'<I,focc. he ~-';'I . '11< f" ,j ,fuI " ,od ",,,I.
'iply . ,od liD 0)", """e,.. in 0)", "~el,,,. ",od k' the Lif<>; I.' muhipli 1
"I"''' the ....d'." ,h " ... ,I.., ,he g",at ,,h,.,,;rnJ ,he u... p"'g <",a
'u ..... be i" the "" ... ,,~ "'I,I";"ccl "I",,~. ",,01 ,h.. b;,-'" upon ,he
e.nh. "
Hence lloe good"",, of 'he objec' of c... atiou ;, der;",,1 fro", 1bt
\I,,-fu~'"" or 'h" ,tkuiIm; ,,'hi<), c<>m~ to h<;,,);, ']1,;, ""ol",j01' "''''
<"" cep,i"" of CTeali"" 'l!);K<'"
,I~l' ,he ob.i<-'Cl "'hid emcrg<:d 0'"
"f not hing " ", i" ' h e f'I'>l place, rr/lui,..,. j" d-d 1'0"""; 01 rd~l;on .
T h e", i, nei, h er ,k'<nninbm nor p,<du ti nation. Th". are onl)'
I)()o<"ti.ll;titl and I~; i~e OuleO",,, . 1\1... , th" ,ftcnnat h of~ Ju.1ori"ai
\l oc","'",,,,), ,,-ill I", ;s " "",,'11 10 (1",1. ;, ;, fo,.-I,-"o"'II. Y"' "'" as
" G...,. 1.2'-

" 2 Tw ., 2.!>.
~ G...,. 1.21.
M G...,_ 1.22_
~ 11""""" .. c...m. 1.10,

"
,~,'i,, ~ e.peri~ncr b",
"nly a, a f",c,;gl" of God, " ndu'lvod from
,he po;", of';C\'- of t he world. T hi. i. prc"ulloblr ,,- h)' Origcu Illak""
the pui ". al",,~: God '''''' ~,al the ol~"" of ,,",,,,tio" ,..'" g<>Od. ;,
" n'" "T'lt," ,I"" Cod ",;.J I)",' this ob"'r! " .. good . 'Ill< j,,~ta.
po:.ilion which Origcn i,wcnt> ~1 ,hi. poi'" ;, ]>r<11r ld~ "g: 'God
=,' """.ill God h.rl f"",kllo,.. l"d!,,,, of what ",,,, to cOme t,) I"'" iu
due hi,'o,ic,,1 ct:lo ..... , to "'l" Ibat G",I ",U Ill", the oI~C<' he ere_
awl ... ,,, good. would "'U"" ,hat 'hi' ,,"" alre .. I) ~ r,lel fuU of
poICn":.ij.;c . ,,-hiel> h",1 'Wl I'rod"""d (he 'p"[;<,.,cmpo"'~1 rOn""
flumee. from ,he "".<play he''''-'''' '' 'he logo;,
IIcllce, the 'crc.ti",,' of 'he dj,;nc "-;>do,,, "",I pn,,,,'id<ncc. b)'
"n,,,, of "' hkh Ihese bta", came ;"'0 bdng 'his k'", what God
MW '" a "gooo:l' ("'~,,,"'. Thi. ;" a dcijc",, po;"' of ,hi. cooe'l" of
en-ali"", W;<dum of God is callt'" bolh hi. bcgi"oing\<:u Son ~t>d
'he p,vdu"' of hi, erea, i,-" acl, ,,'h,d, c.me itl"-' !)eing od 'omb",i .
,be,r 'he 'oody' of h" So". '" J di>c,,'" ptTSC ll cl)".
\fhy ilia, '" th~ '~"",,,,,' ,,-ity) ,it~"" bta>t, ,hould tome imo
t,.jug i. kIIo,,''''o G",I "Ion. _ For f ;od does "othi"g 0\ , "~iJ) or " i,h _
"''' ...,,<SO,,: ",... " cl,,, r:dfu'g of. " ""U 'I'"''''''
,Ioc, 1101 'ake pia',"
"-i,1,0,,, (;.><1', p",,-i<kn,-.-. " TI'e'" is a ,..,awn' li" '''~~'lhing, ~ nd
,hi, rea<;01l i, ""0""" to G,~I alone, a 'rI'''''U - d...-d]'''g in hi ...-j,<I",,,.
So 'he ,he"'r ;" "I>OUl 'he e,emiou of ',c"""m' ,,-hieh mnkc "I'
,he Pt-mi.:I~"li:J C ...",,;"'o. Tlci. notion" ,u!(gc,'",] >loo in &is:
If aJ \)"OUI' .......10 "'" ""- ,ca""". " "" 1",,,,,..1e 'os 10 btlie.,- ,/'"
.\1<""';' "of)' uf ",~ "",.tioo of the ,,'Of "I ... hicl1 a:t~ '''I~",,'I b) ,/'"
" g"'''''''''' ,h., ""Red rij<l1, '" u ~ le. hi", ",le our ~",li<. in r ..n....
f",,,, tI,e hegi,,,,j "g of 'lo< book oow" ' 0 'h< "OI<l; 'n,;" i, tll< ]"""
of ,/1< gc roemliuD of 00<"'." h\ ,h<", ,,-c b.,-" "i/ to argu< from tI1"
,Gd, ... "" i!""",,, Lh"",,,,k,,, "I"" ,,""
t1 .. h , ~" - ,, ,10., ,,'a, m..1e ';"
!he bci(U>n;"g,. ril; &W<>,,,," ""I 6"",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,\ ,,"d ,,"",
,,'a, 0),< .bj." .,,01 tlo< d.,l<n= upon ;t, ."d ~Io., "-." <1,< " -at<f. "",I
tI1< Spirit ...r God Lb., "0> bo"", "P'''' il, and ~tu , ...., ,h. tigh '
,,1,;("], ~.,., e",.",1. ."d ,,-1"'1 ,,"" Lhe tit" ..""", ., w.,i""t frono t1~
h"" -.,, ",>(le in the heginnin~, .nd '" (>n."
C::on",q"cncl~. ,,'hcn Ori!,n speak' ab(m! an inoo'1 .... n"r l ha! ,,'os
ma(~: in 'h~ !)"g;,,,,ing, l,~ d ..... nvt "'kr to a"),lhi"g ,ft." migh' l>e

c,w', to" ,wo
taken"" a />f'stmtJl im/m"",,1 be ing. Jo w""

1he ""SI"" of 11..- "",Id
tll ., co ,,,,;,,a" what ,..;os crea,ed , It " .." I're<;"dr tll _ mIJ""-' ",hOch
Came inw I",u'g 0'" of oon. I",U'g.
I" (h,' Jigl" of (hi. I"''''q><iotl "e CO" u"rl,""~tlrl ,h,' m,,~"ing of
portioll' "teh a,
,h i"
Th< St.. of 000 is ,.joo c"J.kd ",i""-"". ,,,,,,1< .... b<ginwng of w.
"'. , ~ ,,-,,,aro. hi. "'-'fk>. "<"(0 rmn g '0 """ 1'.-",-",b.;" " I,;cb mca"" ' h",
w;,dom w.""...g to ......... ";.., ~ uAool ,,,, "'" u"-"-, ........
,~ ....~ ,Is. D' 0/1 ~ ,of. erot. .,....,. " .6.; "'" .t /0'; """;"
\6<>X'>""". o~"" <I~i~" ."", ''',,",' n.., .i~",' ; bu, 'he &." of
(;",1 IWn,..lf bccarl" God', I),,,~,,,,o' 00,', ... .,;,00...., \1roi; 1'""0,.."'<'
0,.1 ~<IbJ ~Ilo>t>'.;&.,) to bri,% ,,,,,,to,,,,, uno I><uog, 'nu, """luo" ID'"
u-iikJ ~'" .. ,~ a ""''''.,,~ "li~" IiIlp'''''.,.,-,.1i' "w
fo- ""'.,," .~ ,/, 100,.."'.,:0 d .... 1''''''';'''1)' tloo of ,1'0 """""'g
"l; "~ ,h" ..... ~-... "",,1< ,h< Ixgioo'rrg of G",r, ~~)~. "
i\cromi" g (0 ~.i, p<ffepti",' of ,-,,,, I'n)"irle"ti'~ c ... ~'ion. \\'i><lom i,

all i"""'1~,,,,.1 ii ......."'''' Ij,;ng ~" hyl ....""". l~"""f(":"o;) cnm
p,;"illg ,.rio", oltie<1-' 'If co,ucmpla'inll {\l".p~~",,,1' '1'1""" 0'1''''''
,~. C(ml<rnl~.ti,., c<>Dtai" thc rea>oU, of,U cxi" i,'I'( lhing>' (np'<l:""''''''
to", ,iOV ;w.". '-it-t<ro;'. 11,;' ...i"(olll i. " li';llg I",,,,,,,,,,J being. h",.
u'g " 00,,1 '" i( "'.,,"'. In,\ o.,...ti .... -.""", )."
'l1.i, ""f",;,i"" "f ",;,.d..,m l~,i .. " , w,h ,he So .. of COO ,,,,d ,11<
o",,,,.:d ,..i"IIlm, wbi.cb c",",e into IK-iug and 'cmh",ider<~' 'he I~~I;'
of lh< Son . I'h. Son of G",i i. r<8"nk~ not otlly ,.. ];";ng in 'h<
Mllle ,..ay ,,' G",l Ii,'tl. b<" oho "' an i"di,.id"al l",,,,,,naJ bY""'t".
,i; of bi, 0"". "",,, I~)" a 'ubo",~", I"'TSO"a) '><-"'g. How,",,,,,,. 1I,i,
poilt ' ,ho"ld nI" detai " '" it o,"", (,,' ,..,"', i1 ,~k,,. i; ""thing ,borl
of a f"n "1"";';00' "f Orig. " __ T oi " i'ari"" Th,",'~>g).
~ I"",. S, 22-
" fiJ""'. I: ;,. ,;", "",",,
., ~ I. XXXII': cr """If.., XI.\'II. " rouI<l be "'~""" '0 .,..,,~,"
~ .... bo. n,,,;' t.W-. l<.- _ _ I , I'bt<.W< ",n,,,pI;"". Should o.-.vn
""n,
~ , OOO.J ' 0 ,,",. , 'oX .. ' .. ~'''''-'<I ,;,,'pIy ,,,,," ""t"O\-".l ,Ilt f.. ,m,. ".u "'~'
OM.. I,'h", "" I"" \t, .'""-l U~ ~ "'" idt .. ', but U,e .~. of,,,,,,Ooo. ~h"h
..... <Oru l.",h,,,,.h] 0,' <I"" ~...... In f"", .... u"" thr "rn, .w,.,. f.x thH. "J"h. cl"'"~
~"''' ""hr-, of Arutoo-fun "''''''.,.,... er ., ,11_ ,;am., '" IlK' .
' " $00 . ... ' 631> 19. It ~ ,__" ~><,<oIati" I~ opororior.> ~."l 1 ., ,,~~, of ,0,""
tkaI """"",," OOn. 'n ,"'''''', "" """ '" thr ""'" ...... ' ~jth "" ... dtriOOn.
C.allll<g ~,;, , .phAnIaty' J Pbto .('.... 1'1. '. or. 'Un..g;""l' Ibm ... ~lUch thr G=L
,.." "", .. ' 1...... 11.3,6 od q.-. ~ ,,"" cairo io.k.. "'iu,riIl,t. "I><"'~'"
"' ~''''' ro-. 63.J~, Cf. Ct/i. I. l!l; U, 12.

I" ,;c'" of lh;' c(')nce-p,ion; ,h~re i. rcfcr~nce '''' tI,O ";"1",,,, of
God as 'c",,";.iniug 'he ft_,,. of nlOt)1hing which hM been c,""",,,,r";
",,,I '010<" l>y 0'''' the "".so,.. of th""" nued are i" God '. l.ngoo and
ill hi, lI'ildon> ' (,,; <..,(I' ''''' u,yo>' '''''' &'Qt""~~tv",.. ,;",... tip 'o~
6roU .\.;y.p """ rii '::~i~ Il"ro~ .." Thi> i; Ihe "",,'" in ,,-him 'he ,~,.
tiuction b.:t,,-rcll twO ""'cs " ",.de; /i,-"t. the '~ouc<:p" of 0,,0.1' '"
.....o/i~a'" ruio 6<ot. ,,hic h .ccoml btM" 'were ",me ho,.. ",,,,,,,,,,if.od
"",I came into """,a1i,)"" loi,o,~ ft..,,; ,-..1 tt, fif"l<l'" IPXO)Ih. ..... "
' n,j. mean, Iha' ~ltho,tgh "i"do", is Ille &m of God. d,,,, is also
a ll""ion of ",.In/ulk attriblltOfI tQ thi; wi!dQm: "in' \\"iodom ,It","
an:: 'h< rca""",. ~cc""ling '0 ,,'Iud, n-.-ry, hing 10,., l>Cell ,"a,k b)'
God i" wisdom.''' T I,j. i"ilia! cr<:au\," aN of (';od. 'h" pl'O,;'leb,ia!
cre-'tion . i, 1101 a crea,i<m of indi,;d ,,,,J 1""'"n;o1 being. Thi, i. a
erudal pm"' of 1110- Pc"'"ption of (;",1 as "",,"or. Moreo,er. the
o",.:on>< of 'h" di"ine cre~'iw ac' '" perc.;.-.d to I~, in ('><.od, " "d
more 'pccif",,,II),, in hi, wi"lo,". "alOcI)" '" Uu .1<:. Th i, i, wit)
O rig<n. although "'81ln~ng ,,i.. k~~ a. a ptrMInal m'iug bei1lg. aoo
al'P,:a.s '0 hold a ,"0';001 of 'm"I,;, ,,<I<-' i" h,r. '['hi, m"I';l,,<I<- is
" hal .... as ere,O(",1 II)' ( iod in ,he I"'gu,ui"& "",,,cl), u.: 'reason,'
and ,he .") ''''''' of obje..-u 'If co',,~"'pla,ion' "bieh 'emhroide-d tbe
bo:~ty. "fWi-d"m (11,< SOl' and I",,'C i>Cen ill ,hi; Wi"km, C\'Cc ';llCC.
i''''''id'nti..! cn:ation, ,h..-efol'C. "' ,I" 'n:a",,,,' (,)f 'he ","'cri..!
" -01'1<1. eauml-u,w--1o.:i"g 0,-,' of nQb-oc'og, This i, , b, "'0"" in ,,'h;,-b
,hi, c", .. io" i, ""id to b< ,nrorpurew, ,ill"" ,he 'rea"')ll, and 'obj<."'"
of Cv" <cm pt.:. t",n' an; ol)\'io".,1 f' ,""''1'" " ,al.
II'ha' " .," c,..."ted ou' of 'h< prO>'id"Dtial O,...", iOO1 wa, ,~)( a
'man' Or a 'woman', i, ,,'" u.ruc an,1 femalc. 'I'm. ",can, that it
w". ju", 'I",mall nalun:' in ""';l'; I~'ion of tbe .....1 iJ'''''1,I,,)" 10.:".-.:<:0
'he ""'"'''''' ,I"" ,~ me ino" bo:-i "g "u' <Jf non.l.>eing. Thi, i, ,he ",_n",
in wbioh "h~ l><'ginll ing ofhllln.n b.-i ng>"'''' in paradi". ," ~ n d thi.
i; also ,,'hy ,he ""io...,1 CJ~"""':. ,,hich ,,'a, pl.-d in par.di", w'"
'pcrtox'- , ,illce the cro.wl re"'"" auticip.,ill g 'hc tiJture elneTgellCe
of I"""an n'",ure 'i" 'he i"'ag<' of God Were perfect."
~ cm. V. 39.
" ...... J7.I. h . \~, p_ ~" .
.. 0)0. <iL, w.
~ ' O -I .
~.... 19. XXII, ~ I........ j(Y.l. 21_
~ ~. 11. XXXVII .
" IM. <1/,

c,w', to" ,wo
Th;" ;" 'he ""TO'" in which h,,,"an kind " .... 1;,.. .. n(><it''''''')'' Ulade
i"c0'1",,.,,,d. "h,,,,a, w'l, ,,, ;, kno"'o as 'tn~" a,od "um.,, It"" c,.,,_
ated 'al .... m. la,,,, ,,"ge" r"''''~ yap .Qff l_" The sa)'ing '1.", '"
m"k~ ma n ill ..,H' imOI ~f,c' our like"",,.'" I",n~i n< ,,, ~U men';
aud ",10", Iw; polro; ""do",a",1 h)' 'he nl',,,,,i,,,, 'in ima!o[C' i. 'ol'kr'
\.pt"fhj"""" (how that ,, hic h A<l.1U1 btta ,ne wbeD be "'''"ne,1 ',h<
;mag" of I h~ ",,,,hly' ' I"",~",, of ,ill',"
'11,,,,, th e >"'t~m"'\1 ill """,I""
39, "A, i, i, wri"",, in Gc ,,~,i<. i"
th~ beginning ""'" "''''' made ' iD ,b. ima!o[C of Go(L thc" I", _umcd
an e"nl~)' image al.o" '1)il<,mize, (be doe"in.: of 'at;o n of ma n.
'nti. 'fm,t" c",.tion of God ,h." i> 0111)" (he 'd,,,r unc""'c,,' of God
"''',id, wcn' un.red "",.. "" ',,"en:d in a,h'a"ce' \"ItO'p<l"It&&,n:;l.
T he ~el u.1 m.,e";" l .. ",.lion c~mc i",o e~i" e ncc ""co,d inS 10 ,10,,,,,
'cka,ly J1r<."''''r~d ...onU (or, ,,"'-",,!> ,,-h ieb "n" i" ..-;" ~)m " H"
toU:; & ,~ ~rl' ,po' pw.'m6ivrn<; it,o ew;; ,;;.. hi"""""
),byoU;; I.
T lti. i. ,,-h),. "henc"", 'rca,iug th;, i"uc. O ,igcn al"'"},, uoc< ,IH-
F",ure ,,,,,,,." h i, ch~mc"ru,ie i'Kle",1 ,h", he reren the am,al '0
hein!:" "" 110",," "ho "ill ~><i,,' '" ....,""',, '. ,ep"""'lIli"g God 10
'c.n- tl",,,, in,o "',i"g 0'" or non."',ing."
I" ,;~, of ,hi. <><I'o';,ion, i, i, u,~ difficul' to >cc how Origen
c~" uS<: , uch "" "~l",,,,ion , In ,be primal " ate <>r" uni, .""", .. hOch
h~d a long way of ,-",ulu,i on '0 go, there "'''-' "0 a<tuaJ hurowt kind.
Ho".~,1'. lh,' prin<ipks. ,h., lI>c>i, accorn;nS '0 "hieh ~ huJnan ' ind
"""Id 'pp." " " t ~ ceruti" m"mw, of'im., il) a con:tiu I'L>tle' ",,111
c~nh, ,,'~rc ,her<:. 111 ' hc eye. of G",I ,bi, bt-i nS i, ob,;'",,)-,' uot
fo- h<iog, i, i, rure~dy p,,,,,,m ill 'he ",i1ld of i" C ",.,or. 'I"11i. i,
'he hackgruund "!I',in" "hkh ~'" ,u.ng<' ",lotion of G",I '0 ,110-
'fu,u,e t~' iJ,&,' .tw"kl I", g"''ilr<i.
Il,i. too,iO') of God add",",>inS ' thins> tha( a'e "o( a l\d calling
them i",o boing ;" fuund .1.0 ill A,bal~.,i" . " who <cc."' ,,, r"II,,,,,'
Ori8''' a~n"'" to 'he I"n..-."' Thi. i. 'he ",rue in which ',beT" arc
.. IJWI, KGl' . ,; . lO.~ . 3;'

~ _t.t.... ]<, 16.
~ 0..-.. 1.26-
" I 000-. I~. \9. '-\In". 2. L
ft , . . " " " "" ,." ~.--)ok " XIX; "'~; ,- ft)-, I,
~ " iI!h
~ c-.- A...., 2.n: 0. 1_ .' ' ' ' ' - .~, 11, 2.
~ _2; .

"ut~i n erea,u"" ,,-hid, .,.., ;u,;.iIM'," "amel)' ibWrpo~a1." Th"..,
"
inco'V<> ... ~ r a .... unpl) ,b~ ',"""",",' "'h kh Were ~"'~lcd in ' be
Wiodom and or" <all"d '",i"lo"'", ,'>0_ ' Ill"''' rea""" aro 1"'' '<' ',,<:1
a, d~cor.,ti n~ (he 'bud r" "f Wi<dom ~"d arc likcn,-d to ~ '1>00.", It
i, indttd mallihtly mark<1 "u, that the COII'~'" of thi ..., ;,,10,", i.
",b" re.'ou' of pr<,,"i<knc, ."d
ju,igt"'CT01.""
Ik,ide<, i, is st"cd ,hat ;1 i, poo,ilole 10 's<~' (hi; ,,iso.lom "nd \0
com pn; hc"d ' he"" ',.""""" . '11\;, l"'pI"-n, wh." ~ ""wnal Cl,,~t" r"
",win. ,,, <t~ru,,1 life. Th,,,, ;,. " cme",] "",i"" h~rc. ,,-hieb >.il"uld
b< ,'mph'''d: .....e n ,,-heu !hi, ",;,dom" j , ,,",,'n alld clfatl)' corn
prehended. ,hi; ,Ioc. not rue~n ,]"" it i. God in If;""'!!"d,o ;, ""Oil,
Througb tbj, ",i,don, God ,ua), be ''*0 o"ly IJS n",/, Tloj . I"'fay""
Coo manib'ed him,clr "-, C",.,,,, , I","'<it. hi, I.ago<. COO "" C ,,~,O<"
is rob"d to ,,-I,a, he dKidnJ ami ",Jlfd '0 do. Go,1 i" Ilim!i<lf;" rad
ically lrawa ,,<km ""d bey.,,,,1 "U collll'n::he ,"io Ol.
Wha' ;" >cc". lhe",for~. ;" onll" 'he "1"100' of 'he crca,i\"C !XI <1
roIililm. It i. clearly "nuroci"re,i ,h31 0.11 .b,. Can he ""en .hr(",gh 1h~
" -i"lo,,, is C",I 'a' creawr ami "'i,,, ~nd pro,-;den' and ju'i;,(o'." ..\lid
"'he ,, it i, ""id ,hat cO""''''l'b,i"" of ' he inco'l>oreab ;" <o,,,empl .
,io" of G,~i as C re.,or. ,hi, &)Uo,,~ fwm th< f",-~ ,h., God is 'he
c'"""tor 001 o"ly of ", ha, ;, <o,-po",,,1 ho' ;ilio of ", ha, ;. ;ncorp<>rc.>I."
"" ,,,ely. of 'he '""som' of p",,-;,len'e ""d j udgcmcoL Thi. i, the
" 1",,0> of oI~u of romempb'ion' ''''" OW'~~"")-; ,.'" tv "~'ii>
,o~~ci ,."" ,,-hi.ch m",k. up 'h" p"";det,,ial <rea' ion . The 'crealLonc'
in Ihi. ercati,~, an: 'he 're"",,,, of 1'1"" ide'Ke ""d j L~Ig<",e1". " T hey
,,,,,,,il" " "'" object of 'mor~1 "",I ,,,,,,oral Md """""si<a!' k"""-]"(igt."
,h~1 ill, 'he oI~<:<"1 "r all ki,od. " f k"""'kdgr. 'I'h;, ;. 11><- cro,,,cx' iD
"hich 'objrct; of cOl' "''''pblio''' (e,"'P1i~"'" a~ ' " .. <I"1">,ood w I",,"
1.><...." crea,.d and pl""<"
or G..oI f""" d.. <=.0.00 J ,)", ~UOId .". cl<-.uIy ><"<D, bc ;~ " .. 10",,,.00 br tIN-
' bin!, 'hM"'"< m.o<r kom_ 1, W.,
" .. ;.if><, m) di><" ";o,, "" 0", '"", 'W , .od ';."","",' ,,0600"
.. fif't. 138. H,16. 1tII't. 1:l8, f'(: 12. 166<0,
.. "'. n<
~ "u>,. 2. PG 12 1100; er ~,... PG 17.161. 1%, 2<9
" .--7""'. I, XIX.
" ~ 1; ,,1/\, 1""-
" ,.jp" 138_
" ", P,. 36; c..t, 3. cm. V, 3g. - : ; . , 2. :"\' 111, Z, X!' \ III

c,w', to" ,wo
I II portra)i ng r.><! "" C rea'o r ,1"," Origctt mal<> fu rther >1<1'

nud "",, forth hi. 1Iot ;01' of 'conceptio",,' (or, idc",", i~i vow ' l of
\\"i...",,, , 11)' !hi, ' er", he ",fe,.. (o a:T{aill p...,.!kH"" aHrih" ,ed ID
th,' Soli .",h "S log,,,., Jigh', ,n" h, Ch';", kill!(. rcal "i"'r~rd. [''' L
a" d la." bcgim' ing an,1 cnd, pamd e1<, propi1ia,or" co" "",ra1;""' ,
good. weat arrb'pn <" clc. ,,", ! poin,,,,! "u'
i" the ptCliou, chap,
tcr. ~ II , he... app.. U.,ion. arc cal,,",! 'conccp,io",' which arc 'i n'
\\"i",tom, 'he)' an: abo calk-d 'n~m,," of ohe Soli'." T~ by no mea " .
pe"ao, to , h,' O" 'OIojr.. of th~ So,,: 'h~"y 0,,1), ,ig,cif) hi, ''''''OOI"je
r"" colou " i ,h 'n Ih" "orld _
Ahhough "," Lo<"d J,.... Ch,.;" ;. 0<>< in 10;" 'ul", .. ,,, ,,,Id ;, nooh-
U'S 0Ih<- , the" ~'" Sot, of God, ,"'-cnh," " ~, j, "'I" coc", 1 ~, ,,,.-iou,
.nd <fj,.'en u, ,he ~ ..... , and in", ..... of tl1<" Scripture.... . . . ~",ro.
fo,,-., tluo l.o<d !oun",1f """""'modo,." I", [<>nn ,,, co,.....""",,",''''' 10
,h.. ...""" ~",I tin-.. and " ..".;" ;,od;,'~I,,'" ,ou<litio", ' " , "
He :.!so 'l><alo; "f doe 'ol1<cl>' of ron,,mpl. ,jo,-, (e,.'I>'i~"'o of 111<-
tlll,h ' in order '0 'lId;. t" ,h. , ~ I .. , F",hcr do"" "v' ,,".11" '0 "Oll~"<
a" d kc,p ,h,m from di'I"'I>ing (0{, ",-,vhot. b .m~p '; d,i, i, "'h)" b..
",.k , 'he f,g,, '" of ,h~", ol~""" of coll1 empl.lti on ill the Ins"" ;"
n fo,m of '''"k hiDg ou,' (i"d)Tl''''' ~ lId this is ... h)" 'he 1"8< i,
calJt~1 ';""'g<' of tI ... in,;,ild" (;00'." It ;" ..... lr1''''~ l ... {I"" h~ 1'0" -
de" "po" 'he u"" of th e ",.,,,,1 'bdch "'"'' or 'd ''!(l)I!(':' "'0' -" ''),
",hieh i, ,'-' lid in Scril~ 'm: , " 11 < "'-cr> 'I ~" (~h<r "'01.. ."c h .,
'm)" 1" ~r1 h." pmjc<wl' of ' my heart h'" ,-,,,,,,",,d' migbt ""'m mOre
"vprupria{e; Y"{ il ''')~' ,[j'gorg<-d. Wha, he ae1u:dJy ,uggom i, {k"
lh . 'V",f1!(lu""tio,,'" of u.e.. ob....,,. of <oro1<"Olplatioo' ." 'he l.ogos
;, .", ",r ,,{ Cud , IL i. ,hrough ' he "''''''''' I'I. tiol> of ,I .. "" 'objcC(, of
<'o luo mpb ' io,,' th,. ""e ,,'ollkl '"",' 'he ~at h or ",-ho ll 1,e ",." th e SOil ,
T hi, i, th ~ "'!l>C iD whim U rigc" rcfocr< to th e ob....,,, of con_
' e>" pla{;':", of tb~ Logo,' I, ..... ",;, '-<rrov e,,,,p~!II,t""". " T ben.:f=,
, iD ' u., ~"'.dom:, ~.... {. XL'>;, '"""",. uf u., Son'; ~ _M-. (, XX,
M 11_0&. .. a-w, X IV, I. er ,he ,>ID< "",ion in 1l_dK> .. ,;",a" V {L6,
11", ,~ ;.le. ,1 ~n" Chru""''I()' ~ full) <1 .... ,>1 lli -:;.. {, {X X ,
n er Col. 1. {~ .--]..... {. XXX\'{{(
~ Qootio!: "'->Int. ii. ~ l , ~ I y ... an ha> .. ,gmgtd .. ""'r'''''' ~-ttith ; , ~',
,,,,,t.! ,h,,,p ....,
H Cf_ !tW, 1 , ~ , 2_ 'th<>< h.d I.oe<n ., ;, ~~'" ""w","d A",J
I""".....rale, ...",r ~'. ~ ,_ ,"
~ c..t. l. h ~ "'" aOItntal tit" .... "Rn U_."",. &....v.",., ..
,;,;",,~
,,,,,I in """ ~ l ~, noru<"!y Co&/, 3... """ P"'" ~-t.."" ." = p ~
pr<->d<-d.wu.- tile m,>/iea! ",-"nmuru.>n of , ... oouI ~~ Chri.c <::kn "g.m\e<i

,,-h", <".tme illto be ing Ollt of lIo "'being WlU a )",o]'i,u(lo' of ',,-i.,
,10",' ,,,,,,,iu. '''''''Olls' ~, 'form. \'W"'" , "'"l n ")""00111 of
coo 'e.,,,io", I0 ""'~~" '''' vo~~ 6 ,,,,,, " aoo:1 .ohje<:" of """'''''' ~I ," ;"" .
(9,..,.,~~",,'<\' "hich " -Co ' made 'in " -i"Io,,,'. ,I,,-y " -Co ' caUcd \,-i"
,10",'.100. alld placed, a, i, "'""', inth< \\",O<I"m of G od_ 'he Ilody
of ,10, So ", a,,,l,hey ,,,,broid~rcd' d,,,, Ilo<l y, h i. a~"'''' l illg '0 th;,
I.ttOCT coucel'tion ,ha' in 110, 1',-.."..:rI" Wi><~"" ;, ",id to r:.:: 'cn:~ted'.
H"nce Origell', cone<l'tioll of 'eo,,,i,,g iuto bci"g Out of 1I",,_being'
PC"";'" (0 ,be prw';,ynrW/ ",..Ii<m
,,-hid, ;s ;,. It.. di,';nc lif~. Th;, js
'he oc .... in which ,he ~II i. ,,,,,~d a, 'ereatu[1', alohough most cer-
t:W~)' Origtn'. 'eaching i. the o" """,,,lin!!: co" "'cr_poi,,, of ,,-ha'
I"tet bea,,,,,, kn<no'1\ '" Ariani.m."' On ,ha, a""o\II " he rtf,,.,. '0 "h"
tu--tl",m of all cre",ion' In, in C<>I. 1. I.'}, ,,- ho .", ,10" <>1,1"" of all
cn'a".cJ l.';'ngo ,,"1 __ ,;, ".-as 10 bim ~.a' G,.I .....1 of the Cf"aooo
of "">n: ' Le' '" mak. mall in v,J< im.g< ami tik~ne,'-'" f"c ',,-imm '
i, l<'g""lcd "" 'create," ill d,e 'l~~l)" of CI,N,.
T I",,,,fort. it bc<o",,, p l~j " .... h", Orige" "'<~'" wbeu bc n:gnNh
,,-;><Iom nol only . , ,h e I~''''''' of 'he Son, hut ~bo as t! C01\,,'''' -
plaUOl\ ""d :'I~,,,,h" ,,,,i o<' of Ik ,Ii";",. ,hut!\'. 10 is u1\possil~e to
apprellcnd God ''''k'' ,hrough hi, "" i>dom, hy re"",," of th e hc'
,h"t 'h< Father h,,, fimne<1 ao<l placed 'he "l'pn:he,,-,ioD uf ,rutL
,h,,~. nu. ;, ,h~ mea ning of the ..,riptu ral .aying lha' i, ;, oul)-
,hrou~l, -""eutg ,I,, So" ,hat 0"" t)ugh, 'sce' tb e E "bcr," siuce ,he
Son i, bted to ,he "'-orld "" ,h,- I.og<l> rc'-caling God ."d il i. he
"ho ,,~, 1'f>'S<'''( i" aU ,h< tlu<pluulw ",corded in 'he Old T"","mcm _
'n,o", '011""" of cOllloml'btio,'- 9,<pi\~"", w,,~ f"n ncd ~ "d
placed iu the ,~,'in' \\;..-Iom 0" , of au act of oLc Fatloor. Till> j,
"h) . t ..,,,'" I"""" ,I,.. SO" is "a,",1 :,s 'c,-"at" ",'" al'hoogh i, ;,
al", c~'a rl) cn"n"ia,"d ,h,,( 'he So" is not a c"'~,,,"', The 'objcc"
of co",empb, joo' <o""i",,< 'h~ '<Iceo",,,ioll' of \\'..-lom 'he Son ,
u.-- ~ ,.,( Soo'!<'., "'" """* wrnch """-'li., "'" d;,;"" "'l'"'''''' in <'Dl,,",aJ
~~::: ::::::'I~XI",
.. ~"rqr.<d<J., me
0)" "'''' ~"" t"" "",,, ..... 1 I"'r.". '-'"< "'".... """
Ii. """";,"" ~h<n "" ~-" <lOt ,I th-.i." Ix ........ .'~_ ~ f'Ii 25.%>
~-hi<h .r......~ru.. bo-o-",,,,, f.vnouo ., thr F',otoI p/=o<' or lh< _ .. '" Chrutian
onl...,.,!o>J ~ ... 01", Arl>o,,-
" G"", I, 2Ii. C;/s, \ -. 3;,
.. _ 1_, 19, \'1. Cf. John. li, 9: 12. H,
.. cm. V, 37 _

CIW'I to" IWO
wl., ;" qui,e "f"'" p",jio:.,,,d tJ.,' 'he >eri)~uml adj<'<.tn'e 'multicmb",i
(Ierc.l' .o~u.oi . J.o.;,," [n ' he obp" ,)/" contemplation la,<t>pI)~ata)
aud O. ,he '",,,,,,,n,' lAlr/,n\'"' m. cXJ~"ba'iott of ",,,,), 1, ;"8 ;tt ,be
"odd con 1", fOund , ' [n;, ;, 'he "'n,,,, in ,,'h;d> ,I", n....... '",;;do",-
i, "t>pli,,j nQt OI,l)' 'he &'" of God, a. a I'<'"",n, I~" .J><) the him:l
<J.t:- or ,be re.,.,u, according to wbieb 0\",)1hiug call be explained
:lUd , h", de~rl'i kllo,..".
Tt.o.e ",,,,,,m;' ,,'ha, Coo cre",,,d;n tI>e heginning. Takjng i",o
aero,,", Lt .., the lI' ""~' ",c~ns hUlh ',,"om,' .,><1 '",,,,,,,,, . O'W,,',
,;.;..- i. ,ha, thc.o: MJU/ are ,h~ word. u,""""l by C od ",he" h" "''''
"I"'~killg '" hi, So" a' 'he "~),,,e," of 'he """"io" or 'he ,,'orld
according to I';""",i" '1'1 .. ,1,6)<>, of God an", from 'he crea,il'(:
rt""r#jror, 0" , of "'hion -I><';"g' 1><1f~n lU ",ako ",."..,. It is ,"TWinly Go<l "ho b",ugh t
them int" .."ing. b LU th. act "f ,hi, 'c"'~tiQ '" ;" I><>,,,")"<d a, a"
~"'crnncc' of 'he Fa,her to th< Sou , ' [1,es< ~'''Cnt''C'''' (in Greek ,
~, mean, ' ''t1ern"c-eo'' 'wordo" ,....d a, ~....,n") i. ",ha, ""tu
all)' cd"' .. ""0 beo'g 0<" of ""n.I",O'g.
Tl", 'oI~U of cO"""OIplatio'" ... ,,1 ",...""s dt:co,.,,~ Ilt" 1....1)'
"f "i.",,,,, and .re "",imil',ed to 'p",ciou, "0''''',' ('.iliut 'i~,o,), )"'t
l;"; ng onN.'" It ,bould Ix- cu.pru..;"1 ,)~" althoLJgh ,he", '''one>
an: regard1 .. li';11g. 'his life i< 'k~ 'he life of any011e ot her than
Co<l: 'Icis is lhe d;,"",' lif< of the \l'i,,<lo,," )' .",<If. th'" is. lhe hr.' of
the So" of Cod, as ~ 1;";"8 I",rso"~l ,,,I"",ntial i nC<''1'<',,'~l hyp<~ta.
,i" Sp<'~ki'>g of "10'"'''' itl the plural, " 0 no,ion of 'di"i"COon' OT
',b,;,;io,'- i. implied : th. ",p,,"";on i, '..-for.... ce '0 incocp"rcal
"~'u"". iu ,.,-Iliclt 'he "mion of'dj,,;,io,,' mal", "" "'''>c,
Accordo'gl). ,h~ ",ahly l",nm)'<.1 here is ,he di,,,,,, O"~. There
i, no corpore.l n.tu,,- ~ nd Ihen: is no "'orld a' "11. It i. God "loo
1;"'''': f(,c 'life .-i, h"ut " I~.cly i. found in 'he Tri"i'), alone ... T he
i. only God ~'ho ;" ~'i,h<>'" part>. ,inc. h" 'is e",i.-dy 0<10 .nd , im
plc' 10 e.-&; ~ .. oOV .<iVt'll Cv '",iv rut ,,~/,o\,v ," EH" ,be I.ogo.
(wl", ex"", in ,;",<1,... """ ;" '0'" aI,hough he ",onp""" mab) oIti:"
of con"mp].,,;o ... ,'arh of ,he", u!)(i,'''''ood a, pon "f th,' Log",'."
~ Cf. If>!<, 3. 10.

O' -)..10, 19, XXI!,
CtI.. VI. n. er I Coc. 1. 12, N,'v, I,. f: '8. 12: 1'<. 18. 1I;:IIl. f: ",c.
fuo<, Il.n.
_Joh.. 1. XX ,
~~ ..,~.v

T hi. i, 'he , m" ""hieh Origtu cat'" ' bl;" IW""-PlOflW," by ,h;,
poi"lh' g 10 Ihe """~') of the dj,,,,,,' I;J,' , .. ,h. "~Ie "h.", lh. tlOlioD
of b.; i"g oU' of """.b.; i"g' had t"'l!"" W m.ke """,e" 'Il,. 'Cml,
'11", h" .,,, I\I)" <"'" ""P""'' .
or \'1" \" ... are uocd :.I.",, " In th i,
co",n' be ",feI'< '0 '1.b. holy on<> If"", iryiuw) who eOlllpk'dy Ii,,,,,
immal",,,1 ."d inC<'!JX>re,,1 ~fe in bli,,"," It !J,oul,1 he a,I<k<1 hen:
,hal ,b . lern' 'I h" hol)' on"" t"", irr''''\') 1'0iu", 10 11" , "",Iil)' of ,h.
,[i" i"" h"liJl~", I" lhe <an,.. \'Cin , lhH. i, f<f~rc'",e to b<,.;om ing '"
ci,ur n of ' h" holy pbce) of G ,,,!' , 'he lenn 'holy' being " n< "' ~r,
no, " maruin" a'lj<,,'i,'c. It i, " I"" in ,h i; .. 'n", ,h"t ,'a,em",,"
0110<11 'i1O\'i' ible c,,>lute>'" ,hould be unde"" ""'!. Thi, i, why he
h,., "0 h",;,,,,iao i" calb"g thc"" ,rea",,,,", 'Ihe i."1;il ,l,, Ihj,,1:' of
Co<l' no;:; 4<.0""'"'' "'~ e.o~ .nd '.'cmal ,"",,', ,".. hi,h arc 'elc"''']'
(ni"",i", ,, , hy "inu,' of 'he facl 111al ' h'!)' an' 'illl'i, ihk' rope",,,;; ,"
,hat ;" l><'Ca"'" lhe"" 'creat",,,,' an' i" the di"ine realit)" Since. a'
,hb ""~'C, all)' t<mpordl notion i, ,"ch"k<l. i, i. ol)l'~)U' d"" 'eteT'
"a]' indicale. the q"alit)' of being in lh,. di.;". ~fe ,.- Iuoh i. 'etcr
""I', Th.. h'n" 'ch'rnal' in Ihi. cos<' '"!(l;'''''
a qud;!l' of bc;Ilg '110'
any '1 U'llI il), of tim e lhA' i" no' ,~'crl"'li "g ().f I~'gilllli"gl< .. ,Iura
tion\, , iuce dumlum i!>Clf i> cxd ll(hl frolll ttml ",tte,
T he f" lI(la",,.,,,al dl ",acterutic of lhis di.,,," "'''~ry ;, '" oiry' ~ "d
'ag""me"". Thj, ~ "",uall), th e kiJl(I of u"it), thal applie, 10 lh
.--..I.um) of Ib e Son '0 'he Fa,her, T o d"p;<1 d,i. " Oil), ".., a 'a,k
"'K",<kd b)' Orig<' '' , ignif'" ,,,"' '"lough a. I" dL"'-" I" '''l.er"i,' nal)"
" " 10 il ,"
I" 'he ~ght of lhi, lO uity (and alt hough the radica l di/lertnee of
,,'i.dom fm m ",haI ".,.. c"'~l<-d h", t",c" cko<l) poi,,,,'" 0011. p:<i--
"'g<" ,u<h a. rn" folh,'i og co" ld 001 r~i... do"bi; or 'I''''Slim,,:
110...... ,,"' ~ si>!<r of ",-,,,,,!Of 11", t'athcr "''''' owl< iocoopocoain.>lorc,

n,-,de I",r '00, "U' 1><" it i, nOl 11", Son of God ~ hu ~ ''''''''H: i, i.
,)'" """" n~obli.on <>I' t1>< ~ a,.l ..,,,,,,,,,<aI!..
:.0 "cl! .. ",hA",....
!!Xi,,,, in ~ ;,,\0," , "'1",,1,, r i, i. I." '0 d<.> "iIh j,xig<",,,,,' 0< '"'".. ~ ' nC<' , "
" ~.... , I, :-':\'11 , I, .'\X, ~2, ,~\ ' lll , CtI!, \ ' 1, H ,
" ~. , ~2 , X\'II!,
" ~, 19, XXII
.. ......JM<. I, :-':1'11 .
.. fA<, \ '11 , J7,
" cm. \'11. 7. ...., -]Mo. ~. :-':I'll
" ..I('". r.. Gm 11, I ; 1-. 1lGt', '- 16, 1'1" 3t.7--11;fiO<,
.. <vI'"" /,

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" 'WI -"'I" Y.J 'Wlnl Uot 'i~ "tI " " ,,(I .., 'W""" """11" _.
..
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'00;'$ 1 lJd ' 1 -"",,"'U""', ', 1 ". f\' '' ''''''''~ 'R .,.. p""'l 'u '11 L "'I" J:) , '~I
"'I' " "'ll -n~ T
'u :,ttS '''rn' ''''''I''!-~J''
u -.cl'm.\); '.
""'!'"'!i'!' _s
,
W 'I -_ - - ...
~)"J;" ' I ~', 'H " ">(I " " " ,, "'" ""I"" '. .: -",1"
',\IXXX 'I 'IXXX 'I 'HIM': ' 1 '.\IXX ' 1 'XX 'I
' L \~ "~,,,
.>q '~lI",rurl ''''e'' >L11 pnp. ' ''0 " !'I'!_" ".'1' '!"!,~"'".n: Lp " !,, I, "! 'I
'" ._.a.:.JU"'"' lL""" J;~ "'JJ" 0' liUloli" >q' 'I" 4-'1 u" "",,,,,,,
"l J" ->['I~l
lL"" "'4 1'","d.>Jd . -""1 lP' lUOIAI,\\ '.1).I(YI ''I' JO.{ V"Y I ~Il' -''I
!laJi.,,!! 'l""'J 1~,,"'n'J J" JI'l~1 ~ .. P"Y pu .. pu~ ~\{1 ,p~"'" "'1"
"'-'ql 01 "" J'"
~'I '<11" " I '0"
"'OI""!-" JO 'W~"'l' ~'{ I Slupe'OJd 'rue,
I"""~ ' !4' Qlcll,u! 0'1_" "'!-"lCl ' ! l~ '"'11 ~,,~, .. ',"' ''-'.'''1 JO '''op
_iiUl~, ''I' 0 ) "~P' "'~uO '"'(fl" U! <,oo!"I.,..." '1 '1' J O UL"-' "1' " I
""'m"", [""OIl'" u' "IJ~J Ol " ,.."",1 " 'P " 'I
P~''''''''''I " ," 'P' ... n"" ... '''OS "'I' JO ,,"'" >d "I' '''~,,!pUl ",oJ"''''!'
W.'" Jq.J. '00' " U<>I.,.~." P"l"'~.. ,~ qJ'q ... ,.. '(.'1'<\11 .np JO "'"'~Id ",,,,
'''OJ 1'''" ll"! ~ JI';" "!l"" Ul. P"I I~J .>J~q ...;"p\ .~!'J)"'''' "'!-'!P ~4' JO
~~"I"" "~ ~'{ ' ~U !.,,,,)I'.X{ 'I~"'J JO u"!i ~4' ,~ I'~~!""I~ '11,,,,,.1 " <!
w<'I'''''' "U~""l.I"" 'u, ~w'" ld~,,,oJ ''lL ' wop" " JO ~U!U~>w I""!JU
"1' lOO<f<' PP'I '"O!lOO """ ""~ """"P ,u01' 'I'll.
, .. JI'' ''''!'I 1>1."1:) " (00'1'
.,~" '''4' "4"''J ~U !""" " ,AoLo"t!"tl.' ",,",>;>rild~ """!_&,~ I ~"! '11
,wum'l JO n"!"'"'q.>Jdll"" '" n=>."'" \ ""'!'(l ~~\<>mM~) is''!LI' .JI'~'!P ~LI'
JO 'Hp"I " ""'~ d",,], " '! wOp"" ''''I' ' .1.. "'I ""4'''''r.-t ",,- .. ,uo1""I-"
JO '1, -.0:1, 1'' II"";u. "~)"I "O"~ P"" oO""""P" '4"" <l'P I'"u 1,,<dS
AI<J H '''1' ,('1 p.>."""':'q "! LI"!4" 'uk1""!-" '''1' "! I~"'IJI' ! .>.nI .>l!p~
'P' 0"'l 1''''' UO!'IDol" ..'''f' ''''''""oM
,~. !""' m!~",. 'If> ~~1
~1 1 .. ,4""""" " '''1-'-'''01''"'0 .l.l'I'!" ,. '1''J'r'~~ OIl' 0, u""!l! "'''I''~''
"'l' .'IOU"!, .{. u, I! '.'rpuo.:<.." "~''''''9~~''i') ,!,,,))d.I'l l~uO<.Ic>tl ~ "
"'I" l><>'~Jo "OS "'1' Ol"~'" .'uw ""." ~'I' " "'!1 ;.."".. 0'" 1!l wo
""!-" JO "".,.1,' 01 'I'I!'OO.>1l '! 'I
'~'.I ,I<,!",,,h
' !'I' ""!p II ~" I ''''!I"A "1) 'I' !" (I"~lllD!uu!l''''1 IM). ''r,,'PDJ!,
'! 04." '!os .ql JO 11""",,1 "11 "'''''j p>q'milull,!p '! 'UOI"!'" .'I'.Ul.
"'I' '''~.L ...<Jll"llluliI..1 "'" .uu ,a'l' ,''!ww. ,... ~ ""'p'I" ," SUI
. "~,,., ,'''''''''''. pu~ . """"ld",,,ooJ JO '=~IO. '''1' ''''f' """am ",,"uO
"""1"~" "! ll,,! ,,!~,./'> >pVU L ~'I' "! U"",,, :1'1'0." ><1' JO " '!'''~l>. JO
IIO " OU ,, ~!-'O 01 "lu>t" oq." ",o'll ('I '~.'''U" "0 "1 0<.0 " '''~L
0 .".1 '''' ~". ,, ~

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',\IXX ' 1 ~ ...

'111.'-":-'; "j '''1''[-- ...
\IX"," "1 '''!''c-- '"
'I~L 11 U,l '!! '>,JA> ''1: 61 'u '\fof"JO '~ I '"1 ';'1 'U'""" ..
"1O!"L).u>d J",)J'~f' P 01 '''1'''1 [I! )1"1 -".If'!''' .. ')I~ "'l'.JO..,.,Jdi AJ" !'I'lIJJ
><1 '.I"'J. ~LI' JO "" I' J 0 .1I'~ LJ Il!l' "'I, Y' II,,! "10,,,0., "1' J >q l!~ "!-l 'I:J 0,
lI".,i[dd _ "I 811L~ 1 ;>w,,, '4' "I' l(~' ,0(,1' JUO " Idw"', ~ J(), [ -"'W,"'
'''I ;>l!""!",,,W 01 "1'I~"~i IOu <! " ' uOS '''1' (pU!~" '"O\.J."I ,,,,.,.
'41 0, u '~lI , ..l (n"nU"' ' UOf'\l,\\ JO ,um"lnuoo '''11 n~ ,!~n01{lIV
'hlOl"'.\\ Ol .0&1 1
><1 ' Y' 1I<)!"'PJ ' Lp )n" l!"!lU!",1 " ! I"'. VU!) JO liu!''l 1" .. 0<1"",. ~4'
U! 'OSo-1 ~4' J" ..., ,,.. aJd II'!I "I' 8 Ll ~\"Ju"'l ,~ '1""1 J"~[' " ~H
..,'_"""0" """I' f'IJ'4 -"l
r ue", '1'''1.'' l~o.>"I ~I' '''OP'')'''~ ~, ""<>:1 _"",.~~ "" U!"~"" .>01'
00,110 '''!''OO 01 I'!P>" .. I' "",);>1' ~H ",m<i!J.>S .lOl' " ! I~)I'OJ "l"t)
J" "U'!'"n><id" 'Jp "'"! >J!nbu! ". "P.I<) U! "'I"'rmm JV ~"''H ''''_~
'4 ' JO u~tI ~lU~[ ~ 'PD~[' >Lt '1I,!,~1 '!Il' "IIP-W " "I "'~O """ 0
'fX'!) JO uOS ~'l'
'PO '''I 'udwo, =[['1\" """'"'I 'pup' ,,, .h;..., '''''';'11'1' .'[1'""') "".,,
" 100 '! '''O!''''!''!I' J" '',,!100 P. ;><1 ,,' "'l.>.>i ""'~'P JI 1)""""1 "'''1'
.'!.'" JO ~>D~"''l t'" ~'I' u! 1I0!'~\ !P 1'''''''''
.'ue ~'>\\I""IJ"! lVI' up ""1'
.' !." 0, 1.,! ~ld~ ""~,,!p,>JtI >1lO!-l~" "1' ' 1nl' "w,'u ' !4.1. "" ..:>.)Im"'I'"
u, "()""""'~I' .' "~ " I,lw! "',,"'os "'I> 01 p.>l lI q"". ,,,,,,,,b,,,(), "'~'I'
' "'\' ....... ~!t .. pTn011' , ,,0 ()Oe ' ~'I' '''''J
'''1' 0, P.>II~'> .. O()!><"'''V
'pIlQ 'I"' ,,-,><1
'"'!"I''' ,,,b!,, ,, ' iq "li"dll'! '! ""1' JO" 'II,'!,; "11 y ) "'''''' 0 "1'
~!"'IIIJ ! ,011 ""1' 'I"!~).U.) ' I Jl""" LI L"'~"~" ,~ IIO!,~' ! P JO nO!L'!"!1'
J() 1I(),,()U ~"" '(I')w, ,0 (1 '""1) "'0"." J() 'u()!"h,""" J'> r.1" '''U.
'OI ."()n~ld\u"'''()j JO '1'''''10 'O()"~., J'> ",,,,<.,.:1.(11.
" it' " ' OI"!.I\ l>JelI .... 0' II.~!JO "Q Il~ q'I'I" '''1<1'', '' U! ~n!"!~,
.,~,~i '" 'O~'!p '4' ft ' IM"!""'ltI 'q' y ) ",,!,O ll "1' '(1"',"!='oI ' ! ' I
" ,.,,~. 'P'" O ) .....pi "~u!J'!IjQ

IX'" [... .,_, '''I) ''''''J " Sm,.) ""." '4' "'0'1'--'"" 1> ,.. . 1'"' "P-'''-~
"'""" 1 ~,~" PU! '" ""!.'!p ,~, P"!U' ~II~" ~ ,..~" '!'l't.o.>Jlo >ojO 'p-',.i
' ,>Up 1""-' '''1' '! o'I ~ JI-" ".~o J"I """J "I'.'" .~ q'~I'" ..~.,,,.I" "" '1d
'''lr-' "1' "'I" 'I> j "'1"-"lIJ'-' >1'1"'. itw, "-'" 1'",,,i.>J~ .s"' lJ ~"" 'IIO<[ UL , u~l ~IU~' '4' '" lUol"'~" JO "I~ .. h
.,u
"
.~()LLV:"'" r ~LL~"'".'O ~ d
CIW'I to" IWO
of him. Thi. i.... hy Christ 'i, 1101 ' ho ,amc ",'hen h ~ io nam<' 1I0n _
,,,,,,,ne,," OIe"" froM' (he diff"",,, f"oc.;"", of ",~ l.ogoo ;" "'I,'lio"
to 'he ",0,1,1 .nd (hi. di(~1'<!"cC o( ("""",n, pnoduc,.. di(fi"c," m,,
e"!,,ioll' of lh< 'i,,". O';~CII ;. dea, lhal ocyoll d (he (,"" 'wo COII_
<g"io ," of (he '>oil which pertaUl exd ,, ";,..,l)' '0 hirll>clf Ith "' i.,
Wi"lom .nd l.<>g<" the "tbi,d :wd f(,~rth" COIl C,,!";O'" of the So"
a .. in fac, "impo>ed "pon <fea,ure. b.,. 'he Log""" '" .in they",''''
t",m 'he ("'><:1"'" uf 11,.. l,ogoo in ""1",,'( of ,h., ,,'odd .
li ke",;"" 'he So" .. ap~~ o"ly ,..h"o h" .. <o"""i,'<'<I a, lI"i,.\ol11 :
he i. ,,," aPl~ "" h, " be ;, Ct",coi,'ed as l.og"" So UO oue ohould
be "''1"i",d, ,ha, the Sa,;our, ;" ",'r ~~id hefort, ;, many gooo:l.
(.oU6. a1<'M ""d ,hore are ",;\1,.,. CODUI"ion> of hiru, onc fi,.." ooe
"",-o,>d, 0"" ,)oj"I";'" tor ";r ~")'o'w is c~I".hl< of ..-",w,i";"g ,b<,
hid<kll (ru,h of ' ho Scrip(ure, he migh' ~,>d ,he r"n 'a "S" ~ lhe
concg";''''' which arc fo" ud , her<"; ye' J (~) U(~ ' hink he will fi "d
Ih ~m all.'"
T lw concl,,';on is ~' ''' "if0'''' "~"",iJl<' l';u!lS,,, kiJ>gl) .n ,h" 001\-
"'l"io'" of"'" &'11, he ,,-iU find ",a' he i. n-gank,j "" "PX~ o,J),
in ,,' 1Il"c1, a, he i. ,hough, of a, "-;,,,~,m: h~ "0""01 be "'!!"rdcd
'" ,; px~ et'C ll if he i, concei,..,./ '" l .og'''. ~''
\\b., O, i ~o ... ioh .. t() (I<11OIe h"" i. ,ltis: the "-,,ip,urol '(Oil'
"'l"ion,' t",V"""\ of 'he Son ,boul(1 1>0' piattd io " cl""u",,1 rang".
Th~'y """d ,n on 'onId,'" .uch '" Wi"'~"n 1.(~I ~fc-Truth
.1 "stic..-... Cl",'" T his ,u("(",,,,'on i, iOl'g and hi, oo",,,'t'o " '" (h:. ,
h""...,"<, ,,-011 m")" OIlC ,'ud)' ' h ~ Script"'" he ,,;11 DO' ",,,,,,,u'~i)' b.
nble to oay th., Ite It .. li>u'MI .u tloo (oocq"io"" of (h" ~D. lu du.
'o"kr' ,;.ch co"c~l'lio" is "'I,., i, .. '01> ;.coouo,' ~De ' 0) of "'k "
th . pn-,;"", <o""el',i"" in ,h,' """""ss'o,, i "<1ic~",.'" 11, i, 1Il"~'"
th a, .och concep,ion in ,10. omor " LIIl(ic'"'tt)()(i '0 be '1>,,,,,<10" ill
,da(;"" to lha, ''''' ' '0 il, '1'1"", ""i,dom' i, a concep';"" or ' h e Soli
,. .--/"', I, XXXJ.
, .--0...,2, X\'(\'.
n' ".,.J""'. I, XJX.
: :=::: ~~I
,. ~.... I, XXXI
n. -J-h. I, xx; I , XXXI
'" """'IlMo, I, x'''''Xl

,,-hich is, a, i, "-on,, 'bruad., ' ,han ,hat <J; Logo., which com .. ""t.
For Lt'!,"'" "w"," il, aN~' . whic h meaus. 'he I.ogo. ".,.. 'il, Wi,,~)m',
,;,,,,e il is 01'-'" \\'i"k." "'ho CM be ro,,,,ei, ..,d a. 4P1:~ ' O nc< lI"i,d"",
<otll~i", . ..., to sp<" k. ,h, Logoo, i, folio,,, ' h'" Wi,dom i, ~ CO''
C"l'lim, broadec ,han tl~" of Logo . So 'he I.ogoo cam,o, be regarded
., p~~, ,il,<c '; PI:~ i, a c01l<<"I><io" 'broaoo" th o" t he I.ogo .
\\" i"~),,, is & PI:~ bec""", il,,, i. G(~r. w;"~)m h",.,clf ""<\ i" f" U,
"hile l.<>gm alone e""UlO' be rom;dered " ' "' Ihll manifcom,iort of
C"d', "'isdom . lI"isdom i, PX~ lorta",.. ,he Ca ll I,.. m~"if,,,,,,.,j ...
I.<.>g< " "d to be C<)mp",h~Il'kd by Ih" erea'; "" ,h," w'u mad< 'i ll
"-j,.d,) ,,,'. She i. o:p ~~ bcc~",e . he co," ,ai", th e I.og.:, obe ca" he
"",,,if,,,,,,,1 .. Log".. SIoo (o"miu. ,hi: I.ogo. 1'" ,hi: i. no, comaj" ed
in him.
'l'h i' i, Ill<" S<' ",", iu "'loich ~\" l..ogoo C~" llQl 1><. [hough' of ""
"PI:~ - 1,'8'" i, a p""icuJ.r, "" to -'I~,ak, man ib,aliuu of "' isdom,
bee" " ", la, >1at-o<1 iu J ob n I, I th< LoS'" ,.-'" i" O:Pl~ , " .m<ly he
w,,", iu 'he WOOo"'. It " .,.. " 0' ,Ioe ,,isdom ", ho wa> in the [.ngu.:
i, " '"'' ,b" Logos "'10,, ,,,., iJ, lI' i.dom,

In Lk" m:'tu",r Ik Logos is oro;,<kr 11."" 110,. u"", conceptio".
""md)", 'life". For lif" 'w., made in ,h<; I ~,!!O,-.LL'
So (he 1 ~>gO' i. t he \I""(~)m of (',.,><1 manifc,,j in "" b . ""'r
(Iom ' he ran be p"",en-ro bl" rmion.J (",,l'u n:'. C"',<1;on com. i",
",, ;'>o.Ji,). ,,,,d il ;, 'b rougb ,bis r.tionali,), ~'aI c ..... uon """,if"",
0",1', "' isdom . "'gai ", (he I~,!!o> is God', "";d"m ,h,,( c"'a ,,,, life
alld <a(ion"l i '~'" 1,'1(0" i, ' he di.-in< m:.nife>"uion. (hruugh "h ieh
m ,~ ",al c",,,",,,,, ,"crn-" a him of C<><I', ,,"is d (~n . becau>< 'ho I,>go<
;, I\'.. dom h,,""lf nmuii<:;,cd in ,Ioe ,,orkl.
TIll'''' ;". lb",,Fon:. 00 <tiff""''' .... U, "..,,' ''"'' b<-I,.-,,," \\"i '<lo'" ,,,,d
I.<.>ggic~ 1 da,.;Fk,.,i"" of Ih,",. ,im p ly
beC" " '" ,h<r< i, no ."b,.' a"tial di"inction b,,' ,,-ee n ,h ... n a, . 11 Thc ir
,L"inc';"n i. onl)' an i,,,U<.;,,, al " " c. T bi, is "'h)' , b ~ i" lI e " aoou,
c""<<1't;011> of 'h<: Son. ),I or==, i, WlC'O without SiI)'ing 11"" 'hen:
;" "0 " ",ion of '''''IJO", I d",inC1io" I"" ",",,, 'hem ince 1",,10 ,h...
<""""I'tio", c~i" in ,h1CtnporM life of Cod.
, . _]oh.. " X 'X , U<.>OngJol'" I, ,, ~ "" " ~:;'-' 1, X I X,ji]"', ,I.

, Ji)fM, 11. It io "<tile ,har"..... " .... ' h" lh<' '''u' 't.oo.<>lK;' '1nr,~ ill
()""k J..., ""'..".. """ ~ith "'" knn "I,,!!,,,' ,......... no. "'f'<A~' ~ ongn,',
*
nvrion , .... , 'r>lion..ol ,,,,.,u,,,: 1J.ur< ,,g an- , .aIk-d '" """"" or thtU- p.utidl'Ahon'
in "'" I""", or God; .,

CIW'I to" IWO
COIlc<ming ' he lI",i"" of prWKkll'i"l cJ~atioll, ,he '1 1k"'i,,,,, which

"rile> i. thi" do all ,bc cOllc<1>,ion. of Chri" make "'''''" "' hclI God
i, colJC<i, ...-d iu Himself "'i,ho,,' all)' n01;O>I of hi, cn:a,;"e actio,,?
WI",,, Cod i, l"''''';''cd in Himself, "lid 110' a< ercolOr, "I",, 0 ....1
i. pe",e;,'.:d. '" ,0 """,ok, bif"" he decid.:d ,0 creale, doe. i , make
,",,,,,, '0 'I)C~" of <olltt",io,,. of the So" a' all? Aud, if i, """',
which of 'heru make "'"'" in ,IK- (li,;"e ,i",c"=" e" ill ' he ab,cllc~
of all)' (l"",ioo '0 cre",e ""d ;11 the absence of a,,), c...,a,i'"e ne, of
hi,''' ..\S ~ m~""r of bCI, Ori!;,'" him""lf I"'"'" lhi> q""..
i'~) al ~
"a'aill poi nt. '" Although h" .,""<,
th i, 'Iuc"ion " , 'houl f"rt hcr
~'''lIIilla,iou a' 'h'" ,nomc ,n, be don r.;ce i, b ' er in 'he """e work.
III ,; .....' of th~ ",,,I meaning of 'h" .ucce.. ion of Ihe So,,', cOn,
"I"iu" Origl:n raj ... , Ibe q " eM~m of ,h.ir relatioll '" ,IK ,,-o,ld
aod 10 ,im ... Hi, an,,, .. , i, ,ha,. ","..\fIg ~II ,h"", cO""'pl iOon" il i,
..,,,1), \Viodvm ."d l.vgv. ' ha' ha'" . 1",,)". ,,i...d ill 'h~ au:ml...,r~1
heill g of G,~1. C'"C" ill 'he ",ali,) ,I"" God h",1 110' )'<1 <iecid"d ' 0
e,""",e. The [.ngo. ,,'" 1"""'0' in Ond', ,,i>dom i:legiuningle,<i),. in
11.., ",,,Ii,), ,,h.... ,he" , ".'" "0 ".,in" '" ~II. Th,' Logos i, I...
~"rou~b ,,'hom' ,he world ,,'as ",,,,le, lIu, 'he [..<>t;'U' ,,'., " 0' him-
""If "'ad<' ad iw<: he ".,,, 'k~ '''",dc'~' ~ll , he '""''' ,,;1h Ood' "",~)~. m
The "''' o{,he So n", c(.lCq~i'~l" howC"l"Cr. had ~ l>q(inni"g. 'nC}'
m~k .," ,'" ()'~r in '" m uch .. G,~l i. rtg:lrtle<l "" C n:ator. T"fwy
"VJ~'ar 1',o,,,k01;,II)" "'''<'0 C;od bro"gL, provide",i:,1 0""' ;0" iJ,to
h";ng. imo ,he '~~"m of "'!ie,'''' of "'''''e mpo,' .... '' lh" ",a, "n:.. ~d;
" ill ,h,,), moh ~ct",,1 se",,' 0,,1) " hen ,t", ~e,,,aI en-",io" ,' ~mc ;n' o
~.i .. e"cr. Thi., brcau.e. in on!.>r ' 0 .peak of 'Collc:q>, jon.', ,he ..
,"uM I.. illdi" id,ml! who <nocej.,,, of Cbri" in one way OT "no,h
aod c",ne i" a ce<1;,io ...,b,io" '0 hio'. 'Ib",. ;" on]e, '0 c""""i,..,
..,f Ch ri" a, ~ ', h,'phcrd. ,he'" sl>o"'d bo an :"e,,,,,1 'tLock. OIhc,,"
"i" thi. coo""!" i"" m:tl:.. no ..,,.
'n,o "ho"e anal)""" 0110'" nQ'" " P"'I'<r illflO!irr i",o 'h c a.,., ,,io,,
,h " ,11< ';0" 'i. Ulaul' good.' (nolli 7u6i.,.'" Th<>;c 'g<~"'" on: I""
' he ' oonct",iom' of ,be Son. T hercfon:, ,I>"", 'gooo:l!' do n01 imply
"".>dl,
," 0;,..>oo.J;' tilt """ '",(On,' ;. " .. d ;0 k.<II<' .., rlk'. j "~ to. tilt ..,., J
~ ","nU" nnbon. t"". .";'<1;' ~ ... ' h'g 'I,&n,' ..... k.'. "" """" in ",un' ~ lU<h
~ tim<b. "11... ~ an ~ 1"',/,oIern ~'"' h Orit!<n hom",lfww .. 01 <h<~ ,
.. ..,..
......".... 1. XX .
.~ Jnhn I. l.
'" ~ I. X~"'.

"ny Jcind of I~",onic "ntiOl' nf '", i,ung in 'hem""I,.... , 'hey "-Th'
Old)" 'ill ",illd' no,' ",ivo ,n> .'" no' in th em",h'", a. i"di,;,1"31 alld
,h,uno I~~'g .
Tb;, point i. sign il;"ant. h.. c~u", il ''':<,,~U~ consu,,,lC. ~" ' '"' to
,ial dilkre n<o ofUng""', nolio n of'con""p,io", ofChri" from a n y
1'Ia,onic ,,01l0n of 'id"",,'. III 11"0. Idea, ha,'e real "",I undi,
pu'ahk oci>l,ncc "' beillg> iu ,hem",h..,.. Tbi. mea,,' tL~, I,k",
have an "...,nual being in f,,", i, i> in 'he [,le .. ,ha, 'he """"ce
of ,hing>;' w be to,,,,d.
11)" con,,,,,L ill Ong<:n ,he '<o,.c.~ption.' h.",,, no beillg of lh<ir
O,,"ll . "" idca,. A, he eXI'l-\j", "th" f.", th.~, wc ,Ii",,,,,, ""nccpti"'"
ill the ",,;on" ohoold n01 "",har.., "")"0''''; for nO obe should 'hi"k
,ha, ""' do 'he "'me 'hi"~ in '''''nc,'' ,~~l\.i:; ~;, "po"~o"h,,
bln "f"wj.,.,. ~~""' "'. Iv '<{t o.. ,~P\ t~"oi" . oi';~.v", ""; 'ii w..iq.
".,;,,;. ~~,,:; """iv )'" ']),u . ,it" 'cut"'"P';''''' do no' ha"" an)' ,_n o
,;"1 ex;'tcuc<" ill th"",,,,I>-,,,, "eithcr do doe)' i u,,,~I,,c"C "ny e.!OCu,i,d
'~";"C,i"b in ,be Son of God.
'I'h.,,,fo,... 11," ron"'pUOl\, ,,'i>;ch "an,1 af,., \\"i5(iom ~"d I.<>go<
cau to" ke " It",, o'd) iu ~,e ~ xis!c,"'" of ti,,.,.. I~" i . j" ,h,' "xj,.
"",,.., of 'll~ aCi<'al ma,cri.l ~",a,i"n . '.. T h;, n",~ '" ,10", , I", re" of
,ite So,,', couccl',io"., f",," the third ,1("""""",1. "'''y cxi" (~lly iu
'he I're!OCllce of ,in"',''"' It i. d"n otJ..io", thm 'here Ca" be DO ';m
uarh)' of ,he"", 'gooo.!;' 10 ""l' Plawnic ""'ioD of "lc"'l"''"'~ ';d.",
eXisti"! .. ,Ii"ille' ",h';>lo", i"d i \'id,,~ I ,. h, "'>po"t of thi" lh.;", i,
a .i~"iflC"~ '" d.",if",.tiotl of 'he COll("<l"ion, of Chri" in a tl".cfold
,d.. me:
~i ...tly. concepuo", ",hich do Ttot pert";lI to Ch",. bim",lf. bu,
ordy '10 OUt,, oi/x o~t<{t. itU ' "'''po,<;):'' ,uch ,,'" ,he 1't"l:,I;catiou'
of him .. ,hq,hcrd'. \,,)., W'lC'. '",,1" .
S.C<ll"Uy, CO""'1ltion. ,,hich I",,,ain ho.it to Cb,.;" iti.melf a "d
'Q o,he" (n~'q. m! ".pot" '" alile: ."ch ;, ,h, """'''P,io'' of t;h";",
.., Logo<; also a. \\iM~"". '0 d,. nl<l11 tha, en:~t1' re< C~1t COnt
p'~h<",1 the dj,ine ,,-;stlotll.
,.. _JoIo., 1. IX.

,~ .......
'D _JoIo. 1, XX\lII.
~"""
m _ ..JoIo., 2, XIX .
~ _ ..JoIo., 2. "Till.
,~ I ....

c,w', to" ,wo
' I hirctly, c<onc"1~ i",u ,,-hieh I"'rtain ollly '0 Chri " hilll>clf a lld 10
,,0 onc c& b:c"r<j> ~u; o\,Ii",{ . '''' III ,hi . '''' ''gory the", .. the COIl _
cep,ion or Ch';", .. \\";.d",n. in as much a. a eerlaill ',yS\om or
....
ohj<-cu of co",ernpl,,'ioll ill him' a"" ,~~,,, e,<up~~,,'M' <:;v' .... ~"
n",ip) calln o' he coml''':h< Ild.~ by allY """""d n3t"' .
III ,i~' of thi> ' hird ca'egory of cODccptioll', Orig"n 'l><ab of
Chri.. _"atLug ,h~t "then: ;, " ' y" olll of object> of <011 "'IIIl'l;,t;"II ill
him. in n. much ... he .. ,,-t.dom. W'ne of wbieh ",e incompre.
hensible b) 11 ....... " of th,' O'ca'cd nalll",n 'ii ""'oji '''P- ,,~,6v
lvv~'ii ~, . '" Accordi ngl'. Ill< 'm ultiHJde of obp_" vf <on"'m_
pIAti,,"' IN ~Ai\e.,. ,.... Oru.p~~a.,,,,,, AI~)", Chri .. i. ineompre he,,,i_
ble nOt only by h\J III.o b.oing". b\Jt ,,1,;0 by any <",atu"' . inee it i.
only C hri .. alld 'he Hall' Spiri, ,, ho caD colop",brn,1 tb<~n.'"
III ,..-re"""", '" !h.. ro,tITP' ;OIl of 'IiF ("hieh ;. 'he tocal 110,ioll
of Ibe .pa'i"tcmp,,r.l ",alityl. he llIaint" i", Ib .. ,hi, cancol', i,,"
hdollg> to 'he /i"t c.,egory: ' he eOllCq>1i0l1 of 'Iik ' p"r1ain, no' to
Chri .. bi,w.e lf. but '" othe,-, O"l ,,01<1> a.Uci. ;;'/po,.,.""
...,t"....
M)' c",,,,lu,;,,,, . ,h .. i. ,ha, 'h,'''' ca!> l><" "a oou<m of 'bF
of ",[j""al creature, 'lxf",,,,' ,he , ...,al'"'' of loor.lily "aluTI' il<elf, If
Oll O '1><.10 ,oou' lifo 'bd",,' !he cx;,,'c,, of bodily "a,"re. he ca '"
not 'I>cak of " ,, ),thiug ebe h,,' of th e life of God. I.ife reforrcd to
, .. 10",,1 <reat" ",. ' I,mm' 'he "",ab"" of bodily na,,,re i; umhiok
aLI~ ."d !rI" ~'" "" ",,,,,'. I" !h, ' ",,,iog of Orig~D', ,hough ,. 10 01'1'1)'
th e nOlian of 'Iif,' If) "" ;Oll"J cn;,""'c. t><fo",' ,irn<' i, a" n Oli", '"
,ic~ 1 phil,-"",phical premise, ,,.
Thi. i. ,,'11 ), Origell sta',.. ,ha, lif~; .. a "",,e'1>1i<m "f ,h. So".
did "Ot exi" ill tU""""'""". b,ll 'l>ccame ' ,,-it h cre.bOo.' " I'.,nirnlar
a",,"';on ,hould be l'a~1 10 a 1",;Il , ", hkl, ;, ,Id ieale: R (",al~ " g ,n)'
pl'''''iou, " m.,I:,,, i, .hould I.>< l1(}i"",d ou, ,h", ,h" affin" "'ion 11""
life t>OCam. p<TIain. to Cr<",,,,,d.,- life, '" Orig< n hi"",,1f Hplain~ " .
Th~ eo'><q>1ioo, of Ch,i,\ a, 'li f~' i, DOl b"ginDing~"" 0" accou n, of
th e bet tI,.,
erea,u",l)" ~Ic i. uot bcgi""illglc".
". li .,
,~ lloot
,~ 2, XX\' nt .
~Jh-
... ~
2. X'Ut,
" ~ 2, XtX_
'"." -~ 2. X~"' .

T hen,fon:, Qlle ,-'I f> .peak of 'c ... "",rel,. life' (H11r i f> ,he <"", <x,
of 'he "",ual <rea,iOT' . It i. onJy 'hen ' hm 'he l1O,jo " of -",hen'
I](>g~, b .r "'ith ,ha, "f 'di"enlHG"io,,' ,,,,tU
10 ",,,ke "'''S<:. Th~
"" c ul"O!d " 'hen n .. ~ ,,,n', ,am" ;n,o ~.,i"cnc". 'llcf<"c' d", a<;,u,,1 rre
a,ion, ' he lIo,ion of 'lifo' appl"" 'a 'h~ di,;no I,f" oOl lr. ~ or ', he
Fmhe r ~ life a ncl 1",lIg life, he le" fon h life' ami God, .' I~c,
b'a l,li..h1 a rebti on to r,<1ioual ere""" .... '" he ",;Uetl to henefit
,h,.", ,'" ""d "" . hi: brough' 110"", imo ex"",."ee',' "
A, 'hi' I"';'" i, i. imp<lf'''''' to eo",~lcr a dO<'";I''' of <rea' ;o",
,,-hieh I..."n" '0 " and do .... to ,I,", of OngclI . T hi, i, ,h. <k>e,nne
o{"ak ,"iUL". ' GH<"tic "hol1l Origcn ' " acb b)" n'llle mall)" ,imcs.'"
T he doc,ri"e of ,,,.., ,,,ion of \"ajcmi,,", .. ,10'" ,,"aiL,ble '" lh.
'/iIUIfli.' '/'ri/JmhiuJ from 1\"8 Hrun mndi. G"d', t>tiug i.. "o""',;'-e,1 ,...
d'~ ... lol'iog 0'" of. pri",.1 my",e,;ou, uni,y in,,, ~ .." i., of 1'<>""'"
or 'ac,,,,,', c<>lk..-_,i\'Cly ".lIed -th" '~~f'O'Il([' or 'f"llnc,,'_ 11," .. ~n
ing 1\<)'''' ;" a P" ""''' 10)" wl,ich the m)..,<rio"" Godlteu,l am"cd at
a robCtption of him"'U; ,,hieh 10,... to be in "1(".
degree ;""01Opl<le.
Tit .. proress i, It",,, ""pe.,ed ~"d prod """..... ,i., of P"""'''', "h;cb
are ,\01 " '~'" '''I'''''IS of f" OCbon, of ,h<: f:odb,.ad, bu' are. ,.",10"'<'<1
,,'i,l, I"',,"-,'~,lit ic. ~"d " 'ill of ,h<:i, 0"'" 11", a, th.,", mowd """)'
frum 'h< original "ni,y "",I aC<luirc<1 a db,inct in,ti,;,lual fom .. the
,Ii,'inc perfection w .. progre;>in:ly limi'ed or dil uted '0 lb. poi111 '"
" h;elo aewai error or , i eO<.lld aris.-: "U lbi; ;0 wo'" .,"mal p"'-
tcmp<,r~ 1 ,ta ,e I",f"", ,hi, lo ...cr world .... a. ",;"a k. ul ) crca'1.
,\ ccunl;"1r to \,~I,,,,i u ,, . God ha, ,,11 ,h,- ~"';h,, ... , tI"'t makr fQ<
I"'rfectiOll . God ', ""'i h,"~,, ]"'''-'' '<C. can o,d)" mi.mr ' h ~ d;'; Il~ hf.
if thq ,I"""",h-., "<qui", life "nd C()",ciQ" 'n"". lIu, ,hcD they fall
",to "rror bj-' fOcg>:1bnlr Ih ..if """ lh"i,,,,io'" ""d the;,. need of each
ot her tQ rcprc,",n, ,It .. "hole di,';"e fi,iJ'kOS> .
T h" "'ag Ih mmadi 'l'rocltlioi '/TipatlUl<, p",,;,ko a '"lllt ... hl. a lld
>ugg< ..t;"-c n"';o" or Val,," ;n,,' doctrine, wlt;';h nu,," O> ll hi: cO""
,,, ..,cd ...i'lt tha' of Ori KCIL
Firsl, On""" " I]",,~ for nO ,I<>'"lo]>",eol in 'he ,Ii';n" bi:iog-. 'n,err
is "" pro..-"", 'hf'<>Ugh "hirh G,~I ch""!!,,, in hi, "'1)' I,o.i,,<;, '" an)'
,p fi)fM. 11.
,~ IIil
r..., 11, ~7, -J-, 2, );1\"; ....}, 10, 17; ....1.." 2fj;,frIM<, 78; lr..t.; 2.7,
_If..,
,~
12, 12, 12, 23:fi~ 1/; ..0", II;~, 21, 'I; .......". 20', 3., 39.

c,w', to" ,wo
way. Th", th e crca,1 ",ah,y "If"".. him '!I !lO way. Origm ,;IH'<"~'
oPf>O"C,1 ,he <"'~n.tio " theoTY, OD the gI\)UII<k ' hm ,bert "" " be no
con'u1u i,y belween ,he pene", (";",1 .0<1 faJlibk s;,<I",, 1 c,...al"...,.. [f!be
Ac.... '" ~ .... in anr ,,'n",' di"in" ~nd I",n ,,( Goo', O"'Il t"j,,!(, it i,
b[a,[th"mo,,, h.> "'1'...... "1 an)' of ,h..,,, a, in\"O[,..,d in HTOT and ';ll ,
0" 'he other baud. O,igoll aTj,~,ed , h., ,be cre,tt,1 world i, nOt
ni[ ill iudr The ()rigin; of e,il "'" 10 be &","d Mher iD 'he gift
of Crt~"""'# free "'in. nnd 'he oni.""" of i,. N'c,"Cnhd" .. tree ",il[
;. " condi,;"", of mor~1 Iir~ ",><I onor~l PlUg""""; ill 'I.... long 1''''''''''
of hi"Q'''' 'ho mi",,"". arising f.om man', '''''''''turi,),alld "oak""..
of ",in can be corrected , ' " ,h., hu"'''ni,), ;. fi, to ,h"", ill th<
" 'o"de,", of 'he ..ge 10 rome. ~\lttb""nort. 'he di,ine "'" of erea,;o"
"'''' n01 on[)" de~bera,,, . b<" abo It;"" aJl'[ ]",,,,,'o]eut. [" 00 crue i,
,hi; act "'g~nk-d a, ~ 'mi,,,,k. ' of (";od aceo,dOlg '0 \, ~ I"nti,"" a
ma1cwlc," a nd impe.f<ct G(~I , Orig<n rcpeal<dlr arg\J<S .gain.'1
Va1e"ti,,",. I"',ilide, " "d .\ la rt:~"" ' hat thelT " "" warmnt in !b<
lIible fo. pD>,u,",ing aoo,her G",I be)'ond 'he e re."or. H,d ,here
1><...,0 ,,,)' ,imil.,ri') I"""~",,, O ng.,o, d,,,,,ri,,, ,,,d ,h~' ofV:.j, tl u"",.
,b e ''It''ck; b) lIt<" to''''''< ,'g~,,,, 0", lal"" " 'o"k! ,,0\ b< '" '-;go<-
,,"'. Ori!!,," attack, ,,'I>at h,' c~lL< ,h~ 'misg"id<d wisdom "f 'h<
folk".-,.,.. of V"leo,i",,,"" no' 0111)' 0" ~e,,<ral gm"",!", b" , :llio "' hell
he anic"J",,,. h" ""'11 ,~. of oromiou in h" ' pltboHo and 'ho\Jglu.
fu l ""'tmer. It is l l'~h ' 0 b< ... 'W,,",!
ID" Ihi, theory;' sh",rI)' "'~)Q
,il" (Q ,h,,' of Ori!!,,"'" I i><,ioted 0'" ,h " contra,l . ""e<: ",n\Ctim""
Ori!("ll ,,~, ,'i"(im","" just be,:",,,' "f li ogui"ic '; mil",i ,i" " 'i,h
" .... am. of th''''gh' "'~ o)(ly alirn to him. b"t ab" fiorct'l), a""c\l~d
by bllmdf, ,uch ... th " of V.le1l1i",,," A maner of fa"t. I I""...
in ,,,;,,d ~ ,,,,,i'uoo) of CI~Ot,,, \ of '\I~~ , ,,,dria. ,,1>0,,1 ', he follow.".,
,,{ \'aJc" ,jn\(,' wh" '~lIuw for 'he O nl)- II.'g"ucn '0 l>< call,od 11><
an:M "r I><p;inllilli '",pxfr.- ~Ev yap ("" Mo.oyrvii ~"""I.''' ,,'hich
l~.. '0 I., """ .. :0 ""COt'"t
dll lLi,,;')' Origell ', .hcer ,liferTcIlC< from 'he Gllo>,iCl(." ,hi. wiU be
(-",,,a,,,,,1 present ly,
Thi, (rc.,""" 'oming in", ~-"i'lC"(e m~rk, (b" ,,<tu:,1 c",,,,ion of
th e "'0<1,1 alld i, direc.,ly rdAted to a noti"n of 'di,'cr,if>c-"ti un', which
"<1n, fn~H the fallou t of 'he ,1;";l1e lif< . Tili, conc<p' of F"U i.
" 'b", 1 ,j,"U cx~ mi"c nex'.
' . c.;" VI, 3.1.

'" Ck"""", or "",,,,,,,,-,i. }~ " . , _ , 1.6.1.

CIIAPTF.k THM lili
THE F,\]l. A1,1) C R~~\T IO " OF THE WOR LD
I" om", lO c'IJO uml dw ",o" rep' of , 10,' r ,dl. '"e .110,,1,1 "'kc uuo
ac<u"'" ,10" ro.lily <alkrl the O1"t" b<fQr" ,",c.,ion I'" 'pO yrvi-o'a>; . L
Thero ;" 0,,1,. oue "c",,1 m<"Hi.ug wtuch the tenH ' liF call h~,"C
whe rl aw1ic<1 '011 ... , ",,,lit)": ,h i, i, 'h e di';Hc lif< . r oe ill ,ha' ,L~'e
(h"rt i, no act ual world: . uh""q uendy. ,hert ;" <I" corpoo-("ali,)" a nd
rinw. ,,'10;"10 ~". ;,ne""","" "' i~) rh .. acl",,1 "xi,wI('" of ,I", " ',,rid '
What thc",f..,re 'he, i, (h" TriHi t~" "H"" 'lif., "itho", I~"')" C"H
be l,m",1 in ' he TriHi.), alone'.' I b~,." ptointerl OLII. IICl"Cr1hcb .
(h~' O rige" hold, " nOliol( nboL" ,/" wi.do", of G",I a. a ' m ulti
embroider,,,I ' Onc I.~u""i"""". '" iu Epic S. 10 '. ' Il,i, i"'plie' "
"01;0., of '",ullilU'io-. '11,;" ", ulliw,lo- . bo "',~",,. ,\oe. OOt :diu,I,' lO
aH) di,tinc(ioH' ,[,,' i, i, i"'l"""iI)k '0 <p<~ k of. 1"'" of "h., i.
inco rpoT'C~1 or to rn~.c aDY dj";,;o,, iH ;," S,ill ",i"lom i. a -l i';"g
incol'jJOrtal hn""t"i, of ,'a,io\l ' object; of comc r"pbtioo.' "hi<b
....e 1,,1<1 10 'CO"''';'' Ill" ...,,",,'" of ~""'1" loj"g.'
I" , .....1-""" ,1,,.,,, ;, "
1,.lling ro",,~",, ( On 'he 1'1",.", of 1'.,,,1 '''"".
.
lik" """f"""".-I , " .. re in QU< n. ",n ' child",u rJf "' r~th': '
W< do u'-"' k,no,.. ",L. t "'0>< ~'I", ;,,,Nd,,,"< ,'''' ''''''''l .1>,,,,, '1~~tual
'''''''''"' i,tin~ ;" "'< l"'giJ,nu'g ,'""old ,,,,,,,-er 10 ,be 1",)iogJ 'Wc.
~ k " "'1";'O'~ ' r" ,hi, too "V." reply_ Hu" . ", ",""",H 01 0"" 'hody 01
~wni]j.tio,,. we tlou .... "" ~a'" become 'cb",i.n::n of ~"'th il, OR'
"",,,,,,'. ~ I "'n '-"" muod ' ~", I <il.,:. ooc ),0",10 I""", uKtiD1 (o"",,rd
"'il lh;,'g>~ . 1; Sf .. 'l\or'&"""" '/""ft ~ "'" "'" oi Ml,,,,,. ""~
, .-J<h.. 20, ,I.

, ftJ<Io" XIII . ~.,
, N.. 1Ut,
, /IW, 'V.H_
, .-J<h.. L, XXXIV.
/1"',
!-:ph. ~. 3_
['I,ll. 3, 2J.
G.". 8. ZI.

ClIAJ', u. nil''''.
oIOO~"" 0, " "",I f,x,i,o .. 0; <It; '''''''~'''''''; ~PXiJ8<>"""''' '~I'"

~ y(.p b.,.."., ""'" 9.0(; """" iI,,,, )jyt",""6.; 'oI,Y,ii;' .;...91,/(10.",. .. .
~"'i; 3f olbptfJa &6 III '"..,,, tiI; '~'''''''''4>.;' 'ft1'O""~, 'II,,'~ .,.;.,,,
Ovri\,' "'. 'iv,,,,,,,,.
~,,-.. iI 3",,,,,,, vd '" '~'~r-i i . ,.t01",,'I,"
T he umion implieo",al "" """ from I'h i!. 3.21 ""cl 10 G",r. "T.,h beca 'l>" Q[mau'.
di,.~><dicllce, a. implied ill thc '1uo'-o<1 I'a''''ge fro", Geu",i, . ' Il,i ,
i> c.nai"ly 1001 aocidt"lal IIoth lh""" umio!l> poi"" to a ""r1ain
""'1<"'><, '0 ),j, roneeptio>' of th. rau, wh;"h is "'p<rl<-d .. lh. 'ea " ",'
for .hi, ""orl,I, as it """w, 10 eo"",, i"IO cxi" ,uN".
O,;!!"n" C~)IlC"P'~'" of ,he F.II i, the mo>! d~lic .. ~ tctl ct of hi,
<n' ;r< thc.)log.,.. [ e<Itain!)' refer '0
hi. ,,rittcu ,hougb!; for although
he bel.1 a <crt,'lin oOIl<qll ion of the ~'.JL he ,Id il>tmtd.,. "",h<we.1
to poo" d il ~~l'ljc;tI) j" ,,'rilil'g, I ,10:,11 ''');'''' ~.al mo"y of.to.:
miscl,>"'prchcn,il)n, ,ucn>utlcling hi, thollg l" are d"e to fail"", ' 0
gra'l' thi, p,,"io"I" face, of h is 'hOlJ~I",
N" 'y>t<'lnatic e'I",,",ion of ,he ool\c<1"i"" of Ih~ Fall can l>t
fotUld ill th< ""'rl<> in Grk. Orderl)" ""aly"" of ,h e ,,,,ri,,,,, mca" _
ings of ripX'1 .'" J"~"",, ..,<I; e,"g<:sI'O Oil 'he nUlion of U'MW :'..., <~I""'I,
'00: h,,, ,he ronc"I>l;')Il ofth. ".11 ,,-as nC,,'cr c'l'lic",c<l . [ .h~1I ~')iU'
,h a, ,hi. i, not ""il"~n,ion"l a, all .
Mal\)' ,h i"go h.n l>n .., id aloolJ' OriS""" ",y.,i.;i"n:" ye' ,h,,..,
aual]",,,, are ac,,,all)" .Ir.",,, from wh., h< cXI'rC'",.1 hilll", lf. Orige"
" ',,, b"" nted hy 'h e fear tha, be rI' ighl enu ncia,e m)~tk,,1 pt"rtq)
,ion, ... hieh hc "'''' 1\0' allo",..ct '0_ Hc "'" ~I".. y, I"."ring in mi",1
,h a, 'he", aT" ce nai n ", ),,,io.1 ' n llll . , ... hieh God 8"""nled ""mc 1>>-
plc-, yet h< fon".. lc tho><: 1><01'1< to "ttn ,h <", tnl1h. ruon.L He "'
aI,,'ay. ,l1i".ing of ...1"" I'alll "')~ i ll 2 Cor. I~, 4 .looo."
'i" dr.hl<
wo,..I>, ,h", mab i, prl)hibi,e.j from ""eri"s'.
..\J; ~ I'",,,, h"r, h. al"' .)~ f..l, hin.",,1f Oil Ihe !lo"" of a dilemma'
Oil ,h" Oil. ha",[, h< fell 111." il ".,,, IIot hi, ,;gh' ,0 d'l'';'''' 1.. ""Le
from the ",i"\(~,Ul which God gm," 1 him. UII ,h< o, h, bi. fear
w'" 11"" he might e~pli~al" mor< 'hnu wba, h" ""'" allo"d 10 do.
nu. oguny is ""1',,,, <1 ill hi. I)W}. Imending '0 'I"'~l abou. ,it<
. -""'.foI.
" Cf_ IL
p. ,H
C~.",I, o.y.. " .. , . ri- -I' "!I''''''''' p...u, 1961, ol>o K_P. , .. ~_,
'I. ot.. ID'rodoction,

,""ul la topic directly r<ialcd '0 the COIIC"!'t (if hil i he mak .. a IOllg
imn:xillctiOl'. el1\~ ham:illg that 'the ide",.re de llC~te' and, therdorc,
they de,~ a",II "I<I'e" ", loo arc "bl~ to al~'''' ],~nd ,he M~I><1" trul ], ,;"
w.. '" c )"""1; "",,),,,d" In)"'~.u doctrine' It~; J.btw ~)~ ~""",,,.).Ll
Iler< " 100\>- 10" f.d, on "'li ng a &". "-0,,10 31>0\lt thi, nly>lical tn "h :
I f....1 "S""y " 10<0 i",<nd,ing to "I",.ok; I ]\-d "SQ"l' ,,'h<" u,"",ling uOl
'0 ' l",.k ~l""''''' ,t.i,. ~l""''''' ,~l ~h ""ri. I ~'a,,, 10 "I""" f", ,~,
",loe oA: ,oo.e ,, 110 , re ",.onb)-'. k'l I he " 'cn>l of 'I<p,i"ulg of the
,,,,,,I """" .t.Ie '" UI"h-."""t ,t. 1IM::.:r"... of 'h" uu"onh) I """',.
""''' 'P"ab"~ r.". 'Ir<- ft ' ,."" 1 10.,-. W,-m, IN I """,Id bt- ffi"g;ng
IuJ)" 'lUog< '0 dog> ""d =ung I",.rb hdo", '" u><. It ..... ' be ..-orl-
of ) '-"0. "nl) '0 kn.",,' I_ '0 ,fu''''""is.h 'o .... ng lti, h<."" 1><,,,,,,'"
th"", ~' i tl lOl " '00 Lb",,' ,,;!hiD. '" th. , I... "poke 'u tbooc ~ilhuu, UI
p-'r.lb .... I"" ""1'1",,,,,1 ,he p. t".dole< '0 ,loo.. ' ",loo """,,,,1 iolO hi.
hou ... " '[0 ,..,,,;i,,
~ illlo. .,,,1 10 .n'CT inlO tll<" loo.... h .,,~. "')-'-
tical ",<,."jog I ~"""'u. ;-""'v,.
'Why .100,, 1,1 I judg< ,boo<- ' bot ' f'
"ith",,'!"" h<T) ';1\"", i, ~ i thoo'. Th~' i. "hl' 11,,,,,, ";th,,,,, ~'"
. ,~! .......
,t in p , "'~Io" ;" c"'" ,I",)' ,houId be able ,0 10-.." ,he thihg<
"ithou, .. ~I 0" "" th. ,hi'rg> ,,"hi,,_ To "",,, ,he ),""'" h" "')'~"
[,.J " .... "i"8 ~"""""" ton',; '" ~ho ,,".N
J<"',,' I"",,,. i. h;, ,=
ru.cipIc. 11 < ,u'mb)' hvlttiog the d...c,ri,,< of tll< Church. b)-' li,,,,S
life ~"""hti,,~ ,,, ,I>< " 'ad-ti'l<: of th, C1t",d, . '\\; Lb",' a"d ", ,,11,,,,,'
h"" . ~n,,,.. 1 "'n",_"
lit',. i, t.h~n th < " '4"" " ror heing an"""",

If 1 ,h.!J.v hefo", the '"""''''-'', """,-.I ,,ha Ioe Holy Spin' 10.. rrr... .d<d
. od ClI tru>,<d to me, I ",U i, fut a pri<e 1<1,,1 do 00< " . 01, " ill"""
I"'P""I\1. ,,'1.. , "Is., am I do;" g " .<"'1~ ",Ui,'II ,10,''''' ,I.. , is. "". HoI)
Spint> Wl>eo I ",ll 'h< Spin,. 1 .. 0 ""''' 0." "f GOIb "" "pIe_"
Thu., he "'!:"f'<J., "". "Otlc"l" of ~. II "'. mlstic.1 !nuh, ,,hich ,hould

I>< 1\01 . nuncia,.,! oc couclled at a U_ f",
to iTltI"u-~ rlo~pl.,. in a tld
'peal ahout 'th e ",,.e3u01' of the I.Hcif<r. i. be)'ond Our ,bili,.,.. for
Ihe doc,,';~~ aloou, ,his 'I""'I(;OU " g",al and ,jifli<:uh to "><-"Cul.,,,
I ~M'" TP b .. pi IOmo," U-yo.; w i 5w6'''p~,o.;l. '' Th;, doctrin" is
, Oiot, 1;,. '. 16. 1'. 313.

" 11n<
.. er ~,otk '. 11; .\Un_ 13. 3<; Wnibdy. c.t.. Ill , n
" I Co<. 5. 12.
~ Oiot, I<Gf . '-. 16. pp. J'3 t .
, 11 . ... 1<" '" I,ill- 19. 4 ~ '11, ~~n' ill", tI... "'"f'l<" , 00 .. . h.. , ." au' d _
~ho '''re ,..ft;og ..... "": iwt/"", :1(1, 5.
~ """. 109.

ClIAJ', u. nil''''.
!lOO", 'he 'my"""Y of "=,i on:" and. ,.. ,"cb. i, <.'W)O( be '''''ily
gf:I'P1. '""cn ~ (h"", ,,110 a", u,,,j,1<:d ;0 phil""'1)hy. 10''''''' iJ)'
me.n, of di,;"e in'pi",'i",,'" Th" "",",,1 cr""';"" i"elf "'~, "",<I<
accordi"g ' n '. . .ere, n;."",'." ~ tld (h", ', he ",,,,, ti ne of (he ere
a,;oo of 'h< ,,"orld' i. "'y"ic~l; ,h;, j, on< of 'he m)",(cric. biddell
in 11" ;.:tilurc ,;. ~. ~i """~Oll'('" '''' ii.Ua ~"""i~.",'" and ' 0
rrfi'ai" f""" ~~p]jcati"g '''pl;''al ,I""";",,, ;, au a";lu,i,' tigoro" ,I),
ad''QC',cd:
11>< 00ct"' .... al""" ,1"'11< q''''''io". an:: gr<~' ...1 ",)~'icoJ. T~ ,hi,
teaching ,]'" "riog i, i, s<,,,d 10 hid< ,be DO)" "',}' of ,he lio'S'" i.
t.cti,tiog. Po< ~" do HO! ".m ,1'0 k4Chj"8.ooo, !IOw. "Ulch ,10 n'"
"",",11 l>O<.iy acOOf(U"1 '0 (!o<,ri". "f ,,,,,n,,,,iKta';on to "" """
ldon: j ll'" "ny .. >d.Oc:"cc. ' lOT ,)"" """. lhinl!Jl .1I",oId be s""''' to ,lie
tt.,
<iog-,. ,.... , I"arb be c,",' WO!'< ",;""," ....... ,h. , "oul<l be ioo pi .
"'''. '" i, ('Q["titul< b,,',,) ai of ,11< 'f<' 1ny.1<ne> of ~IC " 'i",loo,
of God '~"" a<p,ftov "",. ~aowil ......1),; ..... Sc<>io _ia; ~ 1.
of "JUcb i, i, "" U ..-rill" n: 'W;~l<tm ,,-ill "'" <""',.
i""o a ,.,ul tiel,
pr"..,;.,,, "'il u<ith<T ""ijl it d,,'.U j" bod y ;' ,,'ol'-,.d in , i,,' 
",,,,,;,,.,"0' ~ .,;,< ,i""l,d,a,... , .,.,.i"
000< <.u""Ita" is ~all
"""'I".... a"a p.;".; ," h i. ~"" ,,,,ough [0 gi," "" ... 00."" of ,,,,, ,\oc.
.,.;,.', ~Iud, ... ~ .. ~ I ;" ml~lica l ~"). u"',;." lh< g";~ ' of . '101),
by ju" following ,he c _ of ,ha,
It"')'. in 01<, du, tt_
who h'' ''o
,he obiIjtl' mal' ,,'On; 0'" 'he D",.,oiIl~ of 11", I""""'S'" for '~'JI\"'~-<>."
If ",m"OOIC b "UI'f'Ort,,<i by 1h<: . pirit of "",I"m' he sh ould be cau_

li oll' no, to ',h"ught b"l' enuu(i,," the ,il,;,," In),""n " of the Holy
Se,;P' ,, "'. "
'Il,;, i, .h" b.dgmund ag.i n" which t hi, [~",rine of crm,ivfI
,lk)"ld h< cou;i[krcd , h is plail1 ,Im( bad )", hdd ""y ",,' of l'[atol1ic
" _ ..." ... I~. 23.

" 0:;.;" IV, 6"
" ft,IIO#. '66.
H "" ,'m 3: lIGP, U. 12 1; I'G. IU~:
~ Tobi, 12, 7.
"""'oM. 23, 20.
.. M.~ , 7. b_
~ m. I, \, 0riW:" m.. le, r... "".I
""'l...Jif>ro '"'" .,1' ohe .!;p :i~. Th<", ..."
no '''P''''I)l'I'' for ...... '1'''' ,~""'" of,... "I' g' " be u,"" ~ lJ>o> ..... '" "'"
"'" u...o 0,- ohe t:....._'" Orth.>do., Chw-d.or. n-", .""., bolr!! "" tI", Dum'
I.><ring ,,rt'" l'>ah",_
a Cd., V. :/9,
" ftr.. Ill ,~; "'" ~,... _tion i. _ ..." ... 1'1. 12...'bi<h "",,11 .nou~ b
;, '"" . . WO! in .... Lalin ..... .,ring. """'" """'.
i, t.cw .. in ,h. ,-,,,;" tc......!o-
n.,., at th., p<:>inc

cOllception. he oollld ha\"< no diiJicLJIt )" in ""l)O,",,~ng thi. Qui'e
oigni/ica",l.,. 'hough he pc"'",'en,I)' k.,.. refmiuing from explic~'illl!
lcis doctrin~. It CQuld be <:<fl",,,I)" "1",,,..1 '0 a ..u m~ lhal Orige" held
a 1'bl(J,,~. concqnK.on ~!\d pt h,' "",I"cd e,,,,, ....;a'ing " 'ha, " ',,,
a,."ilabl< 10 'h~ b,' Inan of hi> ,lar. In"cad. I", ron>1an, ly .tJOlai""d
,hat he ,Ioe. nO' whi< '0 explic""e th . ,I"",rioe nbo,,, 'he ",,,I. "hicb
" '<upticar" "lid 'ICe",,'." h, the "'''<c loci". he ,"ne" ,i< "
""I) !i ... J.oopIe:.re able '0 ronop"I",,.1 11 ..... ,,-I,,, <""po",\od ,I.,. ,Ioc
,,;"" , 1>0<>1 ih _ ""'" <mO/oo '" ."" ,....I~"" .nd ,be
n",,,,,jo~ of crc."ioo "'\ ,~ ;" .,.,..;"" of ....."CT)tbin~ th., ex;"" Ok><'
'''"''I''"'
'ys<e",.tic>l/y; tb"", d"e"","" oUgh' ,,,b,,,,., .. "'le ,q~~l iiY ""~
ro ,",,,",a "'loo " 'ill ha, 00 , "m ,..... """ur" ... I) ""deN..,d 01",,,,
""'''''ft ...... "';.., _
" ~ 6<': 11 .. ;, ~ h)". ill ",b,;"" ,,, tru'><,
1<Ioc,';,""I. w, iml><",;1 ou""l,u ,(,,- to '1'<">.1 ~bou' a,1d .Iat"",,,. OH
"'cm i. I)=~ .. '''''''~ <'-'"~""W> ,;. bo"'~' "". ~'~ l . ~
E,'Cl) in ca,," onc p",.d,,,, " tnl< doctri"e l.0o.; iU.~9oi>J. tLi. ",uld
eau'" u"deoirabl. dlte!> '0 a "",d .,-bic i< i iok and ~ n'" need
'his kind of food'. ' [1-...",fo",_ 'I<} "~l'bcal" ,h., "'"e <iocl" " C' is ,b" ,
!!C"-'''' Ix", ""''''' ."i
,.u~ tmtV ~,vowiOO<\; '''''I.'' h ;. d,,,
geron, 1J(~ ,,,,I)' to en""c;"t< "nt no< ,~>ct,inn, hut aoo ('0 <n unc ia'e
"u~ 0""'. OOk'~ Ihey ,L'~Jkl no' be ."",,';,,'ed." ]'0' i, i. " .':~""ry
'00' '0 ,Ii,'u lge' 6~~o,""\",,_' doc,rine. "hieh art "'ptic.J "nd
,k.!'<r." [ ,.." , lhe "'""gdi,,. la, \I :,nb~". it, ,hi, rase kepi the,,, ,
""I,-c. "f:>r f,,,m 'he ,",Ill" of <~p(-"ing the on)~'eri<',"
To Urig,,, thi. ,,-~. an anitudc of piety_ ,\, h< <'I ~a i", io 01.<
."'-. pr"",;a " purt lricty ,,,,,.-.nl; th e crea,,,, ",,,I prai", '~e bca",
'iful tbingo th a, he 10,,, crea'~,1. ,,;,hou, dddj"ll' 1Le dj" i"e ,\,i"g.
,,'n, hy oan,;'tg the,o". "
" ..u-~ \, l'(l ".IR\.

" ..-11<11, 15. ,~ .
.. ~. 2(1, 11 . WI", Orig<D 00<'''' b) "mJ""'J'" ;,. - . . l ;" G%. ~, XIX .
lie f,:,., '" ">e<"" """"' ... ~ hlo h "" .. ~ ~ ,,, ,he "'npt.-mind.:<J .... 1
I U" , ... of tb_ ,""" ,.., <<Ow<I', TO,,.,, '")""''!-.' quooino I Cot, I~ . 51 ~ ~
.... om ">ud)' ".,-&.l '" oh< oWr<' ...1 ""' .... "')~ 00.:,,-; .... wrudo ..... tigM)
<""",..Ir-<! [""" u.. mukiturk" .
, ......JMoo. n XXI\'_
" "i'''''', 21. 1'G 1, 22 1,
~ ~ 2'1. ~ lUll .
~ .--11.... W.
~ &/" ,\ . <a

ClIAJ'1 u. nil''''.
' I ho COIIC<:11' Ihal hi. ,h""ghl mighl be mi""lck"t<JO<l h,,,'lIed

him lbrougilo,n hi' lil1;, "' ,\"d )"Cl. d"'I,i,o hi. "" " tiou. ne ami "" _
ice,l(~ on !\oclrine. Iha( "'e"" ~ahle '0 I",u'g m~\lnder>lood, tvSlory
,ho"-, (h~t he did ,,'" ~''I)i<l "h., I.,. ,,~, arF~i,1 "f, h,- ,~,,,(u.U~
wa. mi;ompl'dle"dro a"d "",ribed ,;"".. whi.;h "".'e ne,-er ,11,_
tnincd b) him ,
'l1u. i. tho 1"''''''...1 IJddgroull(1 "I,,,,u,,, wbich. in e,u, he cefe...
to !he co""cption of Fall; let .. U he ",y' "n ,b i, ."bj ee! i, lhi" ",\nd
the m:", ,,-ho is '"'><"'d from " '" l'",.idisc 1<>gelbcr "id) hi. "ire, __ ha,
a m<a nill g ",'hieh i, indlabk and m)..,ical"" In " i",,' of ,,-loat he
hd d ,bou, "'0'" tn nh. ,h.t an:: 'i"dlable ~lId t")~ti",,r it i. uot ""_
pruing !h~1 be deliberately ,,,.,,itled """i ng fOflh a '}~ .. m31k e~po
, itiOll or h;" ,Ion,i"" of !he ~'aU,
We rao, ,w"eru\eI"", liod ""me "'[""'OC" '0 ' hi' .u l~I"" ~I ",,"W
poi" " of hi, wo.k in C ",ok and th ,,, i,k,,'ify >omc ,it . 1 d<mc""
of ,I';" c,,"e"l't _ \\'0 ca" al", LI !IOO Ib .. [."i n I=dcriug of ltme-, 1,,"
iu ,hi. ca>< we oboukl uoe th;" work ,,-i,h Illud ll1o"" oaution lb,,,
" , " .11), In !h,' 1"U'Od" coon r h,,,,,, arg"c,1 Ih~, Ibi, "-,,r\< shOllld n01
bc ",,'d la';1 ",ually i,) u, onk. 10 i"'~'1""'1 O rig<n', , hougb,; r~~,er
il , )I<,uld he " " ,d "nl)' a, an ~ncill.r, ",lIre'<', In point of thc co'"
ceptioo of the FaU. I""', .ho"ld Il<' cl .. ",,",[ from ma ,, )' of 'he tni,_
i"'Ul'fet~tio", of RufiJlu' , ... "-ell '" froUl \-ic,,~ fabt:lr a..:ribed to
Ori!:,," by olh.rs ",~r ",,, hodkd iD 1(,><'lclo;, ,, ', c,Ii,)"", h i. mO'"
unfon u""tc ,h'l !ho'e f,....gmc"" h.." l~- c" dignitied "' ilh Iho " -01'11
,~'idc",:". At . ,, ) r~"', ,hi, "ol'k ,,-ill )'" ",k,-" i,, 1O ""COU'" " hen'
,ta"rn,,,'" I""",,,-<d in C,..<k eOIT()hOralr I~," ioll' I',e ... mxl OI~)'
in l.min ,
Co,,,i<i<ri"g Ori gen'. 1"''''.,,00'' of ('.od ,,,,d c",~rio" Ib,'"" ""
1\' 0 I'<'~liti<, "-hich ha"- Ik,-n disting<li,J' cd (hu. f~r:
E ", . ,h~ ",,,lil), of '",.oct, tho di"inc lif . ill wh ich ,her< is God ollly,
~ndl)', the dj" ill< ,calil)' ill "" hioh Cox! 'lkcoral.,r Ih, 'body'
of the '11I ulti-c",hroid<Tctl' ..-i,,[om: the I'rDl'id.."ti~1 cro,tion came
iOl0 bein g Olll of nOl holg!ld" Th i, m~fks ' he creation of incorpo.
",~I "a",,..,, Slk'al.:i"~ of t>-;,th<!i;d ", a hI)' in Ihi. "a"', i, .I~,uld to.
cb", Ihal il i, oll l)' lh~ I'O:I'SOII arCh";'l ,,-ho li,'"", a. \\'bdom, .".hen;a,
~ .o..v", 16, I ; CN,

e.<., IV, iO_
\' I~ :18,

'he c",a,,,d 'reaw", al1,i 'vbj""" <.>f CO"'CmP"',;oll' arc abo call",!
"
'",; .. torn" alld "n: ,.,-gat<l<:tl ." ,kro"njllg the "hody' of C b';" ,
,\ ,Ioird ",ab!)', sllb""'I""'" '" ~'" """0,,<1 0/",. ;, ~'" Fall "'"' of
'he 'body' of Ch,;", h i, onl) ,h,-,. th. [ 'he acl<~,1 c .... ~'ion corn ...
into -.i.leRC" ,>OH of no"<.i,,cn.;e: ;, b llt<1l ,1"" ,pace_time <0"'''
into e~i"c ,,~t .."d .... ,jonal <",atLln:', a, indi.-i<iu.;] pC"'OIlab,io" "or,
to exi"."
T lti, explicit expos;';on, OtlCe ""unci",",i in "'o,d" ""Ill'
para
doxical :dre~ . For loo" c~n ,h, ..."oocl "'~li [) I.., "id 10 t,.. an....
'he fi .... on" once lh<r~ "'" n() ,ime ye'> W. """. thcrt1ore, ,h'"
'he ,-:.p~cit iIlLl>'r.lh()" ""lui,,,,, tbe cOllq"')U~'" (0 ,\iscu" "-h,, O/>f><m,
., It ''''''ildox ...'' ....... """W;" W()>'th. For Ih.", i, no oo" bl , h., any
One can fig",,, a " .. lit)" 'btfor,,' (reat;"". ", il i<h CfU,,'O/ he "a(~ ,..
-I",foo'" .11 'b" ;:'''l<'. I"
ao)' c"'n" 11.... 1~''''...ooX of "~p",,"ioo, does
tin, e nd he""
']l,e second ",ati,y " ,h", in ,,-hieh inw'l~,rcal ,,",ure ...""' ma,k-.
Orig<n h"" a1r<a,ly ",,,,,,,,,I ,ha, ...10", in Gcn",", ;, ,m'cd '" h;",
0\8 be..,n m:od,' 'i" ,he im"~' of God h", oolhu.S 10 d" ,,'i, h 'ma"er':
.tht: fir" H'~l" ,,'ho " ... m~d., 'iH 'h"
im:,!:," of God' wa' 'iOlH'>O'"
fu,l and S1q><rior 10 an)" C0'1'<'",,,1 ".tu""'The 'lue" iQn .. ,hi,
f~)itl' "" "'''' ohio cro",ur.-i.,- lift> Th< " n,,,-er ,<> ,hi. "' unq " alif=l!y
n'ga,i,,,. For lift 1",,,";1\, "or,
IQ ,,' hll' i, rc l ~"d '0 <r1nt. ,ince 'he
,001;"" "f 0"",,,",.1), lif. is cJo.d)' :""""i,,,,,1 "id, we acTual c",alioo
of 'he "wld" Con,i<kring 'he P""line I","iutl. ' I ~.,,,,,, .11 'hi tlg<
..., from him . " ,1 'hrou~h him .nd ito him'." ""d .ppl);ng hi, ",oal
senltill)' 'H1 oh,' meaoing of 'h~ prq""';, io".. h~ ()~><"'" tha' 'fmln
hi",' ,uggc,," 'oomc'hiu~ orig;"~'i'c."
~ ~ 7. 1'G 17_HIO, er. ~

J, """" 2. "-U;; 0::.., PG 17_%0.
" r. ..,.., F'" an <~ ""' .. "' ofOri",,"', ,-;'"'' "" 'AA ~~, ... tIunb..
the" ... "00 " .. <b."
~ _""n
""~b: COO, "Ooloru, """-I, ""-""
U.. f.<ll,
otindo f.>JJ.n ""0
." It,,,. .. """'''''':<''''''''''
'.
Clod """ PIoti .... " 0= . .00
"'-. p . 13.
\,-oo...n ,~ .., ~ o-.:!iN.1 '"
,10. 1'Iorinion Mloo <I,,, ...
1
0"-""' lh .. " ~ ooly U.. ".,,0<>
~fIid, ch.,,&<. 0 " lht .... ,.;-",.bout the I>rioo
of God 10 \\"; ~Ioo" I I",~ ~ "",,,,,,,,,tM.
"'itI1 "'pro10 the ;..,..urn .._ I
'b<-Ibn- """ r..J1' . ,10.... ~"""', _ .. I "'Ir'" 1,.,..... (1)..
~ IM!-. 1lGt', , . 16, p_ 311
., """'IlMo, 2, XL\(.
" R"", 11, 36,
~ JoIw I. ! '; CWO .... oory .... f;p;.a, ..... - . , 3 . 1O_~,

nn''''.
" H", l':>uI .. n<~
ClIAJ', Ut
.he onl)' >pOI,l< who on,;nt,;n, ,li";n(t;"',, in ,10< ,,'"

of P"1>O>iriou IQ, oru!.. 1 jol", doo. t!o,,~, "dl. II'h",. for ."",,,pl<,
h< , .,'0 of ,he l.ogo. of COO tI"l "oH 'iou'S> ~.,.,. ",,,d.. through luon',
he ",Mic; ,/,., life ~ . .. 1101 mado< du'"!I< biD> bu, ;., him. t..... 10< '")-..
'Wh;" ,,'" m.d" is life '" 1';01',"
H~II"~ .... b,," O rig<n sp<ab of -fi"f ''''<"alio" h~ I~)in" to an '"c"

of God in hi> w;'<lo:.>m . SI'<aLing "f Iifi in th", ,,:a~t)".
it ;" ,he di,"i,..-
l~c ,h o, 'hould he ""dcr",;od Tboo,,, ;. a r<aIitr thc " ,,- hieh 'Pl'can
ohscu..." "n 'he 00< hand Wr< ;" Q roW ""lily. ~nd let, on ,he
"dw" rJ.m is c..u."ir lift- For. at tha, .<!~te. ;1 i.onl) ,h. SOl' of
God to ... h()ln ,he predica';on af Ii.fr p"Ttlli",. II'h" n_ ,herrfon:. OrigCII
"""ak< of "fi",,' cln.;.,,,. ".focI> wa; "illtorp()",a]', he do<:' no, n:fer
to am' 'ill co'l~,n:al worH wba,;on..:r. Foo- ou-"-",",' , peakins 'he," i.
M .mrld at ali. lbc ",aliI)" .. the 'body' of Ch"'l, whirh ... "" ,1",_
0"""'1, '''''~roiden.,f ~ Ihooe " ,,,,of,S (calkd 'I>'""iou, swnd' "Irich
><"re 'cFeared ' a",1 ";~re .. "''' hl' C"d .. '8""'1' . A, a "'PI)' lu ,h""",
,,bo "mhe a 11,'0";,, couccpliou to O~<"." he make. a ,;guili""",
d;"linc, io",-
l\hh"ugh God .. ill "orpo",al and what wa'l ",ad" i! incorporeal
100. Ihe"" i, a p,..,fo,,,,d <Lt)""'nee bc"'c"" 11",,,,, ' n.,.. 'm" ,i,,' ;'0<,,',
po",al i, <xplicidl' ,aid 10 I>< "01 w...,,;;,,,,,_
("",uo,"",;,,] ) ,,;,10
G,~l." Th, cliffc",,,,,, lie> proci.dr in ,Iml 'he 1""" ;uc"rl~,real
,,,"oure i. <WlJfJ. ,,' herea, God hiJ" ""lf io """ru/d.
Thio ron""pl;on j .
Ihen """,nti"Uy ,ljlf.n:m ['W1' .,,~ 1~.lO<ci, one. Fo< 1~~1O nowr
,,, ,,,1<, such a "",lie,, 1 ,hSlUKliou,"
~ Joo. 1. 1 .,-~. ITl.. l.lO.2. I'. 231.

~ 'n.;, ;, ~..,,, O . ..... "'"".. L One, ;" 1'1'. p . 25~. n_ " ~"'''' '" ,hmJ., ,h,u
Oris<,,', """",,,.... Ih>' God wo."'" ,~'" u,,;' ...... ""urt~ _otl), Il>< ;~
"' .. and Il>< ''''l'''''ol _, otigh' 1>< <t><Drr<d ~;lh what;, ,,"I'd;" !'Wo"~'
7<.. ,_ On., ......."'". 0.-.. ,,.,. tu,, tQ '"-"'l "'" IW'(! 'hM I""nt of I'l>o,', ..~ l ;"
"""" '" ." u... Ori!t<n', .Ihm,"",.., h",'< no<t-U"Il . ' .1., ~;'" ;"
- -.7""'. 13, XX\'. 1"" ""'" """"" ~ _ " ' " ' CN, VI. ~\. I,;, ,~"',
"'...mt;c th" ,,_~w.. ~"" ~-., proru l" "-' """,,""W o.-w" I ~' "-"""". ,\'W'~iu.,
I" ....... " XUIl; M;g,.,. PI. XIJI.,' _.uted. ~~ quite """" t;" ... 'he \b" .-"-,<-.,,
,,,.... th., 0", """ ...... of~"' .. "'" ,,,tot.,,,,, os God. N t.. hi",od( ..,., I.. "~1i'
pod to r"", """,If rromw. """""'" ,it 0rI.... 2, \6'
, . Cl: ]M .... I n_ .... GCS, " p. 2 ' 9;"'" C_ HIon.-, 0::0..-. .... ,.,. S J-,
Ill, p . ll~ . I t/linl th,,, d... """ " tho, ~,,,,,,io.! l>: ... "-'=' thu" 'All' ""l
rut,.. Q;";;'
"n
Op.l.:>,. (01 ....,.;;'" lJ-r>v<~ "''",e\; (.... 4t000<tiw ""TY"'I. '" ".," '" ,,!,w)
&"', ...... ,I 6t j6/.\I"" '" ......'''''''' ~ .."""",,"" ....."" ;.,..,..-..""
"""" (<ji .r,n-v;". 6.;';' ~""'" 00a) a..;"w..,\ ~(I;i ~~, .. ~ '~"'n '
... ,0(,; """ &-w oM< ",.,,,,,..e;;.,., &,,','""'" "'''''. 11,. ..."," .,..,.,...", ~')o"",u'>l, h,' is
'''''''"'1"< ,h'" ,hi, i, onl)" a f.~" ccho "f,he , i~". orOrig.; n (" 'h,,,,,
h~ '" "f'cn <k"<:ried f,)r Whd' he h.d I~L~" u) t", hi, c""CCf~ion vf
'he ,,"orld" Thi. ;" "'hy Ho",,..ki f t. i, Dcce.... ,.., '0 a l~><.1 '0
Augustine ,,ho ;aid; "10 0" d, Dei "mUrd. ""I a 1)00 >i, raw. d<
,cibilo ... qu"p",,~cr crralu",,,, un;,w.."," ""tue (()AA(},'VinMImt Iko.
"<xl"~ ''''"','"".''' r.., est ,lir,. a'" ,,..,dcn;" (;.;.",,~ "'" nol .. n;-
awl from G,~I h," by God . , . H~""" ,",'r ,h""ld no' ,a)" or beli","
!ha' un;"'r><' ;" ",,",uOOOl;',] or ",...""rn'>l ",;,1, Coo .'" \\1"" llt,,o,.,jci
.,."ib to Augu" iuc i, in r"",
OrigeD', conceptiou abo,,' ' he '"on_
c",,,,,h!lam;abl}" of (;00.1 ""d c... "tion. Ht" "I", '1>e"", "b"u, " di,.
tal",,' h<1"""'" God and 11.< ,",orld, )"" 1 . ,.... a spa,ial on< t~" rc""j ni '~
'0 "a" ". I"" n:i'q> WJ-...i """'1apl",.,Ii"g '0 J ohn of D.m""""."
Ilu, !hi, quo""io," i, n "o,,l_fo,._,,"o,.d porU"" fro", Orig<,,', "'"""John
I"'; ,&.up," ""pl,,),l hyJ"I", "f Ih",,,,,,,,,,.
Ifhn' ,..", 'm"de' ". incorporeal wa, ,lOt " worhl of 1;" io8 ;nd; _
,id".1 f"''''''''', "-, ,," h.,, .... n . O n till" oil.... ' ha!><l, ,hi, ;, no' so
.i mpl" '" '0 .ay ,h'" !hi. wa. "'" /il.w" namely. ,ha, i, " ... i.", ~
bu" dk of i,le .... 0' 'mu;' i11 Go"" mi",1. .. I'hilo ,uigL, ba,..: .aid.
If 'hos< m.dc incotpOfeai we..., ju.. ,h.,. , bcn the co""'mOll of
'he Fall could hardl), make >eo .... Tit;", l><"~.,,,,. allO, ber ",botaU1i,,1
MIC..."",. bo-,,,ttn lb e 'made' ;"ro'1'"r"al and lb. ,b,;,,,, <,""ne" ~'"
in 'he f"",
,ha, ,he created in"'''1'''''',,1 i, ,u""'1',ib1c "f a 'i",1 of
ch,,,gc' . ..\ , O'~'Cll ~'gu", all'Nling '0 the ,~>ti01' of Fall, 'h"" wLicL
are ron ., h!'''b,ial "re al'" '''''''ptihJe of ,he ' ''me 1''''1',,.,;.,.'.'' Ilu,
to< ' do<:S no< dabor~'" "n lhi, ...,m,.rk .n) f"" ber.
1 1",..,.,..,,1 I",,,", ., ~(,
oh. "" .... .....,. """""Mo.; t~4&..; ond ~ 3,a.f'\,"~'
~ O . fl"M..D. ~ ... ItJo I'm, 0",<1, ". I ~ P. r ". 'I t~U. l ~N
p, 5~ .
.. G. t_-..o. , L'I>" ",0."" II~.." fill, \011:
.. I), 0..... _ I..... L, 11_ XXXJ\-, p. l21. O . floro."fO ..-ru<, on ,n';'-" ~'"rl
"","" l() """~ tho, """,no,;",' of,<t._

_ _ """""'.. \ ' 1, I %~, :1(,-51, .... p". ;" ,'*'~ !lCW<..III"",?, W '5-13. ,n
,,,,,,,po;.-.. ~ OM """"""",,,,",, of ~" "
, ..... ~ \\'h" b. 0<, .... ). <101, hto>." .... ~,., '" ' .'poond ~"', th<tn). of '''''"''''
!.-;"I! rum",1f """"""' .... , of ,J" f"", a<triburing d .. m ,~ Ad,.." ....... ,J,,,k;,,!! ,t..,
,J) .'" .""'r...
..-u ~"h ~ha< .,. h.o<l m".","""""", '" ,ic~ , ,of Orig<'"
" G, f'1oro<.~. ( _ . , . . ~ t pO' \ pp, ~l and llO.
" ~JoM. 19, XX.
" --J-. 13, XX\'.

ClIAJ'1 u. nu''''.
'I hi, i. 3 ddical~ l)Oin' <Jf.h< ellli ", do<uin . Ou. cow,l .ak~ i1
th ., th."" incorporeal. ".. = mvw ytl . 01 lift '!I ilIm "''', b ll t ,bo:-
lif. of Christ. Th;" i, "'h,,t ",n, .0 be" 1_,,(lo~ ;, od " 'hieh Orige"
did .kll ,,'i,h to cloLor.tc Oll_ ,\ ftg",,' of Ihi' 1""""-1'tlo1> might bo-
tra,-"d ill I'a.d-, "'ying 'I \"'e; ).." IlO' [ hUI C h,;" Ii,'", iu me',"
which i, a "ate",c,,", to ",hieh OtigeD .ppeoh quile ofic " . Aumher
I.,,,ful figu,," of Oriseu', percg"iou a' thi. I~)iut i. the !lCnl"urai
il"L~"(e ",here I'aw 'f><'ako of I.. iug '0'"' " .. h' and of marriage a.
'~ gn:~. my.wry'. "It;"h poi"u (0 'Clui" and .he Chllrdt'."
It i, out "f 1hi, "",e 1ha l 1h. FaU occu,,_ T hi, i, a foil from W,"
III <he Eglll of thi., OtiKeu cnti ci,,,, J Icmcleoll ",ho ,.-ro'" thm th<
Logo>;'1 h;' I"li;,non'o crea,ioo;' not he 'from ,,' ~ om' or 'h) ",horn',
but oul)" ',h,-ough "'ho,o' tn:atioll ",l>
",ade." He ,a k.. , exccption
w <hi, "ie". hm ~ga'" h,' dor, nol eb l.,ralc tonl.... r. H< Ot~ "')'
th at Ik' him",lf le.. al"" tT<.,e,1 Ihe n,,'ion Qf'through ",h"m' , hU1
Hemd<OD, a, it ":on,, rum hi. "pini"u, ":en,, 11 0t to I~wc flOClI
iu"nJ~te(1 propcrl )' hy ' he di,i.n< wriling . "
[I",,, h,,,",,. bo,,'e"er, il is s",,,-d cJ,.:.".,' , hat cl ... " ,,rld i. ill a sta-
" " 'om' of (;od. r"r i , is i'a,J " '00, ill Itom. I I. 36. J~'n"')"td ' h<
hcgi1ln ing "f e'~r)',hing h)' tll< "'p"""il)n ."'" '!I"v,.' '~"~TO" \." ltl
~c "cntl, the !!Criplural I"''''.gt'' <IIPl'orting 11t< ,in.' Ihat 'he "mid
Came ".1 of Go<I. "'" 'he following; )-et for "' ,he~ i, Ou' God.
,h . F"Ih,.r. f",,,, ",110111 a", all Itci,'S' alld for "h"", ,,',. ,x;.,,;" 'Fo<
from him ami Ihl'<JlIgh him ~ "d tl) him ~'" all ,hi,,!l""'," ~ ()d ,he
"")'ing al>o~, Je,u, "ho h .. co"'e o~, of God' "
UtigCD is "<IT ""()I~)(" ill adumbrating" ho", Ih i, faU O<'C_LJ rrOO .
'Jloe "'''I' tow.rn. thi. dir""ti"D ;. to i",rod u"" 'h" idea Ih.~t a ''''0,,1,_
;"g' ' ''l'OpPUI)O <Q i, I'"""ihl,, from .he I""~ of "",,10'0." H~re i.
~ G.J. 2, :IQ.
~ IfoI . ~ . ~ l ~ .
~ \At. VU, V>.
"- ~ 2. XI\'
,. cm. VI. 0.
.. I C",.. 8. ~.
" Rom 11, 36_
~ .I,"'" 13. 3_ ,_ ~Jh- '1, Ill; :IQ, XIX .
M I ..., 'odu",""'~' i~ or 'I""'''' '-'I(. ~"'" """__ ,.,., ~ '"''''I-'
to "roe-" hH ,10<"..,.
.. C.... VI,
or"", F:IlI.
I, I... le....... .,., or c./,
.~ . p_:lt.<l, n. 11 H. Ch.ooh.id Ill<> tIW
a/lifn,""" .. .., .. ,,""" to "'''0, _ 2t<iR, C, h ~ 0.;,." J,j,,, .. lf ,boo"",

(he m<>'i( m)~lical
fX' in' of h ;" ,Ioc'rin . Th", i, whr h e cn,ka,'(>ul'>
"
to cX l"~" ,ha ~, ", . IlDCr .Wrol'ri . ,c 10 the tiUc, ,Il ., i>, nOl b)'
a " ordu,.; of b" ,,"'0, \~'I thruugh " ",rir~u"~ qUOOttion from Pul:i.:l:
BUll<, ". "",",' "'" ,,h.. <I", ;00:1 .. " "unb of _I"")" 'each u>. TI,.
~"" I of lh<- 1..",,\\ it "')~' 'ca"", uot" "'''. ",)illg, 500, of ,,,.... ",b,
"I' , "",,,,,,",000. fi,,. the pri."," ofT )Ye "d "'! unto hi"" Th .. , .ai, to
"'< [.om God 'n"", "m., 'is''''' of ~k",..,. . "d "CTO'O" of bo"",,,,.
in tI1c d<iigLb of ,I", I"'""ti"" of God . Thuu " ... " .d..... "'d "'i'"''''-''1)
tine '10'''' and g'"o, and "'''~ "..,II1<d "'ith ",,,il,,,"",I lupJL< ..nd <'10.,...
...1 " , ~ I <:.>.,I.,"d" ..,,1 "'wt"n- ",.1 -""4"". 1 ;" g<>I<l "'HI ,d"" . ami
"i,h ag.>te and .n,,,h),>, ..1d <hO)"&(II;".nd b<-ryl .,Id O"'P" "'ith gold
. 1", <h<bt ...... , 'ill 1hy "," ,"00 ,,,od O'l" .. ,...,.~"'''''' in thy ,,,id ...
F",Ol ,be d.) thoo ,,.,, e",., ..1 ",;th 11.. cb<rut.im. r 1'""-...1 )"" in
'h< holy ,no,"" of r""t Thou "'.,, ", ~U' n\~b' of 01", r", ..y "<>t"",
lh<", ,"'"" .... , 010; .. u, ,I,) ,L)'.< r,,,,,, 01", ,J.)" ,00., "'"" c",ated "",d
lh< tin, ~ ,10., ;" i' I";t;', w ..... r"""d ;n ,he< ; front 'lit ",.it;",,1< of ,by
oomnw,,,, ' boo dW:bt 'ill tlo)' .. .,.,.boll". ~ ;u, i'''"I";t)'. ,.,>0:1 tlow d~b1
w, .nd ~"" c~" ",-".ode.1 0'" of the nl",m' of God. A cbomb .!ru\',.
,h.. f<>nh r""" ,he on;.!" of ,he n..-y "",,'eo. 'n,y he,,.. "'.. 1;1t",! "V
. , 110;,,,, 1.'''0",'; 'hy "''''''k~ "'.. OOtTUI" .. d ~'ith ,hy I,...u,)'; f.".
,I .. ,,,"i,;t,,.) .. of 'hy ,;,,, I h..-.: cu lh: ,)0"" 10 d ..... n~ i" d...
P""'"'''' of ~illg>.""
Thi, P"""gt <>f E,cki.1 ;, lal<n to poi", ,<> 'an nil",,,,,, I~)"''''' "hitb
wo. formcrl)' hol)" " nd bI=",r and '!CU from lhi. "~'e of bleO;>cdllc"
"",I " .., c",,,
(10"'" i",o 'he ""nit, ,f'''", ,h~ 'une ,h.,
;';"Iui,), " 'as
f""",1 in him, ,,"'hile hi, f.Ii,'n COJldi,i"" w~. not due t" hi, na,"",:"
Th~ Fall i. a fall of '"It,', Iu 'h< for<~"iDg I'a,~,~~, i, i. R,,/illl"
m,her than Orig<n wOO f<<I, it u"",e.;a,..,- 'Cl f,U th e OXI',,,,,;on b)'
~,)'u.g '," .d\-er"" J"""e". For Odg<" lci""df ,,,,,hew ""l' ebbo-
m,;"n of thi> ",.d ,;,npl)" "1"'''''' of 'Oh" : b< lea",. thi, U\IIn<ricaJ
ju,( li\;c ,h:." ... -f~~ini"g from an) "I"ooun' a. 10 '''ho' or ''''h'''' thi.
'"ne' i. He j.", >f'<~It, of ' Q"O, ",'ho fdl frum ti,e bh.,:" fu nh'" he
~'OO '"''' co 1'1.<,., pOritl;', ;,.r,d <0 W ,a mo I";nt or n...m... w "ro,., '"
<kda", ,h .. )ri, ,.""""...., ,..- .I", f.oll I.......1Ung '" d" ~;,h W ('l..wno: ";.,,, in
1"'...., .od ""rue"',, ', .. """'" ., (h" ,..." or , _ ,
" f~.L W, 1119, _ . !~,\.
.. ITW. lA.l. It.,," I om ... mi .. lrd "".ill w .~~~v d tH"a",,,n' vi" .. u~...-.J
......... t,y l<ufio",- It, .....1.. <Lobe 'one'" fall '", _ loon...,' ;M<" ;,.... , nu ",,!-
AlLhoo.h the f",....",.."o.I roncq,oo,. ~ ",,,,,,"w" y 0,;"'"'" ""'re;' .-.:>11'; .... of
ru. caUl;"" .00 ""'brulou..... in tr<'au"!! .ru. c""w !"'"'" ..
it OJ"" in )ri,
..,;~ ;. ()""I. .
.. ~""', )2, X\'nJ

ClIAJ', U. nn''''.
>f",ax. <.>f '<.>,><', apl'l);ng th, adjecti"~ 'n,b' ".. i,h o\l' "a' ing an)'
rlQun again ; 'whilo 'her<: were ma n)' t\llm; '''PI'''''"''' I ,, ho ".~,.,.
",,,,I, (~Q)V. ;( "", O"~ "'ho fdr."
h i, sig\l;f'c.n' "'a' no nOnn i, "l'l'j;,xl t<.> 'he on,.' "'h" (C1l. '[ll;,
cl;"""ly , 1<1m from , he ne', whicb "",a;n. nni,y in "', prime,,,,1
reali,y of I'rH\-i<loll ...1 o=,i.,., ." It , \t(,uld 31", bc uoted th.~, 'h<
adjox,i,'c aPZilv,,,,,, 'mleni u Jm\~1 rr..m, ,I ... ",,,,I aPril." Wh==
Origen 'rrai<> of 'he Fall, he ret"'" 1<, i, .. a fall of 'on~'" ,ha, ha.
~'"" h,~I ' "'P'>I'P'J"t<>,..j ~t>d. ,h,n ,tO"". fdlli"oln Lh<: '1>1;",'." h . 11"'~
,h e. \ ,., c' "'" in (h" I'-,,,,,<li,,, Qf God , b", \.,c.mc sa';a" .J, ,.. ;t
wcre. ""d ".~, 10<" according 1<, , hc ",rip,,,,,,1 wri'or" "lto"";(\ my.
,i tall)', .,'0" ba,." come !O a drt:"If\d ""d and 'haU "" no mOrt for
",,,r"." 'm;, 'onc' ;, aI"" called ', he r....' '~~poi)t<>; '." I'or ,fter ,he
moulullg of d'e lu" I' 'P ~pO"'l' $1{POPP"~o"~,, ", h" .. ,", ou i'e,1 al'lO
1""\ Ih, """ "" 'POPI>'-'11O''''''''''' and followed , hi, on" dowIIfi",
1""'\ ""<oorol.o-u&r,,,m-,OlV 'oP 'PU"'I' I"." Tbi, 'onc' i. :ilia de ..:-rihed
" , 'e';)' (_ovn"",, '; ;, ;. quite chat..,,,ri .. ic ,h .. 'he tenn ,,~<JtSvru.;
al ,h., looim is 'h" P.", p.n;"jl'l" of 11,, ,-er!! '''''; ..... ,,'h;"h "",.n"
1"'>11 do"',, 0101 of a ]!l.",~'. Th;,;;, h",,' hod, " 000"" abou' F~ 1l ,1,"
I.. rail 0"1 "f 'he di';tlc I",ill& a. wcD a, ~ r. I1 d,,,,,,.," a", <k " o"xl .
Ccrta; nly " h<ll Ori~ n refcn ,<t 'he aiiem]", h of 'he F,lI la",1 no,
,h e ,",cufTencc ;"<If). he attr; !>u,,,, a nUII,I"" of " a me; to ,hi, 'OllC'
'doo feU 'I""'" H,' (all , it " 'dr:'!I"D'. o. a 'i'i;; 'c"-noo",,,'r' (a' i "
Job 3, 8': als". he "'''' o,h~r n.mc" mo.dy dr~"'" r",m all"g"riC'~1
~ I~, " ;, ~",J1ic>", to> ' '''' .... ag>;u tl,., On!>,,, ,.,,' u ... u. '",..' liLc ,.....
011" ....
~., 'rn.dt" he .00 .... ,h., ........ he ~ .. '" rn'.... r<.ui, ) . ..... I<il'. lW"
c[ ~ .....
In. XXXV.
~ ,\"""', .... mu,., 'of,,"_ ~'OO 1""'1 th< al'P!', ,Iw;, ',n. "",,-'; but .. h.."
n,.m m
eo,,, U.. ~;tdoo, ....Ir. ,ht '<"" ~r..- "".u. 'U_~"''''''' ""ht"
n>m<"Iy 'm ~;"lom'. from
Lu <Idinibon of tIrio 'OIW""
tru.""""
~
<h" """ "rn , ~p~;' "'" on)'
oimpIy indOco<n th<t. 'booron-' th< t:.Il. thU
1""""_
'onr' ~,..
.. th< ~;..Jom.
" ~ 711. :'\'-':11.
~ c.~.1'1. W,
M H. ,ue"", I:n:UeI. oIIuding to th< po""", U, E,. 28. '9, ~"'h ~~ ..
"c.u, \'1. H.
~ c.t.. \'I. if,
M cr. CN. n 43, obo \'1. I!. Q-O"" 'dingly Oo-is<n .,,"' th< mL ,.. ,~~.
q",,,_ ~-h.;;h ;, th< !'.~ p.ot'ric;pIe of the ,,<-d. ".u~~ onO "" .. ~ '10li0>.
'"",,1l'; .. ' h" ~') the notlot, 11 ... U'" ~O<I. ' ~ ""'~n ' ~;th "'IX'" 10 COO', tU,,,
.,,, , ...... ..,.;, dmo<td ' t""" >, obo, .-J..... 19. XXII .
. C.u. H 43. I ~-iII u;.,o" thU """'" ...... d", ~' O<id Iat<,-

,Ad
",\XX 'QO '",,~ ..

II ,IXX 'LIXX '>Mo.-, 't,
.~ "'!Of ..
. ~" '1 11.\ "'""" n 'J.\ ~ ..
7"'(1 ,~ "..,," "~'" I"'" 'r:> ,~ """,, "",., ""-L
"""",. ,,., ''''!'tlO<f'I' ~""""J ~''''''''J<'' .''''~O>O!' ~"". 00 ' ''''IL" """'""~,,~ ,no
,.ownu ,. n>"""l ~ ,..."." "'" " '""'''-':1 -,,,,,,1 .~, " l'1''''W I"''l'"'' ""I
" '"9"11 ''''I'
''''''',0[''''-' il'f"D'-"",u "' "'''-':1" ""I' '1""1' Hi " ,~"'I' '" 1""1'"
'" "'1"1'''''''
' ,6 'U
>Ill ."'~ -,{ "'T~ '-1/.,. " '"""'J.,," "..-o:'}P"-,
'"7'9' rndO' 't '] :"~" _11 'n-1 ''''"</ 'ITO'''; '_
"ti t -d
.~
n>J
n
"'l ~ .-""'. "'I' '" ~,~" ~ " .. ""!",,I "'I ' J" ""!'~"'''',,''' "'l 'L I-~ I ~ ''1'''':1 ..
.~ .'n '_I ',IX . ~ X) '.
'.1 'g .""~ ..
'0;; '" ."""....., "~no t 'Y'f' J:1 .
'. 1 ' L\ '.j '~I' '11,\X ' , ."",t - ~
''"1' H'" p" LI!(~1 ' ! '! 'J~''''_'''''l '..:le.....:l "''' ''' >IfI "I "''''''''' """"' JO
'~u ,s",,,,, "'1' 0 ) >ll'J:>'\l' O' 1"": "",.,,"! 'P!" _'I """ .... ~4' "",in >.J""'l
' '''I '>.""~;"'j I""",,*,JtIl' loo 0' J.!/-" IOU""", nOlle;'" l",,,,,,,,,o.,d
,e'i' ," ,)L' ' 14 ,u,,'w,~w " ,,jiuO .i"" "41 "I .. 1~1'''''''1>} 11 X.'/~
'?l """I'll . '2 Vl'Y'? ""?'Q~ !<n!2! ,,~ "". "1"\1 '!-~\ I"""""~ "! ..., ,,"',,
r
""m,, q 0, "".P' Ll"~'''':lJrl~~ ,'. "'I 0 :omw"" l""l"'!P"! '''I .>.>!"" I .; " " 01
.l1"!II'~' "ql " .,><lnd lOll p ~1 '1''':) JO .;;Sum, m. ~pum 'K.. 04"
U.1U "4' 1"11" "4." '1"\o'P "!1 ''''I' ,no p""!o<l,, 'I ,, 'U'IOrJ" 1~I ">ll
'4 ' '" ~'91.'0I<""9"! ... 'II'~U"'u. 'C 1'''"''
'! puu II'~ "'q' 1''>1'
0'
'4' ~"!""'J"" ".f..fWWW." "1'''''' ,n,od ""'-'''''''.'1'
~ <! "'"Li.
.... ".'IOf'. . l "~. "'I' .1"'''''1
' ]"J. p"r. OIl" .1'''1'''''''. "q." .,.n'I'" ~W"'. 0, .... ~p, "1 '.'''"''' ~'!'
JO II"J ~\!l """I" uOu"" ["''''''-''"P'''Y "41 1",,"1""''''" u.>liuO ~JlJO
,,~""''''><!I> 1'""I'!- '!I'''! "! "'-'n''''
," ,'4' 1"4""01 ' 1" " " '-'" ''''I .1,rodV "!' '.'1' "","'10 .;.," ,,, "''In,,!
'J>4lJ'U .J!u'4' "">4' <>lU<l J> '" '.1'" ,011 " " '''H "';,ljlJ"' '4' 0' ,\0.;
,.., I ''',.~''--' "4' "'J. '''''1'' 'f"'. '."0.; "! l"n"'J ;u~~ "'!''''~''' "''I-"''
;nu!, " I' '" "n ..
~ '! ' I u""l ~ '" 'u~1 '" -"'!-'U '! ""-" -'0 ,~< I.
"T'" ,..,"'" P!(J ;,''''1 ;o.:ou"-,,u ."" '" -><l" "'-" .... 'l" ,", I~J(," "4'
",,,.' u!> I~P "'''1'' illW.l 'S! JI"" "'" .tOJ J.~,!,''''' 1'1""4' ,.....( lK'!l<""b
.D4"Y V <!)'LlM' =: .... ",.Id AI".:..'t<>q "1' '" ILV JO <lOJ 1~"'U1d.
"'I', .>J"'{." "'''''rl ""'"I' "! pu,,"!! ""~ ""''' '! -""11-"1." JO ,,-""'Id ""1'''
"', p.>J'II" "?' "4'''1'' " ""000 JO ."'" ~~ "'" "~'.JO "n<""I[ 'I'!-'O"
(NU" "4' '" ""I """ 4"!~" III ''''1d 'HI' ... ,.ull!'"'P "4 101j' "l"'
..." " " J>lI'I ',,,,,,, .mo rJ3nw41 PIJO." n'l) I~ >lo, ,,~ '.'1' ,.;'" ' 11
P-'."'''1''''.1 " lY,'W

'.1l~'" '1'!I&' .'U~ '.,.\.,.,\0 '1 'U!~li\, It.>Jn"iJ-us ~(I) JU '''QI'~'>J(U''!
" ' ,~o.,, '. ,1.1 .0 SOlL"' :> u.w T'~.t cull.
"
nu''''.
" CHA'" Ut
th i, c",a'ur~ r,hat i . huma" IL""",, ,.... nol ju" a n 'idea' in Cod',

,,,ind, but it ,,'" hing. T he fall of ,\da", to ,Icath' .un i. i. argued
,ba1 ',,,"cri)' 'p<a~;ng, ,,0 0'"' CM he ,,>id to be ikM "tU"" he law!
hew",'." Ycl thi. ,,-,., ,toe di,;,,,, life, nO! ~ i'<NO,,,,1 cn''''urd)' li(,-
of the ir 0""11 .
Siucc A,l;", "IC~'" mall. by ,\,Ia",', f3U ou" ,houl<l lI u,ler"a",1
the (~><,riue ".bou, man """ hi, fon ll eT life ."d ,be ,icoccJl(ling
btl",ur.t of (~"""'(lieuce. ,\, all)' ',,'e, it wa> the ,b'iJ . ha, reil fi"".
on," he look h;", ... lf 'to I", .<IfS11me;'',,, and 001 ",,,'<ling 'he h..lp
of .I<s,,,_
'" Th,..
own,..,... ,,-"" ~ i ,h .. ,,, <10 , .. <Ie~ ..., of ,he 'hi! ... h:u I .... "" .. a
dUld of 0 ... d.~il, s .1d 10.. bc<"" fOl'mcd from "'-;W"g to do "'C ,\<,;"",
of d ,e ~""'" ,"'e. and is ill 11", u"~g< of (/w ,,-id,,1 f.ttwr ["'. the
d<\iJ]. rroon " -h",,, 'h" u"ag.' of 11 ... , e."hly m"" """OU' . . .i = , ;,-e
.h<;, ;' " I";"""
For ~h~ , U... , ,,"'" c~nh] r"" aO(1 ",in"" he reil ~".~y lrom ~'" 'UI""
nu, f<~l it )" ~ n<l ,bir-ed ~ life <Iifk,em f'om (he " '1><';'" life, h<
,]c!IC"...,d (0 Ix- ~ Ix-gin" ing noi.bM" of ,.,,, I<.b ing orca(O,] no, ,,,,,d.,,
but of """.,hi"8 mol,]",:] by (he I.ord, mad" '0 f><, mod e'] hy hi ,
nugi"' ... A< f.~r a, II"C ["=. huollami an: CO"",,TU"'!. our .ru " h
"aoc<. too. i; ill our being ac<"Unli"1!; 10 ~,~ i"' agt: of ~'C Cr""tor."
hut the ,u1>,"",n,< n;;,ulting frum guilt i, in th < (hi"g 11>,')<1<<1, ",hich
."." ,eern"":! fTOm th o dust of (he oarlh." Th ", ""the .bu,," of IlK-
,b;] i; <Ii,,,,,,,,,1 "gaiu" '''' thi; "bu"". n<..... rth.I<". <100:. 110' orig.
in,"c in his capricious ' ]"aJiJ'g " 'i,), us. but in h;,; ~w<'il)" ~gai""
r;",]"'."
TIll" imm,"<lia<e ',,"ult of (he bll is lite ~rtu.1 cn~tio". ,,-hid,
,on,.,. i",o cxNnco a=>r<ling to 11", o",a,,on of m",(O, ,,,,, If
for Ih"", who ',,,",,,11,, ,naw';.llife io the 'world' ",h;rh 'k.' ere
'w
~ ~"'. 3'.
" '-fM. ' 1.
~ ~ lIl, XXII .
cr I Co<. 15, .,. '9. fOil.
.. Job 40, 10 Ilot.
~ Cl ru. 3. 10.
h cr G..n. 2. 7.
.. ft."",,_ ~'9ll.

awl", a ma"ria! a"" ....... ha, '<>n<~ 'he dmgou IeU down from 'he
d,,",' t;r.. . " 'hid\ ,,",' ;m"'~,..ri.1 ~"d aloooh"e))" inca'1>o",~r, 'I~fa ..
")1hill8 ",,,,, he ha, beCIl hOlmd ",i\l. ""'''er and loo)" '"
It m.in """It "f (he f;tll i. ' he dc"f<1c-U,>n "f (he \lrigin.l unil),.
l1<n ...ktt com.,. forth i. ' mul,i,ude of Dumber' (.~~90:; ap L9po~
'<c hi",,' \"~;""", ,. 'dj" ;,;,,,,' 15,{>.;pro ....1a"d di~~gn:"m<m 6""""",,,,.
,\11 ,he,, '''e n:lf.'rdc~1 '" '';gns of ,,jck..ir..,,', 'Il,i, ro",jC\io" i, so
.tro"~ ,I"" ' h~", char"Cleri"iCi ~I'( ",',,~Ii.h"d iO-' gu id<lil\e (, .. exe-
g-o,i, : w]",on-cr ,he"" "ot~" ... r~ (''''1>(1 iD th~ Scripture. 'hey >.il"uld
b< i "'~rpre""l a, dCU'A.,j",,. of "'il " nd !he rd...,,,,,,, p', ..,tg0' . hould
be i"'erpmcd ntc",rlingly," The", .. a critit~1 ' Iue'h"u wluch i, "
liwd",,,e,,,,,1 I'rNeq1l ;'i,e for con'preh"nditrg lbi, co"cep';o", of
'he ~'.lk ,,t,~t "'" 1h~' " 'hid, fuU': .,nd ~ .ub;.'lucn' 'Iu"t ion: "h~t
is ,ha, "hieh "'Wl>1jlOH'" 'h< ]>,,,"'1,,,1 i'kotit)' of 'he r31;0".1 cr~"_
nu-c'? Thi, ' Iue.,i"u i, di,,",ctl)" ,da'ed to 'he DOtio" of ' ,,,,,ulling'
1~ "POJ>ll~~<J\') ,, hid .. (he mos' m}">1iool I~~n' of ,I. .. '~>CtrUl~ of
'he h ll; ye' i, b,,, 10 be '''''w~n:<' poo:"I~., """" ,hi, is !hc c~uci"ll'oo" "r Ill<- en,i,,' rot1<'P';OO .
It i, fund",,,,n'al nct of 0lig<n ,hat ,h" -c nd' ",;U be ~k" 'he
' I><sumir's'." ,\!though b~ ,~"'. not e l~h"n"c "n ' he <,,,,"ce of ,1.,-,
'Ol,e' ""bo fell. he doeo "" "hm h~ '''']>01>0,1< hi ' concepnon of 'he
end. r ba", quoted ab,,,,,, a ';gni['c"", I'''''''g-o from ItiN, accord_
O\g ,0 ,,'hieh ,hi. '""c' h~d h" .. n p l ~cc.,j h~ God 'in 'he midSl' of
pr<:ciou. >!one,_'" Ilu' tho,"" i, no ail"""n pvi,,,i "g tn w)"" ,hi, '0"':
w." wc lea", '"' hc,,,' ,hi. wa> Ul tI,e ,hi"c ",ali,}). ".,. un<1",.,.. "d
,ha, 'M "'''" incorp"",al .inet ,ha, re~li')' i. e",ird), intorl'0real l; '"
wc . 1", learn 'in 'he ",id,,' of ""h,,, ,Ioj, '"ne' "'"'" ",".. '" !he
mids, of pn:ciow; ;(00.... lI u' ~e can pick up notbi"g al .... " ~\"'
"mc' ;(",If
Fmm Cds ..-c learn .. ,m ethillg ",ore al~>u, ,hi, 'o nc' .",1 its orig_
u,a! .nd i"'l>ttCable ' 1>(": 1b.. ,,-a, a 'p",da", ",,"e' a,no1lg Ol her
.. ~ l~, xx .
~ --:Mt<. \. X\'II
~ ..tr:... <"""" "" r", . 1\ , ; , .10> ~ ~ \ '
~ 1lW, \'1 .6.2. 11.1. 3" ltt ,~ . !, lU .6,3. 11t. "_~, er. "JP.., 1t 7.
, ~ !hoc. I .... .
.. , - . 1Nl/, "'lit'" Orill"" 'f"'OIL' or "'" 'tin" b<fot< "'" roll ., .., "in>m>:oe-
...1 >Dd ...,.,,.,, IQ an) 00&Iy b)~" &;;l..,. ...1 <pri"'" ~ _ " .....
".,.,,,,,,,,,,,. KGr, 16,371. 10.

ClIAJ', U. nn''''.
pr<"Ciou> .,OD<, in (11" di,;nc reahty: i, w,u pbc j a, all 'om amCll "
ill the 'hody' of the ", "lti<1"hTOid""d' Wi"lom:. il ,.-~, " '~';ng
"on"'.'''' ye< ( I,,, ~f" n'''' uol W """ hr~: th" n'", (he dMue l;Je or
\\,i"""", rnr,df. It i, l>oi" ,,,.1 0'" t h.( t h,' ""rip( u".J ",feft-nc,' IQ
'PreOo'!S >tool<'- ha. a 'my.,",al meaning' a ud 'the j '''1 ~re ,h" m_
,.,IYe< "'Cl} "I>ceil:. of ...1"", rwd p=iou, "ono ... ' After all.
he ,fui,," ... ""h '00""" ,b.,", ceoun'',",' in. "' )'tical num.,,,. which
e~" I,.. "P'I,O'CI<c"dc<1 0)' "'QV
'"'~o ~'" alk '0 Ij "<,, ' 0 the ,-oic< of
(;",1 0)' ",,,,n,
of ""'I'< .mi". b.,.,;,'!! ."d II,,)-' uy ,h.".,. ,Ile
body of C~ri>'.,. "iIJ be I'I'louiJ , ~' i ,h "OD<> "'hich .re ' ,i,%.
;to ~ , U
." p .... ci"..,,_,..
II'h'" &,11 , ,he ,d'""" "-",, "" '(m ~Imcnt" f!'O m ,he '\"-"'y' of Wi.d"m .
\rh", 1;\'1 wail "'a( ,nolllc," ;" pn:1ty ckar: i, '"'' Wi.dour her_
;cif, l;";ng her di,-UlC life. On no "IT<lU n' caD Wt' say th 31 ,h1, '"rua_
,,,,,m', th " r "'c;"", '1i,'ing ",o"e'. ,,-a, li,'o,g ,,, an inJ~ /ryp<J<14';<
in ,h. d;"i))" lit;'. ;Il ,10.: !el1St' 1i.a' i, ,,"" ro",it1cti"g a lite of it.S
0"'''; &... in ,I"" reali() (wluch i, incQ rpo""J) tit .", ca" I", .",i,hcr
'di"i "c,iou ' uor 'd;";";"n'. IIc,i<Ic" what w", cTc.tetl in t he 1'''''''_
,Iential ereatiOll ,,-as uo, all)' ",di:-w"ol c!'Ca",," aud. in all )' ", .. m.
'"" Ca",'''' "I",,,k of paw, of "hat is incorporeal . ..,
h ,honkl t><: "'0l'h"sUc-d ,ha, ;, ;, ,o'uul)' ,hi. poW, "' hicb O ng""
esch",,-<-d 10 cn " nc;",c, ,\J'h"ugh h ay' CCI1~i n ,hi,,1('> "I~,u( hi,
.l<.odriuc of 111. b U, ht're ;. bow h ~ go". <.0,1:
W. h",~ ",,,,-.I a "',.. of (>Ur ,;...~ ,."""UUo.g '" "".

"';rh i" ScripIu,.,,-,
"" did "" ha'i'"" 00<1\",;10 0<1 bold ''C"'U'" ''f>O'' ,I.. ,ul;j<"<l "''''...
"'....~~tv.o.;. 0<\ b..inS 'lOad< ri>kJ" ''CIl '"'" """" ..... v3\o~' ...~
;" "',." h"~-"'<r, "e I.. ,.., "";d ,... h;ng,""
It i, OLl ' of ,Iu, '""id TtOlll iTtg' lha, <.0'" ,lIo"ld cn,kan' Llr to pon",,
th i, <oncqJt;ou of 'he Fall. T lte," .. " 0 ",heT "'.r, ,i" ", be de~b_
er~l<"l) d ..... not >la,c " ,, )""iug "bou\ ,10 " le"~1 ~:<],lici(ly. B", to
'"' er I POl. ~, ~_ (".M", \'111, 19.00 W .

~, 00. \"111. :IQ,
... 00. \"111. 19,
1- _ .
'", ("..u, \~, H. n... r,,.,,,.~ 4 _ mi,oh' 1,00 pooJ It.", ;, ;, .. ~ ,;l,oIe ro
'l""t .. . ht ,,,.... tim. of txr<h, ",,,,,Io, . of 'd;,~ ' """"xi>", .od or '"",,'
~"" rorumi!t<d oin .00 lMl' It",, thr notion of ,xon_O!io!inctioo ;, """f"tibk ~-;, b
,I.., J: '.,..,"1 On thi, 'I"'"~'"" CJo-Wn ,,,,"'~~ d to .iAh<.-.",
.,..~ to I""""'"
110. ",,,,,'af ch."""" or IM doct""".

"", ribo., to ong<" a Pla,,,,,ic "",ion abo,", p",..,.i. l'ng" p"JWIl.l me-o"
"'
l)()Teal notional CTcat urc. , which rccrn-cd " body. ;., ju;l " >implj"ie
",,,I nl;, lcadiog ""h"io", "'hid, garbl,". h;, 'eal ,Ioc!" "'"
Ofigo- .. him."' lf "'" ."."re of !h,- rlo'onOr 'heor; ~h()u( tl>< i",,,~.
Ye' he ""Y' 11~t1
th< mon ~ I.., " <,;etm froon I"noofu< togct.i'" ",i,h )u, ..ifc '(k>tbod
ill If"o''','' of 000','" ,,b"~ "'C"[o ,";ode b) God I".c,,,>< of ./"
hw".o Qtf<oe<, )"", "" j".n'bk and O\)~lkal ""~' , ~' Iuch ;" hi~beJ
~"'" ,]'" b'"'''' of '''''0 ,,-I.) 1>,,101. ,I." "",I co",,.. ,\o~ " ",.1 ,nou)"
,<,n,il ;, fnld. """",hin~ 001><1 ....
h' ilK'"" he COm"'""(> once 100'" 0" ,I,, ""ne 1''''''''i!'' of C,-"e';.
and "1<cl> the "-~"lI"'" ,h," ,h~ 'g:mnw" of oki",' ,ugS''>t a .. ump_
,ion of ",atorial hodico. I le,-,- i, h(}\, he a'!,~l cs : "if tbe g;mn.o",-, of
ski" iguif), Ibh "",I l~mc., loo,.,. i. it I~",il~ ~ for ,\da", '0 ,ay
b<forc ,h"" ' In ;";" nOw bon e of Ill)' 1.00"", ",wl lbh of my 0010':''''''
Again, 00"'"""<, Il< .I..." nol "" plicale hi' 0"'0 opinion. He ,I,'ems
il ,,,,ough ", con'ra" hi, o,,'n C<>nc"p' i,.... fr<J'" 'he Vb'onic ' ''n<l.
fcrring '0
th i, 11)' ua",,, all he ~'Y' i, ,h., onc ",h""ld inquire
into 'he hi,I<I<" 1tca,,, ,,, of 'h< .c rip,uml I",er." '" 'n,c "'m' " ""c'
i; tak", in fi.lIMt. 131. ,d,e'" it i_ "a,,,,1 d.at miu<l It .. b,,,,, joined
"'K",b er "i, h 11<,1, ":.cron.h,,<: ' 0 '~"SO'" kuO\"" 10 God alo,,~" I~ '
oM; ol&: ~ I_'"
n.~rcforc. it i. Origen hi,,,,,df,, ho ' Iuot<> 11",<> "0<1 "",fr."_ , hi.
O,n] "i ,=,,~ ...-i,t. 1'1.,,,,ni,,,,. To aurih ulc I ~ . t on i "n to hi" , 0" th;"
,locH;'''" ;, 11"'0 onl )' a ,implistic ""J-' On' of ' h" pUl>ic of h;" ,k>c-
,ri,,". for ", hieh Ilw Ot~) 'hlog for ", .... ;" Ib a, i, .. 'IJ)/ Ihe 1~"lo,Uc
0"". :.rcoming to O rigo;n", ""." "~" 'n",",-,- Bc,idc,. il ..""Id he hodi
cm,,, '0 """!It tI~" h," "rn,'" to <li"!! " i,,, hi. """, teo,', "" '" to> co,,
tn", it to l'Iatoni, ,,,. doing'" ily '.yiug nothing about i, and nL~k.i"g
O'd)' 'O"" hio,,,; ,,,,d ' hi<. "h,,, ,b,' 1'I",O',ic ba,ic. "W'" k"""" to
""c<') f~ i'I)' <-d"" ~l<d ma" of O'igc"', """ .
'n"" pcm",,1 c"'ol",,'I), life ,L"" olll) "iIh "',' "~i". ,,,,,, of ,he
ac.,ual c",a,ion. Foc onl)' ,h<;n d o p'!I.,.oo~1 bo'ing> begin 10 exi" 3$
.. r",n. 3. 2'-
.. u,. IV, w. Cb>otio ... FWo, 1_,... 2!tD. C, ~.ho cm. ""'. ~3,
.. G,""_ ~, 23.
' ....K'_. (rurum_ on r ... n_ ~. ~I , I'G 12.101 , Cf_ ~J<I-. 10, \ ' 1_
'"ft.""". '31.

ClIAJ', U. nn''''.
in<li,;<luab; i, i. OllJ)" 'h~Il tJ"tt 'hey ""'1u; ... " lif~ of 'heir O",n It
i; only ,h ell ,h" i. make> \cU'C '0 . peak abou, 'the /"u. , mOme'" of
,b.ir e..,a.lo" bj' (;",1',' " or abou' 'd,e .u", ,beir pe ... "".!i!}' firs,
. ",ol);"d'" Th" .. an' ccrt.i"l) "",>rc", io", f"'m ,he La'in ","der,
ing of 1"riN:, ,,'heT'< ,empornJ 'enn, ar~ \lse<l too.> ["'1.",ntl) an<l '00.>
"",kwardl)"; >1ill wc ca " di;ccru thi, ..,!.C",i..1 ia. of thi, doctriur
hclund rxprc..w' 1> of ",;. kind.
There .. ,o"'tllt iog a, .hi> pai"" ",!tieh might appear .. ;' 1"'''''
dax: "ltile ,".. ~ iItk! I!Mg Of'! 'If--"""& I'de" w ~n ",-cur"""" i.",
th e d;';n( ]ik m.I""", lift p"rtlti ll , ,0 'p'",e ,;me. 'Il,i, i, nuan,:.'.
which . hou ld he Luen iuto "ccouut. The fonu uotioll refer< t() 'hr
,""",0,1 of ,h. reali..,. ""led ai" ,," he \\';,,10111 wlcicb """"",,, .ru l""';
,Iered ,,;.h ,11< j>r""io""" "l1I".rea.on, . where,," .ht btter ,de,., .0
d, e ,h ild ",aliI)" (ac,u,,1 c",~ '; o" of d," "' ~ '. fial "oddi. Tbe [o",,,or
",fu" 10 ' he "ni,)" ;" th" '00<1)" of Gh";'" ,11" loll" ref",", la ,I><
r 1ll crgcuc~ of di,,,"';I)" a",1 ;',di,;,loJ.lity wunr~, to the ".",.kl . wllich
i; ,,/ muJ.o Ibe d;,;nc ",ali,). \I"h", Origl:n ",,,n. , h ~, lift i; one "f
,b e roll<<1)1i",", ,b~, doo-. ,,01 ,,,,MaUl '0 Chri" bim,,'lf. t,,,, only 'm
od,er>' I<niX (liI,oji, "U: c,I~.:;\. '" ;, i; oo,iou. , h", a t""(I.",,<'''''~
prom;.., ha, I><en """hli,h"d: ,he p"<iic.ti,,,, '", h" .... i,,,,lf imp]i,,. a
,,<>, ioo "f w/m,ti.,,.---,, 1l( ~ion ",h;':h by no meam <OH1 he awl ie,l to
the di'';ll e KI<::. lbi. ',,u,,,.' clau,< i; . igniflc..", and ha. 10 "" 1><::mJ<
io mil,,1 IOS",I,," " 'id, ,b. 1'1",,,",, d,", ,b<'"" ,,'" "0 "0"'''. ",10<'0 ,I><
third and f"unh conccp,i"'I> r"f ,he $0." '1 "~r" n", ~~i<1ing a' .11 ".
'1'1", <on<:<'p' ion of 'hf. ' Slan, to ", oh ",nSl' otll) "lwtI ,hi, i, 1&
of '<~he ..", ,ha, is, ",hen 'o,b<T1l~'" mak<:, i" ",,,rk in on",log.,. .
Which men", Ibm 'othe ", ,,,, ' l>cgi'" la m.ke ICn!.C whco 'Tlluhitudr
of " ",,,1,,,,.' 1.~ii6<>; "p,e~o;A "Sebj,m' '''liojlU '. ' di,;,io," (5",;",,"0;)
and '(!i<aW<'ement" 151"""";"1 make dwir ",,,rk a, "i~", of "ick,,d
,,~ ... , a; oo'e~ <arl;"". Ileyoo(1 \\'i1om ,,,,d 1~'lI'''' ~ll oth" ,'011'
""pl;O'" make """" onl)" in ,he con ,ex' of the rc~"i"" \>c',,"e<1\ ,he
Logo. and the ,,"orld. i",lced 'hr "third ~nd fo""h " roncC'p .ioW! arC'
~ 1l, pos," 1 by"" I,.ogo<. an,l time eall nOl be fouud ;" 'he .. ~,,: "'h,.,,
11,, ,hi,\! .nd [he fuu" h OQ"<,'POO", did ,,0, , . i" at ~II'. '" I:Ictore
", I;"'; 1,~ .3.

,, ' [hi.
.,. ~ 2. X\1I1.
." '-"'"" 2 .'>\"\'.

(he FaU. (hortfort. (ho 'prttioo .,one''' whi,1l 'ombroider' the 1>00:1)'
of \\,i.dom are t10( an " all) 0(/....... ~".t (heir Lfe i. DOl a hfe of
,,(he" . Time "PP".'" a, ~ " den",n, of ,h. "'"rid "'h",, (h. nOli""
of 'ht; of o(he"" .. ~," '" make ""'''.:, (h:.( is. up"" (he hlL
l>:'rWtUm ,.il1l~'U) ,knot<> ,,-.u"CllC< "f th e In aterial w<,,1d. '" 'l1,i,
i, why ~ pn:dic,,,~ of fftaltn~ Iif< can uot he "p~1io<i 10 (h" ",aliI}"
'tJefon:' c...... tioI, of (be worhl . I( is ""'0 "'Otl)o pODd"ri,,!! 0" d,e
"""'",-option of (h,( ,,,~Iit)' f,,,,h .... R<femllg to th e """",I c"'ati<)n
of t he ",,,rid O ri~n I ~ )nra)~ th i. a, f<,Uo,,~ :
Ac.-onhngly. j"" ..
61< C~"1< 'Q he io ~,. I.osOl, .., the I-<'SO' ,,'..
i" the to..gi"" i,,~. Ar.1 ro",idu ifi' i, I"""ilok: <I", f~r 0" 0 '~k< 'Il<
".""""t. 'I" ,be h<giJuw'll ~a; the Lu!!",,' Oo .cc...-.:!"""" "itb thi.
" ... ...;"g. '" ,I" , . U tit,,,!!, Cof('" ' 0 1... it< ooco.-.Jauc.. ",;,b thr "i..
dor" ",od "'" [on", of the 'p"n, of Wne""", which hi,. ,,' him [>C .
~" 1~W"1 rim """ ",. """1",, ,~\ """ """"'" "'" """"""""> ,....
Iv Q~'o\i ."""",.... ru";vru y( .... 'a' : f ..... I <hOok 11 .. " jo"~,. 10 ....",
0' ,Ioil' _re built ..... """,,,,,e, ..1 .. coming to tIt< ardUl<C1U,aJ fom\> .
h,:,,';'>g" 11",;, IOlt;m,h'g tbr pJ.'U\! IDd 1',"'''"'' ~;" ,) ", .n if",,,.
in lile nUn"" 011 th;,,!' ha,.. e,," , ~ '0 be "",,riling ,,, tbe .....".-,n,
l.6-yoo,; 0( ,,h t "ill bc. "'hieh 'CIl>OU' ""'" di,","K.i), o.rtic"iatro b),
G<d ill "i.doo, .,;:;, .. ro """"""'" -",;,xt, ""'" Ma.; I. ~ ~y
."",,,,,..IJ<v,,,, ~ro e.-oio ,Go. ;_ r.- J.&,olu.;..; "" '10" """le all ,h;"p
~,,,;" Ior,,' . " And ",. st,ouIol .. ) (h.t "....., God ha,1 cre~",d ,I .. b,;,,&
"iod<xn. <0 'n "....." "1,,,,-. ~,.' oU'"" ...... t o""","" """1",, " ~"
Ile . 110",,<1 fro", the form, "'lUch "'''I'<' '" I"" 10 1""",,,(.0 ~>< ,h,jo!!,
~h,jd , "-,j,,, ,."d '0 "",to<, [L.>th l ,10,,;, ""(Ulli "",.000, .Mow " lUld
(Il< ~"OO, ~ ,,,I I foeu, u'Y "Ikcd(m 0.0, "'he,l"", ,hi, 10<>1<1> (n'" . 1.,
IQ,- i,oJi"idual ""i.",,,,.-"o
,[,hi, is ,ho- (O"'eX( U\ " hich O '~c"', ".,em.-", ,h~ l ,b e 'reasott ' of
(h" "'o,ld (,iIY "pi "n.
.';"~o ... J.Qy.,o" "'gan:kd from. "orldl)' )Ioint
of ,.;< ...., i. the ' WI of the co rpof~ab ~ l\( l (I,e hcginniug of the illCo"
porcal, 10.; U-r><; I'h "''' ,d,.utai". ttiw "" I"',,,tiw . .;""~ 5t. t ....
';O"'IJ('n"", . ," T h .. 're,...,,, ' (J.O-yo.;. "c('{)rW"& 10 ,, hich the world
".-11*. 10. XIJI: C.&,. \'111, 19 8- W.

, , ,. oY",
,. " 10'3, n
' " '11.. lD<'....ing of ~ .. '..,tuoI =.,;",,' ~ ,," 1.-.1 '10...... ;n Orig<n',
,~ .00 i> """c..
d ,,;'10 ,..,{.<,,~ ~ hi<h I"""" . ' .....,..-Kl<nriol , _ , ~
;,y.., the ju>l..,...,.oioo of,.,.
~, 7,': -V'" 1. 10.
""n, .J.M"
""I.,..... ID c,-",,,,,, I . :1<;' .w I ~'
,~ .-J<Im. 1. XIX.
'" c..r,2. I'G 17.26> ".' """tu'n,. '" 213

,Ad
'O L ' l'~,,,

-.>UTI" "!T"'! '.\JXXX"I ...,.!~ '"
'U 'B """'><1-" '!'Z <!<"D
III P" ""J " """ "] ;)'U. 'y,u.,,1'I I)U ~B",u l " nO", ",;w \"'''''<>1,1,0111
.,~"'U ,n ~' r, .,(~, P"Q ""'4" '9~ t ,ts>u"!) '" l'..,;n " ""uuoJ "'U.
~'''Yl'~ I"'" ~'''I,!N Q~',"''''I '~'I'!tol!U! .. tP ~4 ~"'~, J11' " . 'U t,,'
"\' !l~"" ICJO)(huJI-l" m i. ~I'!fll
-"., ~.v PP"'''' I~nl~~ "1' .~ 'P!'I " '''''~I ~LI' P" ~ ' "O!)UD I,,!"J~P
_1"oJd "1''''"'' ."~WJoj. '41 ">~'''''''I IL"'~p " ""!I>"''''I' ;"'~L
" ,.p.~~...., '''''''1 ..... ( '! '!"!~" 01 ~"! I'"oo" '"'''I-'
oQM >lIL"!, "'It ". >Jrlr '"4 )L '.K!]' '''''''''- '" 1,. ""f "'1",.,.-"""
11" ''''I> _ " "'Pfo """"1" ' I ",,'"'I"'-" " q '1'''.''''' d~.~ "'I JO ~U!"
-u~ "'" "". >p<u. "'~J. ;n",,";~ JO ~, ... AI" ,~dw~d. "'I" po ""!><
"", QO ~,,,,,d "'I" I"'Q JO ""'P'!.\\ ~~, P"""""I"''' w.-" " 1 ';)D."
' ! "" ."... '!"" 1'''.lll",~ " 'P!'l" '~m,,,,l.(~ ~unr''''\.J 1" 'u""'
_R" >1J' U""[fro '1""+" ('''''''''''''''''9 oo<,~~ilu"DO.l JO <p,RIO <J>.oUe.'
"1' Io,,,!,,!,,,,,, ,~""I,;'l rn><><lJo",! nv 1'"""",,10,,0' 0, or/" " '0 J I
';>P~w " P~:UI. ,,,.,, J~'UJ" ~, ""111 ~'u"" ,. .,
0,," ' ~"'''J ~~U~l .-KLI. '..q '" Ju'W 0' ,MW"" I~'m" "f! ~OJ """nl.,,,
-'Jd "I'I"U.><k,pUl "'11 >1 'IO!'~JJ~ l""U "I',.,o.d ' n"S 'POD JO OOS " 1'
'~",>IVCl(~ [,,,,,,.,,.<1
C '! lUOp'!.\\ ~U!" !p ~'ll. 'PU!'" J"""
'!'() ""'!
1'~"uoJ ""ld '>'~ l~';"" u JO ",0 ,I>'>'l~"~. ,~., 0, "" -'! ~~!'I_" '\"'!'"
"~'''''q '" .UIoI~" uo l',pmll.\J '''I IO uu", .l-~""V\O 'I -u'''I'''!-''' '!'lL
')IO"~~" 1~\lU' 1'C,(,,,i ' 'l' 'I'!"
~tJ!-'<1 <>W! .>UJ1l~ ~~! q." ... , .... ~:u I'",.,,, ,, .:u<l. "1' v, :ro!I\JQ~"" '.r."'-'/"'(
m'~l6"'At>d.QO.) "'ol"~'" "! I)Q~) ." 1 1""CI".l!uU '(llJ"!"l P :u>." 4' !4"
' ''' ....,'''. 0, 1i,~I"0". ~I'''u, ' .1< "O!'~;uo <!In '~OIJ~'<!X~ "'''! JP"!
J',,UI P>'P"' 1''''' ""!'.'>" I"!'~'. u, "'I ' ~"u'l 0, tolkY I >~, p>'<\"II
I)()~ J~UU ."",l>!XJ 011" .,,,,00 1'1''''''' I~"P" "1' WOS " ' I '>! '~41 1
Ulol"'!.\\ "!4 .1';u""~>J'l"c,. ' P! 'I" ~'U\ll,,, n U~ ."'''1'''... '1'1 Ol .~>uu
_ J~ ll n> ,,~,p,,"' R 'R_" ,,~ ,.'!w,,", ""u'1 '.I"'D ,.;u"p' '0>'''1 1
'P><!I"'''~' "'j PI"o> '('!I""-,,,,iJOJ 0' ''' !I~

_"odJ"~,,, 1"!,,,~p~\O.Jd ,~, u""J ,mod IU"!'"'''''' '4' le,!, ,uO>JJ,
J"ln :>tl,~,1 "'11 JO t",n.{<lUJ~lUo> " '/1 4~nQJ41 '1 11 '''' '1.1. -(UI"'" {Illod
."o>,..",,-do; "'~ .,,,,,"x., o'Ul ~",~, '1'''1,'' "OnC,,"J I""I'V ~'I' 0' "m,
-'-P.I 10000J J'I' O'''! ."".." UO!'C,,"' 1.~JodJ'IL! l"'f'J.'P'-'OJ1/ Jq' 'P!q."
1" 'nu~\ ."! '",to"""",, v. JP'" " <nuJ "'I' JO " ' 0 "" ""!"~ "'''' JW'
H~JU 'n-"'Vll~
'"
"'
is ,,-hy ill 'h e pr,,,;()u. !,,,,,,age r<f"r~n"" I" the "dual ere"';,,,,', com-
ing ;nt" e,""<nce is ",,,dc through ' he tC1111 ~.lJo-,,, l'""icub, "'en
';011 .hm,d h" 1'.l id to all " ~I'""'; o" u..,,1 ;" a ,'',," ,,'' 110"'0" of
}""V.b. " h" .... (h,- ad,"".,), "'ho feU i. d,,,,,rib..'<l '" som~"lh i"!(
"n<ilher "",",cd, nor image. b UI """'<1hing 'l1lo1ckd b )' Ih~ [m d.
,,,,,,10:to he moc ked b)' his 3tlw:i,', '" W h~ t is ;Ul I>O""'" ;0 'his po,
tion i. ,hat wi, ~ ( h"c""r;' i. ociu<kd f,mu hoth ,be ten ", .-d",.
ami ~ ..... ''';; "'hieh '"!;!I'''''
O ril:"0'. tu nd;""eo,,,1 " ... ,." 'h~' 'h" '''''il
os""'" is not a 'real "", "",de b) God. T hi, is ",,' I"''' or Ihe pro\'-
idw ,ial cre"rj()Il, i, i. nell'dlio n of <,,,,,tion rail"" tl~", a P"rt of it.
Thi, .,k c, ... ,.,- is 'h e ,,"delle) ~ Il d unrca.ulg dP"., [0 ka,l being
,n<" non_bcing, it is the 1><"';>1,,'" den;al of ' he <""nil-to '''Cl of God
a",1 ,"", i>-it)" .owar,1> no. hing,,""': thi' ,Ierual h"" i" origin u, the Fall
i"'hich ") '~n. il fol"'~"J origittai crea'ion) ,,,,,I
acconiu)gi)" ~I)r
~l anj d"" 1\ P<>" ll of ';<w ., ,"plic"I)" n:j<;;tro. ' ndwd by n, me.'"
Accordillgly, a di "i l\ct~'" i, tlm.,,-u bctwccu 1">001, ~ 1l(1 r>'w~,,, ,.
The former p'T1ain, to the initial cre.tion, ."-h"",,,, the I'''er .ug
ge" xi ,,~o,", 0.. , of Ihe h tl. '" A, , 1\01l'er poin< . i,rub, ,b.-
lioc,;"" i, mad" 1><1"..... 0 rA',,, ,, ami .... i"'.,
<l,~ I,"er de, outing \1",
"",ati"" of,!,,,,,,,,, 'ol"
110
III all th ru c~>c> Origc" allu'1>o:aliry ,,,,,I ti'n~. th ..... C'~ " l ~' " 0 ,lOlioo of ;,,,1,-
P<'ndcnt lift applied to ",e,ture". ,\, h< 1"""" 0"' . t he (, ...1 <",. . i"n
p'rtlIit" to the m~].; l\g of t he . " h"al"f w.>'.."v " of .... tional
o"atu,., . pet th;" 'making' .,,-"" 'ill \\";,oom ' .'" Th i the .,,"" iD
' ~J'"', W. 19: ,-;.0., ~, XX',-

,. ~ "1>00; ..", of"", 'P""""'" of )I>.;rn..n" fib" ' a; ftl." l1o: .10"
~Ic.., ~ l :JtIMo, 26.
,~ ft.I'.", I 1.
,. "IP,. 32. Tt." """'," ""Un!,,,,,,,,,," kT", do _ h.. ,,, th~ "",'nll.s o.n",.
' 'Ill)' ~ Ot#"', ~"'. " ..... , ~ ;...,.....", ;, the &',,",,1;"" " ",If ~ IDcb ...
nw.... n ................... ;m",,,d ond ,,,",, .. kd ju ~ 1...-...... ,....,. "" IOuud "' """
"rip<und p,"""!t ... '" """""', p,>n' loo miglu "'" d ... "'"" ,..."'" ."~ d",
~ "oo.""""", >l "",l;t} of the ~_~ u, fact he ""'" '" ;,., fi}o/<lt. XHJ. The ~,.;o
po.;ot, """~'" ~ tht 0;,,,,,,",,, l>'lw"" tht ,~o .,,,.tioru, n.-Iy oh<,....u..../
",Kl "'" .....1 on<' .
' ~"Jp",~, PG 12.1'lO;.
, ~, .... l U3, U: ~ I, XIX, 'I'hi; point ,""""I _toe ",,,,".Io,.....,..." u.;,
'",bo"""",' '"l<I!'"oI> """ 'n,.'W""' or , .. ."... '''''.. u...... ""h '" hum"" "''''''' __ I
"'" tht . odnidu.J ..-.,,_ o,w-n .. "'f'lk.~ ,1... """ ... ....,0<0 of..." , .I. ~
m'" ,,,'"""" ow; ~ ;, ~ the "",old c,utioo.

CHA'" u. nu''''.
whieh God o~a.ed wi!do!l1 n, a bt-gjnning to",'anl ' hi; worb. '"
\I'h~' ,,'''' a" uaIJ) (rea'e,1 i,. ,I,, fomw, 'fI'anon ".,., " ,'isdom"
p"",< ;,"d a, a '"Y>1em nf "bjec" Qf mn'"mpl" ion , . _and fom\> .",1
r"""",,,' arr"rding ' 0 "hieh f,,,,,,..
b"illl('<' " "'CI<' m,dc, So ma,
'M' and cre",i,., "ud 'h< 'l~je., , , a)](1 .110 ,,,I>a ll > WCI'<" mad,
"010' of 'he fon"'" whioh were iu wi<odom' and tho .. form , were
",,,,I,. '00 ,
T,,,,, ,",,<''!<',t; atld yiW(I'; l>Ou" '0 .h~ 1'""'Od.;,,,iaJ """,ion" hC"'d,
~M""', riwlj<I'i_ "0<1 ~r!,,,, ref" .o 'he actual erca.i,," "f'he w,,,I<1 ,
Th" "",,~,I 1"''1,,,n af 'he dj,';nc,ioll be,wO<ll .h . ,,,~, ""gone. i
lt i" nQ{!JCI" "lid ri"f', refer 1(' 'mmiug ill'o bcu'g OU, of DOn_
I~'mg"; ,n ,hi, i5 11,, ''''''';011 of ,I ... ''''''''''''". which Origeo cal l,
' ""b"",,,if,,,, ,io,, ' (",;.,1.",,<; " . of ('.(ional .01Um (no. of in<1i,;<1".1
,a,io,"iI crI'alt, ,.,.. , Th;. m"",, ,ha. "'ha, wa. c,..a,ed WTU 'he _ "
of mtiollal !la",re, "-",,iug .0 make ...,se '" " I'",oll,iruity ulldc, "
ernai ll conCUlTOllCC of ,.,.""',,, alld ca ,,,c.; i. "'''' DO' all)" '1I(Ii,;<I_
uat b)l""' ......... or 1""" 0'" mat ,,'e '" ",,,,le a, rna, ''''8''.
Tbus the
"om. of Job... ",-d l a, of l)a,-i<1. )""' h~l)ds h.,, "'~ me ~",I
~ord "'''' IIlIi t<i~; "",U ..,{~O" ~, ' IlI; ;:.l.a,,"" ~' I' " aU.~!', ' 0
" 'grc~' doc.rillC .'"
The core of 'hi' ,loftn n" ;< i"'plit-d th rough the no.io", of ""I""..
alld 1<01.6" .... Y" ,Iu. i! ""' f.~r ""' O rigtll i. p,~"a"',1 10 gu' he nl'~c"
i'l)" ,,~h.. ~'a' he ~ no< "i,h '0 el.I",,,,,,, ~II)" f""he" " "11,;,
ho""""" d ...", nOl p'''''en' hun f,om higltligh';ng 'h" ru>1ioll of 'com_
ing iu.o be '"g ,~" of nOli "being' .h rough ou, bi. "'';tiug,. Croature.
aWeare,1 "(mm nob"Ltillg' l i~ O1i . ';"',ow)'" alld from ~,oll""x; ,,",,<e"
I'~ ,0\; ~~ ';""-'<;1'" o" d ,1"') 're<:<"ived b.,o'g f,om (;00 ' (u"" ''-'' &0;;
'Q .:WH 3.~,...,,,,)...
,I .igl\if"-"",, , pun' is h",, h< I",." 'he 'l l,,,,,ioll of ,,,,.., prop"',
II'hcn he come. '0 cxl'iaill ,his, ail he ,I,,,,, is ' 0 eXI~)1"~1 'he "ie,,"
,~ f'ro..' 8 , 22 -.Mo. 1, LX, XVI!: XIX: ti. \"I: Iq. IX: 7(1, X,'I: XXXIX,
'~ ~ I, XIX_
" .ft.I""" 11.
~ ></1\ J2,
". JOO 10. 8 , P<. 118, 73.
'~ Q.u..~ IM,_ ~, cr_
c,r, \", 59; "11,
11. n
~J-, 6, XIV; _ 'I,w,
17, ~_
," Cdr. 1\', 31 ~ , 11, J<)-,pP!. I la. 11; ~ ,oodd, "".1.
-J_
p, :163.
'" .y"-. 16; "/'_. 18, ~.... I, X\"1I;,./P,. 9;"u>,. 1I~; l'IRlobo. ~ ' , 2,
'~ .ft.l iMs, ~ ; XXXII, 16; ,yl .... ..tA. 5.; ,.Jp", 138,
". ,,11\ 21, PC 12. 1260.

"'
of ploilo<oph." <Jf difk",,,, schools vf ,hought . Ik ,Mc,," all accou ,,'
of "h., <!>knCc i, """'''Iiug to ""heT of Ill"'" who ",.;',,~in ,h.~t
the ",ali,y of i"roT]I"""," 1), U'!!' ti 1'';",;,')",'" or ..... ronli ng to 'd,,,..,
"ho hold t)""
'he ",aliI) of inr"'p""':0[,<,,1 'hing> i. p ri ma,.,.. .,,, Ik
,ul ... qllcntl)' afford. " quite
d,,~ilcd ""'0"'" of ho.h Ill"'" dcli";,;",,, of <""'ott.
It i> chrum:'c,;,tic thOl'llh ,t""
he (00 not >llgg<:>1 allY \"i<: .... of
tci, own on 1hi> que;on ,d\ic h ;. ""renin l)' no' jncld"",al. 0 " ,h.
co<,(r~r;.
it i. ;,,<heal;,.,. of Jus pCn" 'I";"'1\ of ",tio"al c",,,,,,,..,. ...
""Iy concq>,uaUy 1"01 a<wally <,,,n.\i,,ing of a C<J 'l",re"i a nd an
iJ\corpon:~1 .1.0"'<1\1. \\~'CII he 'peal> of pI\"'i&ntial erea.ioll. hi>
perttpoon of it ha. n"thil18 ," do ",id, any Ib,on ic "cl" of .ome
pre-an,ing 'l'iritual world. W". ,h i. hi> opinion. he <ould b a,~ no
<Ltti<:\d,) '0 "'WI\ei,,< ~,is. Sub;sr'I",",t). h,' coukl ha'" <"mpkl)c-cl
,h.t "'-f",i,i"" of .""""". which ."cm, f..... m ,;r" ",II) !'LilO" '" per
c<"p,ion 01 ,he 'wrkl a nd it> "rigin. Th<" B,ct is. b""n,,,. d"'t he
emplo)'ed ueither nn ideaJi"k bor a 'Mt("riali"ic Stoicl or au
'\';'IO",li. " ,i,''' ''' of "h~, C""'OC<" p"'1~'r is. h i, 01>";0'-" h" Ut",
"I''' for ",,,,,.i.ti"g iml"",ial in re'prC! of ,10=
ddu,ition, of "...,.O<~.
nte ",a..,n i, ,h"t " ecruin ",-f,,,;,;o" of c"""..-~ is direCll) ",",,<-cl
'0 (ac,ually i, ,'cm. fm m ccrtain .o""c.op,ioo of ' he "",,1,1 a"d it;
origin. 1>< it e"'.tell or unc"'''eli. 'lllat O rigtn \Ii;he' '0
hokl <LIoof
an,l nO\ ""do..." ;U' ) on" of ,he,, ";''''~. tk,,,,,,,.
d"" hi< eO'''-''1'lioo
of creation )",d I\o,h i"g '0 ""
\I'i, h the pagan on,,,. To ,,-'plica,e hi,
"wn dcfUli'iotl of '.....,nee. h< he'" ,h"t h, ,"'ould ~"" p""",k "
,k",il,,.-I account of hi, 'my"",.r ,h:lrin< of 'he ,oul . Ttti. i. e,mctly
what he w;,h",1 to .,-uid a",1 in f.CI he ' lid I\ot do . Thi, i, why he
,,",e, ,I. ,, --Ih" docu"i",' "boo" ","",>ce i, " (Ioc'ri.o~ ,,'bicb .. g"""
and ditti.. ult 'u c"",cmpl",." (."'-~ 3' " up! ,Tt; "",,{u:; ~ .'Ut
&u.:.a.""'~'~.I . '"
Wha' ;, for ""re i. ,ha' to him em"". 'I'", hrough, imQ b<ing
ou' ,>I" uo,hillglle .. , '; \lce God 'foulld es!CUCc lJ ucT"a'ed ' ,,,ye,,,,,
irr/'w'lf<lv .~ t" till' oOOjav l.'ugJ1 "" ",.t,ci, "*,,,,,,,. ,,, .")
~ _ ;; ,.,.,... "'"
,1<6"{,.".,,
or '" .. "". wlU<k ..,. propou ..1<d ),,"" ",'wJly pm-.Un ID ,boo.. "hoo\o or ,hought.
'" c.b. VI, 6 .
,~ ~. I, PG 'HI!.

ClIAJ', U. nn''''.
(" .. pl~"v" ,~; oiKIi,,~ ; ,,. he i; 'beyond mi",1 al.d "'"""tt' (i.h"vu
....,ii ~"i 000,,,; hl . "d 'God do<:s "'" I'anieip.'" i " "". " "" ~I ~U
l<ill' ",,8' """,n_ ",:,Q.<t " e.6;;), '"
So when he .p"~" "f ,he "","ce of C"d, h. jU<l "S<""' lhi, ",rm
in a cou,cn,io.>"al. if loo,,",. sen>c . !"or ",bcr<a. 'h< eCllce ,,f a Ihing
,Ic.erm;'.<, ,hi; Ih;,tg iD I'ri"'O;I'I. "",I aurib,,'e, to i, ito i"di,id"...1
O" lOlogleal ,w lboril)'. G",I ;, tJryooo.l 'my now" of es,." .... ,' . h is G",I
who ~lIrib"I'" ,,, ,""", it< o," ul',!!ic.1 ,;~nifk~ nce, if ~IIy. There i,
"" oociJ]",io.>"'. a. It. Cm""i "lid ~1. Si",one,ti claim.'" as>.igning
to.> OriS"" a 1'L:l.'o "ic "i,,,,' "lid 'alillg h" ""illllie a< ,;,nibr '0 ,ha,
of Philo aDd Clement. OrigCl' i, ""c<J"iw)cal 011 .hi.
;",ue ."d h.,
w u"ci, .. "d hi> 'i~,,' in Ina"y I'"'' of hi , "'oTk. Thi , i, nOl 'he
im'a",,,' " ,h...." he "mplo~. a ellc",n' phil<ooophical ''''';''ll in 10<""
><l1 ..,-bll' only aft., he ha> "pKc. t,'d hi. 0"" ,;< ... 011 a ' 1""'_
,iOIl. T"i . i; ",h" he doe> w;,h ' he u",ion of 'e1tm al d<a,h. oc
'i" fi"ite ,i",e" or ';" f;,,;' e ",,, ],,' , or ""('" ",hen he .peak. of'he Logo.
'" ' ha,it1/! """I". altltaugh tJr i, e"plk;, io b~ li e",,' .ha, ' he ,,,nu
'sour "1'1'1;,,. ottl) 'a lu",,~tt b<-ingo. The"" fig"",," a", 001 ,..~ .... 1<,
h" "or", , hi, .. why ' ''P''''';O'1> hL., 'ao i, ,,-ere" 0;0"'; vr '''"' ' 0.>
S<I)" Ir.' ";;''''> ... '" an:- u",.1 fTClj uelltly,
Thu, " 'h"o he ~"V",, (\(I< 'he r"d;e~J "a"s<en(l~n<e of Gad ' 0 any
crea,ed nm ure, he ..~~~ ,hal "' he .,,,,nce of (;",1 i; di..mg"i; h",1
fcom all) c""alcd na'''''''' rI" ' ~Ii. alliJ,nalion (as "'''~U) i" ""'h
ca",. ,,:.n, '"'co "g"in " 'ilh ,I", ""P"''';'''' '", i, "en<' (oiov<, ~'In".<t
rill""""ia. m" ero;, "iW ."..... <t" , f<"\'~ '''''' I.''' I" au)' ca", ,b<
claim ,ha. O riS'" '"""illme> aloo u, 'he ",Ia'io" or God '" '.,,,,,,,,,,,'
is 'w, CorTI" 1. h ..,,, al l h.. 11Oin, "h.", b.. Sl:".,. ,I"" 'h" doc,ri","
"loo,,1 c .... OC" ;" 'S'.," aDd dilflcuh to To<'leoopl" .. . 11", ph",.., Sla,ts
,,;,h 'h < affir m'I;"" 11"" 'Coo does " UI participate in e""n,..,', '"
1\'1"" cl u ~,,1 H. Cn)u ,d ,md M. S;monwi " 1>0' simply ,h i. ,L,"e_
mcm of Origcn'" th< maiD is."" in 'hi' rontc~' j; hi,
conc"ption of
"y.,,,.
Go<l ,,"i, b .... I><."CI 10 wh"" rete"';,'!; la lh< c .... ',I ..d Ilu"g> 0"
."~, 19, \'1."" ,""" I.... '~, ~ '"~iou~l I'to""", na.."",_, ~. b."
<10, Onp'" .. ""'-
." tJI" VU, 31< .
." CtIr. \'1, M
.. Or;,;,.., 1"'..... ~, 11, ~~, n , n.
,,. iillr, XXlll, ; .
'w !>h. \'1,';'1.

i<'k .., So:.> t IC a """ """ ""lW"'ts ' be ,'c'Y b.:i ng, 'be ("'1ok'gi"al ,Ill-
u". i, " .... be ""ribu'ed 001)- '0 " "",.,e,l ",ali,y. Speaking of God.
O rig'l'll dO<:S 0\0, \n'I"i,... U.'" h;' """'''et" (k:'" of ~ U d",", he 'osejl_
la'''' abo,,, it). He ,'itnp!) ""l$~'" ab.." " tbe 'lu<->I,o" of "'h.,
God
him><lf U, Th" ' llJ N ion co n.,i1\M> 'h" heart of ~_ II,H ,he",
;, DO ",;,Ie"ce , ha' Urig<: n "'-el' "aq>ted ,lte , le>.- th ... 'he ' I""UOD
"It.t i. d,i.~ It; "'TIV) ,lto"ld be 'akOCll ",i,h it< l\ ri>tot<lllill 0.) ""0_
,.,ioo,. ,b", i<. a. indicating 'he '",""oce' of a ,b ing ,
I" fac'. hc find< 'he ' I' ""io,, '~lx,, " ,h...",,''''' of God ' (. ,~i
oiKr",~ fO~ e<o~) inaocu",t<. Thi, i. "'h y h" n,,,, 'h" word '"" i,
were ' oiov<$ and wo"dc" wbetLe< i. it p(",ib1e '" , ",y anything'
" {ft.i" tl! ~bou' i,. He ,I"", " O! p",h 'he qu" .. ion lOO far. b", dearly
,ugg<:'t< .ha" 'pt"akiug of r;, ~l, the qIlC"jOH i, u'" , impl), obooo.ing-
lx""'c~'n eO'l>Ol'cah,y ~ " d ine'"1", ..." .)i'),_ G",I " lx'yo"d , hem born
'b)' ';I lUC of hi, ",.uo'; ') ""d I...."-"r ,p>Jlri~ <tt; ~~",,~.,\, If "nc
,,;,hc. '0 I;,now wl",' G,~l <s. ,hc a" ,wc , ca" be fOLJlJd iD J oh" 4,24,
'God ;" Spiri". Tberd"", ~bi< "''''''''' ''. '" i, "',,e. i> 11;" >piri'~ \" ;0>'"
oiKrin d,m "",,,;; , i) .v"'~" '_ "" Ob,io" , I) ~\c 'I'U'il of (; ",1 <aD " O'
U\ '''' )' "'~ I" -" " I... f'g",..1 ';''' I~)' lb ro.'g h iocorp"""'ili,). For born
", cO'l~""ali l)" ami <<>1'I>on:ali,), bdo" g '0 ,h, <n:' UJ ,dy n:a~,)'~ there-
r"re, ' hey arc ollt"I.'!(icaU.,- I"'''<rio, ,,, ' hc I",i llg of (,, ,.cl.
T he poi", which chIded H. Cm"",1 a nd M. Simoneni ;" ,h;,,; It
i, ou<' , hin g (0 ,pe. k of fIIlMlQ"" ~ k"""", iW"". Iou, to ' peak of flllI-
j/Q." 0/ an ;"dirU/ua1 h"""", ~ i, ' I" i,e """,h,.... T h. f..nner came
""0 hcing ou' of nothing"'"" " 'ith 1.1... pI1J\'i<kn,ial m-ation. Th" 1.,_
'u ,"""d.,-. ' hc ,u\" "tllce of iJ\di\;~ " .J 1""""1> app""" !J with
'h<: "ctu,J "' oteri.,1 erea.ion. O rigcn i. cxplici. ,ltot ",bat "'., erc_
awl ;0 ,he ",,'ual c"'~1io" ~'as "'" o,J)' ' m"nd mJ..~) ~"d '.pt"'i....
(01301 hu' aJ"" ' indi'idual lxings """0' ;" f~,", It< i, ~, I", in.< to
<mpha":,e thi, l'oiHl ' hroll~ h 'h,' ~"P""';o" ',,,,d J focn, my rd" ",i"D
0" "'h Clhcr ,hi. hold. tnJ~ al"" for in~i,id " .1 oxi"c nce' (i-t,;, t<
~ioIT)~ ' <i ""i ,it.; oiKrim;\. '"
T he t ,; ,kal cohdu,io" 0\" of ,Ilb ,m'e"'cOl is du.: 'n e ,u h",,,,,,,,
of *"- """'''' "hid) i",ut,,, no ind" 'id""l i,) "as <"'.<cd in liw
p'O" ide n,,,,1 crea,ion , 7/rU i, why 'ho p",,'i. ~,,"i .l cn:ation i, ."",,,!
3. UlCO'l>orcaJ. Fo" C','etI ""br . 'I>c"ki,,~ of 'hum"" "",,,rc. who
.~ ~. 13. XXI. n.. ..".. """""" b- God ., 'fi",' 1>< .... '. ll, Hob.
12. :?"'. lld,
.~ . ""'"'.--....., I. XJX.

00 ClIAJ', u. nil''''.
<,><.1,1 p<>ibl)" tal.: ;1 "' ",m cthin g """"",/ or =porml? 0" 'h~ ",her
11"",1. 'he 3<:1",,1 ,,,1,.;".11 of ind";'I,,.1 ""ional err"""'" cam<
itHQ I><;"g "nJy ,,-il h (he artu,,1 <"',,,;,,,,. T h " i s ,,h). ill Ori!:"" .
"h'" i, /'"W0.I i, "I"'~)" ~j", rorf'O",,J. a. I shall ~rguc I",,,,ently.
' I hi> a"a l)";' make. dear why Origt'" <10<. J\"" "ph,>!d the 1'b'()OIM;
"i~,,' or .'>ence d"'pi'e the faC1 . h., malni "i " corporcali,y' i.
"flinllro a, prior t() t he crc~I00<1 co.purcaii.)". To I,; ,,, 'he ",I",.,,,c<
of a" i,,<ii,';,h, aJ IlCn<>n" no. f'IW to , i>i n' a 1~"to1\;" " 'oold main
tail), :.eronung w !he "<>elfi". of a 1'... ...,x;" i"S spiri,,,:.) " -orl<l. Tt..
1"'<>OWlj ."l>st,u"'e come. ;n,o l>ci ng n",w/(ln"""9 ",i,h 'he :><w ai <:ro_
at;(,D of a 1'("""",1 'i""jo-'C"" l>oml cT.alure. 'llIen: i. _" ,h.tance of
human "alur< 0'" "nce t he ""1)' IJC!9nnjng of creation, but i. ;, only
,,;,h ,h. ma1e!i~1 e,..,,,,i<on ,h", 'he lWioo of ',,,I,,,a,,"" of 3" i"dj
\"Iual I"'''''''' "an. '0 m.k, ""1\,.,. [ltis is d,, cri,ical roi'" 'h~ ,
dud~d aU ' hu"" ,,ho crilici.L~ 'h" d,,,,,ine of crea,ion .
0 " 'he (~heT h,,,,.1. O rig<n !C.,1I'" '0 he at onc "ith !OX" I"r phi.
k',,~)hJ" '" rrga,.,i> ' ,mchatlgtahili' l ' a, a f<l b.bmental chamcteriotjc
of " ..... ,l<~'" 11,,, . otlch,,,,!:'" a!,iij,)' is ..~~cd) "ha' .I"",1\0' I"" 'Uli"
to mtin"al e,,'afoft", '["h e) b".~ so",~lbj"1; of f h ~jr p,-;",oro;,,1 ori
gin. ,ho, i,. ,tt itICorp"rtal dem~n' . On " 0 accoun', h,"'"t >"tr, i, ,hi,
<lemon' all )' Lilld of I'r< .... ~i "iug . " b,i"~,,, illdi"id"al [><"T>ouali,), .
T he n",ioll of w/il.j,/",,1iIy mea'" ,hat ,[" T"'''eriai ."d i",material
d",n~'" "' .. ;"'<'''0.... '' i.n'"I~'r:<bI)'. [f <;tb er of fh,.m i, ",k,'" "k_Y.
",ha, ",,,,.i,,, .. by n<> mean' an illdi.id,,;,,], ""'''''. 'nen: i, no
p,"")II~li')" ap"" f",,,, ,h, m~,,'ri~1 ck"'ct" . Thi, i, " h) humatt
!'<ing, l i~< an)" mtioll. 1 cr"""",,. IkM"'.... a ma'~ri"1 hod)" not OI~)'
during hi, lifetu"", bu, abo both h<forc and .neT iL ~ l ntleT iu i"" lf
" nO, ",S', ... kd '" ",;1;'>0 ... ,ber it " a ')""1'<0'" of tJ,< <x;""oce of
,~'jj ~ "d i, e.me ill to I",i,,!: OI,,~ ".il "PI",.",d. 0 " lhe oth~r h~nd,
th e 'incorp oreal' d<men' of ra';OI",1 <rean,,", .~"". co""it Ll,e a kind
of amni')" with Coo. ";,,ce ,hue i, 3 ."h'13",~,1 diffm,nce: 'hi> it"'''<-
pore;,,] i, rrmmJ ",horca, GOO i. " " created .
." I ,.,.' of 'b wn:m ""un>' .. "" ''''''''pit.

~ \><eau,," ~" hitru<1f "",.
,;.b .n """""H of "" tD<'...u.,: of "" CU"ahoo of mon """"'"!!
<0 ['.......... '1'1",
""''''' "."moo" '''" b< "' .... ,"'-"" ,,", ... " of~.J ,",u",,- (Cf. .-].ob.
I. '>:L'>: \" 00< .......... '. 0'-;.." "..-Id ''''''I''''''
a "u,.-,t", of "'oA> .,f '-".
of "hXh 'w n, n;' onIJ' OD<" """"'I! m.my.
. .r.o.. XX\~I. ft.
". !>h. '''.06.

T he difkrcnce I"""'<ell OrigeD"' collo:ptio" "f ,,,,,1<,
ancl 11o~ .. ",.
"'
" Jar ,)ne< lie. "",,c,l.,. ill the di";ne.;"" dr.",,, nh()"... If a "Hional
creah,,, w.re .impl.,. a '."ul' d,~h"t "i~,,, ood) ;" a """'I;'
P1alo>'jc
>Cn .... Ihell 'he '1"""iol) of ".,.",..., could I", simple: ",,,,,"ce " 'o"ld
Ix: the H i'ling 'p"""",,1 illcorpor<al h )l>o>tHi' . or (whic.h """'Y
",hola" crrOl,=",lr "",rih" 10 Origcu l the f'Cf'OOMI "pirit', The c.'Ie,
h"",C\-.:r. j, 110' tha, .t ~U , ,\ r<"ioll~1 creature;' a ll ",,,,,,,,,,U,
cuti.),
no' "" iucorpo",,, 1 'piri, I,"", of ;,U ;, it a p",...,xi>lOlg 0""1 doohed
"ilh bod). ' [l,e .-,"'" of j" """,le,,,", <1<0<, not lie in "")' ,,,"'h~,og<.
abk il1o<"po",,,1 I"'''''''''];'Y I"''''' Lo no ,,,,,m fur ...1, "",ion in
U rigcll " thought. hut ;11 (he ,,/atvm of the r.tio",1 c"'~t " rc '0 God.
a. I . hall argue sbo"l) helow. III l'ri.,. , h,...., ~ a tdling I",;;.;,gr
which i:, ,,.,,nlo follo",iug:
r.J 10., ,.""".<1 '''0 un;",,,,," ,''',"''''', ";'ible, th;,., .. a bodily '~' .
,,,"I ." ;",i~ 1;Ie 01,0, ,"'!,,,,b i, i,..-."rpot'<aI_ Tt.,s<' ',,"0 ,""u"" .. 01,
u,><Io'8" ,',,;r ""." diffi-r<'" <""",.... '['I... i",;,;I>Io, ... hOch i. ;0]>0 ,h<-
,,,,ion" '''''un:, i, dtJ."JI;<"., b<-cu ""do"",1 ..ioJ, ~koon uf dooicr;
"'~ I '" ~, ,j. of thi, i, ;, lOo",d e,i,'i,\,!: >OITIelilTle. Ul oJ" . g.x.:1 ","I
"""'<I;on"" i" ;l$ "'~"';T._ Ttt. bodily "",ure, ''''''. ...,. """,;" of
d,."S" i" Wb.WK<. 00 th., 000 ,he ,\";60:,, of all 'hi'~ ;" ,,h.t_
"'" M"~ of de>ig1' .... ",,,,,,ructiul, '" '""'''r.' .... ' I", may ..i,h ,u
<>ogagc, b., ~, ... ",1 ,be "'"...., of oJ,i, m.. maI for aU IHH1"-"C>, ",",
<an ....,osfonn ...1 11""""" ;, imo ~ h>.".,er ron", ",.1 ~ he dNre~
d.. "",ri" of ,b;"gI "',n."d_ h is t<) dU., d ..,uiy, ,J":,, ,I.. I""" ....
"""'" "h.,, h< ,-.. 'God ... ...., " .. k", a,~1 ,"'",{"",,, .11 thing.,'"
Thi, IMSSag..: c,," I.. ,ak"" ". "",ht:",ir ,ioN' " siuut.< 0"" is fo,,,,d
in G,,'ck, "God crr~'cd a ""to'n: "hiel, i, ind,,,,,,,,tiblc atld " k,tI to
him" (ii<P&p ,,,,, r&r 'I';".v ",,,,,i~ 'Ut ,n",,,,
"un<"'~.' "
T h'. ;" "',;0 a point ,,'hen, lhi. ,hollglu i. radically rurr.''''Tll from
'he Gn""ic OTle. T he inco,poreal of ,",io",,1 crr"'"re> ;. '''kiD' '0
(;od, Ilu, nO! '(o",u l,S!;,", ;" I' "';w hi",. Such" dis';"f1ion ""ould I..
in<"'J<~i,"hl, b)' a Gno"ic. Iksidc, . ,hi, ,,,cO'l'orc~1 ~"dcrg<J\"'
'change'- "'i,h,,, 'h" "wki: " ,Ive.
"0' remain 'int"c.- ,hroogho,,'
the "pi>o<k' of its mixtllrc ,,'iw rn,wa- ,,'hich i. abo o".t<q>tablc
to 'he Gno;tics. ~iuall)'. ,hi. inco'l>OI'C;,1 ,,-a. '"" "k', 'l1,m: i. no
,\moo 5. & /-'tW. 111.6.7.

'M /)W, 111.1 13.

ClIAJ', u. nil''''.
'I"<o,i"," "bollt the ' ",ali,y' of the Ill,,,,,rial ,",wkl. ",'hich ;, ",ga,~ed
.... fllUy '''' 0. just a, 'he "atc Won: the P.U ...... III Gno.tici, ,,,. Oil
,b e "the< hand. "1"\1<" bd"i " onl)' Ih~, of ,h~ ,ran><."d,nl ,,"O<ld ,
0" 'hc,," Ih,,,' I>o;n", O';W'I)', tho,,~h' i, .heer!) difr.'I"Cm rmm
G"o"ici,m . H. rU"ch rega,d, the,"" ,h, 'opic, '" ,h" fu " ,bmen,,,1
characteri,,; of Gn""ie ,h"u/,'h,. '" IrclL~CIl"'" ""'e' th. ,. '0 'he
\ '"Icrninian.<, ' he 'l"ICUJII",ie gCllemtio,,' I,;, .~~" """",u,m;v) i.
and remain' "".51JI,WlI;,,[ ,,;,h 'he ' .\lolher'. 'he (;",uni", '''';1)" ,ha'
;. ' ' ' ' "''(11) of .he plem",a ib,rouilcl<>V """IWIV <ii ~~, pi). Clemcll '
of ,\k ",,,,dria d<ab ",;,h ,('" G"""ic ''''''''' of OOI",'b>,..n'i.'~tj" 1""Il'-"''''

God .",1 lll 'U iu hi> S,,.,,,,""',.'"
Origeo doe. a/lim, ,hat ~'Korpon:" I ,,"'un:' ,,'" 'made' by r;",I.""
""~';Jlg ' hm nO, only the '((Orpore"l" . but abo the 'iocorporeal' "re
'm:.d .. ("M"'.6r ..... I."" He """., hold, d' al both ;t\c0'1",,.,,,,1 and co<-
prca1 t\all"c are ,u"'"lltiblc of eh.llge . Th" r""",,, \"h.ns". ;n mi",1
iill 'en", of ",or..J 'l "ali,y ,. wb<fc" the btter d", ,,g<:S ;11 '1",,1;,) of
'tt~"er. " ",id.,., Cn:"Uote. are ' ''><<1',ibl" of c h~Jlgt "" ...,oo\lU' of
ne.tu",1;"""" . ' (;",~Ii.,n of .....,t""'
prupcr Ib~o dO<:S " 01 '''!!S'''>'
",'lku'g of "") J)<'...."h'~ i"'ii,idual. The 1',lIcr took pt"", onl)" ~'he"
th e ",,,,,,,1 c",~' i",n came int" c."<i"el\ce.
Thu. ,&",.., !"'w"".." amI ,'<10'. poin' tn the actual erra,io" of
th e worH tha, i . 0 'he CTea,,,,,, of ra,;"",,1 CTe.",,"'. which h~,"
" p"WIIll w.~1J ""d , lif< '!! Mrit "" .. ; ~,e) "". ill " E,lIcn 'l'lus.
hdongi"/,' '0 a ",~Ji,) COml'k1d)" d;,';ngui"J)ed rrum ,he di,';ne lire.
Accordi "/,' ,,, ' he V.klllin;;'n d"""; ,,,' ofer""t"'''. "hieh I ,",e'ched
abm'c, ,11. 'fin, ' who 'fell" had al,,:ady a life 'of hi. o",'Il ' . I" ,I..
p,imonli;d ""'c . thi, 'fint' ,ttirrored .he ,li'; l1e life. bu, he ba.1 hi .
0"''' lire '" weU '" ((O"",i"""..,." H ~ r~1l ",oJy 0'""
he [<"gO< hi,
""." lim ;""i"n, and th, "o"d of c",' h olh,, (0 ""I'''""n' 11>< ,, 11<.01<
t!;"; ne fulill c".
1n !l,ce' CQ"'' '>I I", Ihi', .coo,ding '0 Origm. 'hcf'C "'''> "IJ i"di_
,;'1",\1 =a,,,,dj" life iu 'he primC\'~1 "",c. Life w .. the .Ii,;"c life
". H,c... l'uh, -r,""",.od 11...,'", From 'I.. .,.. T_, r..,..,.. r"""",, f:..,~
Y~ .... , ,...t. 3. p. 75.
-.. J'<D"""'- """"," 1/""",,_ 1,:;.6.
~ ' et. a..,,", cL "", ... ,odti., - . . . . 11,16.11.1,
" ,,1/1, $8. PG 12.13I!G.
~' ..IP,. 117. PG 12.1581. 1".. "n" ,.,.""", "'. ,,,""""'" ~ ......."1' u..d ro
m;.r '0 ~. ) , ., b., "",n '''''''''-l
lo, God, C(flio<, -'3;flJI", 21Z, ~ . 1.0 ".. , n

93
Ql~y. Th, cr~'1<d 'hillg> "'''r< decora,;"'n' of 'h" di,;n. lI" i><:lom:
'hey were Ii"illg ),0' 1101 life of 'h eir 0",,,. III an)" c~"', God did
"0' " ""d to c"<,,'c om of ,10,' ,,"",I IQ ;"";"c at a cO\>(~p'i01' of hin,.
""If, "hich h", '0 I... in >0 ..... ( ~ IV':c ill<(}Inl'lctc. ,",oi,h"r ".,.. d;,'ino
1",rr.:<-lioll progn",;,'d)' limi'ed or dih""d ID ,I" poilll a, ",'hich "dual
en'OT Or . ~, could nri",. Thi> ,,-:0, a "'''e of pocrfc<:,ion, ", here 'he
crc."u"", "'C1'<" ' di,;'lc' by the grace and l><llc.-ol ~,,,,,, of",,";r Cn:ato.-.
Thi, " "ot all "",,;den'a l or ;",I",,,d r",,", of Ot-ige"', , hcolO8)".
it'''her. il i. ,'i,~1 '0 hi' docu'i"c of 'dciflC~l io,,' ecOll"'",,',), "hieh
;, "" " ,ral '0 hi, ,h""I<>g)" al"-,, ,h;, ha, much '0 do ,,;th ,h< '~>C.
'';'00 of ="".";011 ,md "ltill""" cnd: d,<,c. ho,,'C'.'M', arc bcy" ,,"
,h~ ""ope of ,h;" 1>001<, and I 11,,,,, '0 p""pon" ,hem until ,hq' I..
,rcatcd on ,heir Own.
'I'h,.. fo,... "ha' hr, 1..1,,,.. ~\e aclual w'a,io" i, (;od', \\,,,,100'
h~"",lf her bud)" "11., muh~<mi>roide",d ,,;,h I;";ns p",dQu, "'-',,,, .
,;"ce 'hey arc in ' he ~,'i ng I.od), of Chri" , \\1"" li,'.." ~ft~r th~ act",t/
creation are 'he fallen '>tonc> hal'ing o<q ired co'l)()"'~1 oodi", an"
h;"'illg I... , .. ,,,bs,.,,,,;i.,,,,,,d as i1I<iiritJu8J (imIJ.",/ilU"
11,,... i, tJOthiug i" <O'''mM t..''''<en ,he" "<0 1;"'t:S. Th,' fM-
m,'r j, the ~fc vf Cod. '>amd)" life;" \\,ilom . "hile ,Il. L,uer j,
'he faUen stalL" uf CTca1L!rcs. a life .1IliUb of God , 'n,~ cha<m bc'"'",,,
,1;I'in;t)' "nd e~a,ioll i. a r",lie;'! o~. The world i< am()iu,d.,- 'O",
'ideo of d,,' ,!i';"ilY' " ",,0.1 ~,ere i, '\(I n"S of th~ l'Io,;,,j,,,, ,lOIioo
.1>0", ,he I>rld "-' ~n ',-mu< " , " of dil'i,,;')".
T h" poi,,, 'hat c",.'"rcl) '-'I~ri'o~1 n~t "r. i. no' 'h"",oo",;o, lO
'he """.-.a','(/ na'ure' of G",l''' i, " deru il" OIl< . h" ,hi. i, the
growMI OU "Iud, o,igo=u "".ice!> 'hc I'b,on;c aJl(Il"C<II,ialOTtie not;o".
,ha, itlco'l)QJ<>al """,,,, " ."" a",l. ,h.",for ",,. ;. ,.
w" of 00" -
'in"i') from ,10" h ;~hc .. do".-n (0 'he I",<c" mod,,, of I", i "~ , A, a
n~""T "f fact . Origo" hore " ira'", ,h. radical cI""m I","""",, C",d
an,1 0"-,.><,,,01)" " "1""" 1-1 ;' collcq~ion vf ,h" fall i, "0' a, ';mllli,.
,ic '" a " otion of prc-<'xistillg .~irit>. which 'fcU ' and "'CTC dothed
wi,h nwenal hod;",.
'" I... -J*..

[\,, ' ,1. ...., ~>O,"\' 11'. The ...... "' of ,he ~,..!d .. hein!t __
iW of God ~ ~1iIi<,," 1 !Or U.. """'10U0n of fuo ", aDd l .. <tiru!.><I) !Or """_
'" fIN of rim<-.
'" _ ..J ...., '1. ",,"'.. ",'" Ori~" "'..... 'I,<achoo~"" ....",,' ch.u """ .
"ifO' ~ i""""""".. ."",,, is """,",,,,,00. ..;U, God,

ClIAJ', u. nil'''',
If th<r~ " a ,,,,,ion of 1~31<)Ilic d 'lali.sm h<re " amdy. d""h,01 <.>f
"I'irit.' MttcT' ,Iti. i, TII"re l)- an ;,,,,,Ucttll ,l, n'" nil attu,," Oil<". Origcn
,",'as ""'''"l: of 'he 11alO'cic '''0 .... On the ",loj'"{"( a"d ,lot-, "'"
fail to
,.,~",..~" hi, olm "'''C, to th,'m. Ahbough h,. d"", ,,'" cL.b<, .. ,,' 0"
h is 0,"," eO.ICcptio " of tI,e fall, he highlight> it> dilfm,,,c< from 1he
Gt"c<:k 'XVI""
Ou' loon! ."d "' __",ur in<IeI ~II""". '0 W a""tJ,,, ~-orld, "h;"h i.
dit/"N"u.ft to dcKtib< ,,,d dcp;' , ~ , """o.al
tnlt,it, b<)"ood thi> ,'i,;hl< 01".
t"or IIC ' .'-" '1 .,,' ,,'" of ,tu,
"orl,f,'" a,td ~'" "on!! '1 "''' ,"-" of
.hi, "'url' f. "'gg<" ~"" be ",.. of """" oth<r ,,'odd. I b"" alJ'<'~'''''' ,ha, "'0 .'e . lftmW'S ~ .. c;w'<1.'e of (cH.in ;on.g;.
n.,)' Ronm ~ hich tI1" C""'." call '"1",,.
F"r i, i, cell.inlj f""'igtt 1U
oo:r ,1'lOde of "".,..,ni,,!! 10 'I"''"''
of "" inc.,,-p""';o] ~'ufl<l tha, "'"""
"""'y "' ,t.' n.. ,td, r.,,"Y or tI1~ " ,1""",..1 .... !(I"" of mi,1<\: :0",1 I"",,'
IIl<"n ,.""Id allinn tit .. tbe S,,"iou, t ..,c finn, ,J ... ,,,,,, (If ,ha, , ...... i llt.
"ill go ,hitl1d I cl" ,,'" ..-.:.'"
I'latou;" dua~"n ;" tJ,co "xplicitly ntitCted. Ration'" l>c;,,~, '" ;"w
'"io:lual I~,,,,-,"~l i';"'. art"' coocrin:d as "",i,ics lta"1tg a >1])(10".1 1.00,1)"
a, ",tll a. ~'Il\ething incorp",,,.1 in ,hem ; Y'" ,hi, di"inC\i"n i, but
an in,dl<'<tual depic'iun of ,htic Il .luf~. " \, """,.od
,ha, "-i , i, o,~)
in i<ka ami th ou~ln that a tn"'~"'~ ,,,b,wncc ;" >O],.mhic fr<o", ,hem,
rwd ,h., "'t hough ,hi> >LJbotaucc '.:cH" to h.", betn produced for
1h. n, or aft' ''',n'. Y~( ~'''l-' h:,,-,. "",..r ~'-etl or .10 ~'''l' li'" ,,-ill,-
0",' il:- fo' hf~
".-i,hu'" a hod)" \, fUIJnd in 'he Tntli') .IQtI~-I "
Stat<m otl" al~)u' ""in"", "I'<all " "" iD 1'riM L1ch ... "AIl thcor af'<'
inCl)I])(l,ul ill re']>eel of their prQl"" "at "re, b,,, ,ho"gh \n(ol'po.
I'<al WCI'< nncnhcb. ,,,,,,1,," .' >0 ,h,)uld bc u n,ic"",oo(1 ill t he light
of the for~gooi " g ;\1".1)' .... G , Hu Uc.-....o>'-", iu It;" In,,,, I,,,;'',, of !+iN.
,-"nr,ido'" ,hi, I""'''''!!'' OU' r.of Cl)Il'CX' ill order 10 <"ndud< """ On!!,,"
'.. -"*"', 17, " , .

~, er. J"''''. I; , 2<
, .. Iho<, IU.ti.
,.. /'tW. 11.2-2 , TIt< " 1"""""'''' ltM, bun prod,.m r,om thtru ..... ,.ru, them
>h<m' ""' , Rufi"u, !.od no< ~ ,he ~ '''''''' ,,]" Origt:n "" .he 'I""""'"
of "'" ",I><ra,,,,, of iodi,-;'luoI
. - ", on.;,tai [J,," """ ., ,hi.
"bot,,"
<IT" U""" " ~ '<1", 0/"""" ""', "'"
~""'
point h..J ..dud"J d ... notion of U,;, ",botanu-
.
<Xi~i"" " i iliout lqinning,
". l hoc, LI.l.

hdd a notion of 3n origi,",1 ", iritual ..'O'ld of r.tional crea'ure., Ao
for the fo,.,.going I'''-'''ilg<:, iu ... lIicll ,uc h 0 I'i<w ;, explicitl.,. r~j""tcd.
h. con, i,I." 1Iu< a. modified b~ R ufi"u . " 1 It i. ol)l"iou. , ha,
Kun,,...,,,,,h i, IU,.",,,,,
,ha! ,I"",, 'I'..."';ou, ""'''''. I.. ing ' o""m" n~"
in th< hody pf th< 'mOJ lti-<i<,<ora'cd' \ \isdol1l, aro al", cAlII.cl 'o"a
nu",' , Por it ;, Urig<: n hi" "clf ,,ho .. )~ ,lIat "G",I i. i",;;;bl< alld
(here are " )Ille on:a'uro. imi.iLle, th " i. '0
,ay inte iligiLle l""'l"; .",
.mplo)'ing the "rn, ,, hkb Paul u.,. ;n Ro"' , 1.20. """" I)'. ',h.
o"isi l~, 'hing; of G"d. h is in ,10., same .." .... ,ha, Origt'n "'("n
(0 '(;0><1 a nd ,h" i",;' iLI., thing> of Cud'.''' n pb ining ,hat "",h'" i.
<i!!llif,ed br th e term 'i1\\'i,i i~e' i, ill"orporeo]"','"
Again hi. "u,h.mic ";,..... Can he .........1 into Itw:
h '" 1'",,"1 l.y .'"")' , ~.d""'tion, ()"""gioout (he "'Iwlt ,. Scn l ~u""
,I"" ,Ill" vu ;,... "" ..... <..... ,ed b)' God ,,"I d"" ,I>,.,e i . ' IQ ""1>"",,,,,"
"'hid, ha> 1'' ' =.;,.,d it! ,,;'n," {'Ol ll ~iu', ,,Jti<h ",r,,,...
,,<1 ,~ __
nu,,... tb< ,>x""," f. bd.,. '."sI"
bj' >on" , ' )'31 ,b,I'< ;" 'U."<1"
"hid, ~ >-< ... ",.1"hh God 0" Lb" tI", ,,, .'" w,bego",n >11<, ill
"'Mm ,be~ ",',,,lid It.." i, 11", (,,,,,I ih'pia,n",) "'. "" "u"'~ tI" 1'0 '"
( i l'k of 'Xi""",," ~ . ,1", q".Iitv ~", I r,,~ of , I... i,- !if<. '"
1)"'1);(0 (I" , d ;"i"ctio>' 1.0.-,.." "" cO'l~,rc"l; fy a"d ;ucolpOt'<:alil)', i( is

.."lo, ,,,,d tl"" th e wry ''''w'''
Qf r.!.i<>" aI b<ings ha, "" exi>lcn('.1
"ni,y ,,,,01 no ""'~)I1 "f <lu"l;'m 00'.1 " I,.. "1'1'1;"<1 t" 'heir "llit<llee
"" ". 'nc!"t i. u1I1)' f\t, ",,,lIe.,,ual S""P of i'Korporeali,)' awlicd
(0 ratioual W,3tll re'; . nd ,hi. "<11" fro", 'he rouc."tiou of 'he FaU.
NOf h,r...,'I".,,( ly is it ,~(",I or ,ugg",,",1 d,a( ,bi, ;uc0'1"'",abf)'.
al)I'li,'<I,,, ,...,ion,,1 CI'<ah,,,,. in the fO"'!!"i ng ..,' ..... i, an c1"" cll ( "r
a corta in 'allioi') ' bCMCCII G,><I a lld th ...-odd .' "
All ratiOlla i crc.'urC< thell . I'<"gard k" of ,heir rank of lil1;. ha\'!:
,he ,,","" origi" ; tI,<) "'" origi" Ole,1 in lh~ ,h"';"" "",hf) .
O"<e ae.ually c"""cd '" i",Ii,,,d,,,,I3. the)' ",.~!"t <1"1",,,..1 in .h.
,anons ~~t\ks of life. )'1 all of dwm h"," """"tI,ing it\ ("0"'''>0''.
,n n'. p, 81 . o. I
'" Uit. \,U, 3,
'~ CoO. VII. 7.
'" C"', VI, ~, . On d... Ugnili<anI dim"' .... I.o:,,,<"<'n ,h, ""'""" of ',... >:on'
""" ,"'i,;t,... ( di.ruio I ...."'r><ty,
,,, I"'rio<, 1 3.3.
,~ CoO, IV. 25; Ill. 75; I, S; Ill. :19, IV. 'Cl; (V. 81. "tu.,. Xl.I'II; ~J""
13, .'\l.II , 19, IV;JiMo, ~lS. <>PI"'" I.

CHA'" U, nn''''.
T I';. CO"',",Ob i; 'he '""",nal ....",ce' (~ )..cypo:il ,,;"'ial, 1'.11 ofwh"'h

is ,he h",u,,, 011 .. , "hich is c>!l.d '""",1',111 , \ ",,;"IIal [,.;ng is 'an
e.i ,'~nc" which i, """,nail,' capable "f fecli" g and mOI'emetl"."
Ib'io,,,,1 e",a",,,,, ,m: Jil'ing I~'itlg< , ",,;";,;ng oo"''''a'''[' from Cnd,
,i lloe, 'pu'e )~a",;bl)', " ,",,,,,and, can be gn'cn only'" 6';lIg bcin)('l, ".
,\ Iorco,=, 'rmioual <"'awn:' arc of ClUe na,utc',' '' ", "hing< wh"'h
b~,," 0,", defu,itio" I""" al>o W,tIoul>lc,Uy ,I. . ,a"," ,uh",,,c.','"
'l1,i, inC0'l>o",:J in cMi"nal bei,,1r' i, ,,-h .. ~Ilow, ,hem ~ kind 'If
,ommunuoJuwi ,,;,h G(~I ,hrOl'!(l' ,h. I"W,.,'" I" ,h. fi",,1 "lL~lr,;"
,h. <!crn"n' ",-h id , ,'o""i"" .. ,to" I",,,,,,,al identi,y ()f ra,io".1 ""'"_
'u re. Iic< e"",,,dy in ,It .. relotion ,,;,h God. ThciT htx!;." change.
,inc. ~ , is po,.il~e fM "'a",cr. "hieh ""'krb," ,ill qu:,b(;es, (0 eb~ng,
' IU.li,)' \,h",,,,,,, """;(\<'" '''''im1'''> rl). ~OQ""'I":I'~O 06.<><.; .... '''"'1<'10
~A~" . '" The 'f,",Ji,)' of I~.cl ie, of ""ional ",""a' ,m" dlang<> accord_
illg '0 their men"; ",hat ccm"ill> und"," gcaille is 'heir f"cuity ' 0
c.m,muw m'e wi,h Got! ' hrough 'he I.ogo<, .ince ,hey"", endowe,1
,,;,h 'a,ionali,y, It i, ' hrough 'heir 'i"corpor~al' dimem;".. , loa, ' hry
co<nlll ,,"ie~,c ,,i,h Co<l .
'l1,i, concep' ion of 'h~ IX""",al itkn' i'y of ",,;ow,1 ".-ca",,,,, rw
not realk suggc>' ""I' .c,u,,1 oxi"~nr" of 'hc d""li>1l' lI ,attcr i_,,~ri')
in 'he 'a,,,,,,al m,a' \l n: ;"df in "ny >011 of I~a'on'" ..,,,se, The per
"",,>!i,), of ratio"al crea,ure!. i. nO' co,opo\l nd, i, i ingle, TIle q\l :J.
it) of 'hei, I.... I~ fIlkcts 'he qoah,) of ,he;, ;'",o'l).. ,oal, ~"d ,ir.
,-c ..... _ Thi, nw:",. ,ha' 'h ~ bo<l)' ha, ccn.;" 'fU.li,y, nn ,,",cn,,nl
of ' he <tu,,\i,), of d,c i"c0'l~)rc,,1 dcme n', If . r",io",,\ c",.'ure is a
(lac", OII, ,hi! .,a", ro,,,,,,>on,1o '0 'he qua~'J of th e body 'b(1 mind.
"hirh ,Uela,,., !h, ' k;"d of ,he ""I""'';'''' ae';on, . It ;. 00< ,he i,oeor-
''''If
1>0.... "1 i I,,,,,"' ... ,ood ",,,, ,,.cd), a, ;f it "'Cr" ,," utd'll<l,d." I U'ID-
,idual>ubsisnce-which i, i, "ut , bu, i, i, ,he1"(00' "f'he "~a,,,.-c
in hi. rcl'''~)Il '0 l".I,~" w"", i'\I',.., hi. 1",,,,,,ta1 i(kll,i,y, T hc (1',"1-
i,), of mind ch"lt/lC', ' he 'l"ali,y of 1>0<1)' ehangeo, 10o u,dtt<l i,
" .--1/." 11, 3 .

". lho<, \ '111,8,2,
n. II-w<, I.i 1,
....
' .. /'>W, 111.1 . '_
'M I >.oc. \,111,8,2.
"
'" oAIr, ilL 12_

d"'''g<'' accomingly, Wha, ,emain. II lI crulllll""hle i, the ca.p""i')' <.>f
,h" ~lIiod.body' ell1i,)" '0 co"'. iu a (li~lcc,ica.1 rel.,ion '0
God. '0
be (iisl ulO ;n ,h . eyes of (; od " , an oldj'''d"a) I~''''''''''~'Y, "",I !O
1><. f...... '0 oil<.'} or diw/><:) God', ,,"ill. Th,'''' Ca" l~' '10 'lOtioll of
p."oonal incorporeal mind ~.i.t;"g in Ihi' fa lkn .1at.:, .' Iin<l exi"ing
in it>df in'o ' h" wo,ld i. an iu'elk<:,,,,1 31,.trac,ion, nO' al'
ind,,
pell(leu' reruit), ~ 1 ; lld <loco n<>l li,.., Ul itself cithn- 'before ' 01' after
,h~ Fall , For ailCl' ,be FaU i, ;. ,h.... io",,1 "",>t u.. , ... nn ;n"pa.
,..~blc I..,ing, "ho h,,,,; """h.' od"" h~!"t 'hef,,,..,' 'he .a.1I it;, God'.
Wi><lom "hu li"e."" III eith", ""'" mind i, rtosaf1J.:d a, p-,nicipa, .
ing, ... i, wer<:, U, life- ..ill in no case doe, i, lire i1Xlf "" all i",ic
.,.",1<0' I",,,ona! iocorpore,,1 bei"8,
Si"'~kiJ\g of "" ,d', O,i ~o VOio" ou' ,h a, th;" is ,h~ "a ,~ of mind
applyi,,;; to hu ,tI~1l ""iog only: a 'm ... i, 'a soul u,i1' g a bod)', '"
Y." i, i, hirmdf ,,'l~, <mpha.uc, ,ho,
,h i, i, "nly a f'll"'" "f "",,,,:h
irrol""u" 10 "ny Pla'oni c notion; ,hi, i, jn" a '" ,ctapho , ',,"" lu
_mJokn he >t"",. tha, a human I";ng i. ~" ;n .cparable em;,y,
1\ltho,,~b '"",d' a011 'I ~' .", ""!(.lIdt.-.:J a$ 'co" ''''''1' b) "~"lf<,' """
/w.v,"", hu" ,." 1><';"8;' :<Ctu"Uy o,,~ w,i,y' <pUa,. ~i'''','"
So " 'e ,~ " ""e Ori!!,," ""'Ufing C t""';(' . uch a, ~I~fcio " ~ nd
Valent;" ." hy oam< , r,,, holdiog tha , hu man. alT h,,, '..,,,1,, ,hu,
~Iuci ng tb. hUT""" n i>w, '0 u,., iocorporeal aud ll<glC<';'lg 'he
body, . \g.o", ,10;" O t'igen I't"Onow,ces bum,,,, <x ;" e",,~ as h.,;,,!:
,<",c' I.... c<,mpri.,ing 'he 1"'0 ill un ity (w "~V(I~.,;n< ..... \, T he 'life ' of
iiOul and l~ i, '<ommu'" (~o\ .""'it. 10 lhe m hot l' and " '"",,,c<ion
1l~,It~> .. ,"" 001., .. olle of ho,h !iOul and I~><l)''''' 11)' , he .. me
token, tha, ',he ioco'lJO,ul ""ul i. nm puni.hed wi'hout bad)' (",;"
6.. "",,,,,,, ~ 'l'U~it., .,,' I)" oho.,-, ~"to.; 0;' I!OMi;ttD l'"'' Tit;" '.,,,;1)"
of huma" natuc,' ~ppl ic, ",'cn to Christ him self ... 1>0 i, he "ho
',""um.'d human n",ut<, aitog<,hd '''v'U (i,'e".."". ,,... It)il'''a,). '..
... - ; . . 2, X\,I],
'" ru., \'1, 71; I' l l, :18, ~ .n., Pnw, I\'.V. AI., m I~, in Ir..w.tiuo", 11_"'"
.. I...., I ... '"~ Ly J"",,", ....111_ , .. I",*,", 9.6.'. <nu.!."d l'!
RuIi" ... "
,~ ..... _ "'" u.. ott.."..,. of~ cIoo~" ,": Pnw, 11 5,2,
m -}<ob. 15, I..
.., ftl"", 2t2.
'M ft.""", 209: u..,."", e, lA, I,
,~ "'"", 1\'.2.1.

CHA'" u. nil''''.
\\'hw ""Il..
i'll'" 'h~ I""~"'lal ide", ;,)" of" r~';Olla l <",a'ure is to
b" found ill hi. ,,/M,m ,,, 0<><1 ""her (hall ill the cn:.ture i"df
....g:lr<k:d ," a" isol .,~d ""d i" d"1>,,"<I,,'" , ,,I,,;,,",,,, . Tbi, i, ,,-h)"
Ori!!,'" Sla"" 'hou!ihl> , uch '" ' he f<ollo"';,,!!,
\I """,,,, "'h"" ,he 0cri , ~"", Mp ,h.,
God <" .... ,,,,1 .. II,h.jng' 'h)" "u,,'.
00 ""d "",..u",.'" ~',. ,hall lot righ' ill "1"1'1.,.;'111 "l<'
k"" 'lIumOO'
"''1
'" r~oo",d Cf"."""-~ or ",i,~1. fur d,i. " .t)' ..... ..", " " , "'" ""
""'")"" ta" b<- p"""W ro ,., "'led . ,,6 ", ,,,,,,lk6 1'1' the p"",i.
d,"", of (;0<1;"" Ood 'mode . 11 ,h.jog' h)" '1""'00 .ud "'ea>U,"" for
'0 God Lbtle i. ,.... Iwog ei.he, "i"'uu, ",od or ,,';,IIVU' "", .."",,','"
''''''') c,e.,,,d thi,,!!. (tKre5>re. ~ w ~ .. God, ,it/U h)" ;t> [o,.;'og
"""t;'>I "i"'io <en";" "",,,[0,., . ,od """",,,to>. "'"" i~ ehh" "mO'
l....- in tlo. <~ .. of TIIti"",,1 heinll' or ",.,.",e ;Il .h~ "'-'" c,f 1>0<1 ")
" ,a rt."'"
I{miollal (re~lU~ are distingui>h1 in (he >iglu of r,,,,1 and ,hi.
h~PI"'"' 'from ,he rim< ,h.. ir 1"'1'IIO".lil )" ii " , em,"g...,j' "
'11,,,, 11... ,I""" f"", of the itldi,'id",,1 "",,,,,,,I It"'''''"
to God CO"
" i"","" , ... pers"nal i,k", i()" of a '~';otl"l erea' "",,. Tloi, ;, ,,"h)' 'to
rccrl' "C mm ",.n, ]; fro", (;",1"'" is con,;,h,d "'" 11"" hu l\c,,',,] ch",
ae,ui"ic of a ,mional bting. Thi< 1"'1'110",,1 .",] (ooUe ,!iaJ,;c.1
,,..j,,ioll 10 (;",1. "" " be'. ;, ,,'h31 ae1u"Uy n:",,,in, COnSl"tn and
und,,,u!!<,,,blc , ,, ,,,"g hout (h" alt"".,i"n. of ... ,i,,,,o] c'e""n,< I",h
in ,b.i .. inco'l>Ort'll1 and corp" re'" '""=) fl\ )1ll on" 'acon' '0 au,~hcr .
In ,dE:: tl,;. cooc' p,ion i, c,,,,,,cia,c,] 'h us:
R.garo;n~ our binh io flesh, " .. 10"... [',10 ,...cl . ,,,,,,10,,. h", ""'~
fa,l"" '" m",her;" the ",ul', [fatl"" or ",,)!herl: f",- it i> tood alone
"'00 i. ,I", ,,,,aM ", ~I f. ,her of tI", """I. '!lu, i. ,,'b. , "'.00 tt.,he.
11)' <a)~ 0"" AD,.oub.", row",';'" ",od ,>cb oouJ Iw, it> .....,,' b)l>O>Ia'
'" ""d .. "",10 for r<a"" .. of it> o~" ",,,I ,,," [Wc r"a~~"1 or :lIl)"""
40 ""\ / ..10'" "",>;,\ iSI", ;"""t"O" /tt,. ",' t.
is... ~ lot~"""' .
~\ ..,., .. ci ...... ,."
The '"ery fael ,ha, God h"" ",,,,blt.hed " p<""ual re latio" will, eaeh
r~ lion al [o,'ing ... ,do", i , ....i'h i" in<ij "id".1 I"'""nali,),. "hieh j,
,~ \\'i,. 11, 20.

," Iho<, 1J." . 1
." I'<iM. II'.I.S.
.~ Iho<. 11'.'.a ru)' ;(ili;,.
'os I;"'; 1.~ .3.
"P<W. iU .
... t:... IS. l.
'.. ,,1/--:.. 18, ,.:: 13.817.

ther<:after fT>'" to como to a tbal<'<li cal relation eit her to God Qr '0
o, hor r",ion"] being>.
Thi, is 'h~ " n,we" , I"" Ori~"" otT, '" " r.",1t of hi, funda
m.. .,':.] ,'io..,.' of r~tjO!",1 c .... ~t" T> "" ~" i""",,,,rablc ,n'i~. in "hich
the dist inclion bc''''-''' '' bod)" "nd il1co'PO,""1 cl< melll aT>' me'" intd
lec,ual al,mc,ion,. ,\ m,ioual being;" ill i1><lfi rtdi,'i!ible ingle aJ\d
rlO1 cou'I~'u,~l. Thus ",h." i. th cor<:'icaUy ,lc""'; I",,] .. a" il1 corpo.
~. elem.nt of n r~,io"o.l crea,ure. i, in hO ... .,y "nde ... ,ood '0 li,-.
m itself "u LQnomousl) and ;..dq"" ><I,,,,I)" I""" ,he body,
Th,'," aIT ",rio'l> T>'''''''''" "'hieh ren<ier tl", .",d)" of Origen" co,,
ccI" of c"'mo' au i"di'ptu ' able pre-'''PI,.-" i,iou of ,,,,dying bi.
co.-''''1'' of time. ,I., We ,h"U .,.e i" du< CO\l ""'. d", eO>I(~p' of lu~'
prop<r ;. <lcfi l\ed i.. cl, .... "oITcbt;on to [ho , of Co'""",, h i, 'hen
r~""","ble to aD'icil~"e ,IL" it ",'ill t", 1""'''bl0 to d,'enni ne ..,me
principa l dlal"".:'efi,ti", of 'ime i.. COfTc'po"dence '0 "mibr cha,
3C1en"ic' of the C<>SOlo-.. For ius'OJ.Jcc. if 'he "0.]\100 ; , held '0 1><:
."mal. (h.~ ,iute .00\11,1 be regarded '" ""mal too. in the ", .. se of
""dl".. duration. l\cs.i,ics. it ha. be"," ebinwd ,ha, O r;g.n hold, dw
lI()lion of a ""rId befor~ tim". in 3 l1a'onic ",,,,,e. Asa;". a ,'udr
in bi. """cqu of",,~,,(,. will oho.,, "h~,hc, or II(~ ca" Ke ,pcak of
CO>'hO:! wi, hou, o"",".~~rily impl)"ing the eoe:<;,t<llC< of ri"-,,,; ,ha, i.
to fmd ou' "10",10,,, (0)1"00 ca" utak. ""me iu 'he ab",oc~ of ,in,,,.
Th" .""""S;" of this rOil eel" of tim~ ",,,,1,1 I", "i,her imp...<;bl"
or mi,kadin!(, ,,"k.. it i, cl,,", ho .... ,h" ",,,mo. i, co""ei,",.!, a nd
whot in co"ten' I''', cOllte,,"" is. 10 i, thercfor<: fu nd"",e ,,, "1 tha'.
1><1",,, a")" rfu<u"';Orl 00 ,im" proptr ,ak," pia"". ,Ir e notion of CO>-
mo, I", """,:o.;.;rd.
Ori.g'" ,,",' eo"...-.,,, . of Ibt' lId,,1 ;ml'ortartf< of do< ro.-'CCpt of
c",n""" He ofte " foc"""d his a " .I )~i, on the ,,,,, aning "f it; ;ndd.
thcr<" .", ",,,,,e,,,,,, I~,inl> "hcn" b~ tri", '0 iU""rat< S<'lll ctiOlM
through n''',,n-c "_'I,,-,,;,io,", the " ,,,,,,,inll of co"'lO:!. T h" ~
"" C",..ru ;, tht' "'0'1:, whirh " 'ould olfer ,be mOO, .)~'''''~tir anal) -
oi. on tile qUe";Q'L It ", ... "Id be ",a,.-",abl~ to a,,"m~ th",. in IIL~'
,,-ork. ,I", 'sou,' had t.... " t",awl i" deto,L Tlti, ""'. '" llO\'-~"""'. i,

"'0 ClIAJ', u. nu,.".
k.., aJl(1 ,bi, .. n ... Mu, gap iu hi ' e~lant "'rili,,!!' .... For. iu hi ,
exegesis of .h,' Fir<! C h"l''''' of (;e"e,i,. 10" had p,..,,;deri ;." eX"'''-
";,,, :lCC"'"'' of hi, ,-ie'" "h",,( the ",,.Ill,,,_ T hi, i, not ju", a",," ,
jeCh'"" i, is he himself who rruoh' ,den- ne., ,,, l,., '''''1)... , in ,ha ,
cotnm<n,ary. "" U i> conc<J>1;,,". 11011<111<1 .... cau he gathered fmm
o, h,, po;" .. of he. <_"am ,,-u,k. For the J"lI)JOM: of my 'CVie. 'h""
rr/i,.." .... e' "'. <,:"hr, ."I\;'-;",n; for m) aim :,1 ,Ici. I'oh" is co""i<i-
er"'",' of ' he m"""ulg of C<>'''''"',
no' 'If hi, CllIil'< Co.mol<>g)\
The "",,' ral i<lea i, th.~,
th< tonll .00-1'<, a, f,,,md ill (he Scril~urc,
i. " 'h.-.,no n)'m' 1""."""""'_ h , the ",1/0(""", it i< >1ahxl ,hw "th<
wo,,1 I"', c""ru"'] ohould be cxall1inro "" a homo",)",," (f~v ~i~",
0.; """"'u~"" t~"ii;<o6a,l. '" It is 4 ", ... of ~'e mlcrp"""" to '<"ig"
tu ""ri l ~""'~1 Io 'rln, each lime ,I,., m, ' ~niJ\g "hich uphold. (he cw,
.,ellc~ to (he Illagn ifoc,-nc. ,,{ God.'" It i. at", argu,'d thal tho"
who h3\'C ,,<g!C<I<"<:l (h< fat' th ., 'he '011" """"'" ;., " homonyru
h~l" <>')I1I111;"C<1 thc fauh of lwo\;jng Ill"'" ilTfi"F.. nt ."",ni011> .hout
God .""
T bi, i, Ih,' n,)c according '0 " 'hielt ~ 'I"'\"if~' con"'m should to.
auriLUI.d to (he ,enn <.."TrIO> in e.dl pa .. icuL" <..e. Thi, mic i,
......-cm".." u, G od atKl .,,",",lIce "f'malici",,, iutc'1""'a'.~l " '''~
i:o:&X';"."" Tb"., jn im,.,,,,,,i"g the pa".'g' of Seriptu" ! John
5, 19, 'rhe w..,rld lie< in 'he I"",'er of ",iJ' . he a,-.:", (ha,. by ,be
"' I'm ",.""Id. J oin, " ...",., only 10 '(he c"'thl)' .nd h,,,na,, .f[,ifS I,"",
~,p'l"i.," ""i d.O"",.,"UlV ; rv' if ",meo1le Ihink, ,hat If>< horn, p',ill<>
to ',he . )">lOIU of hC""<1\ a",1 canh a",[ tho>c ,,''''I:ill,1 in tLcm' Le
would be led to 'he b,OOt iml"'l1inenl 'h(1 ;r,",,,,",,, a'",n;"" ahou,
Goo:l. "am..l). thal (h,' "'" and ,I", moon 'n,1 ,he SI.,.. 'lie in ,t..
~,'il' ah bou~h Ihe~ j1' '' I""fonll a ",;; "I.r "''''''0'''''' uy onl('r of
GOO.Do
'" lM_..o, ~" ""'" ..,,"" 11"",""" 1"""""'" in L"tin, ",,",,' If)..u.'''''
in p.I'oo. 1981.
Of d'" ""'" Qn'Y m'" ["'f!I"""' i. 1",,,.,,"1 mG=_ [""" lIomiI) ~~ , Orion',
"""'~'#. ofG",.", ~"" 1"";"",. "','" ",,""~'11i) PAl .. "',,"od p,~,~ of(;"-",,
... 00. VI , till.
.. ~r_. 3. ",mrn , ou r..... I. 16 I", PG Il,lI9; !'I.it.a.JK. J 1. Q,
., .--"_. 3. ",,"m, on (l,n, " Io-JR': __)""'. I. XXX\'III, .I., I .....
1,5.'. 'V,H .
... .--"_. 3. " '""" , ou C..". I. 16 I">
"" /hi,
'" .-c;.." ) , COIn,n, 00 Ge", I , l o- H)'

'" ,
Ac<:ordillgl\', the ,cril~\lml
po",,,,, J oh n I. 29 "I'hi, ;. 'he lamb
of G,x! .,.h" bean 'he .ill of 'he worH ref.,," to e,rthl.,. pla<e ..
I ~,p'l 'io" to"""."d "'u)" ,1005<" "'ho '.,.., \l oa .."", of Ihe h,)",on)"",'
(~ui ,~,. oiyvut"V tiN """",u~iu:; """k! ""'pirll; "rg"'" (, ...... ,,""""'o;
,...191"" lha, ., ,h;" )>()ilu the Wm, ",-'"rid' could a broader )"" .~
IUcanillg."" Again. ill tbe p"""'g<: 2 Co<. 5, 19, 'God ,.-a. in Ch';',
f<conciling t he "",Id 10 h;""df', the 'enll 'world' ",ftoT> ou!)" 10 t he
eart hly and h\UmUl rc~lill. 1>0< ',,, ,h".., ""i,ring in the ,,hole worl<l'
( pi ,~ tv 3"" ,q:. """!upi.""
In (IIfflmjo/m i, ;, once Illur, >1.,od ,1"11 'h"", ~I" "~rio,,, mea,,
ing> of the tenll c",wo. Ox .Ji,:; ' Koo~< ' 9'>",%1 iu 'hr Scril~ " n:, ...
"",I in mmm.1/MI he oncc 010re 1U)(]"",,k.. 'he ''''k IQ d'rif)' 'he
(~n"...,,,, ;rnl"'''' of ' hi' 'ho",,,u),,,' b)".d.." irlg alld interpreting "",-.
.... 1 pas>age. of <I ... Scrip' " .... " 'bcr<' It... ,,' cm ~l't"'4"', Q uo' i"g
~1""h~", l e . I 14, '11'"" '0 ,he ""rid 1(,,. ,he tellll""tion. to "in' .
he ,et< hi, iutcutioll 1\)n h: "[n,elligcre anl<lll "li(l"i<1 I~Mrinlll'. ,,;
"""gr<gcm". strip'u,""""" ex'mpt" in quib". bOmi1t~1Ur m'm'lu..."
H,' dor, "'" by ",r''''i''g lo D " nw"~u' 1'''''''''8<'' or Script"" "'h.,."
,he ' erlll '"osmos' "1'1"''''''. So. "0"" .honl,1 '"" lbj,lk ,I.., ;,
is d",
.., me 'hing 10 .peak ,imply of 'he "'corid 0< of ' he "'"rld of he .."n
or of the "",Id of F.. ther-.' "
T he couciu,io" "t tl"" poim i, 11.", the ,,.,,al me .niug of """m""
;" ,he Scripture i; nOl 11", or ,10" "Y''''O'I CO'''"'';''S or he,,""" ,,,,d
c." h \W i; Q~"""'" ~'" rii> n""fTJ~".," h,,, 'onl)' the .~ nhlr pLc< '
(0 .. "iyt'''' ~"''''''' "'..,:;).'" SO .....tim'" tlw mcaning <Ji' c""m",, is cwn
,",rro",'f'T. poi'''ing j'''' '0 ,ha' J~H1 of the <an h. ",hieh i. in1",hi,<XI
by people. th" i. 'he oi,,,,,p""~.'" In c"u i, ;. ""ted <h" it i, u.ual
'" /10
.. "0
... .-)\>10. 6, l,\lJ .
, . _ H. .. '3, 20. TI>< _ ~ ",,<am " ..II';' I.."" ~,>... m~ I.... ~ <1>< ...
~. ,.".n,,,,",,,, iD """ <><wo,1 0",,1 "'" "",,,the.,.., ""'" i , n" qut""'" .bou,
'h< ".Iid,, of ,10 I..oin onm.L.OOo "' m;' puio< .u,,~ "" """"UH of "" ,~""'''
mean"'g> of o;oornoo ...,..,.., io d... '""uin@ G"" . " "
" _ "... 13. 20.
" TO. .~ '''''' ')''''rn of .... ,~" >Dd ~.rth '" ""''''''~ I~ ~'"'"
<at,ii,;. ;,. So <ldi<OOon; ~ 511': 1l.16ll,ll; 'l.lffl.39; 1l.l9'1,35. l~ l.atni ,,,
."';!.oeo ..... <Ie!;ill, .... "' ~ ,... .t,.,",,, l~"", [-"<mu,, I .... ,. j I, 1
_. _ I. .. cti.oo ni. 0"""" .... , mi, ,JMi,.;oo" .. "'''''''1''''"''' G/:. \'I.'wi

~ l. XI'; .-.,1/... ll, XX; . - r ... I'G I~ . !O'J:1'IiIooo".I . 2;"uo,. 1l8.
", _ 1/ ... 13. 20; ~ .Joo Im<. l. ~ . 5 .
'" _11... 12, 21; 13. 20.

nn''''.
'" CHA'" U.
(160.,; t<> food 'he lef'" C"''''''' in Scrip",,,, OD the ",noe of 'the
" ~T1h" "
10 i, pbin ,toen 'Ien th ere an: dilk",,,, 1"''1'''"' a"';gncd '" ,h<
term "o< ,no., (hi, m~)" mean 'he ,'i>ib~' ",look wh",h <"n~'l> "f
-hca,-clI . n~ c~r1h' ,'" tha, i,. the ,;.il .... fir",,,,,, e,,' com;,,;ng '"flb~
""XI" "0,1 the ' WI .rod the h<a,,,n l)' bQdi<. <ruled 'pla ne,,' ",' "'""I'
,),.,,,,,, ,' '' or juOl dIe e.nh ~,piyr,<>; ,6. uQ, or ,hal I,m of dIe "anh
which i< i"h.hi,~d 10) I><"pk Qi <wl'i'v'll, or ,own th e hutnan ClW"
ronmeot itself.'" H"wc.-er, it mould 1>< cOIl"antl)' home iu mind
.h a, all It"-,,, (W~'ITr" mc"ning' aro <mplopxJ for 'h" ",1< of oxo_
1;<'';'' , In im"rp",.ing coruio p"",ag< 'he ;'''1''><' of to'mM whOth
,hool,) be ~",plo)"~d i, 'h'" wloch could in no case k,,,1 10 irrr"'r-
rnl itnl~ i r.ti"n, ahou, 11,.. gr.n<!o.'" , Of guudnoss of God. Any ;nle ...
p .... L".", of <'''''00'; ,,'hicb "",old IMJO ,I.' rru'gnifnnc< 0< ngh"'" ,,,on'
of God iD qDwiOll . hoDld he di"ni,.e.! 0.",1 ""o,her impon (o:i,he r
hro"deT OT , ... m)WOCT ,I~)uld he applie.! to i,.
l \U ,h~s.e il11erp""aoon' of ' he ,cnn """""", ,h e",fo",. are " pheld
for an ~itn "hkh i, primaril)' 'hc'Ologic~L . [1.... quc"ion 'kn, "hkh
i. im'itcod, ;" 'hi,: ,~d DTig"" hokl " Il()\ion _bolll ' he ",,-'ual ,'"n_
'~n' of co.m,,", "hich would I", ~ Ol"'Urnl " Ole? -n., " ~, ,lid he ",aill _
..~;" " "a,u,,,1 ron"'1"io" of 'he world. " ' hwl)' indepcn,leot fro",
'he cirrun,,'~mia.l n('Cd '0 i"'''pr<1 R pan;rutar !>oiD! 01' ,1", Scrip''''''?
l),d )", hold ~ I"C""" abou' 0)", \in hi' ,k" ""J-<w.~ "me", .... of
'h e wurld" Did he h",'. a ,he"ry "h<.>u' the c"""' ''' ",,!CI"''' o)e"
"'o,,ld ."'ITe '0 'h< <X1""i,i(., of hi, c",,,,,,logy'
A. ~ nWtcr of f"", . 1"-'}'01ld all ,h~ """"ifoe ",e~ning\ adop,,,,1 for
'he .:.xe of I"'rtin,lar .~..g>'S'" Origen did hold a rk:u J><:,.."nal
c,n" eplio" of ~\C room"", Th", i, "~ jlo,, "(kod bOO, ill I>,;", 0.",1 in
mall) (,f hi, w, itin!i' ill G",d a~k<.
I" 'he Second I~"'" of 1'nN:, he a((e,,"I''' 'H' i"'lui", i",,, the mean_
ing of 'h e fIC,ual term \o.-orkl'; f'" th" .. a 'enn "'hkh i, frt'l"rn'ly
,h""-,, ill ~\" hol) scril~u"" to to. .... igt'"'1 <lifr.,..,,,, In' POI1.,'' '' He
make. ~ 'ril ' ''I:.' i, in qui,)' i,,1O ,he meaning oft the I" m: ' he n.,me
"' tJI" \'1. ",

.. GIr, \'1 , \~
., ""'. Ill,G.
m _If.1t. 12, 11.
". rn.c. U.3,6.

103
c"'''''" in<i;",,,,,, no' only ,to" world but al"" in it> li,~ral ""r... ) ,toc
"",;on of om."..,,". Tho latt~r ;. fou",1 . , ""nruu poi'''' of 'he
Old Te'''''''",''.''" h' Scril~\t" """moo of" "'e~ n, ou, ""roh (og<lher
";,h;,, i"h"l,j,,,,,,, . lI u, ,hi, ,'i,il>l<- uni,,' '''' ,,'hid, co",isl.< ofho~"cn
anrl e.nh ;. "I"" called world, ";tlce Pa ,d .. )~, 'T he fa,hi(m of tl,;,
worid ,,iU P""" "w.)~.'''
Con,iuuing th e U(~i011 ..J 'OJ>O!!I'll'h )" of hi . wodd, Uri~":ll make>
a "'p !urt h,.r: 'here .. yet ""other heawn. of "bO,her bro:~l"r orh,,,,;
,Iu, h".",, oon"';'''' and '1>clu!e. ~'al ,,"~nh "h~'h J""'" 0) 'he gospel
prom;"" '0 ,10" 'm<'C k' and 'gentle "' .nd ,h i, .phel1; i. c.lkd in 'he
h.)/)" ",ri l""'o, the '~'O()( I land' a"d th< 'IAnd of ~,e li\;ng. There ..
,I",,, "nother 'he...."n m,d "" other 'earth' bNi<k ,hi, \';,il>.. firm~n"'m.
Tlut pi,..,.,. how",,,r. ;, hu, one, inood .he high<" among all th e..
"hich cO,"" i""c 'b" ".,.,.Id; (Iu. i, ~n abio:bog pia"" for ,I .. pi",,,
a"d hlo,,,,d, in " '1.><1 Jan,r. ., it ,,'0"', ""d " 'b" d f.,.. ,It< Ii\' ing' ,
",hid, 'he 'm~< k' a,~1 'g<n'I~' ",ill rcc<i\'~ a. "n iuheri'"ncc. T h.n:
are .'ilia oth" place' iu the ,,orld. In geoe",1 though. by 'he "On
',,'odd' he ,,,, <I<",,,,,,d, "all ,h., is al .,we th. h"." ,,,. or i" d,,tn.
or 0'" (b" ",,.,h. or i" "'ha( i.l calie,l ~'e low~r ",~io .... 0< an) vt ",es
(hat . xi " ~tl)''''hcro; tog<oI ..... ,,ith the l)<Ci"g< "ho.", ", id to d..-dl
;n thom . All ,hi< ;. c~Ue( 1 ,be "'0,-101 . "Il'
The c,,,,d ,, ,;or, ;. tbat '~h. emir. ,llli,..... of 'hing; tha, e';.t.
bo,h ", Ie" i," ".><1 "'I",,,,<'I<,,i,". ~"nhl )' a",1 i"r~",,". "'.)' boo ,po~~o
of it> g< tl~l"..1 ",,' "" a ';ttglc p~ff"ct """id. "i,hin ",h~,h ", h)' " 'hich
,I",,", oth., ,,'orld, ,h., an: in i, m"" bo' supp<.... d to boocor,,~int-d-.n<
Th i. i. Origett" fumb",,,n,,,1 ,,orl(l.pict"'~; in his "~,,k pr~"'mxl
;n Greek ,h"rc ~rc " ""te,-OU' rcf,.,-cnce 0 the , ...!"iou, -.p.cd iu
(he "'0,,101. In vI:, be ",fe.. '0 the ~~"" I"'" celestial ' l'a"", of ' he
" 'orid' (Iv ' uU; ~"6ur<"'<i",,, 'Q~ .".,~"" XOlP(Oo; ix""pav{oo<;) and to
,to~ '",,," pLlIe< '"I"'IT.I~.. ';"1 on., ~ ml lOi<; roil"". ",9a~,'f"":;
"x'p"" F"'.ioo<;),"" ThHo ;, aI", ",fHcnc.e to ,h" 'act!> e, a"d th.".,
I'I"c~. ,, h;" b ~rc loc~'ed "I)()\'e it" I.. "jet?, oml fOi. aVOH'po> ,,~'''''
, .. (. 3, (7, (~ ~ , 17. ~', W;,. (8. ~ .

'" 1 Coo. 7, 3(, PriM. ll .3.L.
'~.\I" , ., \.
,~ I"rio<, ll. '.3.
,~ I"rio<, ll.3.".
,~ !lw. lUG.

nu''''.
'" ClIAJ', u.
to.;Ol"''''' ID iIaV" it i. voimed 00' d ',1I .1", "kingdom or G<o:i ... ctII"",
from ' h e .upCn01' pl"c~,' (o.~6 '.,V <pm"".".. X.op("",' ;"'1 ~I"I i "
"""mflIo" it i, . ' '''.....xl ,ha. ,d,~n wc "')" ,h'" , 10" gmI'd 11 .. h"cn
gi"'" 10 ,h,- whole world, b) ....-orld i, meant "()' on~ dl< e."I~)
1'1"". Iq. ~<pq.:iq> '0"1". I~"
al,o -,h< ,,-hol, '),,1OIU """,;<tillg of
he~'''n ."d cM1h or hca'-eru ami canll' (toP """n1Il""
t<j> i~ ";'pa,,:';;
"'" yii<; Ii i~ ""pay""" m\ yii<;I."
l'oi,,,ing to Po,c,,, ",hid, .re I,,,,..,, . "d ,,,f.-nor <:<Jlllp"red ,,, 11><
lllmm, L~)",li'i OIl, h.- .MCT> t" 1.<" '101' which e~i" ',\own ill ha,b or
in an)' 'I'""" like . h,,,- i.v iioo~ o<i,,,, ~ "yl WIO~'q> l"'f'iq,l1' The
1'13<'" wbic h ' Ie ' up ' arc UlIIIlCTOU' ,,,,d .mung t hem 'here ar~
<J;ffe",,,c.,.." lu ,. ......1/.11 he n.:f~rs!O l h~ ' heaw'J)' place>' 10(oP(,",,}\
<6'U11'" p"lIing 'he term, it> the pIUF.I . Like,,-;.., in "/1',, h~ 'P<~lts
of th,' 'dimmer "1"'('" (o.".ep"'.o'i~'~ t"'PtO'iI'" u,;ug I'lurnJ t, .
lu 'he "Ule ,,-ork h< 'peak. of '>-ario,,' world, tou'O .o",iM.u<;
, 00-1'''''0) ",ftich 'oml1~ill the \"driou. hodic. of r."~)I),J ore~tI!ro" 'ro
0,';"""" o,""-,,ta '"'. Aoy,<f"," .''' In ,.,p/~' h. '''''"'''' or all 'n"io~al
'"'tu.....' (lwrtruw ,Go,,,,,,
"hieh '.,,, ""n,od 00' in ,."rio,,, ,,o,ki.
a"d bodie. i" l"ol'Ortio" to th,ir exi",ntial "ah' ',s"""""I'''''''
, 00-1'0 ', ''(I' """'.m .ma ';\olo-yio. <% ,-a""",OO""".""
Thio .. the ""'''' in which he spl"a'" or ' b"",~" . "hich CO"'I'""
,h . "'orkl",'" drawing a dj"ino,;"'o he,,,ttO 'Iife in (hh and I~ood'
and lir. 'in ",,' h.,r~1 b"d}"." n .... Loiter t.'long> (0 'rc',,"':C1C'(" crra-
"<r.,: ,hey .re bdi<c,"<d '0 h,'" in 'I~a",," l"'!'10.:; "'j,i.:h arc of mosl
p"re adhcr ami '" ' hin a, to be ",,,n: lrnll>.l IJCCII' , han ligh' ;!>elf
("" \ ).t,,,6t~n """'". 8":,,t]to'I(JO~.'" The '1lIali,y of 'he rllaUer of
,he"" bodie, is eonun"",,,,,,," ". ;~\ ' h" mor~1 q\",]hy of crca'W." .
... 0.;, Ill. ' 2; V, ,

~ '~, ]I, 17.
'" Onc, ~ tilt Sto;c de~";tioo b)' Cb..,:.;"",,,. w 11.. _ of ."""",,
.--oVMo. 13. XXXVII : cr. r.m, 6, 59 .
... '-Jo<k '3, XXX\' II .
"' ~, 19 .~"n
.. f .iI.", ~l.
'" "jp" 21, f'() 12 . 1~""_
D' ,.jp" l:l!!, 10 6, I'G 12.1(,<,1.
~, "'1',,,,-, 3. ''IJ 11 1[,8,
... oAIo, IV. ~7. ~.Joo, CW, Il l, ~l ~~_
'" ~ I, XXVI .
D ' f};l<t<, CXXXJX.

Thi, i, why be sp<ak! of 'aether.ll ~Iace!o' ,,,ie-pi,,,,,
,0"",,;,.'" ru a
'"'
m~' ,," r of fa,,'. , bi, ,.,1' ......,,, is ~ ki"d of ".tu,~1 e~pl ""atio.. of
" 'h) , h.... bodie, '"'' '"", -" ..",,": th eir ",a,en.l d.aracl<r "hieh i,
pruponio'""e t" ,heir m",.1 sup<ri"Ii.y i. "" f~le ,h .. , il i, '''''''"
'rall ~ "c<n" ,hall light i,,,,,U' "",I ca,ulO( h< >" hy hUlrum .
T he n"';"" of 'holly' 11"" , ho,,],1 be unde,,,,,,xl in " b,,"l<]cr
"., .... TI,,.,,, i, '''' Utt'! 10 10si>< 00' ,I,,. nafo .... oftl..,,,, hod;"" S"tlk.
it to hear in mind ,I"" aU ,,,,j,,,,oJ <"'",Uf<. an- c~'rpvre>l _ -n,;, <",.
f~,,<al i 'y ca" he al i",] thn,"gb dilf~rcn' fonm of bod~. ""~D
through -"ing co rporeal wh ich ;' '<tiffon',,' from " I~",",.' Im, ' 0
to,,,,, ~'" o~, ""i ,,"" <>il>!>a. iiJJv" r.r n ;:po>' """,at "",.'"
T h, diff"",,,,,,.,
amo" g "'''; o,,;~ 0'<"""",. of dlfTeff"m ,",,,oh of ~f"
lie in ,h,- di/TcI<'IH degree of 11..-" I~"tj ril'.tion to and kno",,',lge
of) ,h, IA>go,,'" Chri" ' ''",',nhd .... i. P'''''''"' ill "11 ",Rh of hf.
sine< 'oJl ,m;o" al ".'uftl ~"nieil'.lI< ill Chri,, ','" Rationali,y (<>
~I is >l"b~t c.",h~.J,,:, a c<n,w, .fliui,y [x-'''"CC1l God ~ Ild =a
t" ""'''' (;rt~tur". 'canno, I>t rtg;"'ded ,.. !otally a~"na'e,1 frum
God'''' preri.d, "n :":({IU,It of ""~r riU1_lit/. en,,, 'hough 11.... <irgree
of I"lltionalitr in ralionai "",a",,,", ,ari... C hri" . a, l.os"'. d,,..;,n<l.
to all mu .. of life'" aJl(I ~, I'rc>1I ill <~ch nI,;oll,,1 eTC"tu",.'"
E"en ,<t.cmo,," are "'gald1 ... created b) (";",1. nO! a. ,1.1",,,,,,,,
but in""," ""h .. the)" ",e mtiollal cre ... ",.>
(~"Q..\ h>-t,,'() i """'.'"
'['I~ , ltigher a 'hc~\"C'" ,11<- ,Ius .. , <0 ,I", Log"; 'hi, u bd;'~"d <0 t..-.
Thi, i, 11", ,..;n", ill "'hicb ChriSl U 'th e [,jllg of I",~,"' "'' and l,i.
,~ -J_
oo.g;n.J t<>L.
l~, XL ,\, ,hi.
p<>in< m.-.. Off ...." ,.m".. oIy "".JI ~" " ' ID<
K PTw",h<n in lh< 1,,;.,0 I", J ' b " b m
.,r ,.."
,,,
!o.cao1t",J' 1""" ,.,,01> 0 ... ,.,,,.,.._ 0( """ "'"''' ..... "'" .pI '"' (.1; ,ot.;) ~~
Pro.....,
I~ (Motl) xw.>i"';' ~ tt'..v. t, p.:/&O' llhinl th.>, ......,.o 0( ~ ~'hi<h
",,", ..,. rnok m.",), """" ,,",N'. " ;, m~ ,,,-,, _ "'" ""'-'I"<d, .. ;, ;.
",ua! <'f"""'Ooo ofO<W"'~ TI... Ih< t,,,,,Iluuld,,. ",...:l,h"" -'" W<;'pO 1ii;
(.1> ~ "'~ .0.",", {1",o!l6o ..;> l"';ot;"; C~ ,"" a1>oc. <A,oW. c..._:o,
.., SJ_ Ill, p. 170. n. 2.
,~ .-JoIo. 2(1, ",,",'111 .
'~Jd/I. ~, A ""' .. , "..w,~ """"'" J "'" "",,,,' docll'W< of _"'''' c.nl.
01" ",00n"l <N''''",''' ~ m<n in -.\!.tt. 11. 2.
'" -]</m. 2. XI. ,. "Wo.
,~ vis, IV. 25.
f:t ... I.... "'" ... p6 toM; l./tr>Il ... ;q ,I>
'., l>)'i1p ),6yu.; '"" 6""",," "", .~
__ .m,,,, oiJJWc_ ,.....0;;"" &0\0. 1>;<,
,~ -]</m. 1. XXXI; c.i>. I. G~ .
'''.JUolo, X"III
,- ru.. IV, 6'i,

nil''''.
"'" ClIAJ', u.
'king.i"", ;" not a "",""'igIlIY ",,'cr a pan of lh~ l",,,-er 1'' ''''', () r <.>f
n p... of the bigh" ()n~'. buo i, i. l",wreign!)" ov",] all (he bighcr
I'I"(~' "'hid, ha,,,, l~'"" calkd b"a,""",';'" ,j,;' t~"a",, Cbri" ,be
l..<og<A has full ~"t horit~ "'101 (111) ",":r onc hea"-,,. hut O," T ~Il ,he
hca,'e",,'"
Orig=', ",-<:rm"n" '00",
,bc ;"cam''';'''" of 'h< Son ,lIould I><
Lll)(ier;'oo<l ill the liglu of ,h i. al"l;~i . T he l .<l!!i'" ;. he who caUl<
,Iow" <0 the ""nh 'desccmLnl( 001 onl)" one hca,-"" bu, aU "I' ,he",.
"1\,,,,.,,,.
,h.ir """,IH"r ma' h.. ' ",,,n~,";'x '''' ~u.."" '';'(In'-Iw.
"ill .av,,,,. ;;"01 ""'" <;",v. It. A],hQugh Orig<ll rejocl.> op in;o" ,It"
abo,,, the oxi"<,,cc of'V\'l:ll hcarc","'" he "flinn, , h" 'the Ilibl<
,10.' SI'<-'" 10 ,""ch .ha! 1h'''' at. m""~' he,,,'<.",, . I",baps """"ing
th e Sj,h<rc. of 'he plo"". of which (h, Grttb ;ptak ur pcrhap'
""mcm;,,<; ..I",. more mr"<';o", .""" Thus he ~I~)r''''' (0 Moocs " 'ho
"')~ lb. ,;" ~ uRine d",.." OUJ fo,.,.bcl,,", J"""" bod a <Uioo, ;n ,..I:OC~
be ,,,.,. I ",~le r ",,,,,lWog 1U I",,.,,,, and >ngd, of Goo "",,,,odiog ,,,,1
.....",,,,/ing "POO' i" "",I d oe I.o,,! ...~ ... ~,og " ill .. i", 'op;'" ped",P'
i" 1hi, ".,.". of the I.del.. , .\1""" ,.... h i"';"S~' ,10 .. ><" tMh, ~r" ,,,'
"'<,,~ l>mfw,,.j doe,,.;,,,",. l'I,i\o .. "" ""'''1""",1 " bo<>k obw, ,hi, ",,1_
<kT. "'h,d, i> ""ofth) of ilHeU~,,' and ~. "" "",I) by 'h= ~I..., "'"h
'0 find 'he 'N"'."'"
ni ""cme,,', ~, well ~ ., .im ibr , ~hCD . wOlJ kl be ull<icl3l<>o<1 ill
tl" ~gbt of t he COIlc<ptiO" of ,h~ "'orltl COlUpri';'lg <Jiffhe", 'p;oce<
Or p ,n;"uiar ~",)rld. ,
This is ~'C eo",~", ;" "hieh" p,>n ieuJar po. ", i" Itw. shO\l I,11x
0,><1'''100<1 in om.--r to a".,i,1 m; ,u"dc"'~"d; "gs' " is ~" c""d'" (h~ ,
.r,-,; I!'
'I I , ~ '" ).., .n ... n.:r world. bejo,," ,hi> ,;,iIk 0"', ~ h i.ch; , di/I=.cu],
'0 docriloc . ,,.j depi.ct ,n ""tu.,] tMh . For he ...p . ] .. " ,,'" of thi
... _1I'1l I !, 7.
... ,_11... 13, 31.
... "'''. " , PG 11.112.
'" 00. \ '1, 21: "I. n
'" Go/, \'l, 21. ~ hdoi ""'"'" ~h.h ~., 'morr "')... ..,x.", """" h< <"_
io.~ ,hMe 1"'1",,,,,", ~' ,><i<h . , I", _ " ' " .. """'~, "'" in ".m>< ,.r
lI"""",riuj
di,to"". ~ "y...
'" G"n. 2Il, I ~ 13.
~, GJIo, \'1. ~1. 0ri1l'" ....... .JJ,.i<> w I'hll<>', ..,,-, .. ""-'".
". """" U.3,6.

,"" "AlL "''<1' C . . ....TION OP '''~ ""Ok'." 107
~urld:'" .nd the ~Uf(i,. '1 am 001 ..... 11", ~'"rid" '"!il!'"" 11..,1 I", ~'"
of "','" ",I,,,," " orlel.
A, ,hal .,..,in' il i, ",ma",1 ,I"" ,hi, n",ion can in "n ,,"ay I>< rdu,,,:I
'0 ,h~ Gr<:ck onc abo,,, a 'piri" ..1 'worl<1 "fido:,,. \\1,,, ;. iUlp~c<1
.. ,b ., J e,u>. in ,Ie""'b,ting ,,, ,be houmUl raok or lite. b... I'"oed
' brough 'he high'" world . Thi, i, why 'he ,,orld. which J <""
"lw:,'" al "" ". " '","e" io <t u>!i,), a.od glo,y, lou , ;, " ""et"lhelcss co'"
.. incd ,""'i,hi" thc limilO or
,hi, ""rid','''' which ,>\l,;"u<l\ allude. to
'he ul~><ro",,' m"k ,,{ life . iD " hich Ch';', ;. ((Jl(le"".~1 tn ,," ign, ". ,.
T be term u..,d 10 de""'e th.,.e particular 'pi"""" ,, bich """'I"i..,
,10" ''''u," ',i,'1;I"'''' ""011d ;. l<1'I'>io" . 'l1> i, is deri,'.,l from;(,""", ,,'h;cb
'o<~'" ),I:,e,' or " I'aC<"'. T hu. X"'I>tOV ,", .... " " pa" icul: 'I'","e. It
i, "'m.,,,b)~e th .. ,10, ".,m, (cml !ii>r>o. i. "",,:I in tnoo.'m iCier...".
f"'rticularly iu Ihe ",.lIl< ", ,,io:,,1 'hoor,' of 'l,ac.,. 10 i, al", . ig>liflC" nt
(h~ t Origcn h.~, olea .. gril!p of the ditle,entco among (10"", par
,ieo,"'" 'I"c~" ,he) .,.. "'" o,,,k'f'>'ootl in I~n", or'l"ti:,1 ,iis"",,,,,:

(he,., SI'"'''' are ",-p,,..,,,<:I (n)m ea,'h OIher b)" mean' of ~ c.rt~in
i(l'ithWl/'f, nOl gcome'ri,.], di''''n'~'_ If <:I"",. 'f"''"'''' an ' '" I~' ",,~ m
ul<d (011)" in tenn, of g>",mct rica] di>1an<. thcn there i. no ac,ual
,Ii"a"ce am",,!!, .hem , 'hC)' .... all hen:. on the eartb . Thi. "ohou
i, upheld i " fti.,. throug h :'" aw,.:,1 10 CI~",,"Ul or Ro>,,' ",ho
'_.peaks "f ",h"r P'"'' of 'he ,"""dd " 'h,ch "001'- of DU' peopl< can
..""h, rwr can a tl )' nf lh.,.., who Ii,,,
there c"" .. """ ,,, "" a tld
(hese pari, ,hn,.,I,-e. he eaU",1 "o>M,,, ",.h"" h" ,,",yo, "Ib" """an
;, i",~ ..... iLlc 10 "'c,~ and me """Id. beyond it arc g",-ome,1 I,)' 1I,e
", m' ordi11anceo of (';"d l h~ R .. kr:""
H",,'~~'I'. in 'his I..:",,, portion ;, ;. !1"t d.:" "'be,ber CI,"," of
Rome r"g;uded ,h" ,~"allce I><t",. n ,h. """Id" a" a >t,ati al O!l e. OC
,,,)t."" Orige n, ou the other hall<!. ;.; c;otq~oric:J n" thi> IlOiDt: iu
m John, 17, 11 IG.

'M 1'nN, 11 .3.6_ 1<.!IDuloJ be .. d. "",,''''''', ,Iw Ut p,;", 'h< "...",
" , ch .... , "''''ten God """ <ht ~",Id i, ''''''''<1)- ,'_. ;.,
.,r.
r,.<J; -
"," I ~.., '0 "'" d""
"Y ~i'" whkh tru. """"" ~ 'xpli<",d in u-,., Grrd" ".~. Th", u-,., Latin rt""",,,~
or "'"" "'"'~ ~' dI I..cl '" '"""""]""1.-,",""" .. \0 ,,'I.-,h<, .-.n..in
to "" hi~"'r ,.o!.> or ~f, or u.._Id 0/ '" ,he Mint """,,y.
1"',......
rrl"
'" } """'. ltJ.~,

,~ II-W, 11_3_6.
,~ er C,,"n><m, f~ .. tloM_.
XX, ~, 8, 110. ..-..-.".1-. 1... pb< .. ID< or
"",,,,-,,,,,,..we
.It)..... .,>0) ,lot or
""dr"" ,lot I<>oet ~'orId ." ,,"uroU.d
l,' "'" .... '"

nil''''.
"" ClIAJ', u.
,,/F..r. h< nl'li.;j,ly "a... ,h" th ... ""her work!. are Oil tilO ~3.,h :
~r"hcTO arc """au~y other "..0,1,[, 01' 'he earth "",I thi; C~n nbo bo:-
,h""" from our iucalion I~~W""' ; for il ;, also Cl~n"'n' ,,'ho
.. )~. 'Tt... "",.'<1, i, iml'M,ilM ,,, ",c" ~"d ,I,,'.., ,..." ld, [>" j"o"d ;,
are 80\,,",1 b)' ,he ",,,n< omi,", tlc", of 'ho R"I",,-
So, ahhollgh Ori gcu', world i, ,)ne and ". inglc'!" it to'"P"""
1""';0,,10, ".",ltl~ ;o.;n..:rt h, lc ... b<illg throbg;"". be j. pr;",arily
i".<"""",1 001 ill th""" world.. , "" place" buo in tl,. ,1",<11",. of ,hem.
T he "",linen! "'[""'11<" in I~,/U' is '1" ;'" '".<1'...,"';\',,; Ihe "pl "e... ' coo ...
o llly -"00,,(11).': what i, "guif",an t i, ,h. hj~ntrd'r "f t ho "":ato"e,,
The en,;", <on,,;,uti<Jn or ,10< ,,<>t\d i. I"riou. ond dive,..., rOT i ,

'ou"'" of ,,,;.:,,, .. bciJ,b'" ",od 0<1><1' " " " " cb,;t><. " " , I of \>O<li of
dilfc"'Dt Lin"'" .. ,)"n ","""liy of I'i""'" " ,ch." h,.,'," or the
10<.,... , ..."' . .. I" ,).;, ",<>rid ""," m"'",,,. ,,'" ""'[
to I.. .. 'f'M"'"J.. ..
,iol, ,h., i, vUcrd in ,I". on"", ~ I .lx>d... "od <""hod ~' i' h ,he
brigh,cr ""d '00'"' h<~"<ldy bod''''; ",od a'ooug ~"' ... ","oy dilk",,,,,,,"
~'"' ",,'oakd."" .. , So..,< c"""t"",., 10""",-.". "". caIJ<d o""hly. "",I
amoog ,b""". 100. lh.,, .". 00 >ITIall diif< ' ''''''-"'~ f", .om re ba, _
b> .... n~ od" ... G .... ek . "d of ,he I"",ba";"", "",or "'" "ild" .mJ
f"'IT" , ~ ..,..",., ut","" . ... ,uor< 8"'''1<.- . . , . . "1"1, .. " .'" ol"" Ct"rtain
""';';1,,,-" 1'<"''''''.
'0 ~ lticb ,ho m. ,,"!!<m<lll of 0""8> "1'''''
,"flh is
""tJ\No"d; .nd ",. m""
],.1i..,,, W:.l """-<If! U-. 10<>, 00 ""all
<fitm"""
","". ju" ., " f",,,1<l 'U
I", lloe <2><' >JTIOJtg ,,,,,n. 'lbe .[><,,,le Pa,,1
uod<.-d ;on;"..,,,, ,h." ,ru,,-., ...~ .J.o """,un ;"fe-tt,aI l ""'~'" and "-'T\OJ\g
'I..... 'n ~kc mO''' OCT a CO,,.-j;tKo, of, -. ri<-ty ' n"" "' "",",I""ily .,.. lo<ill=<l
tur ,.,
H"nce. although O rigcll i, HT)' d".,

in .xpou nd i"g t"- hic,archy
of his " 'Q,I,I. his "",i" i'''"''''1 is focu'ed "'" ,," , he p'''ti cul...- 'pac~.
th ",d""., hut " n the ([",d ie ... of ,t~,.., 1'1.."..., each i, Ill< 'i"""
(I ""[I ' "~ place of . 1""" 0:"1" mode of 1'".,ion,,1 ,,,,i,,,,n..,, 11'11e" ....
,.,k" to the '"""id'. h~ l'rim,..il)' ha. i" mi",1 a"cl want> indi_ '0
",dill...... , . . TI", ,.",n. ~'I",h ""n ,"""'" p""- ...1 tIw- ~,-, ,' lo 1"')'-"'<1 ;~ ....,
,,",,1 1' !he "'"'''' 'njuactiono ,. d.. M.. ",, '" ... I K, I......, 1'''"0 CIa,.;..J I.ib<>r),
,~FIIII"", '-<'i. 1. p. .. ~"
.. uJl;" 8. /,(, 1l. ;96,
~ , """', 11 .3.6,
'" I'nM, 11.1 .1; , . .01,..0, I .... , IL~ . 2 . , ILl.\.; ILl. L 11 .9. 1.
~ ' I;"'; U, !.J .oo -.Mo. I . XXVI]; 2. XX)~ 19. XX .
... """', IU.J; uoing tIw- ~"lI'" or I Cor. 1~ .1O .
'" I'nM, 11.1 .'. 11, j "," ... maloIy ... 1< .. to _ ,,ho m,rlJ " ' tIw- '....... , p.... of
"" ,.roe, """,J;,,-,, '0 f{>h . .., 9,

"ate ,h.
cn,irc'Y "fr.liow,] "r<a'" .... liling in all 'h" p:.ni~loL,r
''''
'I""''''
of the world "T hc;c arc who <1""U 'ill Ilea,,,,, ",,<Ion ""n b alld
w><kr Ihe eanh,'''" th e three ,e"'" ;"dic-~'i"g ,h e e"Ure "";,.,,,...,.M'"
The nOl;oll o!>ool' 'he diIT,- ,,-n! mode, of .~j"cnce ""d rank, of
lifo ;. l>oL"cred h)' ocrip,uml .",hori,y he appeal, 10 1', ,,[, namely
Col. I. 16. ,,- here the 3f""'tlc ' VCa" of " )"0110, d"m;nion', I'ri"c;.
I"'~tic, ."d I~M= '; ,,["', to EI~I. I. 21, where he '1>cau of Cl,,;",
'",100 i; "Ix>\"
eH.} prindpaJi.) " rod ~ u thori l)" and po... "r an,i domino
ion , alld ,.,.'cr; n.n'" ,h., i. ,,,.,,,,"<1
001 " nl) ill !hi, " 'mkt b., [ .lso
U\ the world to <0"' . ,\"d here ;" 'he cOll d"".m:
lIere"" I..:. l', uI] 1'''';01)' >how. ,h., 1>.""',

,no.. bring! he Iu. n"n_
tio.lI. tI",,... "" c<~'<io other>, ",bich m.'r be ,,,,",1 ,,,,1<1 In ,hi.
~orl,t. but )<1 .. ," nul on [be 1""'"'0' """"..., ""en el,,,,,,,-r.(cd 1
rum . ,,<1 ",h;ch """"I" ",.re ,.or k"ow" to .. ,~ ",],," ]""""'" 'u ~]
,I .. ", ..... Vlh<" " ill. "'h,,!, ca,mo, h<: "" ,,I ;u ,hi. ",orld. bot "ill
I:>< ,".on! u, 0", "o,kl '0 """",.""
Thi, I,i<.... '" ""1',.....,,<1 ;" ItlK, c;u, [", fOIUld ;0 an,1 c!~' lin n 1 b)'
,he " 'riu,,!:" in G,,,ek. I" ("""'11""" 'k ..... is ,<1"~","<," 10 0... crea-
'u"', " f n lher ""e.:' "hid, h.". l)Cott cre.'ed I" God ,hrough t he
s,,,,,""
I ,I un~ ,~,m..,.,. tit .. I:><i.. ",.", ,",,,if,,,d;,, '-ari<>f" r...-,b ami
r. ,ioo,~l
""KIng th"m th",.. i. ,I,.. "'pr<m" 0"", d "", ,he ""","I, d ",,, ,I><- 'hi,,1
. Dd '" "". ,\01." .... oh<: Wo of ,b" " look, '" <ay for >or< "'bich b
"'1'''''''''' ra"k of lif<- . "tuch ;. ,I", <erotKl ..lid "hic~ ;, "',. ",j,,1 "' ~ I
"'<
I() cl>Mif) ,h<rn ,\01.,,, to ,he "''' .",e ;, not ";,h;,, hn""',, c",..t.OL,),
bu t it i , kJ-"Q"d ... " ,,,,,,,,".'"
t\l ~, ; , poi,, '. h~ :' t\ ,"mp~ (0 afford " d"";I'",,,;o" of 11 ... b;g b,.r
"'"~,,,al I,.,ill!r' h)" 'h eir ":on" .. ba .. d 0" scri p",,".1 P"-W" "I,.,,..
'" I'IOIooo/K, 2, 10.

" !lW. 1 ti.2,
.. """, L'U_ Th.. oCriptund I.....".. "" ~ "i<h on,,-n grou'''' ,10.. ooa.., art
'h< lQI,"''''lI' Iko. I,'; Col. I, 16: fi "'_ 1, ~';""', M ..... 2~, " and Rev. I~,
I (b. Ib, ."'. ,"""" '."id, of the '''''O'"J''''" 12. JI, 11. lO; 16, 11 I',,,.;,,,,, of
thi. ~oM' l: 1 eo.2,6 ' p<inc'" of,,". """w """ '<I.. Ii>'>, 6. 12, LW,,> i . 21;
',11 ,'"if ..piri,,' .... 'UuJ>W'" .... m..." .. ; F1W. 2, 10 b<i.'l! '~.~ hly' '" 'll.r' .....
,"oh' . I)"u'. 32, 9 coo..;.Jeri,,!: 'tn< ",,,,",,,,,, '0 ,,,>in - . , ." ow.., ... ~ ... "
it ,. Wd ' U", ].ON', portioo ;0 M ,""P'<'
1aD' , 00 Ikut. :I~. 8 '''''l!''~ of (""',,
J"""'.
bo"otl ;" the ronl of h~ in"""'
,.. .-J<Ia. 2, XIV.

,~ ~ 1. X)')'I.

u. nil''''.
'" ClIAJ',
h"", Dam",'''' f",m'l. Tb" , he ,ti,i<ie< ,h em ;u.o "god '" ', Itro"",' ,
'domu'iQo,,', p..inC;I'''[;';'~' )luI'-""".'" In " ...... I/anl,, ",,,,~ks of ratio-
nall><i,,!!, "hid, ,,,,, '>uperiv' 10 h"m.",, ,it Kp<'''''''U "..of'o'..",. ,"'"
Ili, !{< Il Cr-..J I- i.", tho"~h ;, 'I~,t '-it;' ,,,,I)' Gfl(l "'h" th < "". .'l(>"'
io,,> r<~im<ll " "f",,,b ,.r ,to< f~)w<'" tl ~" ~rc wi,h th"n " and it i.
only he wloo know. (he rn,,,.. of thi_ d"..iJ""~tio" .'" I" like m"",
" ,"' he rrf<>" (0 ~," ,..~"k; of lif" lod o'l ,10,. h Ull",'" ,,"e, '''''''ci)'.
dem,,,,,.'"
The conch",oll i, ,t""
,..Lw i. "riedy 1U<~nt by (he lI:l"m 'w,,,H
i. ,he cmire .,. ()f I~tnic"b.r ".",1<1, each "( which """'ai ,,, a cena ill
grade of life. ,\hho,,~4, .hi> ~"""l(" C01l>j"" of man)" p articular '1>'>0<",
it "' <q.;anl,.d as "n'. siugle and J><Tr,..".'" T he tn:,in i",~...,.\ i,
focus<,d on ,I"",, ,,110 bl'C .h, "", "0'
o r> oil< 'pace hem,d,-,,,_ So
Orig< " -, ",mM " ,;nuaU)' the ~"ti""y "f I"""""'. ""<1",,,.<1 with the
cap"bi~t) of fn:c moml nction. m
Thi, fonda,",,"nlaJ (h<lulc,;on I'I~ys all ;O\porl .. " , ""e and i, ,"",,,-
hy mean, of a Com mCtn or' 'he fQllo., ing 1"'-'''''gc "f 1'",,1:
AU thin8l' . -<ro 'I"<.d ill him I"', Clu", l, oiling> bc~'-cn
and lloiJI8l'
io
OIl CI\J\I1. t b;u~. 'bib!< .ud ;u,i.iblc, ~ 1""10,,, II1ro"",. dumi"io,.. , prin_
cipalitie> or I)()I,,,,,. aD ~..re c".. ,ed rloro.,gb him arol ;tI hin~ a"d L"
" b.r_ .,U <=tu",>. ,no:! he i, ,he ~,"" .'"
T hi, I,,,,tioll i, ",ken to ,u!!l;'~' 'hat 'he .cnn '\isilolc' al'l~ ic, to
,,IL" i. co'l"-)","l, ... h~"a, iD\i"I~. (kll()'~' ,,' ha ' i. ;ncorp""'''l'''
T he ",no 'i'l\'i,jb!c' poi"" '"
;u l>o,,,,, ;n ~'h;c~ we """ ' ~Itn ne;,~." "oJ()U' ,,, .. >hap. n<" po +-
~hit;ty 0( 'w<~ noT size. a ' 01>,0.-",(:< P'"""l'tiblc '0 tbe noiJod aJooc
" ~ 1"0_ 1~, ~; 1'<. \9, 1, 1 O ~_ R, :;.

'" Q.oti.. (AI, I. 11" >, .1>0 , ......,,'" n, 21).
~' ..-1I4/1, 13. :1<),
~' _II,It, 17, n
~' .--]<M. I. XXXI; .00 1'-. l~_ 5.
'" I;"'; U,3.6. 11 {.J,~. 12, XXXVI,
m !'W.1I11.1.
... Cf 0>.. I. 16- 18. I'nM_ 1.7.1. Cl. 0._:;. p_ 171_
". ibi,; .h" Not, I. Prt( &-9-, 1.7.1. 1\'.3. ! ~, (A,. \1 , 6-1. \ ' lJ, !6.JtlMor, XllI

wh>:h ,n;vo'" C'n <.U ~h.,,,,..,,. he plea"". n", G"",'" ~ "f ,hi,
'"
~,"''''ncc ., _"'" or i ,...""""".I; 1:>0" ,he di,-j,... II<ril""'''' <oil it
'lo"-;,;bl,, ' ....
TheT" ;. ab" ",fc'-.llcc to anot her p",,'gc of I'oll l. ,,""'dr 2 Cor.
-1.18. ""h,"'" d," tfuti"cr;on I..,,,,.. ,, '''';'Ig''
""b;c], ~ .... """" and
'lhinl{>. "hieh ~n ' ""I s<~n' i, d,..~"-,, . l i e", j, h",",' this is ~'I~aj'wd:
I,,,,,, 'he ,Ioj,,~ "'Nch "'" i" ,i , iblo:: . 'e ",,, o"lr ,"" """". bo" do ,,0<
"",,u f'U-= """"" ,,-Icich admits of th.~ b<illl! ""'''' lb<) "'" ".1..,1
~~ . C;"'.... h.,,, call,,1 '"""ua'" '" ;n,wl"''''.L Hut "". ,hi,,1:' or
,,-h;ch P'ul ",;a, ',.,..". ate "'" -'"", I"""" . ,,",,,,,.., ~hich ,(!rn,,, or
""'iT b<;ng ><Cl'; h, i> "l~auling. hQ"'"'''', ,10", tile), ' f ' ' ..... V' >',
by ,1>00<- to ~'holn ll"'}' "'" p","u>l.'
ThcOlC ''''0 rauli". I"'''''l\~' arc ,al cu '" 'he scriJMuml ha_,;, for 'he
distmctiob I""w",~ i"cor]>o,.",,1 "",I corporeal "",uno 1<) be blade,
Th;, i. ,he d;"'o<liol\ i" [e"'" of "hid. ,10<" ",,,lie.l l,ao""",><I, ,,,,"
of God 10 Ih" ...-""Id (p.nic.ultrly '0 .,,."" i> porWdycd. A, ;, ,,;11
Le ,loo"",, Ia,cr. , h~ .ame per,-"!" ;o,, of God i,"""d)", hi> lr.\J,.'OC"
d" ,, ;, ~ho cXI'T'C.",d 10)" mcan, of th< "0';0" of a'cmpoml;,y,
Accor<i;llg to , Itb <1;";0<';00. ;m';'ible; . wha, ;< incorporeal a nd
1"'01"'" Ca"ool I~' ""'0 by ,."a50" of ;~ '''''''to
0" ,10 .. OIl ... ,. h:,,,d.
'not ,""c '" i, ,10., ..... hieh ca 'lnot b" "'."'~ no' ""c. ,,,c ,hi, i, in",,
I~>re"l hu, Lccau,," il ;, made of a I;j"d of matter "Io;m "aJU ~ ~ he
""'11 by h,umw,. 'l1lU' wha, is '001 """0' is ,"a"ri.ll. wLere,," whl<!
;, ;m'i,;blc ;" in<orporcotJ I>eY"u,1 au)' c"""",cti,,u ",;,b "")' In.'tter '"
all , Th<" <cnn "I',,;,,,a1' is ..,,,,<"lime< """d 10 den"'le "'" ",,0" P"'-
pl;"'n of 'mm.t~ri~lit)".'"
Althou~h ,bi. d;"inctioll ;" "0' .",1)' made, bu, al", <~pl",al",l, il
ha_ ;n f:<c' d;"'ppc.",,1 ;11 the rush of prod llcing L1 tin n:ndu;llp
of O, ;!:"", "'rili"g'. Th,. ;'''';'''',.''''''' of 110" CO"lr"., "-:0, b)" n"d l:uW
o,,<looked hy hi' n"d"", It, ,"'''''o ..... ye' Ih" should "'" nUo" for
on,,,Je,,,h"l! condusio.. , . for ,,,,ta'lCe, "hen R u~n"., P"-""" 0" la ".
'~Not. I\ , l. j ~, Tho> _ d .-,..",,,,,n, 2", K, .. "rn.,u'. M;""" ~ '-' of hi

.. ""I ........,. .. ,,-, I. Pn-[ H, on<! ....01. ,b"" "rho- tnm """"'"WOO', ,bat ~
... 0'1'""".... ;, ""u><d .00 uruu...,.u .... ool) '" m.uoy WO<, ~m~'g> Iou, .!., ..
m)
~
"ri,...11.,,.,.'170-,"-----.PG"....".
&W, An"""" of _ " ill J%., of lhu"",,",. SoM
96.501.
,. Not, 11.3.".
'" Jdfl, n PG 12.1269,...., Cd>. Ill ,",

'" ClIAJ', Ut nu''''.
,ta,e m",,\> "\><"" '" erra' ;",,, Ix.m-. 'h"
onc ,h'" ,,'e ",,, - h< is no
,Io"t" faithful to Orig"", ye' the <", .,jug pi".,,, 'for then: ;" ",,()I her
One ,""" ;"'''il.>lo (" ",''''' ,h",~d l~' ,"<;,,1 ,,-i, h a" ,"ti."...,.. \0 !hi,
,'nICe,1 distinctiot, <l"" OriW"l dr~".. 1>0-,,,-,,,," ',><>1 .....," :md -j",-;oil>k ".
O rig<n stat.,. ,h", " .,'hen the ap'tIc '"y" .ha, C h';" ;, 'he iJl1 ~<
of tht jm'i>iblc God. h" <hoJa,,,,, thilt God j, ju\'i;;ihlc" ,'" 'lllcrtfon:.
"'~ ",bw,,,,,,, "f ,lie TtiI,i,), "hich i. "'~ bfgiouunj! and c.u,", of.U
thing>. 'of ,,-ruch are :ill <I" ,'IP ,nd ,h ""'~h ,..1o"'h . . . . U ,lUng> .. ><.I
Ut "hi<~ 'r<" all th.i"~.,,, "u'" not be 1..1;"",1 .ith.,,- to "'" a bodr
'-" '" <xj~ in a body. bu, lu be ",holly iocorporc",'"
(;.:.1 mu,! 001 b. llOOoJgh ' 10 b. in .,,~ li",1 of hod) , no< '0 ,.,Q" '"
hod), t.... '0 be ';"'1'1< ""diet, ....,] ex.".,,,, . ",In,;"ing ;n h;n, ..1f
of DO od<litio" "h"tnn. '" ilIa. I>c c~n"'" \.- 1..1'0,,,,1 '0 hO'" iJt
"i", ,,,If. mur< Of' b .. but " Uni'y. 01' if I m"y '" '"y. o.,er", ..
,h",,,);!,,,,,, ...~ I 01", 'nuod .",1 r.:,,,,,,
f,oon "Iud, oriP,..,k. ill ;"" ,1,
""'TUoi <';'1<0"'0 Of' ",,,,d, 1'0", "";,1,,, ,y"" ",;,,,1 "",d 1 ~'Y'ic. j "I~'
,n "h;ch '0 n,,",e a,od "1"""0, ,.",. <1<><. i, n<ed magni'''d<' dio-
""oibic ~. ~" O<M<>. nOT oo.UIy '~ ' I" 0' coioo'. '''' a"ploi,,~ doe
".~~"""'"tl _""'" ..
1l... ,... "'hi,'h >(, . ,ohloble [0 ho, li ,~ ""d ""'10<1.
Acronl",gly . .. o.dy ,~, 'J"'''"'' of de;,). if [ m,,!, .., call i,. h" ,I,e
prn;~ of <>i,,;"~ "P."
r",,,, >.lJ ""'0<";>1 i,U,"","" ..... ,.
no., ",;"cl
n<ed. ne. 'P- i" ,..hi<~ to ,n",'" "",OTtI;ng 10 i,., 0"'" n.. u.... '"
~ I o\-i"g along 'hi> I;"'., ",f.",ure 10 '!he ;r",i,;ble a"d ,ncorr<'",aI
G"'r .... is fi''''I ''"''': h< ,,-fel~ '0 ,I", dj,'oli,),. ~-Icidt ',t> "u1UO' of 111<
m'ti""Y of i" 'nC0'1", ,<.1 """ "'c, j. """r,"erl to "" pl,ce. ,n nu
plac< ..... "ncc 't he ,,,,tu re of 'he Tri n'ty ;. o"c ~ nd ;"C()'1~)",~ I.'''''
ft' ~..,. .... """" .. 1Iw I l _. ),12, 10,

.. (:.)I, I . 1~ - 16 : /lW. l\',l , l~ ,
'" Rom. 11. l6 .
... 1_. 11'.3.15 .
, I;"'; 1,1",
... ""'. 1\'.1.1.
.. "'"" 11'.1.1.
"' !hoc, " ',H.

113
IIc";(k,, 'it i. imp<,ibl. to 'P"ak Or" pan <.>f ,,'ha' i. inco'V'-'n:,,1

or.o ",a ru,)- ,li,i. iou in i. ''''' lbc ,;guiliclln of th" n:IlliI,k "ill
b<:c"",~ d~,,, io ' ..... ting Ihe nooo" of co.,,,,,,,,,Ii,)", "'Ioch is nex!.
"lit. ~w/J i, ""'i'M1
A, opp,.....-d to th, dj"ille n",u"" crc.,~)n i, )""",d " 'i' h ,,,,,ner :."d
,li"i nc, i"", ""CI-.or, er-cale,1 thiug , .. "' di,ti"l[IJi,)'cd iD G,.r. ,;gbt h)'
it! bciHg co<r(;"e<:l "ithi" a Ctt1ai<l nu",~ 0' on,,,,",n:, .ha, .. , .i, ller
"um",," in ,he cas<: of",,,;o,,,,1 h.. io~, or "''''''O''-' ;n ~,~ '"',"" of hod-
il)" m""cc"- ,,hich m~'<c, "I' ,he )~>di~. of r~ , io,,,,1 ~rt;.""",.. ,ill~.
all of 11..-", ""m"kc u'" of bo<Ii",~.'" h,nt,,,. "". loo) ha,. , d,,,p,,"!"
" h e,.,. bo:xI;' i, ",ad,' of ",alld ' "lid ha, ~,ha p" "nd ,;,e ami colo","
which ""n: pro""nic< <.>f I>odic .... "" .\lo'''''''cT,
To "", ""J 10 I~ ' "'eo;' a prol,,.,1) of t.o.Ik" ,,'hi.cL ;1 ",."IJ ct' ....
u;nly "'" ('" right ,0 "pply .,;,h" 10 th< ~." I"" 0' '" th~ So .,.. t..
oh. 11..-.1;' SfHrn ;" thcir ",1.0,;""" ~ ;tI, 01>< IOOOtlo, 1'", 0>< Tnnity by
it. ,.. ,ure ""'''''''DC\' oh,' limit> or,;,;"", o.Iohough i, 8"""" i, '0
m'-"<
"'00 "re il, bodic., ,hlOt ;" 10 oil "'M' crcature>, ~>< p'o/rt) "f)Cing
..... " 0"" by ""om..,. 1\,, [ ;""''l"""aL ""d 0.1"".. aJl ;,n<lloc,u:J ,,-,' u'"
.. cap.h!e of ""h;ng <\'" but '0 tu""" .,.,J 10 he ' n",,'n ,'"
,\, d'-"i><>i,,, i , i, dearly I.... "tcd ou' tha, the "-"1'""io,, ',h..,... "ho
"'., ill bodie,' ;nd;"~,,. 1h,' ""';"'1)" of Cn:~ ''' fe, in aU "o.." k, of hIe.
T h i, i, ,he con'c" in "' bid> ,h" di"incti"u !)ct,,'c< n ,bing< i,n;,"
ihl<' ,,,,d 'doing> <ro' >Cell mould be " ndeTSlOod. 'Il" tLing. "",cd
by Paul as 'no! ",,"n' , IIOuld be "<I,le<""oo<l '" no' .><. not b<"<"aus<'
'h", .'" n"t c'I'.I~" nf being .. e n. t"n simpl' I"",.,,,,, it i, Que
1'h)~ical "metU Te i" ,bc huma" mu. of lifc ,,bieb doc. not allow
'he"" ,ltiJlS" to be ""'" b)' ,a.""
,. J"trM, "','.i
'" 1'rrM, 1\',1.8.
'" II-W, 11 IO.~ ,
'" Jhoo-, 11 U ,
'" J"trM, lLi l,
... II-W, lI.l .6.
'" T bi, ph".,," "NU""";' dirn,'dy rrl.. ,e<! ID n><><al..-...., (&.cu.. dU, l.o".r.
on "'"''''''''''0 the;,I<> ~ ~"''''''''''''' <>"",,',

ClIAJ', u. nil''''.
'" \\'0 ""ould .L<o nolice ull< more property applied (0 bo<lilr nature,
which i. ultimately. p"'J>C11y of the ""rid ;""It: -,hi.
nature [,.,.
,b . 1.00,1), one] i, 1"",..,<1 to 10: rba"geable ,,,,d <o,,'er" ~I, by ,be
'cf) condition of I,. b<-i,,!( <"ro:~'r<l for "ha, ,.,.. , "'" ~nd b<K.ll' 10
be i> by ,hi, ,-or,' fac' oh"",'1l 10 1>.: "f a <-"" ugeabl.: n"'ure",""
-]l,crcfo",. 'r.ti",,.J natu re i. ch.~l\gc~blc and o01" ,,";hlo:' .... It i.
""""" I agaiu ,I"" ">iJlC~ '''C!Ie r~li()WlI being:;, which "" "'c >aid
abo,-. wc"" made in 'he beginning, ,,-e .... 0" <1,, hdOf< 'hey ":<;',,d.
hy ,hi. \'C!) fact .hal 11",) ,till n01 ,-';st and ,hen I><'ga ll 10 eli.i.l ' h"~
..'" of lleceW'y . ubj<"" to chang< " " d ait,,-. ,;o,," ,'"
I Ll '" the n >cc th e )"ci Ll';OU> o u' of Ih""" ~ .. crtion' '[">ut
CO!O,,:;,L1Y
Siuce inrorport3i umutt: "ab be "pplied to Go><! aiM" and " life
",<110'" a bod;';' lound u' ,10,' T,-jni,y .100"'"''''' ,,,,d "bodil) ",,"",.
....a' cruo<d u'" of nv'I'ing .r,,,, ~ "!"".,.uf l im~ and hmuSI" i,lt"
he:illg from u(.,..:xi>lcnce:"," " it f<,lIo",~ ,w.iglu ,,If tlrat the eu t ir~
'world' ;, ",aterial. 1 put tlb, ter", iu q<lototiou ma,k., I"",n\l'"
'",,,,,er' io <hi, case has" b.oader "'o.ou,~: ~,i. i, ,he "un "0' oo~y
of I>oo:li.:; "",'n. bur " Iso ' hose '" .,. se.,,'. Th .. f"'" i. pos8il,I,- 8;or"
mat~rial ",i)"ane'" "",,,,>CO .~d, a na,ur~ 'hat it e"' '' "nderl(\> ", ...y
'ind uf tra ll ,f" ) ro",'~,,, . \\bcll rhi, i. d",,,,,, d"",,, to I",,-.:r beillgs it
i< formed i",o the sroo""r and mOre .()I~l condition of bod.,. "",I
"",.,..' '0 (1i>,i"ll" i,lri"1! 'he ,;,ihk 'I"'ci... of ,b" "u.ld in , 11
rh~i<
\ori<1y. 11<" "'h~,, it mitri,'~", to "''''. pcrfc'Ct and b"".xl b< ings i,
,hi,,,,. i" (h~ 'IMndour "f 'cd~,,"'1 b,... ~ "" and ~do"', ~ith,-r lh<
'angels "f God' or the ",n. "f,h. ",.urr<eti"n'" ",ilh ,h~ gannc,,"
of. "piritu,,1 body'.'" ,\11 tire:..: bcir,~." l(\> '0 make: up the dj,-.: ....
aod ,.ricd """diu"" of ' h" on~ "urld'."" Th" is ", by LII<,, is ,"f-
""""" to '. ' .riet)" ~ " d din'''';t) of bud ..,., out of "'hid, ~ ",,,1,1 i,
al .....)'. '~)mpo~I"'' 0",1 1h~ di,-ernt.,. of tll~ ...""Id call1''~ ,00" apart
.. Iho< IV.i,a
'" nvJ'
.. 1_. 1I . 9 . ~_
'" I;"'; 1J.2.2.

'*' IINI. Tilt e~ 'all<< . ...... e of ti .... ' >1>00 1<1 b< rt~nl<d '" "'" ''''''''''
or ~I-u, I leo,',
~ .00.. d... ,~.",..ru .... of tN'Upo<aI 1<1'm' in ,10. fI ....
~, 1'nM. 11 .'-'_
... 1 CO(', 15. ,
'" er I..... W. :16; 'b," 2:1. :!O .
.. 1'nM. 11 .2.2_
~. fhoc, U,13.

from l;oodi., an,l 'lx>dily n.tn", "dm',. di"H'" "nd ,ano". cMngt"O
to .""b an e~t"'t thm i, can L"UkTgo "-cry kiml oftmmfomwion:'"
T ),,..., ;, ","" ",r","",,(~ to '..,en 0< "O! see" (,..,~tio,,.'" a' w.-side the onc tIle "-' "'<.
For th e,"" i.
a"other onc """. i",i .i],lc 'OIL"'" ",,<1 "I',ul indeed 1;."0" that the
c",a,io", of G",I arc maul' ""d ;n"ur"om],lc, of ", hic h <Cl':11 he had
"ot ...,0.,;,..."<1 rot,,,,l"te ,,",ov.-iCllgt, only "",,;0.1 100owle<lgt" ,'"
'1')><: c",t<q"ion of th .. '''odd' "" maleri:d ,. fn"d''''''))(al tor !h"
o"~rall ""dol'>t"nding of Orige n', thoughl.'" It i, ."rely P<""> ,bk to
COfT(~)()"'te 'he fo,,"going l~ri11lS of La,i" "all..hti,)", frOIll I)()rt;o",
pr,se,,-ed ;0 G,..."k.
I" "''''''11'''' . ,he'" i! rcf"",ut< to the 'worhl' 1""""",- whic h h,..
bc.'" In"'!' '",.Ieria/' iI!..,~ 1"""'' ' ' ''.
all'! h ... ','a";o,," pl~ce.
.;""~:; f'x.. S,,,<p<ipo~:;) .... m" of ,,hieh "" Im.,. "hu"", uthe ... arc
hip,cr ,it\' iiv n", ,<i'O L Ol " .,"' ~a, aUo, 0\ ",...'.; ",11
.11 th"",
"j>Llt<.' of 'h" world . ho ldd t." ",gar<k<l '" bting ,,10"'1\', "" long '"
'ht") an: cO"'l'arc"<l "'i,h "h"t 1$ 'imm.,e";aJ .Old it"'1$ible "od ;ocor-
porcal". T he "-'r'" '<lo"u' I"" 'tt'" "" ,nud,,, 'I,.,;a) '"guifi"'",,... ""
<OOO~"'" <,j'q>\, but denote. "'c qualiliUirt ,uI)Crio";l~ "f the i,,,, ,.ih1c
"ud ," c"'1>OT"<al nature o..-er the c"'1~,rcal (m< 00"" 'U '''''' ,a
"<ipa,,, <>u-p:~i~ .. ,. Tbi. i! tbe se"", in " Itic h iuco'1>OfCal "'''u", ,;,
f~ o."uh",,) 1$ 'abo,~ "u ,h,. h,.,wn, . Henre "U , I," ''''''''01'''' of
the "",Id .shQuld he rog:.rdefl a, Ix'ng 'nh.hi,.,,,,, ~ ~ place be,ng
.. 1lW. 11.1 t .
.. c -:> ..... !~ ,. ... N_, J . 10.6. T.t'. ,,",,"<I, h., o/X"d pod
" .. I"""" rh"" I.... ,,!,u, ,,,,,W "' .... ofOrigcn', _'I<)' dU<l<~ !um, < . ~ _ ....
thirID ong.,,, .....uin, ."..,..,,0''''"'''' of .".,.,' p, 90, 0. 20<\' .od ' ''' """oIiL,,,1
"mu,.,.,,,,,, ofth< moc'" di~ _~n __ .....,,' and Ut,~' . It ~-;n!Ht
~ .... un><"ntiI. n~>i<odini I"" ;n ~h ;p~;U"" lo.<w' = '"iniuenc<"p"'
)"''''!l'' ond ""''''-'.I)' ~~,n' "h,""",- Cf.""';:" "","" ....;". '" (I,;, ,ri",-;,,"
in ~ C " ~ '" ... I~ " IN 11_ ,...... ! 5, ">n"- T , "d...-t. bo<,.t
O<"n.., I., - . O{ ... !Md. '1'1... C."""'" U""~M)' <of ,'uu.ri<, p,,,,,,- W...J..ngron,
20(11, p. ,t, n . 2ll2: p_ 3H , n . :;n Iikc>.w, Ut ar".... c ' ........... f~ ..
... _ &M., 6-JQ. """J. T 5<00-'< . W",",'I:lO"Io 2OO~, t', 168. n.231.
" c."" fry ..... ~ .. IM _ , 1.12.10.
,, ' fW .. 7.Il. II;;,u". 0.....
", R. "om" like '" m.m) , ."""-~.,. r,~ I!""""'.! th., ~'h ,,, Orig<n ~n.,,;'.,.
,, '~orld' ~." ''''''', of ",oo.w ,,';ri,,' .' rit" P. liB "hich ''''~ '''~ pp,
l ~ ~,. IW=n,,,. 1' C. B<gg. G . l"'""-cJU, It. Crowrt .It. S''' .. k'';, t~ 110- I"l~.
.00 o<ht.., "" thU ...".. "'" "'"'" "" bo. oimibr to ,h .. ond "'" d ..,..,..,! ;n 11....
-~.

nn''''.
'" ClIAJ', U.
'down', <'n:r> if
'.,Y
,h".,. ~"e
~.'>I'&"'" MJ..(,~,
in
"'"
'he high"" rank of life ,......1 "';p
'''P<PX''I'''.'v ... , opoo",,{pw, ;~ '"'"
.0:,,,
'"'' OO"V, .(iv '" <>V(>'pi,,,, '''''''''' i. , ... ,;,,"',,;,., fUn""~.'.'''
Wc ..... , ,1><",&",:, "'~, (hc i dose ;""1'<;<)""<<<<<1"",,, 1><;,,,,<,,,,,
th e Ik>1ioll ' of k",k/ alld ep.mW!J. Thc lerm "'-wkl', Wh~nC\lOT ,,,,,,I,
implie. co'1..,rcali'j". It rollow, 'h", dt., 'hi' tenll "'UUlOl be u"",1
in ~~1'"",0o> ,oeh '" 'Sl'irih"d "".hl' or a ''''orl,1 of UI(o'l",,,,,,1
r~'ior",1 "",.tu"" Ix("", ,;mc", F".. "'h",
i, >p i rilu~1 i, of I>e<C","'~
inct>ll'oreal. "h~r<a. wh., refe" to tll< world i, of HOC"";'r <0'1>0-
"",I. SpiriHI31 I,h., i., illC_"'1>o,,,.1 \if,- i, ,',chl~"< to t he lkit)". The
' ocru" """,/4 alMI ~ Ith'" i., illtorp"",a] "'" incompatibl, "-;Ih
,,,ch ".1 .... , T hi, i, ,,'I ,y ~,er~ "' "" ,.".,m for exprt<'iotlS ,,,c h ...
"1"';"1<11 "o.1d", "hiell C~ " ",'O k. no ..,,,,,. ill Ihi, f,..~"w of rh o~g h "
Urigco 'kfinitdy mO'-e' in a S'oic , ... in ill 'akiDg 'ho ';0,," ,)~"
c",,,,,,d rmiooa~,)" i. ,dway. aDd note""ril)" "mboo:ti",1 in man"L Thi .
~'oie ten,,' w"' >tU "-,!><et of 'hoir doe'riu< ,ha' ",a11er ;" pcm,e.,1
,,,,d comrolkd by a r"non,,1 principle. According 10 'he S1Oic' , the
uni,,",,,,, had it, oriljin in ti",: I~" lhi. WllS ' .... , a",,,.. amo,phous
bla .., it cmbodi.,j a con ,rolling pfi""ipl~. '11",. tho "ho)o nllin ....
i> organizo,l ".. i,h ...... ,ioual cnd in ,'iew, """,cl.,. '0
pro",ote ,It<
good of rmi"",,1 '''''''''' '''', inc]u,Lng "",,; "nd it> ,,,",,rail rmj"""liry
i> r<'"produ(<
r.,io,,,,1 >I",elure a",1 g<m,noing priocipk, bu, 01";" ,,,1-,- ""ODe pan .
of i, an:: di"ingui>.hed b)" h..,ing a ratio"oli,)" of 'h<-ir 0,,"", and are
(alled '",;0"""""",' Oil ,hi> .""0""''-
Th e qualilati.-o <iil~'m,e. of the ",,-,rid ,i .... ,i.

'he <iil'i"" lif< i,
p""",d 'hrough the ,,'o.-d ',10"'''''''' aaordi"g to 'h" foregoi ng
d "",,,-,,,,,,, , -]l,,, ",n" notiou ;" adu",I","c,1 by mC'.. ". of ,be ..-"rd
.-afUJ.Io.I.~. ,\n acroum of 'h i' npp"a .... ;,-, I'rinr.
. ' ~ '9, XX ->flUD<n(uog on J<-"'" 8. 23.

IW,

Slid. ,he,.., ;, ,
I""'" ",hid, I do ,.n ,hi"k "'~ o..gh. '" P"'" l>y liglod)-.
'"
,.1 ,1.", i, ,ha,
,1" holr ""; I~ U"'" 0"1 the rouu,lot;,:m of tlk- worM
by. n.-w .",1 p"""Ji. , '';vu', ""u'nJ; it """,Mo! Thi. won! i , ''''<)T-
ru)" IF,,,,>l.,cd imo ["";0 by "",.u.n. or f",,"d;.,iun, for '"",/J<Moj
;H G,w, .." , .. I"" "". ~gtllfic. , ",, ' of iN_. d.., i., 10 c,"" ~. ".
w:u-do., a,I(I"," we 1",,-. ... id. u..;."",<,h- Ten<i<,,-,I ;'110 I.>,in In , ..
.>/#0"', AI) <>'''''1'''" ocr,,,, il, , 11< s<"J'<1 of JoIu., "-I ..,,, tl", s.,,-Ooou-
"')~ ',1.1,,1 'h<f< .b>ll be lrit.ulloUoo ill ,I....,., <1.)-" >o<h '"' loatb UO~
00::0 trum tt" loo"d","" uf ,Ile ~.."..r, '" 11= 'found.tio.ol' and.
!Or .ro,aM~ .nd ,I... m.. " , ;u~ of ,hi. 0<"" ,n,,,' 1>< ",Le" la be ..
""plain<"d .1.,..... ~Io ... .".. ,. the ",.,.,le .... ,I ,he ",nl<" ,..ord in the
..
'p~tk ,,, the ~~,bc>i." ".~<" I", "'r>. '\\'100 doo>< 0' 1:><fo", lh< r",u,
,uo.:.. uf "'" ",orI<l",'~ !Or """'. _. ,10< 'founrnOOoi "'l"<""'" mro,Bo).oj.
"I,;d, """t I.. take" 10 I""" <I", ""ne ", "ilog .. ,I ... , !p",", ;" On'
"",,,,,,,,,,00., ab",,,.'"
Th ... "fen"er 0", of ,h" ,ij""""jo" ;; ~l" .. " ,lcsc.:n< , ' ,of all al,ke
f"rm from high"r to 1Q,,,,r <onrut.m. "pp"a" ,n Ix indica"d by Ihe
lUcall illg of ,Iu. ,,-onl mm/lolq,"' "
The ... "'<mid be "" qu""jo" abou, ,he au,h"",k;'J" of ,Iili poi", .
i"er ,I). "'"le",,,,,,,,nil'g appca .. it) "'''''''loll . in d,, e~posilio" of
,he qual,,,,,;, ... diJf~,,o ... ' l.."",,'n CO'I>orr"L'~ ~ " d ;'O<<nl"'''',.Jj(). :\,
'he pvi '" ,,:here Origc tl ~'); ,ha, ...., .ho"ld 'in" 'cn .. ' ~'"'' '' "'IV
<>~~m."" ..."IV I" tcrm the St.u of G,~l him""lf~, 'world' I KOO~"",.
The ,un, "OO~o; i. "",,1 It "", '" a r"e,a~hor. in order '0 i",lica,"
,I" , 'multi-dec."",'ed' "'is<!oo. of(-;",L '1'1"" he ~tb,ms ~.al 'h i< "''-0<~1'
;, but lhe $vn of C<><l. ',he I.<>g<'" whn i, perfectly apa" frvm ""Y
m~ltd,'" Thc,,' i, 1\(I(h i,,;( if> comm",. I~', ..-e"t\ tl"" ,,,,,,Id'. !lich
;. '\Jp '. "od " "r ,,-,,rld !liclt i, ',10,,'''' . bei ,,~ a ."ra{JoAq froUl ,hat
higher worl<i. Hi, opiuion " 'hm il i, no, "<oi<lo:",,,1 d.at ', lte ,aim, '
I""',, ',,,,,,",,1'his w'm' \tO ~o d.o""" ...... ' '''' '' '''1), "".u~~~
" 1"" 1""""" o,tribuml '" Jo/'ID , i, >c'..or 1rom .\1" """ '. 2'1. 21. "''"'''' r.--
.",,. th< " _ ...,.j i, dJll"!, "'" ."mjI....uj. In (Jr . th< ,.".... .-.-.m,fIo:Wj OM""" Ht
.11m. 13. 3;, 2>. 31, L" .... 11. SQ,J<>Im. \1. 2', f:ph_ 1. '; Iko, . ~, 9. ~'6, I
"
~,. oo.;.,w,
li>h, I _
,,' J'trN. 1I1,!d .
-J_
"<'ltr I. 20. K,,'. 13, 8, ' ). 8, 11.. Cl""',.,'" ou U" I.,,';"
"0"'"' ' ""d
"""'"'''\I
bj' RUMu" To.-.,w. ~~""n pvi.., C>.-W" <It,1o
"id> do. ~'rip<unI "'" of u.. krrn orurujW4 in 19. XXII ,
of .vm/JM'
"""'. III.H.
, .-J<Im. 19, XXII.
,~ JI __

nn''''.
'" ClIAJ', U.
in o,.,l~r 10 nl'tffi! 'he ""ne"pti"" 5,0\. 101"it<~, '.;0"''''''1 of ,he

"orld as b<ing ',10",'''" , For d' e) " '""kl ha,.., i,," ..
id '''''f"r. ,I...
"na l;" " ~rio ~ of lh. I>",ld-, yet 'h~., ,lid "0' "'Y iQ: ,h,,,, ""i,1
'Ikw,. Lh e b,~l>oI< "fdlc ""rId'_'"
The tonn """,/l<"."i lil<F.~I) m,a n. -th",,,,, d" ..,,' , It, lh <I'<[,),""
implie. a notion of foll. Thi. io wb) (h;' ",m i. Ill""o"i,;,ble '" a
"'ripn,ral loa,;' Ilhough nol 'he "nly Obe) 10 "'bid, Orig<>u alh"I~.
whcnw<' he ...." ." 10 hi" do"., ;nr of FaiL -nr noti<)" .,,,,,If
ittdicm""
Ill .. tll< rn"t"r~,1 ,,-orld 1",,1 I><gi nll ing aDd i, i. dcar ,ha' pR,,'i_
,!ential <'"';.'" had a b.'ginning. 'oo, U"".. ",,-,. hi. ,;""" 011 ,hi.
qU<'tion ha,-e been ,,;ddr miscu '''I'I'<hc1l(bl. Tbu. hc lo"" Ix-cn
a..-ril>t<l :' DOb"" or '"'~m:~ ",..",001' ill " 11,1O"x "."",; tha' i" "
,wi"n of a \k'g;"";n~lc" "mid "f 'pi, ;.., Onl of" h i~h the F.n
,n,,,rrro.
My a nal)..... hitheno h","< madc clcar that ,,,ch all oJlcgat;olt i.
,dtogc<LcT ungroundcd. 1l",,cYcr, . incc thi> c],j n, i. "'cU <lltr=d,c,1
a'''Ollg scholar>. an,l ,;n<~ the quat;on cor the .Mill"'" of me world
i. <""'If '.,]:.I.<d (0 Orig.,,. ("{O,,,,,,,,!ion of ';m,'. I sj,all d,,,n 0"
f"nh", di"''''''on of th;" .ubj "'" in the on",ing """lion. 00 ,10." ')"11
no ,~)ul>1 . ho"ld ren";,, tha. litis ..Jiq'l,uio" is c"brei.,. CTTOUCOU .
"' .10/>" 17. 2-\. ,"'-

(.tI ,lj'n:R FOUR
'B[(; ['l:'\ I1\f; t ESS \\'ORLD':

A ~I\" r ll R ECO:'\SlIW.RED
O ng< o" "I);oi",,,,, aboo' th< 'dora,;on' "f croa,ion ha\"O be<" " "''' ,
'eT of OOl"",yersy. ,i nc~ a "otion of "...called 'e'om it)" of th e "wl<1'
I"", beeu .",ribed ,,, him. Thi,;, oue ofth~ main I~)i,," "" "hieb
O ng<n;,m Of. wh" wa> 'hO\lglll W I,.. O rigeo', ,ho"gl" ,,'" con,
d, ","c"<l.' ..... ,;n,.. prop<"", d.f"'c-d in d",, ",b,;o" '0
'h< world
("hid, J .hall di ....~, ... pr.><,,,,/),, hi, "pini"n "I""" , 10 . 'd",,,tio'" "f
'he " 'orld "ffe'h directly bi, ,;cw of tim~. }\""I)";" of tLi. i",,< tLcu
;, critical for a proper 'm<kr>''''''lirtg of ,hi; "'''01010' of time.
I" cam"" iug the que"iou of cre.,ioll h."ing a beginni llg or uOt.
,,'~ ,I",u ,,,k,. ;" '0 "CCoo '" ,he f:t<"( ~'''' ;, ; , cmg"" h;",.df "ho
e.lI, Lhe ",,,d~<. ~ttentj o " '0 ' he MIC", ,, , oigt, jti.c~' i",n; dc,l(>tcd h)'
'he tM'~ iu which ,"CrI" aT< used' ThL" he is ,,1;',< '0 ,he fi.et ,ha,
'he Imperfect ,. ,,,. ,b,o, ,,' h"t ,,'It' aI",,)~ cxi;ting (Iik. '"",'; thi;
" 0.1", "'ha, he I..,hc~ ... ' .hou ( ,1" . 1'..--,."" "',..., :0, i" ,he c"",, of
i,. "'loch tleoo"" the tu""I,." lo.:iug of Wisdom. ;" 'he "",,'e "''')'
'" ,.,. <1<",, ', ,\ , <>j'I..... ,d 10 ,hi. rli,,ion. he i. ron..-iou, 01 " 'h:;! the
I'a.' ten", <lell<>lo,,' i, illdicalc, ,,'ha, h "I'I"''''~ 31 "" inddmilo
m"l1lenl in the p ..t, ,\ ,;rnibr ';e .... ;" f".",,1 in the U'IOIC'Iary ...
IN 50"1 'If 5o"l~
IIN-."", of "'"' ... \h,,",,(o,,. i, i, .id 10 ,I", hol, bod, "r the Un,."
' Ho", 1o," ' I~ loa,,, thy ch".k< 1""".,,<['. ,\,"1 "01;',. tro, H. iliol 1101
.. ,' ' 11.", 10,-.1,' }01" ,111< .,e!' bot ' 11.", Io,-.Il- ...... ' hy <~ ... h
....- .. 11< "1<3,,, '0 . 1"", , ha, ~.v. K"," '" SO ",,"-clj-'.'
, Cf, f.-.,.m<"'~ , K'Id><luu I'romJ""""""~ IMh M .. ~ L.... 5? ~ "",,,,,,,,,,,,d

in ru, ""'''''' ,.I' "'"", on 1.~.1O. """ r,. 10 '[''"'" 'h< '-<>0< ~riun!! ,.rJ.";""" '"
"""''I''''''''"~, ,_, I, U .
, )i/":. ll, .--&00, 3 rom"","M.o; "" (;;on. I, 1&--11\,: <>.p"*', 5. - ;_. 2,
I, ~, 11, 2. XIX, ~'<), XXII, )i)Juo. I, )i]oM, CX ...1 CXI. Cf. '"fK w.".,-in~
..n.Ml<, ~ ~ "''1' muo;h .Jj,., .,'h< iUf"'<.oI ,;gnl/i<,,,,,n ,.r !<u"",
' C~fiL.t, ~ ,
Th.. "",,! :..;,.""", I'.. ~ T,."... ~kTaUy...-an . Jo.ktiillt<.
, R.P. I..~~. Of. ~'t., p. I"'; H.Iico rnin<-. In I.Jo 'h< mt. ;,;n d... l'corn,
l'etfw "' """ I.. "' U.. C""" ''''', 00 "I.;.:h O'W" """""",,1>, tl", ''''" i, ,n th<

'"
T he """I)"", Oil 'h" ac,u,,1 implication. of the I~Tm -oc""me' lill
m;,TlOncc to 'he Ingoo 1><;0/; 'wi,h ' God) dcmo r"'m'~ an aw","clle "
of the actual signiocal;,m of ,I ... le""" a,,,1 elucidate d"",rmioa,;,'e
""""'-'. Tlli, i, "'h~ J m~i"t.,il\ tl ... , ~ I'hilol"!!ie~J .".I;-..i.
uf Ori!!,'n',
1<nni ll<~<>g;' can p,<)\;de ,ign ifIOlllt up,},,,,,, ab"", hi, authentic I'i<..",,,,
For ,,- hen he ,,',:> Ion"'. C>l)("ci.;ljy ,"rh . he i. panicullrly ,"cticu_
10'" ill ""pee' of tLe p hil",oJ>hic,.j a",1 'hN.OI(,~icdl iUlI'~ca,j"",
e"miletl hy 'he ""Y Ih"'" ""'''' "re ,,<o<d.
In 'he b<gi""ing of 1" ""clion ,,c SO" 10",,- he interprets dw
",rip, ,, ...1 I.u'gt~,ge. a, ",<11 a, how he """,he. h;" 0''''' ,-ic", "'~""
rillS to ' he (~,'iuc heing ;'>elf. It;, he hUll",lf,,-ho ,Iraw. 'he ",add.
a",m;on !O the ,,'" of "crb> or ' he SCriPIUm! 1.,,,S',agc ,,))(1 eX,",,
, ;,-.1)' rdl,,"" through romid.r".iono of this kind.' l.et It'
theb .. e
ho" he use, I~ngua!:<, himself in ",f.,, ,te<" to ~w 'ereati"e n')'';O''' '
of God " 'ith Ihe world_
Ongcu', ,Loctrin< of the di,in. being ha> e.n,i (l "'I>cct; which
R'" quite d ...,: \\"imm ,,", timeie;o,))" in (",od "pan from an)" e,("
al;'",. b.: it 1'<"<>"id""ti~1 o. "c'u"). 11,i, means 11,,\ God is "i,,,absed
"I,"t fr"''' 'my e",--",;ol' or ""e" Iq"' of e1"<:al ion. H, ''''''te,1
heea",", I", ~'ilWI ""'_ \\",ocIorn 'wa, it( h<",lf it( "0 ",I..;on to an)"
one' "~i,, ~_apJ:<>U"" o';;;q!i". Ot''''' _pi:.; ,,,pO. fLm .ix<v " I"hi,
;. the ' WC in which G(~I is <onc<:;,-cd in Him,cH: u(~ '" Creator,
h is 001 of God', Jui>iM '" nWJ> ,I"" u,. Son of God, .. Wisdom.
'hecame' l""b~rw<; 'God', t><nCH>letlt d<ci,io n' .~&'. i", on,l
"'-..'",cd (~fluv~~,1 .nd ',,'ilkd' (<\6&"".., 'to c,,,.hh,h a en'ati,..-
,d:lti"n to fLlIUr.- ","""tUr<:. ,a. iol.!o,_", '.' ere",i"" ,h,'n i, hut,
prod uct of nu ' cl of ,."Iit;on. T),;' act th.n ;. f"nd,,,,,mall), imbuc,l
by Ihe ..se" li,,1 p""lieal~ of (fJl1~. \\'hieb ,uo"n, ,I,.,
bad the
d;"' ne " ill ,,'i,h,'d OIher,,""". it <o"ld ha", hrought it ahout Ihal 11><
world C\.,., cam. i",,, exi""(l'" at all ,
'n,;" point call. fo, I'anic"br cun~deratio(l , ,\hhu"gh I "hall "'l(Ue
for Ongcu" u"",,-ati,-< conception" tll<- d,xtnllC of c"'~t; o" out of
p.,. """,", 'n", _ Coot. I. 10 " .... U' .. , 'd "",~, 0\ OLO""'" 0"" '"
,~ ,pOW-/>; <KW ",I>wlo>-;;, 11>< ,~",!Om> ~'lU<h C>;;g<" ",""" 00' ~
~v.

~J.h<-; , XIX;ftJoOo, I; ....r, 9. ' .
, ft}Hot, !. <Wo" o.~'''''''1'''''
, ItN,
l tiol,

'"
IIO,h'''g ap!","" ill him ,,'" '" !Om,. h;"" like a p.nhclI<'g"nni .
TIoCT' w", ;ndccJ had,grollnd 10 the i<lca alKI it ,hould be 'akeD
g""""d
fo r ,ba, (}rig." d,,,, he:,,-;Iy Oil ,h" ''''"litioro.
Ofigo'" undcrs'~nd; 'he '-I'Q'iotl of [h,' ,,"'0'1,1 '"'' a, !he ""[old
illg of" ,,,,mic ",,,,nee, b,,, a, an act of "Ai,io". Th .. coneep. "f
frmu,m 'If ,,;;/ "",,,Is in tho: cort of tbi. doc,ri rl" of crea,ion. ]" 'he
fm. 1''''' the 00';011 of fre<:(~"" poilll<.1 to .h. finite hu"," .. I>CT'
""M~'Y. rt'ganlctl in i" bl""'] .""ion . ,\crordiug ,,, ,\mtot lc. t'rtt
dom i. ,I ... c~l'''''il ) 10 d><>me among diffi-re'" rbul, gj"cn oplio"...
,,;,), ou, ,,,.,rcion by <""mal I',cure or c<>"",.inl With ,he
P.pirurt ...., frcc,lo", rccei,'cd " mowl' il )"ical import; i, "." ' he
""eau~ .>",ion of a ",uonal ,,,I,,,.no,,,
Tlti. panicuiar notion of netion emerging OUI of ,,,,If'l1loti,-a,ion.
,,01 0\" of an) co",,,,,I,;m,, it) Christia.n;,y Io<k", 'he fo,.,,, of en,
.,Wn 'x
.;;';/0: (he u"".",,<>; 'he world
;, a, i, ;" bern"", God ",ill lhi! 1<} be so.
J"" .. I ,nigh, "'y ,h. r "'. ""', <hi. <,,,,,,,, he " ,odonoood '" me'"
,h." .... ,'xi" .. . "'''11'' fOT "'" ~<lIk 11. hd)' ir "" . Iifi of God ,h.11
,,~ ~"';,t; il i. lhe V.," of , .... <.: ..... ,0.- who ~ilk<1 ", to .-..i". ~ ... "'-'"
""< t'et rh., "'" ab!< to d" ",,)ilting .( .n, 'u lhil,' and 'o ,!",ok,
~e
~, . ,~, throo'gh hi. t;ifi ....1 fl<u<roo;,) ." . . . J"" "" "",. F.,h"," gi"" [;1;.
t<) "'hr>m he "'lI/; ",,,I ,he Soo, gi"e' life '" ",I."," 10" u','~, ,,,d j",' "
~O< roth<-' h .. life in hu,,><lf ."d hc h., ~"""c<1 '0 the Son '0 h.",'
I;fe in h;",,..lf," "" 01,., ,I.,. l"'" 'hot the F.tI"T gi''''', ,hi, the Soft,
. 1,., gi'"'' On< ,buuId " .... ~, uf rou"", t h.. all ,b., bwo.u bciog>
"",~ f",,,, God" t',n Fot ""q L,,, toud';ng ... drl~ . For "t.o L..
fi", gi,-.n 10 him ,,,,,I ;1 ~ill he p.'~ bad to hlm' T ... ",f",~, ~hal
cV<', Iv ......"" "'" .... is h.., by 'o::oning i, [TOO" IiIo d. ohw' is
""" oriJI Ix.fomw, i, of l""""
Thi> i. the ,mtjor ""n,,,,,,,," bc,wccn Chri"L'ait) aad 11atoTl " ""
(;",1 <,..,a,e, !to. m,I)' "''' of "OIltiug, lot" al<o OUt of grace, ,I"" is,
ou, of ",,'e, ' nu,, i. no,hing (Q COntlwl h int (0 do w .
N c... .... '"!> .. a. ,:';'11< .. ,., - . ' . 5.~_

, l.w., ' .111.
" er.JOO,,~, 21 .,.1 26.
" c... ......, .. fir
" Tb. _""n~ portion
.. At ",_,
<:';'11< .. ,., - . . 10.38_
j,. rornpil.o'"'" r"on Orig=~ c.......'"!> .. ,.,
nO' ;","" ." "'"'''' ..., """'"'"..,, tIIi> ""nc"",
t"""

,\, I "'id, the i'k:a of the ",wld ILwing Ixgillllillg io n()t all
illno,"i(~, of Ori~,,:r" It em'oo .ltc:tdy ill p"";c.,, ",ri<c .. , in dillh"'"
fom" ,.. ,d , 'ari"oo" . 11 .. u,ual to an" ,hal Ihe G,,ek. ,u",,,ined
till' idea of ~ " -,,rid " ';I I",,,t Ixgi,ming "lid ,hi, hold, to,,"
for I'bto
a"d hi, immedlli,e ,uc",""",,,, ,\";'totk. SI",,,,iPI''''_ Xenocmh", For
th eu,. ohe lIui,,,r>c i"ed from all eternity. H",,'''-er, hc,;d~ 'h<
",~jori'y of I~"'ou',.. , ,ben:: ",3. " ",'"ori,y. "loo taugh, tha, lh<
" 'orld had a ",~I b<-gi"oillg. I" ,h i. minori,y on. can fmd 1"'1Y>~'
"htb ."ch 1 1u,~rch ~nd ,.\"in .., ,,'100 ~,g u cd Ih" 11.... "ort,1 had
a "",I i><gim'ing, thQugh ,,()t p"ri,ely a t>egi" " ing in lim~ a, ",'.
w.,.., i~ A. f'" 111 ilo, Ioi. W~\'Crill!! !>o,;ti"n 011 the i"ue i, ,lioc"",,,,d
furth,dth.
0" 1he othCT haud. 1he ~ u ohof of \\'i"l",n " "'Y' ",.",Iy (hm God".
all-1KM"rf,,! 1>:",<1 c,~~,<'<I'ho' "-oo'ld OIl' of tUnnJ.... mallcr. an OI,i,OO"
It.
which (he Ghri,ti." apo!ogi,( J,,"in .... cun,,,,,, (0 " ,pn.oduce_
1lower"., "o,,ber< ill tI,,,,,, write .. do we fi nd the ,;cv,' la'cr
,Idi"ed by on/o()(l()J( Chri>1;ano 'hm God cITate ' ",k. '" for , ,,re 1ha'. ,he " 'ri'e, of 2 \i:.nat><:cs. " 'hc"
.-.--t"m,,~ 10 God '",alci" g ,he " 'od ,1 0 ,, 1 of "'hal i, "",' I~ o,:.~
&",,,,,,\." m"y )"".., cll ';""g<d (l,i. doc\li.ll<_
IJ " ring the fi"'t cell""",. .'\.1) . ,ome ,,,ice. m~t" he tako" to ,,,~"
~" ;omet/oi"g of 'he notio" of a "'"rld h.~,;"g a btgi""ittg. 11,,,
0"" C'~'''.}1 bo' ""e. Thu, 1;,,010"-''' ","m, '0 ha," ""wiJ,1 'h e idea
tha, C ..d cn'atcd not ont; <I,e Id,-a., ~"' al"" ma"c" I'o"~"~r. all
he pn)t", I~) Inc.nt " .. ,h,,( "'""-,;T. like (10" Idea . ".lS ,""rn.lI~
,Iq><nd.. nt "n its di" i'l< origi'~ i( "'"' after ,Jl a fairly ","ural ,1c\.,.1_
opmen( of tht l'yth"go"';m th w,)" th.t "U thilllr' p.oceed from th<
O"e. Ci<cm. on !he od, k,nd. koow . bu( ,,:;eelS. Ih~ ,i.w Ik"
'''''''~c ''''-, cre",',1 h) di,;n. l'",,idcnc.."
]I.-sid.- th_ (mllci,~" o. laten( i, ~ ,a of th,' ",'od d h",;ng a bogin"
ning. tIle nQtioll of a mom""tarit;' creation ,,"It,
aloo CUfT~llt .
C re",;on ,.""'" ,.-a. e"p"unded ,,'i,h g.e~t clari.)' b)' n..silide
,,,,I)' ;0 ,h,. second ""noury. O rig'l'n. ",fer. 1() Ib,jjj,Ie<. ao,l ,,"ats
him a. ~ Cno>'ic 'h,,e'ic. " ']l,;. <locH;"" ,,"', ~dOI''''d ino" orthodox
" \\';~
11 , 1, .
, 2 )\""""'t~ ;. 28. cr.
C. ;;"O<!. IV '~"' CIoWoo ,! .~. p. f>(I,
~ C_ >ad, ,,_ at PI'- 61 8. Two pogo- ;. inol<b!,d 10 dU .......... nt "bo!.<,-
" Iwo:p, 'O_S, w..!..t.. t, """':fr, 1l " ''p1tM-, R,,.ry.o. 01, -J", It .

Chn"tiani,)'I>o,' T hmphilu, of ,\mioch, <. An. 100. and i'l.ken r"c
grame,l by Ircn,<m. An n.-gwncu' cOIlllnoui)' " led " ... ,h", i, w","
"npoo,;hle .0 im'I/I"'" ,na""" eX",';"g e'~n'all)" ",;"'0\" ""crfi...,nee
or iml",,,,..,m,'n' ~loD!{'idc ~,' almigh') Cod. '11'0"01'10;1", of Ami",h.
hO""<:\"er, ,wn' "'ell ix}'on,1 ,hi> : th' nOlion <A" pro"",u" ing matoec i,
nnac<q>13ble '0 i,i,,,. bcca lJ IC i, c01l1 ....di"" God", Olw,il'o"nt)'. h
;, no' a' all impon " n, if G,~l ,,-~, '0 c",.,c onl of all aJ",~,k ,nh
,,;,,;og OM",r: "''''' ,ncb '" cr"t;'""", ,10 ",,>C~)' ,he ",mc. (';",)".
d;,;"" I",,,-er appc~'" in (be ~.c, [h., h, I"'!)it> 'lutlg'< lO 'he Fore
'0'" of nu,,be' ng' ;~",; ~ "",aw" T he 1'10,.,( i, n.. o1 lw>ce ,01 'he
"'Ille 'Cc';on, ,b< ;,ic" ;, ,h" no' (),~y ,nl"'~nt-." <0.,," 1(, hein!!, ('u,
of nOlhingn"',. b\n ;~.., " h\Hllab being ",i,'", '1110';"" "",I "',,)"
'-'-Ul~' ..." ".""o. fro", God "
Otigo'n ,,>Ok "I' Ilu> ,xl',...i"". Dam.l)' '0,,1 of ,,,,,, -bd llg' (I~ """
"'"'OW , f,,, m Thco!,hih" of A,,,;()(".h ",,01 "",d " "o,clfo,",,,,,1.
e:q~",,~ling hi. ,;cw. iu " si ."ilar conI<Xl," "0 ,1o" t>1 hearing iu
mind ' h" exp", ..i"" of 2 ~Iarc.lbtt; 7. 21:1.
So \\".Joln ,,-as il, God' .,,"nl'or~1 I ..:ng; .,,,1 ~\"' \\'i.oo.1\ '"-;11,,,1"
1~1\Ol.>~t\&ri. itOl~~o.. "0 ""'"'1".0-.".,;,.., ",law,,' 1""0'-'>1\<,,,OX"'"
~~""'P1'''''" 10,,1,.1 ,,a, 10 come ,nlQ being 0101 of n"nheing ou'
of God' , ilr<-uwN. Ik""b. ,her< i, rd"ercn 10 a reali,)" ,,' be,," 'time
"aJlU(J' 1>< fO UJld'" m,d ',he 'hiod ",,01 ~)U"it con<qnioll' "f,itc [.<>go>
,lid ,"" cxisl'.'" ,;!OC<" 'h~r" " .... ,'" c"",tio", Y<I.
h i, (JUl of ,hi, f<~h t)" lha, 'Cod brouglu ~l"'l':''- c'-c'1~hj,,~ into
b"i"~'" " nd 'Coo ",.ik ("~"('I <>ul of 'k'n.I. .. in!{';"
li& i, 'h~ holy ' l ";',ily ,,-ho gi,.." lOfe '0 "''''I)'lh ing a nrl i, i, st", ,,-ho
b,ough, I ~""<> =ature> i",,, \:>cillg 0", of OOn t>ring';" 'ilio;c
"ho did nO' ~~i>1 I",forc ,~ ~~ rp(i"P<I" Ii~''') ba" t~'"n h;u"kd
010' [0 J'~u, hy ' ile r,,'ilcc h,'mdf: .no! ,hi, ;; "0' "" id oh,.. ,,, jo"
"lOll< of lhem , bUl alk'U' lhem .ll'." Th~", "' als" rcf<r~n.c. '0 all
,loo,"" "Iou 'rul\'C roce-i",<:J lilci, b.;' ng from God' 1".6 rap rot; I"",
" ~'"''' ' of ,\ntioch, U

" file... 8-\.
,',*""" 2, I,
" ~.2, XIX .
H 11.
"fiy.;..,
'I,
" ~, I, XVII.
.. ~ 16, I'G 17_1 %.
" """'IlMo, n 'I)

'to" .i...
n &91~'''''I'' and ",."~ "bro ught imo I><iug OUt of uom. l>eiug'
It. ' 0;; ~~ <i~t<>; ri:; , b fl~,,, ~"P'ix6>tl." ~lo"Q\..,r. i, i. ",-".,..,,1 'h~l
"" arc itldd""d tn G",I '''''eau"" 'he ", .de i.Qi~<>,, '" "hQ di,l
" 01 <xi" Ix["",' "
I" rh be 'I>cab of 'God wh" made oonI)1 h ;ng''' a m j d..o",hcrr
he <_,plain, 'hm in tbi. "t":fj1Iting' till" .h"uld he included. t"";
If ."",)thiog ;, "",d., "'","gh ltim. iL ;, ,,'eU "",.I
d,., h,- . ,; ,,, I",fo",
,he:>m,<.nd ,hi, ;, " I","", ~ ..,'" ,tu, ,he ""'" "'''''~ in"" ""inll
",,, of ,,,,,,.being."
It " also .".red ob:" Chri" ..." id 10 I.., ,h~ l"'gi nU;"g ' t.."au>< j,
LS h,- " hQ !!"'"
r;,~ b< ini."
' \ (,1:OT1lillgl.,.. God ;,. ",~l '(0 I.. c,.,.~'or. ~ il i, ll~ ,",'h" brought
thing> 1,<JOV"'''', 'llI" being (Jut of IIOIl.be ing'. " h" 'h" 'h,a,-clI 3",1
th e c~rth .....1 C'o"1)1h iug in tht'" ha,-e bccn pnxlut ..1 ;"'0 beillg
0\" of ,"ob IJ,eitlg'."
:\g..in. '" n'(crcnC1: 10 lhe S"n, j, is .,id ,t""
',h,' So" and l..<Jgo.
of Coo i. a hypo.,,,,;. i, i, he ",'ho proo"ew ''''''''1'0''"",,,,, ewry_
,h i"g fro,,, !lOu,b,;,,!! i",,, i>eir,g. b)' hi, \\' isdonl '." ~Iorconr, in
,%(/~, i, is conlpli",,,I), "",d , h", b)' .he 'nl1l 'worb ' of 00.1 ('" j"
I"-h" I ~l , 9 l1a,i,] me"". 11r" ra,ional lO a"''''', .~v 'f>T<'. ''':; ",;",,_
,;" "".,, ~Ii, !.irt,._"
Much the ~' m" 8"'" f"r "'p""';,,,,, I.... in""g to ,I", "'''"lUrely
",,", .... of the ""u1. Tlren: an:: rcfor< " eo, ,,, .100 ',b, cl'<,,' ed 'hogo_
rtto" ikon' (t b l\q~lOu~y~9"v ~1.~". \" 6v l," 'he 'crcate'] " "" <re '
\&l\~~'''''PTTwfv~v "',;.,,, "f"he h um~n .... d'," '" ,,,11 '" the maker"
ofd~' "0"1' ~ m;vuv """~ """""..,"" tuii ..no",,,,, '''''''~ J.,nfk>""",V
~ II'>. ~l, 1'(; 11. 1:IW.

M ~IP>, ll~, f'l, 12.1~~'.
M uIA. 111. PG '2-16'2_
~ Ct4. ll, N
" ><iJ>" Oi, 1'0 12. 1WI.

. ..,,_, I, PG.l 1.1[,6.
~ ,.tA, 1311. PG 1~_li;61.
"t? I~. la 1'0 11 .2(1'.
~ t>.1-, 9, ,~ '" lilt fund>mrD .ll ,;.,..- <Jl "'" ..-,wJ root"" <Jl "'"
"I;"-<ne< .. m..o. "' ,n. .mu-rty of <anh of U&-, to r. ......... """",,,,'
' ~..!d', ,a
"""";', nor j.'" '" h"m~n ~, er. .-JJ-. 13, XX~"ll,ft;.a. ll .
M >rlh lif
' fil IIIJl_, XXVU
~ c.t.. 1\', I _XXXIII .
~ ]>1 118".", XXX)\'.

T he DOlio" of cr<a,ioll 0'" <.>f 1l0lh'!lg i, unfolded a, a (b,,,m (m
'"
which Origon <led DOt appear to h.,'C (0 cL~bo""c . .. bc6u 'he
d"""e P"",","Y '0
mak~ h<iog> "l>f"'aT f'om t1O"lh;''8''~'':
0", (\po>olc ""'nI.prof",", in "...d', I"';"" ,,,~Il,,,,, r<<<>fdod ,I>< b<gi".

n;og of hi, ",it"l Cf"" i"" ""t, .. b"i ... tioo. " h.." G..I no,..!. "". ""i
, ...... "';". ,.. ..... ,. ....Id <.oJI<r ,ittue of
hi. f'O"'OT, .. ,tuug> ,~" .no .,od tI , do cm', i\:otIli"1! ",. , diffIcu lt
lor bim ;" ,he 1'''''' .... of creating, '0 " .:b "" ""km lb., aJ d.uugh
l>U<biu~ "., <xi" ing. <W'llhiJ,g. "Kld< l ~y ".!!kd 1",,10. ,'an" ;000 <Xi ..
In"" .. If d,'1 h.d .lv'-')~ ekl>1<d'()
l~"" the foreg"i llg J_~tin I"'rtio", a . imibc . tat<m o,,, in I~"" is nu
(~'Ul>l 10 bo, 'm,t<<l.
It i. pro,..,d b)' nu"r ..... ,.,..'.,", th"'"Shv"' the ,,-)001<- S<,iptu .... d,at
"'< ""j,-<"" " -a; c"al 1 b:' (;00 ",od l1,al ",",,,, i, 110 "" I""""" "'hieh
"", 'Ko! roce;,,,d it> """',<0
from lum: "hieh ",ru,.,. owl <1""",,,,,
"'C <locH"" r.j"d) ""!!hl by >om,." lhlo , "',.,.,. ~ " ,,,."a
"Iocb i.
""",,,mul ,,;tlo 1'".1. o. ,1,., d"", a", unt.eg<><" 'H O<>Ub, ill ""Mh' ......,.
"'""Id h.,,, i, tl,., G<.l i"' I>].""",1 ,,0< >0 much tlo< I,n,,,,;p'" or ""'0-
krK< .. "'" ' I" M ') .00 r.nk of ~,<ir Mi:."
The I"'rti"" goe' on ,,;th ",feffllCe to the.......,a/kd ~ of H<TIll'"

"-,,,I 11,... Ilook of P."xl! 2. 5, whirh funh Iou,,",,,,, up Iho: idea of
0",1 ha"ing c'''Sfd .ll ,hing '0 be "u' of "olhitlg"
T hen' i;., 'h,"cfon;. a honer; "f I"""'g<' ,,'h<n' Orig<n'. conc<J>-
,ion of cre.t;'lll '" .1IIi/" i, """'I"i'-O<"dlly ".~1'lic", .. L Th ... ar~ " 0'
'he onl)" po;'"" whe", he put> lo,,,,anl hi; 'ell<t ,ha, i, i; God who
brougbl n"'r;'1hi"g i,,,o Ix;"g 0,,1 of ""'loiog: I,. <xI''''''''' Ihi, l.did
d,,',,1lC". lOO, " Th< .. , P"''''g<' c-ert~inlr h<Jp ,ow.rd, ....,ing l,i,
id, .. ill a I"ner liglu . Wha' ;. ()f prima,y ;"'en"" in Ih"", porti"",
'hough i. n01 th e '""r;' id"a i,,,,,1f namdy, Ih,,' God ;. 'he sole ere
",or out of "",bing, " "icVI" which of Co,, "'" i, neither " nexl><c,ed
"or <10<. i, co",. forth for 'he !i,.., ,i", . " II'ha' i> sig"itica,,, is , he
~ .:...-....., .. "" f~ .. "" - . , '_Hl. " ""';w ,->pIU '"1<''''''' '"

God. ~"" ,">de ,,' ''', ...... . '''' 'lW'. " ' i,U.
.\gain.< "" C"",oi< ~1atrioo and 00..", ;[ ~~ at<' ' " "'];.".~ T,n...... (Ji",,",
.1/.... - I ... ~ho ch"'r d... G"""ic ~irn h ..ing "phdd ID< Pb",,,ic ........
of . .. "0<"'.,," or;,.,.oat lOon_ ~ . Jf.
" 1,,*, I..M
" fP, 1'_ 31. ODd """" I 3_
M er ><IF... , 16.
" Ytt """ 'bi. ,.,.., of O.;g... h", t... .. (o.!Ie.,.,oo t.. ",004" ,,"" ""'l.."tt

'"
man,," in "'hi~h thi, i. 1'''''''''''1. 11,. mvd< of lh< "'1'''''';011' u,.,d
at crucial po;"" in order t,) .",, 11 out ",!>cc!> of ,l,;, <"nption of
(",,,,;on ",' .i1Iiki.
A. " .0""-' of facl, wh" [h,-, """lion out of ""'hing i, a bibJic:.!
nOlioll or IIQt i. " 1ll3l ter which d"", nol e njoy u nanimity. A,
R. s.,"bji po;"" out," an carly Ilibli".1 .0"'" of Gc"r. erea,;,..-
P,,,"CT ill thr IW 'If JoIJ 28 aJl(i 3.8 11.. i>cc " ,,,1.0" to ",can tha,
r,oo:1 put o"ier imo pre-ex;"jng dt,wo. ,,,,her tI'"n <", .. ling "''' or
IlO1hiug. In (he 11';"-'"", if $010",,,,, J I. 1/, it is s,oled ,h", Ood
'"",,,,ed ,h< o:).,cm"" ,>oH vf a forrnb. maliC" ,,-ith out ,a)'jllg "he,her
tll" UlaUeT had " b<~~UlliJll\. III 2 .\/ocr"bm 7. 28, tbe ,d"ore n", to
("'ation 0\,. of nO<h ins "a " ,,,,ill be rti"'''rp""ed. '' T h", it ha.
b"en ",,,,ncd IILl! n<;,h.". ill tbt Ilit.lc " Of io the J""" h.Hclbuotic
li... ra",,, is\I..,,,,
a d.,,, ''''''- '''"n' of cn:auOl' ou , of ,,,,,hi"g '" ~
""",., ,..h ich (." ,n<hlde ~ hegin " ing of the ma,.",l unj'c.....,. hi
tll .. c:t>O i, " ,",'aj llc,I,h~t 'he " ie,,' of C",",joo "", of I~~"'og w"'
;onnwl hy Ch,i"i,,,, iu ' he ""o<ld (""tUlY ,\ .D .. ;n wnt",,-erry
";ID 11, " ( ;1\0>1K:s.
It should be "ou<:<:<I ,11" , Orig~h """'''''''-;'';,:1), ,tst;O li ,e P'<Sl 'e"se.
in "mcr tco dcnule th3[ 'hc "wld h:td a bq!inn' "g, Cod ,..., 'Ixf"",'
aor 1I"""n "f crcat~)Il .",1 <",.'cd hec""", be ",-;u"r '0 . Stud);lIg
th e dichoo throogh ,..hich 'he notion of <Teatioll ;" e~pn:"",I. 0,,",
0'" "". ,11.-. , ,h<"n: is oolh;n~ 10 ; ,,,I ic~'e or i"' I~)' ,b", f:od bad
dccidedjom ""'''''I~ tco C",'3[C ,IIc ..w ld ,nd tha' hi, <iecisioll ,...,
,i"'l'l), f'<~li",-d .t ,h" '''''''' e''' "hiel> "'~f", till' hcgitlning of ere
a, ion . C"'"~ ;"10 h<in: ""I if' ,.,.-~ ;" a no,ioll .-hid. '" ;,..-If bt~
to mac ""nle on/.,- on~' God ibcuInJ to treate , Then: ..", nothing
to coonp,'1 hUll '0do iQ. H, did 11,,, 0", of a 'bt-"~"oJ..t,, <leei,;,,,,'
I~"*~{,,.I, ,I"'t ". oU' of "" ,," if I:iJIgfrtwl....-
C .. ah.--.n, on a"tom" of I"ing ,,"" ,h" prodLlc. of all ac. of mh_
tio". ;" ;Il i", <""nee ",Ia';,-. '0 ,,'ha, God did. 0 " 110 acco"o' 'W
i, he.r uP'-'" wh" God ;0 Hilll><:lf u.
\0 him dod,; .. " ',,,m..l C",,"""'". 11.. "';<><t\s. I ,-",""",oIe, ,"~.", ohi, " 101
. "'." "Orig<" f,,~ ;1 ""'o-MJ' "-'""'" .-xp6ddl' OD oh< "''''hing th. , """","",,_
W king. or ... ..., . _ ,.,. .... ",rlaI I,oo;nlt' m." l>: <1._,#.". " ', ... =d. . ..
.,. rib. p, l1'~ i","", hi'l, '" """, 10 ,0;.;" t.., hi. I""nU'" !ho, 0.-;"". ,~'" "
',,,,,_ ",kmol ,.-nOOn' .,. rib, p. I~I ' " i!"<"" W- 10 impugn . 1...
Orig<n '" 01\," .00 ., aplidd)' ........ ,..,...ly th" Qd"!~ ~~. ""'","1.
~ cr_ R ~ .,. '"-. i>- l ~'.
" cr 'tA. WoIt"",. AI ... C'"" . ~ ) .... ,. IW1', \<01, I. pp. :Kl'Z-l.
"
T hi, i. a I">i n' of pan iod", , ignif.::mc. and ".~ mould ,1\,,,11 ()n
(h" " ~ttle funher.
If 0,..,.,,,,,, held a ,ell", ,,!Ch as ,10.'1 ~atioft ha' IHf<WI"/Y wo
Cod', d''-;''"n, ,hi. sJ\ould impl) 1ha( ' he " 'ill of Cod (0 crca'c
ex;,wd in him b.-gi'lllingl ... I)". too. "nn if cr~",ion had not b....,n
reali,,'i )"et , \l"h.~t he ,uggtlt>. however... qnite the opp,,,.i,,; thi.
;, dearly 1~)n"'rC(1 b.~h e~l~ici'ly ~nJ hy me"n, of certain u,,,,, of
language, th.~, ... through , he mode of 'he e~pre ',",}ft' c'nplo},oo io
each c.... .
He n,,,,, ,h~ pan (,""e ill con".;iOll .... ~y. knowing (IL" thi, t~n""
<le notd that ""lllething (.crurrcd. some,hiug i>N:""" while i, did no'
e~"( b<fo,e ~, ,,,ch "'a, one """"'11lcnll)" hecRtne. Ib. past (CI"e
i""lf ~nplie, a 1W111 of progre .. or procc,", Imm onc , i,uatiou '0 a
",'X , OI,e. Thi, i. ,,1\)' O ,.;g.,n so ,,,uogl)" "xdude, an) ""'" of 1''''
(et"", when h" ~"~"'P" (0 .dnmb"". (1\" lif, of G"d ll i",,,,lf ' Il,i,
i, .]'" "'h)' he empbasize. th a, " he 1 ~1."" did DO' i>N:""" in th e
I><gin!liHg. bu, hc "'" "'ha, he ,,", in 'he ';p~<i'." Which me"", 'hat
if ' he pasl ,..."" ",.,,, u...<l ,u"ead of Imperl,"(",. ,Ioj, eo"ld <icnote
,h,,, ~'e<~ ,,'" " ,..ali ,)" u, ...bieb u,e Lo!:'", ".". " 01 i" ~,e oif'X1i.
(hat i. in ( h~ Wi!o",- U,,, ,hi, nm, con""'"")" ,<) hi, priJlciJ.1 dog"",
(h"t Ill< J~W', I~", "'l,,,,.mgt,,,/y wn ,,;,h \I";"~)m .
He h ow ",,,I h'" !lnt"i." th.1I ... he1l onc .trill" '0 1~!r1rdy !he
beu'g ofGoJ. nO ,"Tb rao atk'I"""'i) e'I""'" ,), ;,; "",lilY...... e'""hd"...
h~ u... lang\l:.ge in .uch a "' a"" cr (hat the in,~'itable inaccur""y
,ho,~d I~' dimini<l",d (0 (I,,' minim"", po;.<ible. Th", h" 11"'" ,-ith",
imp.. rfio<:t 'Oll .. " or pr.""" 1<11"''' a, mor< ~, ITa"'. I"", i,"n'clJ'
rme.' in ordo' to I>oi" t '0 the being of God HirnIClf.
0" ,he .,.1"" h~ " d. i, is ,he I""" " ."", ,,'hie], is ( I ~",,,,<l ,,,,,re
suitahle to e,p"''' "h~( c.me il\ 'o Ixing ""t of '>OIl heing. In the
", me """, th., h<- sta' ... that th. 1 ~'8"'>< did not htc.B" ill ,he I"'gi'"
llillg. b", he "'4> "h." h" ".,,, in ,he I~'ginning." h" poi"'" out
I.-d"erriug to 'h" l)On;o" of J ohn):
U,;,'g d .. 1<nu' t.-fo,,;,wr 10" [... . Joh"l al>J>b 1 Lhe fo<"IO Ih..,,,,' to
hi, flcoh. ".hOle '11,,' in'~C:01 " hi, tlnin< ".tu,."

,Ad
'tOT -d ,S 1"" "I ~"'''f''''><'''~ pow u .... ''", -><1>,,. ""'Jlli '~!I'''''!' '1'.).'
"'" ~'.l .iTl'~"'''''' .,ml> """"" "'I' ,... .,.h-, "'nM> ... D """ "u II ""f<C-r ~
'XIX ' 1 '''1'''I0000> ~
'I '>[If M
>ql III P'''!l",>J " pU

' u()n~;U~
."','" 11 ,~ l'ali.J~wa " ""I 'lj"n'~IJ'''' IlIOJJ .. ,~, lOo 1"1' 11'" '.1"'0
""I' .",.li,lI,,,
'(I(I'J('~" '''LI. '''''." ,,~,! .lII' JO >in "~JP'" .)01' "
' !'1' :l\"!"'l-uo ll JO "'0 1I1L~1 o,,~ n"!,~,,, )!ll!"'l "I I ~" '" ~\!P "l' '"
""1'" u;lluO 4"4" U! "'I"'"' "to' r. " 1"0 "! ''''''I' 1",1' u1"ld " '
"",.""''''',
, . ..".rl
~lI""
OJ.'9IJ~""'" 9'~" .~) '1> J" JJ!1 '" lII",",h:>!uoo 0, 'J"~"'I''' JT><{1
><jlino.'<t '4' "" :"""1' ,~ ... ,"'I 0' ih.qtlOl""IIJ 1"'11'" .. 'J'I. ."nUJ"l "'I'
,,,,,,Ilo"( "1''' R! tll~,..., I"UU !H," 0, OO~"I;U ~ ' O'~j2>."'J 1',,,<1,,,.,
'~J! l .U p~, \[ .""" ',uoP>' ,\\ '"'I'p~ l"" " " 'U!'" . un" ~ l{ ' UI
"". 1"'11'-"
1"'8 .""P'. '~."'k- '" ... ''''''''''1 .b '!l ""1 '~ "!l<"IJ>'" wWJ u"'P" .I\
,n l"~J c IOu .uc \OJ'~"",\\ '~'l 0' 1"'0 JO .'1lJO." p.o~lln. '''''''1' '~ 'I'
,"~"u "! 'IJ. " ld !'!,,~d ",,,I ',(p"'"" '."0,, ",,\I
~'I' "! "'J(~ r"I-"'"
" '! ~o'''"!(F.uxlJ(xJ~ uu~, ~4' ''''I' ,,!.liP. '''~''J!''~ .~ '] ","~
~'~';QO>~d'O<I.) .'1'..0 ... I'.o,,,,,.>..od . ... PO!) (.'1 I'~'""" .' lO OS""'.
1''''', JO ' 1"0." '.'"~''''' 1~\l,,>pc,o,,1 ~'II Ol "'~J~' ~'I :J~"O~'" '''~'Id
.",,,, "" U' 1'.' q.>flO~ >1 "IiI5U1P "'I' JO 1"0 "''' ",,, ~.~., .iJ." "1.1.
...'..'r'n
'""'''''I JP""!U I~'!) '~4 ' <,,~'" " II"n"", 'f'!4" '\O!~og< "o!'!"1'
IU'lo"">U'~1 _.PO!) (~~'ri?u.l.1 .~w"'''I. "'OP'!,\\ "'1' P>LI"" " "'l~
" 'I ''''''. ,,~,! -4' ~"!"l- lil""1 "ID' .,,00.:> 01 """"~;>JJ (~'''ily~eul
.I"'!I~". IXI. ' \IffiI"t""\I~ 1 .1"'""". urQj"~.\\ ''''I' P"""""''' "! '! '"",,U
''1>'<0.'' Il! '''''IW .,!,nl' pllU
.>Io'U''''I" H" 'F'''' ~ "!,,,,d JO ""~~JO.Id '4'J" '<>""'~."" ~l ' ! .>.1" 1'
4~n<>'1'1' 1"'1""0' ~I'''OI''''''''U 1''''' '(I"~p ]-"1"1 ,," '''l.l.
w0f>.""J
''''Io.,.''''''l '''I ,,' P"'''''l~'' .,,~,.., 0' PO~ l' uO!'IJ'P 1''''' Ir" 't{l
)r,1' ",,,'u' ' !'LL ','ro 1"!'''''I'!!lOJd ~4' J'!:I ""l~ "''I UO!),,"', I"""~
'q' "1 "1 '10 '0" I""" '! 'lIlO ~I' '' o " y ) ",0 " "!>J
-J ''''XI 1I~ .~ pIN".>lj' '"'I' "o!,,;ud~, J" .,~." '!4' ,eq ' "'I).!"''''''O'' ' !
li ' 1'''''~I)l'"''' "'I PI'wlf' t>l' '.Jf1fJJn _.1"".) ( ,,,,,,k.>J 41~" >'<11.'1 ,<>)(]
'''1' JO ,"~ >1'1 'lj!4." "umltc p1!nOJ~~''''1 I"n,d ..,,,,,,, ''1' " '''1.1.
'ne le '<!"., )Oll 1"1' I' '1'1) .0oJ,xl " 1" 10" -",,'<1 ."!U~'I"" . '1)
y> ,U,'U()\II. ' " ~ '~"l O,,~ ~IH"-' '~4" ."o'""!' ,,.u,,
'! ".".1 " I' JO
~lll"l1J"~!' .'1' J" .>J"."" ,'1'''':1-'",1" lJ ;}!!"O \1)'1' ' '' " Id ~""h "'''1' <! ']
.no; . J.loIVHO
'"
",
T hen' i. " d""wo of C.od ,,, create; fet ,h;' deci,;"n ;, 0<)1",,,,,-<:<1
"'" '" a iJ<'/!Um;ngl, .. Oue: it i, exp",,,,,l '" ~rod"(,, of ' he ,li,;'"c
"ol;oon, "hid , 0" no aeco",,, ;, a (ObCO>ni,,,", of d,,, di",n" bo':;,,&
"'. Drill'''' ,Ioe.not ,a)' Iha, ' he Wi,dom <.>f God '''''''I' or '",ill,
,which would he fJiMl or llo"J.r.al\; nor d"" he \11<: (he im perfect
te",,, (whid! would be ~a,~ or i~"'fO ami might he reml., .!
in Engl;'h a. '" ",,1 ," "'a",' or '",,,,1 ,,, .. ,11'1. lIoth '''"." be,..,
(non ... l)" P"'''''''' or imp.,f,.:, le"''' could imp!)' ,ha. [h" p.nkubc
(~ci.i()ll of evd thal ;" the doe;';o " '0 r-"fl)' "U' Ih" """" " ,. ""I,
wa. hcginniugk>< onc)' llu l. (lU;l< dCllloll",~bl)". 'he form' " ""I
ar~ -"",m.<:<I' nnd -"ill",!'. which ulld.",",o,,, the "'nl"W"l ch""""'"
of hi' ,1",ioi<)O '0
r"",.e.
Accoro;,,!!ly. ;1 is tlO' sa;'1 'ha1 \\';,,100' :"':c"I,,",1 cl'eati,.., ,...Ia-
tion to th. 1>0,1<1 'being' him""lf (which "vuld b< iiw Coxr, b< uC'
okut dccis~)Il' ('OOo~ia ': h<" i, is .aid ,ha' he 'bcc~Hle' 1~'V~
Gud', rUlio.w"'" ar~1 'acc'1ni a relation' ozOOw .~ w'< 6vtlH'g.to '.
b<:ca",, 'he ".,,,..,1 "(0 1",,,<:Ii,' ..... ~ijo,,, . , hi, form i, to ,I,, 1'''''
'<00"'. '00 "( h~ ra,io",,1 creatu,,,", tU )..01""';\'" ..t,kh ",... c" lk-d
'f",u", being>' (, '" OO"~ ... u ,"'--u,iug !he fut"re ",,,.., of the \"Cfh '00
be' in ordcr '" dCDote ,h., 'hc I'nxlllc' (if crea,i"" did IIot exis,
btgi " " U,gl""sJ.,..
Il l"" ht"e" "'1:,,",1 , I"" lh~ C h"";",, ,.;,~,. dirk<> t"roo> ,I,, Ih,,,tlk
" tiC on "",co,, nt of the role of uii/" Th~ 11....."ic illu,tF~,ivn of bud )"
and ..h .do.... or .." u "nd ligl" , ha, bnn fflfAnh<l a, <>,("I"di" g Gud',
" I ~"'y ""' u.. n.... l..,- ",.."."""." u.. nru 'pm' .,. 'k~oin~'
'm..
n'-\k .., "'''''" ;., tim<~ ~h;o, n"""Leb I ;n.q"",,, be ... ;, ~he,Le> Orl!i'"
"""". _ of""",,",) of u.. world', "'~n if tru. '-001" ;, ""......,1 ill 'eom,
of (""-><t., rwr- .., ,...,.'" ;,. rot """" "hot"" ~ rho, ,,.,, il """ '''''''"'''
.i.'
,hot "'" _
,
dOd no! ",ruotI) ,riot. ,bey """'"' '" {Joivn" ,;,.~ . of("",..) . . .
"",in~ 00 <led to , .,"". no;, ~ ~... " " . fl.",~,.k; ,t;,l .A"..4
II~...,. pp. ".of',.
~!,. )"JOiD ' ~ ~ "'" 0';';'" 00."",,, Iv>Id ""h. f>Otioo .
.. f7<*- ! nti......,...,.,. obouI<l be g;'~o p"""uiar .''''nboO. I, ;, oh<- ,.,...
"C/oon.I
Oris,n "p/i<ioI~- ...." d.-"""",
,..,., ""'..,...;..,""", . ,,,...
,~ ru_ ill <he......., foro,_ 0000, ~''''''h ,h. , ;, P'<""
" f'frM. 11
.. .ft}_ I.
" er. J f'<v'n. "l1Mhp ' ''.'1"" " -I' I,.., """"""'. l',ri, . 1",-,, ; I'!'_ .\(l'.!-6,
C. T "''''''''' '''''. (" .I<~Of'O' .. ""',. , .,.. " 11 ..,'I' , tit M 1\" ..... -
...... P.n~ 1%1; pp_ 190 '; 319 26; :16 !; ,Ul. Aom.'""ng. F......... nb ;., <he
,Po
'hough' or l"",,iom. " ,.n-. ~"h d ....eal "",4""".Iiom. J-aol" }/,_
~
3. 1~73 J. w. 1HZ:!.

,,;11 and ch<.>i . On 'he "<.>n'",,,)", the Chri.,ian ide. i. th" creatioll
i",-ol,'" di" ine ",ill . 110' ne"""i,)". an,1 this h.d ~1rr'''I)' bttu M>cr1ed
bl'ro .. Ooig<n .... 1 ~,id ,"
0" tl", other h.nd. the "o';on of ,.1/1 ;, not altogc'her oh"-,,,
fro m lh< I~a'""ic t""u. f or ,.""mpl< , ,hi. can b< fou nd in I-'L"o',
" """",,." In ,h,~, ,..ori , tbe Ik"u urgc i, rq>catcdlr represen'ed a.
,Id il... ""in!!i ' th" i" thilllciug out h",," to ""hie\"(' hi, .im,. ,\, ""l\~"l,
I~orim", ahhoush he ,I"",. nO! foil"" hi' maoter ~U a loug. he pre
,uona)'l) 1".1 hl~ '0 be dis",i"i,.., of "oIi,;"" U, '-OIl"CCtion "'ith
10"'''' ,ie", uf reali,y. n",., .h )",ugh nu,iQ'" <.>f "'ill are fou nd ill
the Em",Ji/, , jl'l\\~~o,., 0.....,.,.,<;.'l'E0'''' ... tho)' "re main ly used in
order !O ,Ii,mi", the ide" that ""cond",,), being'! exj" through the
",ill or the One."' ,\, an)' '''e. I~O!im" o.Ik"", the I""'.,,. b, I. of
",lOli ,)" '0 crealc ~) ,,;]1 IU~""":; I. tx,' I... "1f~f"(l; Ih .. c",~tion or
101,..-' b'd, <fl reali')" "" ."-""'0'"
So the ,-er,. u(~io n of l<ill, regarded ill ilYlf, is dist inction whieh
It... OOt beeb uochalleng<d a. a crit<rion for lh" di"ilJCtmn be,...-",,,
,h e 11"mn;c aod C h<i.li~" COIl",pl ;',n of ere,,'mn, sin", a OOOOll of
/L-;!/ Ca" be fo," ,,<I i " 1'1 .. ,0 ", ,,.U '" i" l'1oti"",.'" How.",r. , here
i, a puint ill Orig.;n', th ""Shl whi.;h !bx.. di";ngui"i, the .. 1"'0 co'"
<"~p'io", "f crcat~m. Th< con"a;l .,-i,h aU ,,,Non. of 11a,,",j,m ,",'hieh
O rigtH e"~hl;,h", 1 i. to be fmu,,1 U, ",h., aClually the notion of 1h<
(ii,'ine " ' j]J (i ",,~e, ami c" ,:.il,.
'11'0 ,,,)(ion lh'" he act"aU, uphold, ;_, th .. of a radical ch""m
h",,,,,,,,, God and Ill< world, In hi, l)k'Ugh, make. no S<'''''' 10 'I"'~k
of ",m"!! Ul I",",'~r In-d. of r<a~ly. or ah",,,,,,, of n..:"""y in higher
bd. uf reality. 'n""", 11",jui.uI .flinrL~tioo T " How from tb. NcOph.lOllie
~ Cf. h, .... u~ ,,,",,,,," 1/"",.... 2.1.1: 2.'!O_9: 3.11.3. Chn.tion ~-n,", allH on!!,""
poin<rd out dUo di.tincbon. , _ cr. ,~ I'" Gin't.~ [lo.. XI. n F........ '"
, _ Il l, ><"'' ' ' 10. TI""" .. """'0.... w.;, I.ltio 2", 0, 12.
n r _ ~'9p. J\11.: IlH: . )"i"" , <t, tII.
\ '1.8.13 1 5 .... ' -11 -"0:

~ t:.-.<.. \ '. 1.6 (2, 1._
:~I 3,.
f:_.
~ <:-.M, \U_9 14 8'; \ ' 1.8.1~; \1.al~ 1 10; \,l~. I ~ .31>-~~ ; \ '1.8.11 ~ 19;.
1'Iin , ...... '<TIkbo. dh"';"", moo)' of,.,..,.. l","<e>" ",""",U<, , .
f_. \1 .a, 16
~ t:.-.<.. 1I .9.l I 18' ,
IL9 . ~ ,21 1.; II I.l.2; l.l.3 ,3 ~; 11'.8.6 12 13: \ '. 1.6,
\ '.1.7 17', \'.3. IG 1,.
~ 1_, f'""",;", 01", .uril>ulOO 00<i0n of '-'ill' '" do< o.:."i",.,,-, r""",",,
"'L cr. w.bti<h .... M,,.,;,,- 1, 28, 1 _... I~ 1"-- Gioo-.i. <d,
F.. 1: W. I~". 19(13-6'; L:I<J; Ll71, .

,Ad
's '''C-r -, "'I" 'IIXX '~ I .~ ..

.,../ .
-"",,,~~.o "Jo "f'" 'IfI '<111><, <! " """UD> liu!'l!-''' l'Ow "'! 'Pllp')
P"~ .,,,"~" ". ~""np<>Jd 'P'"M' 1"""""'1' 1<lU" l1!lfuOlj l "'1.1. )1 "'"
II"dn I'>W '\l " [1'." 1~IC "1~"O'{l "S,II>q J.'!'CJ.u " '1' 'l\" tlO~[ "I
' rl!'I"-'~l"'I" f>'>l'np
'''''1 'P'<J'" "->"o.J':lJlP "-lI,,!'"~.o J'> """,1<>""0' lI."'''''kl '''It wruJ
OO Ll >J'l!!!' ~J\'l<" '~lIll""'O' '~" OIJO 1110 ... ,,, .... , 's! 1~4' '1'fwq ,,' .1I~"
''1 "'n~""'1 ",c,,-I.) OIP' po!) JO "",,,h.JUo, "'U ' U"'UO>'"I""'N W(lJJ
''flJ1>01P,.".-IlIUO ",'I'.""oJ q.l!' I," ",,,,,I "4100" S! ,l.1J41 IC'{lI~IO.\.'Il
"1' ."-1 p,>n'l '''! ~"J~"
'''''''IJ1IIt!>1J JO OlO !IOlI
ue ...,u..~, .ill"o,,, ~4' 0, U~!l" '(II~"ln" "
..... ,"" ~" c'!P ~4' nms
'po!) JO .Iow, II I"'"'-"''''''' 4"'4." '1'1-"''' " ISU" ~uo ~'(l "'!-Id ,,,,,,, 11"
~~4J_ -00, ',"-""1'. ". "'''J' JO "" "'I' ''''I' "'",.
, ~, .. ''1'
,'P'P
-."d IH .""01'. S"!"'I "" I"I""~"" S! ' ~' I j<> ~ "'" .,,,,...,,1... ,'q) 0,"11
Pl'u.", '4' J" L!O!'~~" ~4' lIu !D.1uu> A;trrWfl JU UO!,,," .'ue ' ' ' f.>J
"4
4,,! LI'" no 1''''~>.iS "1' .""!"..,,I '! "'!'!Io.\ ~"~\!I' ~4' JO "O!'O" ~'I'
", IP" 'u ""'''1''"'' 0.", "" '11 UJO."",fl ''''''!'I
I~"P'" ~'I l JO "O!'"''
''1.1. '1'1'0." 1".000100." J 'I' pne >I,,,><t. '>"""1' ".'poo" ~'{l """." '."1 .ill
'J~I!""""I' 1"",jjol"'uO 0" '"' ''''I'
""""'1'. 1'''"
.dn. u .~"'">q "OlD""
"!I' JlI'jO<'l~ ~4' "! "'!>r.O " 11"""'" le'!.ll "! IlJ~~J "'!""'Ukl !!..'4' .'t.'"
'4' "! '>",I",d 1'1''''' '4' JO " '!I"" JO 'P-"I .,~.p:~I. IlLlR P""I. (~I
OJ~ >'''4' M1I"o~>;,,:q1 ~i'\J I"~" >" ,lll~lu><ls 'I"u". U~SUO "I
.;.0."01'. ~U';l,\ .., p.p.'''~JJ " 'J'I JO
l " ""' ,u,,.,,It,, " ",...., """ H 'lIU!"1 .>u ~'!1' ~LI' ouoJj 0.""1' =4' ~II'
'(~v<'\I'''w l ,I[I"Ju .'''I'. "'! " 1"'8.J<> '1"""" "
1'1'0." "'I'
' .lll"'<'''''S
.\.re., "'''~'p '"l!
4ljrlU411" 'ii;I"""'fW '>.r"'"''
~I~"" U ""J!l'""'~ 11ffi()],,,", U JO JU ~ 1!1""
J."lO" " ... ;u~'I' ''''1' )0 ,,,,,,j,;,,,
lit , 0&..1 "1' 4' .... '~!""'k 11" JO
""!'UI '" ~"!I~"''''I'!'''~>Q ':IlJ !,"~." ""P)O u"'.,.'" '('I pur ..... lllc>JJ
~"!>'. "0 '''''IfJ'' .-. JO >J~ ,,,,,,C';'JJ rrUO!,CJ 11" 1<.J ~~
,1IU!"1 ~LI ' ~"~JLJ~"'"
<pili," "'''U!'1' IUlu~W'-"p"'q 0,'" ~J" ;;'''4' -J"""I JO "4lj'4 ~J~ .'w'll
J~t{P1!.\\ ' ;~l'l JO "'i 'I'"J '''''''1W " '-/1 U~>''' '' ''1 .j'''''~lI'P I'JllIUIf' 0"
'1 >.1."1' ~"'I 0.1 'l 'I~"orl' "",)\!'O m u,,[" '; 1;"'''1' JJ~ P" 'l 'ltl')O
,"',,,~"urJlV '.L>"~ '" P"~ I"VS 1'''. ""IP" 'I 't{l vI """'I' "'0 '4' ""-"J
ii;>t",ifIW-J J" "Ou<U;"lO~ ~'(l ' I'''I'',!u",1 I>U" p~"--" ,'4'.1" 'IOUci.>.:>,""
11; I mo , ,,, ..,,,,,"" , ..... " ., :,trloO." '.T t O~'''-~ I 01~

It cr~",o' not hecau,.. i, brw, '0 d., .., in omer to bnufil 'he "",a_
" ,rt. le"" of aU regarded .,foltnt ODC", hu, emnC" ,imp l)' by being
"'I"" il "~. Th;" OCluaJl)' m<"n, !hal ,h, c",ahw acl .. a ,~ode or
(j". "",.' or"< ,'cl') bojng ' The role of " 'ill ;n ,I", i\'~'pb""'i< ';e"
has "uh., 'h e mean'"g ,I"" 3ny,h;ng wlt;';h ,. alr<3dy I)<rfect "'ill
8<'''''....'e .., ,, ,,,,hiHll' of it>clf."
.. ,honld be poin'ed 0 <" , " <,-enhd",",, 01"" here l~otiJln' e"pre..c.
10;' co!",,,,,,jon of .. ", rtb oon Ofl l", >eroo,].. ,y rtali.y. """.. I), Inldlee
to 'he O"e. It "'0 ,he 0,,,, C"'.';"': 'he l",eUt..,. ,h" 1'I<>1;n <" denies
th e role of will ." 1le " 'g<'''!' " a.
romcthing lik< ,h" liglu ,,-hich
,urro,md, ' he ,u" ." A. ,uming illlO """l<tbil'!!l iUumi,""",l i. I"rt
of !h. "ssenCe of ligh' , i" like maru,.r God ;, "",hing ..-i,hou, ,hi.
ertal;'-e procedllre. 'h rough ,, hid 'he co, ,,, o> ;, gt"e .. ,,,,1.
There
is a n"-",,,i ,l' ">1~bl" h"d u' 'h,' ...",enee of ' his ' ''pn' '''' ' erea';,, I<,,'''e,
c",~ ,iv" i,. m<an;"gflll "<'~"" b'n ,hi> i> n"t a fr~e """"''- Cn"'i",,
0/ the "'Olkl hr ' he deity;"" ""u,tiu!l' atnul'oral ,,,,d e"'n"" nec"";,y.
l'erbap. ' hi' n ,,~J)~i' ohouJd he n:-gard"'l 10 call for a par.Udi>m
"i<h Or;ge"', lheok'Kl:' u, fact a ,'as' munl><'r of schol.. ~ ... " ;"
On!:""',, <ioctti" . of n<" ,io" a "'~oplalo" ir l"o"e"',,'ce, "k;,,!I' hi.
,h,
,i.;..- of ",L"i o" \>o;t"c~n thr Fa'her . "d So" '0 he 1'I"""i."
C(mp' in Chri"iao bngu~gc.
To pro,-" ho'" fuU""jo ", ouch ,~, i. <km. lldi! " ,mui", of i,'
0"'''. but 0"" or '''-0 ol ~","tio,,, ' " '' '' 1><' (o",i,I"""I. " " d 11,.. I"-,,h
he cX'raclCd f""" 'hem . The " ,h,,)" "',11 'pp<ar a. bo-r<.'il "f " '",HI .
I "",e ,h,,,,fofl.' ,it., 'ho"" .. ho malo.' 'ite"" m;,:icad;ng ",,,,enio,,.
co"'rAdi 'hem..-I"..... ~'or th.)' al... "" th. >o-c~lIed F"'gm~Dl 32,
incorporat"d by P. Koc"d,.u in hi' eru,;o" of 1'riM. "he", it i,
'~I'I;,-a,,-d , I"" ',h~ So" ~,,, ""'" .. I <if IN rill of ,he F. ,hd." The
j ux'al""'ioon ,hO',,, oh", !h"", ,,-ho "",,,t '0 gi"" cnxli' 10 J "";,,,on',
t""t'm"ni~. a"d 'h"y 3r~ ex.cd), ,h" ... ,,ho "urib"" "''''1~~'oll i;m
to O rigell cancel 0 ", th<m .. ,h'o . " 01 i, l>:-como. d,,~r ' Ioat, own at
thi. po;''' , 'he \'CIY Dotio11 of d,e I'~, hor. ~.II rdw<alJy 0011tr.l'"
Onge11', 'hough' ' .. "-1'":",,,<1 by J"" in;an) from rh'" of I'lo.io",,
~ ~:-.... 1Il . 2 . I~J: V.1.6.

" f....,.
V,I.~ \ ', 1.7 2 ono.! :<7; V. I.1 ,
~ ~. V ,1.6 ~, "-
" ~;.w, _ \ ' _1.6; V.I.7 ' ~ "" d 37; \'.1 1.
" ik, .\1"-"; IX_ ~2; .

133
"-h" ...",, 1'1",i,,,,, """" "uy role of ",'ill h, 'ho On" c",ating ' h e
lutclloc" U rigcn io rtprc>cmctl '!!fom' tuk '0 '0
'he will ,>fthe F.,h<:r
l"1,'<I';,'g the Son. 110"""" affinn.,jo" of a _<SS'I)' '" Ib, c,""atioo
of 10"or bd, "r ",ali i)' ,h~' i.. ,h, ,;-;iLl,' "'on(1 "."",.", 'he co'"
'radi>linc,i"n uf 'h~ ;>;""pl"IOnic c'-"lCep,ion "f crea,i"n f",m tha, "f
Uri!,,,n '. C\lOll 'U-OllgcT.
A, ,,11 c"cul>, e>.'~o in the f~,," case, d"" 11o,inu, i u(lic~tc . the ,,)Ie
of ,,ill i" OnC "'''y or ~llo,h.,r. c""';o" "..,If h .. a char-~c"" uf a
c,,"mic la" ""h", 'h~" ~ f" diri,.... - k ...' of .,11 has h ,h" char.oc
<er of. ~I ~. all ac1 of '-olitioll ou' of lu'~. So ~lo lw"gh
11(~i"u, i",lic~'c> ",/I.
Ibi, '''ggN' tha, co<mle bw uf "",.,iou
",hirh i, ~ ",ha'n'et P"'"""'" ehoice l 'pOOii><" '~ I, or Ijt~. e,..,,,
\\"i,h ",g~f<1 '0 l'eopll,on;'", , hell. Origt,,, is nO' ,h<: 'e"'" ca><
of ~ ,li"i"e "ill " 'h,k h i. b" , a mod" of ,h" o,,~ of , h" di,i,,"
I><ciu& a " .tural m,nir."',,'ion "f ,h.
di"ine l.>cinS itlf_ Such ~ mm
ife>t",iou could hc I"<"s"nlcd a, kwl owy in 'he "''-'" aUCHuatcd "n>c.
h ;. Ibe CRoe uf aft" JiJi.>Io. whith ;" by llO mean' dicm .. l by 'he
",,"',.., of ,he di"in. lieu,S f't' >t. ,I ,k<:i.ion "h;"h h~. "",loj"S 10
,10 ".;, 10 ,be o(jl~' 0( r.",1 Himself. \I'bid, ,nc"", Ik " Ih, ' llOIioo
of God 1IiJru;(/f ,'and. in ~u al>sol"tc ""tological I'''ori,) to ,I.., "f
G"d a' C,,,,IoT.
T I';. i. " ,~"i,,~,ion ou which grea, "re" ..
ho"I,1 be I"". Fn, OD
t:,n d,;, ;, co'>rel~ wbicb co"'";"'',,' :0 m:'pr e.", I )~' "",I :0 m:o,
oi,-. ,,,,,,,[onn.unn in the d~"d'-'Pm~", of ,he Chri"", n ,~",rinc "f
cn~ti"" .
V""' i, aho ,hE- ditJi.",nCf' fmm 'h< H.braic ""np,ion of c,e
.,ion , For ...;' 10 Origen the ca", i, 010' .imply c,n';Ol' ou' uf nod,
u>g, ho' e'ea,ion 0\,1 of wn.
ft, ",g.rd. l~a<o , h< did .dh,'e 10 rhe gcnc(""~1 tr... lition of hi. doy
,h"t ""d,jng "'er bem",", on' "f no,hi "g." n,i, i, a mrumOD Cr",,"
,';e,,-, aCLv'ding IQ ,,'hich Ihe ...mld ]".. nci,he, b<~in " ing nur "nd:
crca,ion out of ",-"Iriug ;" ~ ,-icw gcue,"lh- Dot upheld bl' the dill<rcu,
r.",ek scbool,. E,'en ,'1.10. who '1'()1:~ of ~ l>egjM;"g of ti"'e,'" did
" er A.Il. Cl"""" .,."" "". ","~ of ".n" W ,I.....ciffi, ~orld. 'Ilt .'''''
&-......, XXI d9-Hl. p, 21
~ ,\rutotk poOoo. ou, .... , "'''''''11 .. tJ.mI=. of 01 .. 1"-" Pbro ...,... ,"'-""" do.,
,in .. hMl dr-fini,.. "'"gll,ning; er !'I.J""'-. 2:>lbI6lf. t:,-.n in !ho, C__ , """"'~"
~_ 1""!"" " rt".ruM .. """""",,,,,1,,,.

'"
,'icl to Ill< gell~r"1 ,mdil;" 1I vf hi. <lay. Th~ [)cmi ,"g~ d~ l " ", cre_
nte '" .,/rilc. b"t be put " prc-c..u.ting ,u.>ttCT ill ""ler." To him ,
'hicll)' ",><,,~jng. 'C"," ,;,,"' cm,,;SIS U, bri"b~"g order ""d ',,,",..,,,,,,'
;OH" ;I""", " ""d ill ,,,,,hi,,!: 1";)"000 (h., _ on," notion of 'crca'''''' ~,
found in '!imtvu; ,Ioe. 1101 impl)' any origi,",1 generation 'x nJ.iJo,
but ru, act of nnLcrillg 3"d bringing ")"'n,,''')" i",o the prc-cxi<,ing
ch.,,, of ' he original 'co.mic >!"If' , -111i. i. t he 1~)i r l1 of major COIl_
Ifao, btl'R"n I~."o and Origcn .
."\rrording IQ l~alO, I kj,,~ and ,\e1ioll. In," "xi"cnce ~"d it> ere-
a, ;___ actio n. Sub;tallce and ~"nctiQn . are ""'(11)""0"'" To him.
goo ,,,,,,Id h'H U","'OC]" .... ~ll)' <xi>' cd befolc he actu .lIy c""w[ . .. i.
god', infinite charit)' "",I hi' perfeC!,on ,hat ~Jway. comp'b him"'
to """..,joe hi, crcatj,-c "",,-er in """,aliI),. Th,,..,/,,,,,, in I'llt" t ltere
i. "tt ;mriltS;c o",,,lo,;;cal rO""""';Ott be,,,-co,, wh~t god iIi!<. ~"d
wha, god "-- 'n", di"ioc c'ea,i"i,y .. c""",ly 'h< point ,,fth" rcl<",,,,,,,,_
0 " the contm,y, Ori,;e" dUi hol,1 ' he idr~ of cmDiDg i"to bc;" g
Out of oott, I><;"8, and ~,"<,lIy la)', or"" On th;, n",j"tt, Ott
acco.o\! of lhi' he did nOl ,..,.,1 10 .. ",ploy ;'0)' 11,\o,tic noDO" of
ewrlastiog exerr;" of 110,. d" ';1I< "I<"ati';l)'. God h, H' mself ""d (;od
a, Cn;~t'-" aI\C by no mc~',. ,,}1l0 ,, )'mou,. as tile) .re ;n I'llt" _ 'n"",,
are [Jot ",lIt1 0" th e b-d "f ""tol" IO'- Simply. the latter ,bat b,
tlt e <teati,-e rI<~ i. hu, " ma"ife;,ation of the u ngrn'l~~ble 'hine ",ill.
In 1'1.10, ,he ,h,';", cI<".ti,; ,y is a oon,li'u,io,,,,1 domc", of ,he ohlol-
"lr.-' "f ,I", g<>dhc.d_ In O ,il'n, the acl of ,,,,.,ion cOII>, it", o'~y
" ."",,11 fr..,-,io n of Ill<' cli..-,-,u,,,,- "br"" God -~"d ",-.-" thi, b) no
rn<an, pertain, '0 the di,;,t< o ll to.l<>gy. Thb b th" point whieh k "fiml>
did "0' )!l1U~ " " d he" ", hi. iutc11",btion, into tb. I'rim: w irere h<
,I"a), ,,"id , a probl,'''' for "hieh OriS"o', Ihe<.>log) actually ~ liok'S ,'"
">0111 a' "li _
It i, a ,tark com ra" t hat ill Orig. " it b not "'iU ,",'h ieh i, hop",d
God. bu, it i, (,.orI 1I'''''1f,..ho i, i><)'ond th., n"tion of G",I-, wilL"
I'ollo,,;n! t he "reccdiu! ,1""u,';01l. ,lte co,,",," ",i,1t O rigeo', COO1 _
c<l" ,on of God", Creator;" qu;'e ot",;"u,. \ 1)' anal)'S;, righ' rrotIJ
n 0<#" i, >w"'"' 0( tb" , ..... ....-J ,tot" ,h. ,nU!o, 1'1, W. Cr. ,. ro.,&
nM, ..., ;,. to,; h"","i.roi; l.tlcwl:v<w ... "pi , .... ~,,,<OO""""""" to&.,., "'v.
..-
~ '/ - . , . l(l\,
~
~
tr"" :Hi D; US C.
./....., 29 f. It

(he beginn illg of ,h;' chapler .110"-. d"" in him 11>< II".ioll of C."j
'h"'''if'tI",ill in nil ,,1o10'e ~a1 prWrity '0 tha, of G.J '" CmlkJr.
Tlti, ,oeao'" h' 11," fmal an,dy,;," ",a' lite ex;"eoC<" of c..."uioo io
il.,df h..., ~ fIOfIliugnI' cltaF4CIC" (hi., j, nOl urigi,,",cd in an) """"0/
"'hat""",,,."
'nli, is the ><: IIS<: ill wbich Urige rl a,-cn th.t the "'" to 'J><"ak
e.",rocr" of God . hollld be di.,ingui. hcd frw' 'he e.!'Cuce of ~ " )' cre"
awl MWt" '0;""'; <ill""';"" ti)v o""i,.. ,oil e."" <i.6 .rov,,,,, , ...
lC1'~'''' "i,h " 'hid, (hi, 'has 110 tomm un;ea,io,,' ot; .,;, ",-,,,'..,..\1
a, aU ." Th" acc"",,,,t,, th. radi.al d;",imibnty be,w n c",a,url y
"""ocr and "I"'t i"'clle<:'"al ~1"tr~C1io " "'oold caU d,e 'O,"""CC' of
(;00. lodel. (It.., c~l'resoioo '.., w """k' po;nts !O hi> fU"'\;lIl1e",a1
,-;cw (Ita, r;,~l i> "~'ond ",,,,ncc'," na","')". hc"doe;. "0'
panici"."e
0\ """"'''''' a, ,.u"" r or i, is I". "ho <("ea((~1 "". """"nee". "' Ilich " .'"
,mac.",,!' 1';.,,,"'1"'.'b<fQrc. Gnd ";" tra n""",Kk,,, 1.1> anrthi ng 1Ita!
pertain. to thc ,...,rid" (,1.. u",pl\ai>o"",,,, .';vm '" 'OO ~OO~"" OM"
~",,,." It .. POlf ,,~ccU"nc< in "nil> of ,lte ra,uc.d dj"",",cc tIt,,,,,,,u
,~,.;'''' "an,..., ami c"'"""ely ..""""e ,h~1 ~.., ,.,tical h;,,'"-< to.l"""D
,heto is co" .... ;'"ll. I" ",is eo" ...",. On;;"'I' .....re ... '0 ,), .. 10"" of (".00
fQC Io u"",,, b<ings. ~I !h""gh ;n t~n>" of 'naturc' Ilc 'h"" nothing to
, ~) ,,;t h thom'.'" Ikoce, (~, """>llDt oftLi, oml>ha,;, on G(~f, m(tical
u'ln;u"dC"Dct to 1i1t w"ri,1 (h~n: C~n he no qu,""ion of """nee of

(;00, His I..,o'g i, 1><,'00',1 ""f prol,I,,,,,,,iqo~ ,1.001 c''''''''' "ha,",..,,..
~oc !hi, I"'g-~" to malc se"", 'HlI) " nee ","cat ... " e~ mc i"IQ hcing:
(herd",.,. ""'I,,,. prop"r i. Qn(oluWcaily I,,",Lcrior to God lIim"tf.
In "i,,,,' of ,hi, . ()'" ,."mar of G. ~lorO\-.Li about the 'di;tanC<' of
"""ltt" betwcon Go<1 an<1 (he ",'orld i> o.u ;"<ompk,c 'lMi iruCCllt3tc
ec ho of a 'en ah-c'"I)' "-'1)O"",k<l by Onl:"'" ~1ol"O,-,J.i, ""'ril~iOD
.. WlU,1 rue.... ,hot R. ~', --no.,

lhot 'h< I,oa,k i<.Iea of '",.,..",,, a;1l"
;" th< ,,,..u, ..
of lbe ~."'" ~ ooW""'''' ;" ",,>,".oD< ~ "''' " " " ' " Tbe o-Iot
""""" bt <O'~" to o.-;g.,.,. Cf. .,. "'-. po 201.
" 0,0" XXIII. ~.
".--.oJoh. 19. VI ;.. .,; .."a ...."",,1; [;,j~ \~I. 311 "';''''Q ....,1"". Th<
"""me"t hf,.~"" roj.; ""(''i;' ~ !'WoW< "'''' "'".1\",.
W9J1ll-91, "r.~ to
..... '"I"'_ r .. m. .... f oom ofth< G.ood, ~'"",~;, ' """ """1:. bul bt)",," l";ng.
TIX' ""'"'" of"", "",alt<in< J'""""",,' b.fo..no <"'''"'''' ;, on., .... ,.-<1 in.-...., ~ .
.. cm. VI, " .
.. .ft., '. I
in~,
:1.\, TI .. """""" !NI e-"" ' ...... ' b.., """"",red h<M< cr.,,,ioo, ;, '""'0
>mOL on {'... n. I , IZ, .. . ..... f>tb., oI-tivvot_,;",..;.","" ....."".
" .--R-, n.
.. G. >lo<oo-tli, C - ... RAk /Ut ' .... j3.

'"
,,(,hi> no,;on toJoltu of Dalll",",u'" oho<!kl 'h", he dil<lu~~f,.,.j. He
alw "I~)r,d, 10 ,\"go,,'o. "ho sa;,1 "nihil'I"" ,,, ." """' '1""d "d
-r,ini'alCm I><rlit"'ai. t\i~ 'ltoud Trin;, .., <Q n<heL e' ,h~", i, nut anr-
thing ,,'hid, ;. n;t..l<<l (0 'he Trin;'r. "1"'" f"'lll 'he fact th a, ,he
Trin;')' ha. crcaw! i, ." HUI it ""'" Ori~cn .,,-h o h"d pr<ccNled
Augu'1iue by I"'iuting O\H the mdir..J ;rn:k"nn<e of \l'i'<iom to auy_
1l,;tJg ""'''h:d ,,,,,I ,b. '"ec'1"""'" of a r",~ti' ...,I.lion' 10 ~'e
"o<ld oto ' of lh. hent">knce "f G.>d ci6o.>~;" ew~\_ It " ".., indc~d
Origt"n ,,-ho ,,,,,,,;,,1 ,hat 'the ",,,,,,,, of 'h" Tri"i,y )~" nothing ill
corn "'Oil "ilh 'he <",at;oll "xcq>' ,t",
"'()r~ of go.><1"",,","
I. ,hcrcli>T., C"D "'l" thi" in .... fwontc to God', ccc,,,i,.., ""'. Origcn
,,"" the ."rt.,
;0 " ,n""ner ", bich i, q,uIe j"dieati,-. of ho'" he CQ11 -
,-,-in,. of ,toe '("",al;'" rcla!'",,'" of God '" ' h" cr"~' "'t" II'h"'l<Tt;T
h~ "f.", to th. I.-ins of \\"i><iom, ,!:>mol)- 'I~, Son of r.od, h,' <1""
th e p,e",,' """e ""d """"c;,ha' ,11< ' \\;.<10'" i; heing' \"Hi "'' 1':>:-
W6,,1," 'hereh)" ,.,notillg hi> 00IKeptioll of th< .'erup"ral beiug of
r,,,,i; for h~ ,k",uo 'he pn''''''' ,."" 'he ""''' ,,,,propria,. io order
10 lal~ ~t.ou t 'he he;''!! of C",L " He "llo '1<10'''' lhe imp""e'" ,en,"
"",d hy John in 'he t,.'gin ning of hi, SO.pd a nd ,"npha'",~Uy poill(>
o ul l b", lhe being of the I ~'!l"'" of C,~I i> cxpCC'<'C,i Lluo"gb ,It<
,,,rm ...m' ~'" nO, by any "' her for", '''''h '" '""(,,,",,' i7tvf:10I,
H" aI"" I"';"" "'" ,hat 'he buer " ",i'3hle 'ml} for ,, hat (~"'e into
heing ou , of "mb;"g, 'lI<'h ... 'bfe', For i, ;, J oh" himsetJ "'ho ""l'
tb .. Ijfe 'became' ill ,11< lAJgV>_"
011 tho ,,' hor h",~1. whon ,.,fom "g '0 ,It< "c,,,,,1 c",at""', bc 'c. ,'a
'h i' "" 'f"',,,", bcir'!;" I',j ro6~""", lI.iog the ti""", '''"",,, He .. per_
'en!), COil",,,,,, of 'he ro"notalio" of thi, 'e""'; ;, is use,l '0 04-
c~'" somc,thiog no, rxi>';llg a, 1''''''''''
t"" co",i"'g lmo ,xis ... "",' ,"
th e rll'''''',''
,ha, i" o.for "'ha, i, indicated by tll" p",,.,n, 'ell"",
~ G . tlorov>lO, ._ ""-, 1'- 310, n . I~_

~ A ' ~"'>e, I-" c.-.", _ . I; 1.,1 '" c. ,lof-o,.... , . , tI/.. \', 53,
~ C hD' . . . . . f:"'1k '" "" _ , ~.ll,7,
.
M Ji,1.... I .
'M
,~
" John, I, 'ojiJ'" 11 . In bc, John "')' 'In hOrn ~~, w;,'. I" F, . 11, """"or.
"'" o/runs of ,],., r~ "IoM i. =,.;o,.,-.-d ~i~ , "" fu.I.,.,,1' PU' ""'" 'Without hOrn
~., no< . ,,' !h;,'II m..k, Wh .. I...... "" ill ~;"" ''' I,"'"
.w.. "0 ytp,:,..... ..,;,,0 !;o>/I ,....
"""I;
o,;,oii .,....,,"
~ JiJ<i-. I.

,Ad
'''n """*'''' oq~ -u ..

"'''''' JO ,..,,,,,," ~ PI"'I ... ,.,'" ".,.. """!'O '" ""!-'
-~-", '''"\I '" ""'I"'~ 01 m.>ruho.l P"" 'on', '--V "! ''''1'''''')1 ~ ...owir".1 ~
-XIX ';; ...".,.-
Xl "' .. n'''''''~ "'1'>.'"1 ',,,!q~ ..... !"'.)Qj... ,,<h.;, 0, \)~'''!V'I' ... " '''''''' "" .....
->m>'.""'l'O JO .>mu, "'l' '" r"I'Joij.., >q rr>"I' '.~",.""'I ~ "'LL "'
'<4' ,11"[1, , ..." -'J~411'U. ~..,." 1'00 ,' 1"" 1~'I' ... ""'P' . ~ '''-'' >Ja'l'
IC'I' 'l!e"" ""~"u '''I' I~'I' p.>nllJ~ O<f" J"~'I I 'pop .)01 <>i IHI~ '~"L>q
_IIOtl JO ,no llL!p', "lO'! PI..L"-" "1' :!n!-l'1 0, ,I"II!"', Ik'O 'I"""..,,'''E'
"""I 'P~""~ '"4 p,Jo." -'4' 0, ''''!'~PJ ""m."" _,!,,>,.) >Oll!, ';>O.i.J~""
"~IIU1 y ,(0" ,~"w 1011 I"~" I ' I"'U " O, " Pl"'-" '4' .~ "' ) 'V
-,"o!"b",,,,1 0", ,.,,,, ) 0 , alp'" In
OQ!I~I>J .>If!.I" >.""~" IU:"'~I'P '\iI'"'I''''' ,I'P <1,,<1,1' "1 le' I' ,.on JO
"'u~, '~"!'!"~I' .,.i ,!,~duj! "! U !~lI~ '! '! J()J 'UIJ'''' OIl' IIQ ' u"!; ~4'
0, uO'"_1"" "J"~'~.i "1' JO I"'" 1'''"'1 ~ u o ~41 "" PI'0_" "1' 0, UO!,
-.1'" '_PO<.) JO M-J1.\ "4 "'I'1lOO ,,-<SuO "04 -H~,,,o'l '''''' 0' ~""S>
-,.>]", ' ! ' I '<>-'J8u" ""K,'l '" n"" ," ''''p'''," '" P"fu"&>J "'I pln,,-..
'''OS ~'ll 1''''' p]>o... J 'I I "110<1 "}~ '<'OS '' '1' '" , ,"W.~ J'l l JO <'0!l~1'"
"1' """J "'>J~jJ!1' "H"'" ,,," I~'~ 0' UO!'q1J ~ " ! l)Du," 1'1""'1 ' "'l
plno.", .... n'~ " " ! ,.>.""e 'I'.,1 1'1'0.'" , ni' ""1 ' 'S"!" " !":>!I JO n"!",,, .'"e
,,,o'J 1J.d~ po:) 'p c", S"''''l 1'1'0_" "4' JO ." .'~, PP4 " ,~O JI
-NCJI " OJ .>01'
0, ,~.~ "'-"';',"' .>n ," 'p n~ ',"'""''0 'I"'" op 01 >I""I"'WO< ','"'1 ""0"
-"xl ""'''' ,eq ' ,d.;>Je '" uo .....u ,'u~ .>.1,"1' ' ! .0N '-'(H'I '!4 U! "I"""
'''''!''!l<nr J" ,,,,,!,cil~lIe .",,,, ......L,I' ""'_'" <!4' '" ~"(1:X1 'tI"~J
,O ll 01' 'JO_\""04 .. 'I;,li_.d 0_", " '''4J. -pu~1 " 'I"" PI"'I 0' " ,s!-,O
>lu",o."",d,),I iIlu " "')/''',1 0.'" ,~." "4 U' '"'11"''> n~4"'po~ Vo~
JO "u !Q~(h"u~ l~lLl",' ,,,, .1'!1 ~"!'I'" u"," 'u 1'1"'_" .q ' ,pJr....u ~4
''-'1' ' ! 'U!4 01 p"'I!-'''''' '" ,,"' ~'l.l. '1'1''''' '''1' .""1.1.,,,
JO JO ""!-"""I'
I'""IIE:M'" "I ' PP'1 "1 "'4' p.>1H!"P 'l l e.,,,~lJ ' ! '! ",~, " 1("1'"
iIlIol""4' "'1 ,oJ "'I. ""I '~W!' JO .\:3010'''0 ',,,,81.10 JO le.'~.u"'l ~'I'
JOJ '1"0 IOu ' ,,(0) 1"''>tU' ~ " :'P~'" " "f " ,c4 I 4'>'4" ",,,><!"~ KJU I~P ",' I' .~! LI" ' ",,[ '''1'
J" "' """'" " !" PI"'! "p. J" ,p. 1'''' .",klp. q,,! LI" ,-"",lOt.'" ,,~ .,' 0" "I'
"I ':>ju "lid '4' JO ' u~"" " '1 D,,!,e.... ~ ~'I' 0' "'~VI '4' JO .UO!'
_e[>J "''''~:>J". ,'4' 0, 8uu.,~J'" " 11 JP' U'! H f>O!} , p"~kl~ ;)(1 PI'."
4""1" Uot,e:>'p,,,,,1 ~ IOu " " P"~ "IOP'J ' ,Po<,) J" , nO .,we:> "o!,
-,,"!, '''fI '~'I' "n~I"!~~' '''1 ,n'l L '-Il .. lid . '1' , ... n ' '1 %""'l mu!
><(1, '" "'_" "'I{" LP!" U"!"-P' ~.,! le .... ~ ~ 4" 1 'l ~ "" 0' U'<1'<!.\ \ JO 11""
'4 ' 1''''' ~'.:>J' (" I"'~ JO """'''1' ; '1' '" "'1''' "I U~'I'" "{IIYU~i
H:I "'."(11"-,,,,,"" ILL>"'- " :,<CI.O." '.T t O~'>..~ ' 01~

'"
th ere ""'" I",' h God .nd hi< lkcUimI h> cr<"'~ IICing. ()I" of D<)1l -
h,,;',g.""
(,,' '" ,hcn "'r ho'" the !'daoo" of ,he r.&>.r w ,h, Sot, " por.
tr.)od. ,\ l'a",'W' from /wtIIJ" dcoc,yc, (0 t,.. q",~cd ;" full . 11 <he
m",co , in" it ha, h""" >,,,,,,,time. f~lJacio",Jy <x>ru, 'nJed:
If ".,,)'.".. ,..I", c,"omi" a,;n i, , . id to I", ~ ... o
I' 'he dc--if .'"
'~<n "'" h .." 1"",,, bc8""<" ~' \11< ,1<,-;1 .. ",.ny tunc '" ,,~ b. ,-<
cODun;"".j ,in" mi"".bI< th_n [, h. "nu j, b<Bo1!rn a),,-.), <ltf b)
,h~ de.-iI "",I. ,!!",,,.
I ~,,,,", I i, bc "ho i. t",!!<",,,, al",,,y' "'~ by
God. f'o, I ,h,U "'r oJu, jw "'.n ha, bet" bogvt"n by 000 _
o,J ) 0000 .,;, yitp &.u~!. hut he " o<go' '',,, ""'-~Y' .,;.{ 00' of .""~
p,rticul.r gouo:l ,h<l ill ",hlch God b<b~ <>. jo" moo: ...,1 if I le, )""
~O"'" .1.""tI1c s.,> jQur. ,1..,1 Lbe F"""', ,lid nOl i"" "'-"'" "'" Son
. ,.1 d"" "",-",1 h;", r",," I,,, 11""""-"10.0>. b,,, ,J,,'a'-' beg. ... to", ol.l(
07>.'"'""",' ".'''~o u,. ~;Q.. ..,l ""'~""'" """'" a
,~J""'i~ ..... "".w.
AA' ".{ l""'V& '"""'. Ihco I w;dl "'r
"'''<'Ilw,!! ,iow., .horn ',,)'
ri!(bl<ou. 01"" . 1'<1 ,,,..,.. I]"'tl "b" wc s."ivur i~ Ho is >Jl '.Hi ... ~
of glory'.'" 11'" <~"''''' "') dc" ,he elllu<nre of glor' ..... O<gol"'''
"'ICe .. ,d " ,,0 \c"'gtT 1,"1<"'''''
~ ii"ft~ """vqtftl .:ai (J/,t; """".
'~", I"" ,I;c eAl"c""< oro..r. """ gko'l ;' ~te" '" lo,,~ a, lhe".
;, UI< ligh' ~Iojcb """'''' the <lll"cocc. 0", So,iu". i; Goo', I holO'
.r..-l thi. \\,,<lom i, "" .Hiu" ..... of ..-",01 ligl-o".'" Siuc< d",,,fo,,,
,be S.,;"u, " .;J""I~ I",go<"" ,; /, ~"";;p 6,; t",.i.."", ,hi, i. ,..br
he "' 'he beg<" '"e before all hill,'"' he OOc' "'" "')' Ih,,' 10< lo..
loo:!"",,"II "'" loo:f"", allhil!" hu, he .. )~ '11< loo:g'" nle loo:fOT<" all hill,' ,;
hence '''' S. ,iuur ;, aJ~'a)~ bcgOl1<,. by Ill< !',oil<' "", l<"'Qra,a"
I> """';p ~'" rot. .,,,,,,,,.'"
T hc ",mc no,i"" i. fOH n<l ill 111< 1'riM:
no< 1'",10" ixgr" 'he onl)' l"'go1l<n &,,, .. ~I bring> f"nh " 11,,)"
Spiri', ,,0< "" bcUIS> ~1.., <lid n<JI <>.1>1 loo:fOl'C, hI" ;n ,h ...." ... IhJ.,
">J>iti ..al ~O<IJ' """"'"""" "'go_" or..., othe, 'rgum<",~,. ""h. <Wm,
,.,., f..,. .. (I ... ;" "" ,h.-.gh' d", .... "'" or 'f)irilu.o!' ...u ...".Id' ,,'100:" urd
"""""', """" DO -en"" <10< on!) """pOOn ~ OrYn', ""m 'mklhtuol " ',d;!'
_to\<; ' ';'',.0.;' ......:I in , ~""'& '''"'''''' ~" ",""" "'''
""'""" "" Sun or nn
God, I"," ...
,I",
thi. ''''~'''''''"
'~'u<Id' Iri.g ju~ ' ''''''J''''~. Cl. ~. 19,
""11.. .Iow. . , I", fiJ""', '.\, 11"",,-,..
1"'''''"' Uu' 0.-;11"" held , _.tin< n
" I:!:n..v"" "' r.n-i.<i<1'" OD. l.o Cu'.c;"'", _

"",~Ioj~ "" ~_""
of '''''otil~
00 0)", " ,,,,,,, ,,,,,,
or <f<.ti",,-, cr..\ It.mm,",
in ......... I<~. , ~ .1_',
W . 10, .
~, I JoM 3, 8 .
.. 11";'. I, I,
.. \\"'- 7. ~'6 .
.. \,,~ 7, Z6.
.. ~, 9, of, " ....., """'lJMo, I, "X)X,

139
the Pother i,.he ong;n >nd "",,"" er ,he s.o., 0' ,he Holy Spin, '''~I
no .h""glo, of b<{"", tff . fk, ,." b< '''''''''''ncd j" ''''I'''''' of ,h.-H)."
A,,;, i<k. \1"" "[;00 ,Ioc ~'''Ioe,

"'"r ex;",-d. ",'n, for" ,"ugle ,no."e!,',
"i,],,,,,, 1xg<, tti"~ hi, \\'"00,,,' 11' i, '"' I'~cid)" n;j e'''<l_
It i, '~mad",hl ha'- a. ,)~" poi'" of 1'rW, h ~ fe ... to ,h. ",I.
,ion of .he Father to th e Son hy comll1eoting on 'he "'lI1e ",np.
'mal pa"a~'C ILW.,.Iy, l'ro,. 8, 25) '" ill the Gft p""-'ge ill hi.
Homily 011 Jeremiah,
God ,,os .1,,-.)"> ,be "''''cr uf hi, ",u),I><g"'''" ~o, "'hu "", iJ~ld
loon, from I,~" ""d dr"~~ ),;. being f" no ) ~m, I"" he ;, f'" ";,10",,,
on)' b<-gi'''';og, nut on~' of ,10., k;n(! "'hi<h <1n be- ,h.';ngu;",<d I,.,.
p'n.otl> er
rime, bI" .',," er ,Iu,
k;nd "'!ll,h ,he 0.,00 :tl<me i. "'01
,~ ro.,,<m pl.tc m
;,,,,If .od to )", ... m-e, if I"".}' "'" ~')', ,, ;,11 ,10, b. re
iDld "", ,,,,1 .,...,.,. W;iu<n, ,b,,,,fUf<, mu" I", belie\-<d be)"OIld "'<
b",i", er
'H)' b<,wu"'''g ,I... , ,," <On speak er
0< u."h .."",d, '..
Th ,!> Oris"" ."",nHmt", 0"'" again ,I .." it ;" 'h" 1"'''''''' ",,'..
,,hir.h
can n p re" ,,;th mi"ima] i" occuFdc)"' the rela,ion of 'he I'"'he. '0
'he s,>n. Certainl)" 'all 'hill S' wc .... ",a<1t: hy hi",',''' hil I 'he him,df
is IJdim ""'-"I)',],;og' E; rtd
'",.d.. ,," )"' hillg' ~,x. ,o~ ft ~o,~=, ,'"
'n,;. OOt;"o ;" ;n6,;,,I,. "al",l iu .. pitby I~".ag' of ' h" t:ighlh
H"",ily 00 I... ",:
Ch,;" ;" ' he ";,II"!I" of che iu,is;hl" (;",1'.''' nor "''''ing h'",s.elf
""- ;mag<' Q~ l""o)lh~ , ;~o.v ,; 001 'he ",her h~ "d, th e """I ~.",
modt 'in imagc' ,if "" imag< (, Im' i., in im"!(C of Cl,n") "' hieb "''"'
'"x;"illg b<fo" hCf' I' )"" ; . befo.e creatioll "Uti "1<0 , ' ,;,ru",
.""ii.(,~o""n' o;,,~<;\, A.
a """.', of f:,Cl. e"el)' """I ,ui,., '0
become ,"e ~ "'a gr of Cl,,';,,' ,,1.0 ;, ',10, ""hel)l"', ,he So" of (;od ,
'he im"1!" "f COO'. '"
,~ _. IL~ . 1.
.. Not, 12,1,
.. /1flL H,,,, ~" alode, to the S<oi< """"" <Ji .""""",,.. .....,.""";u: .,
"'fro, 1'1'_ l~
61.
, ~ Jvhn 1, 1.
,. ot/h, ll, I'G 11.1:11;"; ">Ii<:. ,nine.
" I'ruo.', an
'" _ ...It..., " , 11; ...00. mw.
", Col, I, I~.
,. _,"", 8: i"'-"<> ""-""

What O rige n ' ''<'''gly +1.<
h",. i. a ll)' im plica'io" (1"11 (h ~ hinh
of'he Soil i, all ne,,! whicb OCCllIT1:t1 OIlCC and 'h<: So" <:m""ha<:_
aO,,", Th e birth or ,he s,m. ,1" . ,da,ion of (h~ h lh", ,,, (b e s,m.
i. ~n ... /()~aJ rrWi.", n" n",io" of beginning, such ~, coming in(o
being ou( of non.being, ca n [", .pplied to (his ,
lIu, (hi; i. exac,ly ", ha. Origoll '!1ft"'" ab""a ere.' io " . T he e~p""'_
';ou 'to come i11l0 i><iug ou' of nOll .bein g .. ')'pic~l of 'he ,,-ordillg
'h rough wbicb be lJOi o", t" c"",ia". lIy ",eam of ,hi, e"prt',,;oo hi:
co!)r,..... ,he Son'. I..,;ng " 'id> rhe """"inc of ,,,,ario'"
T he binh or Ch';,,'" ~ ,,'" "'. ,' rrorn noo.I"';;'g to bcino:... " '''' 0
~Ie rlunlo:, ton i, i "") frurn 'I"';og if, f ...m , of god " " 00 ""de..
,,,k"'g ,I", 'Con .. or . """ ... " ,'.'"
'n"" 'h e $or, . ",~i k. th e ",,,rid. i, c,,",-,'c rn.l " 'i'h ,he Fa,h,,, is "
t<11<1 of Urigeo ''''tif,ed '0 by <",illellt Fao he"" , ueh a> ,\ (ha na,;",,'"
abd 'h e h"",ri",n Socr",",. ' " A, haa .. iu' d early in,lic"'te' i, wa. ,I.,,,
OrigtH ..-h<> i n'pi~1 hi", in m uch ar hi; h,,,,,
"1I,i",( Aria n.. "" L'"
The coll l,.." iot ,he ,,,.,, ditrem' l ,,ay. u\ " hich I.., "'&.,,!, "'''''''
t"o difk",,,, ",k"io" , s...,, /,,-<Jrld '0 God i, ' Iui,e """Ro"" the " " ..M
ca",e illt" l>c iug out of rl"u.l><i, ~ , Such a notion ca rl hy no "'''''''
I.., appli.d to ,h. SOD.
11 is indic-. ti,'e of ho" it"'I>;;!)' Origrtr f...1s '<boon d" , ,';e" I),. ,
I,, ",,, ,,,' ns ",,, 'a:ohbly tr,<Iic" lo" , ",10<0\ h~ rrr,.,., '0 the (wO unp<>rtS
"f , he te,m ',,' i..:lam: "'I!"rding (he ' (h"o",m~ta' (or. ohjc"" of ("{Ill '
1< mpb tio rl "",I '"",,so n. (which a f ~ a l" , caU 1 ',,'ooom'), h ~ "',,.,,,,
'"
,~
110 mm
1'InL 2. 6.
10 "'" I.><>m. """,
'" I~ , n , 2. 7:,fr.llolt 3,
, ~ ,\ ",,", .,; u~
' ..
D. I ~
So>.',""~
1';'_
,1''''_
.~. 27, L 2,
t:.x-. .
8oo~ 2. doapl.. 21. 10 oJ-.e """" "'(Ht. JIvo. ~.
' hop"'" 12, Sooc.-.""
"Mo"""" "''''' ru.d)' ."""W ~" ""ID,! lh<m br
U>m< .\ t "h,.~ .. or OI)"'P''''- F.u=dU", ,of "",i.o<h, Apotb,..,.;", Tbo>pIwu' or
Oo-;r" ''''''')"'~ m. Son .. ><"tn.>! ~; Ih U"
f._,
AI<......u-;.. .o.J",ID,!" ",,,",,.,, .... ''''' 'hem All""";",""! I" ''''<n .... ''' .to""
It,,,, ;,. 00w K _!,>",", '""'" 1" ' to . ."bin' "'h,,. -j', ...... d...
rt.n.x.i~.
"",nt or,Vw or
""""'" Orip-u , ).,.,.." . . . '<Q<1u-.dK ..... , ,h. , "- lk",;, ~ ~ 1.oIe
""""w..:
ID"
,."" 'b<~,;"g' "
i. 00tb tt.c.><J"",oI aM "'''''''''' .. A lt lit <>O' ~ '0 ~.o;l ""', oh<
, lit _~ ~ lUt~ Oo-;gffi ",-.uc;1.Ij' .od "" "'-'n)' oirn"
.otrl! ..", to m.".brion 1>-",= 01 ... f"otlN", ...1 'h< Sun, In"ro,., to otanol tor hi.
ronte.ooo .IxM ,loo oo."(,,e or .... 'n'll (",..." , '.,. cot" p, I!>-IJ. :0>",,;' ''I, 61"
I' 1 ~ 1: ..,., os fi" '" 10""";'" '" 0,;,..".
oo.:kw, ~'bjd-, th< \ b:.oo><loW, ~'"
'" ~rogIy "r',,1.

,ha, 'he)" a", nul btgioningl.", h,,' -"mM';' " in 'hi' "")' (hi, ',,-i ...
'"
dom' is di,u"S"j,hc<l flu", ,10,' I,",:oon or ' he Sol, of God "'bo time-
1",.ly "'" (n(>1 "'""'" "' ;,h the l'a,lk"_ '" T h .""". ,,,,,w.,, i, mnrc
1">c,",,,11; <>pre,,,,,d in ' he Ca.., ... here lilt l"'Aicictl'ial <,,"'''';011 I,h",
i., c,",atjo" of ',hw",m,,"" and 'Te"""" i. "du mhr."c,1 in tenn, of
l'rt'gnMty' lOt, co "<q~i()n: ,,;'ll~.,:;': ',he bt-gi"ning of heiug li ..
U\ ~'" ooocq"io,,' by ,b e 'mothd 5,,, tb;v'~ " ... U~ , ri)~ npx"'"
,ij, """'"0''''' <I"<I".'" """ i" I.h~ c\i,';nc hr~_
Accordi ng to ,h i. rc1";oll of cr~~l i"D to G",t he i. "a, ..i a, ""ints
a< th" c.. " .. o{ ere",;o" . TI, ;, i. apl~i1 ,,, ,h. "o,io n of 'com illg
;"'0 be';" g o ul or Il oll .being", to (he cluti,-c .et of God, ,,-hieh ;,
10 ,1" . c..."";o,, of !>oM ;"eo,"!",,,,;,i ;,,,d CO'l",,,,al o'''ure. God ;,
".,ed '" "~ "-,,. ' h) ,in ,," of the r"Cl th" h, cn:atcd "''''1>Of'<'~1, ~ "d
iJ\co '1"J",~I, w. (I(l)~a,,~'" "". , ... ';00',,,,,,,,,,,
'11' ,o{""". iu,;v,,,,v
ait,,,,, 9<0 .. ,'"
T he ."me 1'rc<lication ;. attribute,1 to CI"i>1, ina.mucb . , he L'
rega"lcd al Cre~tor, na",el)' .. \\',..to", ,,' h<o ''''illed' 10 '"",ept "
r ... ali,c ");,tOo,, '0 fu"'''' beings'. '11"" Chri" is 'C'~ ~"" I",c""",
il ;" he who g.,.,e 'he 'be;ng' fllli,ia . .. "" ,;, ' ; 'IlI' ~,~ " ", "f
,~""beiu!!,. '"
In "bOther instance, Chr;" ;. "a,1 '" tbe c"'"... of ......".,'th ing.
be it ',,;',l>le or iOl,;'ible, in 'he >e1\'" (h., be ';' hefore ,hem a nd
'hc ca"", of Ihem' ",,,I !I~'''' [bem llteir 'being' I, ,, "VIlI",'" ,\, ,I""
I",;n, O ril(en '''''kc. ckar tha, he alhode. t,,~ "nl), ,,, 'he ,,<" e,l "",
,tion, b ,u also to ,be J"''''ide",ial on" ho >pe." of the "",",ns a,
well "" of the ""b,mntiti<."i<)O 000"""" ,''' pointing O)lt thnt Cltrut
is 'he 'cau,",' not o,ily of th .. a<tual "xi"ctoce of Ihin!(S, b", also of
.. ,,/,fu.. I .
~ C. l<i~ ,_~ . f<o- gnnkd ili_, o.-'.!f<n "'101 , ,....... of"",," ,) of ,I.. ",00.1
'1 .. Ciloi>_ I - . a ~."- ....... pp. "0--2). I h,,,, 01,,--.1) "......,J ). ". m~,.L:"
'" "'b ., ,...""'~ UtWo" ' i "",' or "'" or
'<"(><''1"",,,,' U... So" ''f. riI.. p, tlo,
"- I, ~ ,.,..,.1Iigg r..J1<d '0 I!""'" iliu ~ ... ,..'" \\'odom.oo I"'!!"'._ ..... I,wr
'0',-,1"""" of ,loo _ . the n:" of ,lw-m b_, ..... 10 d-oe <er,- ~t ,h., d-oe ",00.1
~'" I~t "to be;.,!! "" , at "",,\>o>i,,",
,~ c..t, 3, ''"''''''''"''8 "" S<.>s or<:o.w 3. ~,
,,, "rp'.2.
,~ If>ro. I.
,~ NW.. I,
,,, IkL

,.,
th e ',ea.., ,, , r", 'hcm-a n",i"" 1() whi<h he ""rib",,,,, par excel_
lence 'he DOli,,,, of 'colUing iuto bein/!" ,"" of Ilon_being'. ,.,
I" the r"'''~~ ' of hi' daun, "bou( Origrn', lhm'gllt, C. BilIg ",~'"''
to ""..,..i~" hi, doctrine of (""fa';"" "j,t. PI.wni,,,, . 11 ,- l 'k'''''. h',...
"'..,c. lha, he ('"..m no, 00 ,t"1t '!trough all immediate ",1"';"0 ",'i ,h
I~at(). For in the }",,,,,,,, 'he ,,'o,lrl of Id,,. .pp"au to h.wc ""
indqJC1\J,,,, <t<m"l C_ThtCllCC rolll 'h" lJcmi 'lrg<". "",llligg "dmowl
.0:18'"' ,b",."lb ,.... he.D<i<"."',. .tu >U,"';b tht- "Ilegalion or l'Ia",,,j,,,,
in Origrn lh""'~h a con t)cnion ,,-ill, l~)il o. eo"c~p' of e,,,aUo.t>.
according to ,,h"'!. ' he Idea, i " .11 the dj,';n" ~lilld.' " lh" Ihi, i,
wro ng ,incc iu !~, ilo 'here i, " 11,,0,,;c !l"lion to which Orij,'<""
"""tep' of <"'"';Ob ;, ,httd}' cull,,,,,, .. l: I'hilo <o",iders ~ -"'odd of
idea" "ludo f"unio n "'" ou l)' n. ",od,: I. bu, ~ho ... 1fO:imt ,,,,,,,s.'"
']'l~",' efli.ien' cau,",' ha, ... '0 ~xi" t.'gin.,jngkSil)' ill a Iinll'lr .. "orld.
which i, not 'h~ ca", ";lh Ori!!,,'!: here 'h" mock], arc p..... " , ill
'he ,,.,rld . 11)" arc:: II(~ Ir"'''CCU(kr" bciJl~. In OrigeD. 'he ot!i<=c'
ofl'""'i<1o,,,i.,1 cTta,ion con>!i"".. ~rI ",/U(J/ Cfea'ure, lh...., "'ea"m"
a ... IlU' CI"~lU,.... "'h"n-,,, 'h" sol. 'ca"",' of crc::ation ;; God.'" ,\ ,
d.e W",id<"otial "'''g'' <"rc::~rio" i, am" .. I}'" fuUy ...",1 fan .,,,, c,..""m"
"f" L'~n' fon" .
Ihid .... "-' 1~,jJ() r&", to an '''rigi,,"1 """d.'",heT1 '.. an ;.of""he~. ] "'''. h o"'e"~r.
'''P)X>'' ,hi, ",,,,niv" 1,1' 'I'p~.l i"g '0 a ~ ".. h,",. God i, pr.
""led 10 erC',e in I~a",nie ,,n ... n~md}. "" -I"",;ng in order
",ha, i. di"",-"'rly' (nlV a~",,~;(<v ;" KOo~'" ,,6<{.;t T lI" ()1l1.,. difr~","e"
from l ~ ,,,() i, ,lto , I'hilo fJC1~ci,-c' , h;, c,ermd 'di>orc:lerl)"' c""mic .. nl<
a. 'i"e O'f>O'"~al' . ," (l,,id,,,.. the", a... ,,' I",,, '''-0 ,,,.,",, ".",,, of Ph do
'" .,ji'>, n
~ c. ~, .,. <'I.. p. \>91,.
". 1 '11;, ~'" >bo b<"!d h)'",I,., I'\atooi", .och .. l'Iu=~ of C!.o<ron< cr
1'101/. "". ,. 10.1: Wq.&"" 'fil n.... ' ..... I"",""'" 1; ~~'I> 01.0(", '"" (10<..;
""""'"""""," iv "". ''-''''''''' ' <a\ ,a,....'''''''''.. ","
E.l<-OO ''''''''''. ,.;; , ....
t.o,~,
,A C( /" ~ JI..Ji ~f.:r: ~: iHIl; 29C:
MW- ,1>,..... ,. ":"8 ..m. \'1"""1'; 0100 cr
I.,. .liI1!"'''''' Lobn, ~ 1'\: '"
f'I.ow , T_, 28.\/f '--;",1 W
A.1t . elm .. ,".,. '"', p. 6 1, n_ :170.
Cl poO'" ~ , .. rt (".od ~ ~"'M .. the ""'" of Cf,,.t;',,,, ~ " XVU,
~. 2. I; ><ih. l'; H'_, 1.
." /" ~ ,11...... lS; "". Ch """,,,-
.~ n.
QjIIoo ,11_. 1.39 h

143
(h,,( orrmiou ou( of no".\>ei1lg i, i",po.. i l~r. '" although he <ond",,,,,

,he '"'''' (h~l (I,, c=nos bas .I,,ays ,,~;,,",I , '" I'hilo', p,,,;,ioll is
,,"deae '''' )''.... )'. ,\!j C hri... "phee Stead ,<"",,10,,'" .I'houg h I'hilo
"Ot,<kmn. (he ,'.".. (10.( ' h< ,,,,,m,,. ha, .1",,).. <xi,' <<l, h< "')!I""
(h"t (her< wa> DO (ime 1>4,,0 it I"'S-d"" " hll( h< also p,r.ph,,,,,,,
(he T""""" p"",.gt:Oot ,J", good""", of ,J", nrmi u'W'''' .(](I use, it
\0 "~pl" i " GOt!', or<irti"g of the fo>mos iI, 'lC<ord~,",e "'Ih bi, 1'''''
cx;,r;"1! dt-ot('I>." Ilis re.ding of (he 1""""", theed",,', .II",,~ a
ddlDit< c['<a(ill' act which iu fact w io,'"n(,,"oo", ,'" Thi. ""'"..
'0 rllk DU' th, aUegoti",,1 " ' I'b ,!:>,i"" of th. I"'" '<1,,,,,
'hollgh I'hilo
I""" onc '0 expl.i" """'y 'he ',,;x dl)~ of ",,,.,ion'. O(h"r poi"" ru-c
';" 11'1), kfl ""cI,...,..
fO/' in".... >c h",, WIl" I"'ga:" cllhe"., or :,IIer'
(he r,,'~'Oo" of ,I", ""rid.'"
In fad. 'h~",fo", Orig<n', coocqMi"" of p,,,,'i<l<,,,;;'1 cf'Cal~m OI n ,
IIm be a;!()(::jntcd ,,'il b 1'Ililo', \'i~~ . Fo, in Ori~'Cn ' he 'I~"tcn '" ru-c
cre"dted .. / if'1WIhv.". they ",c " ,C"~I p." of crcat~m . 110' a tmn,
><.nde", .. "I'" of i,. T hry .'" I",ing, well as tuocrioning, ~illlin
lite ,,"'0<1,1 , T hi, i, ~ cri'ic~1 poin( 0" "h;ch O Og<"', (hough! ",,,,<i<
in LVI" ra., (0 ,he COIT<>]>O" ' " "g "">cl of 1'1';1",
'ne ide ~ of G",I a. c~ " ... ' "f '",eotio,,' Iho(h the pru,;'ku,iil
"",I (lCwaJ one ;, of utm(t imp""""," . For ,h. "dOl>D"" of lhe
n",io" of "',." i, strikingl), i",~c,lt;'" of lhe eonl~ion of crea,ion
h~\'i"g ~" (lC1U,d I",gilln;~,
A f"nd,mell"'] pOl\~ipk >c' fi"..h by Ons,", ;" 11"" /i:M! pro<mJ,
from a '''''''' ","iI "",,,,,,..u, "=. "'Ki""in{,.'" The '-Cl)' f.et, (hercfolT,
,It", <re~,io" had a 'OW< entail:! that i, had a &<g...,.;"g. toO. R. Sor:dW"
" ... 11iol1, ~"'( Otigen .",,:';n. ch:" 1]0.", is ~n 'u' '''lligible " ',,rid'
"Itieb;. '"ilOOuI I",;:hu\;ng" " i. oot com.'<'l r ha", :d...--"'I: "'1>"'-'<1 ~"I
(he ,m 'j,udligibk "'01'1<1' rn.:,1ao, no '''''''', sin<.. "u,;"'" ''''ilh",,,
b<gill ll ing' i, a II",i,," .I iell to thi, fca me of thoL'IoIht. Th" 1><"";"-'
also '0 ,b. prm;,lcotial o... a, iou. 'n .. ',e~!()n" a",] tftwprj_ "hicb
,~ V. ,1<......... M'-;' 2..'i: V. " . . _.. /.p.., 1.l66.

' ~M~M __ 7,
m CM".... " ... , 50,,,"- ,,,,..., ... UM/t "'0fI<i!1, C."Ibrio..." 19'~ ' . p. 6'.
,~ /1flL :/ti.
,~ .,.......,, ~-
,~ M ~ M....!'. ~l 2_
'" IIM. 13.
,~ M Opfri< M.odi, 2'i
.. , tm., 11tH ,
,.. IL s..-.bjO ." <iI., Zll. n. Il l,

,.,
are lh~ o Ulcome of ,ha, ""'31;011 hoJ a bq:inni,,&. Thi. i. ,,-ha, duded
R. So",bji ,,~l hc,.,,, I,;. ""''''''IJtI()I\ ,h" 'hco CTC... "rc. ex;>!,d 'tu"..,
al""ay",
C'rt"inl) ' hi' 'co ..",' doo-, nOl impJ~ all) n",loll of ," .. ",lit y; ;1
o,J)" ,ugge", Ih ", tho ,",'orl,1 came in"> bo.""g "ut of nOIl.heing,' ''_'
woU '" that it ;. God who ,"",,<1 ,hi. world to bc." The rac. ,hat
G",i cr<:~too<l the ",0,1.1 doe> not CO",,';""' 'my C~L",Jj tj" ,,'ha'soe>"':
10 bt the ,."", of ",..,,,,;on ,10<.-< nOI ne<e",~riJ) imply ''''r '......"Ii/J.
C""",til) i, ~ fJ'iNipk ~c<ording 10 "hieh """,,,dung Ms 10 come 10
P"''', .. " r~.ult uf a PH",;",,, occu,,,,,,,,,, ' ",;cording to Ariototle ,hi.
OCC U'TCllCC might be <\"10" ,imuilan<ou,\. G",i ca""",1 the I'wld to
be. not according h) an)' principle, hut ju," b<ca".. Hefta(Jo dfot
_, ,,i>hcd 10 ere,,,c. C a""'~ I) <:an hard) he rei",,,,1 to a "ouon of
'for (",;e ', Ckrum nc ... :.ccomolg 10 prionple ""'h as <a\IS:.Ji,y
come 'Cl 1'.... mo", than once,
Morro,-cr, here wc hare Ol1<" n~>n:: i",licmion of Orig"u', con_
eep,iou of Gud a. (OU,,,,,,,<1 "'i'h ,be P\."onic conttp' of e",~"'r.
,],h,' 1'I" onic ('.00 Iws '" be en'.'or; i, is in hi, nann'e, ., (;",1. m
c,..,,"~. ']l,i, me'"'' 11"" Wc (",ati,, ,,,,uon is an ..kMtv,,[ "''-""plt.
aotri~",<d to (he I~.tollic G....-I; "-, ..-<11 "-' '0 'he PI",in;"n Olle, 011
th e C""1T~I). for Orig<:u (,,,,d crealed thal I,. <lAm! c,""aturn '0 be,
tho, "~. "=tlln:' exi" IM-...., God "'il!"d >0. hut neid"T do<' ,hi .
,Ii"ine "u follow ""Yp~ Dor is ,), ;. '''~'' <0 all) ",,,,,bl;, he,1
Ot,.. coml"' lling c",a'iol'-
T1>e "'I)' ad"lltiOlI of 1.1,.. notion of """", llo"-crthde ... l~";,j\.-I~
bring> "l' hi, filDrl"m,,"'~1 I"n," 11"" cn"~tion i. no' ]><'gill ningio-s. ,
Wh", ;" mOn"o 'he idea of beginnjng i""lf iltdubi"hl), i ",~ca'e! 'h"
(;",1 H;lD><"lf i, pM< '0 !h" 0"<:,,,,,<1 ,",I;ly. 11, f;.c< OriS"" npl ,okls
th . pM""i]>l" !ha' 'Wha' e",o,e. i, OCll ior 1.0 "'I"" I"" 1-';01\ "",",cd."
iTIay .,o.p ,;, "Otot.y ' pIf\Vr'f"W ,ot. 'C"",~~&"". '"
'n,o reOttiull of God '0 eati"n i. ",die. ]] )" rlif1i;renl from ,he
J"<h'~)II of the !'a,hcr '0 'he SOil ,'" Tb= mn be no 1"''''<1>ti011 of
'~ Id/I. 2, er "') ''''wog ,"",,,,,ioo, "" '11 ... It" C.u"';,,', /.', :I.\[oIl:
," #""'. I. ~" b, ... ,,,,p,",,,,,, "'at
the ... "" oirl'i I>;"oing ""') .1.0
m<""" 'm. ,,"',.. or ron~ inro ""On,;' 'APIit ",1 ;, ''''''; ;,"",*", "i,w',.x..-i-
,.,,')" .".lIint! rum",U or ,,",,,,,I<, " ..""" <ArlI<<.
" ~,l ; u.. ",not <".....,...,. ",fiGot,
,"I , D" 28, H; ~ 2, TV
"'"'frO , nu. phr.... ~,.,. tH<n"" bj' 1:.-b;w .... <horim, "i ;. ~~, bol US,
'.. ,\""""",,, ili., ,00". , ~" lind. or I.." .... art ,-i "",.lk' 110 <UDr, IL Nom.
"""It. ""~"" . cr ., tit., I~l .

" rea!;,), ill ",'h ich 'h~ ""0 wo, 1I0( IxUlg; Im. ' he"" j , " dear COli
'"
<'Op tion of t ht (li,illt heing "heT<" 'hen: "-.,, liD crca' ;m' ., all . ,..
Ongeo', ,;.,,,~ Ib,m.d,.. .. ",<,,foh':. ". wdl ... ' he on."ner ;0
"lU<h ~\C"} .". """"hed, ciclenn;",,'>/} ,lnnOll"Me 'h,,' ill hi. 'bought
(here .. 110 ,,,,,m for " tl )' IIOlio n ,uch a. 'cm i,)' of the "'orld "_ h
;, h' humdf wbo anac" Hcu clcon "- h,, - ",,,,, imp""
,-.:h~mclldy
tiucntk ... "'Y' (h.t "eith er the :tCOII I~)T ",I"" ;. iu 'he "COli w",
",,,de thro"gh 'he [.<>g(>'. 'hin~ i"g lh.~t they ","er< m;',,", before 'he
Logoo"'. ''''
Th. '"<'Y 11",;<)" <Jf l.><gi n" ing de n,,' <> ,ha t c,,,,,ti,,,, w.,
"'",,,,,,!
mll of DO II .heing. Tlu. i, "Ill'. in C,/,. he "hallo"!,',,, ',110'1< ",' il" bold
(h., the world;' nm en"".,i', arguing ,10", 'hose "'ho ,,,,mill , ,,cb
a tenct 'cru " ,OI .p<ak of a,,)" h.-j(iMing of 'he . .
orld 0..; lo,"v0,,"
oh ,~i~ "*"~'o, ~",,,*i"<l\~ ' '''' ocOO~' <ipx~' "u,,,;; "'<"V). ,"
The)" an; th""" wh" beli""c ;n a,,)" kj"d of hegi"" ;"gb. world, "k:h
., the J'I.",,, i,,, who ""tai",,1 d," idea of all intd ligihk- world a nd
a beginningl.", matter.
Own'. expo,i,i{JI' 10 .. n",hill !!, of th,' ,u!>!,.liw"e.. of 1~.1O'
On~. whid' left "",on for so " ' a") ",h"'-"ij" e,,, i>lle'l,,..,,,,0u,. '11 ..
.., me gint ,.."" fi,~,II)' 1'"",,,1 con'ru"crnat ,\lthoo'!lh he is,ne. at ka;t
One 'k"ial of c,"" io" "n' of uoth ;"g. tbere . re ",me ",,,,,,ing
a"i",,,,,iO'15 :dong ,,'i,h i1. ,\, all) ral,". he ",'" ,,,mci,",,,I)" "agu ~ (0
allvw "",m r,,, tkh.te, Ik>id~,. he I." ~ "d I.orgc (,1[, ,hon of the
timde .. CO"'""I>lion .
In con'""" Orig<n'. wnC<'l't;on of c"a,ion 'x ,m,};, i. cI<ar_c,,,.
TheT< i. uo poiut of hi, work allowiug for the p"... ihilit)" ,b., he
,..". groping for a nmiou of btpIOIIIg, O n Ihe roUlrOJ")'. he I" .. aD
"n"~'-ermg gop of ' he itJ,.a ~" d """"llc, '" 'his ~" induhitahly
oka, sen.. , T his ;, ,,-hy ),,, fo"O<"f"II)' "I'P'<"< oh< Cr.,.. (w!~) ar<
... t~ do- bY" ... ~ hi, ~'",k 11< ~ .. c.....;,,,,,,, ,.,. o.;p.- ""
"''' mioookn """"~,.;.-..._ f''''ly. <10 .. GoWn hoIdo , oooion 01'" 'fTa>nu.,\en,
b(HId' 01'""rit>.
S",oo".J,lf, <10>1 ... hold, " -ooct.-i .. 01' """,,1 '''''''''''-, _" 'i'"
..", q";" ,:.0.00.,. """ .. ,10" di..-"""'" ..,..,. ""'"',. 1,.,<Wm\ 01' <It f,J" ;n
,h ~.""'.~""'" .... ....,.,. ' " inll,,,,,,, of, .... a"""i<> on Ori~n. ~'"" t .......
""',....., "" f.be pmru,." """Dhi) 1<.., I",n .... "'.....""'.. ~""h ........-.1-,. dO,-
.,.. or..,..', a"'hw<k CC. E, ,.. f." . "0. 1y,jj""""," , G...,..;a""., c....
,-it~,.
Ori""",, _ . , /'//""", On amr:;.., Pm.. 87 '<>2:1'- '8' 2:1.1 .
,~ _ ..J .... , 2, "'\".
'" CW, 1\'. 79.

in f~ct implied in hi, fon-go ing portioll and doe. "I"'"k of"'" bwt<-
nint of th e world In,,mdy. i.. crc.,ion out of non.beiug thro"~4,o,,t
bi> th",)iogy. Subs<:<lll"m)y. be h'" ,,0 <iOflkllhy j" ' p"ak;ng of a ,,,,,e
'/Jifort' C"'~ [;OIl of 'a19 ri>!WM1 ItJn lop<, .u,,~, !....rp'i, "''''''"' ,'
whHca. in 04 h. reafform, tha' ',h" ,"""Id ho, mme ino n ..i.\eneo
(0 ~OO~ yt:yiv~'a, "'"
III COII"",t '0
' hoo<: "ho 'carulOt 'I'eak of ouy I><gi n ui r~ of ,b<
" orld' . ,,.. Ongert hi",""lf quite oIlCII 11 .'" the notiort of IH"woi#t, ht
denling 'h~l ,~';I ">ti"" i" ,..~(ional ereat" ...... b y namn'. he bring; 1110-
notion of I>...)"y up aga in, 'f":~ki"g of '"an""" u;"ing in the begin_
ning' :uPX~ """'",;l.'''' III fJOiut of'bi>, he cOllt<lId, tha, a mtio-
n~J tt.""" .. "'b.'I it i, lib term; of "'or~1 q"al ity l b<e~"", of its
o,"'n ,"'pon.ibility .. ntl on aco""", of ito >1'uo""" it"lf, tILl! i,.
l>crall"" i, ,,'.. m~d,' f", .. i. Ik btgI""i>Ig <ipm6,v),
'\hh, ~'gh Gnd', dcc i';"" ,0
c",~t< al'l"' .... ill a ,ime",," ",ali'"
l'Ioc di" iuc ""C. O,igclI inC\;tabJ)' h,,, '0 c_'p.-.o,. tI, i. uotion ill tem_
poml term . Thi. i, whr be taU. On 'he reader rtot to be . mbar
,....... 'd hy "'" ,,"" of ,""'pur_I 'en,,, iJl a ,L,.""ioll ul\'ol"jug ,11<-
' ;10.-1... n"L'),. '" Iklci"d ,j, <s li<o' rary cou'enti"". h",,"'<vcr. w~ cau
di".", hi, ,1~.l'er ,Ii,'i" 01 percep'io". of Cod lIi.,,,!! a nd God
... C..-. as wcU a. 'hc o<llol,,!(ic.l pri"rity of 'he fi,.,n<r ,,, tb<
I""er.
I" tu, ,hough , ll",,... i, " ,"";0,, of u'hto Cod derided 10 cn:.w.
It ;, , h." ,igt'if>C~t" 10 ponder "POll ,hi, 'when' ~IId .. -c how ,hi,
" p<rcei\'Cd .
no< of God iub,""""'" """ioS ","fon: ~ ......... " . , a
lI';"lon,
,j",,,k.s """' [om ~,"'" .", ;J,,, """,..,ro a ",I.liu<, to ,I" ""'.'w"<.,
Iitnt ,Itt .t.,.!_ ,I.. b"gU,nh'g or (;",1', ""l~. be ,hey con,true-
,iona] or pro>i<lMnial, 1lO d,;, b'gU",;ng ;, l"i: i 1(>g<'d "" ,.id , we
<.... 'u,,,. of ~ hich .he o.r-".,....., ... ~'" 6"",'. nd ~-e ",e''''
h<T ... 1.>,;.", to e.-.oar,,,,,,, lH" \\';"100' .,."",If;, tun" " ... " ,\>'",ut;aiJ),
being "';,b God 0Ct",," ,be .",.r, .~ ~ .,.,.i idStoo;. 0';",.,.;.;,; ' pO
,,{o..-.... "''''; .;, er.;. ~"'PI"""""'"
.,. 1fIJ\. 100. 1"--: 12.I~, tilt ' " '' in idl\. f , PG 12.1 131.
," Ut. rv, ,.,
,~ 1101
''''~'';' _boo. KlI, 3' 3"

'"
Th ,,,, al'hough 'he at"mpoml Ch"ra<l~r <.>f lI"i.d"",', b<;"g is ""''''
"ou,l.,. ~rul'hn'i,cd. !he """cCV' ,)f e,.c.tic" 110/ cxi"'~,g in Wi;<lol11
he""lt; ",'~O '" a IkmIg/II or "ill 0< oV<;.it>II or ('.od. ;" "''';'''~; ''t:<t.
'l'her. ' i. a nOli"" of 'vhnl . .. M", "hich ",,,.du,i,d)' j"di."ah'S
'he C()1"'~p' ;()n <.>f G ad a. hein g Cr~al"r not <of 110<"";1)", and ab<>
tig",~ . , ",.Ii,y ill which God ;. 1101 C ""uor fil. Thertll l"'" lie< ,10,
cOII<q>tioll of C"'" I/"""ilqu;," "pan frw' all)" I~>ti"" of c"'~t ioll .
T he rotJU:l',ion of ( ;",1 Hu",d!' ... clis1'''lai" 'ha! creation
'W 11()' illtradu<e 'lily cl1.:",!:', in C",I . T hi, i, "'h )' he h.d no rn
sou '0 ,k al with 'he J&udo-'luc-;tiou ' .... h., w;u G",i ,I(,ing bcf(,rt
c",."ion!'. R. Soralrii' " nseri l.., ,h;" roncern !O Origtn. bn! hi> mi ...
~,ke i. lh" h. l""",
hi! c.""
00 1'riM. " he",,,, nU G", a "d ot her
I..,i" ~x" ,bo'" ,ha' he d~ 1 tOO' .....,,,1 10 d,al " 'i,h .. ,ch no",,,,,&.
~or ."ch que"i" .. i, t"""d 0" CQml>klOly Lml'<"w ,,,,ble pr~m;"':
wh. n OIlC m.le. ,hi, btfo" a ""riou, I",iut of d.b"le. he ha. alread)
""ab~'h"d 'he cmird}' .>rh;If",)" pre.ul'I""i,;on ,h ., ,;me ">.i,,..
He
'I""""" of ,h .. di,'''" bfe ha,'iog 1'0""1,,,.,1 d,~, Itci, is ~ lCmpor.d
,"'~il) . Tlcis is ,,'h)" he "I"""'" ofbrl"o,c. O"c<. how","",.;, h", ",*"
""I fon h ,I.., ,he ui,'ille reali,), i, timek. no que'I;"n ~ the oort
caD he po><:d , A. a ", allor of fact. it i, U(~ enoullh '0 merely I""'
nll.,e th." time d~1 001 I'ff<"<ie 'he "oond a, 0.IJ. Th;, p"mi", h'"
10 ",. ro,,,,,,,,,)) loon,. in ",i"d ""d 10 be e"",,,a;',",1 :ill alo"g ,he
p<rtinc n, pruble",.t;'!"" . O lhe",i.., it ;, n:d"ced to a fa;", tileen,
i... ~l <rho " i,h i" Ii",o",",' "h<,, the ,or;"""",, of lim,- ha. ";f'I ".
all.,. ~u ;" "iUell.
U rigc" ",", ,o;m of oo",ul logic ,w,1 thorou!!h k,nowlcdg<: of
,he ,,,le< of dial,.." io. T I,;" ;. why be did '00' fed i, "'.""'~")" \0
.Iql wilh a p!lCt<dO""'I",,,tion "",h .s ,h i. , O nc,' h" had ~ffim,,-d. III
Ih" cl<ar,-,;t lenn, p,,";I>I<, th., the '~';1I < aliI)' i. , i"'I"I",... I... k"n.-
Ihat nno ""ch a. !)ofo "' or "fie<" or l.>.Icr' are j ll" in",'i,.bie (yet
comcio", lingui.tic ;nacc","acic,. '" LOd" of all ,,-ould he take thi..
in",;,~bl" linguistic ;nacrumey as ~ n ""'u~1 philoooph;rn] problelll
.nd .Ie;ol "ith ;1 <C11..""I) _ ~'or "". "",;"n, of "'to,... or '.r,,.,.
appli<'d
tQ Ih" d;,; nc ,imoh" "c.. ,uAA"" lIolh illS """" than Ih" ,,"'ological
",I"io" of the .,,11
of God to cre.";on .
,~
,~
Il. s.:.r.t;i. If. Cl.,
--Join<, 2. XIX,
' 16.

H'1-0"cl 'hat . h""ol-or, ,,'h .. R , ""rabji ealb Ihe -why oot ",", ncr"
"<Kuruen' origi",,, in " ,aci, I'b,onic pre ,"i>c; i, tnkc. ror gUII,cd
,b a' (;0<1 tioJ.1J ,10 "'''''''h illg 'beron:' h ~ ('"<",ed , For God (",",'"
I~ I"""" il o:d ... ,>0( IfRg ",n~ thi "g...i,,,,,'
in !'I.",,,i,,,, ""d '\'''1'"' 'OIU;m
th e clil;ne crea,ili,) bear, UI,,, n ' he I ..,' ",,"'lice of ,he di,;"" being
i"df.
'11", .n.WeT ac",;ill), lie> iu the . harv co,,,,,,,t f>e',,'ccn Origc1"
'h o ugh' an(1 bo,h I'la,otU;m nl1d l\ropla,oni"m. For, ,.. I en> p h,~ .
,i ...<I, 0" ,,0 acrOll nt has lu. ron<Cf" of c'"<~ 'i",' <U' ) ,hing '" do " 'i,h
",h,,, God i" "-ny f,c<1 "fhi, doxtJi ne "f croa,ion; .. ~l oe nainl y 1he
rloliou of creation t" ",J,ii;,. ha; to do "'~j" ",it h ,,-hat God did. 'n er<
i, "0 legi,im",e ""ay of (Ira"'ing an)" rond ,,>ion about ,h,. <li,;""
bei11g in i,.,1f from the erra,i,-r all of G(~l; all "'" whi"h i11 110 ,,-ay
C~ " p",,;<k conc lusions aoo<>' G",I Himsolf U"bko ' I'b,wisn>. ;"
Orig<n ,I", cr~.t;'~ act of Go<l ha. n"thing ,0 do ,,"'i,h th~ dil'i,,,,
o nlology.
lI",ioo, th, de"P"r Dl'3ning of his e'e"i'-e ac,. a, a n ~<, of flu-
' - . i, ,tuo: a n)" 'lO' Oon of ...-1;1' is excl "dc<l i" , n "bsol"te '<"0". (;"d
ti~1 110' ('"<"'" ""i,b;" ""y cor,,,",,' i,\\"OI,i"g 'my It:/tl" "'h~(",,,,'er. Tb<
"",ion of God bdllg firt to :,,"'m< the fi.,""" of CrCa'Ulg "'ggc><>
th e thorough .IJ","CC of . "eh " coote~t . thc cOlnpk'dy "[)C(m~ i_
ti onal dttThion dotl 'he futly Mliingmt ehaf>c,er of c,-"a,ion. 'I'm. f""
,Ii,';ne ~x""''''' of CT<!",ivil) ;, ,he "b..,lu ,~ "bse ..,,. of a" y hoUon of
wiry c""'pdlj"g, or , ' I"101l j'''' impdling, IOW.rd. on'ating t h~ world.
n>e cork''']>t of 1.1... di"; ll~ f,"<dQm ill CT<!atiQll i, pi,ut"l. 1><("" " ",
i, ;" i ndi'I,.."",bI~ fOT ulld.",;",,,,Lllg ,hi, point, I , ,J,o" ki b. aL.ohlld)
d i;S<><:ia'cd fron, th' >Cl'''" attnched '0 hUll' "" frccdom . ror i, l>er-
~'u,' "'" O!~y '0 , be mao" er ;" " 'hich God litIS lor. ,I"". "'" act ,,'
"Ilk I"" al .... puin" to th e m~n " cr in " 'hich Cod tl i"''''lf U, Thi,
mea ,,, that ,he "at< of C " cl i ll Him ",Jf p"ruil"<d ill tho ab,.,,,,,,, of
c,,:at;" " {u, the .late 1>"'" '0 rT<!ation. '" to .... ak hut in f.ct a
",,'e o ll wlogicalh- ungrA'I", I~c) ;" ab<> excluded fcm" " " Y "o,io" of
uiIy. Whic h Tl"'"n' ,h", 'here a.r~ ... ,"....,n< for (;od no, "" I)' ' 0
Cl<'a(C. bu, "Iso "0' 10 <n:ale. Which also me"'" ,h., ,h" n' " -e'" ""
""'''''''' "n aCcoullt ofwhid' Cod di,1 not CJeate ."rlie'. >0 to 'P',,,k,
'nere wor< no n:-.. ""." which WCTC ~ u~~"c",,,d i" " I..'OCT "age ~nd
i, Wd. ,"'" ,hat G",I tioci,leti to a" UlllC 'he f""clio,, of CTca'or
0" ace",,,,, of 'h"'" re.,,,,,,,,. The a il",I",,, aruc" "" of a"J" (3,,~,1
'>ex". b<t"-"",, Ih" tij,;"" l\ei"g "",I , I", ,Ij,';,,,, c,,,~, ;,.., FUlICrOon, as
....oU a, ,h" .b~,It"" aboc","-e ~f an)" ~~, for c.><l to """om< Cn,.tOF.

"re ' '"<> indi'p""able n<.>li<.>n, f<.>r tbi, d<><lri", of c",,,tion 'v h"
cornprcho"dcd.
So "'<><h with ... gard ,,, (he ,..h) no< _,,,.,?' "'"8I,,"e"(. It " no<
O!~; ,h,' '>OIi"" of sooner. h." 0.100 (h:., of ''''h~' "hieh in nv "")'
came' o"er lh. dj" in" ca",. ,\ 10' of .m" ha. h""" p'" hy ocho\
anh ip ou ,hi. ',,,,,ncr'. which after aIJ poi",. to tlot notation of Ood
with the ]lnxiOJCt ..r hi> eTC.';'.., act. I 'hiuk that th e not.", of 'why'
,k<w':"", to be po,id rattk \J ~" .>"""i"" an,1 co",;der~ti Oot. aU the
m"", .[ole< it m~ ; ol)' bears up"n , 10,' d;,in< I"'ing I'" ...
Hence O rig~n did not ,,,,,,,1 10 ""lKounrl hi., (ousideratiun, in 'he
,"';n ,h.t R. Sombji'" doc,; that '" to wo"dc, loo,,' i. i, I"",ibl< 10,
cn:~,ion 10 imply no (hang< i" f;od Hh",df. Ilt. n,ual m i ,t~ke
Imade ,h e,"". '00 "'1" Origen', (onc<1";o" abo,,, the 'gt"e,a,ion' of

,he Son from ,he F.1I",r i. ,hi>: ,cholars "",a!: of , ,,'roal ge"era
tion' "f tlk' Su n. '" if lhi, "~n' a (o.li",.,., ... ~ "f ,he h thet. TIle
fact. 1o",,c"M". i< th~t he ~k, of 'KC nemtio,,' I"'r!ra)"ing aa ""w
Ieg;':,,/ ,.i4I;"" ",;,hi" 'h e ,!i';ne life, ,~" au ",/ wha""",""r.' "
Il~ COt""'~". c,...~tio!' cam" ' '''" I",;ttg 00 ' of OOtl.I",Olg ,h"Jough
a Crtatiw' ",/ or ("; ",I, ",," ,,Iy. "" ( " f lci, cn:ati,... 'u"<",,""e' ~,'I)9ri ""
(let b<-). It i. quit< en!c",l poi" t ,h", e",at;'", is n;g.r,kd a, tlQ!
'coDSuh"" " ti"r ",;, h 0 <.0:1, wlo~,e. , the SOD i. 1~)f1rn)',,1 '" 6~""",,!<
to the Fotlo"r. a n(~ion wbich ha:, ",riou' implicat;on, fo, Origell'.
(locH;'''". ,\gain tho(.gh I ,1",11 "0' dal",",, 0" (hi, 1'00\1, "'hich i>
I~')"o"d m) ""~~,., and "'luin;, an CX!<",U>'< cXI>O>i'iQn of dli, thwlog).
A, ~ tI ) ""e, th e f~ct t l"" e... '~t;Ot( ; , a prto<luct of God', f ... 'c u'ill.
"< "" ,11 a. ,h"t ... h., came ,,,',, t~" "g "ut of n"n.heing i, ',,(~ co>ub
'''Ulti~1" ,,'i,1t 0 ",1 HiJll"'~ are t"." principal poin .. which u,~lerline
(hat (";"'(", c"'a';"" IV! d"". "". e<l" I~i,h a"Y ~ba~e h, Hi", Hin"dF.
n", di,tin,:tio" df""~\"" I~"",'n Ood i" Ilimsdf ami God "" k" O"'n
to ' h ~ """Id. i. 0"< of th e "'o>t fumbm~",aJ <o"cepuon. '''",00
'h""u~hou' Origt,n', """k .'"
... 11.. s...r.t;;, . n.. 310.

K' " """", <6",..,..", "" "'"' ,,.,,.,..... , "1'"' ~ loo-j",td HO) "",0(', !l"".....~,. ,ho
PO""!'"""'" ~ '1"""" ,""",., p, (38 ~ qui" ,,,,,, .. n,,
"" 0... can """. ..., I.,... ''''''g;' d ....... """" of R. Xom~ m..t "'" """'"
,bm, of God .h!.", ,Iiliiling .. ,)" ....... lime of the ~orId . To> him "th. d ..
""" oC'<!.""->! ,,,,...,,,. H. ;" U,*,," """,J..Lt or
Iti. ".td< ...... "' .... of,,", dj.... "
""'m ..... 'Of. QI., (31. Tt.... "'" th.. ''"'" of G. tloruo.. ki. _ A.,..~
1/"1). p . 9 .00 <of. ,.... "umlr. 01" " hoIan, """" 01" ~iU<h h,,~ aIu-..d)' oo-n
" Cbu'
,,,,,",;ooN.

"" U nman in ,cUoct . "' ing of "'''''''ity iu timo. ..-o\lld bo, ,,,,"pled 10
pooc 'I"".h(,,, '"cb 3' '''''''' ,h"
de<:i.ioll of Go<! roj"cid. ,,j,h ,b<
...,ah'_~,;o" of """";"". 0< iJ it 1''';0' to lI,;,,', T he "'k' a.,,,,'",
j,
th .. ,hi, q '<c>lion ;",If m~lre. "" ..."", ~, .11, .,jnc, in ,jmc)c"",,,,,,,
th ere "all b< u'" n"lion of bd" ..... Slill Origen doe. affinn ,h .. the
prmi dcutiil cTC~,io" w .. hrongil , iot() being 'hefore' ' he "ctlla] Onc.
The ""hm ... /hn' u,~i()u i"dica'e> tha, thi. crcat iOll of ,"a'011>,
,""cording 10 ,<'!ut b ' he ""mid " ',,, m:l<k. i> nootnt1hing pertam.
ing '0 the ",,,<>log}
of I\'i>dom : i, ""If i"dic~",. ~ l',oc<". )'" '''''
a P"'"'c", in .ime, in fact" ,,;milar one 10 the " vIi"" of 'day." ill
GCIl" ..... I,;c), illdic~1< n" IcmporoJ ",cc<"gou . but "nr a p".cc ..
of ,h"nghl .
Thi, me"", that ' he ... Ia,ion of \1";"lom, ",;,,, '" l"'lr-"- ,,, <",a
n,,..,, i> "ut an d emeD< of 1I.., ,,,t,,,,,,,,,,,
of \\""00,,, h.. ,.s..lt: Thi; ,s
what .. r<all)" o~l'''"... d by th. >(a1<m c,, ' lh' l W,><wm 'accq"<'(!'
l.i&f~ro l ,I';. ",lawn to '/i""r<' L"K"n,rc> ,a i(Jo~,,"'a . B CIle''' ~- it
;,; ""c,1 ,.-b.ther or 1I0t t3!! we ,';';uaiiz.., a "ate of \\i ...dom ",;tho",
n.
"ee ... ",ril) ~\U,~;,'!; or c",~tio!'. <>' i"'ply i'Ig ,hi, ott a ")' "-")", OTig-'
""",,'e, i, tha, ;",kt~1 ,,'" Cl'" "'''isag<" Wisdom i" ",eh " " ',,). Fo<
"nat;on it"df i, b"t 1',,><Iuot "f Cod .. ""lit;O 'L TIt., i, 'he 'CI".I
pCITept~)Il hiDte<1 at "y thc <xprc,sio" ,,hm . , . INn', a, "'011 .. h)'
' -erl" .udt '" ~"c<pt.,r i~to, ',,""'ell" ~lluu~n6q 1 and ',,;llr
11\O1~~",~). in t/". passages c",,,,,,,,,d i" 110,. p""iow Pag<'s . I" poin,
..,f th. do<,ritlC "f ere.""", IQ sa,' ,hat ""m<"ne i, ~ 11"t""i>1 i'l''''
tamount to ",'ing thal he hold. God to be Cn'~t'" of ontological
n"c... it)". Ofig"" i. far from aDr notim, "f thi. ",n, ~, ,,-e h",'. >fi ll .
In ,-icw of thi;. th" '""ic id~. of ,,,"/;n,,,,,,[;1J of ="tion d<><:. exi"
in Orig"h', ,,orl<>. R, S<:>r.,hji', "'krliott.'" the,-,-.rore, I"'" ",is i,k,
i, ~ di ... ",,,,, of ,\ugtl>lir,,- i, no1 corn;ct . " wa, Origcn wh" d,,,j,
"HI-,- .nm,eial".-t thal ='3t;on;,," pr",IIlct of God', h. "ill , ""mdr.
that God would 1""-,, nC\'~r created had he not "iUcd tv do so .
R. Nom., ou t b~ otber h",,<1, took for ~"""d t b~, Origc1' lto"l, "
l'I~\Ooic ,~, or.n '",<mall)" 1"~--eJti"U\g 'wo rld "r j""lIigeDCe<.
He lo.. th", uph"ld tl". t)'pical d~im "hieh h~, 1><...,,, ,.,~,." up h~
ll llm~"',,, ""hol,ro. "1" ..,,,,,,,, h" find. him".,lf ""0.""'1,,, eonfu."d,
,... he noticco ceria;" notioWl whiclJ .re uuliXe " 11.\(0"i;" "From"

'"
poin' of ,-in..- Qf. 1..... '011..., ' h~re ;" " ro"u,ulic.io" ,,,,,,,km 10 ~'y.
ing Ihm ..,,,,,, hiJ'g '" I""h jncorp<>,-.,a] and genc"""."'" lbc prol ...
le", of "'om. i, ,loa, :'ltho.l!,~' h, brand, Ong"" as a 1~ .100i ,,, "w
1,,- ~nd, j,uIIL'm"n1~l ,if'" .. hieh "re rli,roroatH ",-i,h I~a"'n;"m.
Thi, fall> r"ui of 1"" origilL>1 claim : 1>0'" co"ld 'h"", be "llla,,,,!
wi,h eac h oth CT~ ']1,;" place'< all Onu' on him 10 .Iford " ro",;nc
ing rc",lu.iou . lIowcru, he doe, not pu, hi. I'rcl1ll>c ill 'I"c>liou
a",1 rem";n' def"'m 10 'h" outright r.'lC' lh~, I';, 01"" (o",i<iem.ioh'
n"""" his 0'1 .,;0" s.:lrdd;,~ ,j"g. I ".,,'~d. h,' c"dea,u" ... 10 a<com-
modate h" all"wee '" hi, bia" cOllknt i"g him><lf ";lh b<a' ing ~
h" "y rctrca, a nd ~-crti llg 10 hi> origillal prcmi .., U rigcn i. 11 01
aIler all ao inco",;"te'" I'I.lIon;',,; h. did no. reaU)' Iookl 'h'" crea.ioo
ha,1 a beginning and c"me into beo,g 0", of 0<>".1><018.
'l'hi' roodu,ioo, h",,'c"cr, " " -co"g, sin"" 'h e 1''''''''''' aoo.." ~
,,'orld of r.,ion.l >pin,,' cri.ling ",' i,hnut I"-ginning i, "''rung in the
f"'t pbce . 1'0' ill Orige rl 'he n",io" of~"v! i. tw .. ..,ugly e"",,,
eia,e<! 1<, 1>< "'<';"g";"h,,d. Cena;"'l)" it is not " "'T}' "I" (on"""" to
""f ,h~, "O nge" ,,-a nts to h,,,', hi, c:o ~" ~"d ~~t i",: 11",t is.. 10 onal'"
",il, 'h"l I h ~ ''''orld of'l,;,il" is ".;,h"", b<-gi'U\; "~ ~ "d a, tht: ,an,"
time 10 .'peak "f 'hcgi"ning-. 'n c simplc al\, ....,;" o.ha' Origcn doe-<
"0' 1o"ld auy '~>1;"" of a hegi n ui n~\c .. ",o,ld . If I am to hreal do""
~S1anc., I co"ld !-a)" 'hm Nom.', e"mUlent ap~t;". rmh'< to him
".If. F"r. 00 Ih, ",,. 10,,,,,1. b~ ..,dc; to 'O~;h1"ih w, .,,,,,,,ion ,10,,,
O rig< n hold, 'doctrine of <<<mal c",ou"n" .ncl, " n th~ ,~her. he
cOt'red, .. the inC""OI,"hl,' tact ,Io~t Ori)(" n do<-< "".o.ai" th a, ,h" e,,"~
",i"n had " IH-:in""w.. Ce,",ainly ,hi, i. not a 'con,rndic,i,m' of Orig~n _
bu, " "''''''''''prch-=u,iou of No,'; . ''''
T),, final ,"",~'ueh1 ,,' hid , I w"h '0 "",~,. i, 110", "''''';' ,,'ould I",
mo,, cvnr",.-.d if he h.d g1""~""'xl OIl<' ,non ' poinl. "hich 10 .. lotal ly
<I"d,e<! hi",: not 01,1)' dKl Orig. " ), aI<l tha, .,mloill g call h.. illell"
po,eal a, ,,"ell a. genem,<, bll' .1", ,hi, '~e lleralC' ;" ""l 'con."b
"~ Il ti.--.r ",,00.:.0,<711 ,,-ith d,e di,;,lC iuc oTJ~"n~ty. This is 3 di>tiueti.,u
which 1~,,1O had 00 iokling of. whore", '" the fi nosUc' i, ooul,l Ott,n
o"or"!!'..,,,,. Hcsi<:k-s. il i, wcIH"""'n ,ha< -""S',,,i,.... I""ggl.xl hard
tQ f".., hirn,df from 'h" :\Iallicl~all ,' i~" 'I~" ,he wul ;, of the
", me ,,, I,,'a nc<: ,,;11, G,~1.
,~ R. ...,;,. Of. "'-_ 1''1If

'" 1.8<. "'-. I '9~'.

'" Ther~ , ), 0 ,,1<1 l>e no ,1"uL, that iu /"'.,,,: Itufi " u, ha . ",,-erel)'
o ldU",.tcd ' he ,w,iolJj cxpoUl,dc,i ,heT'. ,.. For the pcrcep,;on of 11.("
'",,,<OtJ,' CO"~''l; ;"'" t..:;ng QU' of M Il.lot-lng ;,,'0 'he \\,i"]om la
nOlion ...., ro"'Io"",,>I; "",,,,,,'><1od in ,he ,.,... ,"' in C I'Cck is OM
doarly e~I)Ounded; '0 the exte nt ,h., ,hi, i, ,hen" it b ,.""de,ed ill
<tu ob"",rc "",I I .hink. imc ll liouttIJy 0)""" ,.., ",,,,,"cr. Q uite "h,;_
" u,]y R ufum, I",,] IIO( grd>pcd OrigCll" d;"iuctioll l"'tWCCD 0",1
lIimJ,if. on ' he on. h,,))(I. and God '" Cf<ll/J)f ''''' of a r",e .wu;"..
and ",11or hi "n 'he o[h,r. H. app.",,, d) lea",,] ,ha, cI'<a, jo,,",
coming into 1.><;118 could <"Illil wme killd of chatlK< in Cod fllmJ'!f
I mai"taill that th e,,", po;"" of PM.- liu ",Iue!. the "",""aIlcd ' ,,-hy
nOl _ ner?' "fg\Unem ""'TU' 10 be imp~dd)' b;u,d1,.t: are only a
c",a''''ophic i"'''1'0lal;''n by itufin .. ,, '" which pro,-oke<l m;; "",lor
OIao<Ln& of Q,;!:",,', ",al ,. ;",,~. R"h"". ,,"" cob,;o".I) arP,d",,,.i,,
th .. ,hi, 'heu~')('! could 'w a n,wcr a '1""i", q "~,,ioJ\ . uch a, ' ''')"11
" ... G(~I (~)i "g I><for< crca,ion' . or 'whr (lid be ",>1 cre"'e """,ocr"
Hence he ""' ked au e",i,d), uW,eceMarr, and "''Cb m;'lradiug, arp;u
on""""io," ;'><0 ,h, " .~, of I";"'.
S,,,,h a" :o'guoo"" , C'''' I", to""d it< A';"",.I< ol'po>i,,~ 'h" ,; ......
tha, ' h" conld ha\'~ Ix~" ,"'01 f"r ." in~ni 'e period .,,01 t h~"
on",ion. ill ' he OCD>C ,I"" 'ord<rly """,,,,,i,,,,"" c<~,ld 1>< im)~) ..i l~e .
Augu'liue', "'>''''CT '0 a ';mil.r 'l""'tion "'IU" e1)', 'whm ,tid' God do
b,.fore ,. .... alion) ..", ,h", ' H,. " ',,. P.... I"',;"); heU fo" prople ",'1,0 pry
i01() mrstene'. ) Ii, .. rio,,, M''''cr to ,h;' q",~,i,,,, i, lh 'l "'ere "'~,
"0 ,ime hefon' c",al~"" SliU thi. i, ,;impl) "\('f\! "'PCli,i"" of a"
in"pirni ,;'''' of O';g<'n, .I ... 'ad) 1'''' /(,,,,,,,01 in romm]ohn. 2. XIX.
infi]""'" XIII ... "..ell .. iu 1'riM. 1\'.1.): this btlCT 1'''''''8'' of I'Tw
a.cq1l jJtl a ""al1) <hfl<-n;n, ",",,,u"g .... ga.rd i i " 01,, OOlI'cX1 of u..:
t_Cl ,)"" O,;gt" dUi .., huld an)' "",i"" of 1"'K'",,; ,,);l,,", "",.lint"
'" C( , _, 1,2,1.
.. r.-1. 1.6, 1,2. 1(1: 1.!. 1 ' ~. Th;, ~ ~ _ in "",,)1.'; """1-1 h"
be<n """,,ra"'" fro", ...,.J...... !;:""",ha"', I .. ~ . 6.\. n. ,," U, 1l ~ . 2 3.
... Cf. ,Vi".... "" IlIYJ~'. ~.l. 212. 11 19, J>< ~Ioo. 1.12. ~8:l> 1 1 , I~ "';"" :
C-.fi . '. XI.l2 "m~" '0 "'" ... h) .... """"r atgd""""'~' Xr.ll,",
.:o.u,;..-. ,It-.! '. 1.2.3; [" C_ [>n. XL5-6 th<= .... "" ,;n" bd:.<.. "'"
""''''''' In ".,,!em """" ,ru. ...gum<"' ho, be<n "" "",10 Or G.\\'. t .. bU. in
tu. fa"""" ",'h~ of jj .... P")~" """ S. Ca.,.,, .... d<>tlu,oI Joi> "'t"""''''
of
'~n)' ,"" ~ ;" "-lins tJ... l'i'~'lonWo "I"""" th" ""'" ";01> ;,.i<p<oo,n!ly
01' <hano!<'. Jl......,.,.r. "'~. r,utht. 'w"" .... "" .ru. 1"""';' b<-r'<oad OD) ""'P". cr
Il,C. ,1"' .... .Jo>'. 111< ,,,,,,,,.0..:0. c."", '_. ~ ,."'~, l'l!, :!6' ), 31- a. )5 /.

153
Th" f:o::, t. ,113' .uch a 'I""" t()!' "-,b pos<d " 0' ~) O rige"_ bu, hy
,lie Gm"';"" a'MI ~lollich"eal1" '" 1I0.. hl.,. ' he heretic. agaius' ... ho",
he poler"icw-d SO '''''''y ti,,,,,, eilher ""I.lici,l), 0< h~ Da",e.
The in"''l><>!'<'ioll of (hi, qu,~,iu" in the u.,ill rc"ding of f'rW
,,-a, a majur mi"ak< of [{ "fm",. J,"I,,]>O,;, ;on <ft ",'I> eXllIn' oolh
in Greek ami Lmi" ill"'''''te I,i,,, a, a malt ,)/" good ",iU. " d~'(),ed
'U<tll e1l111l"ia>tic fi" Orisell. hu, of no p.nicularly hiW' iutcUig<:'I<~,
or u"''l'r"<'a,j,.'e abi li.y. All the "Titing> ,,","'nl io r;reek dearly >how
,h~' O rigcII did nOl ,,..,<1 <0 add,,'" h,,,,so:)f ,0 (hi, fake""1u<",io".
h,c h, dd;ni,cly di"i ngui,lk,. Ih< "onccp,ion <ft God """"!ff",,,,
'he no,ioll of God', "'m;"" "lid ,,,11 '0 create. '11,,,, God Mw,; w
",ok ,I"", no. entail an)' change Ul Hum"'f. 0" the to"'raJ"Y, de'P it<
'he r.", ,h", G,~I tkribJ to 01'<a'e, He 1Iu.w!f 1'<m~iru Ilnthangerl.
Th .. """'mcn,, in Ct{j lea,-. 1\0 fUOtn for .-louh' 0" uti; 'Iuestion' ;,
;, "'pl "~'I )' 0,,,,,<,,,,,-<1 ,I"" -,h" ,,,aching "fJow, alld Chri,' ",n, pr.,
",ryc. 'he ,mdlllf,!(rnhb aow lI1II1lr-.ahb [1II1f'mJ r1' God '" ii,p<~,ov Kat
';'vaUoion"" tOO &to;' ... F<>r in pr..),c" '0 G",I 'he Scrip'ut~ "~)-"
'1\", You "1'< ~\~ "'m~'. A"d i, is t.lit,c-d ~,., h i, r;",1 ,,'ho ""id
' [ I",,, tlOl ch.,,'g<:<r."''''
In the ""mo.' """' ,hi> """"'I"io" of Cod i< ,.,~\"",:dl)" <"",,,:.:.t.od:
If I", 1><. en",,! hod the "0,,1, of ,10, p"']'ho-t>, "h~ U,,';,I
,,...d
"')~' '~'" y",-, ~'" t~c .ar,,,' :Yld ~'il<", )(a1""hi. I ,hi,,>, ... )~ 'Alld
I ha,,, "'" cb""l<'-,I', ~" ,,-..,,1,1 I.. ,,, .... " ,I .. ,....,. of ... Iq """ , " -
1<11<, ~, '" God _utt tiJJm 1/" " ' _ .. "", ~ ...., 11",,-
JihtUJ~ oV "'"" H. 00"',-.,1, the ,J';" g> ,h...'" . "l>jffi '0 ,h."tg< .
, ,ha, i , ,~<u- ".""'0; ."d 1, i, I""S'" P'''''o<h 1'''1 ,h., ,he)' of<"
u, ~ kr (ont.-...L'"
Th. riptuml 1'''''''1;<'. whioh Origen "I~>cal' '0. a1'< I... 10 1. 2H

...,,) \t al . 3.6. It is ",,"ark:obk ,ha, I", u"" ,b,t" I""h i" ,b e 'wo
r",>~.g",. quoting the", in the ~.",e order. It i, 01",;0'" tI,~ , ,be H",
portiol\ mo'''I) points [0 ,he 'lO,io" of (;od H;m,,-If. "h"1'<'3' ' he

,"co",1 o"e aUut!<. '0 ' he f~C1 ,,,-,,, all)" n01i"n aOOll' llim .-l"",
M' imply allr a1tera.ion '0 God HiUl",tf. I" hi> ,rnuJmioll of 01>,
H. Cba')I"ick'" b." .m",I~t<-d ,h~ I'.....~!\" of \lat""hi 3. 6 a, '1
... ''''..... u" ........ 11.""". V1I),1: ,\u ...... u ... I" a-.; ""~. \~. Ln,
,~ CtI>, I, ~I: i...... ""tit
'" c.;.. \"1. "~; K>.lio. mm._ Cf. rllt, I'. ~L ',1>. rntD--.1y lli"'''''~'UI. ","U,,"
or GOO'0,. '"'-.
,~
" ''''''It ii,,,",,,,,, Mi aro.'_
,.. 2l.

,;,
ch" "g~ " of. I uncien.'and ,h", thi, i; ,11< EII)!l"]' ",,,,,,,ring of ,he
""ri~tll r31 o,;~ ~.u.oi"""", 'I""""d by Origcu. HOVI"CYcr, th e ,-crb ;.
in Ihe P"'''''''' perfect ""' ''". nO/ ;" d,,' 1'''''''''1 I"~: so Ihe I"""age
mc'''' -[ ha .... OM ch"ng.'d" , Whe.her in ,I.,. Ucb ....... lex' the ,"Crb
i. ;n 'h~ pre><n' I''''fee_l tell..., or ill 1''''''''''
lelll<. I do '"" Lnow,
Wh., I do l no,... hown-ct. a that in 'he Oreo" tcx! of the Stl~U.giHl,
which Ori""" '1,,,>1 , 'he <",>"",ioD ;" ill tIr ",,, ""~ ~u"r"",UI.
It ;. irnllOrta'" for , Iu. tOlJic to poin, 'he diIT.feoce ""'. '" tbe '1"(>.
1:";0" i, ,,,eam IQ S"!!W''' 'h~L '~"''''h""gh (;00 JuUkd to W"'''", ~"d
,., he did. ,h,ro i, no ch;."g' or aioe"ui..>n ,ha, took plA(O ill 0",1
1I~",df.
The onwlogical priority of 'he tJ()tion of God H imself t" "")' um

Ctl";Ul1 of Him i< again fJO'iti",lr I"" 1'","'...-.:1. Tht concepti",", of
00<1 as C ,ealOr "I' "" JII~ 01' "" 1'\"",';<1<,,,. or """'",-cr 0'''' "'o,cid
conco;w h;m or, do not ,ugg"" "ny ch""g< ;11 G...d H;m,of, who is
heyolld ~lIy p""ihili.), of ch,"gc. i'anicubrly. a, far a> I';. crcao i,'~
RC' i. collce",I. h. UOt;"n of hi' deei.;"n nltd "ill I'L,)", a de.er
,lti".", rule u\ ,hi, dj,ti.llc,;"n. "hich is ~ fw,d"me"",1 p""'"iS<" of
Orige"" ""tin- 'h""log~:,
\\"h~, lI. u(,,, u. did nol l>'"'~'" ill it> rull ,igt,if,,~nc. ""'" the m.jur
hre.k bet ... ",o i'l;ltOl,ism a"d Orig<n: ,hi. break li" Lu 'he noo,oll
of 'coming into ]",ing "'" of llon ..being "-id,,,u, an)' nttt>iiil)" i,,,,o],.-,,!.
Ilt"sidd, :,' ,I", .. m" I""'" of Itw.. '" R"j;" " . ''1''''''''"''Orige"
tll < wO) hcgitm,ng of the ,,"orld. In f:.cl I,, appcar-s """" .r.
to maill,, ;n ,h.1 <rcal;"n, "" 1I."",led ;" C cn",". doe-< ,,,,I I.... int to
of 11><
<!i",n", COl,c~pt;or .. "f I",,,;d,n' ;al alld ac,ual cr.:"t;OIl . J ti. ",,,,,em
" '0 rqJracnt Orig<n ,,' holding tha< God w., n<'-er ;,lIe , He ",kc.
,1110 cotJ5'd ..atio" 0(1)" 'he c,o.'"n<. of ,b . aC",,,,1 ""01"1,1 H"d ;"".,.
l>OId'e' 11 ... as.;<rUon IJW ,h" t"'rr-~ ,iol\ ;n GCII"", ref.", only 10 11><
c",alioll of the pr.,...nt "",,rld. 11,' confn.... ,h~ no,ioll of <nec.." i".
"orld. ,,-i,h Ori~ell" co" "'plio" of 'he ereati,'" act of ('.od The b, ..
t OCl' w,aUy dude,l R"fwlI'.
H ence. a")"ooe " 'ho ","'onl,1 rely On '''rh .",,"mem, of l'ti., i,
hound '0 loo- 'o11f"",d .n!! ",;,I"d _ Thi, i" r"" ha, hefaJ!<-n 'h" , .....'
majo,;')' of ,h..,... "-10,, ofb-"d ""0011'''' of Origen" ' hou~h, on ,h"
poi", 011' of. "",I;' of /'ruu on l)' and ,,-;,hout " co .... id...-ed "11(1)", of
,dl 'he "'''rh iu Greek and b,u._
n, r.-. 111_\.~.

From 'he>< ,ex". ho"""".,. i1 can he e"nd ", i,..;!)' dra"',, ,1,," ' he
""'TOti" " ;" GCT'''';' i. ,ake" to rd'o, to 'he '"Cf)' b<"ginuing of cre
ation, The "OIi<>U' of p,,,,';d<,,,i;') ,,,,d "ClIl;,) <,..,a!ion .re gro" "tkd
0" pa"ag'" uf Cc"",i . Af",r :.n Orig.:n i, :. Biblic~l lI...oIogi~n. "ho
;, ha ppier in ' I,,,,'a' ion from ,h< Scrip,, '''' tha n in n~ng phi]o'l'h.
ica] ,e,minolog.,.. T h " . 'h" ptrtineu , "MI;~i, in the,", two """ ion.
of 'he La,in 1=';01\ of It;"" ,h"u~t Ix- ,eg,,,,lcd as "It in ' c"_A"i,,u
of l!. ufUl"" he '00. ,h. '",'10)' DO' _ner?' P"' "do-q,,,,,,io,, a' n ,...al
I'rubkm; hC't<e he dermed 11"" hc ougJn '" defend his an,hor on
,h;, grou nd and ,hidd him from a I,,-,,<ntial charK" of her .,.. ,\,
'he ",," e time. hO"-""M", he ",a . u".. wan:: of criti cal facr" of th;,
'h,.ology .... ch .. , be di<lht<Don be,,,"'ttb , b. bon",,' of C od Himself
an,1 G,~t .. Cft~wr. a",1 <OI,""queml)" 'he COIJUP'~!Il of ,u " e, ", "d
"ollc~\ek .. '/l<' AJex. ndri.o'. e"ti,.., OOcu;ne of <,~alio n . Wr l" "",
'hat ,h<", ;, lad of (""gm""" 1><;''''<~1I allY giwn C'e"l f~,g.

lDen' "nd I!."/i",,,', 1.. till ,"ern"", Tb;' ",can, ,h.t ' he tm,,,h'or
ahri dged the work to a c01lii,le..-~hle t~,eot. 10 the ca.e of 'he doe
,n",' of c",.um, Ku ~",," ;,oj,;.ti,.., " ',, harmful to ,b" """""cr of
'his 'ht"<.\log).
\\n~' 1 h ..-. att<lnpkd in ,hi, ..,etiol1 ;, to expou ,," a cOIC;"1 a ,,"
c,",,,'O,"<=,,",,1 a,]>ec' "f " lie ,,f 'he ",,,,t ",~.,.,ica l doe, riu", "f Orig<n',
e!ltu'e ,hc"(Ilog)'. How de licate 'hi' Itll et i, e>idem fro", 'ht bj"ori
<al fael , I,., ilS ,bstorUoll " ',,, r.. ,,1 tor 'h e <"O"' p""Io"".;.,,, of ~'"'
'h~ol"g) .. a " hok ,
I" doing "'. I sold )' I"""d In ) ~r-g"m"n, ul"' '' hi, 0"'" . t"..-I\"''' ".
an,id illg deduc'i"'" '" "",>elu'ii,~" d,m", dial"'tically, C"""inl;' thcre
ar" ""me po;'", of 'his <xpo<i,i<>" ", I,ic h !Cem '0 be ]>"",do";<,,1.
~'or ~~" '''I~c. i, 00,,1,1 b<- a,ked: h"w ;, i, posoihlc <0 '1"",k of ~
-bcgi " ,ting' (i" ,I ... ",n,. of cum ing into lk' i "~ "ur of " o,,I><'i"&I in
a ""Ii,y "'hich i, ,imde,..> SUni]"ly, on" could ,ill:: I"",,' i. i, I""
';bl.- '0 'I'.a~ of actual cn;ation coming in'o heing afor the pro,;
,kotial cf'C~,io,, ?
T hi, ;, ' he 1"'1' point ,,'h.re tbe ,1;" ioc1io1l bet"'"''' (;",1 " Im'if
and C "'[ a Cu,uo, o,ppc." a. 'he d,," i,;,,' faclor for " nd"""""h"g
hi. dogma , 'l1,i, d;"i'lCtiQII ;, in r.<-\" tru,h ",hi"" ca,ulO' lk' apl" "
heodod by """,ciou. mi"d. and Origell d~1 kll''''' ,]"'t thi. ,ioctriHe
w., I><", .~t to he ,ui ,u ll d cr>"~ ~ t ouce couche,l ill """,b. 'Il,i, i. "' h)'
ht reg..... t"'1 thi. ,Ioc, ri". a. a 'm)~tical' 0" ., This i. nbo "'h)' h"
".,e, Ihal <It .. ,~""rine is ',ullic,," to " nUOlCia\(" 'M3'm'''") and

'"
''\r 1><1-0",1 our lingu ;',;.;, abiJjl)-~ (m, >roU4 n;.; ),j~ ~~ .... ",u;ov. '"
We shO\dd ".,,~U. ho".-e'..... Ius emph:";,- """'m",,, ",,"
bi. ,, '" of
1<1ll1""al tw.,Wn, when """"king Qf ,),,, di,-;,,,, ,;",<lc,,,,o.. ",,,,,Id b<
rcgankd ,to 1"""", ',,,,,,e '''' a<xo" " l of the no tl c.i"en..", of t; me.'"
Th. , a d<>g",a i. bo.>LJUd to be lI U,,, ,, d~,, ,,~.d once couchn! ill
word, is one of tbe maiu re""',,' wbich ",,,ckT ~e"a ill COOC"IJti on
"' )~Ika l. Origc" ~'a, "'f) ,,, ud, ~b,, 10 lli;,; fad. ,\ 1 1I,,' 1'0;'" "' he,"
Ccbu, '1'.010 'If th e C ... d lJ;"~(, '-'pl"ining wlo)' mall ]"", =u "'ed
a 1",,1)". he ru.~l<s a .lIon co,run "" y<t be f(,ruc.N to "" /()nt. hi,
OWII ,;""'... '''' lie (111)' m ak, .. a hint by "',"'ll'
of th e S toic ""1''''''
,;00 .-a,w1.q~,,~oj opav,,,,,; ,,~rttI ""gni,;," impre<,;oll .'" aYCrrinl!
,b a, 'his ;0 ~,ct co ... ,il<,,,..
a cri,,.rioo for kM.,! i!,,,, of a ceJUj"
,,, I!ieCl. In ItW. 0101o'',,g)' " 01 b ) t h,- Stole tenn, h< a ll~dc . (0 ,hi,
;",d k c,u,,1 cap"'';,)" <Xf"" nKling 'h~ a .. mpor.-.J "",ological "'.11.';0"
of ' he !'n,lo.r ' 0 'he Son ;
God,.. . . . l ,...;~ the " ..... , ,,[ hi< ",u;-_I...~ . .. n Soo'.
,,00 ",,-, bon'
u!dc<-d fnou hirn aod ,Ira"" hi. bc;"S [,om Iwn, Iou, be ;, )"<t "j", .
out "")-' l"gUu,ir,~ ,"" '"\/)" of tha, ~;",I ",bid. C"" \.- ,h,ti"go~,h",1
~' 1'<.-;00. of 1ime. bu, """n of lb" <iJ~1 ~' Iucb ,he ",;od WI\<' ;"
,,'' 'Of 10 m"'< n'I~"'~ in ;""If.,>,.., nu" he heii.e.T(! 1><)'0",1 ,he-
li""" of ""r l",gUU"ns 0.,>, '" """ SP<"~ oc UI~" .. "'nd, '~
T hc ,ere",,,,," to dirtt, (og" i,i." i",p""';Oighl ur, a, h e 1''''' i" Ihrough ~".."
,ai" d . " d re.",,, . ' Ibe "' ''' 0 Stoic "-~)lr=io" ""-l"q;",,.-,j opavrao-i"
i. ,,,,,01 ill ()I'i"i,,~ """ "."Y ""COlI" ", . " h,,"uti. ,c a I~'rration, <,'C"
if i, ;. ,nlC, and '0 prod """ a f"JI k"""'k,lge of i, (~"'),~~,,""v
i~.o'~"" , " 'pi ""'~' 91>"''''';'' i. Me of th. " ' 0S1 ,ljfl;';ult 'as ..
tmd is;" _ '''''' im,.mbl/, I'" 11,i, i, a" i",,~ 01\ "hid, "",eh cual,l
he ..~~l. 1["",,,,,,,, "'act: Origcu hi"'<elf doe. '"'' dab,,"'te. ,hi> 'l",e,
." ~ 10, ;>;XXL>; , >, ...., """'IJ""'. to, XU

, C( _"'1).01 ~. XIX,
,,< Ui> Vnt ;3
c ..: \,111: 53. Ka,,,,,,. ,,,-'; ..."",uia ;, ''''''<pi of <he "'"'" ,k.", of
"''''""~ " _ , , """'"""" of "" ;Ok!led ~hich ;, "",",,,I to ... !Tu<.w
"" 00ub< can bo ... krt4i...J .. 10;'" tru<lo. cr. fAIo. 1. '1; f'/ooJ.uJio. 13, 13 .
... !'nw, 1.2.l.
,~ VIs, I, {2.

' ;(0" ,Io"uld no' ,k'llljll L!' her<', I .boll o nly make a & ... hi"" aooOl'
'"
(he ,10::"1><01" to ncq~io" of g,-,"ping moth throug h 'h"", ""'>0,,',
In rot>cci,;og of fi",1 eilher ;" Hi,,,,,lf or a, C1"<atOf. ,be,.., i5 ~
<orrd'lion of 'he ("",pur.. l human intd..... ' "ith ,t.. atempo ... 1 divi,,"
ocing . A> Origen p<>i" " 0 " ', h um"" <>p",..ion. '''''' be hut ""'N.
in tbi. 3~'Tc<:iJlg ,,,,h ,\ri"oclc . 11,;, L' the oo-c..u cd JtlatrJW. iJuJu;h1
which ,al= "me thiug :illeT ., ~~hcr frrotw.rirdy, it ,Iq",,,h ou imprinted
im"&,,, ""d, ""''''':<l ",."tJy. ,hi. thougb, ;. """,ad oul il, ,ime. ,\ , a
m~t1l'r of f""t, in di sc,,"';,-" (h"u~h' ,h"r<' is ~" '''''; 'ISie ",,,,,,,-,,'
d",,,,,,,,,, _
I" """,,,1>' (0 "".-J"'.,,,....
this, d ,e tlu,u,tfo! ;m'ol,'o:> 110 complexity
a",1 i; OOt directed 10 I'rupooition' ,dlid, a", <omple,,- The Grttk
an,l. ", ,,ch mOr<. oriemaJ rdltttion, ac"",,,,kodged ' hi' way of 1>',.
,m"';
e,;,';,,<: 'h01 ii. 'brough ~ .hr.r1) uom<du. l<."<l ~ "d "0"-1" 01'0-
, it io"al ,,ay. ']1,< Sloi ' I'"k" of di'e,-' cog" ;';" . ;ml' ""ion
I""ml!)ll"'.... ,!">,,uwfa . I'I"t;",,, allh,,"gh di,..ont;lIg fru", th o Stoic.
on "" ma"y (><>in" <on';,ier",1 'hi< kiud of 'hough' in "rn" of con
fad "' ,h Ih~ higl ... , ",~Ii,y.,. In b el, ,,he <Onteml'j~1ion of ,rum
,hruu~l, ,,,,,,-,ij;curs',," 'b o uJ;h' i",'Ok,-.. au "wreh,",io" "hieh ],""
a ~"" objcC! nfk'k""kdgc, ""mcl\". Lh. d;,; " . ,"~Iit )".
III O rigcn the ca", ;. r:n,hc, differe n' Oil ac",,, ut of 1,h< di.., imi
brity of bi, Own world.pi.,l1,re . "d mM of 'hought f",,,, tll_ of
,he SIcH<. ""d "eOj~aIOt' i>lS. 'n.., dilTerroce from ~'e S",ic, 1.><. '"
(he ~pl'lica,i<'" of thi, m(>de of co"'ac( ,,';(h a /1""""",,"1 n:.~(~.
RCg"dNIi"g ;':"'I'I.."",;" m. Orig< '" diffi" in holdi " g ,I,i, co,t,taa wilh
G,><l (0 I",,'~ " />"',,001 cI.a~,ct ...... Thi. I""""", be,,, "1'01 Origc"'s
Trini'"riau T he"loog.,-. ." wcll bi, dot,rine of the l.og<>< . which "re
ou' oof m.,- "'""1><,
T he f,!Cl i, th at he ' ;"" od the doetriu" of cr.'~tion at "n, am(",,, I~"
to b.-iug coh ~ .. "'lr couchoo in ,mrd._ Thi. i. wh.,- h. dclibe ...... ly
o",h",,'oo an outright e'plic"ltiou of ,,' ha, ;, not >u",q~ihle of b<ing
<Ol1< ,,~iued prol'Osiliom which.re " runs toget her in , h. t----c l.u", .
1"'1<'1(1. """'p" ~rt: CO"'"m l~'''"(i here in ;"oIal;O<t from ",,, 11 odoer.
bu' Lh,') .n: not ch"i ",'d or oon<a, . ... ted , 1 on . T hi, conc,"!'uon
im 'oh-e. no elHeftainme,,, of prupo> i'ion, ,,' hid, ,,'ould build "I' a
... er. f:.....,. 11'.1.1. On oIW poW ......... U . 10000uIarlj int"""u"!!.rtXlt 1'
."-C_ u ''l"t ' l>~,~ tfw;,ugh! ---an'~ J G=l pMk_>phy. fu.~
!ftJo, .1" - So-!>. 70 l%ll 70 . 261 "

'"
,ta,em""11h", wmcth ing ""m[>< . '\")' ,'a,o_
",cm of ,hi,
kind j . oimply i1llI>o>. ;bl<. Tbi. ;. why he 'H'" ,ha'
d "", "'" certain ,1U1lg<. ,hi- ,,,,,",,uog of ~ h;"l, j. ;"'p".~I"" 10 " _'l'loin
by ,n;- ~""L'" languOR<, hut wh;';h .,.., " ... (Ie cl.., ,h_gh ".'pI<;
>I~)""bcJ";' . , ",d,,, ,b.o through an) f'O"-cr of ~ ...... I;. 'nu, rule m".,
cootroi uur imorpretat;"", "'-'" of 11 .. dj,-"", ,,.,hing.. ill 0I'deT "'..
",b., j, -..id ,n.r< ill "'''Y I>< .,.im.,<d in Oe<:onl.HlCC "'" ~' i d, .be
"i""
"',,.,,,"", of t1. , l""iI"" go> b" L "i 'h ,I" ,~, po~-, " or, I", H 01) Spin'
"h .. in,,,;"Xl ,he <om"''''' ,n,''
. le1 "' . .. COlllclnpi'"'' die 1HgiJt!liJl: of

c,,,atiOIl. "" f.r ~. il i< )'0,.;1>1" for 'he mind tQ COllwmpl,"e ,he
/H~ning of G."r.
crra,j,-" WUf.'"
,\ccording to Origo ... no I'''Wn> i, "cbl""'C ' 0 '" ouc ,"iglot
CO,"e in COntact ,,; ,h f~",1. Th;, "' oue of hi, major I>oi"" of um
""'" 10 I~oti"",. '" s,,"",' m;,,!: from d,e Ch),;"i." oorim, of a "~dic~1
!PI' a"d ,h"'ollti",,;,), 1><11,.."n 'he dil' ine ",al;t) ,,,,d 'h ~ "mid If
Origeu can bol,l (a, he doe.) a collcep' of lIon_d;"-",.,;,,, "I'pre-
hell';'''' oflb< d;';II< rea~t)". ' h i> " no' bee.u", mall ",",ell'" 'hrough
r")~tical p,ogrt ". bu, I><eau.. God ,,",,,,,,,,,I;. a. l..<>g"" ;''''',,(1ing
"",I .$ Hol)' Spiril """,i"S I~h, oto a r.,io",, 1 erca'" ....
Bu, ~'e ~mrm "'~, lournal' ".'ure i, ,.... "df",~kic"t in . 0)' " 'a ) to
qu"" fur God owl '0 Wl<1 hi", ,11 Hu"""If. oo:des. i, io Ik~ .. ,1 by d,"
G",I ",It" " oI>i<'<' er
,he .. ,,.<1,.
H" " r""od \>-,- """" ~hQ, ille,.
d<"i''S wh .. ,b<y ca". ",10,,;, ,ba' ,he)' """I hun ...,d ,f..ov,~ bun><lf ,o
,h"", 10 ~I\O.O!II he joogc> i, W.1<iog (0 .1'1"'.'. '" fM '" it i, t>=iLk
fur G<>d ,,, t... u,.,..." 10 man oDd for 110e h,.""" >OUI ""bkh ~ "ill
u, "'" I",,\)' 10 1:<"", (".od,'"
T h", "pp("("l1<n,;"" '1hmLJgll 1>: .--. mind a",1 rca",,, '. or 'mr' cog_
,,;ti,.., imp ... ,';"n I ...,.'''-~~. m'o\ """,,,-,, i a. O,ig"n call, ;t in SI"ic
termin"logy.;' 3cto~'U)', killd "fi">true';",, origin."e,1 ;u the di,i""
gracio", Co""'n'. In the final ',,",I)' .... 'hi> .. an ill"",j,""ioo deocel"t
;"S frum .,,<1 I>o:"aini"g 00) #m~"",,,,; ~" iU"",; "~'iQn .. hich is
'" 1\-00-. IV .!.lS. I'ow ........ =,~nd or knM..... "'" , _ ) . d.- knM.j.
eo.I!I,
of the f-,,,,,,, ",
be mp....,;b!.., ",,,,~). ,, ~~ting. . fuoo,p.. , H9,\, 517F.,
~. 2148: ~ f~, l''' C l-IIU.
" 1\-00-, 11.9./; Obhc. .... "".
~ ' Cl f", .. .do. 111 .1.1 .
... VIs. \' 11. , ~.

",Iform '"1(> ""'t-aJ.y all the ",,,ne. In ,imol.:.."o" ,he", '" n<ithec
""
t01"~I'x i l)" lI or progrc-<' . ~lId allY ,Ii>c'''''OD .1.011 ' , hi, rcalioy to
bc).'on,1 aD)' 010" of dialectiu. "e"dle" to ~.)' thal i, ;, o,~)' 'he
"',m; nolog)', not It... im p,or< of ,h,' d: l";" "hieh ,. of S1<'~' pru"c-
'"' "CO h",., ,ine< ,>I"" ",.." Drig"" 30""",1 from 0111o", he Illade
hi, OWll. ami 'he whole cOmCO down '0 ". ,,;lh 'he ""'"l' of hi.
pcr .,oality UI~)Il il. [11 , hi, case UrigCll " <><p".i,ioll of,be tellcl p,c_
,uPP""'" ~ ",,,,,,,,,od,,,, reali,y: 'he function of 'direc, rog.l i.i,'.
unp"'''',,''' applies 10 lhi .. ~n,1 ". 101>"" ,h~' <1.., i'k~ of lr~""'""
(~'"ce ....". "" ac'<"I""blo tv ,h, S,,,i.;._
U n" "'''<J I,I "')', bo",t;\,M': '1\,,, 'hi> i. not plau,i l,lc!' III "'ying 'hi>,
h. will ha,.". qui,,, ub();)n,;ci<""I), 0.1",,,,1), ""' Uld,,,,,,1 ,he ''''Y ddi,rilioo
of 'dirtc. <"gniti,-" impr=;()n' '"'to:J..~K"ori) \KCyro"U> 1 ""ro ... ~ng (0
Sloic Ih""gllI . ,"' . """er off~c( . che S,,,;c conception i, Ill'" 1h"
.di ",,( """,i' n'" ''''I'''''';''''' (X" '''A'IO'' tni 'fI<1 ",,,,,i,,) ;, 'd,ff"", ,,( fmm
"I"" i. pb",iblc' (J;,ai"p.r,. &[ ,~. ",,"'A'I"" '~y \KC."'"'''' 'O~
'~ '.' " Wh~t >rtIm '0 he pla", ible" .uhj""") diak",io; hc!~I",.
after ~ ee""in ~';:\l m"n'~ti"". ,his '1'1."";0'" coold be rl;'I~"c-d . 0 0
,he romt ..,.y. ditrc' Cogto;I ;,.. ;"'1'''''''''0'' "U'''A'l" ''ori) "'''(10(,,) is
nO! .u><cp(iblc 10 d',p",,,f \<o'h.,c\"Cr'" 'ill i, mea", (ha, whe",,,,,
j,b",jhl,,' caD be I"",'r" '0 be ulilrlv. .,.ha< ;" ~1'1'T<hr"d1 'h",ugb
"" roA'l""""- _,",(10,,, (ould !l e,'er he 1''"'''= '0 be ,"u,ruc.'" ']1\;"
;, "'h) du, w'", ",g,,,,,,,i '" a 'cr11<:rioo, of lrulh' \<(>In\p''''' "A~(",!. ,.
~or. h)' ,k-f,,,"o". .",w.'l"t~~ opuY'(IO'" is ,,"'h ., ",i,.,. from wl""
mu!J t"i,". (h., i;., f",m " hat i, mIC, a"d " "QuId nl"'W ~,;"" f",m
,,h .. cl"" no' <xi .. . ' (_1'"1(10'" ~",w.'l." '''' ,;,,;y ~ Woo ,0\; ".ap~
ov",", ' ''' "", ' ...:.," '" itt<,,!ll'1>" "'oo""<~""Il'tv'l "'" ivaU<l'l'puJV1~"'l
""oi" ,,;,~ ,h rt ...",,, ...6 ~~ """AAOV.",l. 'oo So ~'" Ir"d, ",~, .... h""<I"d
(hroug h ""'aA~~"ori) .... "'''"',, " t~')',," d .'I< I\.u,.J ,,,,n'q",on' ' ''''\
X"'P i" rii -am ,a.:; ai(l&.\""" i... py<ia:; .'''' a. wdl a, I"')'o"d .,.1""
,",cm, 10 b< 1~''''';l.tIC (1I,,,'I'<p," , <>i; ci>~I'"
.., .... _ 1 _ f _ _ lo. I, 1.1. ~-(; ; ag.Un. ;. j ~I!< .'Tf ' Th< "",ok"
;,odO::." ,.".. ..., ..... so' .,.1 "",.',
,~
..l.
,,".1> yO~ I"", ,-......".",.," ......"",;",.] <13,6.,..,,,,, .;.U~ ro 6< ~
a.u-; <I.u/Ia(, .... SI"I': l 111. &-7.
'" er. ,n; ll. 19. 39.
,~ ,I 'F, 11.22. 28-30.
'" SIr. ll8. &-1 1; aloe;n srf: 11. 21. 12 1<,11.31.1; 11, 33. I .
~ SI"F. 11.2'.11.
SIT, I. H I . ~6 .,0<1. ag>i". i., 1 ~-I6.

'"' \\,i,h ''''!'''et 1<) the problem <.>f lime, le, m~ gi"~ ,hi. e"mnpk
th e fin, of th" Iob""c<l ZC1lO'. pa,.,.do~c' of rnoUo " d;'I'",ed ,h<-
'-er), !>ossibi!jry of" ,nan 10 "'''''~ al "U. A" <>In'iou. "",I )lh ,,<ibie'
.''''1da~ ''''perie""" "as ,..t)u"c'<l t .....
~'" of di"kC1"'-', ~nd dct,;,,,
o n ,,>eh ST"",,,(h &"".
"n un til "ur cl.)". although it ,h"ukl n01, ill
th e h/;Io, of Ihe <100'.-.:1"",,,=, of l"fuU1o,;",.1 C.'knlt",
"11", I'<~l jml"'rt of direct cogll;';'-" ,,,opec,';OI\ (""<UAt)"no;,\ ..,,,"
rooia) play. ~ crucial .11<1 dee;,;,,, role in (U)(kr>'aJ"ung Origtn'.
concep' of a oo" I,,,gi"oi n~~ .... ,m,ld . h is cert"inl~' "'" ;,,<i(kn,.1
tha, _ "h<ne,-cr h< IT,,",~,1 do;, delicate 'l.,o>lion. he e~l'''''''cd (""h""
hinted . , hi. ,;C\>" u>ing 'he Stoic IIO';OU ,)f ''',,,,,A'!",, _'; "",.. woia .
Thi, t,,,,, ""'" be I"id ,,00'" ;",,,0<; 0" and painSlaki11g >tu(il' in
order to ({)"'I,,,h.,, "'''''''1'';010 of (Tealiol' ""d ;" ",Ialm., 10
Go<l. To hu Ih<:;. que";o,,, C".. t)o,~ be ",,>&bl Ihoo"gb "or""; die)"
can otll)" l~, appn;hctlded th","gh d;,.", "w",hon,.",,- hor lhe 'ho-
olog;cal uot;o n, u""d ("<Ii>. &.:~~&"'. ;,.,"',.... ar< outy a """""
of ,xp'e,,;on, aD,j a<1uaJly >tan,1 " ' _ h um~n m;",1 and G",1. ,0>
I< ,ho"kl 1><' .. mpho.;;,1. h"".",'.r, ,h~ , ",,"" direo apprehension i,
'\()( "'g""leol .... "" a<kolu",c ;" ,.ikw", l f,,,,,,,;oo in ""Ier '0 com-
prehend ' he,., que,tu"" en' ;n-ly. Thi, comp",hcns.io n. in ilS full"" ..,
i Iwl" 't<mming from the I'",m;"< of '",<in~' God 'f.cc to ooe',
i, p"rt.~;'l ' to the ""' ha,olog;cai rea~ty . ,01,1 "' d""ille,1 to I", fully
.....al;,"'1 0IIjJ ,1" ",'"'
'1'1,;, i, 1Il< ...or; .et 00' ",,<oont of"hid, 11,;, al'Pn; hens.ioo' 't l""",~h
n""",,'
I"' ... (n'~ .... ,,=UM i, ~l .... the ten" for l.ogm <~'m(}t b<
~.pree<l'hn~'gh cti"",,,,,in th"ught . FOT o"c~ (~" ,,,Htu,,,. to ."a;"
th i" he ,,ill in<';ta l>!y iMoh.., ,,h., " titMlm ~"d 'h,,, not ""''''1'_
tible of ~~I"'''io" "lOol P'""!:"'" h, " ,I;"""";",, llooogb\ ""d propo-
,iW '" "hid, ~n' p,;q,; loo:",,,,1 "i rh P"'l!"'" ~"d 'I'n~d ,"" irt lim, .
T h" m"a", tha( ",,~ migh t ""'011" '0 pu, into ",-",,10 " bmdw
r"alit)" through m""t> "'hio;h a", b)' na''''e bo""d "itll ""If, ' hey
I'cc"'11""'" tim<, and all~ l)~i, of them iHC'.'iL,hly iHtrooiucc " fiL";un
of "",cl"""",,, ki,h ,ime-k'hkh is sdf.deli-ating,
T hi,;, tl ... rca,,'" "h) On!!,," oon"a"d~ "><10,,,... <1 ou"igh, '''1 .....
,;Iio" of Ihi, t;"'o~,.. ",.lity through d;,,,,,,,,,,,, rdkctiu"_ 110 j"st
"1'1>caled to aWr<:he rl .x, rl 'h)" the I""" ",i"d ~"d cca"' rl ' and to tb<
.. c.frJ<la. XIII .
'" 11oi.

'direct en!!ni,i,,, im~re"jon' I ~",M~.".-oi 'I"lv,,,,,io of ,h".., who
'"
,,-;,10 to rorJ>prr l" 'nd ~, ..... doctro,e,. Tlci. is an ~lIi 1\ )"" "hid, is
indica,i,-c "'" ,,"ly "f lu, ""1"'''1 f,,, ,he un!!"'''I'"b'" ,,,,,>cc nd, ne.
of the di"i"e ",alilY, hUI ~l"" of hi, soll ",1 di~k,,'ica l disciplin. _ 'ni,
"";,,,de ""1lI ~" l>< ch.lleog1 b)' ""pm~ ,,-ho pu'l~"" 10 ,tick '0
(he rub of logic MId (~..Jccti c . No ou, "'mkt ,uk (he 'luc<tion about
an) 'bet"",' I h ~ p"",(k", ;" l r ... ,,';oo. Ul "hieh 'bdo",' 110<", " "
Ot~l 0",1 and no ~rc"ivll al ~Il. Th. " ~I)' 'l,,,~t i o" i. ,,1),",<:1. For
Ollet: ""e 1""':> a '1""";011 .1>.,,,, all)' 'b&><o'''' or impl;<> a ';mi
be '''ml'''r~j "o,io" . 11,- h... alro"",, ,."",Uun/ /mu inw Dm-U"",,,,. " nd
llou., is ohli,;",,, of the fumbmcm,,1 pnorru"" in I;'c,. n lirtuail)' .ri);
''''''; a",1 ab,,,,,1 .... un'pti o" ,,-iU ha,-e I""" ilIq;jIO"" ...,y in..,,,ed
illl" Ih,- ~'l!um~n,. S"ch ,c,"",:m;ng, .I><,,fo "'. ;s opc". ;n<io" ca><:
;, qui,,, pbiu. Fo, 'M>I;on . p",""iniug 10 ,,," .. die-du., (bllc,cu' r<:dl
;00 are in(o<lg"'ousiy cooc"'ena,,,d.
TI... ", is, It...,..{on, a point "hieh ,h<x,1cl h,' cl".,..-"" [n ~1~)o"U;d'h
ing thi, '<>peel of O rig""" ']lOugh, . on" "'a,,[,1 'r,' to rclka ;" "mc
to tL;. jJ nd of m,dc",,,,,di,,!!. TI';. ;. " emci;,1 e"""'qucucc "hicb
110,," frob' Ihe >"er,' fac, d,,,, oh;, <locu;ne is 0"1(8'''0<1 ,,,, her 'han
l'lai,~)" ""poun~i by n"."" of a ,hulking which i. "0' direc'ed (0
"xpl;ci' propo.<;';",',- 0,,.., On" is promp' '0 k"n," in ,.~. Sl.,e-
Ill.",,,,, '''''''' ",hich )e.. 1"",,\ d<~-"k'p'--d (~, '['" mn .. h"'''''''''"e pr,,,,,;,.,.
he i. b""'Mi (0 '~l' '0 "''''''s cuncl,,';un. , In ,h i. IT'!>CC' ,bon , .he
,...,unl',;on ofn '1101<,"ie (o':'-1',i01O of crea';01O' i; bu," r.,I,i tk~';Ob
mad. ' h) ,h,... " 'ho o""rloo" ohi, re(t "is;'~. The 1'I.110'ojC "i.", is. ,ll
t~, ... " ,use"I',; I"" of '10 exp];ri' <"I'o.;,im' and ,ioes nO! lIe..--,1 '0 I..,
c '" c ,,~;,,<d ."ch k;" d of ,h inily, ,h;" doe"; "" of e"," ';oo do", uot tltoed '0 a]~><al '0
(~""" cog,,;';'-e ;uopre.>io" x",cJ,.~.tl-.:ti """"~'" .( an.
Th ~ ... is. ,I"rcfo'~. a POitll ",hid. ,loo"ld loo- m.d.. p<rledJy de"'.
h, '1'I'""",hing .his ""1'.:<1 of O rig<'n\ IhClught. on< ;.ilQu]d g<.1 rid
of p",m;"", "'hieh are pt.",;bi<- onl) ;n " tempo ... ' , ;",.,;on , Fo<
in"aoe . if .-. "'r ,ha, .. )m~. h i llg "'''' "'),;,,, a"d M:1Z1III hht< . it i
~ T h .. "",I bn-n ob.-..Jy ota<nl by I'Iow, ~'ho """nIr-, <hot "'f uotiuo or
~. '" '........ ;, 1''"'''* onlr ~-;,ru,. tim< ........... ~ T_. 17 t:lf, cr_ I.. ' ! ,
l~ Mf.

'"
r~a>oll.hk t" a~,"me 11"" t here i. " .",,"'''' ,,-11;';h mAr" th. sw,,,
,m fro", being wbite to hctorll iJ'g hlLle. Jlu , . lIcb "" ",",mph"u j .
~OI I""u,;hle il, .i",de"n"". U~less du, l><>i'" i, full)' "";,,"b,,,d.
" n" i. bool"d to ,hjllk uf l;mck"""""" on ,h .sarn,' premise> ,h~' 0 ....
rdll.'C\> ahout a 'cmpo",1 "",e. h, ,ha, ""'" m;,g.,idl conch,,,;oll,
arc inn; bk nlld <"dI.,." d"b.t<: ,,;ll be ;""i1l, ,uc h '" tll"'" 31>0'"
th e ''''ITa,;o11 of Gell;'. d ",ilcllgilll!" all rd"crMloc to 'da)~' ill .hr
aho",,:. of ,he ""orld or in all incomplete creation ,
Consi<!o-ri,,<: Origr"', ';c"-' or 1;..,.. a",1 ,,,,,,lion "" d. ",.""', 10
Gad . he",forc. onc I"" "Iway. '0 .,io;k IQ ,h" nm,b m~",,,l pn;mi..
put K)rwar<1 by him ",If: 'he ,li,;nc rcoJi,y ;" a "ale of titwlm"'~
nOl e,'",la,,;ng d",a.ion,'''' nol om";""'I""" I;.),. Thj, ;, the ti,m!;,
,,,,,mal "";0'" of hi> d"""inc. ,,!lido ;hould no. he ""<.1p,,d b)' ,he
" ''''''D;\Y or '/l<' "",TId' moo)(l:rs.
O n accv,,'" of the ,flu" ("'1 ,h., at<mp"ralily ;" .""""".lir., ,"'"
call1lot ,h illk of ciwcr .0""',,", or all)' lunIi"l. ""i"1s ill'" ,imcb.""".
" , if ,hi ta'e "1"" "'1~<1 '0 'or, bou"d wi,h " ",p()fa l 11" . There
a .......;,her I11ffIing {i.", nor .......,,1$.
"0 ' _,...,.,., IIor IlmfJO,aJ jI~,
;11 ti",d..""...,... S"h"(I"e,,~). ',,'y q \I<"SOOIl I',>nail,j"g 10 limel," ,,~ ..
and i,,,..,IIi ng "o,~"" "f ,hi, kind i, gro"" d/,,,,, alld mi,!cadi"g. 0 11.."
timde"",,, i. rc~",d"l a. " kill" of JurdrWN. 'h< di,,,,,";on i. I>ound
to t;.., " ,;,/cad i"g "",I pnjudicW to O rigtn'. au, hen1ic doc,rule. For
lh . fu" damenlaJ I",'m;,, (,h:" of .u"eI"""." ;" ililp"""" l of Ihrough
th e '''I)' f'~'1 'h.t tcm l"Jral notion, ,,,,,h "-, ""~cc....,,, and Ih< ""n,
are ~'hi [ "'~ril) intr"d"",<l im" Ih" '''gum, ,,''
To eOllch ,lI" reali,)' in ,,'o,d, (,,-hicl:t m"" ;' Ll le a ' ml>or~1 fllne_
t; Oll 3"" arc .hem""I"" a ,,,",,if""t3tiou of .ho ""'I"''''' re,,[it), i,
Unl'o.. ; ~I,. T o ,i> LI"Ij-,C, 0. '0 fcd il rID " w,,~ ,dUeh ;S ;"",1,,,bl),
"'g'''' i, nOl iml>o"';hlc , I" ~n~ ""'.. , il could b<' ~ :'tal mi,"'k<
'" '1' 1.... G"" ... <",n;..,",. ""r.,.",

""ho" 'h," ""m f",",JH) ..... beld .,.,
,\ti,t_: Cf. _u~ Il.I, 10,:11> 13 IOi:lo 13. A, "'p,d> 1'1>[0, Ihe1< ~ ><ill
"''''"''' ""''''''''':''' '" .b<tht, Iw ,,!!.mkd Ihe Id<.,., ..~rl;"tiog' "" '""",_
bo', 1'", m No ~' .b lbe impbc'';'"" of dur.u...n ",od Ii".-_n
,..".;I ,id< by
.. "' """ ho ""'" ,'" ,It" """"";""; '/""
J \\'Wt,.t>, ;., "TI.. '''''''';1}' of Ihe
I'IaIOID< /'".",,' .'S"'" "", i'lato', ""'"'" '" "'''''' ) ~ '''''',ia'''''3 dut>"""'. n.;,
~ . ''''' oimlW to DJ. CornlOOl\ ~'ho ;"",,,...,," """"'" in P.nntnioln",,"
PIoro .. ' dor";'",', F M , O""'-"'J. 1'fM.\ ~ . 9Il; 11)'1. 0" <he """,, h...,J.
~
L. Tat>. "'ion!> 1':"0 .. ID< fu->< ."","",,",Ii.. ",od '" <Iot, .\I Sct,,,;'Id: C~
LT.,..,., r.. " ', I,""""ton 1_, 113; \I.IroIm s,'botrld. " Dod ".>n"nri.loo
.lio<",'., MnIUty!". "'''' jIb ('__.,... "" ffi".,. ...
52 01918,. ~13 &to, Ilu<h Ihe
4,,,,, ""'''''--'. u"'i" I~oto, "~r "'" "' 1'..'''. 0_ "'''''1) ,,.,.,..
'd",",;",,'

163
(which c""ld Ihoroughly m i~e"d 'h~ ",,,ire pr"bkma,iqu,' ,,, eOl"b

li.b 'eT"fJOl1l1 uo,ion' aud b)" mcan' ,,f , hem produ"" que<,ion> or
....,,;0'" h"ennlnglu'g '"'''I'''''~;') wi, b limel~""T e".
~I) "",,,,I,,siOtI i. lh~' oI ... re i, no such notiOl' "" ' '<Tni.) of the
"wl,1' ill Urig""', 'I",ughl , Wh", he "", ,,,,Uy hold. ;, 'I"i'e lho "1'1'0
site. Crea,io" G'lmc i, ,,o bting out of loo".heiHg b)" "u .<:1 of Goo',
will. a dceisioll of free ,-,,~tion out of k",c.'" In hi. o..-u wonl, foU
"ing P" ,d', Eph. S.IH. "wc "re fixed and roo'e,1 io ' he io<'e of
G"d '.'" 11>i, Pc"~it" ')01 0<11) 10 ,h,' r"~ ,jo,, of 'be m:,,,rial ",,rId.
b,,, at,., '" Ih~ 1"""i,Io;I\I;.1 cr"~'iou of d,~ e""'l'~~("" and ).,\yol .
"-eu t(, God', 'nil and nO lle,hd= to hi. Ikr""," '0
crea'e. h eau
ddib;.e]y he """,,,,",1.ha, Origcn do<_ 1001,1 a perttp.ion of God
iu Him,ell; "hieh pa, excellence 'JU,le'~ "e. n I"'fftl', ion of God
" ';,hou , Ilc..-"",aruy ,Ioolo.g of lom as Cl'ealOr.
To >P<"~ of I'l.ton i,m ill Ori[l<'" h"" b<.-n kind "f <ngr.i,,,,,!
I",hi' , 'n" i, (hc ,"on",,1 "diet which ha> I>cc" " ,;n,mlly " ui
,..,,,,,1 ,;tw. ]) illhemL~tio", 'eblt obl)" to 'he ,I,grtt of ' he claimed
1'I~ lo" i,m "",I i\"""I,I,,,Otu,m , h is "",,~o ' l}' lrIJe I b ~ 1 Ihe cuh"ra]
e,,,; ,,,,,,,,",,, of 1\ lexal1,lri.> ,,'a$ imp'-");"a,,,,J ,,;, 1, lb e Platonic i,I,
aii"" . "'hieh in f"" held c,w,,,dcral>le , ...Y in (h~ -gion , tl,i, f1",
di~ ",,' !'C"dor O rig<-n', o..-n ""ell<e,,,,1 "'ol",;oll ;"e>.'i'ah[r I'b(onic
all .Iong. Ht ",-a' u01 [>owl1 ht3d ""tT hed, hr tht 11alO"ie "", .
look ,,, ,10,' ""'e'" .h.. " (""" only I ",~",.,.d , \\' ;I h ""!r~nI '0
'0)' su I>-
';'c ... " .uor GI 1t1U~ m"eh ha, t<J I", rc,<:on~ ,h"d " nd re,;",,!. " Old
(he ,,'] I-<n(rc...-h<d p,u~ti\'c ,,,nlic. sI' o" ld t", di,,"'()n~rm,"! , T he
"rid dai m tha, Origen ', doc(ri", ,,f eT<3tim, i, but a crude ""I,,, of
i\"cop l",oui. "" or "'''n rcliu",1 oue couched iu Chri"i"" 'enni
"ology. " , he"dy ""gJ"()",.. I,d ,
'11", wndcm ll .tion of 5;;3 ,\_ I), i"'I>oscd "n hi", ",,-, chidl)" h.,.'d
on I", i",b, and di<1ofling ill (elj)(J~" i"H' f01md "' i'hi" all UH''''''
"-onh)' rcndcriug ..... /'rtw ,,,,d fib< and h">lik te"imo" i.. ofJ uOliu ian:
,.. \.!."ile ",,,,,,,,,, .... >1). J.'(ini;on, in hKl<. 'PO"",' of Q, .d', ' ~;n ' .. [loo ... ",,,,)
to ,,<>I<. h;, U!><.,,'" ""'- <,-<t. ,I... h< h.... "'" <h< ,Jogl"'" ioka of <h< ",no...
inIp6<'tion. th" "" "",""" of Cod',...a "'" iD <),;1\""". thtolog), CC, ~I"""
IX. ,8'1 . TI", l"rtWe"' loauag<" ~ ~ , .'''''1,",",,,d l- "'-.chou in till -...... of
" -... Fr"gm,," ~" 'in I..... ' 1.9.1 ). Tt.,. faIIo<y ofth" .... J """'"h.. ... , io ""-
1.''',
,g, ,",,, at <h< f"'OJ' ~' ... '" Origoo ', """"'l"'"" of "" ""''''''' b<'-<n U-
""" "" ""'"'" of 10/;,.",;, ~
'" C . '"ry ..... }/<>JJ. .. . _ , 7,11 ,2_

'"
tesl im<)n ie" ,..hich ,li,j "0' l"ck political ai m., in fac\ ,h., .,cmmed
from cccbio-polj tic.;.II1L~cbination' ,dlich wc'" to",;n "ou;l.,. at "'o,k;
"'I"" ,,'" really nu,sing " '",, a de6,oj,;, .. ~"o'd"dge of O rig<'''', .i..-..,.
ImlC><d,J"u,n;an . nd hi. th"oIogical om';",,, 'ook r", Origcn'. the_
ology,..h", ,he >o-c"II.:<:I 'Origfni",; as>e,,<:L"'Jl(lirtg , hem .od tn nti rtg , hem light ho.r1odly
into ,logl1la," So 'he Cd'" "'". not pr.cticalk again" U rigrn billJ>c lf
(<I<.>d for ,11"" <entu,i, .. bill ngai"" ,it"", ",loo talk-d 1h eTmd,,,.
'Q,igcni.,,', H",,''cr. die ch:,,!:,' of he",,), had be"n di",<<<-d ",,""""
Orig< n '''"en d" ring hi, lib;m '"
"]1.< foll"wWg .,ory ;, prclly imLcat;" c of doe llllt llJiug bi<l"rical
plight of Origell. I'ope I\o," "a';". I, h;,hop of Rome 'S99 101.
a. ucd a le11cr to J ohn, bi,hop orJem,akm. I" 'hi> I""er, ,h~ pope
appru".,. of 'h,' ",u,d<- ."na'ion or O,ig<'o'. "'riu,,;;> a cond<-m oa-
tiu" ",hi.;h ha,l bec " i'>lIcd by " '}'1\OO of at"iOri!!,,,,i,, hi,!",,,, i"
Egyp', 'n,e pope cb.i ()l C(1 , I~" Origoo"', ol:jcct ",a, to di,i"t<l;F.tt<
th e Cltruti~ rt [,,;,h ""d h" I'inually' "",,,hClM,i:t;,,,i Rufmu., th e trn,,,
I.",r of O ri.gt- n's "-or... "\ 1 <1,,' ",me time, I>o'''~'''''. 'he , . m,' 1>Op<'
"d",-,,,I ~, .. he had ""wr ",,I emg~,,, " 'riri.'@>a"d."ha, i,,,,ore.
hc h",1 "c'-er h.~,d of Ih< ,""Il Ith" ma" hc """ co"dcmnu1g b~'
the "' ''''' lett l_ TI,c casc was , imply that this [,;'1101' of Rome "'"'
rtctiug ""d the i"fI <lence of J ..-ome and .\ t.","U., "" "",i .O rigeni;t
fri e" .! ofJc"'m~.l .".1 "YOIe lhi; le",' r j,,"
for ,h e sa ke of,a, i; f)u'g
.I <rume; " 'i,he>_ T" oht~in ,h. knee. Mo, ,,,.U., h.d ."ppli<d dl<>P<' " 'i,h ." cdi'ion or R "r'n~", "".udalion of O rige"', fk Ituuipiis,
wh ich c" nlO ined f<)'Wri~ . ,,. h, ,;c,,' of ."ch intrigue., aD),,,n,, <""
"pprrcia,c the ,-.uuc ""d ""horitr of m O,,) ron,kmlt otio,a 1'",,<:,1
ag,,; "" Ori geo.
'n", tolth is that ,h" It,"" i. a <"n,I""'''' "OO of Ori.gt' '' ' aCl,,~1
th .ology L,,, nf th~ "J'gumc,," a".. i, ,,t Oricmw.. hy hi. uniofom1cd
op]lone" ... How little 1",d the >O-<"ollcd emg,,,;,,m '0 do ,,;th Orige,,',
real ,;cv.~ i, a 'luo:>tkm whic h "ill ",.its fo r i" ,ldinitil'C ''''''wc," ''''
.","'er ",hich coul,l he reached onl)' '" "n UI"bOl or a thorough
"",,'an' h of hi. " 'Or" ,-~'a'" I)(),h i" Cn'"~ ,,,,d Lalin, ..\, IonS a.
th ;" tas! ;" no, rulfdled, m"ch room rc"min. "PC " to 0 tragi.; h;"
tonc 1~ ag-.. in .. the " ",heuti" ,n3 of a" hOllC" I~()()CCJ' of C hri"~,,,
th oug h,.
". Cl 1'tiM. 1.6_1, 1MnJ...-, ~5 ,

'~ 0.-. <hi> ,ncl.",., Hofim,,', ,,",,p.; .. ,, "' hi,.ipo/c) ,"""" J<>-, 1.19,

Cll,wn(~ lWY.
GO]) THE l.OGO S ,1Nl) WOkJ.ll
The ,hSl ioctio" ,I ","'n I""",,,,,,, \\';;'100'1 "",I I~>g"" is o"Jy aD inld-
h-, ,,,,I ",w. The cvnp' of <,,,,"," is ,h. ".,,,,,....1 I'hdo,oI'J,;".1 ,....0.:.".
b)" mean, of" hicb 11';' di" inction i. m;uk alld " nd~""00.xl , For thc
l.ogoo i. pereei""j a. the 1\";;'10", hc""~-;" Iocr relation 10 "" wodd.
Tt ... ", is "0 quesrio" of ,,"y aeh,.,J 0. )0",,,,, ... Sp<:a.k'''g of .il b" ,
\\,i>o<lon' 0< l.ogo>. Ih< ...."tial .... r<'"''''~ p"rta; n, 10 tI ~'''''' p<r-
""n. ""mcJ)'> ,toe So" of God. '1'1.... diffi',cII"" i. 11"" \\'i;dom i"di-
ea'e, 11>< li';lI S ;nco"",,,'. l 1"'.....,,,.1 " ,I>.iw",<, in hen.clf, "' ;, ho",
aB)' .llu';"" '" ' he ,,'odd Or 10 a"ythiBg cl .., ,,-hile lI,e l.ogo. i. 'he
\\'i>o<lo", cone.;,'",1 '" ber 'conu"" ";"""",, with <;d",,,,,1 e"",l ,, "'
(~... ,6 ~tv ,~~ """"""~ ,~~ .. p; , ;u., &.:nv &..."i,,~ ~,,; v.".~"'"".. rii:;
"",;,,; """,,~i,'l>, ~",'" 3. ,~, .p&; '" A.,ty.", ""","i,,. '''''
).by<!~
l.n~I\a ,,,~i""~ I. ' Th" mean> tha, W;k>m is ]><""o"d a, I..:.>go> hy
rn,ional CJ'C~ IU r< "" ho cOlun"mic~',", witL hor,
T he no"on or ' he <oncep';o", i~;,'o"" of me Son allow. him to
p"n~.)' 'he 'c[:"io",hip of ,h~ l;md." COO "i,to d .. ,cmpor.J ""rid.
Thi, "o,rc~"io " .. p"",'~le Ihrouglo ' he I",",,:o,b, co n<"",i"" "f the
1'>gI'" ~" rl i" iml'lic.,iv",_ Thmugh hi, "'-1;,;1)". ' he l"'!IoO b.:con"...
ioj "d Of'l"" L ""lK"ILing of a com,cel iou , 'loro\Jglo "" hid, ",b_ ",i.
"an i><,weelt H.re ""d ' he 1k"}'on,1 i. "'tabl", J,,"<l,
\',,,koon "'''' ",",k ,be l",gUu"uS of God ', \'"~, ,,,,,,,,,\,, bi. ,,-orb. h
IS a1c.-'g 11",,,, 'wo),,',h." ',"" Son of God;, n>o<-;,'I! ,kor-'hng, 1'0"<)-
,-;'fi,'I! f.,.-, ,,,mill> be,,,,G.<Uo,,, [.'''''';''8_ i" ,I"~, ",",10 ,,;,.J.xn. 1"1",
lop ~ , ,hcrcl"t<. ""id tu be "I'X~. bciog dift<rcm fon" hc, 1><, tile
";0''''1UO! itl""I",,,,,,,.,. I~" ,~,I) io Itn"'''1OOI""'I"i"" ",,,I ",];',iotl:
>0 tIlal h,' I"'. 11", i.ogoo, ,,-ho i,1 ,l;okd in rhe ",ril"'''''' ;, <be .. no,'
bei"g u",~, ; ;n ."lM>,,,,,, 10" i, \"iod<o" i"_,,mud, os he i, 3iti~ " r.d
,,;,h ('""t. 1"'1"' ......1 he i, the m:>';'''' t~ i" '" ,,,,..10 .. I", h. ,
iuclinro, so '0 "1"'>1;, t.,..-Md. c","ure" ~m" (.,M.) ,;"" I"" ","",,'
, .-J<h.. 1, XIX_

""",;" ~
,,",.,.. 'o.
ap/>.; '"
""J>U"I
ii .""
6,,~ ~".;j:;
..,;... ~, '.
Sq.,,,,,,,.,,;.,,,,, "
0..
",,' oi.o;~. <Ill' .... 0('1 ""; ~Io<.l. 1.'
>"""'''''".
o"'l'i~ . !I Sf
&,.",,,,,,,,00>; i.irr<>;.).'
,l_
i.' ,,",.,..
']'b" ,;,.,., ",ilc,"".,",1 h"", i, 11",1 of 'I.... ,.1,,;0>' of ,h,' l..ogoo 10 (;"d
him ,df ~n~ to ,Ik' "..,rld; but th"", " ~mlCt hi "g mo" , i",II""",,1
through thi. I'''''"'g<"' not ouh- did the IA>go, creat< d," \1"(..-1(1; I""
aoo be i, eon""n~)" reL".,(1 ", i1. "" be ""lO l""l'C'uall)' ',Itlomtiug,
pruli(~ng for. m.king b.: .. t.c.ion. f:"'"uriog',' 0" ,he olher h:,nd.
lb e ""odd i, "'g."j,,1 ... sotu",lung '< ",,,,,,,,1" (0 G,~j' H "no:< ,,',.
,1o<Ju1d ""ndud<, that O,ill"" ",,,,",c;,',,,, th e 1.)1(0' a, b.:ing l)<J1h 'ill '
,,;"<1001. that i. into ti",de,,",, ... a,,~ ,,;thin th e "-(,,Id. th,,' i" '0"'
oid.,' of 'he T riuity.
It is lh n."'gh 'his conc.pliOl\ ,,\~, the 1"ogo> "'ay 1><' ''1('O ... ~,1
a ""--d~,t ..,, i><1"'<;en the ,imetes. 0 ....1 ~n~ Ih< ,ompQr.d I>'Q,ld .
COO i, th e original '1'1.",,_ ", i, w"n" oiov.; ' ''''-.,.. "ft he I ~. )
nu , thi' i. tl O' ,h~ <ml)' ~)l!c.' of hi" h. i. al", fully pr<""" in lh.
world. yet nOt I>cing hjn"",lf f>i>,j of ,be world: be is ''',euhed 0'"
aloug>id,' "'i,h' ,he "'''rI,II'''''' '''P''''"w<'>l<'~I. T b,. <>oUo" i, fo"",1
in J crurnc', r"li" tC'dn>li,ion of Ori~,'n. lI"",i/U.. "" Ink: lh< '''''''''
of th. 1'""lm 'T h, """,d of It"
t,-"chinS ba> SO"" ""t i",,, .'''''Y
km d; a"d hi, .-<"')" 'Q the end, Qf ,h.: ea rth" i , <"m mC'H.d th'I> :
'O ur Lo"r .!u, h"" bc,,, '"read out 10 ' he "hole \l"orl,l. hero" ...
h,. i, (;"'[". pow".' ... , Behold 'he Sa,,,,,,,'. greaw",". It ex",,,,I,
to .11 tbe "orld," He !i<'<' 01> 'h""
fi}ob, I
, 1nl,
, I ..... 11'.1, 1.: ._ 01,0.......,;..0.. \l\I. ""Ill .
) """ ... -,.... :1(1. XVIII lJ<:v,",,,>I.,,...><I :':ropJ .,,,i,," ;'''" ,10< "",,", of
Origero, R. l<onio "" ... """ ."" l"'l?' ..V." ... ., "'" 1\0;, ~'P . _"' r"""
"" 0... in th<: "',.un .,f ,xi,,,.,,,' .00 '" :.. .,r., "I""""-" or ",n:u! ~ I md'
.,. ,;,. p_ ,~. , . on,..., ""'<" -.i ,h<>< J""u"",, ""q.-.rir:., iI<y<ond t.h>t. r.,,,,,
""" . "'" =<'Iioo Iba, u... 1.oS'" ~ "xi"""
00..,,' in ,,"""" 10 God ;, .,;"
"""""""''''''''' 0)' "' .... ~-ho in >lJ ~"J' ~><h .., .,triOO", 1'1irO"" f""",""'"
of ,h<: ~orld '" 00Y"- n.,,b:,,,,,,,,, in dU, "''''''' ....... , _ ~"-"'I! ,hty are
;0 pnlino tb_ 1__ " bti,,~ "",,,,,I\<,,, '\""" r"""
God '" '~ ... .-li,\O; , ,,""'~) .
,. '!fr_ br!~",," God.oo """ .....Id. Tbt I~"""~'
,lidn" ....... ~
_
,,;.t (""I in """
, I........ I ~, '. ~ citJ i" R._ IQ ,a;

~,n oddo do: " I..... ,... 'of 1..
t".:I""'~ .w ,,,..... ,..t."''''' ' h" ""
'!heir',
n. I Coo- 1, H-
11_;"', .. I..t.. 1.5. 13" ,)... I~ ',,nd;,,!!' '" all u.. ~,-"J.l, ,_ ch. 6.
p,2 11.

'"
Go lip 10 ,/" h"a'eu,,' s.,., 1>0" h" till> <I", ,d"" i.J rqQuI .. : ' 11,-
"~".,,,',I ,,, ,/" ."gel. ... Go ,Iov.'", "' )"0'" ",i,1d ,,, lh.. ",11"" ",,,,Id.
St<- that be ",ut 00-,,, th...... lO<>. 'It. "'"n' down. 'h<- on. ","";>I",
"'-,," "p. '0 fulfil .,,,,}.biDg'." ',., lru,( .. Jeou' ,,;'''''' O'o-"'T ll1 ough t
",",od. too..: of be.""n1y bciog>, .n,1 c th/I' bei,,&,. and bciog> ;" ,I"
.)nh .. ",,,rl<!'," I'o,ul... ,be 1.",,1', _or, how it b .. fdkfl "'" "odd.
~ , ~ , ; ~ ,he "',.,,,,,s..
doe <a,d . 30wl ,he ,."t.." "g>ort,_ H.- 1'....,.1
'h"",~h ,,,.,.,',,. ;t,..lf ."d """ to ,I ... "',,;.,", 0/..)'.-... 11'< 10.,,, mod
0"" tI1c Son o[(";od 1 " - through 00< be.,..,,,,'."
It ,houkl be ""'iced tI .. " Ih. "".. uic preseuce of (he l.og<" i, ,W<ltT
,,00<1 '0 he 'by h e; 1)(I,,'ec'. "'hich ;, a .ig,U/;';;;"" d,ffe"'" ce from
SIQ;,';,"', for ,,-horn 'h~ l<>go'" ;. " c~",n ic principle and h''''dl)' i.
(he..- a di"i"cUoll hCIWC<"ll .hi, lag"" """ and iL' oclloo . Tb, I,W"
of O~<" j, tran",cnd.". to ,h. """rid . .,ill "by tb e I"'Wo. with
which he is ,aid '0 fill 11" ,,"o,H" he ~o",<, '0 each 1I,a" and speak!
u, IUs he,n ,,,,d (""d,," loj", di.o<"(io" or good an,l ",';1""." \\"h;"h
m,~ " , ,I ... Ih,,,, i, ~l", "nother 'pI"", .. ,,"hn, the l.<.ogm " I',,,.,rn:
,11" 'pille~' i, ~""h io,ti,;'I"al mtional bM"g. I" tiC' . Christ
is '" I""'m,u ." '" Ix iJ"'i>:iblc ci""",<><;,"in hi, dj,ifl< ".>1UR " ,,(
,~ Ix PT"l<n' in 0,","'1' j,..mid",! mal' ",od 01"" to h .. """d<d ""'''g,
';':1< ~'i,h ,be ~ I""" .......lId Wup '. MP' o"".a". ... ,,,o,..vo.;,. h;, hc
.. 1.0 is ,lffl.:.r.-d h)" [d ,,- "),'nll] He ,,000 in ,he "'Rh' of ",:"
Th" pr".. ' n,~ of 'II~ Log<>'> i, aHLm><d iD th< 'c" ,ire "'"rkt', tha, i.
U\ oJl 'he r.'I,u", of life. h .. e",,-c,ly" tl", 1'''''<'' or th e I.og<" ,Im'
,,,,,kcserra'UJ":' '0
he mho",,1 Ilo-rt. .. ,"c' nally all
Iu<a,or, on <cou'" of hi> prc"-"'1<e ",;,Ihn ..u;"nal <rc,,' u""',
, Cf. 1"- 136,8000 Rom, 10, 6.

~ I Co<. 5, ,.
, Eplo. '. 10.
, I'M~. 10.
~.
" IM,. t. H, \\"< _
<"Xf"-"'",I<d I.. r...,.
bn, iD "';",1 "'" Orig<,,', !!....w;.,
m..
"-1"""''' """""
pu lO& in 'h< Ch,,,,,h, ;n<"'Iin~ ,,,,,,h"""n~ 11,,,,,.
"" <1.00."'" "otioo. _ '" <>,..
,tOO i" ..... h po"')"~ 11.,..",... ",e., in "OC~
;"...,"''' f.,';'""", '>I ';""~ of hi> U.. ~ " .. ;oop6<;II)' 1"""'''"
"Cf.jr,- l3. 2'; W~ . 1.7, , . 0I00~. 6, XXXIX; If-"<> ;" /"'........
5, 2.
" (7' ,~...,. .. IItt f"'tllt .. /lot
hw. 1.1.6.
R_. 12,9; er ~ I, xx.'\\'II; 2, XV;
~ It , houId h< ""olI<d thao 'h< Iffm 'm'~' ""I';" ".""1.....--. ..",-, ~-h"h ;,
]""!"'''' <,.-I,,~"" to <he Tri,,;ry.
,. jo/w. I, :16. ~ 5, XX.,",

H. i. , .. i, """', " """her ,,)
'h"", ,..;e;, i"g ;""rue,..,." .""ul!
''''''''If>
u'''I'''",Uy ;U 'he "."". of r.. ,"" '.) c....... ' ...., i,,,,nx' iJ,S ",ha,
>l,,",~1 loo:: do,,,., """ wh." wc <i<c6n. to obe) hi, ;"",,,,,(jono;" ,._
Iknee he i'"" Cl";"[ "'Pi '10 i, tbe l.usoo" ~hio:h I how", pNtlOuotc1
,,, )"" Iwn " loo "W j "dge ),,,u." aJ~1 d-u. ,' <Ol",,'ai<m ,,, 'I ,,,)!df
,he 1 _ w'l>o" "I",,,p II>e,k,ng " i,hin ,'(l" .... I ,-.~ "iU condontn Y<>O'
.,od ,her< ~ ~I be "0 coono IQ,. )'-'" IQ i"'tif)" :""",,1,,,:>."
It " ,be [.ogo. ",ill"" "",0 ,,'100 "," >Ounce, ,10, F.,ber to ,be"'.'"
T he J.<>gos 'm~dt: u. out of "",hing'; ~"d , 'once ,,-e ",-re mado:. h<
" phol,!, '" in'o heing_ and """T da)' p".) I'ide. li>r '" oO\-ertl)' 3nd
"''''ti)', bo,h ., whole ""d "3ch one ill dit.'i,h", U)". e,-"n lhough ,,'e
m~)' be Dot ",,"or. of th i.,"
" ben O';gt:" "''''D",i", thm 'the 1(00<1 Fa,her ,L,I no, altoge,her
a~a"do<, 'h""" "ho fdl ,,,,, of him'," )", ""t ".Il~' s~'" th~, (;od
th . I.os<>< (alt hough ",rld to ,he \\'o,ld, by ,';nu, of hi, di,; " i'}"I
i. aho p"""ut :",cl ~c'i"g \\;thiu d,e "'-0'1<1. Th,wl< 1(, ,hi. li,nc,iu"
of tho l"Sus ,be ".-oTl,1 ;,. bei ng hold i" "';>1< ncc ,
" beo J'a,d "')" . I)Ou, the J..os< 'For of bi"" a",1 'hrougb him.
and '0 him. ",., aU ~'ing"." th. exp,.,<>ioo 'of him' It<, " ,,,,,,,I ''' 'p-
'''''''' .. (Ite I.'ginning of ""''',",ce of ,,""'y( hing' 1. "P'O'u. I~" apx~"
riI, IO'" .av,,,,,, ~."",<i",,,,,\; tho oxprn>~'" " hrou~~, hi", ' ionpiic.
th e ,,'orld', I"'ing kep' ibtu exi<'eoce ",,; tiW o~",~~v to '<it '110'
"",,,,,'1: a nd the .xp",.. io" ~o him ' .u~" 'he CHd m; ro tiM>:;
." 'ii> ',i<; "i>,""').'"
'n ,c l.ugos , ,hc",.[,,"', i. P'''''''''' b",h in timck .. ncs.; 3nd in li mc_
It i. th rough him , I"" a perpe,ual con1l""" i"",i"D I""",,,,,, the ,,-orld
fWd God i; b<ing kq " up. l1t..o 'he /i""lam<TIl.1 tenC1 'hat G",I i.
".,j;caUy "''',...... u,ie,'' to ' h" ,,'orld i, 0\";",,.;,,.,1; .till i( i, lhrough
,b e [,rogos 1I"'1 " ".",kj"g ,<"1"1;',,, 1~'1"'''''1' 11., world ",>t! God i.
d""",,,
"":.l>li<l'<.od , Thi, i. a point of . "1, .. ,,,,,,1 from ","""ito ",-hool,
" - "17"', 2, XI'

" In " "" . ohe..".,. 1",!!,~ mean>.Jo" ,~,<.rn' ., .. ,,,",~,h ., .. '"",""' .....ool
'p"'><h,,>g' .... '",,,,I-W,,,,
~ J<>bn 12, 18.
" -"17"', 2, XI'
~ -JM>o, " XXX\"1l 1
D >rlh IH. I'C 12 1672.
M -.70i0. I, XI\'
M R"",_ ll , 3("
Cd.. \~ , (,S,

of ,h" "",,,I,, mainlr 11>< SWi.c) ,h,,"&hl, "hid reg,,,,leri gw 3$
""
imUl',,"cDt ill 'foe "'mkt Quite ron>ciowd)' it is ,,,,wl in Qf, ,h.~t
'11", Jogoo of <",."",J,j"g i s ""co"li og 10 Ce!,y, god hu~',",f. I,u. io
m) "i .... il is ,he S<m uf God' <iiJA m! ~ ,;;,., !l{" '"",, !.i,~ iar<
"",ID: ~i:v K'J.ov. "'':''"'' ;, ~ . mo. 6< ~~a.; ;, Uti.; ",,,,,,,, "
'Illi. ,;cw of lhe l ~ d uded H. CI,.dwick. He lak<, il tha' .
,conl;n.'!" t () O rigcr~ (he Log'" .. lIIcdi~'()r betwccn G",I ~Ild ere_
atiou ;, On101ogicall) ,mnding 'mi,I",1)' 1><,,,.<",",, ''''t,..,~,<-d "a" " ..,
a.nd ,ha, of all c"~lc<llh ings .'" Sul>oeq ,ocnll)". h,' '''~ il [ha. Origcn
1101,6 a n~.m ";mib r lu th.t <.>f I'hdo, acc<>rdillg to ".. hum 11>< 1"'8'
i, neilher ,,,,crea,,,d ~kc God no< =.,<:d like "', but midl''-'')"''''
If Ch,~hdc k h.,,1 i~ ",in,1 pen;""", Swie and ,\";>lo.<li.1" leTOe".
I "."uld a .. ,Ul'Cthal lit took O rigtn 10 hal'e f.oIlcn in li,,< ,,'j,h , h"""
le"""" ,... " 11l~ "," of facI. 11", """,I a",1 i,"eUe"1 of ,,"' hich l'IOOn",
"""ab are a ..,,, <>f '.;"rld...,,,I and ",,,ldintdlect, ,",'hieh aro idw
wi'hin '~m'cI,,,>. HLn"all> call """c nd frum 'hc kind of ,hill king cha,
anc,;"it to the """I Ii' tha, which i, chat.e,,,""ic of th. imdlee,
ami. I;"~ll). '0 ~ m}'lk~1 .'xp,,';c,",.' of 'he 0 " . \\'hao C had"'ick
,hd 1101 gras!, , hough" ,I"", a' ~'" I",i,,, "hid, he eo,,,,,,",,,, 0".
O ';l n "'r....,n 'he I ~ a. 'o,u ~""~,, ""fe;; rii<; fot; ol1'_l'ii"'\O
.u; rii; f';'" )'<Y~";,,, ~';V'UIV """,-"",' " which i. "u ~'I'rc.';" n pur
1''''';''1: to d,ocrib" ,btfim'ti.o of'hc [.ogoo for tb . "'k of th. ",."rld,
"01 lci, Ot"oIo;;ic~1 ",fU" For H" ;" himstlf i, pr;"r '0 ,b~ ".orhi.
0 ';1 " i. l"n"'I" 10 atli"n ,h.l he i, Ixgottcn," ),,:1, he .dd" l hi,
pon",)", on ot"oIogical re!"'ion he'''-c< '' oh<' Fa'her and 01 ... So" :. nd
in "0 ,,-ay d,,,,, i, ",b,~ '0 t h~ ki nd "f'S""'''';; wh ich mca,,, "0
Come into lII:illg 0", of "0,,.111:;118','-'
hi, '1"; '<'0'"anr
m' ~)Ilal n",uf.' . Th. LoS'" i. a 'n,l", "f,h. ,,-orl<l, .. ill h~;" also
'1<'S"h" ,,'i, h' ,Ite F.,hcr.'l '\l,;" i. plainly 01"".1 in romm}"',", wh,,,,,
" c.r,. \" n

" 11, Ch ...... "., Qi.o:.o., _ &1<., I" 151
" "', <iI., P. 15 1,0.'1 AA"","" on <he """'" h,nd, in<r<od""", " " . ' " ",,,I,
;'.,AUooo H. 1",,~ ,\l=uod<-r or.~ m'-">Win, th., uu. .... '
'"~~... Goo .. ,1._ C. .".." or ,1_ c......
""mo, 00, 16-9:l, I t),
" (A<, 'U, l '
.' ,ft.lt."- ~t~.
" ,ft.lt.o. 3, . ..., _ I t.... Cf. ', in PG 11 .2B'I_
H """, 109-, ~ _fil*. cv,

l iO
th e ":a,,millg;' de'''lope<lbr m noid"'ring the I"""'S"> Gc n. I, I:

'Ill 'he lIegiJlIl;n!l" God created tho hea,""" "nd tll< eanh'; "'"l Jo hn
I. 2: ' He " .... it, 'he begioll;,'g "ilJ, (;"d. n. ['-'fere"c, i, m,,, ,be
. " 1'",'';0" "1[,. ".'" in the I"'gi"ning' d.ad) ' '']!ge,1.> a " 'nio01)" to
wh'" lLW I"mIkJ in th e beginning'. ' i11ero;f"re, 'the I.ogo. i. (A""r'
th a" all crea,i"n (..0 51: 'h tiPl~ ~v' tI"~ .proll"<tp.iv 00" toU h '
tiPl~ .'"o,~~ .... ou. oil ~bv"" ""~"'''i .ut ~~pO. . a.ua "'-"00
".i rit<; .pttlll"tfi>O; itn," b l.6--r<><;.\ ."
T h;. i. the ..,,,'" in "hieh the ""'0' " a",oc ...~IOr' n"v",~pti,,,,!,)
i, applied to Ch';'L" He i, 'p,, ,,,,,,,,"tor' l.><t,au,"" ''''"Cr,~hi''g ha,
he<1I W>'C1' to him ' hy tll< F.,hcr."
T. Torrnnce look tor gra m",1 'h'" Origeb held .he ... mal eo<x
i!len<e "f Ihe llll"'tr>e' "'i, h God ." He cl",m, IlL" 'aCCQl"(lill g '0
0';"':"" (;od h~, "11,10"' 1 ~)e w'atioll ,,'i,h His ,,,,'Il r~oo" ~h '). 11."
me."', .. Ori!!",,1I 1~)i,"e'l "OIl. ,h., Cud h., limit<d Ilim>clf it) ,Il<
limitatiou of <"'.tio n . . "." T oTT'.u,cc, ' JilOgi' Ul i, th., . i" cc lb<
world and (;",1 arc '""",ern ..i', ,he", <:3" I", "",rubg [,-, C",I which
is 1><1'1)l)el or ~.I)""e,,d"I)' ", ,h,' ,,-orIel: ,he .... ea)) I", nmho)g "hieh
,'-'''''0,, 0IIjJ to G",I ... ,,1 ,,01 ,,, ,h,. ,<odd. H""'"wr, 0",;",,'. ';e'<
abo,,, tho'" concep,io)) , 1>';l1~i))illg 'onl; '0 Chri" ~ ))d to '1(' 0'1<
<10' <>Uf';' ~a; oi&VI" gm ,u <tuit< the 01'1~",il<: n01 onl.,. for God
th e F. , her. bu, al'" for lh< Son although he i! obe in me wodd.
,,' Log<>" the .... "",, (oo\c'pli"," " 'lrich "" ItJ)/ J~'I"\:I;,\ '0 1I,,' ,,'odd:
ill other ><ord., God lI im""lf .h"uld Ix thO"g i> 1 of '''g-"db, "f
""alloll.
The J A~O>. 11",,fo, i, both in C,.-t a nd in the """Id It ;" not
in hi' ""'" re '0 he mid", .,.. Hi> onlOlog.,. i, "ot ,Ii.vuted: hi. ,I;',-i"ity
is 1I,e ",,,,e a, 11"" of (he h~,er. To bt: ' " 1I,. world lho,h ,0< a
"hole and in each .... ional crr~t"'" l'<;rI~ i n, (0 ) i, actj"n atld 'hi,
I~''''d,'' , ~" hi, ontology. J'r(~lablr ,h("" w )O() co"fi,,,, th ....1iM of
~ ~. 2. 11', iu.lX> .un< 0"". "''''''. """';.,,, ,hooId be rmo to oh<

mon",,, ;" "Woe" ~'" oh~""", tu, "'W-'o"""", ~ly !he """,.,.Jou, ~, .
c.; .. ,.J~';' .,r ,,","ur,;oI ~ ".""'"'", l ~ 'he <" I-"'"" ';g>ur.;. ... , ",od ;,,~.
ca';,,,,,~ """'" of ,~ro..
M mA. 23, PG 17.1 '6 ; MP>. 21, PG 12-l~'ffi;ftJ""', Xl.H c.t.. I'l l, 10.
"ftII"'- 2'J, 'I"'-"'"t! ~"n . 11, 27.
~ T, Tott" ..... s,.,.. 1 ....... "_ ,. " Lor>dot,. 100)-, I" MOl:
-,-
IIM.
M",.,...

'he l ..:.>gm i" th" ",,,rid wi, 1o hi, <"""
" " ,of0ll;.,.. mi;""d",,,a nd hi.
'"
bci"g "lII"dimo,' hct,,-ccll Gc.l and the world. Hol""'=, bCTc to
how O nge" lea"". n O m<" for ",",,,,,d,:r,,,,,,,Jj"g:
Th, "1"" ,10, "'''''n
doclli>iog ,lo< n,..!i..oof, i",iical 1 ,b" b).- pl.in
c\is{;fI(ioD I .. )uog. 'the " ,..1;'10. t.<t", ,,,,,, God . ",1 "~ ' '', ~~ . no."
Chn" J"'~.':" b) which be """ o!"';",,~)- aching 110,,, " "<{!'>t..r'
noo" I:>< rcf=1 no< to (;Iui;t', dc;'y 1,0' 10 tu, hw""oity. i.e. tu
....,,j."
III Orig"" there i. no '1 " "";(1) ~l~)", doe oat",c of tLe Log"" IU
hjn~.., lf. Hi! n~lUre "' the divine one,
Chn" ",me 10 thj, "'.. 'oo! from Ubioo, of Illi Q"to".... bon
n",,~d hy <OtlqwAA>., >l", .. , F<>r h. w.. ',,, lfu h," of ('""I': a,wl
"'h<'" h~ ... e. t/u, <Io::",J, i , '><tt;';"8 do", i,Uo<' th'<>u~h ,10, J"""oIe hr
'he """'gT<"",;on of 11 .. OIlC '''.'' , ~< i, " ,,' o " In';',,,. 10 bi; ""-"
"ntiun . ~
E,= in th e ah",,",,,, "f an)' crCa1j,-c dcci>iou, or creat;"" ",ill, or ere

a,j,-" ne, of God, ' h" I.ogu; h'" alw~)~ bttn in ,I" ,ti,U" being.
Tlw concept ion of di,',," lra.,,,,,,,,ode,,c" r.maulS IW)\)) ;" ,ac, and ,,.,..
r,,1 in ad" ml>m, j"g [""11''' in ,hi, ''''). 'n ," ""n", ""n I',i.,n allo'"
fo r " dear <ij" i"<1j"" froll1 ,; """ nf Ikradi" .. , " hicb lUi~I" be
"pl', ,,,,,,ly ,j",ibr , ,\ , a ",,," cr ,,f [,' 0' , 1'[CFdeli" " ,..g;m!. n"~)Ilal
beiDg> ' " I", "'ch by IllC;D" o/" ,h";I' p.'nicip.~ti"" '" 'h t L"SO" Sa",.
E'''plricu,. aM'oug h expftl,u' g him"'1f ,hro"gh Swic ie,m ,oologr
(wh ich is ""n';dordbl)' 1'1<' ' 0 d l'.......... rd';O ...,cah"la", i, hdd '"
f<nd~, I""<""r f.i,h fuUy I'[e",di,u, ,ic,.... I'[e d<=ril>e> a 'commo"
..",I di, u,e I.ogt>!- lr,' ,neau< of p.~"i cip"'i"n to whic h W~ [,.,c"me
",,;':,D.\!'," a,ld ing ,ha, w hat npllCa" to be COD""On in "U i"rntionaJ
bejng>] is '"hahk, ju", I~..,a""., 'his i, p<f(~i""d by 'he Log"., ,,'I,io:b
is COmnlO" 10 ,,11 and di,;"c; bu' wha' h~PI ... n' ' 0 0'''" ,i"g1,' ""'0-
,",I heing ,h()Uld no' l>< si,'e" m"ji,. ThHerOre, ,h~", ;. a comm()n
world of l1"\nh. h,,' ' his <oldd be app,oached only <f ,,'e lea,-c o nr
u,di,id ..,1 "",I dOCOf1b", ",,"" brhir"~ "",I (l~,,," ronclu';o", Ihruugb
(hem "" I)' l>y ,nca,,. of medi,a,ion, 0', I"'''er .. il~ ,h rollgh un "i,;o".
, I '11,,, 2, ~
" ( ''"I>'' ... ljJlk If lilt f i _ , 3,8.'1

" //OJ" 3.B.
M _ " " I:mpiri<u..,w,.."", ,1/_ "",.
\ ' 11. 12611' 11. l);eh, /", f,-"~'"
1"""""",",,41, .l" "'.-6", 19~ ' l7; 22A 16,

11 i. ,h"n qnil< ob,;"u. ,I"" '0 H"racl i'", ,h~ 1"'8'>' i. simpl.,. a
<"" ,, tic "rin"iple and, ",ha, i, m"r<, ,her< " IJO ,lc<ce1l(ii"g of du .
[AgO< 10 ratio",,1 heiJ'g', but ..,uh", an 'a""eudu\g' or Ih"m 10 ohi.
l..<og<A thru"~h '.o"di,o[io,,' and 'i"",i';on' . In Origc", h) r,,'\!r~",
w" )",,-c 'h" I><.-.ona) 'ra";<n,J,e,,, Coo 'he !.ogm, wh" o:mdeoo<:nd,
" '" ' of gm". o.11d co", ~io" '0 m,ionru l>tings, heUlg cominu"," ,J)"
in d",m ,11er he brought ,hcm into l>ciug,
Th;' (one<p'ioo of 'h" [ "'g,," allo,,~ "." ,101;0,", '0 he co,.,.");,,,,!;
f!NI. C ",) i. lime""" am) r~dk~U)" If~n""'ndo:m 10 Ihe ,,-o,ld, """.
o"cU y, Coo i. 'h" creator "f thi. "wltl, he communi"",,:> ,,' i,h it
aud i",kcd ac", wi'hin i,.
Th;' ;. 'he p,loh ' hrough ,,'loch Origeo "'a1! ahle ,,, "cl' from hi.
'Jbtology (oba, i., lri> <obCepool1 of C ",I in Hin'>elf ' 0 m. Cos",o[og)".
The'" i. on." fu,a) ""int whic h ,h'H')') l>< m .~ e in p ~~"'i"i"g Cod,

World ."d T iU1e, M,d tl>tir mutual ,d.. ion, in ,hi. ,","hOIL It i; 1I>t
a)!peamucc or ,i ", o ,,;th ""I""" h' "mll~"' ,
Rt'gardin8 'he ... ""mon ,b." Tri'OI)" ak,,'" ""11>nd. all u,ue,
"h~rea, ',110' n'" of Ihi,,<!, .. ,,,'hid, ~ .... ,~"",,d 10 Ih~ Tri "i'~, mw '
h" ",,,">u,,'<ri",l. of li m,,','" Orill<11 ."pbin. ,I""
th " 'cx,cma! ' U1ca", ohc ,,-orld i,,.lf,"
The i ( k ~ tha, the world .,.'" Ill.(k through 'hc 1.('1\'" n",i,,,";,,,
,h . "i<'w of r.0() n. d'~I1gd. " . h ;. a fac, ,ha, C O([ i. Ixj-o rl d ,i111 <,
"hid, moke. him 001 '''bj<:C1 '0
ch""",, . :\cconlolgl) ..... lional c.... ,,
" "., '" '' ,ul9<'" 'n .)"..-ati"" a,,~ ch.nge" b)" ""'''''' "f ,I"" ,h",
camc i,,, o <,""enee ou, of " o " ",,xi"cnc~. It ;. a l,,) on acco uot "f
,h . ",orld hciug ... / of God it,,,,,,d),, 'hm 'he ",,,,1,1 ;. ..,m~'hi"g
'ex,<",,,r " '" 0",11 dm, 'he "';"eocc of the ,,-orld d"". u,,' e,,,ai)
"tr)' " otio" of <hang" ' " f ;o<[ Hj"'.... lf
~ /tW, IV. !.
of
- -J-, ~'O .
XVUL I "8""
G_W_ Ho,,,",,,,,,,"
Jho<,
~~ h
"" ""'rprOlion of""
in "" in",,""""") " , th<
~t.o, b.,."k.
I~, ".........,.
"", ohoo 'rouo-
,... b<WIr>." "" de fuUl < ~ """,.1<' dot GOOI.."", .. Oh!' &>" ...! Sp<rit.rt <l<'linitd,.
~;, bm -' ,Cf_ Ff, p . " ,_
, ibo<, 11.9.2.
~ I'W, '\',' 2.

00" "'K WOO, "-~" ,,'O"ill 113
It i. Urig""' ,i.",. ,h3t 'he e",ati",n i. cl",,,,I)' reb,.-:d ,0 ,he """

lell ", of 1ll,,~. to ;. l"'llncJ "'u' ' hm th c 'enn 'g<nesi;" "'c;U" ',he
"''')" " f e<nu'g to l"'inS ou' of non.b.,.;.ng .... ". " 'eU ;" ,h", i1 '''go
g."U \I," .. ub.t~tltif>C'~tiO!,. IoWa,,,,,,,,,, of <"~,ion,J ".t"n',, '" It i, r"r"
thee "'Pled th'" 'he ac:" ...1 clYa, i",n i, ab<> "'I~",,, to ,ime. Thi. i.
wh), 'miud "'hi,,b i. "ill . "bj"" to <reat;"". aDd "" ~oC()\lnt "f thi.
it ;. al", .uhjec1 to time. canno' "'" G(~] a> it should"." Ti,,"c ;.
'>OTtlcthing' ,;" whkh i. cI"""l)" <OOTt"""] '0 '",a'eri,~ Lk' I't'j; tv{,4
~ooj;)." It i< nor d)C "~'nC ,bing to ", ... a~ "'f 'uo, ,,",en' (. 1> ~~ opii<76a,
;u"l ' i n,i>ib~" '" ,;.;pafQ',: 'not to be ..",n d""o "0' entail '0 be
i",;,;bl,', Lu, 'to be ;",,;';hle (lot, e""il '0 he ,~" ICe ,, ', 'f"" ,hert
ar~ ,uany hodi., which Ort not ""en, aJthough 1h~)' "'" ,-;,ih'" ei1 h"r
hcca""" ,hq' art (ovtrtd, ,.. i, w"rt, or b""au>e we art not in the
pi""" "h,"" ,10<,., ~'.:. In ""fen'nce '0 'j"';5iLk". ","'0 rational crea-
turc, "'hich ."" in th. '''I'",m~ wade, of lif., a", tI'" ahl" W >eo
(;",1, U(~ ' " hco""", of 'heir di hiJ"r. hUl hee."", of G,~l", iocor"
l",rtaJi ly, "
'1'1,,' dOiS<" ,da' ion bcl " -e"" 1he "lti""""e of, 0'" a "d th, exist,",:.
of 1to< " -orld i. 1",,;,i,,"l), ~ff<n,,<,t : 'time C~J\n'" J~' f""",1" "he" 11",
'Ihim and fO~l1h c01"'Q)1i,,,,, of tbe s.", of God 'd i,1 I"" ex;>1 at
all'," It i. 'Iifc' "h ich ;, ",!'<",tcd "" 'hc 'third' coocrl'ti"" of the
Son of (;",1, 'life" ;. i. abo ()"e of tlt t <onc<fJ';oWl of the So" "hkb
,I<> "'" l'crt:,i.n 10 CI"i" luoo..,lt: bu, 0<\1) '10 0,1,,,.,; o~x "utiP <iUi<
i-ti~'.I." Thi, m~.,,, ,I"'t ,ime is a"",-~.,cd wilh "",aw1'<;I, life.
"hieh i",'OI\-." d ist;tlC1 ion'. d i, ....,,;tic"'tiQn a"d Wf1'<'",.li,y'.
n",,,fo['<' . 11", F.!(\ical <r,"I>C~ ",l< nt'. of God with ""1""" '0 the
world;' I"'''''''P:.! iu " ,,,ofold way" i""h in 'en'" of """. maiu!y
e~I'''''''''''1 i " "n"" of cO'1"''''';Wtyi ""d lu.v. Th~ P'",tUCl of ' he
.. ft_\!",- 3_
~ >111'<. 12.
"j-,..., XIII,
" I~.
" IOW. 'I'll< .,,,,,,,,", of J. ClIt " '" 1"" " .... 'bef,",' lh< "",,,!tI ,,,.000 b"
".. ti,..I<" 0,"' ~ ~roo ... , >, 1. Cbi. f",'"" ,. IN R., ~." .. "" 71w1<c> !f
Orp. I )".~-Unim....,.. 1'l6~. F- 27T, '" h;,.tM1 '" OlmUfy Orig<D\ "'''''''1''''''
of , ..... to .-h .. O . Cullruono ho, <x",,! .. UiUIK..! '''''' J Iim<', Chffl< w..
onto lh< ,,,,,,a.. '" ."n_ c".,,,,,,:
to O.wn '-'I' doc<ri..., of ,,,,,,",, ef .' ot"
P. ni, n, 15.
M fiJ_ XIIi Cf. Ch. 3, pp. I JOtf.
" """IloIoo, Z, XJx.

" """'IlMo, 2, XI'Ir!

'"
ae,,",1 CJ~"l;'''' " <of " """";1)", awl by it> n.""",. a e<.>rp<>,,,al clli-
!encc. Apill. what came ,)ut of the e",a,ion of the "",rid;' of "0<:<>_
,i~', ;,,,d by "aW"', " 1""'1',,<:,1 bejllg. Thi.;, "I.)' Ong"" ""~.. ,h."
an)' l>eing. of any I".",k of life, i, a 'l cmpou",' ' ,"",,,,,'paw 0 ....
'c,..,n if. in " ga ...d of hi, p"1'1",,,br place. he i, " !le of ' he .up,,,,,,e
rallk. of life' IX&. .. oruT<pi"" ,0."," .~ tu.., """"al'" nm:ci'1l."
\\1.,,( I k w. th= .... d SO f.,. ;" the ...,1,,,;,,,, I""""",, r.o<l W",-Id
and Time. In ",krc'w,' to the rew''''" of Cod 10 lime, Coo ,""dj
caU~' """""'nd, lime. '\0 tcmpu,.1 not;"" ca" b<- applied 10 hi'" . 1
all. Referring to God hy meaD, of 1>.118 '"'8", it i. dcar ,hat ,,'p"".
";,,,,, 1<'JI,,,iall.,. ' -<Tbo) are Q prom iJ,.ccm-.'c a"d .imply COI".., ,, hOl,.I.
r;",1 j, also u,eo'l",,,,al, an,l ;, ;. solei)' It.: ,,'1,0 ;. ibCOT1"''''''1. Ufc
",-;tllo u, a 00<1)' j , "xci"",,, to God. Then- is no other ""r for ,I\<
t<'TIll lift 10 b,. "WIi1 'v inm'VOreal ""tu ...,, A. God i, 'imcl .... and
h~,,,,,, abwh"dr e~emp' from all lemporal no,ion>. no eUllC_'1't of
du""iou cau be nwlicd to rum , God '. being i; ]l(A all <\'Crb.ting
,Ium,;on, ",hidt ",..",.>atil)' impli.. bd"g iulo , in,e in " Uloo:le of
domin.';ng io. God i, ~b<,.... and ou(,jd~ tin,.,. H ~ s)",,,1d I", ,he"
cornp",he nd,,,J a> Ii\;ng in " reali,)' of ti",d.""., "<.>1 o ne of C\.~ ...
Ia>tiu/,\ dumt;"'n.
The ,,'orld is tbe o utcome of G(~l'. ,,;lL It ""me illto exi"enc<
'", he'" the I'all O<CL""" I ""d '"'''' ",ad< b)' th' L<ogo' aordiug 10
l'co\'id"nu,,1 cl"<:ario" of. -,,-;,dom' " b;ch is C,"","\"" ;" ,h.
lI"i,.-lom nam,,/; . the S.M\) of Goo:l and can", in'" \><'j"8 nu' of nun-
hCll g. God "'ille,1 to create out of a he"C'.'Ole"t ,Iea,;o" of hi. 0,,""
frttdo ,n aud I,,,'e. Cooc,i\;ng <or n od n, ere."l< i, quite <liJtt"'nl
from God Him",lf----ft reality whi"" ,,,,,, in a ""lie.) outol<ogical
priori,), (0 a") o,her cO!OC<1~io" of (;00:1. or at,) U,t...,~>gic"1 "0(;0"
em plo)<xI in order tn ' j",.k of H im ,
The world ;. in tl a,d~' ",,,,,,",,1 wi,h tim e in the ,,:rl>< tha, all
rank!! of mtioual ,,"atu,,", wbich arc u"dt.-.t ()(~1 to <ouopri.., ,lit
0"" .,,<.1 sj"gk' ,,"Ol"ld ..... ,,';lhu' ,im ... ""') ..... \<'0\\1)01""1. ..\S ,I'e"
i, nO bm" prior 10 c... aoo" . ,,, ;c~)" 'p,,,,lu' g i, mak"" "0 ","se to

'l)<ak of a bdim CTeat;o n. U,ing Ih" tern, I""..dr, ho,,-~,'cr. ;, ("dn
'"
be ",id ,]"" thon: ,.-a, "" wo,ld l><for1: c,'c ati"" , The ",..,,1<1 i. ",.te_
""I. ro " ,i ,,~d of ,natter of ,line""", q" ali,jr, . Tlci, ,.;,iIM f,rm",ncn(
is just ",w ,,( 11.... rljfji",", kin"" of c"'.'cd m~ll<-r.
T he noti",n <.>f 'he world impli~. of """..,i'l" th< exi>h:nce <ft ooth
torporcnJitr alld tirn~. '\Ill" "wl,1 apan fr"", corporealit ), ond ,in"
;, unthinbhk-. oi,hc. a; a ph;Jo.ropiliC'dl 1I01i 011 or " reality. [D
~n '. 'lIougl1l there ~ n" room tilr ~Jlj" 'incorporeal ",'orkl' 'l>e!bre'
"nw . Th .. [crm ';nco'1>O"'~1 .,,,,W' ~l~)Ii"d 10 'hi' (hough, i. s..Jr
<o"'mclielQT)", ;clfdefea'ing and hence .1",d . For ill<o'l"",,,,lity
txciudn any <:JW,.cncc of 'world" ",,,I ,"icc ,~",a. Sincc 'he ,,-orld
Ca",' ;"''' "";'1etJU: ou, of l1on.exj>1e,,<c. ,he", ;. nO room for any
"",jo" "r 'eternity of the world', in the ..,me that "")" kind "f world
m~) ha, ... "xj.,,~1 hefon- ~\i, 0",.';01' . S"..h a O\or;o" i. Ha~) ~ t>d
"nq".li~<-dlr n:joClcd_ O nly G.cl hi",..,lf w .. t",fvn:' er".li"n ~ nd
'~>1hiug ,..,., al~tn fro m him . T he world i. 'he r.dic.. lly .w of GOIi.
i"",.,.-"""
and ao" imo i, '" G,~I the
,-
>!ill God , u"rum ,h;" and
GOlf, 1'""""'~",I<."tcr ,,'i,h 'c'I>ee1 10 ,I,, world i, """",,)'~d ill

tcnM of Space Imai" l)' cxpr<>..w i" term' of <'Orporeali'j"1 and Time.
I h",'C th ". ,," di",,,,,,,d 'he rani"" b<","cc" God, World a lld l"ill1<.
WI"'''",er may ,ime be. we ahady know tlt a, O,ig"" hold. a It,,,iou
of "le'" I>orali ')'; ,,-~ ban, aew"ll), " ..,,,, IDr h''" I, of Iun"', exi ",-"'''''".
,hat ;", wl ... re lime doe. no' ,,'<in a "d "'h~", i, doe. c.i" . ' I' ,i, "'c.""
,h.t we h"'c ..... n the "otio ", of alCml><.>t'alil) and ,cmpO"'dli '~. a-,
,,-dl "" the rd"io" bc,.,,,,,o them . :\Ir n~xt '''1' 'h,,, ,;)\O"ld he '0
<,,",mill< w lt ~, Origen', ornolo!,'y of ,im< ;..

ULWrt:R SIX
T[\ iE !'ROPER
With refc,cnc< to (he Il cUcnK: l",r k~",() lI n( L i( i. ~ [',,,,ri(C j(CUcr.l.

[;..a(ioll (0 'pea k of Crd conc'p tioo of ti mc, a. if d,e", .,-,re ooly
onc "ic" of it iD thl' r;rttk "",Id. The f"'" ill. 00",-",,". ,hat tlo<n:
n.... 1'0",i,icf". IoI., 1,. 11 tI""" e""mi.... what ", .
Slitll t'" the G reek and (hc no nG reek >cuitl!: which ,.,.~ch C(1 Origcu
.. a background.
O f tht ""in: Gn,d. tr..ditiou. I shaH "' '';101)" oudioe th. Platonic.
Aru(o,..!;"" ,,,,,I Sw;" ,; ......~ of ';0'" '" onk' '0 1''''\>0'' ,hal d ,e
Swic '"O'~"I"i ...u "f ,ime ...., ~n ou(onom ... ", "ne. '1 II ilc imklk' ndo; ,,(
frum (h.t of ei,h,r 1' ",0', "r ,\';"0,100', . It ,..iU IK" rn,,,,"" ,h"t the
",.,ooing of the S,oic I'i ",,' of time ' priog> frum cuti", I)' <line", ,,,
PrNII;'"'' I i>ound up ,,';110 Ilor I'''';,e Slo;" philosophy ""d i"
,h,d)" I/'SfJj"'''' .. ~U). from. a nd ~ri"g> '0. ,h e co", of Ilci, panic"i,"
philo>Ol'h) .
I .h all argo' o th31 although tI,e,"" i, a cor",in ring of the Stoic
,;,,,. iD Orig<:o' , ontological cooeq"ion . he hinT>< lf pi""""",d " rod
ie,1 b,eak lhruogh ,,,,,,, ...1, a ",.,., cO"c~I" of t;me. 11", CIrtUli4n 0"'.
It goe. "" id,,,,,( , a)';ng ,I"'t th.'n " ... , ~ rich legaq from lhe dift;,n' '' '
C,,>, 'k schools of ,ho"l!h( con<cn,ing tirn~. T J""" ..,boofs n<,..,. ,,,,11)'
",,,,,,h<-\I an)" ""n of ag"-"",,,n'. no, ",,,n ,m 'h ~ nmd>.nT<n,,,1 prcmi...
of thi. (IUc"iol1, So tht: "..,. wa> uot ,imply "D<" of d,oo,ing. or ~
rIla(1" of ')nc"'tilrn. IIc",ing ib mind I... own IheoIogieal ootloo .
O rig<:ll 1o~,1 '" d,,~r 11.". field of ""m l" .nd 1.... ,,1<1<,.., so (h"t hi
"ecc.."", co ,,~1 w"l. frcd)" ~tld ,,';tho,,' hind ... n"" 0"'" O1l\ooth
I'lac......
T hc wtcrro"ncclio ,u b..',,-..,n 'h, Stoic <oDCep' of time ami lI,e
re.t of ' he "",cial eonc"l''' ..r ,hi. philo.,,!'hr IIiU I>e "~.minr(1 iD
du" cO "",,; fi,,,, 'h"ugh I ,ho"I,1 owHlle , he O1 h~r G,,:<!k 1'0'"''"1>-
' ion. fr ... m IIhich I p"'P',n ,h. t ,h" S,,,ic one ...... diJl',mn .

n e;pite erron""", daim. for the commr.,..' th(' (; rtek> (~d ""play
rim" .Iuog "itb ,p,*""... ~ f ... me fOl' Ih.. ir 'hough1 -form . Alre.dy
in the ....-c " ,h OO""'U1')' II.C., 11 <";,><:1 <..,ml",,,,,d ill 'h ~ fvnn of 1"-'<1'"
th < mr,h ,fl fl\'~ ,."". 'If ,>le,,: th< f"M. the gok!cn race. li\'Cd ill
the origill,,1 hl,""",1 agt" in "hid, ."nh of il>dfpruduced rich h,,_
"em ."d mell "'en: like god ... Thl< wO< foUoVl'e<:I I')' 'he ;ih..,. r.".
lb e" ,10" rOJ~"'r ''''''', to"", U," ",ce of h""-",,, .",1 tu,.II)" w< ;ro"
r""o ' Through such d Ill)..tic ~ ,,,I m)"'h"Ivgi.;~1 '","m. ",ing 11><
medium of allegoric '" m"'''photie imagt"I)', IWI.")" allc;"", Grlt.
p,m-i,kd ti,eir .ccou n" of ,It"
'l LJ O,'~)Il of tim~. ~.pn'",,,1 in lOrm.
"f prohl<I", "f beginning, bccoming, <ndUlirtg ond a'; "g.'
'n", 1'"",()C ,ic pi<il"""ph",--, al>o '"uch"d 1J1"''' the proble'lJ or
tinl<' ito ,ha! lIni'luc l>OClic philosol'hi,al ma " "cr ill "hieh 'h"~
"'l"".eJ ,hcir c"DCt"I"i"" of "'''~tl"' '\I\o.inlll,td<r,' A","xime n<>.'
Hemdj,u, or Eph""".. ' '\Il"-"~gor.u.' F.tlll",do<le'" deal ",i,h ~",b_
leUl' in whic h 'he 'I'J("ti'~l of tiTlle i, a C<1l,ntl one, c-,-dic dNlnJc_
';"", regeneration, infini,y "f ."cce,,;"e or co_exi', ing) ",,rlds,
"orld'I"'riods, ~nd ,h .. lik<-.
'n", 1';1hago",",,> m.,,~, ~ ",riot,> ."cml" to ,k~l ,,'i,h ,ho qn",-
tioll "f,i",e a. ,,,ch , S'owcu,' ad,I",,<> the ,<"imOll}" th", l'Lilol. ,,,
,hus "ith ,I>< b<1.~n.oi"gko,n,",," and cndl""neu of tbe ""i"e"" and
Ari,,()~e p",,;'1e. inlUrmati<on abo"t the ,;""~ of 'h(' I'ythiogure,,,.
Akn"'c-on, " .. ".-11 a. of ,I,.. I'ylhagurean ramn " "Il Ii.,,<:, "hid.
they ",,,,,idcr as inti" ile. n ",) p"i n, "u' ,I"" '1>.:[0"" ami '"f',,"
, h ),., k<" .....,,"<1 U... H~ ,I""",,,, cm":"',,' _ .. "' U"""",,' 00"

~t..", .. G..-H thoogi" """""'Td.,..... '11il, ~. ~ )'" ~-;,x~ ,,!0ID00
>mOOt< "''''''''''. An ,~ ~ th. 00....0 by T. 1Iom.". 11...... , "I",.,.. ~ ....
liiOl o:;...t, u, V, J. Moao. , 1".. >00, 1960; W- 1~3II,
, Cf It,><iot"" 11 , ~l.
, It"",.,. HooK.!, 'n .",,'!,,;., )1" .. ,"" t:P;o><",d.. , Acu..:J.u . Pb""Mk,.
ohe.""" n, ....
"" 1 _ , "I.
t-';';J...-m", ~""' ''.me ,1 pnonwn' ,of tLem. Cf. 11. 1>i<1t., iJrt
ro .. Rorlin. 191\ 31; ,\pp<ndi= I, n , III
, Cf DOd>, .". <ir" .\pp, U, 9.
IW~, 11: 3," 11,3, L 2.
i Oi</., 1<, ""1(1: K:H, 12. ,\l: "9, 11, 1\0(1; 12, ,\G; .\ 7: All. Cf, I.... , C.,.
Hl".lA,
Ihtlt., 1",.", 12; Ari>KotIe, /'10 ..... , ~!>Obl%.
1>i<1t., I'" '" FL 11. IS, er .\ ri~ , ~_ 25l033 .
~. f~"',I,'N

., An...,...,
..119-_
.\ti~_ 11""1'+_ 'l66a2i1r
n2b18; ,\I", ,r. '"'"f>lK iu ~ ,.-U"'.., .. "",...&0', 11;0<"",
1~', 8, 1~1, 1' .

Il~,k .,,,\So: <>nl)" ill time, wh~rea.
'"'
<wmity i. " ,;md"" p"'l"',ual
'n",,-' ,
I ~ a,o',,"el'" of I ; O'~ ha,-, ""joy,-d a ' ped:,] ;"'e ...... pe, bap'
1><".",,'of ' he my,hologi.cal .od 'hu . am his,lOu ' I,mn in "hich he
exprc.,.,d hi, ,;c.,,'., "" "',,11 a. be"",,,., of th e ,pecial "'1<:nlion ,I""
C hri"i,,, ,h cok.giam p.";<! to , hem. T o I'Ll,,,, time proper L' "'",c_
tbillg cOllti" " o"" aDd ,I" " hC}'oud (h< p,,,,ibili.y of COllccpt ll al
ddioiri<>u . To . peak "bow ""'''ItnI ;, but "n mtdl,",,1 .> 1"''''0;0'',
mo",en, ;" i~lf is 1101 ""wall), lime a .. ,1 do,,. nol ",all) "xi"," for.
if i, .,;.... d. ,imo ""o"ld "",,ume ,"";.; and ,I", CU' nCl" of j , WQuld
indude the p<"";hili'r of "'" ,,;,ho,," Ill otion .",1 c hallgo. Time ;,
no' a n aggregate of , ,,,tic n""~ : it ;, iu io .remll' rel",.d wit h <haug<
an,1 ,nOliou. There ca n b" no mo,i<on "i' loo" , 'ime. " Th", Iimt-
~("""&t are '" <10::>0<1)' c(HUl""<ed ,,,S',,,hor 'h~\ ~>.y C~ t\o>'" I.,
unde,-"",.d ind"l><nd~ntl )' f,o", .acb ",heT. Th" "''''''' tha, ,h~re
i, no tun< "-i, h",,, motj"u ~ nd ch. ugc. Sul"",!,,,,,,lr, ",hal>O'."M" i.
,e"'lK>ral i, .ubject l<) motion ~rt d chang<. Pl,110 ttjem 'he po ..;.
t,;h'~ of h,o".n comprd",,,,loo of no.;o,,,, sUeh '" begiJHling or ,"d
oFtim". " b"" (he bet ,I"" f:",i e"",,",ll;,,,, ' Cl'""" Ix: IUl ly ;;'-"'''1,,-,1:
O"~ ean hal'. onl) ,,,,S'ue Kk~ of such a "otion. " It i, ,ru,' ,h..,ugh
'hat he dofinitdy dia"'I~"'''''' "f th o oo"crp' of ,ime l>g 110",. ,,-;,10 <I,r eXC<l";oO of
I'b,,,. all lh~ philO>Ophcr> an; i" agr"em~n' tha' t i m~" unCl,, ",cd. "
lIu' ,h,' I~ .",n;e !' '' 'I>(JrI of ,h i, 'en'at;"n is onl)' lh,- d<~ lh~' ,i"'e
opP"ared .,,;th 'h~ ord~r .-l,ic.b ,,-a< >e'
o n ,he p,."..",uo;"g 'ongimd
n"'ttd , .'\l, " m,tter of fw, I~ oto, in tunc ,,;tb 'he g.Tt"'-~1 tr"di
lion of lu, ,la)" ......ie'Ol' ,he id,,,, of e ...... i"" 'M of tJocb;ng. Tici
,,,-\-,-"hdo". sho"ld Ik' rcg:.rd,d a> Q".."ion " ecdi "g ""mo fU<1)",.
'~""',';'}Jl . .in"" it ;" h< wh" .I.. " h<re .peal. of ' he COLOD,k.. agt"S
uflhe ra,f. " Ibid,,., he hoklo ,I"" I~j"g;" .f)TIO>,)"nlO'" "i,h Actioll.
,hot i. , true c:u"<ucc ;. ' )"Ioon),,,o,", ,,-i, b it> c,~~t i,'c ac'. Suh"," ce
" I"wo. _ ; 0 " . I!.OD_

" I"wo. /'.. . ";0,,. 1 ~ 1I]f, 1 _, :JI.l\lf.
" ""to, 1-". J'OO:
I"wo. T _ , :l>!8.
~ , ~, It)",.. ~ ; lbI 5 1f
, l'W" 1/' ';1ji\ .. 19\IC.

'"
i< .)"uonynlou. with Fuoc1ion. " God', pent"';"" al",-ap; compel, him
10 acl," ,,,,d h~ ca'''"" [00. cone,;,'<:d of bd,,!( i" tim..l" .. eterni'Y
,,;,hQu, cXCfCi,; ng h i, """,;,-. "hili"" So it i, he)nnd h Lun an """"
pr"hen, i,.., ~hilit)' ,,, gr"-'p "'ha, Coo did "'flu I", "na<l th e "tI'
"~"",-if . Llch a no,ioll co"ld make allr "'0>< at all . lk';<I",. it i.
" Ot clea, wl..tha " 1.010 be ld " t"mpor..J bt-ginning of the "'mkl.lO
h is lrUe IIIough ",a' he ,le,,"ra'ed I'a .... s" of -n"""""
\\' 1.. " 00<1 the F" h and <,.."Ot "'~- ,be 'n"",,,, _. _'he <".,1
;H"%,, 11< ....joi-d ... ,,,'" (l,,'mluncd IQ ,,"'k cO'P)" . ~~< ,he
ori@=i . .. 1:\". t~ 1,."",,- .10< .. " ih., <A the e"",. r in it> 1iJ1JJ1C ..
upoo. C,.O,,,"f< "'" impo"; l>lo. 11'1><",1Or< ho """k"l '0
ha'" a In""
;' kg un.g< of .. <",;!~ t!<4 oS< I~ "..,..,; <1"'1'"' ,,.,, "I""'; .O!ijoa"
,u~ 1 ,,"en I>< "'. ;n ",.,....,. ,I.. h''',-en.., he ",,,,le ,hi, 'nul!" "<m;U
bu, nlO"ng O<"oor<i ull! 00 ",umb<"r ,~ .. ~p,e".:.... M<I"," ~""'" "'" """"0\
,... h .... <terni')' 'b<1f """ in '''Ut). ,1.)(1 <hi, imag< "< ,'aU 0""'." ...
... Tomc. 1b<14 ,,)(1 ,be ho.",n, cam< ,mo be",~ al [be ,'''TIC "'~"\I
U, o"ler tha,_ I"";"g b...." e",",,,1 logo"),,,r. if ~~ ' ''' ,,'" ",',"," ' 0 I~ '
d; ... ~"ti"" of ,toe,n , ,h,.)' migh' be ,~'.(lkrd 'c.g<d".,. 'rh;, I"' , ,;n><1
,.... , fc.oood aI'cr ~'" 1""=' of ,toe """"..I ".tu",. '" "Rh 'hat i,
migll1 ",,,,,,,ble ,bi> " lUu,h ~ ' p"",illk ,,,,I<,~ .<tp<\o. 'TIl<t ,~;
&~,_i", .... '00;;, i.' '" o,..o""~,,,", ~"'io ,,,,.I
~,.~" ,,. ~" ~,or 'h,'
1'".
"'''' <.ci, r,."n, "I<rn;,)' '" ~h ""~ Oio .,,""1>t'TI!~ .0..... ,,;~'6 /",0> ,_
"'h,,.... ,Ite c"'~,.<ltoe ,," '" h., beeo. ~. ",,1 ,,;U be.;n >.11 ,im., Soxh
"'l" the m"od al>d Ooough , of (;",1 "'I><,, I>< =_,1 wno."
~ I"""". s.,Mo .... 2111): ~Iac.

" 1'1.." 1 ....... , 19<11
.. Si .." I'\oro', ,ie- in T _ "'" """,h,,,1 in An ....v'aJ fvnn , it ~ .. ~ ""_
pri~"!I ,J.... "'~n hi> """"" .b;plo:. di>.>gr """ ...d) (101):, in oheU """""'"
.000, "'" rtal _~ of T-... er. Ariw>!le, Ot IAtIo 200a211, :100\0 16; ~.
2, 1011 , .,~o;<t.i,~ IU11b3 1: IOIlWl, r~ ,1. _ 1061>2M. \ri.wd. <loa"), >0'
m"" .... ,;.,.." r" a-._" c.m.,o'-.
in 3<'9013, 0" ,hi. 'I"<"'.,,he,,,
~ f V"<
""', "fe"."" in S'mplidu C ~_;.,!~ J ~ \AA. 15: '''9. G, '''9.
9: .\Ie,>.ande, of Ar>h"-<li>ia~ c..-........ M"",I f'It>_ 1181a2 / : "" "",h. / ..
.1...... fu""""-,, 1 ' - Ill, I: IV. I; John I~ ,""""," ,,~ J), ."....' _ AI.....( VI.
1:1; VI. 21, VI. 21, I '. 1~1.
" 1'1"0, 7 ........ 18
~ 1'1'10, 1 ......., ';CIl:
n 1'1"". T _ . 38B; ,\rioI",1o m..",j I'bro ~~ I.. ,,,,,, t""'g, ' u... 'll!'" ",.,
''''>t.!oer """""'. 1'/oJw.. Z\ lbl6lf.

IU3
A';"otlc '...-:a,.-:d tb., pr"bkm of ,ime r"cing a I'A,\ "",~n, of 'I u~."
,ion, wh ich arc rcLul 1() i,." A, ' he onlX' he ;ta,C' ' hm ,illle could
no, I", " i ,lto"l change or motion.'" l",cau,,", i, ;. "'~) 'hroug b ' he
ditlC",,, "age. of lllotiOl' or cbange ""hin our mind an; d,., ",.
abl" to conc.-: i" e of ,ime.'" Although 'fa ... - a lld 'w,," art' ddi,, 1 by
,illle. ,iUle ~roper i omething co",,,,,.. bcc~lI'" ,illlC i. lIot defined
by ,illle." Il enc<. althollgh ,illle i. "'III<thing ",I.ted '0 111O,iou or
change." i, ~ ;"" Ir ""","'hing fll",bmcmaUy diner"TU fru", ,""';00
and cha,'<i" prop"r:
0 ....1)- m, i, I"' time] i, not """;OU ... 11", nci.l><r tilne exi,,, ~ ; tI ,"
0"' cb,,\'!<' .. , . It i, '~ ''''n'. Lbon. Lb" I,m,' " o<i~,." mo<io.on uor i.
" i,wkl""tl<l<,,, r"~,, ''''''lOll.''
T h". time i, a ",,,n!>eT or m~" L"e of m(~i()n (~".."""'" <iPtO~.x;I"

... "'<11 as 11" DUlll bcr (ap,9po. of Illot;ou ,, itlt rc'l>co, t" our ,Ii. "
,ioe,;"" 1><,,,.,,,,"
the 'before' and ' he afoe"'." ,\, 'eH1)~hing ,hat
",,,,-eo i, ;D 'ime"'" "nd i, i, ,illle which mart.. mo,io,,-" ',i n'" ;.
"h'" i, co",,,cd ~nd nOt ,ha' "lID "I>it'b ,,'e cou"" '" H e"," 10
Ari,t"dc tilll< i, " " uml><r_ To I>< 'in 'ime', ,h"",fvn;, m<a ,,, ,,, Ix
C<~lI ltC(l or Ill c"''' .-c<l by time." T im< in it".. !f;' c"",, iDlI"'" .i nce
",\riwxl.-. f'i~4. bl I\". cm. 10 14 r 217h~ - 22"16 .

, ~. ZI8b1~, Ari~OOr~" "itidwJl(.-"~ "'''mp< '" ,,-I.,, ."'" '" """"'"
b)-' ;;." ,,, 0( I..,mp,""", "",.-..&.1 u", 'Ph)"",,,' It, dUe""", ohio qutioo ..
hi> ~..,n , ntitkd rI<pf X.,.s.- and ~ I ~ " hi> ri,,,,'
K" ....... ~hi<h .,.. 1>.""
kw.<, cr. IJ;os< ..... I..,,.,;., v . 5911; Simpl;,,-i... . <T<,~ . IQ; rr,~ lu , h !'I.o ... ~
r _ c - . . ; " ~"Dl: H, ~'" obo <riU<ill" and 1'\nIi"", 1 _. 111.18",.
" '1!>"'" 2U'Jb~ n~'bXllf, 2l5,I 1.
" I ~. 2'Hbllff.
" """, Wh lft', Z18ll1:11f, 2:l6b211. :Ml.I1, Zllbll, 211lb:l .
" ,~ 219> 111", "0., " ",';" 01;" "'."., .. 01;" &. ", " .-IIot__ 0 ~ I<>ti.
....,,.;w. It ;, "'id<m, 'hm. 01 ... time ~ "".h.-,motion ..... ;, it inol<pe ........ f~ ..
..,...",\. ~_ 2181.><'<, ' 0. , .... "'i"V< .... "''' . ,""" ........ poW. o<.d) th.-n
i< 1"'- <imP1 .. ""'....,.."" "''''', 2181l~4, '~U6."1!< oM ' ~" ....... ,,1\0;"'; ~"'
odd .. , ,.... ,in", "lM ~i mo., <h.ng<).
~ '1!>"'" ~2jbll; n l .1; ~'jb j O .
" ,~ ~W . 1 3 l-I, 221 b 12-14. I" 1.AtIt. 2'''''1 ' .
H 1'1\1"'" 22'11>1 1: 2J:.?bl1: 2:l6b20: 2:l'h:rotr: ~H. 1 5 .
~ 11!>"'" ~ I .-
~ ,.""..., 21\Jb~ ~l!>; 22 1". 221~): 2:!lbll: 22 1021: 22 1 l> ~,
,.""..., 22h:lff: "To be in "'.. """''''' I(.- rootiou. du, both ... ,od It> " ... ,,'
." ",. ..our<! by ""","_ 1'.1)""'- nl...r, - ]"0 1.. ;" rim.- <nan .,." 0(",,, thmg,.
I. To ,.,;" ~"'D Iimo";"'; 2. .. ..,. .. ~ or ""'" thing> ,ha< , h.-y or< 'in num _
"", ..... ,h., ,hi,,,,, ","". """ob<,11~ .. h~h.", ."'~" r.","",........ ,

'"
th i, i. all "",.;b," of ",'hal i. <v",in""",. namdy, 'he " umb"r <.>f
",ooon ," ,hi. ;, :t . iogle , i"fmi,e " "d ""if
011" coll,um"m'." Tun<
;, ",,(,..,~ \ <-d ~"d il ;, ;,,/i,ule in ""'1""" of both ;IS , ij>;,;i,W1)' and
;" ex',..'",;,;,,,," Thu, ;, h .. ~ unif"rmj,) of ""to",,
"",I co",;n"".
th rough ,0> e.. , ire d"mlio " inruic'>ably "ncl "itho", mOOi6.:.,;O"", "
;, i, :tl ,,")~ "ha, it ill, it i, ,lOt '" ';n" a",1 ;, i. 1Iot coDtain"d ily
ti lUc, or mc,,-,,",o,1 by ,im<. or aJIi:c1cd by ,imc ," Time i, 'he ",-cr_
las.ing d " r~,ion ;""If. R<g:,rdj,'l( the "",<>log)" of,;mc. i, i, 1~"iJ\ ,h",
i\ri<1O~" nW" CS from "" tf1imm.~a1 ",.mi" (we 1IIIIi<, rim .. , ,,-he"
and (n~r ,,-he n ",e "<)1;"', cllang< to "" ",,~.I a_I",Wo (,ime ,10<"
"01 ";'/ ";,h",,, chang<:. The c<J,"1tioll of """,her ,,;111 mea."", in
A'i",,!lc', .;,,,. ..si"".
Ih" definj,ion octu"Uy """" '" "'gges< ,lI ;" if
no oDe ex"," to ,1o ,h.
w \ul1i,,!;, ,h.", i. nOl an)1hj"l; eo ,,","bl<c.
Th;, oI.o~q"c re!;''' '''Ct" 10 ,im~ as a ""'as" ", ",,,,h~,h, .. ,I,, ,,""SO' ,,,
which ,ime i, nu mber.
Of 11,e i"ulloo<U.'e di;cil'ics of 1'1.,,, it w", unl)" Ih..,ti,e ,,, of
I'.rimhu. lof 'he ;o..eaU..1 old ,\c.ld"")"1 "ho fuU)" abide<1 b)' hi,
mas,..,", .ll..gorical defL,,;,ioo of ,;m,. H, a\"t ... ,I"" "time i, ~w
COl,,.,. of ,h,' h~a'""t~) bodH.:; u' lli.;r rel",ioll 10 O"e " 'OI b,r"."
St"""il1''''' "" the o<.her h:.nd...em. to f"U"", Ari,,,,,Ie, "" 11~ detl"""
time '"the 'I,,,,,,,i,y with in moti,,,, '" i:v . ,..it<>...,.,.;,.." In tb,
,"",,. ,''';tt. Xcnoc,",,<, ,ic611C' ti",. "' ",h. ",,,,,,,,,,, of ",h", I,..
b""" err.,",i as " -ell ",, n 'crl'lSliog mouo,," ~hpo:w , ... Y'w~,iiw oroi
~i,' ""w ,Hato.,," whOch on.i""';t,, d,c l'L.tvnic dd!ni,;,,,, of limc .,
....;"". and ;, "loo in ~nc "'i,h th e Mi.totd;"" vie'" "f tirn,' ~. num&tt-.
Ull<OO'S"obk- . ~ G<.J. "'" _ ... ""h. 'in "m". tOr obey .... 00< ,out.inn!
by t>m<. """;, ""'" b<~.K ,.we... ,
""",",..,J by ...., 2~1b2 ' , 'ID<) ..,. """
-oll>:tod ~' _ , ~!Dc ll .~ ""', U,,) .'" 00< IQ <im<" nit.:; ~ , I ", ",!ito,
2llt,Ib, 2"llbll. It,,,,,, An,,,,,,,
tmtingu;.he> tIw infuDl< "'~tla""'" <Iut3_ front
<"mioy """'" ",hio;o i , a '\>:;">1 .t. ~"< ,imo:'_
~ 11;7_ 2~~1H: cr,
~ 1 "l(1fI; ~1"lf1'( 'll."1f
"cr. ,\ri,todt, , _ "" oh< infinite oi'....:bilit), ofaj 1"lDti';c~ i<><lu<tin,t...,.,:
a,,,, . 227. I(If. nl.~lff: 2l2a2l1f, ~3~ 1 5: 233bl'1!f; 21"'0I~ n ,.w. 23:.02,;
2j7. , (); n7b1l, /)0 " - , - , , Coo. ," .... 317.'1!f; /" c..Io. :IOI>b2~,
~ ~_ 2Jl.l aff, cr. 2lJ.>2~ ,
~ 0. (.0,/0, 2;~21r.
~ ill}"'" nlb31f
" So"-"'. & . . ],251); aIx.., If"",i.aeu, or P,rin,hu,. er. 110......"" I...,,,,,,,.
UI. ",
~ Plu_h. Qw";"'" 1_ _. \'111. I , 3_ In thi, drliru ..... , """~"":. ;' ,.." , ,,",,,,
.,"' ",hnhn timr;, "" 'nurno... ,/,mOOon '" "" ",.... u,, ~'''''h;''' """",",,,
~ ~, !::&!pt. I. 20(1,

0" ,h.- ""h~c hand, the fono,,-~r; of A,;,I01 Ic, the I'uip""";"" did
'"'
.hide by their ",,,,,d,
dcfu\;h,n of time," f"CTh.~I" 1"",,\,,,., thi. w","
"01 allegorical ;,,,,1 ..." .. "'0'" (""C""~. Iksid",. it h:~1 a orien"tic
c)"',....C(cr 'M ,,,,.e'1" ;bLc to "",d, co''''''''O''') ~"<l , ..riega'cd in",,_
p",tal;on. a. haj)I><",:d ";111 1'1.. '0" \;c,,. '1'1"" "11",,,,,11,,,,,,,, d<fel ~l>
(he noU"n of. UT';"""" ,,;tilOlll i><guming 01 cm!. "-,,d lintil'" ,i"".,
were c'I~)lCtlll)" ,""donm. of Rhodt-> 'Uld Ilicacarchu> of ~ I MW1 .
h ,,'a. SIt"'O of Lar"~".,,,,, ... ho e~pou "ded 11 ;" Ow n \'i",," of ,ime
U) ~n aJ "'" "".,;..,. ,-h.lkngiug 11," :\rislO"I"',, dct,,,h,,," of ,i",,,
in tcnn. of " umbo" or motion a, unw iofuc<ol"i' and I"""ibly <IT.,"
IlCOO . H e dd'n ". time,... "the 'I " ",,,it)" ill a U actiou' IN iv m,,, "pa.
~L . """,, " and ,h . qu,.",;.)' of "'''I)"t lung ,ha, ;, iu m",;oo ~ "d
al le'" 1' 0 tv "VIi"" "", oiP4!il' .,.,Ov" ."d IJit pov ~,vi)<ft"" "at
~."..il;\." Th" notio" of ,m i. pan ic,,!.,.I) h"~rcW"g, ,""er i, "'" OD
th" dc" 1'I,,,i,, u, grnu",lcd hi, argument.; again., ,10 .. c"nl\~ct; v" ..,f
tim~ wi,h mv, j"lL "
,\, regard, ,Ioe Epio",,, .n aaj1Ude. I >hall onl)" bridl)' ".,e dIm
,I,,) ),,,.,.,,11) ~,,,.., hrlh,encrd b) ch.: Ari,wtdi,,, .-;.,,, . 'fh,) ...,...,dt-d
,ime "" a ")""'l~o<o ...... om J',,')'iog "'U'!:' ill ",,,,io,,' (""...~t"'j.I<l tWf()
a' ",It, ""r>~~" ~tvioo""'"\" n.md)" . COl\comi ,~ " , ,,f m,~iot,.
Ilo,",'<"\"Cr, ill .-ic,,' of O ri)[<"n', ,U"lai " for ol,c Epicure"" though,.
there i, no o",d to I'ut><,e tlt i' i .. ne ao)" funh ...
I ,\01,' corn" to ,h e Stok <:OIIco1" of ti,"e. ,'\ a:ording to d," Stoics.
time" in 0',.' ..... ll ""len,,,," (6"i.,.",~" , . ' Ill " <kfulitiu" ha, '-'1o)"<d
M Simp\O;",,- c ,'_" .. ~ 1'I!:r'~" :>0:",.-<"""10:...

Ill. 5If. <he ,,01
"",on',,!! of Ari,,,,,<llon
h rl)' """' ..
*_'"
,u-...<'1t Mi<h
<"pm
urn<"of
'0 <he
e><mpt
no! wnmA".,,'
""'ani"' ..... di.tin<OO.,
1
&.;.m ~u
<J<. linI: """~'O<n
"","IM-< ond m<"""",,- Cf G"'l"'l llot"" -C,....x.n in u.. 1 ..... " I. ;,. "'_'" .
.. R.E. AlIen ed.','-"';' 1'10 .. , ,11,.;_ 1 _ 1'l6S, p . OIl: aloo "TI",
W- 91 113. "'1'. l00.J. I\... mkt, GM. r_ -' """"

,t. . .
,.:>tdt~y~.oooo iD u.. 7 ...... , ''''I",,'re<l oro." CImt,I Qo>o''''i1, 19l9. iMoI.. pp.
_ , 6. JoJi' A"n" M"",",. 1>_1><, ....., Ti ...--, /'1111 Qo>o...-p.. 2~. 19):;,
T .. s..<;,~ ,~ o.w. ....
'''1'1'. ,,>I. 2l, p . 2~, n. 5 . .1. ~l_. ", U:.,.-. "j, ""'f' ..... ,,';'_. I'.odu., 1\16,),
W- 125, 1:I'.J 30 ,\I",. All. ,Ift",~, ,""te M -"'- ;., "'" J.od, nlio""" ~
.11.... , 1%1 ",", "" P H. \I""u...-d F.M. Oomroru Loeb """"'-'00n of 1'I!:r""'-
2191>1 ~, C.mbridg< .It.... .. 1961.
" SU,~ ;",,~, <it.. 789. ~ t .
~ S"",.."" lit I, :WO
&xtuo t:mpm.ru.. 1'",' .. Ill. Ill,...."" ,11,_-;" X. 2'18; X. 111.
~ S. y..f;.,.o,. 111 .1.8.
.. s.-~ , ~ IY ' . Z~2.

littk "'OII,ion 3nd """" pro~,bl)' i, h" I"", n i nad~q " .. cl)" wm!,,"-
hcnded. Some ..,h""' ... >cc'" to I", 'Ulccnain .. to wbcthCT 'he StO",
, I ~fi"i, i o" ,100\,1.1 Ix- rt'g",,d<:d'I' "~a...,r to ,ha, of ei\her 11"",, or
Ari""tI,,,. Ica"i"g thi' ambigui'~ ,mnsol,,d.;o 0" th. olher h""d.

i , ;. 01,1)' aflOr a .ho" <on>.ilk"",ion ,h.>l A. C hro"" <oncl"cIe. ,h",
th e Sloi" ddinit;oll of time Wa> b ,ll an ec ho or the Ari'lotdi"" OI.lc."
! will ' (h.t (he Il,,,,, ~, w,dn>tan<iins (he S.o;" clef,uiti( ~ , lin ill
,h . f"il"", to gr"", (he crud"l, imi<-ed o"'ologic.,I .igrtif",attce or
the !><>lio" of "'~'''''' a, r ,hall ,ij,",,,,,p"""'"i)" h' ",fen 'nce '0 ,he
earli",t of (h" Sloic ''''';0''''''. 1'.""0" delln ilion ;" ,,-~,anl in por-
t; Ol' ,(",ing (ha' ""of (he S(oic.. Zeno [ ",)~' ] ,bat ti",e ;. in ~'C ll cral
,h. "",en.wn of " " ~. ",otion" 060110; " ON1o<; "";,0..,,, a'("'TI1)I(C."
wbile ""ot her 'me ,ead. 11",,:
A,~I Zel>o ....id ""', time;' ." <Xlen' .... ' "f "k>Iiu<o (""i!<J'''' ~"""~~"
."d ,10" <oi"'tIOII or r"""eo .,. 1 """.,..... ,\oul ;, " in ,ime " i f0
"M~' 'h"' "''''''u o<cur .,,01 ",~,.,.'hi'og ,h., I"""",,,,. ~",I ",I ,,,.i,,S'
'",,"
T" CIor,-.ipp,,' time;' 'he 'utell ' ;"" of We 1110,i"" of 'he ,,otld ...
Altbou!;l' ,b., .,..""" '" I", a mo," 'I'"c;lic ,1"("01;01' roml~"...-d to
th .. of Z","," "n 11 0 ""ro'''" <o<!Id (h i, " ,Id il""lf to ,he "-'''''rlio''
th .. it in' "~l,,ccs "0 "''''!Ilia! ",,~liflC"tioll of Z.-nos ,;< .... ', For hi.
orig;,",! "" "<'-1>1i"" of t;,,,e a' e."e,,,;",, remaim unc h""!l"dble anti
,,\h. , k"nlel ofCl")~;pp,,, ""1'C,P';"". lOO. H... idt-o. ,t...,<" ;, ", Ieas (
onC P="gr" "Ile,," Chr,s~l'u' vi.,, i, ci ted ill ,Ii'\illoc';on. or ,,' a"
" ~plan~lo'-i 0''''' (0 11"" of 7." "0'"
And Cl,'}',q'P'''' 1,.,'.1 ,Ic<, nm< i, 'he exIOl";"" of ",otio" ("" i!<J, ...
o1l\"'O)JJa .od du, i, ""by il ;. "-'Dl<tin,,,, .aid Iu b< ,he m< "", or
r""u",,,, 0< 010",,,,,,,, ,>' [,;,....] ;, ~~ . <.'Ie'".'''
,,h;"l, dO"'I), allo,xb
,h~ ,noli"" of 'he ,.-o<lod """ [il i< .. i,1 tha(] i ( ;" in b",e ,10., ""'') _
,hin~ ;, n''''-;''g .. ",,11 .. !";ng'
.. J_\1. Ri.o. s..;, 1"1 R(''J. C."n~ , 1969: ",. 271 I.

" ,\. Ch .... ," .'['ho: """~ of no" in ,I>< ""';.", ~ "Iid-. 11.. I .. S--...... ...
"Xl \911\ P. i2.
~ S I"P, 1, lIi. 1 \ I ~:..,. Sirn f'bc;"'" .. Col, OO;!.
~ SIJ', I, ~, 11 15; ap. Swb.<,." f:d. I .B.
M o,a~,,".a ""'"""' .".".,."'" Srf: 11. 161, Ilff.
",<"tl
,\<, .,... to, J It;",., 6/,. I"~ 2,l1li:
~ ,I. Wf>O.'~ ~''''" ~ <60""" . "-<" >l"P. 11. 16-1. 1~-18. 1"tU.
;, ......... "PP>I<.d.<w 0Min<. ""'" """ 'Tim,;" ,I>< .-'-'''' .... or "" motiooo or ""
" ',M" .".;v,;.;~' iol",le I,i",,, i, the TIle .. " ", or ",,,"beT of ",,,,i.'m',
bul ;, ;. nQI iml'o.. ibl ~ th~1 Ihe 'pin, of (1,;' dcfiw,ioh be "'ort
t'eJ.,cd 10 , ho, of l~alO (1im, is Ih,' mo',;,,!! imag<o "f ,,en';,) ).', I
,10 ' '>I _ , Iw"-",',,,. ,,-hy ' he Stoic <lofi,, ;,;o n ,hooJld b)' 311 mc",..
be "'~tc, 1 with e;, her 'he 1130"uit or the ,\rolOlCl,,,,, .,,,,,, Wh",
I thill l ;" ,h., ZeTl"" co n cCJ~i()n i. deady a thir<l ,;C\>', ~t jc.d>l iu
,10;" """"CI: the I~a,ohie ;. \l tl<loub,~dl )' a me,"ph)~k;~ ;\0 ","U a' a
'ht'UlogiC'~ j ooll,"poon, ,,-hil" tl'" ,\riOlowban i, a ... k",;fi< ."d m~,h
c,",,,kal 0" . To 1""10 th"ugh 'ime i, nci,h<c oom<thing "",,,d tQ
(he 11c.,-"",i or 1<, Ulc"pby. ic. in allY 1'C'l>cct for he wo> a ma'eri
a1;", S.,,;,,), nor;" it an ib,dk",,",,1 ,,,,,,hcm3,iml pero:ptiob, namely.
a nurul><:r or 1ne",ur<c, Ti",,, may he 'oM a ",i,,,riM of (;"10"'" " nd
.,)o"n"",'; 1"" in 'he f;"" pl~ct (\ha' is, "" ~.., g1<>u ,K!s of lJfllOU>gr
'he e".,""" ~f 'ime I''''P''c io I.... "'~ .."fl '" ,xilfltM<_
']l"" time i, a"""u,t-o<l with a """",,1 r<:~ lity 'h," i. , , ,,,,ti(~\\ ~ "d
" rrgard"d in i1><:lf,," a ",,,,,('1
",ali,)". ' 00: ~ 00" of ex'e"'~m whicb
is i"di'l",n",h],' fo< motion 10 ,,,ke 1'1""" aod \0 "'ak. ' ..os<. Tu".
" " e ilkr "" iIM{}r of" "'<"'1'10),:;;0>.1 "". lif), '\0< is i1 " ,,, ,,d,",, 'alic,d
CO)I"''1't'o'', ",tl"c1)" _1>6 ,,.. '""".,,_ 'ri"", is a ",Tt <of natura] ..-_....
to i. true tlmt Ari"otie .. atc. I'<ri(~l. of time '" 'c xte",i",,-,
la ,a"t~~"tl> . Tbe'" ."'. bown-er. <en"';" . uJ>l,,,,,,ial dillt"",C"':
A,;,,(oue "e,'"r "Uo,,-,-.J for a"'''t~~D (0 po",',,~ 11,.. ",OIologkal ide" -
'i,) of timc p"'pcc. T a b< Ih~ numw. of """i..,,, is ,"'e ,hinl(, 00' to
1><. th <,,"",wo of it is qui", ~t\()lh<r. 11,' ~"xI ,f;< "'nn a,,,o ,~~a i"
,I... "''' ')~L')' "" ". of .()me' h;,'g ,,-1, ich jo i"" t,,o I~'; " IS. In ,h;" .rI,,".
5,6."nwa ,"ay h.,c an eit hcr tcmpo.-al or '1mti:ol impon. HUI 0" no
aerounl d."., dU. co""i,,,,,, a d"f"oiooh of li,,,,, 1>"'1'<'<. In fac'
,\"",..,ole "e"" look a"k"~~" '0 i"dical< timc I'''-'pc<, "" Zc"" ~ "d
CI"'i";I'I~" did . For he hdd a (~fl~",,, ,;""" of lh. c-"" "ce of ,im.
pn St . ,\ri"01k. '" "'.011 a, 1'1>.''', cuuld, lik" "'-';'}'body d",. u'" ' he
C"'''lllOnl'J..ce of a,,,,, ,~~a '~l\!,.,."titog paID. or period" of time. Bu,
lhey ne" " sugges<ed 11"" .ime i/Stlli' "" e~,"",ion. It ,,',," o,~) ,h.
Sloics ,, 110 ',-"plie;,]) ,kf"wd 8,,.,,,'IJ'''
as in<tieati"g .im" I'''-'P'"r omo-
Iogic~II)". n O., portrayal of lime 3$ /j"j""q~" ;, " '''''''')" .. hal """""8
;""".. i, for 1~.IO ,,,<1 "","brr or """''''' i. K>r Ari"otle .
qo. "'-, 1'1'. 273 , . R,,,, ..).....y..... "" ,h,,'" i, not w ..... '" ~_ d.-tinirion
"""old Z<oo', 00< b< cot<~ .. ,,.,,,, (_~. _ocd.

' I h. 1'\."',)11;0 rkfin i';",n of 'im o i, grounded "" a n",damcn'al
p .... TniIC, which i> tbe no,jon <>f lfan1Cnu/",,,, Wh,~'c\l:c the in,crpce_
,a,;on of 'f"'''''''' a' ,bi, poin' '''''I' be, ,Ion" i, one f~cl ", bid, can-
nOl bo di,'p,,'~d: ' he m~in poin' " hid> f'lato " 'i,l,,o<l to ","k,' in hi,
defo,;,;",,, i, Ihe ,,,,,,ran!! of 'im~ 1", ~,cmi'y {I. wpm: ..... "" o~o,~ra c<>;
,"i,q, ."'' ''' 5i,,"n~ .. ~ 1. Tbi . in the I;"a l .",d)-.i., implio. ' he """"
"'!'la of 'h e """1)(",1 to 'he e'ern~1. th o ,Icp<lldenee of the im,,!!<
10 d,e areh"l1'e. It ;, trlle th'" l1a, o', ,.je,," on 'he 'I"",,;on of the
hegi!",ing of ,1>0: .m;",,. an' '''';:''0: and , nrro.m,kd b) " ~nrorouS
eOlltr<>\"'",,,,. lIul th i. i, .., o>nl)" I><L~"''': he dircc,~d hi> ,",.in altcn_
ti o" "0' '0 tlK- problem of hogi ,mi"s. hu, '0 the I~)i ," th., ,10< eo>_
,nos;" origin.'led ",ut 'kV<-"'l'h>l on an al>'OlUle and "'I""b'< _5I"mdmi
"''''t. Thi. i. ,be main notion c.p~>"'I 'hrough 'he aJItgoricaJ ""''''
",en" j" 'I;""""" If ,,>OW co,\U'~,IjCljO"-' C~n bo.: 1"';,,,,'<1 onl io ,b<,
,'a""""n" e,,,,,,oming Ih~ ROtio.> " of 'lxgi"nj"g','" ,hc)" .'" duo to
11ato'> prime <oneem with the n"tio" of dcpc" d<1lCe of the world
on .n '"p.... ,,''' ;d""lute tfan><entie!lt ca"",- whkh Id; thc no,ion
of beg'!l"iog in 'lm..u...
a. ~ ... co"d-clas. p,.d,h l1l .
This loarkgrolllKl alld "",.."li:r'g .... ,. "be" '" Ihe Smic ~\oug b l.
".I",,.e the "<.o,i"n "f ,r.n",etld"",c m~kc. "" ,,,cl',,,
a, aiL T he SI00.
finnl y>lick '0 th< m~tcri~l it)' of the "orld ".hich ;" re!!i",led ". tb<
',,' holc' I<b 11).0,,1" ,,;1h nothing ex;;ting I",yond thal. So th~ .pirit
of ,h. S'o;c ,kf,";lioD of ,i",~ c"" b",~ .,.... ,,';:dl)' "Olhing ;" com-
mon "'i,h ,hc \;e", "f I~ ",<.o.
0 " tllC o,h,', hand. th< .1'1"' ... nt .imi"'rit~ of 'h< Swic <kf,nitiu"
to the ,\,;"o,oIi" " one d""" not "",ually "'Ue" an)' real aHini ')'
h<:,wttn ,hem. Unce ';')[0 .. pootub,crl "" " nu",bM- Or me"'u.-c <>f
mOli"", ;1 follo,.-, ",","gbl off ,I"" lime could tlOI exi" if d,"", "we
tlo ""ul . , ~lJ , On tl'i, l>Qint Ari,t,~I., i, 'I ";'" "'pli,;,: if 'he", i, RO
o no to co"nl, I ll~" ca n b, nOlhing '0 he COLJlltro th". th"" co"ld
he no> "'''''bec'.''' ~".. "" th u"Sh mution prope< cu\tlll .. ill make "" n,,, ,
~ For ""'''pl<, h< aIb.-m. 11.,. "........"", ,,, of bum.,. "''''''' C[ .l/"" !l6A
Ii<~ 611"; ~ ~'~ '>H , 1 _ 7;C.rc 1()(;Il, I., 7a'L. K" ~,, ....
"~ .. ~ j" h",Lfj, "" ,,"'!! rc.. h) '''' .....)' "",,,I, , ~" ".,."n. 11.....,,,=,,) .-.:.01.
,.,,>t<d
i<)' Iu. ........ ""_"to
~-tti<h '''''tr.>:lOo:t, the tho, ti_ ~~, <""od ~-h<"
onh "'.. bn:.o~~' ;,,'" th. ~ti"!! ch .. ~ .,Kl LI-.- '00ginaI ~uff' ,
~ SI1~ 11, '67.8,
~ a. l1y*<o ~Z:l.Z~ -35; [IOu""," 50: ~,..No", ~
i"",pI,o",.. &.. tT,'
~.6,,,,, l"Io p
6<<<>; ,l.~ , ~
.t. oh' I, ,.,..;..,.; Ii
oip.e,.fIoo.'''"' oI...M........1
w.
';0.&0< . """ rI,..",;mr ~J.o,o J,-. oio3' ""'~ ' ~O'&.i>; ",e ~ ,. . . tOo""'""'"

h.c it i, (111)' tIle "",I ,,-hie)' ;" (l,,"l i~~d to
'""
"".JIlt_ With"u, ",1 ,h"",
;, only rum;on. I f th<:,'c to "'~Y rno.iorl, but no I"",ibilitr of CO",",
UIg, !hi, d"fm;,;"" fail>.
The ",II,;!n"n' of ,\""tulle, a, quOlCd in du' 'W,' [...1""', ha. [,<""
ruud 10 ,,",cep' by man)" ,,,mmental,,n, ,..h" h.,'< ,ollgh , '" ",ill'
tc'prn ,I", text. ,\ li,' ofintcrprct3ti ou> i, "'I'I'[lc<l by P.P. Cone"."
In a pcn4'iC\~~" disc""",,, he cit'" Simplici"", 11. C~rtcmll , IV. Broker.
A..J. Frg""i"", andj. " or.:,,,,. R. Sorabji. on 'he other h""d, . imp])'
,ak,,,, i, ,h. [ """od< ma,k' .' m;SI.,k<: '" ,hi, poinl. namd). jll hi.
",..;"ion ,I"" where lW-V"" n;"t> to do lhe co",,,;ng, d,.,,,", i, nu
cOlu""hili'r. lie ",~kc."" i,,'c,a'iug C""UllCII' :" ,\,;"",k hen: OlO'''.
!rum "" ,pi'~ltJP'" premi ... ,"'c IfMih) . It " ",,Id he <ai'l, l~",~"r, ,le" ,h;" h:.;, "f ,\n,,"-'1I<', o;J,1'u,i,ion
le" an ,.:i,,/mItdJi,/iJ: "oiu . Un ,hi. gm"",) 'loon: c~ n he ~ c't""ai n tink
)"""ttu e~l"'ri<"re and ob,oi,)g,-, ~'or ,\,; >1",1,,', a,,,rm"" ..-e ",,/Ut
'ime) i, "~ith.r '"pi>,,,mologir,,l. nor "w-n " ~"'hologio::oJ ,,!)e. He
,ef.", ' " d,e '~VN' of ,ioo<" ,."d,er ,b~" '0 ~"Y """ of UWU'Vdg< of
il. An )'h o..-. I ,h,U t~k~ ,\,i"",Ie', "'"(In,!, as Ih<y ~'" d".rl~ ' ' 1<"<1
in /1'1)';'" a",) ..hall""t deal ",ilb Ibi. ''''"t;~i , an)' limher .
I" '\ri'lOI ie', d.f,,,i'~)IJ thon: an: 1\,"(1 f"nd.,me"",1 pn:nli",,, flnt.
00''';''''; ""co"dly, ,he so"l. ,,ho i. lh. co\""i "1I ''11''''' ,,,,d ",,,de ...
a ,,,,,.ning "ro" n"mlxr. Th~, ,hi, dcflnilion "f'im< i, ",u "d only
if ""'''' .'" th"", ""0 I"C"~I"isit"", ,,-,,md,. ,he mU"i"g lor cl",,,,,_
ing) oLrct and th" counting i",dlig""t ."hi-oct. Tbi. poi'" ~'L>OO no
problem' to hi> thw,y of time." ,ioce he hdd th e ootio" of n-cT_
1"Sling""'" of 11", ..-orld
I" "'i>1otl.-. t hen-fon. ,,-hat is of "ntological priorit) '" i(h "'''I>e<:t
to time i. mo/u)IL [n coon ..... ", to th e S,,,ie. th< !na;" OD"~()gic.1
~ tb ,,~ .(I,," tIw. El oS< , ,.0<. ~ ..... _ "",q.,.,i. ~ '"'lIi ~ ..:>t, jh. ;~"v b X""'"
okw.i "'6h:"~' ,;'''''". l,~, ~".. ...:(ii . Tv I\f '''''''''''' "'; ""UN';V .. ,;,.,,,
;",1. ~..".", ~ ,.,;;,'"',{,. " ~O'e. " ,& to,,, .
.. P.t". C"""",, 0;. v;-..." "..-., MwUch 196!, pp. 1 ~ 69 .
.. R. ",,".I.<j~.,. ~i . p . "-
.. "-,,",,lOng '" '""',.,''' of Ct:"~.rin" . ,\riMode h"",,1f ",ugh' oL..t m.nk;",1
"'" ..... ' " ""' .\1 any""". Ari,tvdt ~ .. qu;.o eIt., ..
ru. ''''''' of "'" '''tWt)
of "'" ~Id: "' ... ;, "'" <Dd of ">tUr<. and h<n of "'" ~'..-kI, .Iti<b ;"';!f;'
~i"-- h<g;.u,ln . er r. H ...... h. c..u.n., lit [", .1:"'/. (~, l1j61; J\'. ) .

''''
,kfi"itio" ,,[ time i, almw.. TiTtk: ..u " I,1 be nog"roed 41.50 '" 3 'mca_
,urc' , iJut ,hi. i; ju" "" .dditional P"'I><ny of it, 1bi. ,uco.T" , h. t
;r tune i, nm regard",] "';, m." ..,,",.,. ~ " d if ,he", is "0 otoe to cou n t
it. 11.... 5 ,,,;0 defi"ition of ,ime doe; '101 t.il ,,,,Iik" ,10,' ,.\ri"oldia"
o no. Th~ c';' ;OII poi'" ,,-hich all)" .,,"d. b.-hind ,hi u!.>'i,a",;,,1
diff.rente i" I thillk. the S1<';c doctrine of eo,,,,ic peri.x!,.
"11", St,)ic~. '" wcll '" i\r;'totlc, lockl , ba' t Ull~ i, .," " nd it ;,
1>1/"".""" If. hll>othc,;c"Uy, the S",ics held time p"'f'I'r to be in
....., ,,,,,, a ,,,,,,,I.,,,,. 1he" 'he "Il<l of ciOC h ,,,,mic ""r,od co"ld c,,,~il
th e ""d of lim e a nd t he b<:gi"n ing of (l1t0lh(f ,im e. Uut ,h" i, c~,arly
r<:ic<,ed Fm lh"y all. ~ly C hT)"';pp"', a .... c~J>licit ,hat each
n......' ,,'orkl ""gin> M,I eod. ,,; ,10 a cmmic d" ..."<oo,,. hut lime .1"".
nOl." T II ;" ," ".,," tb",
time proper;, ,m d ...".m of 'he .... orld qui,e
ind"!,<,odeot 1',..,,,, "' I",, he, ,h e ',u h>lan".' (""""'" ,,'hid, eo"so ito ,.,.
'h e "n,M, i, '<1<00<"",0(1' (6,,, ... ,,,,,,~~~fv'll dU';llg 'h~ "",mic p',,;nd,
Of ' uud"",),.'cd' ("l;'"ru..~~ ,o.:;) d" ,; ug d,e d;"olution of d,e world .
Tim e;' <NU "",",,~on aioug whic h 'he ai1ern."iom of ,hi> . ubMauoe
oc< " e pc';odic~ II).
Ti",,, i, ''''. i, is " ;~>OUl ''''gO''''Hg , i",k...~1 Ihi' i, a conIU ",,,,,,
infLni,e ;n w,h din";';"'II, _ If 'i me p "~,,,r " ..,,', defined "-, ,h~ ",,,,,.
her ofd" "'orldly mo' ;oll a,~1 ' h"" ordcrly----.;ll cc ,bel'<: call I,.. llo
"UT""er of mo, io" i" diwrderr. 'hi' could eu,ail ,ha, iIIis I',""nl
"'orld i, "'ilho'" tJrgiJ,,,i,,<; 0' ""d T bi, is '''' ~I"a h.-ld b) ..\ri,(od".
I~Jl ~. un"'......l''''hlc to 'he S,,"""_ fbi<I<..~, in a !!",,,,ral ,-onilagr""""
'h ,' .,,' no soul, 10 <"Ut" n\Oli"n-~IId P'! ,ime ,Ioes exist ami i,.
c(w in ,, ;')" i. tnaimaiued. '''0_
Tbe concl""ioD i. ,ha' if 'he Stoic. ,ccq"ed ,be Ari",,,. lio"
,1,fDUI;"''' of IUne. ,ben fi",da," e" ul 1'''''''''''' of th.;,- 1'10;]0'01'1.)"
(. uch a, 'he """U;Il. of c,,.," te period' co ul,l )"', .. no .d,xl"al<
g",u"d . In ' hon _ ,h.,\ ,;,,,,,,1,,, ,, <l.fl ni,io" of ,im, i, <>..- n'iall)
incotnf''' il>l" ,,'i,h fu"cLuru; n'al Sloic <loc,ri,,<>. -n", i, "'hy 'ime i,
iD p,;"cip l ~ ~ j] t:f/m,ioo __ d.fUli,i"" wbicb Cd" def)" Ari"o, 'e', dcnial
of Sl,c"",,,;,,, " 'or lds atl<i ,ioe< no< ","cc,,,,';I)' P""'uPI""" an j" ,dh
go'm ,~~jc("l '0 COn", ,ime (" hieh i, il)di'l"'''''''~c fo, ,he :\riSlOldia"
co" COP'ton of ' ;m" '0 mak .. " ", . To S,oic., 'im.: mal' be r"gaTd",1
~ Cf_ I'hilo, 11. Aormoi_ .1'..... L~3!f, "_ . . ~ .00"""' .. . ... & "'\ "'''' ~"''''"'
~'~"",' oil<" i","""".,,;,"..,in "_ ;, 11<0"""",. """", ~ ~1Iw""""~'",, ot rii>
n"""'" ...-",;v ,('n, ''''' ~ 0,"'""",. ,:,

191
a. a~ a m<3>"'~. ,,0\ Ixca,,,,, 'ime i"clf i, a ,,,,,,,!>er. b", ",nly

be""",,, motio" ,al.., place ill timo. n",,,dy. i" ,h. ",1rnMo "hicb
t;m, pruper i, hd,l '0 be, For it is """ " "",!>eT. b", w'",w. tit,,,
n,.,,,;{lJtc, " l< f,m(L""e,,,.1 ",,,,,,logical ddi";tiun of time l"OI",r.
Th", th. ",:<,lJI"TC"Ce "f a e"",,mic caL~"rophe "'hi,,h mar .. th e COld
of n world and tho bcgi""iu!l' of the "e~' o"c a",1 the ,ub;cqu.",
.I."ce of an)' "n!crly motio" I"" ",.U as the . I"" ncc of "uy intr l
~ge", ."bject ">I",hl" of co1l mins IllOt;O" ,Ioe, bot put 'he S,oic
,k-f'ni,ion of Ii"", in ~"r '1, .."ioo ..'I"'lOO<~"r. Thi, i, poo,;1>1< ""
acc""," ",f ,h~ (:,e\ ,hat the S,,,", 'k,fin ition "f timo i. radically
dilfer<rll frolll the ,\ri,'otrli.,,, oue. I" ,\ri"otle wba' >land; iu 0"""
Iogiral priorir;' '" ,i<l1' i, .. t>Iit>rt. In com"",. to the S,oic> the omo-
1ogi"~1 <kfUlition of'ime ;" ,_ .IMriooI. Time uon)' .w be n ""."""".
b", 'his i, .n ado:]jcio",,1 1'''1'''''')'. 001 ,h .. ind;'lw"",bl. ,,"'oJogical
idotllil)" "r il.
It i. d.", th.n 'hat thr S'oie ,!cfwitio" of tirue i. cot. .."",,.., a nd
quite ilJ(l'-V'nd"" frO<l1 .ith" 'h" l1a'''uic or ,h. Aru'OI,,~au 0".,.
t ..,,,r i, " ',,, l'rud ", " 'ho 1',,;,,,.,1 ou' th'" ~'" $'oie "i,'''' is .ctually
,hn~",,, , rroOl ,Io~ ,-;"..~ of ,;"'" of ~i,h.,r 1'1"'0 or ,h~ l"'rip",~, ic~,"
Tt, tllC .. t~,,, p"-'''''g< 'hough ,hero i. 'ml}' l,i, dai",. ~u, t'" the
argo,,,,en!> r,,, it, I ca" ",,' \:"",... "heth., or "ot I'rod", d;,t~u=1
11a,o', "in, OD '''' &1'",n<l< "a,<"<'<'ptio,-, of
time i, o,,~t"ia lt )' i"d~p<nd<1lI f,,,m <i'locr ' he I~~tolli < or ,h e
,Iru,,,[di.,, "ne_ Tt,i, i, " 'h) ..,rn,' schol." op1 foe relating it to 'he
I'Lttoni" "i.,... o,h<", (."cit ,.. H, Chm,, " ) 'a\:. it 10 I.' ,imilar '0
,11_ of ,'''-'tode." wh.",,,,, OIh.", I,uch "' J.M . Ri>! ,10 "01 pl",,,p
for <i, h,. th" former or 11,, lalt'" a",1 lea,'~ ,h,' q"""i<, " ,001.
To ' h~ S,oic, in CO"',,,,,t" I'L""I, timt "",rn-.. - d,41I,,"< ~ ... ' t\0I
intrilwcail), ",,,,ci"ro '0 th. <xt~nt 'h,,' tit",,' coLlI,1 lI(~ be u"cl,r
>,<to1)' "",,,,,-cd ill ,h ~ n )' Stoic dd'"itio". T"". prOJ>CT,
how".",.. is b) nO ""an; a ",ali,)' depcmknt upon rnotioo , T he
S'o;" d.fini,;"n in "'" "-.)' ell",jI, [ha' ,ime cannot exi'1 " 'i,Iou,,,
m",i",,_ S",:Io " oond",;"n <""Id ~I"". f,,,,,,, ho,h the 1'L""nic a tld
'Ite ,\ri"o,clian <kfinitio n 10", not rum 'Ite Stoic ODe. ,\ S",;e could
".,,-eT ~rg"e tha' the" is no timr ill thr "h",ncc of ""~ion -,,hicb
.. SI'F. n. lGO, 610,

'"
I~at() and A,;"tol10 d id. C<11~ inl.,. 'he S,,>iQ did .11",,' tha, "'"it"""
i; tompo",1 j. ""!ice>
10 ,,,,,,ion ,u~1 change. Hu, ,,,, "" .on'" i.
1h" ""n cession a ''''''"'''~'1.' eorolJ . ,)' <J lht;, ddiJlitio" or time p",per.
,\mOllg ~II ,1,,- C",,-k det;ni'io''', it is soleI} 11.... Stoic 0',.. in ,,-hOch
th e notion of Inoti o" ;" 110' olllolpgi~.lI.,. ind'<f"'"",ble fur 'h~ ''''Y
cxa,,,ntt of ,im< 1""1""". "]1\;" ha"JC'" 011 account of th e on'ologi_
cal prior;'y of time to 11l0t iOIL T l,is i, ill rac. ,be pOilll of 'he cril_
ical ,dui"" of 101O1iob to lime a"d 1hi . ;" h",,' 'he j,wolw:m"", or
mO/km in ,10,' definit ion of ,in'" should be ,-;",,-, <1. It ;, o"l~ in S,ui<'
thulIgh, ,h", a "" imp,,,.illi/l "b,,,",,,e "f mQtion d"". ",,1 n-,,..,.ril.,.
,,,.,,il tht iml",., ibility of cml<ncc (,f time proper. Ccrt"uJ.,. ill ,ha'
case ,h~ queo'ion whic h con l,j be i"",,1 ;" ",h", .. 'he point for
ti ",~ 10 ex;" ,.. all. TIb;, Ioo".<..."r. i, an 'fMUwlol.Jgi;~1 <]l~";'''', per
b ~ I " a qucsUot) pe"ao,iog < ra,,,,,,
0 .1.... mc ~ , oj ll g of ,in ... or ~)e n".
"f il_ nllt nn no a,,,,,,,"'I i, it all ",,~.I quo"i"n: ,",'h id, n><~II'
t h31 ,br b )'po.he'ic~ 1 ~h... nce of lIIot;OIl doe. uot of IIcce,,;,)' ex,ill _
guioh 'he ontologirn l ground fur . he e~;"e" ce "f ,;me proper. The
,uSI'o"ion colllo:l pcrhap. j"';1e ,I .. ' I"''''ioo of "h) in such. c_
lilO" *"'Id ex;" 00 < 'h~", i, "" grouIld '" ' ''1'1'0'' the cI.>iJ\, 'k"
in !ha' ca", ,illl< ,..,Id IWl e~ i " ,
The na"'re of , illle i. to be all "te""ion for 'he ""'t;01' of tbr
world. Y"' 'he e,u".e" ce of time don no, tkfInI4 On 'hio ,nntio" .,
,.tI. Ce""inl)" '0 ~'" SlOirs ,I .. 1""'l",,,,a1 10000ll of ,he " 'orkl is an
u"'IIIc.,;"nahk f~c'- ", ,,..,,, hole><, d><)" did no, g",,,nd the c~i'knce
"f .im< p"'pcr 0" mOli"" it""lf a . more 0' le ... Ih,' ""t "f ,I", G,,'ck
>cIHJ. <lid , It i. Mh", mo';,,,, ,,-!lieh i. 'icp.,",I.,m 0" tirn~, I'.,nicularl.,.
in )'..cno, dclin;,ion. th e <onerl" <>f,o" e i, omologit~U)" prio, '0 , ,,,"
" OIioo of ,nOlioo " 01 "re ,cr~ . T;o,~ is ,h~ ' n d i>J~ ... al.o1, . uh-
,'r.H,,,,, tor "'OIion "01 "nly '0 ,~ k" f~""'" hu, 01", to m~ke s'",,'.
Th. S'oic ,;me as 6,,,,,,q~{t 1.",.,,,ion1 ;, r<lat.~ .n ",,,,,m,,,_
Idim oOl,i"Il ,ather tl~", '0 mQ!ion, al!.<ci, i, o:m ld ha rd/r be cJ.irnc,1
th " 'hr Stoics ill allY rc'l>CC1 a"tic;p,"ed Ibe coocq"ion of time hcld
by ~fode'" I~'l';"' . i'\"""l1hel"". the radical di/fereoce berwe~" ,im'
a, .~".",;.,,,, a"d !hoo,' of 'i ...... ~, "ilh," mO"ing im:.ge "r n"mi<o;r
i, <:J " i'c ob,;o", on tl,. gr"O'''>ci of ,hi> cQ)" F~di"i nClion : 'h" SI"i<;
olle io ,,,," cA", or 3 >w;, timr . a; cOIl"asted ",ilb 'he 113101lic I"
,,-011 "" 'he 1'(~; ll i~1I 1 ,t'"""';,; Ilotion and the ,\ri>to.clia " al".r~C1
.deb,'f", ma.bematk." per'''ption.
Tl",,.. ...... a,","ion, Ih'" ,,,,id,,,r Ihe I'yth:.g""""" no, du' Swi",
made ." nl'licj, pan of tl".i, ' heory ,ha, tim" will !.<c ,he if}m,

193
(hroughuu( .uc<"";,,,, 'e,.n" Tak ing imQ ,cc",""" th. C",d ~k" <.>f
the Grea( Year, for cx.~"'I'I<:, it ronld be "'!,~,<:,I (h.t. ante (h",
period root,,,, ",,,lid alld Ihe b ~a"'nl)" bodi .. '~tu'n to their origi_
n>l alig"'''''''''. (h,'n Urn.. corn,,, IO~" "nd and ,,~, .. :.g:.in. 11""0"<1".
(h"re i. a p<.>int "hieh ha.t<.> l>< ma,1e agoi ""th... a,,<rti<'>'b." 'llli,
argumen( i. somlll ooly if time i. rcg,rJed u, the ,\ru,,)tt~"" '<nse
of mrostIf, or n""u.,... Onoe time i. c' !IC1ltiallr ,w "Inffio . th" "'"_
ment i. nOl ",,,"d I f time i, but 'he nUfllber cowning the y<~t> of
a o:<mie pcrio<t thell ",",,-,illl) i, ,,'iU reMh the ""m I... , of p .....
,,-hich comp""" """",ic pe,i,.! and 'hen "ounti ng will h.,'o t<.> hr:jt>
"If";n , "' hieh nlCa," tha( ~ tunc ,honid "an all "'= '10ut. lu
COl"""'. if time io it< ~ ... ,"" ;" all ,,"InU;"", , b"", ;" nothing '0 ."g_
geM (h", ,h~ ".ill "in again. T b;' ex'enoio" is i1lfini'e i1l both di=_
rio",,_ "" ,he Sro;", c>pt;caled , I ~)i(\ ~ ,ha, ~)is i. a mai" n'ago" "'h)'
'h"y .eem to h:,,'~ no! '~'.1! ",-ith th< qn,,,tio,, <fl 'h~ saN""', or
,~,, _ of tunc in the CO" "" of 'he "'"rid , 'Il,ey ..imply ,lid lIot n=1
(0 do ..,.
\ I,..-h dd,,,. h'" 1"",0 made ~oo.l\ ry.:/in{! of "i'b .... rime or ",,,,,,.."
10 ;" 1"'1",1,,, ,,,ooug schol"" to 'I"'a ~ aloo," -C;'die' or '",c,;hllc~r'
tim<. lilt fon)] 11<-'; ng I"C-g-.. n:l"d ., ,he 'C r...,.' cO 'lCcptioll (lf i" 11,i,
IIo,i"n of qelici() <ni"y' much CUITC"C;- ""cl 'lOC. p<rhap" bccau!iC
it prmido:. a ";' '' pli'tic ' !Mtial figu'" of time. 1bi, U. bo","'-t f_ " di,_
,i"",;o<, ,,' hid, is ,,,;,,I<:,,,,,,,S for con'p,-,'h.".iol1 of Ih~ prot,Ie<".tio.l"e
of (ime p"'l",r,
T he no(io" vf c}" lici') cotM h"rJl) makc """S(' in ~n~ G,...d
school q,di< "\"I"n1> h,,,,,, no "'"'" ",',n u, phi1""'ph,,. ,urh a<
Herdcietl" Or (he Stoic .. ,\( 01"'( Olte wm,I,1 'I"'ak about """"';'01
",'~'''<' "hirb ,<'-cur i " norm"l I",,-;od, of U", infioil"_ h""M. CO" -
tinuum ~ rim,. With ",g~rd 10 f'lat<.>. for i,,"a tlCC, ,(lw,tion, vf
r)"Clie it).... I ",,'~ ( h ~ir co",,,er-pan, in hi. "',,r. III ,h. R'_'fnd>Ji<","
h" ",cm. to '''[QI'''' that >om" d.)" in (he f",,,,,, the ide.1 State .
.. R, s. .... >ji ,ugge'" ,h'" ~ .....

onIj .. XI> ~--. "'"' "'" itI<. ,h., __ ~-ill
",. thr ""'< ..... "'" ~ .,. ril.. Po I S''-
" Cf. 11.. So.-aIl:P .,. tiL. PI'. 181ft:
.. Cf. I',~, .,"'-"- ?XH ~ 2~ ...ft:
.. er 1'1..". N", ' b . '\I9ti, ..", """.... """"" "" ~ ~,.;.(,,,(I,'" ... .,f,v.',,'
" "01),,," ....,";.- ""I "',0< ...., "......""l ".. /i,,,,' ~~'" , Moioou ~
..,..".,,'" ~"' . . . ,..., ~"'" ~" ".;o.1),ItI; ~'" ...,... .... ttW>A
/M .u' '"e' ""v ~hUL h,.... mint,

'"
which he f>ortmred . ..-ill It <x>uid ,he" be ,,,,,,..mabl< 10
11l",~riali<,, _
argue , ha, .he po"myru of an ocClIrn::nce lying in the illdcfLDit<
futun: ;, a dM>.; "'hkh implie. a 1iIwl, co" ceplimo of ';n1e.
T he,,- i, onl) 0"" 'a,,' for ,"yd;..-") lime 10 m kc ... "sc' !hat i.. a
/;ypolNliaz} eclectic aUj,ude, acmrdi ng 10 which the St";c 1101;011 of
,uc""";,,, wo,ld, is uphe ld. ,,-hilc lime;' ru.o r~g,rdod '" NimilHT
I;" a " '\rntot<~'w seor). Al 'he cml of" c",mic period time will
b~, .. IQ >tar! ''If.,in. bott"""" 'hi' ",iU h""c re""h1 'he amOm01 or
years """,pri,ing du' ''''mic I" 'nod ~"d ;, "ill not IK" """, hi. for
th" IHltnocr-tim< to i"<rea", [""her. Sinc. A",w,dian ,."''' i, infi ni"
Iwi,h no " 1""1,,,< l>cgumi ng or <Oldl, the f(Jun1uv: of the mtmbt-r, whith
i; ,ime "'ill ha,". !O >!at'< ag;.in. Tb" ... Ihe,.., ;, no .bwl,,1t 1"'gi1l.
ning "nd time proper "",,'" (0 b" "'1""".,1 in n q-clic ""hem<. It
is o,~) in , .. d. ~ hWOl,hcrieal <..se ,ha' one " 'o" kl "",ak of ",,1~<4
' ime: 01,., i.. an infLni,e .." ie. of cQun'ing nl' '0 "
cercoi" nLunh"r.
aud ,heu "aniug frOnL the h.. ginLliug cou n,ing aJl O\-.:r again, SLJch
..., ecl,ic ,; ...... of Lime, ho""",,,,. if e,,:r any. ne"er ",.<It " , " b
":'01ial m~,'k io G "",k !hough..
T hus , h ~ wO)' "ooon of TtfJ"1W!. of '"''''HS iJ, rac, iml'l;'-', " du-
~ of eH""'. e"c" if they .'e '-aJ!J identic,.] (""m o"e coo
mic po:ri'~l to ""oth e" II mee, lh< n",i"" of C;'dici,y "lIe~1 as a
lIui,',n.a) Gr"". conc'1'tion of Lime i; . h.uru. A. ro, Aro'''tle. b<
"",,,,k< of time as so",,,lu"g like as '1'(I~. " 11 ,,'o.,ld ha," I><:<'n a
fug .... nt mi,,~le 11, take th i, phr...", "," vf il< cOll lcx( ""ti allege , I""
An'lO,1<- '''gg''''''(I Iha( 'ime i, 'cydi"al', " Illi.sI~ke " hid> ck'al ~
,h",,','(I !ha' ,hi, p"ni,,,, of /'h.l'im hati ,,," I~"u plUJl<',ly ,t lld~'(I
<tu)'w.)' a ",i"ake which I ,10 nOt <llli'k i. ",.d, """,,,bp." If Oil<'
,,i;b,, '0 " ... k to Ihi, ,00000n of c),cbd,}' \"hhough ,h e'" i'l "0 ",:,son
to do s.. at al]"l," I", "'mM a( t~' " 'p.'~k of ~ ,pirol "f "1"""" li m.,
~ Mi-'<. i19'_ 113KZa-'29; Cf. .Joc 123~.ZH!': 2'IJB,3 1 3:1.

" O. CuIlm""" bu<~ h;, -runn, '"""'" "'h" 1><0 ,aI> th< '(',""~' '-;"~' '"
rim.. on tru """" '" Ari..w. .00 ",1= '" ,.. mboo r '" "ooa." ~ 00 "",,I "'"
"""""'" in 'he ." .. ~.y: er c:Iriit ... '/""" 0=_ , bo,' p, eoum."",,- ,\oheno.
1900,1" 2W. n, 5. ~"r, Cf. C. ""'ch, 0"""," .... T""'",",.<t .. 004 'I .....
I'riot>. 1971: I' t2 .00 n. 6 "'ho, An _ .. """,,.;, ..... """,;,, ..,. ....t>
o"",.u "'" "",",- "'thwgh ... ur,n-ino '" ,In_I.', '-;"k, 1'. 11.."." ,rit>;iLI
CuI."""" for ''''''''''g """ """';, ""'Lib",,,_' k.... """ ."mnomk.J un><;' .....)'
",<he; Cl. T . I\on>", , "'- p, 162.
" In r.t. "'" MI)' """'" ;, tIw in"",,,,,, " ""';n ~n'
~"","",", .no,! mi.J....,ru", <OI<h-<JJ d."rif.... "'lln<: ...
w"" ....",
'()""I.' .""" in ~ '"

195
'1'1"'.,011 account of 'he cO "<'l"ion of Ul11~ a. e .. ~n';on. ,h< S,oic,

,lid not n",,1 to cllunci"c 'hn' timc i. in "'"e<: "'" .lId tbc ,.""
throughou, the s\l cce"h'~ :" .... II S. "",~"b d,", ( h~y did e>nphae
,h.t time" a COII,;"",,tn which i, 1101 hroJ:<l) olf d ,,,;ng th, d<""o<:
' ion of" ..",Id . T h;" p<>; lll como, in 'UPI",I"( of my argument tl""
thc S,oic ""''''''I'' is in coOCl ''''' rd,lic:illy difbc", fruII , I~" or -,\""otIc',.
I cond ud, tltCll th~t thcTC is "" autonu""),,, SI<';" <r,,,li,ion "u
,h~ <OtlO:lfl ;On of ,jme (""md)". Ott the particular q ue>1ion of ~'Io.1
'On" proper '-", This ,."KlI l>csid,' 'he I'L ,o"ic ."d Ari"OIcfuol) ,;, ....~.
bo'ittg ;ndep"ndem from ,h"m . An)' " " "mpl '0 a ..ocia'. ,h< Sto;c
,;<w ,,;th cither thc Aristotelian or 'he 11ato"ic olle couhl I". l~)it".
bo , ']l'e cbim al"'''' an e"""ntial 'im~ari(l' b",,,,ee,, u,e I~",to"ic or
A,;,t01cli"" ,'i(~, 00 'he 0""' haml. and 'h e S,oic 0'" on ,be ",It...
0\ [""1 in' plks 'h~\ ' he .... i. ~n """'01ial d"I",,,de"<~ of 11", SlO;':
'ho"ght "PO" ,,;th<r ,h. I""ton;', '" ,h. A,i"",eLan one_ In elf"",
,"ch a claim di,p"'''' thc f"d 'hat Stoici,,,, co""ituoc< a rl illdepc".
'kut "od ,,,If.<Iit<..,tiog ,lfl:"m of ,hough,. It ,,-oul(1 I.. "ut only ou'
of m )' ""<>I .... I~,' "I", , uj><"rtluQ,,'. '0 "'11"'" 'h~, ,tu, ;.
nu< 'I";'" , he
ca,,'. For h wou ld b.: ,tWuro(O call ;"'0 'lu<,(;"" ' he b;"",;c,,1 r,,,,,
'hat S,,,,,,i,m i, qui,c ;n<.k"]><ndent f'um an~ "'hce Creek ,,-hool "f
,hought: tha' it 1t,,,1 il> own momeut"", ""') il> highl)' "ig""'''' a "d
i"fI""",i.>1 p'<>t:nce in 110. ",irilUai " ",ironU1cnt and ",-o lu,;01O of
~!"as ",,,,,el),. ;'010 , I"" " 'hid, i, " ,"", U)' ,Io.,,,,,,il<l by d,e all"'''' b,....,.
Ulg exp",,,,,o" 'C rcd thought'.
It i, ,nu'.n<'-erthde.., ,I"" ,h< St"ic <I<,(", i'i o" ha. "njo),' or,iu,e it, Anti<l"ity, J ol", Calhh",, "
I"",... th. S,oic 'w,, ou, of cOII'ideraUon. 0 .. me omer han(l. as I
",id. i, i, onl) "f'er a \"ry ,hOl1 d;""".";,,n ,I ... "- Chrou" co'"
d"d." . ,h.t 'he S'oic d~fill i'io" of ,im< ,,-a. 0,,1)' :tn ..:ho of th .
Ario'otdi. " on"." I'<-Thal ,,11 ,hi" ;" du~ (0 'h" lad of a ,k,.il,,,!
S,oic Irc",,, ... nt of the 'l """jon. F.". indccd 'hcy rl<'-'eT alli",lc,1 a
cot"!,,,, h.,,,j,'" aceo"",, of their tt:n<1 , 11",,,,,,10 uphrai<1< 'he S,oics
"Wc ,he "'"" , of. Ild,,-.ic .00 ChM ... '""rilineM' time. The wu.: ,. t>m<.
00,,""" ;, "'" oh>, ~ .....
, John
"".od
......t. . """" ..,.,ru.t;c.""l
CalI.b.n. F.. ...... ./ ', . io ,u,;,., I'd- JL,!,
t,,,,,,,,,,,.
COflll<"bcU< 1'168.
" A. Ch",,,,< .-n., m<ani"l! of limo in ,he anci<m ~<KId ' . 'll< .........MIo";';'"
.....~) 1 ~\1 '. t Z.

''''
,,;lh incondu';,.., in ci<fmi'll c", 11.0 oh""ye. tha' 'h"y ,lefi" c ,ime
.... an 'ex,,,,,,io,, of lIlOh"'" 1i,,:i'Hn~" .....;"..,., -",,<1 nothing d oc'
liiJJ.o ~- 0':&'\. H ~ ad<J. Ib", 11o<"}" "'ga,d i, .. aD""" "mib",e
resulting from mo,;on. ~ co,,>eqococe of lnoUon I",,,
o~~f\<lln"""'''
Vp'~O~"'OI ,..hil. 'h'",' 'fail 10 co"~"',, it> ... ,neo alld ios fac<ll,y'
(riW 8' """;a. in";' .-ai ,~,. &i",,~lV " " "",opii.v~,."
l~otiJll" at", ncro;.".! , ,n,:r'C criticism ag~i,," 1~>1h Aristot le and
'he Stoie . Hc ...jtt",d 'he ,Idi,ution of lime", "urnber. "'b,,~a.
the S",k cic(,,,iIion oflim .. "" ,,","''';01) ....,,,,..cl
10 hi", ",,,01 w"ch
ing upon ,he probkm of ,inn, P"'I'"'' 11" "'1101"""" ''' .. ,ha, <m"
would "neT fuul ",1001. time pro"er i. h)' ,imply co""tiug it . 0" lb<
01her hand, the Stoic "~'em'''' Iha' rime is m, """";On ""'1ll.,1 '"
him" tautology, , ;ncc lime ,,-. dcfUled by a p",dic3,e namely.
3"i"'~~,, " 'hicb " 'as nO' <i<f\fl.d i" ;\;oolt: Tt"".
j" bi> ,i.'n. ,bo,.
SWic> fd l .ho ,t ,,f ac.tu.Il) dditli "s: lim."
a", ,[ """"'0"< ~...,.. IQ "Y th., the """'''''on ~f mWw' ,. ';"1<. <I'"
U, tile .,,,,,e oi <xt<l"'''" ,udr, "'It 111.. u, rei ..... " ,,, ""bid, lhc ""~ .... ,
b.. iu ' _\teru<oo. a. if " ~ .'" ntluti"!! ..... og ~itt ,to ,,'hat ,Iti,;, h..
n.,. t><-.n """d. Fo'" i, ",-"""" ,"", ,i",.;, ,),., i" ",'hich <I.. m.,..o",
h.. "'(U""". 11", tlu, ",. , "cl"" "') di..-",""u """ 'ryi''8 to ['"tI [,"'''
th.. toq,;""ing. ,,10., tin ........,,',;ill)' i,; "", .. '" Iio<-t 'h"
j, ~ke tloo
""ne '" ~" a","er 10 Ih< qu<" , m '\\1,.. i, ,;mer "'hi<~ ' "r' tt",
;, i, ,_"e,,,"'" of mutiooo u, o",e. IIl1~'. do,,,. ;; t/-U, ~-'1<o,;"o ,.hich
)w ,,-,ll ,in ," .od pu ' OUt.;cle ,I", 1''''1><' e>ten,"'" oi the motion'
TI,en "8";" , 00 ,he o<he, "'k. ,h .. 1""""" "'M I"'t> ,~ .. <:>,,,.,,,
in
th, mo<ioo ,,,,,If.
,.111 he loopel<..J) ])Crpk_,ed abo ... , ""here '0 1'"' tb,
dioo<!l>ioo ...r "'... ~'",. .... ncthu,g d>e o"nk] r<>l fOr .. Ion!! "' ""lite-
t/,;"8 " ... u,",,,,L "".I )"" ,,-otol.] .. ) that the lill'" '" ~acL c"'" ,....
the _ , ' , i><i"g, 0\>0....",<1).-, (1;11<",,,, from \><><11 . Ilh .. , tt<n, '. ,h",
<><'e1l;x",. , ad "'h" " i<> o.nu-c? 1'0' " c no< be '1'.6... ' u""' ' his
,I,., ti,~ QUbOdc oou"<"',,,",,
It " plau\ lIu, ,h;" """".me'" of 11o,iuu. POU\'" 10 'he ear~e" of
,be S,o;" ae<"ow",. na,,,d)". ,b~, of Z.!lo,. The critici"n " 1>O!I.the
le .. ~"c",kd 10 ... ,,-, SI""". '00. Ch')~ipp", dcfmcd li"'e a, """
, srI', 11, 16.1. :I\I-n.

,. FA"", m .l .S. 1 u.. .. ;" g<~ 1<.01]"..',01 d", "..-.La., or A.lL ,\mo""",!!,
.... , ~ith """" "'""""' .... ,h~" J <n>.n"",,, .s..J~",~" .. c", ....... ., not" 'u;.-
,,,,,,,,' "\acb olueo _ ",.n,. _"" 6~o.; . I.. , OM""',;, ,\1>, "'"
;;""",.l~ n><an . , oog .s, Arm"~ .
",ort""'"
troll,J.,' ...... '(..- ,) .... "'" ,!,",,' would
,,,,.,, oonfu,;""," I.. oo.-;,.,,<y "",.,..'op.oc< or nm.' .... ,~ "tIV- po;n' ~t..."
f1otio"" ,",k. tllf en"",-' "",-"",,,," ". ..."'., """" "' ,h"".

197
'X"~';OT' "'hi,h i; along,jde foU"",ng the motiou of 'he worl<l" ",',

."pa.-.w.v9W. ,h{""~~,, 'U ''''' .:001""" "".,;,,,,1." /\hhough I'Joti"'"
'h", not r~r.,,. tu "" r StOl<: philo""l'lt",. hy ".mc, it i, ob,;"", ,hat
the f"lIo",i" g portion of ,he F.~'4d, i, ~ctu~lIr a im "d ~~~in>t
Ch l)-';I'I~":
A, "'" c:illi,,/! i, "" ""oo"'p',.,me,,' of on",iQo, ,hi, doe, ,"'" "'I~';"

. , oil "'ha, ;, ;>, "or ha, 'h< ""'1<n""" a"l "",,'1<n' bel""'- it i , w,1
~h." 'Iti. ;>ccomp,oriog t hin~ ~ , f .... l'<rh"I" jD.t ,h m;!(h' tllJ"D "'"
to to. time. Bo , "e ''',I>t oot,~d"r ~- ...,tI ,, ,. tI,i. acoon'p"nimnlt co",,,
.rier """iou. or " ,he .."". lime ~, i" or t.for< it rtf "" 're i, 3.1')
kind of ~ O("" 'I "n i" ", ,, ,,'~i c h con,,,. heiQ..., iQ, ,,'hkhe,~'" ""'Y be
w.1, i, ;, >aid to be in tu"", If 'loi, i. "", ,in" "iU be ~" .... "'mp""
u;"'<ot of m...o;':'o in ,ime. "
It ;" "ne tha, the S,oics ,/0 not ,,1I<:r any ebborotc ao uut of 'heir
...." 'ial i<k:, of ti",," ,,' '~le".i O>l. '!l,e fO"'8Oi"g crilic;,,,, foc,,.,,,
Oil Ihi, l.d of clabor.tio". pu'pc..,.ing '0 ofT.. " cto",er of puul, ..
0\ Ih,' ~l1cmp' '0 dillCredil d,, Sloic d.fill itiu", Thi, i. ~ nders"ond
.bk, ,;,we it CQ '''''' from .\liddlel~ atonic ami "',oplato"", di"",.
,iOl~ tto" i>. ri,'.1 ",h(~)I, of ,ho(lgh,. I ,hould h,,"e !hough' 11""
A. H. ' \"'''tto''g i, qui'e righ, in ""UinS 11",arch '" ,.,')' hostile

";lIlC,' of , h,' S,o""."
-],hi, critic;,m, ho",",'~c. do""gra<k, the _1Pgi<<ll ch"ra~"" of the
S'oic /i,,',,<r'lPu. ror the S'oi". do "'" roally 1'<)(",,1 lim" .., a '''''St
'I"ffll' of III(~io n: ,iTlle ;,. ill fact 'he indi.pe,,,,,ble denK"llt fOf )Ilu,iou
to make ..,.,"" 3.1,,1 ' 0 "'k pL~ce. Th.re i, a n am.>i ute (>/ttologie.tI
priori'~ of 6,(",,'I/U' 10 moriot,. "" ""U as 10 Oil)' ",h ... "otion ol>uk,:d
in the early Stn;c ,1"fi";t;"II,,
011 th e other I", "d, it ;, ,~) " id,,,I. nor i. i, due '0 negtige"c~,
th.t lb~ did Il ot dn-.:l<,\, lhe ir co llcep,iOl' in ,Ie'ail. Ou the COli'
'1111)'. i, Cow be "",";,1<0<:1 tht uo' to e1abora .. 100 ,u"ch i, a" inher
em p.-ocli'';ly of ~'e i , ,heor; of ';",e. 11\i, i, (>~pbcabl ~ it> 11,.. 1igh,
of th , i, princ ;p,,", themJ.-e" in S,,,i ci.m ,he '>otio,,, of ".Ii'Y ,,,,d
'''''''''''lIig at< clo.~J.,' ...-b'ed . 'n", gcncml "Id S,oic tM\M ,.-~, ,Wit
it i, ,," l)' t.o.~e' "hieh are re..! ,.. ""I ",gardil'g OT~)' ",1", i. ac,
illg Or "d1;";,,!!,.. Hcoce th..,' would "'Sou-d ,ime '" reHI onl), otic.
Sj'~~ It, 10'. 16 11 .

~ ~-" k m .l_lO.
"A,1l "",,,,,,,,,,-,,, ". / . _ ... " ~ I ..... JI/'. Loodoo. 1981. 17\),

''''
th e)" IL,d 3flLm><rl il to l>< a body. Sioc" lim e i. 00..;0,,<1\' 11<>1 "
hody, the ' poutallcou, Stoic rca ctioll i" 'he tir>, l~.t' would I", to
....jrtl ,he ~ I ~a ,ha,
,;me exi",. ;,,,1.,,<1 '" neg"" ;1 "h<>gelh,", flu,
thi. i, .df.<kr.,~,i"g, too. ,,;nee it nm, w'"''''''
to 'he p,,,~,j,... hUma"
e"l",rienox , or " cI10de a''''renc" of time. a,
k3>"
'n", Stoic. ...,ked 'he pmbl<", by e<>ncc<lmg tht cxi"cr'~c of four
<iJ\oo'l~,rcal". I~""d.,.. time " ~p<No.;\. '1,"<0 (0 l,""",' . ~II ""1'n:.-
,jOb ,0 ,-,,,bv
0.",1 'he l-oid '" "'''';''').'' h i. "I'I~"~'" thougb ,hat
in ,I,, SIO;" phiJlOph~. ~nd ifS m~lcri.(jsm, the term ';"<011'0,,,.1'
i, " cau"" of cmbarno. .. m<nt . On the u,h"r IL,nd, a f""hcr all ""~i,
of tbe 'I"c"ion of time could ""u>c fimhcr perplexity. Th;, ;, .... hat
Ihey sough' 10 ,",,,de. To 'hem time 10 .. al"'''}~ remained a 'some
th i"g' It' ', which ,mll,l, l><,wetn t><iug a nd non.heu ,g, in a ",,,te
be(,,'c",," ex",,,,,c "d noo",-,xiswntt .
'11,0 Swi", in g~",,"'.l d ..,Ulg>.i,hcd (h"", degr~., ~f reality: tl><
hm Iheillg> "'<re reg'<lIdcd a< be illg of full rcali,y a nd the.., wcr~
only 00dj.,.. Th" i1lcorpon:ab wen: rall~ '"'' wl1l<thinll'l. hut they
"e"" not ",g-~"dc-d a. /Iv". 1~'lo'" ,h"m, (b~ o,,"w. nothing> "e....
,,'e'e <Mc'""tio", "" ..";"",,,). Ti,o<" t".Io,,!:> to ,10" ".-<0,,<1 ra"k of
,"~Iity"" A"<J,h~r dii",,'ivn "f dcgrc... of ",~I it) i, bct"' " \<o'h", i,
~f(," " ,I><i"i1lg) "Old "I"" is "" lx-illg). The i,mnCT >C<"1n, ,,, "0'_
I"<"<pood to ".6
(:IOl1lcthu,II'>."'
This is "'h) l'mclus ~ccura(d)' 00..-" ..... ,10,,( ID" Stoic COUC'l" ;O"
vf tim ~ ""'" far to<, dilr~rc<" from that vf ~;thcr ,h, 1'\;'",,, .. (. or ,I><
l\'riP""'ti,.. . To SI0"". 'wrtl ;"g '0 prod~ .. -tim., ,,~, on,' of "'h" ,
th oy eall.d 'h" ;ocorpo,...al which arc ,1<'1),,,,,1 by ,horn a. i""eti.'.
and Tl'" being. "",I c:u"ing on/)' Ul bM'" O1 io<I "."
~ SI1'. n .I; . '!I-~ ' "

I'"h "I...-en '" <he S<oi< ohwghc .... ,,.. ""' .... ,"'" of
f<l -If...,,. .. ",.
' ''1"""""," s, [ _ I'< S. ]I. lOO,
" Cf. SI '," 11. Ill. Ifr, n, 166, f 10: So.", f.rnpiric ... , -""'.H,' '- '"
X . ~16 , efj ..l!. R",. Of. ~i, Ch. 9, ...... 1'-",!o..Ie 1''''1''<>-' "I" ...... ""!<>L~",,
oo.~ ;"""1"'<<1.-. ;!' J"'",.,. 8'"";<'h~it I.), I~, """"" ~ ""'...... P.ri,. 1918),
Cf k, ~ .,. "'-. p. n
~ SI'I', 11. 1"".' 10. in &- """i", ", .. ro,- &,.,.., .....' ' '. . . _ '-K, ~
~, "'~"... "'"""",,'0' '''' l"';"'" " 11).;,.... 0:.... '" w.; "" !,..... i>oUAnfl,w
" ...... ,.,;; 11",."""", ..,)J,oI. 01 ph ,<" ni""",,... '''',.. """<n<I.,,,
""""''''' "",i ,."...,., wi."~~' I. "'. oW ....... .- """"" n"""",'_ 10
,,,0.,0.;, ~ &;, ... m ......... "" .up ai.wi<.., ,,&om-ij ",t "'" iWm "'\ ...' ;.'''''['''.
""""""" .""'; ' ol:sf ""I'-/l<fIq"", <i;.; "v.;."..:; .,.,.,.,,,.

[" S,,,;,; philowphy a 'hoory :!>Cri""'l 10 Ch..,-.ipp", ,,-a, ,h'l (Only
'"'
"'Ul<1loiug 'fi,Ur real' <h"ul<l be c<>n,;<!cn:d "" '",u"ting" ~rnp~">i.
Tht:), "<l:d w m;,l<e me ,i;";,,ction bc,,,,,,,," l>~<iPlt" ... ,,1 ~t4 -
.,," n,,- lauer j , nol ~ f,,1I h", ""I) a 'po,c"ti,I' ",,h,). ' Fullf' ,,~r
;, an ,,,..,,nl ,,-hich tal." place in 1Jl1>JI1Ji!l: -"."n,jlli_ for ox.ampk Hi",
fuUr ouly' 3' long'" ,)ne "",Ik<, it ,~;c. Dot ex;" r"Ur ,,-hell onc iu
Ij;Jl g or ';11j llg." III thi. co"'~x'. 'he Stoic. ~rgu< ,h.t olJy the prc_
>en, ,;ule " filU)' ",al. 0" 'he "'her h~n d, 1h el hol,1 ';'ne to I",
olfm;,c in bo,h diro:n;OI1i [namd)', P"'" a.nd I'H",", ~nd ;'Uln,,,'))'
,L,i';h1e. Ohl"<)uJ)". th~'y can infcr 'he 'nfllli t< di"i"hi~')" from ,h<lr
f"'l<bl1lcrllai ,.jc", of ,ime '" " COU,WLlUUl." ,\ cror<ti ng lO " ,,,,,imon)-
of I'\"",cb, '0 'h e Swic. the 'pre",,,,' ;, lime'" inS,,;,")" '",aU, ,h.~,
i, ;. ',,,,,h<"<I' i.."ween P"" au,j tillure which are regardj n' 110'
fuU) "",.1), FinaiJ)", ~l. P"""nl i"clf j, "~lingu"ht~1 a!M1 cl"" "01
",,,11)' eri,l. \\1,31 ",main, out ~f thi, '<",,1,ing' ;" pa,t a nd f,,,,,,,,,
whid, though ~'" L"n,ideml "" ,~~ 'full hut )~>1Cn'ial' ",ali,;"'"
Thi. i, ' he S,oi<: re,..",,;ng whicb >ub,,,,,, .. re"~ty frum the 1'''''''''',
10 i, " " ..... '!MUll of Ihi. 1),., 11"", ... h :.so:riloes to floe Stoic. ,10,' 01';'"
ion ~lal ,iole i,,,,,lfi, uo< a !.oFUlg' ,"
Sud we", the m'ne" , UlTou"ding th e q,,,",,iun of time. I'I.,to,,"'"
r"c "'ruml~~' maiotaiuctl Ih." i, i, co",inuj,y i,,cif 'hat a..igm IJ"'~'
ali.y '" "" ,e," Chrpil'pu" how,-,,,,,,, rtjee" ' hi' """ " ion, He doe;
"0< alioll Ih", (0 re!:,,,,! li.o,. a. a COIlIU\UUm e",,,,1> :," u """"~ ') of
'he I".'"' '' ' , 01 'If the ~'-'; " " uf ,Jl<' I'''''''m 'imc_ S""""quentl)', he
'kwlopo ~ hau",y "f a'l(\lm,'nt' on ,hi, '''hje''' , \\,1.., the Swioo
"c.uall) did .-a, to dra,,' a di<tin<.io" b",."-~,,, ",I"" ""I, "cb a<
"""mal obju, or an nction '" IOllg "" it .ake, phrr l "nd ",h'"
;, ,,,,I ",web ;,,,.1\,00 " '.,~ri;.l ol!i""", .. "'e U :,' itlW>lJO"",I, ,,"cb
a. ,;mel. I'~rl",p , thi, distit ...'Iioll ch<dcd Prod", " hen I.., ""conkd
'h~ Swic ,; .... of 'im ....
'I'he", ha, he." ><Jme cri'i.j"m to my a...,.,Il""" of ;no;ocp<m:al,

it) b<;n!! "" clomeD' of euol""", .. ne11l to 'h< St.';"", particularly 1(1)"
.. SI',: n, 1&1.27,
.. Sj'~: 11, Ha, 26- JO,
~ sr~: 11, 1&. 23 ~:; ,
" s,',: n, 1&:>.37 ' 3.
.. s!'~: 11, Ill, 1 ~ --I3_
.. J\1. Km_." <iI., 28Il_
~ Sl 1: n, lGO, ' 10,

"'"
"pillion ,h." 'illCOJ1'O,.:"li,y' ao,i 'realily' a,.: 1<) ,hem incomp",;b!.-
"nt"I"!,<ical 'l "alniC>." It w"uld thell be no. ,,;1110,,' ,';'!.Iuc to pro-
, ...1, ><>me r,,,d,", daoo"";",,. so ,hal nO d"ul>l ,hQ"ld """ ",
Tl.., 'he S.oic. "K~nkd lime ~, on incorporeal ,,'hich 'cxi""d j"
thollgh" (<i"u,.W fQV .y,;"""~"",,, " i. a '''''imoll)' which ha. '"gnilieallt
,aluilic,";on'. Iksidc 'ho l<" imon)" of 1'1,,'art h "bo", t~11 0 I><:ing
,.,-g;mbl b)' (h< Sw .... . a, 1l(JU.b<i,tg' {ot.Iii.. o.m ~. ""." Se"".
ref",.. to ',1100< ,,1>0 <i<n)' the """,,cnce "fe><p"""i"", ", ... ilov)' ""po".
lug ,h:., "'~1' .'" 'not "nl) lh,' t:"ieo",;a ,," b", :Jso ,he SlOics..."h
a, ,h~ ,,"dcl", of !la.iIKh. ",'ho opin, ,ho,
,,-ha, i. incorport,,1 i,
nOIl'<xi"or'" (~~aiv ,'Vat '"
"","",n""." s.,x, ... mu" be J&,-CD omli'
,;nee he ",;d""l1), h.~(1 g..""""l crucial po;"" of the O ld Sw", par
,i cub,l)" it! dia lectic . In ,h;, COnle~, an inei,i ... ti;'lioctiO<1 pointed
,,.,1 ~) hh",,'lf sllO\dd bo' ,,,,,aJlc-d, <0 sp<:~k "f '!rum' 1w..~6f",.) i.
"no tlling. hu, 10 >I><ak of '",h., i, 'Ill.
(.0 <i~T)Il<:;) i, qnite a n"lh"L
']l,C!IC "'" Iwo ,li/fcrcu, ,hi"g' 'il, ' hree " 'a)", Iha' i" ill """"CC, ill
""mu"" io,,- in fone of rneaning'. It i ignilicau, 10 foUo" s.~""
!,<."D,,!: ou' ,h,' ,Wk""'c~ 'Ul """', .... ". ",.", "" I 1"'''' <:<:0 ,h,' ", 0 ,erms:
,bi, dilk""nc~ 'in "'""""'" i, porla),e(1 Ih,," 'Iru~, is" bod)' ,,h<rea.
',,'h .. i, 'Ille '" <i~f!9<,! i, inco."..,,,,.r." 'Tnah i, a 1>0<1; ' m'~Il,
la> I my"kf indica'cd c~rli~r 'I"",.il1g of ''''aILiIlI'lJ ,It< aCM,li,y of
"" f,o, ,akillg I'llee, To "'!' ,hal a body i. ttal i. an "'P'<!<i.o, which
is" ',,",,,h', ~\;, i. ao 'imp'",,,iml ' (~...'u"",\,,,, b", Ihis is n01 a 1....1)';
heing j"" a" "'I""".i,,,,. 1hi, i, vile of 'he ill~OfpvrcaL. "
J..;.-r<W).
Wc h,,"e Ihcll 1"'0 d iffiTe'n e"',... nli. 1 '''''0..,' bo'i,,!: diffi",,,, 'M
,impl)' 'in t(",ce of meanillg'. hu, ~l<o 'ill e>""",.' ""d 'in con"i,,,
'; O!l ', I ,'ll,c ,tal,!! of ,h" body. " I,ic h i, "n,Ih' w..o\ilt ,,, , 2 Tb<
"""...sW< of , )oj, "",h,). "hieh i. '0"".11, in g 'In'''' <iJ..qOI:;1, i, i, i, .... o'-
1'0,",,,1 .nd i, n", "anc,1 'Inlth' , \hi, i, a n,,,,,i,, '""ncthing' ,t" h,,,
,h i, ;, ,,,It <",Iowed ..-i, h 'h~ '''I",rior (~lt<>I(>gical ~"m<>ril)' >"ch a
)t.","o &.,,; Ut. hi, -n.. &<:. "" fl.oIi< , .nd """'P''''.!'' ./'" _, of
.\t~ $ ', J""" ,-00,. p. 73" orlening IQ on' """I. '~n ond ,he S,,,,,,
v.... or 1\",,,' ; - " . , tI""" " I .... v, ~l 11 . 19'J1, '"' ~J~O-!>.)l di~"",,"
"'l """""" . 1..... , the P<~')' ~hi<h j, ","",d to ,.,., lhoogI>' "'" or the ""'"
~ dO'k"""" I.. ,~~," ineocpoc.....nd inc<oop..-.," "''''1'.
" s...,", l :mJirio; u ~ " ...... .It. " m
. X.2Ia.
'; ..,.
".,,.... 5n; 11 . 11 1. W 1~.

~ """u, 1:" lornrn.. M"" .. , " ' _"'"', V1U .~!>I!; 'I'f: Ill, ~!>Il, ~8.
.. s."u, I:', pirin><. ,I ........,.-...,. VII .3/!; SI'!': 11, 12. 'R 39 .
., a 5<",,, f:.n,p;nc",. ,.......,., ,if,... ,W" \'11.2'2, S11: 11. 2" ~f(

201
that ..i1h ""hich bo::!>' ;", 'Ilu.;,,;.,

fu" what Aicxao Klcr of Aplo""hsi>.
bl.mod 'ho S,oiC! fOT: ho poi""d O"t their irL~bi~ty to ,Ieton";'"
""hal ;, '1><;,,);' /iv) . " d "'hal ;, :' '",,,,,,bj"g' I. i " demo",,,.,,,;,t);
Ihc;, Iogi<~j '1",,,\d"l) "Io;<h m~'~' 'hcm 'o""alw from 'be '1"0";0"
,,-h;,,1o Ih<:>' run" I.:en ash:d a"d to ""hidllhcy ,ho"ld I""" ",,,,,'.,,:d '
, o,o.~'''' tU ~.ol"l~"''''' ." If the" 11",a.-ch might he ,-,.garoe,1 '"
hostik ..;110<00> to the Stoic.. ami ell:" if l'ruel"" were too criti cal
of th"", Se,,,,,. Empi,ic,,' npl'"at" at th;, pomt r.,hcr ap,'I heric,
""I>o"io); ind;fr""'nol~ "ha, 01,, S'oO:' "'~Il)' s",,~i ",:d 0" th .. 00<0-
Iogic~1 difk,,,,,ce I><"",'"n corpo,,,.J, and ;,,",o'p<J,,,,,k the cont,a,t
wa. 3 . beer diffi-Tel,ec of e'!Cucc, tb e prir"arl" orotological au,hori,y
be;,,~ ...,ribed 10 bodi ... , In ',"",' or this, I """ no "'''''''b "'It)' c",di1
>ho"I,1 U'~ be IP,"n t<) lle,"!,I''' ' ' whu "',''''''' tha, 't bc StO;r< did
,,01 g'~'" tl .. , ;0<'<''1,."",1. "" "xi";~ in th,''''""I.-e,' I"o':"",m lap
~~ ""~x6)r,,, ..., . 8' fo.~''' I_''
I" an)' 'he f<,,-,.going a""",mc," applies more to O ld S~~cb11l
C',-e1" _
"",I "0' .0 m uch to 'hm la,,,r ,""-';on or 'h e ><hool whic h "",ld,<-d
0 ';;;'1'''' C, Slead wll. \0'
1b at lhis " 'as "'p",,,,,"'e<l by ,Iu". "ri,..,,:
'['I~, ,,'dl-kllO"'O Roman Ii"~'ateu' Se"",':, (e. 2 B.C. co A.D , 651:
'he frecd slaw Epi<:t<1u, f_ ~~ 135 k1).I: .nd the ~mpcror .\/arc",
A",di ,,, . 121 , Empcror 161. If. 180', . Ttoe>< tLinkon "'~n:: "iewc<l
with ' rmp., h)' by C hri"i .."" a",1 s.n.ca ... >< n"n ,uppose,1 to h ~n:
Con<" I>o"de,1 ",;,10 SI 1'.,,,1 Ilr...,urio,,, k n,", ;0 Ion dale fro'" 1he
'hird ,,, ["unh e-ent" ,) ,\U th ree hdic,..,d in ~ " ,,"crn,h"g pr",';,
,kne,', l..d",,1ie ,'i<". tc~d,
;'IS tlte ki, ..Jlip of th ~ h"m"" mi"d "ith C,"',
I" ",feTelI"e '0
the cO " <t,,,;on of tiUl~. \'. Gold",h",~h" ""sen,
Iha1 ~ h rcu, ,\ ",eb ,,, i; ",,,,, ,,11)' rollo,,'er of C Io I)~ ip"u'. H,. lak",
i, lh~' ~ bn' u,\ 0,, 1)' d;"cr-go'nc<' frorn caf l~ SWic;,m ;, hi, I><";m;,m
on th~ >L'h~,.J-M , Ri",'" on ,h" oth er hand. look\:, ,hat ;" Ma"",,',
en ,,'h;c.lo i:, >l1oftl)' I>do": OrigeJl 'h" problem of,i"", had 3 totally
ditfCrcTlt content from the c~rly Stoic Onc. To Z<no ~ml Chl),.i,~JU'
t;me ;, " "robl,.", of I'hysiu: tit,. 'llOe,,;oru "" ..eninS 1i"", an",
from die ""t,,~,1 oh,,"n,ion of borlic._ Thi, I'r<~lktn, thcro-forc. ;s
~ " 'F, [J, m . 1- 8.

~ SIr. n. l!O(), ,3 I~ ,
~ \ ", n"ld"hmkk. I, .~ _ .. " n ON .. '1-.p, 1'",;" 195'1\ I" 191,
'~ J ." R1t .,. "'-. p. 261,

~02
"(0' rd...,1 h, mornJi'y. It ;, from ,h;, P"'IH of "iew ,ha' "me"

,,-gnn:1cd n ,"",o"n cl:t,. prohl.""
T o ~1"rru' time", i,..,lf a moral I,rol~e,~. II'b .. "' the me;,""'g
th .. ""OF..! life m~) h.\>- onc" :dl ","t;on, ann '<fcumpli, I",,,,,,, ,,"'ill
,', n;,), i"", 'ri\'i"li,),? This ,,-a .' b"o"'' rl;,),~art~ni"g G,,"n,b,.,. The
S,oiti" " of thi, 1><:';<><1 ,,'" ,Ii"""scd h) ""wc
of fm""" iOOl ami
pO"' ~="=' which " . , nC'.'M' rc~ l l)' "''''':<)Ill<. 'n,i, i> ~['" ' he point
" h,,.., ,;me i,,,,lf;, rel",",1 to e'hic,. Now he", i1t h;' ,lluI;""""" ,10,,,
\I a", " , R-fcr to ~n~ dcf,,,;tio,,,, of ,io".\ . ""h a, Ihe.., alronkd h~
th e ~arlier SlJ;Jia ''''''0 or C hrp.iPP"$ <)r .\pollodoru" ,,(Or;' ,he
,Idiniti o" of time"" " wh", i. of nHeTe", 10 him when he dc~l .
"ith 'hi' prohkm. It has been argue,l that in .\ Iarru'' time Stoic;'",
h~d ,legeneTated i",o "" "ri<1 moral"'n. J..\ 1. Ri" )''''',,''
tha, ,hi,
is a mi'leading g<'",raliaoot>. p" h,' ro"eed<-:; tha' \I ~,...u' ,lu",Ii",
I"'ho ""'-' ~ware of man)" ~f ,h" ,heo,;,,, of Ih~ ~arly St"" h.d IosI
th e >c'u< of 'hoir iUlI.)rt. 1le ti'<1bM' m"in,ai". tha, the tu n,i"nrll
tnl imerrtlatiou>.bip of ethiC' and J>h)~ico ha. el uded ~1are". ,"
Mo"i,'1; 0". I , hall . 1", m:, k ~ a hrief ",f,"'",,, '0 110,i" " ,' ,k"
of ti n' ~. T o hi,,, 'u~e ;, o,,'olo),'ieaJly M~u~d '" Ifro ,I", bf<" of ,to<
Su1 in ,I", mol;" ", h) ""h"h i, "hang<" f,,,,,, >.>'>< 1'1",,,,, ul lif~ to
au,~hcr. "" So timc, .. ",,11 a, ' he mo,i"", of 'he php;",,1 ..-,,,101,
"'" dd Ol ed in 'erm' of life >rId !"otiou, "';Ihi,, 'he Soul", ,,,c h.
Th" So ,,1 pariah, of both ,he 'piritu,,1 " 'orld abd 'he n",,<"';al
WO' Id'" ~()(I i, i, i, self "'hid> pn.>duce. l>01h ' ime .nd ' h~ p hy,ic-~[
,""orld . It i. 'h~" th " d'-sc~n' of Ihe ...,,,1 '0
,he mo<;"" of 1I,i, 10"0'
"",Im tha' g<' ''~rn.''' tin",. ,\11 php;cal mo, ion ;" 'in 'ime', bn' 11..
,,,ooon, (namel)'. tlte life of ,he Suul iBelf arc uot in ti me."" Tunt
origiJ ' ~,~. throolgh ,I", ,bire of ,b~ So,,1 (0 'raosla , ~ ;010 ph)",;",,1
r,,~l iI)" " 'ha' i, h,d "i",:tIi'ed i " ,h' In<r"~ .pirit",,1 " -orld" 1'h<
Su,,1 g<",rat". tim" ",i,h i" i,,,,lf a, an image of "<nti,)" primaril)'
f~r i'<cU; b,u ,,,I<'lu< (\(I), for 'he phy>ical ,,-oriel "$ ,,,ch. '" Th " .
the 11"ouic notion of tnuc ru, ~;, .1", "'diu!:unc,[ , 'Il,c uotio"
tlt a, tio>< ",""'-' ;" maiol~;ued in a ..,nse; for time;" reg""led ,,. ' a
,~ ('I>. ,~.. pp. 2Il"l-S.

"" I..." (l1.n .
~ ' F_ . ' .8,(1= 1J],o;.l{; n!'8,~; IV .~ -', \ '({,I6; " '.11,3-
~ F--'>, (11.7.13.
"" F-,>, (11. 7_3.
'"' F_. n1.7.lO,

203
,'",0 of ,he Soul "<Jl",i"iug of "I'cnl",ing motkm, from " ..... 'ph"",
of Iif. to """,iIM-'.'" Ikyoud aU these. h"weHr. the n ... in ontologi.
cal ,Iefu'hioo, of time in 110,;n\" ;, ,b.t ti,n. prol'e' "' lift.
"I'Pro""hing tbe -",<o"d ami r,,,, "c,,""'c, !:I.C. i[ ".' ~ l!"'"cF.1
'ymptom of the "'" t" ,...,k rd"gt: ill ",le<tici;m. ma inl), from I~ .t".
Arutot l, , " d the ~toico. Thio h~I'I>Clle,1 "'th 'he 'I"CShOU of time ,
too. In thinkc", ",ch iL' Don,e",Jo:.< (of the " Iiddle Aca<lc,uy. I',,,,,,,ti.,,
ami I'""itloo;",. there i, an "PP"""o' ""le<tid'm nnd .ynct<:t;,m 00
.he q ,,,,,,uon of ,;m,. On .10" oth"r h:'nd. S.X"" t:mpiricu' <k,,j
Of". I~""'I)' of argumeu", in o.der to pr""" th" "",,,.Iitl' ~vu.""",,
,~ of ,ime. '.. It "''''" die era ", he ll tbe h;'toric..1 l>cri(~1 ,)[ .aeutiflC
i"",iraoon a",1 rule, had nUl 0"'. nn,l the blo,n hu",,,,, ooi", "'",,
"'" for i'.o.uW/gt. hu, for ... /mtum. ""
Wi~,iJl 'hi' COt"""'. <I.... Gno.,ic .,ti,utk ,<""anI:< I'me ;. i'''pin"<l
'''" h tll< d<."ire to attain '0 ,.;iontifrc knn"'I,~ of it, b." tn be
Cll""lciIK"",1 froul it . III "mc " i th their o,-.:mU h""iI< ""iUK!e toward.
'he ,,otId. ,, hkh thq' rt"gankd '" ...i l. they ... ek ,,,h-a,ion . not '"
I'me, I ~"-""," tim ... K"gomolg ~l. t,.;"~ - ;" - Ih,, - "orld a,. f.1[," stale
tro", al' origh,aJ .. ate "f frffdOOl. , bdr aui ",,!.: '0 ti",~ " i'''l'i"," r"r their beiog ill <1",,<1')- .ml ""n'i
",dc.' " So 'heir "n<kne),;, '0 al1",d it and den)' it"' " 'lie' or. '"
le" ... to ''''''''';1. Tb~ Gn""ic ,"';nd i, '1)'''1: to e",ape the ",,..Idl)'
",alit) ,hr,,"gh m)'m<~ogical Ihough'- It, ,hi, thoug ht. a1<'mp'" " I,
i,) and kmpomli,) Ofe mingled ,,>gether. "-' th,' Gn",,;,; [ri,,, ">
adli"w a 1'""",",,1 ' rc.LlIT""tio,, ' "rod 'I"'"<c,ion ' , Llot through a
prote", in time. bLl t rather throuw' " ",,)-.tic eXI>Cncocc.
!k"de ,hi> ,,,,,,ji,ioo 0",,,,,1;,. ,I", ",neg;"c"<l r;""k ,ie,,". as "'cU
a. tl.., G nO>1ic o,,~) ma" " ... , the R i h~cal ~tti",dc . Whether a "",,,it...
m"",iom Hebraic c<)'lC'l~iol1 of time aC1L"'Uy ..i"",1. (lr not, i, "-
'IUO>1"," .,I,ich I k.,. moot for th< time b<;; ng. Wh", <xi",'<i 'hoHgh
w." 'he i"t<",e or;"utatiou ",,,'.rd. the fut Ll re ami 'he expoc .."iou
tor r"lfillm~'" ofth~ di,;n. prom;"" . ", ,mte,I; " the Old Te'tan,e", .
... E....... tlLl . W.

,~ ~_ . Ul. l :l6ff,.....,.. " " _". X. l U'>ff.
... cr. W"rINoKl, W _H6moorth. It .. l.d' - M G . _ M /, ;", /1. , p_ 21G.
'. Cr. It .C_ ru."h, "G",,",", ...1 n"",-, from .1,.. - ' ./..., I'rincrtnn, 1913.,
pp. 38--8.' .

.' ,Ad
w.,. . '. ''''"''''1:)

'"~ ' 9 ~r'91\
,fV"JO'N 'to ~".L " .
""""'I)""'"'0 -""0'.1 " ,
" , -.>W!' JO " 01 '''';).JdJ~lUI "! ,<I.'!Do f'ln.. p Ll " .;)111 II~U.""JOll.)lld. U .., un!"
n"" '."~n~J. 1" >ll..,<:d Sltp 'U4 1 p="'. ">OOJ,!:) 'V '001>"11' ."lIJ"-'
";1''' C ' '''I S! "."""J p"" m,.,l.ld ' )"",1 QIQ' """"'''''!!'
' '1' "'IJ'
<! ,l".
0 , " 11"'" nu!,,,.1. ~p. '<llll "0 'IW .. I"'! " 'P "'1 )"""Po> >.1""'.1.,,,,,,,,,<1
_"P.<1 """ lJo","!-,!P ly:x&.[o'p.l<d ~Il' 'p ''',,! "''lID '''I t " 0 ' :>'\OW "'"
''''1' Jl""'! ~UI!' ''''l'
lIo! ,,!do >11' "",opu~ _']ltl u,().,,,1 PI"",'" -"'!()'S ' l(l
'~ II"-"'~ "I IOl'''Y "",. ',mo ~"''' ~," n """l"od ~ IOu '"'I
';U01"kl
-un" I! '1'''''1'>;) ',)""" " 1' j<> H'Ju"~.m ,,, .. 0011"< ~ "" P'I"'::',. '''1
0 ' r ."",JI 001 DO!U;"'U ue '! ....."'-"0'1 "! 'l L .,,~, J~"" 1'" lIO!'''Ll
""1' d" S"'1C' ''''1' '..,,,w "''I'
" wn 1"" -;li"!"'j U~W t"l '! " :'''''!o'
Il""'-"'" ~ ."q'uwd U.""J. >ll""..,.l '"!I''' ''''''1'UV ' p."'~JJO -"l PI"'"
'WJI'I""I 1"""I,k.o;;"I"ld JO """,,,,,b<~ "1<},,,,,, .,U~ ~Jo." ~ 'l,n, "! '"'I'
!l... I ~~"' ,'41 PI""" . ,," 0to.i ''''~'I,lo<ol ''l d ~ ...~,~ '''1' 'IQ P""" ~'CO\
'll,!,P'!P"! ,,~ ,P. ~,,!ur!~ U~,!.>d,U'" "' !'~-"'<l t\l~, U :J.>q'""u 'Q .;~,"
""'0 " ! 4'~'" '1"~1' "P-"D ~'II 'P! LI ,., <\L o!,.,n!> >q ' II~ l"'~ 11R"" JO I~l
'&IO,1";W) ",,,,,,,,d 11" '",,,,{,k><"I" I,1 "~ lIodn 'PlLO, 0, ""o.'~"P"~
"1 'Plop' ,n ~'o." ~ 'SY"'O 'I{I ,.,..;;y ~>O." '''''''{wo> "q ,,' ~""\
"'I' 00 ;'" 0, p~,! "4 Il~ " "'!'
JO~ ""''' JO "''''', I"""''''{ ~I'' ,,~ ,~
1'>pJ~ '><1 '. ''"!'".I.JO lL~"""" '!'I' PI""J >"'''''''"'1 ",""",.. OU "0
,,;.':"1'
1''''' '0" ,''''''
""(I ;>d,;"'ru"1 "I' "! " '" '{' ~UI,!' IHI" <1nl' ~ "" .11" '1'" ;;J. 04"
=4' JO IloL"""d "" ~L{I " ~'I " "4,1. ',\."-,&,,,, '''O!''''n~J ~" ~\I "(P
JO 'UV!'O'" ('!JOIlur." Y' '''O!IOU '''{1 .... n l. ~rl 'P!'l" ) '! L~ 'l' .,.w'"
~U! I '.J '> 'LL Jljuctp '! "'01' JoU "W'U IOU '""'I' ""L.I. .~~,~ tl:!I\W 'I '
'>'WIl' "4,\\ >\I,,!:><\ LJ ~LJm'l )n'1 'U.wur '"'I' >L',!' '0" ' ! '! Wql <{""(lW'
~ II ....."'~, "'-"" ''''{I "01'''11' ,'!, 110 p""'yq LJo ..""rlw, ""':J.Jf'lo,
""I .". ""U I"Joo.l(U~l ~ l'K'q~ 'UO~"" ~4' n~ ,~"'~ J~'" JO ~"I" ''1'
1'i>4dn 4," "(!"V ~L I Ol l 'I'I",,,,,d\ ''''!'~.L ..... " (J""d>.n<~ JlLL
'~'h~! J~I''',!lJ'~1 "1'1' "0
1I~1I!,() P'4J~>.J 'P!4" "'!J'P"'I ~ JO ~ v"'k 0' ~U !"wn .,""~'u " !
p~,"~J' "~." LJ "''' ",.~)Jd , ~' " JO uo!,,> ,, h "'I' 'J""",'>O I I ' ,,','w~'''.L
'I.'", "'I' 'I"" 1'.>.11,,[,"" ~,nldu"" '1"(11 Jj,,!U~.UJ .'1' 1~1J' 'n""
.~i"" " ~I'\l .Llp lOo'J.li" Oj 'ill"OOOJ" .~~\]nlC ,un >.In'''J .'LI' '1"c,..,oo
I'~"""'! P
"! 'U~>LJ OJ D !~' LI 'q' 'P!'l" 0, lI"!pJ""'. '4lilloql JO .>pOll '
~ "'r"I'i~'" '''01''''1"' JO ,,~p.J ~ '(I Uv.wud SIl!"'! .I'IIJ"!,,u4:J
"" ~,u.""'O
'"
205
Thi, . I",""""". ;" =,e.tly th. 0\1>o';t.: "f ",ha, Ta,ian act\L'U)' ,10:.><
For it to tbo: 'phe""""ona!;,,tic' and "Uhjtttili"ic' concqnion of time
tha, Ta';"" co"'"p",o",I}, ..dIU' ''' .....g:'''hng i, a' an ilh,,;on. TI~
,'ic,," hrill!ro T~ti:." cl".., enough IQ ,I,.. ,\,;'''otciWll Alc ...,,<!,, of
Aphro,;,i" (ft _ <. 205 ,\,1)_ ",ho held thal 'he 'gmc"" ion' of ",I""
;, ""Ue.-! 'im,n,,,' '" in ,be min<!. ,,'
With ",ren:11C< to time , th e 'enu 6,oo"l~" h.d ab", l><:e11 Lt""] by
l\,henagor" , ,, ' Tm, t"rm ;, ibu"d in 'he e.pr=;Ob '''Glial .. "".
,ion, of ,i",e ' t""""p,,,_ xr><'wo~ 5'''b,~~,,,, ,~I. "' I\u' il is doublf,,1
,,-h~th<r ,hi . L'Ou" i""", an ou'right S'oic intlu<oe. . '" [ .~uc
prcocutl)'. m.re u'"'go ,A" tit.. 'erm 6.o'''''IJI'' al,)O" i. no' ,,,Hicicnt
tor 'he ..,Umt";O" of Stoic in/lue"c< .0 be ground ..! ""lidly. The,."
;" nothing ,,"ally "."nh ",emiODiug whic h A'h'n.~g<>o"'''' did ,,,,,,,,,,1,
f"r",ub';on or ~ co"co'e'~ Chri";.,, , .;"". of lim". III his da)' 'he""
,,""-, ,~,f"'i 'cl)' "" ...,phi"ic~">1 <un".",iot, ."ch '" ,ha,
",h;',h Or i!>"n
ini,iated li'n- on.
Th, ,-ari'gation On , it i, que"j"" durilt g ,ha, earl)' period of
f:bri:s,i;",i1), can 1><' bene. l'Oi",",1 000" ,llJ'Oough <I", ""d) of abo
"",o<l,er f:hru,;",,' " 'ri,"r: ,,,,,it """.
i, i, O1J) Ta,i.'''' bri"f "" " '-
m,'n' " 'hich hs <Jlj"p,d "'u"h ."emion am,"l~ "hob",. S,ill ,I",r.
i, aDOther ,~'" ,,hieh. a, fi" a, i KU"" .., ha, I><cu neglectrd hj,h
er,,,. I "'fer to J u!litt . ",ho w""
""''''1'''''1)' to A,hell/l.gord', I" ~
,,-or. l'"rl'o.,,,1 '0 r~f",. ..."'0 "i""'~ of Ari"OlI~. I". r, .... ' lW''''
Ari,""<lian p,... gco ."d ' hen Wlt<-', hi, 0""" a'l(l,mcn" ag~i'", oh"".
,\, " numocr of 1'00"'" ' he rC'''kr can .,'" 11"", oJthoug h .I usti" .-.jo.-n,
",naiu Ari",-"d i,n ,;c.,,. (.Hch a, l><"gin ningt ..... """ and iufmi'y of
time). he remain. ""ha f.tithful '0 the Ari",,,dian ,;'''' of time ""
a ""mlx,. of mo,,,,,,,'"
" K. ~;" ,oI.J.o_ ", ~"" f"W. Zi"'n~. ",~ of ,\ph<>""""-

0. "I;""", ""-'it.2' 1'J6:2 . PI' ~109
, ,' A~... 0. II""",,,M. .I/~ ... M pr; 6,1{t(ni.
" ,\,h<nogvn.,_ .,. "'- _ 'OOS. I< .. ""r...t..ot. <h .. \L "","""'to bd'''''''' <ho,
lh< SI"" inlIu<,..-, u,"" <ht. '''''r CM..... ~,;,'" doe> "'~" f"nI .. , ""-,, Cle" ....
of Al<~ri., ~ M, s,-...-",. If "'" ._ id I'Im i< rf,rlu. 1'1 ..... 19" ,
P 306.
1\"';01",_ o,w-n', 1U .. l<m<otaI "ir~' <OD tIN- ""',." of nm. ~ "-'<011). <hil<-r,," fnon
'h... of PIUIo'~ F"" <It< 1..,,,,
<!earl!' hold! ~ <o>n<rp<ioo of ,;.....00 1"-"-
~'" tI\iI, u.. """"'" 1k ,,;.0,' ~ -lh<'
_.oUiIio So. 6.~2,
."'.....,p"
""d " 000<1 10< tiu .. ", ~ Oru
,~J""""" ~brtjT, Philukl'h ... ('...~ I I " ....... I. - ' _ I'G 6.15251f
Tk )""U'" 10 "hich ,,-,,fer .,. I ~Z51J. l ~za " C. 1 ~29A, 15HC. ' ~3!l. \ "0<,

'1 hu a' lh< ,imo ,.. ,\,lknag<wdS and J""in l,h3' i., m<J'" <J' k ..
rut)' ),Cd " bcf.,,,, Origon) thc C bri.ti..lI ",ri,c", wcr<: gro'pi ng fo,
""" ,;, .... of 'u~e. 8", 1I,cr~ ".", no ,ld;Ili1< <I,eo')' ,S!~I~; 'h",1 ,.. a
Om';"" on,-. Lea" of all doe, ,I,,' quc"i"n of 'im" . if I"""d ~, ~U,
"",m 'Q h.,.., ~,~"yed unanimi,, a ln(mg Chri"ia,...
I "'" <IOw goiug to """ " 'k" Origt:lI h'" in tht [, "', pkt<e 'ru,d to
" ren.wo .x,.", "mplu)'~d ,he fond.>mc,,,,,1 <,,,I)' S'oic l><o'C<l"'o"
of ,im, a, """'..... fo,mulg hi, O,,'n ,->c" ill Ij n~ ,,'i,io lu, ""crall
th .ological p,i"cipl... In cloing so. h, ,deC1.d fmm !h, ' SlOic phi.
I(()phr wl"",~", ;ccm,od '0 him a, hdpillg '0 'ho 'q>,,,.,,nt"'ioll
or hi, 0",, idea of tinlC. l\ncrthcb>. bc)'ond "-h,,,,,-,, migh' be
....g:"'1ed of St,,;C origi". T ,hall "rgue ,hat the,... ;, " 1l1l~lue ro~
tril~, 'ion of Origt:n him""lf 1""-..o:J.s th,' f""n.tion of" .... d>Call) n",..
CO rl COP' of'ime . T h" " .'" "c'HaIl)' a f.'. t ,,hioh had a cl",i';,." ,,' ill
no' .dll ",,-kdgcd a, y~' impllC., ()Il 'he C hn.tian ",;'c'> of lh<
rCD,,,,i,,, ru'n him,
" b n:a"'n.~Lle '0 a"wlle !hat Oril<"ll "". ""'are of ,be S,oic
t "'~U""'n of t;m,' ""d It.. cri'>c;'m "I:',i,,,( it. Thi, """ l><: ga'h~red
not <Jnly flVm hi, genc,,"Il)' ac.kno"kdg<d "n~!itio n. tH" also from
hi. p,oti)ulld l nowlcdgc of mc Stoic (io(,ught a ""o,.,-Iedgc which
",llJd, ou' in hi, Coot.-o c,!sum.. Still timc i, a ,ul!ioc, UP"" wbicb b~
,oud"" only ocrMiouaUy. H< ",a; nOt im".-e.,ed in con'f>O,ing ~"y
tu! It "-.-all",, Oil ,[me prupcr. Th" a .tu,l) of lu, "" ,;'" " -od< (por_
ticula.-ly 'hat I'""",,,,'ed in the Grod: o,igillal ,<x, ",,,,,ab he""",1
douh, tha, It< d~1 lo"",,[;,,c " ec"aiu couc"I'("'" of hi> 0"'-". ' l1,i ,
i> co " "~"~)' pn:o<", i" I'; ",in: 'h<~. i",l",ing ,Iu, """,,,,iaUy
nnd d"<fTtoj"ahl).
Oti!:,," "",'" Sl<:Mci.sm '" 0\" tu"" ,d." 11.. I'h;l...o)plo). ,,' ""l'n..... d
hy ~h"",,, ,\ ",ei iu., <li,pt..)~ ,}' ml'(om, of <leg< "" ..... ,,'" "'1(1 Sl~k
,,,,,"c . TI~" b<- w,", well acq""i,,'cd ",i,h early S,,,ici,,n wa> his ~(""n
"'!!". For h< w.." "w.u~ ofthc ,,1,,* hiioori<,al p"'"''''''
aud. l"nicuLlr/y.
'h e ',,olu,io" of ~k"" " 'hieb h"d ..,<""",all), l('d ,Iu, philo.ol'b) ' 0
" n,,, n~ ounUl bl~ 'I "" n<l:,,)'_
A, 1 haw pointcd OU', (he [<nu .!"';""lPu .10'1<' in " n ... ,,.
phra-'<nlogy i, not .uHicic n( gl'm",,1 '0 ... abl;'h S)ic inlh,cnc~ . I'hi,
would be "'er<: iudimtion ,,hicb ucro; '0 bc bll """",d "p ,,'i,h

207
m"", ""lid ,,;d ., . J maU a<ld".e thi, c,;"knce in d u" <""r><:. [n

the fir-t place ,bough , 'he "'!:IIe,,;on thm time i, he ld to be a lind
of exte.";,,,, i, 'M,I" by Oril(l'n bi,n ,df. lu l"OtHf..,t. I,, """cr u''''
,,',rn, "hieh ~~,." "" """ "ly
""old Iw rc",ini","ent of ,;, her th, I~,''''n;,'
or tbe ,\ri "", d ian 1",,,,cl't;,,,, . T im e i, .".... and)" ",,,,,,,:led .. a li.,d
of '.,InI""" la'''''I1)~"t
I k '1>Cal<> of 'tlti, 'C11lI>Or,,1 a,n,,;o,, ' W {p<>V' .'" ,,,,,m /i""'l1)IIa ,"
ami the tem poral e~,~",ion il5l:lf' 1...~t6 M to ~p<>V'~b-o 5,6:",~~",. ,,'
Li ~ c,,- i .. , (q~()"ng ~nd .~ p b inj ng , .... p."'~ bI, in M~", 20. I 16'
,he", i, n;kr~nc" to '<x,~,, ';un. 16((,(("~p<",, l.>ct.,,-ecn th e third the
sixth and ,h. uintb bour', .. , ",ell .. , 11 'c~'C,,-'liOD' Ii,o-,~~a) f"""
th~ li me of M""" \ultil the time of J"'''' Chri ". '" In the .ame ",-'ork,
he ,tilt"" on ,h. deeper ,ocaning oftbe orriptum! ', h",e eq ual exn,
';on, (, pin i<m 3 ,,,,,,,~~a,,, Ibc~"'c"nJ ' he third ao<1 ''''\.h ~(\d oi"th
h"ur": abu, " f th e '"",.I!er """,,,",,. ' (u..u" ...... Ii,,,,,,~~,,) b"''''<"n thc
.b'<nth and ,,,'dr,h bour; ~ n d of the '<x,.",ion Ii L <i,,"l~ fwm , h.
d""-,, llDlil 'he third boil c'. ,., ,\ cco,d'"gl)" 'he 'e~'e",i o" of one ,b)"
I~,ii<; ~~"""<; 3'''''~''t<>;) is COOlp.n:d (0 'he dur~,iOl\ of .~" ,'mi",
"""" (riw OMv aiiOvo ).'" I" ""r,.",,,ee '" [Ju.,
he .-dlrt'" 01\ scri1>-
,ur.1 temporol ,erm, CQn.id<ri ng them .. p'",a'l; alludi"g to ""ual
"crnpo",1 ='cu,jo", (~""" ..,;,. Ii'''''''l~; " 'thi, lif,' i, a ,(W/ " 'birb i, ,,,,I kc~! ~) ~1I ",e'"
(~ N.P Q ~(oo;, t.b . " .. "'''' ""a~"'" ."rv&<wp.....,." '" I" th e
", mc ""in, th,,,, i, ,,,feft'nee 10 '~riI of timc' (j;ij,'oo; X"u'Qu ','"
I" compliance ,,;,h ,hi> w"'''I'';o" of t;mr a< ex .. ,,";on, hum ao
.ction i11 ti rue ;, rc8ord.d '" " """le
of ",liki ng. 'n"", i cOm,
,ucm abo,,, those ,,-1.0 '<Ii<l (10' k '"jk lb~ k''I1 n,,;' oug h' '0, nor did
th~; earr)" ou' th,' "wko ,he) ough [ to' "Vt-r N.~ ~~ """"iU\' ,&'"
'" ft.l f"', la;

,. 110/. AI "'~ r>=K ..... point. ~" . ,,, u., "rn, .<",...........
<1<-., ..,.
"I"'ri..od <If lime, W< " .urn """"DO of K. "....,ly dN' "'l"<<<<=nd M,I,"<",
of CI,~,. ~, .. to .\I," 2~. 3(: ~ ~ 0.1.0 ,"";"" ... " "'''. in U", 1""''''''', loo
"'"''' '" "'n~ .. ""'.<o"in!" tiro('
, _ I f " " ! 5. H.
'U to ,,~),
,~ -.11.... 1;. ~'Il.
'" J<Q., x..~\'1I, (3.

,~ MO., XX\"U . ( I .
~ ft'jolt, 102 11; italic> minr_
" vIh.2:I, PG 12. 12G' : 'al>~ ,ni"" U., """" ",~""",,,;n ><{) .., I'C 17,61 .

""
~'P"'''''t11'''V """ ;;, Qpijv ~p6~'" tt~,,,,,) and .peaM or 1he
""/('''& ,,,,,,..rd, ~\e ",aHz~,i<>" of .,;t1'~ .. I~ <>&.""'' ' ;,;
f<l ''''' rov
. ,,; y..... 'u, 'Otijo", rf)v ' ili &"",ij, ~'"",u..~ . '" AI,., he "",e, II~"
' h~ ,..h" hew", ,,-;th ,he "o"I. of Je>", Chr;" " hen he i ' prc-
limi na.,. .. ago ,,f c~ cn:i,.., stiU ,,-all.-. ~1()Dg 'he tough ,,,,,,I, which to
th e l>eginuc,," "'ern; 10 be ""'1'. dUll ,;01"",1 )' r~IM'''''' the kiHgdoru
of he",,"'" which c"" """d "ok,,,,,,' "1"'41;<' pi.,. '~v lloo14"'. ,0,.
wr<tvoiN, Pt". ~..,)Ih'Q"""." ". In ("""'{?<ht. the """h.OO)"l(iClI pc ...
Cq";OD of actiD!o[ ;n ,im< ;" p"n"'p:d ,hrough ,he "pee,""" 'the
".... which !o:,.ru ab,,,-, all he.wcn; (rilv 'l"'pot<rm' 000 .,.; fa ~.,.po:\"UI
K""'O,. t"'"
""pm' ...... '" In the ""'rue work. h< 1",,,,1,,1'> upm' ,be
Mr.",,,, unp"n,' " of the feml <i~xlj. i" " " kr 10 afford ah ex"S<o"
to the I'assag<! of John I, I ') " ,I.,. b<-g,,, n'ng ,,~, ' he l.<lg"s ('Ev
ap(ii ~" b .\&y.:.;."" \l'h, ., 'he a nalpi. come.. '0 ' h~ meaning of
apl~ '" ~, thi, ;, t<"g;rd"d ""i,hot .. " I><ginning of UlO>'C_
., ."nt lof ~ I~""",ic m.row. ~ of ctnui,)", uor ", " bcgi""iog (,A"
"h)' Ari"",di,, " """'bit'). Qui,e ,..,mark"I>I)" ,be """1>0",1 siRnjlic,1,iott
or i. is pojn,.d up ,hrough du' s<a"'mcm 'h~, apx~ dcnOl.e, '...,mc-
th ing lik. ,I", beginn ing of. ",ad':
One m""" ;"g ",re...." chAnge.nd ,hi, J."-"'""Iin., ., i. " .....-e, '0' tOa.houId t... ou. l< .... ood ,10 .. P""'''_ "hid. i, 1'"""",,,,1 i>y d", I'I,r~..
'to ,10 ju ,tic< " .-..L>t<> 10 ,he in;,i., n."", n , .nd ",,,,,,,,,, I""" ;Q" Ird."" 1
'0 lOOs<- ,b. , follow. I ,Iun' it. ~ ",,,I ~ is u, ,b" oo-r. 1k<1
=tor.tion I.. e.""," ~'''': is "0 VU" ,,"en' ), Idt a1 ~,." ti'n", if i",k1
,I" ".",,,,,,00 bold> 1rue 'Fur h" ""'" mgo ""Iii )", L", pu, all hi>
.,,,,m;,,, und",. I.. r..." ,\0,1 'h" 14>1 e,,,,,,,;, tt) I", <ieoIroy,,)" ,"'ath.''''
For to <4at """ 11""" "'ho loo", """"" to Goo 1>:au,," of 'he l-",!,os
"'hid, ~ i. "ith him' >1 ~' ilI h.w" rot,,<ulpi.>,ioo of G<od .. th<i, ""d,,
~". ><ti,it). th ... b.,ing I""," .ccu""d) form,d' " in 110< """,kdlP'
of 11", ~'. Ii "", 'hq mo) .11 thu> b<><:otne a""., .lloce """ <I", Soo
,~ .-11... 17, ~, .
" .1."""- n'.

' ~ 19, ;o;X,
," .-J<h.. I , X\,I
.,. ~J<h.. 1, xn
" . """, 16,;
,~ 1 c..-. I~, ~~ .
,~ Cl,lOOn I. I.
'" er G.I, " 19.

""
>loo .. h." kn('..... ,ne F ..",,., Fo< if "",OOOn,' """uld di1igo, ,,I)- ..... ,,_
i,," "*'" it ;, ,ha, ,1."", ,h;oll ~"",. oh, h'h" IQ "10",,, 'k So" ",loo
Iw., kIlo",,, tloo htll'" n".,.,,", hi,,,. and ,10"0'101 ..-< tto .. the onc ",1>0
"= _, >cc. 11"'-"1gh a sW., <1",IJ(,''' "",, )'C' h~'i"8 1;n""'"D '"" h<
""gb'
10 k1oo","; '" I.. "'''''-", 1>.. rigl,' in "'ying 110., 00 OIIe I.... 010"'"-,,
theP.,,!te,
,-~-en if be be an "I"",Le or 1""1'"',''' hu'
it "ill CQo"e t"
PC'" K""""" ' hey bc<""", ooc" r~"'l Son "",I 'he r~th<r aT< <lOo.'"
Bu t if "nY'-"'" .a...uJ(1 d.i,,~ ""', '" h.." <llgre""'" by ckriJ}ing 011<
l1I<oniO~ of 'bcgiJUUJlg' ,,,,0:1 Dlaking ,b"", "'mart ......, IOU>' ,1\<"" ,I",
'h" ,1i,Q ch, ,,,'" """"""') ...1 usd'uI !Or ,I.", ~1Ucb;, lO I~ ' ""'1'1.i, ... L
Fo< ir 'hewnni", h." to <10 "i,h <10.,,11" .ncl """- a,,,1 kntrA ,,,,d
Th< beginning or. """,I.o;>d;, to doj'"'1icc" " it ;'I"";bk." I",,.,,
t1,., "'-<'ry !!,,,,,I ,,-,,,,I 10", >011><""'" d...i o~ ju,tice' . . . be~Ol\ll l g
..., qfIn IJr. .".."iot, """'''~'''!;OI' . .,od in ",I,a' "..,,,,,.,, ;T ha. ,-"".
kmpL"ioo. ' ..
I" [hi; P"''''gc Origc" p"",ides Ius ,ie" of the [cmpo,.l m"aoi"8
of oif'l~, a. '""ginn ing'_ IVh., i, m,,'e, he "llude. '0
'h~ row," d' "U
of tim < it><:lf. os he dtad )' imJl~'" ,h~, 'hi> ltmponoJ '",ad' i. tlot
wa)' aim,!! "'bid, "" i011.>I ""'.>tu""'" ",ill 'walk' .,,;'-i,'!! "",,,,,Is .. """ion.
The ""'1'10)'"'''''' of 'hi' f~u-", of 'I"""d , "<m'SI' [jn'" '0 bo- ao
ex,"" , ion. ID ,Iu, = pcn, i, is 001 aee ~ie,,",i ~,., time ;",If i, llk""c-d
to "' "", d '" a letlgth_ ' \h h"ugh ,I'e tenn t" h~ expl. itoc-d at ,hi.
I~)i,,' i ',ml>Ontl Oil<" I,," md\", b<giMini, ,10< tex' i. f,,1I (/: ,poJitJi
n01iom. by Ille.'''' of ,, h;" h time;" figurtd .. ,.,/MM.
Tbe " of
,he",' 1"""';;'1" d"moo""'~,", mal .,.h"""",, Orig" " ",r.." 10 'Ull " or
alh'Qe' ' " it hy ,,,,,on, of f'<'rtillCll [ exp",";o", he "1..... )< i",im",,"",
i[a. " kind of ~-"1<''''~''' . I "")' ~ kittd of ex" ",;" ", Ix"""", he i, ,w
, ,,, iT<1-,' C""'~OI ,,;,11 'h e ",ag<' of ,h< '~rm "'en.io ,, f6uiof1)pQ
alone; or. , le,"'. he doN- om "'cl th' "'e'" " "p loy"' o'" of 'h;"
",nn ca" f" 11)' n']> ,,'s<' " ' his I"'rc<"]~ ion of tin"'. F,,< "', hoogh c~I""
,io" i, i.,<It.-cl an """ntiaJ <k~"iOOll "f ""Ita! 'ime 1"01"" i" ,h i, in
"0 "-OIl' c" n he rc~,,,d"'l a. an <x1~tLJ "i,'e acwn ,lI of 'he '11I<"i'''L
,~ 1 Co.. 13. I~_

,~ 1 Co._ 6, 2.
'M Cf. P+,lo, 3, !>,
, . ) 00n 10.:10.
,~ I'roo.-. 16, 7.
,~ """'IJooIo, I , .-..",. ".:;.~ ,.,;...

~IO
-n,,, dcei,;", i""o\,.ti " " pi"",,,d b) Ori)" " -'" the i'''rOOOlctiQII
"f the .crm C"l'1f(tPf~,,;v<J60, (1" "" .tr~td,~d 0'" oJ""g<-id< "ith
in th~ "om~ucl.tu",of ti lll e_ T his is a tefm prc~n.~"t with m~a"i"g
"""I wl><"",'"r it" poi"" to time Of wait" 1() indic;,," a ttTtllJOr>l
fo"ow", A P""") j " 'Xfl~ot, reatb .$ folJo,,',:
By 11>< t<rm ""OIl h< "Xd", tI1< period of I",ow, ti!C, ill ~l< UW"O<'
tI"t Pan] .. )~, " .. ill eat '''' ,,,ut ,11 tI1,. aeon . .., ,hot I " 'ill oot oca_
...", , n' pta';"" t" 1nl' 1"",10,,'," he ,al)",1 are" ,10", ... 10;';10 ;,
"T<'tch<d O"t alollg<id< ..it1o t1o< .tructu,~ of ~i, ],f< '0 ,.0.0 """-
""""...........""" <ii """t,;"" ' ... ~ o~""i ,,'
Similar t" du., h~ "P'O~"
"ftime ... 'mea>ou",1 .Io"g:;idc with' (KO",,'
~"poi>l<"'o.; ",'e!)'ooe', l;fe,'" It ,100,,1,1 bt- "",;c1 that he refers 1o
ti.o" th""'~h no n,,"n al ~U; he j",t "",' Ihe pOf1iciplc C"l'~"P"~
r."vt<n'Ov a " ,Un"rntion of tinl<' i'sdf.''' E'-e",-thing poimi"g to
lime is prc,bcat",1 br lh. t,rm <7WJ1CflPl'~"r",,)... or ""-'P~"P"'"'''W'''''''
T hi. i. n.c<l ill o,,!er ,,, 'P"~"
of eitheT time it"" lf, or of d"'.tKl1l,
or <...'tn '0 ,Ie""'" a r...,..,~e" in ,io,., In """""l/ou, he..., js h"" hi:
"'fen. 10 ,he itl<~I"'h' l i'r of h"m~" na'"..., 10 ...,aeh ~ l",n,'Cl IW'>s\>
of God:
t'<>T ~" C~'U'" hold ~ "',"'o,)' ~'JUcI, ","Id b< <",:IoHi],!! ~",~.-'i,) ."d
'''0\0"00:1 out aloo~>i<1< "'i,1o """,up<'-""""""" th< ""'uno of objro.
of 0001<0> 1'1-.11;"'" 8.:_6,,,,,,,\, "', """,,"on of th< "'~ multi,,~1e of
,h"",_'"
\\'hat IhI: tenn ',t...,tehc,1 OUI alnng,;dc "'id" ,ugg<"'" 0, thi, I""nl
i. a tcml~,rnl a""d,msi"u . "h;';h woultl he extemk<l t h TOu~4,out
the peri()d "f. lifet i",.. , a n app.-.:bcU>i"o wh;';h would h.,'" ",".no. .
T lu. "' "'10)" in the fo,-"gou ,g p;;;o'p, the term. 'enduring' aw~<ii)
... I Cor, ~, 13 .
.., ..,1'-, to_ et: ,
<I< ..... ;.,.n ofa;';'l;n ,\ri,o ....".~ " "'-"0 ...<h", "... '.,
!..;",,,,, VoiK lpO..... _, ~w.. '''''''''''' ';~"'t(" ; De c../o 27%2~,
." ",r" Mo, pG 1~,I_,
.d,", G,.,.l< 'mo !<.- .""",,- .. ":""",,,ro.-, "hl<h n''' ...... n""", f..........
"""la "",nee of. _ '" """" Drig<n """" ~ "'" "'" ""Y now. """''''''' '''' ',
Uoa' D, "" doe> ",It 0;;" '0) ""'oW" ;.,w.oo., of ""'oK< ~" of till .. prop<'
otI .. , ,ha.. do';""", ...
- _11, .. l~, 6. It, r<fn-, to ,h. 'oLj<-< .. uf ,on"""':"""'" a.""""",,, of
"i_,

211
ab,1 '"n:,,, h,," bU' aJOT1go;M "i,h" (ou~""p,~""o~",~.) an: un"

ch"" !(C,, lde .
E",,, th e <C"'I>oral P'''oc''''c it""lf i, indi".t,,d ' Itrough ,he .. me
"" m ""~""f'<~" i.,.,e.,\ . l u """"17""". he eXI'(H,nd, hi, Ol'inio " ,h",
'he I A~'" "f G"d i. p,e,",D! in Ik>1h ,be di';l>< " md""ne,. .",1 the
,"1111",,.1 worid. T hi. pn:scT1ce of 'he l..-.go. iD ,i",c is dClw.,1 by
,he ,"<m ovfl"""'"'"('<~" Ir is "ale,1 It"" Cl,";" ";, so 1"""elf,,1
a, t... lo< i",", ible b) " irt"e of hi, divine n,,,'n:. '0
Ix prc",n, ~ach
Ul(li,;d, .. J "':OD :ond ,,, 1>< ~ l ,,) ,tIT,ch1 ,,,It a~" , gside ..-ith lh< "hole
,,-orid .av" 5 at iiJ..:p <~ ..;,,~'" ",-,~.p<~m...o~ClIo.;;l, th i. i. ",I""
;, .ledan:,1 by ,hoc ' He ha, ;tood ir> th e miill' fyou '."' " Tb, same
p'~diea,~ is u",d ;" an"' ''''' ca"" '" "'eU:
A, ~I "b.,, i, i, >aid to b;m toe '0 110< S"" of God] tl1< ,,-...00 -You
..... "') Sot,. I h.." h..got,,,,, ),ou ,oo.y'.'" '0 1,;,,, "00.)' ;, "W")'
~"; [,,,. I" God tl><<0 '0 "I'<"\; (i.' .,;;' ... fr."". ,d ... h ;, >trctcbc<1
oul alu"g>idt- ,,;,b """~""p.t<Ttiv... ) Iu, uu'-'<gu1teu ,ud om,I<->.
1'6 1, Iif<, ,Iu> .. 11 .. <!.> c.n"d ""J.r. 0" "'h",h 11", S.m b" ,-,"
h.gotten: tor ~"' .... Cot, '-'< ' . ;LI. .. I,..gi""" 'g not .ny d, ) 01'1 .. 1.,,1,,"-
10 i. I.... Ul , [, at this p ...all' i'''''''!oK.' 'K> IK)tioll of ,im~ in God.

;'()\ o nl)" I"".,,"" hcr" ,h" timdc.",,,,,, of ,he ,b" in" life i, again
Slrc,,,,,L b ut ~I,o hccau", ' he "'onl n- i. ll>c<l U, C<ln"'~"',J)' I""",
,.,me- b,~"", ' h" exl'''''';O" '"" '0 ' p<ak' (i.' oij,,...
'\~Ol\. The m>l<
r.cillg Grill''' al lh;, poi", ;; 10 pro,' id" '''' cX<'ge,i, of Ihe "'"1)
'loci:,)" a. f""",[ ill ,10" foreguing porti"n of 'he l'~,l m,_ \\')"" he
,~>e. tl"" i. to i,,'orprct thi. ,,,,by' i" a ",ay CO" " ","ut ",i,b hi.
f" nd" m 'nt~l \'i"" of th< ~t<ml~,rality of (,,,,,I. The ,.!i.k
i, h~rd
ul<k",I, lC' he cope. ",i,h i, ill " ,,,-ofold W;ly' fin,. he onCe mon:
ex!,lk'"'''' Ih,. time"",, cha~.<1e' of ' he d;"; ",, Lfe; ;."oorull). he CO"
oidc .. 'Ioday' .. 'h" timd." ".", of ' be di,;n< br." in ,he ,.me
>cn,.. ,ha' he h~, cloDc i, il< ,bc ]la"age fm m hi, Homi ~<o OD
Jere",;a h. Hi. i"'eu,j"" l>ciug '0 ",,,ph...ue 'he unique 'HltOlogiCru
rel~tio" 1"""-0<" ,be F.,h" and ~,e So". h" eL,00mte< on thi; iu
a telling porliotr of b;, Hm,rib.. Oil Lu'~: "" "llhougb ,h~", "'''~ I",
'~ j. !hn 1, 26 . .-)Mo. 6. XXX_

, ~ .... 2. i . q"""o><! in [",t>. 3. 22, et "tb, 1. ~- ', C>rio:<" rorrw""" "" uo-
.b< .. II~, _ I ..... ~I.I ,
... _ ..J ..... 1. XXIX .
,~ /I....w" .. /m. 31.\.

mall )" ""ill\> "'ho a", <""<'<1 '",,"' h)' acl",!,li",n , ,h< I.ogvo. i, called
~ ' h ;" ""'11 Soli'. ill ",rdn to poi", to him wbo alon< i, Ixgonen ily
ah i,..,n:.bIe !!"",",l;"', from God hUII,tlf".'" ]" ,;"w of du ,be
'da~' ",r the 1'.. 1.0 ;, b) 110 '''''~''' a " ''''por..l "",ion: thj, j, si",pJ~
all 3n:>]og}C
ADd yw . 1..... ,1<1 "'" ,b.t "" doy ~~ """ roosid<r ,be ",hol<' oftl", I'~
><u' "ron. "'lUch "' lm,~ "';,~ ""'>,
'0 0" but i, ~ .lIoot . "d COl,
,;,tiog jw.t of. "'".. )<." "itl1 "'"'1""" 10 die !if. of C",I .nd of Clubt
.,., or dw HoIr S"im.' "
It " n""w",,,h ), that h ere h"man #mL ;, C()"'pared ..i th d;,;nc lift,
n()t with all Y di\'ior lwu ,,'h~ .. OC\.. r, In 'he ""lie '''~" the tcm, i.
"",,1 ill order 10 dellote ,, iUH <xi, ,,, ill time. In intM1ln'ting the p""_
"'8' of Paul '~<to,,~ng 1<} 'he ridl(', of hi, grace wb"~;,, h. hath
aoo" ",lcd ,,,,,,,,d u, in ,,11 ,,'isdo.o :lJ\d p""k"' ...'" h,' comme""
a, f() II,,,,~ :
A"d ~'". ,"" whoi<- n.rh"= of ,11< gr..... "f God, ~'h;"h ",. , al""uldW
'0 11,< o;,i"". ~ f",,,, "" .. ill b"giIHliug 'u 1>< 'uoori,)"d' ~nd
'",',u''''II1'''' ""d i, m.h;p~<d ill d, , ''") 11"" ,illl<, ('ne h.., <lH.'>C
, f()tt$Ood gin ...",,<hfide ao:cri"l '" hi, ",,,,.;,, 00' he
I... ~, ,I",m in..,,,, ... h a, I", f.il, <0 do "']",.1 he h.. to dQ.' "
'J1, i, 1'''''')(1' is of 'p.:dal ,ig"iticanc~. ,,,'cr O ng"" "H" d .. 10 hi,
con cepli()" "f 11>< "~'c hd"", dle Fall. "-' weU a, '0 ,I" i.k'gim,i tlg
"f time. [, "' ",,,,..-bhle , ha' ' he cpre,,;oll i'",m a oen" iu hegill_
"ing' 16.0 '\\'0:; '; pJ;ii.:;) tOI11"~" 'he te"" 6P1 1 in a twofohl " ",."
it i"dita'''' the Wisdom fro", "10",,, lho"" who ,be,",,, htt "t<
'nou,i<I,etl';'" il "Iso i"dical~' ,h~ f,,,,,
mal Ih, FaU ",,,rh ,I", hrgu .
!li"g of li ,,,,' ""d i, j, f",,,, [ha, hcgit"' i n~ ,,,<1>
"",... [h al th e gr~c.
()fC od i. ''''''tch,cl 0'" along-K!o "ilh' ,h~ ",,rlrl~, omer t() hdp
il t"" .. anb it; ..... 'orotion by i10 0"' " free ,,;U. ,,-, I" d,i, th,,_ Co'"",
fon:. the Ion .. 'S1""cI..,,1 ,}m ak"'gside ,,;,10' ,ig"ili<' ~. , 1... 010,,';,1 <>f
~ ."""' .. IN ~~ " ... R - , 1_n. ~ <h. \, pp.

." Cl:ph,
,~
_"<lit.I, ; 8,
l~.
31.
j :Jl)-lQ: 1' 9_
,~ Col_ 2, 19.
", ~f:';'. ~~9,:l1 .1.
,~ 10 !hi< cas<' J..".., .. udt, '0 !he ~o.Jou. iat'(..-J, ~. i, ~ ... ,lOo,
-mpor..! "",.ill"g.
" ,\, du, puiru, 'h< <nm"'" Iuu '*"-;"'01)' . '''''f''-''al i""",,,, "'"-'II '" oh<
~";''I' of ti"""

213
G",I" gif" "IX'" er'''''''','' ,,;,h", 'i me_ .\ 1"", 'I""'.if"",II.,.. ,hi. .lI ud""
to .100 nOlion ,IL~' ,loo .. gil\' ",ay bc bc<,.".-."
upon n ,.,,,iooal IT<3
,ut<" fo' " 1"'''0.:1 of tim" a"d ito ,I..,
c~'" thi, o<~,,,'e " ~,id !O
h,,-c th_ gif" ",-, ,,h," 0'" .Iong<id< " 'i,h' hi'n), ,,-hik' ~t ... othe .
p"riod of ' im.: 'h""" gih, "'" "a' t hc'~, '-'" ""CO\,," ,h.
<.>f "" ion.1
C.-c;l' Uf<' o.,-n mcri~...
Th ~, i, i. '/o"'''gb ,/0, 'e'''pond i,uplio"lion oflho 'e,m '>tre,d,ed
0,, \ alongside with tha, Origen co"cb", hi , notio" of the nonl"'r
m~l\e'" kIO,,-. 1 of ' he di" ioc g"'~c" "1"'" en',""", ami, s"bs,'
'l ue,,, I\-, hi, "ie" of ,im" a, a mtJ~ ",hc", " diaicc,ic.1 ,e)",;",n
bc,,,,,,,,, God alKl oreature. takn plA.
The u.ag< of 'h" "'n~ """~",,.-.:rrl,eo(ih, i,,,
,,;gtcilir"m Md "'''''n
ingful imt"'""tion. T he ini,i>1 S,oi<: ,~ of '~Im<;"";' ~ot ah..,-" iom:,1.
I.. fo<n'u la,i"S '/)<' Ch""i,,,. eOt' C~p', ho"e'er. du'cc i, fUf1h,' c
",fu" men, and cl.riti,",ti"n of the p.",i,,~n' tenn in,,j,.gr. TI", inl',,_
dueti(~l o[,Lis 'enll cu,sti,u""" colHpre ll<:I"",'C . ,~l cbbor.uc acr01wt
of ,,;MI ,ime P "--'I"" is. II"ha, ;. ""'''. i, po; "" '0 the "I01ion of
lime 10 'p.,<e P1"OP'" "h'.cb, ", one j>OiOl, i, rall<:d -S1run",.. of ch"
,,-orld\. ,'" a man"" of ~ ", ,h<: ,,"f"bl " u,",ll i" 01"<!"" !O poi'" '0 "
p,<<<nee ill ' ime: <' pl. illi ng ' he term "f Paul -, he '~Oll of ,hi,
world" " it i. "",cd oh", ",-hat w,,,,ld be "1 "lc"'1<~~l br thi, "1'''''_
,;on i< 'time whio.:h ;, ",etc hed 0011 ru011G;idc ,,;110 the ' ''''<'Ult: of
lh;" ""odd from ,b,' begi,wing 10 'h e e",I' (ro~ "",,~u"'~"" 'O;o"""
~p<WQ' ' !i 'Q(,'"" ro\o """~Q~ .;. ' <ip~<; ~iIpt , .""" "",,,,,~,u~.,. '"
So il i. OriS"o him",IT "h" m.h-, the in,dlectual di,ti" etion
bcl"'",,n ,imo prop'" aDd th. -,'me.!",.. of ,his "'mid". in ' h" >o m.
w.) 11"" hc di,tingui,hc' I""w~n the timc or I'aul"' lif.,imc f.-om
(he ',,,,,e'ute of lti5 I;J~. ,,. II"kH ,h,""", ,I",i"",io,,, acfuall)' '"881'''
i, '''1 ~1,,(, ..tioJ, tiguri"S ,he -'\1"01"","" QT th e wodd (that i;. 'Pace
p'''pd. 0' th. -"moot" ", of lif., m\\c~.i,"d " pan from tin,,,.
'/'he .igrl iflC~nc. of the in"vdnction <.>f thi, ,~m' can be 1><1Ieo
.kmo,,,,,,,,cd onc, ""IUf"IX'H ';VadJa. i, >crUtiuizeol. i1\ o,d", t,) dic;,
c,.." "ial notiOn> t ha, " ," inh<reo, i~ 'hi' ""d "re con>ciQu,l) denot.,,1.
Th .. "cro did n<>l "xi" i" d .. ,,'.ciU C"",k .'" H",.... ' e. CIH).ippu.
' M >:ph. 2. 2.
, _.,}oil< P. >03.
,~ ,,,_. 10.
,~ '" c.... k .. G""" d""" ~ .. U'" ,,'" ... ",..<1, ...

~I I
,,,,xl 'he ,'~rb

in flgurati"~ man ner. ,,'11ioh pr<.>lml>l)' '''IS inWiring
to U rig<:n ; 'he S'oie philolOpher rcfe," '0 "he ftKd imn ' "on',,"'_
ing ~, i , from the 'fire' i,,,,lf which i, '""",,che.j on' ""'''!!"i,lc Wilb'
this ;ron. '''' Thi, d;";,,ctioo IWh"" 'l) ti,,' and iron . Io)",ugh dw fired
iron ;, ()O le ' hing, mn" k .... p"'r"d a role ;n Origen. ' hought ;n
formulating oI,e rib,intti o" bct"l:,n 'w",,' a nd 'he '''mct\' rc of du.
world'. ,"amdr he',,'cc," ,ime P"1'CT "",I ' pace.
n <uing 'he Hd leni>,ior period. the ten" "'.. u""d in a ""';"J' of
",..,., Among (11"", "lto Itad ""xl cb"~ ,erm 1>0:0'" O rill"" I"eO"
Galcn 2",1 cenH"), A.1l.' , '" A.dcpioo..,,,,, Tactio" 1., centu'y AH_
aud Cleom"dc. ,\h,he"""iei ..... ~,\(I oe ,nu'!" AD.!. ,\ cl",,,,,,,e';,,;.,
,,"" of lhe re"n fu, ' he "'me of 'co-e~,"",i ort'l i< fo",~1 in 1he I"or\<
I)" .l1"w" of ,\ru,ide' Q uimilian u,,''' "'ho ;. ",ri,,"'ed to ha", li'-cd
0,,1) a fe" <kcadcs 1>0:[0'" on!!"n ,
'11,0 m"~ning applied '0 <WI' ~tlPf""i\'wOu, ".,., 'to ha". the ,am.
rxt'n,i (~ , with >OTn<,Io ing , Ioc'_ or ,be Stoie., .\ I arm' A""di n. h.d
..
" ,.,.1 the ,enn ""~''''''<1. i ,v. ''' in ,be """"" of 'ex""djn& J",mUd
10' a'K!. me"-fo ..... 'm con",,'" or "0 COD'I"'''''. ' [1-.. (erm ...... ce"
lau.l), " sexl in ,I", .ul"'e'lur", N'm"n:,-., a",1 ,h .. Su,l.. Lexicon \960
A_D, ,..,-luded thc lemma_
,\, all e"<o",, it ,,-,.. Origt"n ",'h o (,,,t o,nl'lo)'<:<1 ' ho tern, in order
to rouch "certain pt:rttp,jOD of ti ,,'" proper. n' well a' 'he ",L~,ion
of Om" 10 "I'.c<,. 1 ,h:oJJ argue latr' ~, a' lb is co,,","1" i,..,If. as " ',.]1
a, thc )><rtin"," ,crmilHJlog)' """,,.d ~ I'ror.~md ami du, i~,-.: ,nll""rtC<
"ItOn th,' Chri"", ,, ,,'ritc," of lI,e 1.,,,', cc"',,';''"' ~ n inth",,,",,, ' ....'
aclJ\Owkd~ro_ u",
",'en "''1'''0,1 a. )'''_ Fi N' ,h"'gh 1 '''' '"'' w)~"
i; the con"eptio" of ,ime ,le"011 by 11.. ,,,rm "u"""'p" .,.ei,',,,Q,, ,
'11," .",.1, i, a CO"' I>o" ",1 0''''. co",i,u"g of ~'" "'Om. "VV-, ~"po:i.
he-, ""d ..;vs-a9<>" n.c f,,,t , h",., ~n' prcpo>ilions: ,I", tUUM i, ~
,'~,h. 11'1"" "'~ I",,'c, '10".(0 ... . i, a ,'erh predic. te~ by ,hr.. 1"'1>0_
,i(io''', '11,0 ma, n body of tho 'enn ;, c"rtai nly the \'O, h ,~i." "Q",
wbich meOW! 'to I", ".-etc hed ' OT 'to be '1,cc,,<I'. T he p!l:I>o>i,iou r.-
... Sl"~; U. In . (( ], i, cl>aro<"";,,.. <Ji!tv' ",,,,,I to

~ ' '''' iruj\OO"UM(' "'b
uu. ,,"nn, ,ha> JoIun ''''' Amim doe. "'" ;00,. .. ,m. ;. hU hod-. of "'" S,.,;"
"'mUnoioty <tt.: ' ";'''
,..,a.n>e (V ,,r srI'\.
'" G.l". I ~l A.l),. 1/,pi Xl"~; ."-'Pi- (Ik "'" ~ '"'""P"""~
II.l..p~ "" " ".~, rii; .-11"",
,\ru..... QuinoW,,-"",,- I" ,11..... , 2. (7,
'" .11-., 7. :10-, """co.""""",,' ",' "'""',,' "''' ~"'"

215
",e~no 'Oll'" 11"" , 'he n:rb h-ttlv,a&., mean, 'to be ....... ob<"<I Oll"
or "0 he .x,..",led'.
Up '0 ,hi, p"in' 'ho f"lIdamo",.l S'oic no'ion of ' i m~ a, ox"',, ,
oi"" is moitt, . i,,,,d . In faCI, a Greel: ,",on.! for '"",cn,lt)O' "h ieh i,
" '"Wal<; i. l1,c uo" u ,kri,.."l from ' ho , ... rh ""iVfa&.1. A f"" hcr
"el' i. ,,, ,,]10,,' ,be prepo..;,iou ~apO. {,ide bl" "de ,,ilb. p" ... llcl '0.
Z", ,kx" ",,' "'.'" 10 " ", ke "", of ;,. as ,,'e ba",. "..tt . Th. 1''''1'0-
oi,i"" ""pO.. hO"-c"T. i, f",,,,cl in ,he ",.rding of C h,yoipp,,-' ~ nd
AI",U",lon" l_ap.,m"',o,Jk,t,v S"i",~~" , . O rig.-n di>c-.nkd d,c ' <nu
_"paKOMtAloW OD "CC,,"',, ()f its iml'Lca,ion ,1<."
,i mo ',Ilo,,~ '_ "-<
i, wcre. 'lmcc. IU>lca,] he main,aiu"d oWl' ' hc l'r"Cl_i,;ou .,,(>6.
"hkh re"d",.. 'he ,'<r!. ~ap-t "-"iv,oe.:" ,"eaoi'lg '10 I", ''-''',ched
ou, j~";dc. Final ly, he "phold, the l"'l)(),itiotl ,,~v Iwith,: th", he
inti mat~' time '0 I.. "" ""'C',"""lI ,,'hid, ' i, """tCh",l o"t bo';<I., " nd
)"C1 ,,-ill! Ibe '",ue' ur"C of'he wOl'I~'; w!tit h ,nc'''' ,h3' ,linc is accO,"
JMlIyinK 'pae<, u,~ ,Uowin!!, it.
The S,oic> Chrp ippus a"d "I)Q/joooru' b:,,1 made an ane"'l~ to
ad "mb ...~,, the "Iatio,, of (;0'1" '0 I,,'ha( ,h,,)' c;JI"d (he '''0,1<1"
through tl", term ltapa~. S,6<n~~a . 'n", wom """,,~oM<&;;V.
how"'-<r. rucaw; 't ha, which "ccomp""infoJi.mit.g'. TJU,. tenu Ib""
impli"" a notion of 'com ing hdcind, or after', In 11,,, '. ""e time"
t<-ganJ",1 a, '"a"di1lg oo~le' the "-orld ..... )'" 'fullo,,'ing' it.
A """ter of f:,Cl, 'he Stoi". ..,.m
'0 I", " "r"rt~j" .. '0 "' I,,,l b.,r
time w,,-, ",,,,,,,"<1 't<og",I"" "'itb' 'h e '"wM" ("'" ,,"'ip'.
or 'afkr it"
'~n' """,," . Suh>e'lu<utiy. ,jl<O}' appcar u fl ccrt"in", '0 whe'!>", ,ime
'ha, i>ttn of ' he ... me age ,,'i, h 'he "'orl,1" i,,~J,."Q tO~ o:tio,""u
YC)'""""'. or i, is ")'o,,,,#r' lh"" ,h,' "",rid {~ ' ' ' 11<>'' .""'''''',. ".
00 thi, 1' OCl'rtai,,'Y 1" 00 folio,," lk S'''~''; ,h, (0 1)' lhu'~ h" "'ems
to "-'>Oft f", ",,,0 i, tl,.. 'ime could n", j~, 'oIder th.n (he ""rid:
'f"" ;, i. lInl)("filling a phil'''''phcr '0 dm"< allinn' ,hi,- . '" '1l1~ S'oie<
r"CgMd g<><1 n' the cft .. tor of time: h," 'he)" romi<kr 'he world '"
,he i:"hd of ';m~.' "
OM n,.. ~ <I<no<t<J by thef""!"'"""" .,"'" on the km> _..,~

.. 511'. 11. 165. 1- 9. A,~. ",,'. thM " . l....wt.,., "lOCh I'\oti,,,,, cricK;", the
S'-"<> t;..- ,,~. ",,"ur< IQ <kfin< ~"'the, "'" """".-.M...;e."", ~ '(. ,,, Q< ..... '''.n.
1."_. "'.
P"'",-,) or ......... '" m.,.;o". i.lO.
,~ V. ~ .If.... 1. :?<;-), .ptO"",,_ 6' &._;.,0& , '''''''''''~.
'" 511' 11. '65. 10 12.

,Ad
'>< .., JO '",""

-""" .,....,,"I.J "'l' "! ,uAnd ~ ""!"'" .xw-.u.'P "'l' ....., ... UI '''''0 -"I' q 'f~
l!uop 'f""" _ >OI' '"'I' 'Mfl"'! ~xq~ '''''0 "'I' ") ,o......d ..k .... " 1"'1"'""1'
_.>qI j.(J tHml ''''~ .. ~., '"lI ,~ '''''''''''H T."Z, I ' 1,,' nn,/ ")~ ."
"In"1 1I ' _ . i ...
"lDII '_.1 '"
''''11 "'1l1!1()1d u, '",,,, ""' .... ><j' ul ",""'1. ...."..0 " I"' . l~l' 'puu,'
"ou '''I'l ~'ll ",J.8.)!" , 'P"l'~ -''"tU''J "4' 0, "0" Jlp ~,,' ts-.d a'll w WJ
,n,! , 'JI!." :ro!II""'-" ~uU ~4') ~"!'11' L"n, Q' ~"'J>J ~q :l!"!lpWJl .u
1""I!..t:"~1' <! ~UJ !' I~>II! .~~"U!! ~ y. '! ,!ll' O'~1.1 HI -"""'" JP" !
"""_ lH}""U '!"''''',,o~ .lfUOltldo..>:-,; ''4' "!'l' UO 'J 'I .J" '-lJ ' ~J'P "'LL
'!""Idw) " I.wn,,>d '0 'iw~", JO 00"".. " 1'
~J"' H 'I ~'~" !"" ~ "e"I"~1 '~")tJ A1" ~"'~fl .. 001 ' l"lU)lU ~"' !'
'1"""'" .>.Ill,,,,, '! 'I' ~.)IJ"" '" '11 l"'UlS ";,'P'I U~'''' '' ' ! 'I v",n '\lIm,,~u
)011 .~ .'P""- \lull '4' ,~" P:UO '4' "1 ,,[.. "11 41~" p.~'ow ~ 'u" pU~
p....'o'" ,,~, .,,~ .. w"""d ." \l ~'I' ",Om ,oJ P'" u, "" 'P I"'~ '''''0
"! "" J<j P"" JP'~! 1"""'" '" 1"1lI~_" 4>!~-" ''''''''~ ll ~_' !"'" <r<'J I'~>J
",. JO '~~.xl' '''1 " "!!W'~[u'" 10 ll" ! uQ~>q "4' 10 [Il.(",u,.d I~l!ll<>t
_o 'p"", ' iq " I "'I "'~~d''''''' !> !'O""D ~- ?'lnO" "! "! >JL'[ "b~,
p,m "J!I 'fT!<" ''''1",&:01 ,,,,u_ 'Ull, '~ l(1 lK-'!"'U ~'I' PP'I ' 00, '!nu!,okl
;""od '''P ,~ ~P~\l' "'I PT""'(' 'l",~... ""!""u""f'l'JlUOJ ~ '! ... "'U.
'J'''I''&'I'' '\~"8""''-" QOl)# "U"
-><J' P'I"""'I!, ~4 n ,,!, "'<!-'!'!-.I' 'P'" JO >1!uP.l 'q' 1'''0_'"''1 '! "-"'!-.IO
.'~Ul I! ... '"4' "11 '''''!'Oll' JO " " ,ob,."o) ~ ""!,,,m lUO-'j lit' !II"'"
'''NllJU~ ,m ,-" au,,, ~u~) ."'~, m~' ..." ....1" H!" "1 '''IOlS '4' 0, ""J
'1-)"' I""I~ ""-.. '1.JJ~tn ld ' ,"1',"1" "1~OP 0, u""'" " """'P 'lllnOllllV
''''''''S "4 ' ..",cJ!>l P~IP."'I 4>JC"'Ld 1"'11 "",,,,u,.fO p\l'~ '41 ""' ...... ,,<1
'! " "!' '''''!-Ix
' ''O !ID->ll~ P!W -"I 1'1""4' "'!O<[ 'I'lL ',,~(k ,-n<f-
'''''l' ""'!' 1"11 "'!I Q, >lll "'!l" '1:>I1W ."'~., " '1_1 -!.:M' dp.I'J,_..d"~rI""
uu~, "1' i "!""I"''' ''! " (1 .,,~!., 'LVlO ' !ll 1"4~ilo-, U~~O '"",,\to, -'U
"..,.,,1, P"~ J.>drud . '\l,,' ""'..... .
''''1 """"I'" >tll
JO ",nru"" ."".uti ~ ",,"{Ill' I"'~ 'I 0) p..>llc,"" " '.)." " >':)IOtS' '''P '~ 'I'
4~""'1' ' l\,,!-"~' '! 'I ' II~ ,~ '''1d '~Ul I''''''I'''! I"'" ,,",U ,.- -"1 CUJ UCl
_ '"~, 0.- ''',,! " )U' ~! \l "O~ ~ L II '" JP"! ' l "'~ l """;rI-'""'I<'IU ~'I' 'P!'I'"
01 ~ LJ !p'O"'" '''O!''U ~'P Jl_'~' JO "' "11.10" C '(U" """ : '! p,,~, " 'lL
-" ,,!l'JW 'lllUSO~ ~'(lfo I"" P>'! [~'" '! '! ""'''"'''''l '.'~'JO:. n"",,, " IlU'
'PI'O'" '''1' ,."" ... lwO~JC .)"''' :llOnoo 'l~l jO \lO,,""'P'" OC " .>.IOj
.. )J'~' ~rft,'''Y'~ .g"6""Y<'. QOl)~ UQ!".>Jd~, '~ lJO .>\i'-~ l\ ->!O'S ')(LL
"" ~,u.""' O
'"
21 7
...... _ It i, cnli'e IICrcq"ion oflim.: i. al,o" dp~"nic """ ,ime prop"r

origina,,,, in (he ,."n"" .;f ,be Soul , Ilr con"''''. Origcn Joc,. " 01
uphokl ."ch a nOlio" al all. On "0 areo"",, .1 ..... Ihe wnn k'"
(inl ...",n' in the le,'" (lv~."p''''~i" ..... "lgK\'"
an) tno,'Cm.'n( of lime
p'op:r. from ".. hidl ,he nation of mo,i"" i> con""c mly ",ithhdd _
'n e .ldu\it;Oll of'i mo as I><:iug in <:""0<<: 1;'6o,q~a ov~~api!~
'~I\""~" i> ",h~t C>labli' hco thi. mdical ditkrc nce frOIU )'o,h tho
1~",o1\ic ~"d ' he "'eopL,wnk <I)'1,,"nic eone.-pl;"" of'ime.
'l'l,j. i. ,10 .. "",nun' of O rigrn', ' en" o'-'l'""'",>M""'''s.,. rOf cim~.
I", '" (hen"", ,he implicati on. of hi, ".:p . A]'hongh he ,,,,,,I:
"I'
(he Stoic perception (,f,im e"" l;,oo"lpa. the ' em\ "UII_P"'-""vro&-,
;, deri",,,{,o t ~~ .. _ For 10,' l"o,,-.
f'<'rf<'Ctly "cD (0" "ndunh,ed!; (h~ S"-,",, did, '''''' ,I"" ,hi... ,,,,";on
i, "01 ~ 'l'"i,,1 onc, the 'Mln i,;clf is hut IllCl"l'ho" a fignr< of
"l><""h. Si "cc, th.~ (h;, i, ,,0' of a .pmial na1\II'l:. ,,-hal ;, 'h e ",la
,ion "f ,hi, "~,""sio" '0 "Pace pmp"';
'11,, Sw;", u"dol'j" ",II)" "-~n: cOllSCiun, af ~'" bet ,b:,1 1;<0" is
.... m<1h ing d ifh",,, from "!,,,co; '" thc)" al", certainl)" knc,," (h~( thi,
ex'e " ,"o" h", no 'l'ati,,1 I"''l~'rt _ 1-!"wC'o'M', ,1000,' di,] "0' mal~tge '0
i,,'-ent a ,er",inology ,xP"'''.''!!' thi. a,,'M<:ne" tellingly. Thj, ;, !he
1'0;"1 on "'hie" l'1otih(O' foc"",d hi, cri,;eis", ag:,iost th~m , ;.0",,,,,
(a""m ing ,h., ,h~ exlant fraglll c", " ,10 j""iee ,,, him ~m, 10 I""",
(honght tI"" ;, is cnough to ",k,- a, oo-wu, ,ho( dw (,;rill <~tcnsion
is j"" ~ ,im;l<, Chr,-, ippn, "011 ,\pollooonJO .implr ad,~,,-I th. I"'"
!icipi< rnpo.-w.ot&U, bc;1l/i: "",i,1e ."d follo"-;,,gl. T hi., hown'M'.
;, not a ,,"1)' ,ubo"" ,ti,,1 co,,,rib,, uo,, ,,,,,',,,d!
~hm i n:'liDS Ih~ ~.~bi
gtl i '~. For il "onf""" .... tha th~ "' d "cid~'c, 'he rcL"i"n "f tillle
1""1"" I" >t,ae< _
It i, 'I<>, "",:io;l<:'Hal ,1"11 ,10, mc''''nl"". Origrn d''''"ro.
(he ,<nn
~a"" .o""u&w al'oso' h~r. \\ba( he .toe. i",'e<lol, is tu ul~ fOT the
,;",,,lwMo,,, ", age of ,10" pl"ep",;, io".! """ ,,';,10 and ~"p& t,,,.ide!.
Thn' ,illle i, i ll()"'~"'d .. a l;to<! of "~.cn';"n, "'hieh i, " rct<:h..-d
Qut '"I()llpid< with' '1"'''''. b"itlg 'h<,;,~' i, _Tin", i.o "'''''''hing dpl
'" Ao. dioc....d oln-...J;-. it ~-... , probI<-m 10, """ Soo;n. ~-"'w.. "".... .,.,jd ' "
.oruOd.-.-.-d . . . 1' 0<1)' ... , .... ~u"nly ..-hrtho-, ~ """"" '" "T..ro.d
"";n,' '" .KIt

,Ad
Xl o'J 'w.'I- ~XJ)<X '1 .",,~ ~ L .~ ,

'!IU ... ...... 'JO"""ro.;
' I~ ~
..... ".p",.HlxmfM> mm "I' :.'po" -"'qu tyJO ' "'' 1U,,", .<oU,' p.>J'I'!"
_uOO ~.IO,) ' '''~q ,lo)')()U ""<>I' \JJQ<>lAI"~""n.n",, nu," .4' In lU ...." {lfl
'''0" ~"'ld,,1t a'I')O UOl1r.,p, 1' "'1' 'lll n01[1 ).)~J 1l I ."1""" ,"t Ol J ,~t(tJd
'(UTlJ" "",,,L"'UQJ I~J<lJojQ"'Q '4' uo ',)!01S >Il' I)l)~ u.~U O "'.)."'~l
1I()!'''l~J LJ !~U'>' "Jo ,,,!On "l' ~<!J ,1I,m'ldurl)" '1'l"'Tl>cI>!P"! ,,~
" Uli;>' ,u!' JO "1''''' ;;I!l .'l!..., ,IO<YOJ " !l ., "4J, 'a,,,,,, 0, ",,!l~PJ
"! ." IP-" ,~ " W\l ./'> lIolld.." ,o~'!'l u.~h, <l~"1 ",i.o.;"Io;>.O>l."~lI~
.~nD~' .'(l""
'>P,<JjU()I~ 101Q P"I'PH'. ,u..,) "'11 '0,-1 .~'."1'''''''-''
1'.'" p>J.>d >J"""~ ,,' " J.d,ml '''''1 '~'P ''''nJ'''''''
"11 dn p>~u))n'l
';I1~>J '"'1" '! <!'ll. 'P'!I"'" '(I'I~n()J"4 1 "! '''fJ<''.'!'' ~x!=rkto mu,
"4 >0 " 0 ""'f!<" ,a ul".>-,,! UO!''''4'U I ~'! I lJ;oiiuQ 0) 1",,ji~J q'!.\\
" ~lI j''U '" J!QIS "JRUI"O ,, ~ "",OU",uO, '1/.Jolluu~~IV
.''1 "rllu"l"~ \lU," "'I'
JO "S,,'" '''1' ""(1 ,", uoII'!'1o '.In,,,,,,,,,S ' J ~
~ "!""OI"'~ "I<"J J~>U\"'J'" ",e4 J "I" " <Iq.). '', j<> .,,"H,' ' " " " " 'I
~\I!"~>q , " U~,d",ll1"'J "!O'S 1tI,liI'!IIJcli.>.' ",_11 ~~ ""I' ~" ~I"','UQJ
'0" ,~_, -""!I"'Y'"! ,m "'1 1'1""-" '!'I) '",'Iu"l"9 IIU>I '4' .,, 11 0 I~" ~'I
JJ -M"!"~'~"~>I<w IIU," '>~1 tq I''''''''''ow~p '! .>WII )0 \I,,!,dll "'"
"",llloIOlOO J!O,S ,'q) "':I ,,, '" ",fw"l"~ .~ ~"'n <.""'",,-,0 '.'1.1.
'1'""".1'" JI"'"""4 ~'I '1'''1.'' "1\1.)",
"~'P-"'P J>4U''J '''1' ,('1';1"0 j"'CU!",I\Il! IK'" I"'C!'UC'"I''' "'I IICJ
Ill!,! "1 p'.'~l'-~II!-,'\,;" ,~," ,!""o, WlIJd ~"'!'J" "o!,!mpl' '!'% " I'
\"'1' ,"lIJ '4' ,n U '&1"'4' "4 JO S>UlJl:>Ojllutlr",,,,d ~'I) 4 '~" ,o'P">.)
-"oo.~ "'!' p....;Old,,'" dH "! J.-"lrud ."uIl I"'P')O oOl~I ."'J.~J I~n ".",,'
'"I' 1"""1 " I ';'Id'-'>\!'J"Cld
'<JY "'l' U! .lIc!-'dOJddc ", ''''~lJd ~uII'JO "Ol,d",,, ~!O'S 1~1U"uml'
-II"J ~ll ' 1",<101'" ".>ll!-,O 'Pq' "' '' " ...., 0, '1'lulI" ''-''''' <! ' I ")j>~!O'S
4'''' A'!"!)UldoJd ",,,,,,,", " JO ~u"k ,,,0 PI"'" ''''I' " luO ",,.joJd
.,<011 JO uo",I.""d 1~'!li<>IO'"O '''1' "" ~><j"" "4' '.'il JI!"'PP "'I
1'1'>04' '! :"-'II~""_'OJ,I J!Q1S jO IU~Ul"l" "".., l"I",,s~J '''1 0' "n'bUlY'~
IIU~' "1' "'J "o!)!",dd"'~Jd jU!,,,,,,,,,, II~ '! ~.ml' J"J " ~""ILO<'"
:MO'S JO "<>i,d,u ".", "I' p" no.>ll 0, """ " ! '''''!''!II''' '0" ' ! "'OJ~
"rl""'''!''9 LW" ~'! ' JO '~ .. n .)J,u, '"'I' P~'''''~~''' " P" ,>JI~ .. \~ q !
' "!O,,I1!~"P >I"'S "4' U1
)U>.l '-' 4'" '.n'''''~!(I W'' "1' 1'''''I<R-1J ><1 ''''''1 '1 <l'LL '.'J'I"l>ol. I"'~ "' [
I"'" p.>'~!::>O>">" l'"f .>J ~ ' '''1' :J~'I'0 "" ~uo .~"!,""n"J. JO " O!'OO ,)IJ >!
-.>.J~llL 'Il '1'.' " ~ ~1~01" ",(} l'Olpm,," '! Id.' pLJ ~ ..,.,l<_if
"" ~,u.""'O
'"
219
i\><:lf, <)n Ihe 0110 h,lI<I, " wj <erlain othec l)Ortion, <of hi. work. on
(he other, indic,"" th., time i. bel,i to be " dimnu;"" <of tb, "",rid,
I( ,ho,~d I", 1'0i",00 ""I tb:" ill r;"'ek the ",Tm, 61""'~~" c.lcII -
;ion) and lil<i<rnt" .. (dimen,ion haH the ",,1I1e root; aioo. (h,,;, mea n
ing I~", a " inller <o" " cc(io,, : 61""',,"'. dime".~oDi i. dn", itc!)' a
ideatio"al 61<"'fTl"" Ic~'e",;on) aJo. 'l!'idc "hiO<io<1 of 3"""000.; is ;,,J,effllt ;" tj,,' ",m' ou~ropo'l';""'"
a. I poin, 0'" 1'''-'-''<'1111)' ill ",b( ion " 'i'h ce,,.i,, co",;dcnl,i"n, "f
J- C.lbhall ,
It ;. oig" ifJCant (ha' Orige n poi"" '0 ( I~, di.;nc li&, (h ...",!!h the
term ali,,;(),,,,, dimemio"le .... 'l1, i, life i, held to bc the pt<".
emj"""t ""e, a .,:'" ~'Iojch ;" ealle.) '1"" I",,,,ailife' \';,,1;<01<0;_.'" The
",me 1<',," i, "",d " t ~"otl ... , poi"t. in "r<k' 10 ;nd;'"I, tl... di,;,,"
lif. a, (he &".1 g,,"~1 of aU cTeatio n. 11,i. i, d,-"<rihed a, 'calm " "d
(~nl<n.ionl<o, life' ';,a,x.xov ' ''' "Ii,,,,,,,,;,,,,, ~~ ,'" '1'10". (he <011
tm>t I><,,.-cc,, 'hc atelllp<>ra! d;,';"e life alld the t~"'I)()r.lJ world"
po,,,,",1 out throuS h 'he term 6~"i<>-r"'.",., T h;, ;" a point ,,'Ilicb
d~' ,,'t-'S 10 I", p'n,,.,,1. I h" ahad) sI'o"'" 11"" 11,.. ra'~'al traIl
,<cnde",'., of God to th e "wld i, ponra)'oo in (erm, of >P"c, " "d
ti",c. Tho ~f, ,)f c"'"";,," ;" cou"""",1 with the di";",, life OH a<co uut
of tb, f,Cl tbat d,e bttcr i. ",.. le>3 aud ti",eI,,, , Wlocll . (loercfolT,
(he di"ine life i, I"'nr,,),1 a. dimem;o ltl""" 0],.;0,,,1)' th;, un~~.,.
Ihe ~h",,"ee of 'I"re ""d tirrw.
Considering lime "-,. Jimm';'" i, (he point ",h ... ", O rigc"-' onto
l"gi",,1 ddi " itOo" of time ." 6,<lot->lI"X " t<noon " ",I u.e "",iol1 "f
~"I(",,(),.; "~,"en,;ool COIl\l:rgt. For one ,hu'g, 'he t"-o ,ern" "'"
",lated to each other OIl lhc groLJ IJII; of philology .1l,1 ~t)'molos)'.
'" ..",.." 16, PG " ,196: Cf. U.. "'"" '''',, i., .,. dt., 2, PG 11.l6ll.
,,, """"'", ~. PG jJ, 168. Tb< """ <f6,M"'1<>; m<aninI! " _ , , _ ot _ .
_;, D>"<l iD 1'I..... h"' ..It..m. I. G , ~. lk....oo.o.. 7 "'"'-. 1 ~ -'!II888- I896,
,"'.2. p. 001", f1o<;nu,.
1''1''.... fibooj
F_.
"If" "".;.,
15.," ...1 Al<unoJo:. of '\I..m.ti ...... ,I';''''''''
31,18. ,I,)t \\'>.11 .... , Co ,,, ..... ,1 _ c....:.
... p"" i, lkrlin. l!IYIi, .... n-g-.rni, Chri.tian ~ru",- &&J~",>; .... "'oing ........
.....,.,. 00' ~_ , . , _ ~ lOond in G~', of l .... _ _ ~. .... 8 PG
,,~,)% ', 9 t'G 15.1!llif: 00'

~20
For a noll",r, i, i, he him><lf ",'ho com;l,,,c. 'hem in order '0 "1"''''

n ,u!;"a"tial ("e' of hi, concCJ"ion of ,ime .
The tenn <'<3"i"""", ".". ",n,' f""orite to I'hilo " 'bo ,,"" ,h" no
le", ,h:>I) (oM)-nin, ,im'" ;n hi. ,'~i"itlg rOtpu., lie us<" ,hi. ~'I'lir'
i")" in nJ "ion ,0 'he con<:<I" of 'dime n"on','" nlo", ""... Uy ill 1he
,",nIC of '""",inuou, ,,,,d ',,"hk','" "n<l " ~)rc 'pecifi<.ill)" Wc con _
ti""ou, ami >table mlldi,;o" 'uear God', '" or Cl-en oftb< co,,"a ney
of 'hing> apt>i)ing '0 Go<I.'" In " 'cUing "",,,,.gc,'. I',ilo dj",ct/)"
as.soc;ate, 11>,. notio" of ,;/),,,0""'''' '0 i" roo ..."n... of ',I"" "hid,
h", "0 dimc""o,,', In lhi, con'<"', he d;'ting"i,he. ",h." i, 'dimc,,_
';oule,", ""'U",' ,M l"",mO'i ~l" from "h",;, ,bcribed alld found
only 'h' renu' of dim"m;o",' (3,no,qjW"<~ ""'.;j,
Time '" di",em;on ;, th<:n a poirtt ",ell ,",onh_rdkt'ing "I>on, in
Old", to 1',,,,,1,,, 0" 'he o\ne, imr<>r1 a"rih"lL~1 '0 'h" notio" a. ''''11
a, ,h. dG"'ti fi"",ing from it , I~b, d", tenn /),aa"lJUZ ("",cn";on),
the tcno 5",.,.,,,,,,. dinte",iou "pplied to ,int, ;" "0' :tU i","<o,io"
of O 'igtu'" \\l,iJ<: , 10"Ibm", ha, a "P""ial J~"i 'i01' in the S,oi" phi,
1oS<1,hy of ,;m,', ,he I""", " """,,I bl I'IOt'''''' in tci, '''"~'m, nt of
,i!O~, Tt ... '~"n ,i~,';.,.n,,,,, ea" be foo",1 a, a gnod """'f poh' " of
the f:n",I/d" pa"ic""rI; in the ..",ion "'here the 'I".><il)n "f ,ion<
alKl M~nlit)" i. ca""".,,,l.''' Tt... "'0,,1 5"",,,,,,"i dimeosi,., "". u",<I
in t!J<, l\"OJ,latonic ,,,,au,,,,,, of ,ime, '00: ," ,ime i, a 'dim,n,;"n "f
lif.. ' 5"'""",,~ to'~.I, '" ",10",."., 'e",mi,y' ,,;o.v) is ' dim"n,;onk..,'
("a"'~''''QV and '''Oil lempor..r ID" l.,...V,"".,,'"

221
0" "0 ,"CCOU1", howe'""c. ,Io:x.

,hi, "Jgg~" tha, O rige "-, ,.,~".
are in ~")" w.y related to 1\eo~h>to"i 'm. For Oue thi ll/!. he w","
",""11')' P'M' ohl~r ,b,u, l~oW'u'; I,,, wrOl. hi' (0",,,,." 1,,';'" 0" ,h.
P",,'orl), \" ]ICfl;" 'h" ""I;"" ~ <li",",.,';oll i. ("",,<l
238 '\']). '" Takillg t'"O "lO CO"", ,I"" ,he H"_ "-en, mmpo..,d
whe " Plo,i",,, wa. r,uher aged. it follow. ,h.t wbeu Orige" ",ad,
,h.,... "'"I<ni",,, 'he fM,,," h~,1 no' I>CM' ,",'nuell yet. 1k';!I" . ""wrd
ing '0 I'I00inu,. ti", " wa. not (rc",,,d a. a b,,,,ng "'" of "oll.being,
bul il foll""" d "",,",'n " ",,ICiSI)' "",i"e ".",,,.' "hid, ..... in ',h:.,
'IU;';' lif,,'''' ,,,>..-e,l ,,"<1 ,ime m<)\"d ,,;,h if' "
Ik"cc. ,imc ",.. emtill/!" 'bo:-fore' tillle, a> i, wen:. 3",1 it "'-as a'
reo, wi,lt ,It< ""roi,) in rcal l>ribg ' an,l ' .J,hougb i, W," IIot )"e!
,imc. 'it \;'-1" qlli" """. ". Ti",,, "'" ,,,,,,le 'a""on~ "g '0 'lte pa,
'<]"1\ of ,,en,i,)". :."d ,.. ib ',.0'-;"1: im"!:,,..L!'
Orig<"'. I'iew of ,ime i. ill """">C.
ratlicaUy Mrc", " 1 r,,,m ' ltc
l'l"""ic olle :u f1"~"'r<l, thi, cmeial l>oiDt: to l'luo , ,ime i. ~ mO\
ing i",ag<" <>f ".mi,y. Tlte ,-er.,- term ;", ..... CO,, ""'". lIlat ,;me wa!
e",,1ob,h<:<l in ,h e " -,,,id I,) Ih~ l).-miu<g< "" ,h:., " ren.i" 'Iffitti!"l
ex;"", b<-h.C'<'"" ,hi> world ,,,,f Ilk.... . ,, "'..... "', imag...
i, the ckrnell ' b) mcaIL' "f which ~ n alTdi.,ion and rc,",mhl"~'e i,
cstahli'h1 ]>C'''CCII Il ere and Ik).'on<l.
Ily corn",,,. Origen', ,i",,' is , bccrl)' contnt)", i, i, exacd)" i" term,
of ' paN" '1nd 'im. ,b~1 ~'" ~"hcal ,..hi,m 1.0<'"'.''-''' ,), .. 1",,,,,,.,,<10:,,,
0",1 an<l Ih,' worl<l i, p""r,)..:d. Time d." "'"
c... bli,h an)" " ffinily
bo" ""'n ,h,' d;"i"c lif, . "d 'he worl<l . On ,h,' rot"car;.. i, i, ,"".... tl )'
in lmn.< ofh,", ,ha, 'he "'<lieal h""n. I><t",,,,,, (",,><,.,... '" l~oli,,,,, ti"'~ ;" lift (of Ih. Soul),''' '"
O rigen i, i, hu' a rvuu,.1 t/crutu, n.mdy, all ,!cm .. n, in !he m"!:c
" I' of 'he """I,\. So. alrLm'gh Orig.Il. life ,,,,, rt"pl..-oint. A, m.... '
,~ Cf. M'<l<",n", 'l;.rl. 0.;,;.. " M/-o.- _ _ Jro l mIt 1..-.1, ""rio, 1%<I,
pon.
,~ ~""""". IILl . IO.
'" f:--l. ,.IILl . I '-
,~ 1."_, m" 11
'" ~""""". II Ll, I1.
,~ f""""". IILl . I ),.Joo, 111_7_11 .
,. ~, m . l. lI.

i, co"ld be ",id ,,, ,, he found i, co "'-~n i c", ,0 mak" ,,,c of a ,em,
which ,,-.. ,-cry deru- to 11UJo. ,..
The S,ok. ,lid nlll "'gard lun. as a d;,,,.n';,,,, oflif._ In COn'" ...
mitf to dU'i, ",,,,,nali,m. lh,') by .nd I'rg<: cotL<id,-,col th,' '''(uF~1
Ch"FActor of ,I.. cosmi~ mOl i",\. Ik"'ieo. ,Ite-,- did not h"ld an)- e",ha-
tological id.",. To ,bem ,ime wa. nOl related '0 all)" t"'",cen,I<""
re~litj" wl",~-or. "'b~t ;" more. it "'" u(~ ""igne(i 'W\ theologi_
cal . i!\Jlwance or purpotl.
11O){in .. ,. on , he mller h."d, ''''a" ,I... S'O"' "'fmition of ,;me a,
'exoe " ';" ,, "'i, ,, conte mpt . I-Ie gro""w hi, ~ri'ici.m on ,h" lad of
<l"b""'t~)Il of the StOK: (ldinition ami 0" ,,-hot he >CC> ' " ab.ene~
of sound ",aSOb in Ihdr ~CConnt. ~I )" ,iew 'hough i, ,ha, ,I", argu_
"'enmi,,, muod of I'o,inu' ""'" from a ,ie<T"''' moo,,,, ,h a, is. hi,
,ljs""iJ. fo' m~'eri"h"n a"d. "'-CD 010"" 11. ,t... r~Ct ' h~\ 'he SlOic~
d~te rm ill e time only ill ",1 .. ion 'co ,he l'isibk ,,,,,t,-';'II "'-corid_ 011 ,h<
f"cc of it. 1 1,~;' .... >tt]". '0 challo"g<" th< Stoic 'c"c' "bout wbal i
rul. I ,biuk. ho""-.'. Ibat ,,h., he reall), challelIgeo is 'he S'OIe
1tWlfiQ1il., "",I ,he I.ck of ~n)' oouo" of /1"""f1(Iinw . h, effect I..
""acks ,10" at..."ce of a ' b,"ol'~ acc'l',~b", '0 him; he ,dso "'I'u-
iliate. ,he S'Qic in,i~~nce on .,,,,,,,iaU)' linki ng Ihe not;"" of ,,,,I
"ith ,",''' ", i. a botfJ. TIK" cm",,... Slcm. from a I~,inl of 1\~)( ,"com_
]>a, ibilit)' hetwc", Stoici.m ""d 11()ullu'. T() th e fono" . it i; only
io ,h. "",., au,"".,,.d ,.,,, ,,. ,h", iOCO'llO",,,1i1)" ;, gr:,w,.d ",,,.li,),.
To 1~<Jlin"_<, on ,he ("her hand. mal1~' h .. ", 1i"l~ hold 011 n:Ali",
th .. ma'clial Ih;ng< do not (bc'", a distinct ,~" of ,i><ir ""." '"
" ;,, .ch""" of ""ing.
Origcn i; -,r from ,ba kind ()f &.v u,c; he h.kl both " "()tKln of
"I4k'ti4hly lof ,he em;", wo<loI) "~rod " oo,io" of ,I ... (h',ne l """",.~
h ,. 11, i_, no, di,mi""i,-,' or ...omf,,1 of cilhc' cO'l"-',,-alit) or i,,,co'"
I~".ali')'. nor clO<"' h< impeach 'h" ali,y of "i,hcr of Ihcm . nc.,-
are l>o,h fullr ,,,al. if pe'L~ining to di tl~",", r.", ~, of being. Th". he
c~ " UI.;ke use of Ihe S.oic 1i'''''fl!IJa, "" ,,-eU "" of d,e :\"roI'LttOllk:
Ii,&"""", ;,nd <i~,Mta"". and yel atlri ","e time "b impon ".. fitting
ex.-)",i,cly hi' ""',, IIIougl" .
,~ Cl 0. .. '" '... - . ;'. A, that poO" PhiIo .''', .ru" ~" ~ '" U.. b..,
proI<.aor; or .... ' or..! phil"..,oI.j-. r", h.. "" ","puung D< _00. l.. ing <!wn ><>-
""'ring m. '"u""" of <ach ""'" in unfloiling ,,,,,(im';'" ~;(hum , gap D< L..-ok
.i3> om<l, ... ,-

223
T he (I;,,;nct;on I."",,,,,,, ,ime a nd the 'om"""" ;",, <.>f ,hi, ",orld' ,

or the "' n,c,,,,,, of lifc ', made ill 'ht romm~:pJ., Fr. IX an,l ""p",.', IO,
,,,,ph.. , h. ;u,eU"",u.1 d;" ;",,oo" I~'\"''''''' 'I""'~ ",,,I tim . It ~
'hrough d.., ,,,.:ilili,h,,wl)1 of time ~, a P"" "r ' he malo."p "r the
""()rid ,h." 'd"" lg<" a,,(I 'altern.' ;(.m ' malo: ""n", . Th". a ratio"al
""tll n: i> 'c hangeahle ,nd cou,-crtible by ' he '''I)' couditi on "f i,,,
bei"g cTea'ed for ",IMt '"'' uot ."d bocga" '0 be i. by ,Iti. '''ry
faCl ,hown \0 be <.>f ~ chanl(l'~bl" naw",'.'" 1\ho. 'ra,ion,,1 naw", ~
ch:"lg'"bk ""d c"",,"rUble','" ."d i, " .. '''er..",,,, foe (;00 10 ma ke
a hodil)' na""". c-"I~,blc <.>f ch:mging ,,' ,h. ere"'o',",;0, by an
ahe"";on of 'Iuaii,ic>, i",o e'.-cr,-,hill g ,h., oircurm'ancc. migh'
requi"'.'" \fha, i, called '"",en",,' of lh,. "'odd pro,;,I,., ,he .." .
"og for ' he drama <.>f the world ,hat ;", the drama <.>f G(>d', rtla
rioo.hip ,,'ith r~li",,~1 (",''wo,' ro 'ake pINt: !h<' ',.n.c"u-,,' . ,1".,..1""",.
pr<J,'ide, the placo. to i, th..... "gh tVw ,1,at act;"1\ .nd m",'cmc" , (" "d
,h"., dmngc "uti "il c"" ioo) ca" make >c'''< a lld be real izcd . Tilllc
,hen is a 'dim,mio" (>f life" ror tre~'urtly f",.,Io", ,(> make stn'"
a-",I '0 I.. ruliud_ ~'or ir i, ol,.,ious ~",' b~rdI)' oo"ld e",~", ,,,Il-'
f"'I:dom mak,' se" "" U. "'<l" I",c:di,) . T''''e. a. " lI,<imJI" c~lc,,
.ion\ i, ,he li,,,,,,,,,,-,,
dime",;"n ~I o " g,ide "hieh ,""rld "'0""
,o,,"a,<is ' he cll d.
T he cOllc'l~ of ali,ao,a,o.; dimensionl"", ,.,. awliN ,(> ' hI: ,li,-i.nl:
bfe h,dic.,,", d,;; bfe 10 I.., wlaUy I ~')'o ll d 'ime. , illet: Goo:l h,mself
i, I>o.')"olld change "r altcratiQtI: certainly i, i, ' '',' ,,,,,ide ll lal th., the
,,-rm 'di",e';"II ""-" i, ""ooci~"-d ",'i,h ,he lCnn 'cal"" (n ,den'IIC'
'0 'he lIat< of 'he di" ine rrality.'" ':'''I)1hillg in ' he di"i", life i<
IInch.,,~1 oince it ;" ""rlttL 'n\;" i> "lty. at """,heT po;",. the word
';""1<>,,,,0.; is liS<"<! '0 i"d;e~,~ ,..h~1 i; (.""io. pU.ili'~ ""d "'" ,u l,.
';" el 10 "h,"g<' . '..
,~ Not. IV.i .S.

,~ Not. IV.i .8.
,~ _ , IV. '_6_
, ~ ..",..,. 2, PG 11.161l.
,~ ""go><)' of;)" " r.;u,r~. r-.-, Otio:<" iD "'" <t;,tin<1ioo _ . "",00-
. ": ." "Pf",.,,,1 '" tt.. '.w..,D _
"H~""-.J ,...... ,) ~"" L i, 'coruaOntd ,,;ohio d; .... m'. _
~,onk,,' M;nc ,"..lit), rii> """m, "", <a\ ~'a.'""o " ",,, ____ M _ ",,01
10 ~ >'O(p6" .. ,1 ~"""''''' ~;,!J, ..... ~ ",_ _, ''G <{i.IS: Ii.tr ... rly
in I)" _~ ~ ~j . 3; PG >1.2 12. Th" [J""..,.". odh...-.""" '" Orig"'" kT_
n u ~ i. panKuwfr otriIOng "' c..~. F_ _ _ ' I~ PG ';.913; .00/. loc,l.
,~ ",,",M. 1.

~21
O';lI"n CQ,,,ide,,, ' ime "" " "<timen.iQn' of 'h~ ...wld and 1n,IV-
(Iucc' th e ,~nu '"""ched Qu' nIo" gli(lc ".. i,)" """~,,p""r"v"""~
in or<kr 10 P'''''''')' th~ "':';' ,..,1"000 of lW. (h",en,;on m ", hal, hy
ab>'<ac!ioll, I", "~Il, '"01(;1''''' of ,hi, "'-orld' allu(\illg [0 "P"ce p"'p"r,
a, a co"",i,uti", eklll<nl oflhe ,w,id). In doing >0. he aCH!"lly """m,
m hm'c an in"er gra'p of what onl)" ;u 'ho tweu,i<th <c",ur)" "'
mooi,'1 "" .pace-t im<. I cannot know to ..-h~, nton' hc ...-", c(~l _
""iou, aJl(1 had a clear C()~c,ptio~ of th;" .-.:ali,y: "ill, "'.. en if he h.,,1
'lICh " """0"1'100, he """ Id h",'" "~'''cr "xp,-""Kl"d 11"" in " "'p'
antIC "oali>c , r or he ,mphasi-e, tha, hi, )~"po ..: i, 10 cn" ..";', ,,
thcological ,i",,-. , "0' ",><:0;0", on 'lue,,;on. concerning ,," U f<
r,oo'OM-r';" .'" \\1,ether ",-"'l'enhd"",. he had a dear co",";o", (o~ ,
CClltiun of ,h. ",ality of 'pae,_time or '''It.
I eau ,a)" ,ha, h. b,,,1
ao i,,,,,il i,,n of "'al.""
Ik, i<k Ih;". ""'.-cnhd,,,, he hold. th e p,)'ch ol"gic~1 and phon"""
<1lologic.1 ,li,;,iou of ,iDl< in 1'""- 1'.-e<CII' "",\ fllt" n" : he .-efe" to
E',d. 16. 30 ,'ami you h.wt: thn" ';n"" corumill'-"d fomic,.,ioll ami
comown,. as foll",,~: ""tur Ill<: IDre.., ti"",. 0; ,pt" ~~l cornpri ...
,b e ...b"le :t<..,,,",>O, while ,,' ''' '''Ilwr looiw I", "'f~" 10 "\be for", cr
and 'he 1''''''''''
a",1 ,he fu,uTe 'h itlg-<"".""
III '''''''''JMn cam""i ll~ 'hr _~glliflea llcc of tCl''''' hc rete,," '0 c.u,_
.. nCe in rdatiou '0 ,bc p"n; of ,i, ,,c. namely to 1''''''
1''"'''''''' "",I
fown': lb, fo",,,, ,dc", 10 wh,,' ''''ill cxi,,' 10 tJU ,w "'''~,,, ,.'''' h
i, :.I.", qll ilC illdi<;a,i,-. of hi, cOllccplion uf lime"" Iha' he ",fef> to
the "lU "gdoo~ of Goo' "" " 'c"'Hcrnpl:a,;"'n of ,hc I"''' :.co", "-, '""O'lS
m3de' 1" """ ""'" ai.",UIV . ..-hile the flllLm: tim< i< sta'ro "' ""COli'
wbi<h ",ill bc m",I~' (l<'"~"O""'UIV ai';"",..,). T he mct!ning of thi .
'co" ,,'mplation' h", a Mfc",,,, d"'n'C!<" iD ", I ~OO" "i,h<r lO (I". pas,
or '" ,he f",u",: c<'fcrring 10 ,he pa" \,., hich i. ~ I "-"d) 'm~dc',
th i, co ",empla'~)Il Ill,'an. "m<morid (~viu<a, of ,11" 1"'-" a"" n ~ '"
In 'he c"'"' of fu, ur< . ,h i, ol'OL!ki he ""d"",oOO '" a kind of foro_
iwo..-Ilgo oc ,"t;"i!',,,;o,, , 'l1,u, ,i",c i. '"""c,1 not o,J), in ton",
'~ u,. ,v. w.

.. (>;;g<" ~ ".;....,..,. r..""s of __,.,.".' b)' "" "m "..",,' er
..Jh, ~_
'" utF-c. 11) " PG j3 , ~'3_
'" """"". 18,

... filM., L
I", Cf >111'-'. 9,
... uti'>. 1~."", 1 131;., PG lHI%, llll, l Sn.
'" sd"', '6. I'G lZ,I.H{I,

225
of"" objocti"" ""ality r"'"cd IQ the "'orld, b", abo .. cO"",,,i,-<:0'" CO",.. (0 a PO"'I ,"'I,;"h
","'Cms to h",c 1",<" 1",li"g;o f.r_ .\ 1) ",,;,>1 i, tll .. it C~I\ rK'"' I",
conc!ll,i""ly .. Iablish<:<l 1"3' il '"'' Origen "'h", " 'a, ~<"1"all.,. th e
"'urtt of I\ugu>tine', tbeory mtimt.
J. Call, I"", ,,"rut< a ,..,,,k"" "'Kuiug ,I"" i, '"'' Il",~ of Ca"",rc;,
"ho i> ,bt ..,,,"'" of A"s ,,,,ibe', , h",,..,. m 'ime. C ... bh",,, ",,,,r
ri",,,, "r~ i"ro,~ "'''I) 10 ,h. exlC,,, 'hol h, ' ,,,k ... Ib,i)", "a'emcn"
a!.>u," tim" to be oTigill'1. T h" .., h"""-e'",,c_ at( arige,," "',,.,, <'p,,,,.
gO", r-cpeatcd ,-.:rh",i",. Ihhal" thiug> wouhl ba,-e becu clearer if
,h~ Capp .. loci,, " ' had e><plkattd thal their "If",,,,,,;,,,,,
could " Ot
daim origina~,.,. .in"" 'h~' wer< mer< ftl""itko", of Orig""', 1"',.
C"poo",. John Call~h"o ,,''''I' ' hi' """~ it) 19S8. A. I,,," ... 1983.
R. Suralyi '" ,,"," tn Callah"". " ie". ~",I (~lth ough h" ha, .. ,me
'~)I,b" refcrriug to th< all<ged i"fiuc"ce of Grt"go'}" of l'I:'y"", UI~'U
Augu>tin< he e.,nno, bio,,..,lf ,,,h,, what he reg.rd. a. a my~,"'}~ .
H,' "'gge"" Ari"01"Ii,,,, . . . 1"""i"\" """,",'" of i"U\" '''ce upoo
1\"gU>lU'C,'''' 1", ( he "~'c.'" ,h., he ;" ,1<"Ie,.,.,-.d fr"", ,Ir""'i"g co" -
clu,ion, I"",."", ,-.f A"g""i"c', s1ow!",,-, in ''''''I" irillg Cr.'C'. ' he
l"'g"a!(C i" ,,'hieh 11a';'1 a,~l G""l(')f'" wrote_
Af1;U;ug 11"" B"",I i, 'he .ourtc of Augu'tiJ,., th<o'}' m 'in ,e.
Calbl,aIt al.o "!,,--ab "f a '1'",,1,-".'" ,i"ce 110"", " tlO ",idet,,"e ,I""
l!Mir. ",ru'ation "f E"n"mi,,, (Ihe "'-..... k in "'hidl 11M1I", vi",,, "f
timc .rc f"u ,tt!, ~nd ~dd"cc" b) C.lIah,,, '" wid<"". " ..., <"e<
'ramlwd i",o btin, iD "'1\01< or in 1'""_ He :illo ",fcrs to oh" cur
re", <>pinio" , nbo<a ' \ lIs"" iae', ~rni,",1 u-.""Icdge of Grtc k. "I""
ciaU)' al Ih" "'Iali"el) cady "g~ "'''~o h" "'rol< tb~ c,,'!fissi ,.
,\ccunii"g to th cse "pi nion . Augu,tin, "0,,1,1 not 10 ..-. I><.'C" ~blc
to read Ih~r. Gre<k ,,'i, h ,he f~cilj ,)' ,hal th e .'\"pt3ti m. "f 11""il.
idca, in th ;" chapter of the Coo;.""", ""o"ld """m I", "" luil'O-'" Ilti.
rai1C> iu,uI",rable diffic"lt;", to C"".,h~,, ; hc C'd "' ~)f exphiu b",,'
,.. J. c.IloJ"" ..." , or """"I-' or

C..... ...,. ,I """. ""'''''' ~ SI. ,lOS',";,.. ',
time. //, . .... _ .. Cl&.ti<oI 1'IOkMt1. 63 l%lJl. PI' ill 5<
.. 11.- "-'not.;;. _<ir.. I~ " <).' - % .
.. 0,. "'-. p_ 2"'.
,.. 0,. "'-. P. :I'JO, ", I '
, . 0,. n... p_ us.
' " t"", ~'h" IN-"..-..ro. . . . ',li/OOilt'1"'"-"'." IN- d .,. "" ~'<ri I' ILL ~'arrOO.
SmI ,1'IP' .. " .. fiIl .. .. ",,- ...~. P.';', 1(1'9. flIl. 2) ' '1b, 6.l1 6.11.

~26
Augu,tin, could ha,'~ "",. c"me iu cOllla<l ",;,h !la';!'. ,,..iling> . It .

"c'"owlcd~",. that h~ c.'uDOl ."b"'"1i.,c how Ib,il mighl ha\'~
intlu,,><.d '\lIl:'"u"e. ~'''all). 10, sa)", lhal he c~,",'" ~l""~p' .")"
.... Iu'ion '0 lhi, 't",esIjonm ,,,1(1 all 10" c""dud<" a' th" ,-",I of hi,
WOf. i, ,h." lk,.j] infl"cnc~d "ug, .. ,i no " hrough ,,,,,ne cot"ac1 ,10"1
C3""ot a, I'n:","l be dc'enuj"cd'.'"
J lhillk I "~,, now oflcT ,1c6niti,'< "",I ."I",,,,,,i.tcd aJl"''-OCT to
"'h~, I"., for a long ,i!l1< I""" n:ganled a, " ',l iJlic<~, '1'"'';0'''
ro,'.
I~ t. .. 19+9,. 'puulo-' IC ..lI~h"n . J958) ~nd 'lH)".r( So,..~t~i,
1983,. T hi, .ru,,.-,,r ca n I~, pr,,,,;ckd 0'" of ,h. dUcU";Qn ,Iou, far.
'll,en: is no "ced l(, >carch fO T somo co,,,.'" tI",
CawlO' at I're",nt
b" cklenl1;"ed' he,"""n lI",il an,J '\I:'o>u",. I'or i, ,,a. Origell " .!to
di=~)' iuf]""n-d th. Lw ... How "ugu.lilO( c.l r"~ in ("nmc, wilh
Origon'. ""riu,,!:> ;, "0 "')">1<0';'. A, his ';0\". O ng.'n'. "'-0,1<; had
I",.n lran,J'l<d ;"'" I..:.t;", ,Iu,,;"g Augn>!; nc". lifc';"" (354 430
J<w"'< 'm n,j,,,1 ~ l..-g" pan of Origcn', I/"",i/;'; ON IM,~ 'If So""
(t.31:1O .igh, homilie' 01\ h ai.;h. fu""''''l h"'n~;'" ""Jercmi.m. thirty
";n,, ho""ilia on tuk ~nd It" t;"". 1 ~.n>I;o,", 1 ~w C....-ry "" ""
Smg 'If So'\!:, (e. WOl. lho: I), It",,:ipw. ho",ilies "" &lbJo.>. Gm.ru.
~:<I)I{",. (4;';'",. josh.o.~, and. "how oil. the C"""""1ary .. ""
Epblb to "" R""""" aOld ",h<c ,,-or of Orige" . It i. "1.0 pl,,,,ibl<
th o, ,-icw. of the AI~x""dri:w 'night ha,-e bttn n:lai"'llo AUl(" "jne,
,ino:e ,he form<r ,,'" h;ghl)' rcp,,,",1. lu ah) <,,""'. AuguSl ;h. ""." "
to I", a""re Qf O ';go:'" ,'i<"". '; n~, ;" ,,,b';<)n to "lh ""'"C"",
he ""." 10 him b) ""mc'"
Tho 1'''''''11' of Ila ..1 which C~I b.hau p"'l~)n, '" ha", iullu,nccd
Augu"iu, i. from ""''''., E.""",itan. I. 21 . I" 110,,, """i"", ~il "ate'
,b a' "me i> "0' ~,. ,,,o,:< ,~."l i,..,lf of h ~a,'",J) hodi .. r", Enn<,-,j\"
alkgo:d hUl ;, ;, "Ih o ,,,,-n.ion "h ieh ;, sl.n;'chcd "u' alvng;i't.- " ilh
th e c."""' ;lu,io" of 'he """kl* lr-:i'''' 5< On ID "U~lWp,~"W';""",'
rii """''''''' ,on; ."""~"" 5ta,,"W,,).'''
., Op. <iI.. p. +I{),

., .... ~'.. p. 'S(l.
". n. -.m.~ xuu. Tb< ""' ... n....,", do~ "".""", ~h.-h ....... ol", <"'"'
KO ~ltich ,'uo>;u06ne ~.. . U>dth'<t tu 0rit"" <Iudod H. A...... iD "Aug.,,;.,, u, w>d
o.w"",". II.,,",,*, J~, 19'oO.~. 1 ~"1 .
'" ...."., F_ _ , I, ~l. (I>iM>;. 6i ""; ,. """"".. ""'"...,....,. <ji ~"
i..-.,
~ .00""" ;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,;; .,,,,,, <Op""" . . ' ('-<10' ;, fiu "",1_ ,1", _.... fl..
..".~ ....... ",_<-, """" ~'" ,~.r;,,,,,", 4 ~pu6\otfP'J" l'tfP'J" hi"",,
'""""""'" .... ,;, Iv ; ;.;.a<O<" ~ ....,"'. ~,,,,",,"a .""lIoi... ~,,,,,,. !or

227
T hen' i. no ,<nn or ",pn,,,,,;"n in th ;, d" finiti on of ' !~,j/', ,,hie.h

ha,. not .lrtnJy bc.-n eOU rlci.l1cd by UrigclL He TCJ"'.'"
thi. defutiti"u
"ot O'"Y ;,t "pi";,. bu, aI,;o ;" kner. ,\ , " "",,r of r"",. b, "'il"",
O";;("n, ''''I',...,..;"n, tlwm,d,',,,'" T h" Ik., il d;,1 no, ",,!~ica '" the
f~c.t ,ha, h;, 'Utnne" " ar< h"l mer< '<1",ti';()Il' of ,i<".. and ~.p",.'
,;,,,,, of hi> """er i, " hi!lOric and >c,iou, ,)111;"";':,,,.
A, thT ",,,,e pmll ' of .hi. ,,-o,k. lla,;! .-goe. tha, the """,em,,"
of " .... doe. ,,01 ib<iieu wh.,' tib," .. hu, ' how "1\I,,h' ,ime ;'.'"
\" ~ "oI"mn I"" id< 'hi' """,;,., of .dNms f:._iom. Call. han 'llIo",,,
a I~.."'ge f'om AUgIl>1;no. C""fosi-u X.23fr 11"1>.;" h< cum.. '0
comp.rt thT two p.=gcl he "-,,,:r'" tha' ,100mb '0 'he definition of
,ime '" ex",;"n '",.."ehed "''' a lottg>i,I~ "ith' iDw.ap<",,,vi>!J"""
5,6.ct~~a l ,\ugu>ti" . w"-' ahle '0 a,..,r .IL" ,ime i! a d;'lmlw, .. . "..,11
a; cl,,", time is some,hing di><;n<' fro m ,h,' mO"""" ,,, of h,,,,..,nlr
b.>Jiu..'" It i, true ,ha, ,h, "~.)' ,< ron <'I!1'6ap"~'ci"'''. '"W'''
' he
'~>1i"" of 'dimT Il ";o,, . ho,h n.c 1l u..J1y and e.)'" ,ologic:J1y. I" ~,l,li,
tiot,. " ,-""nhd"". a riSen ,,,,,d ,h. "ru, ~'''''f''O''; ... ~lrtady ob"",,.
H,' nr, l\ugu'lo'~ did 0o, h~ ,," to "'ink tIl ud, Oil ,bi. or '0 make
all) ;, J~,....",..,. or disc",,.;.,. 0 ";;;'1'11 h"d aI"""I)' l>Olra),c,1 ~,c fu" ,
,L,menlal p'I'(.p, io". cka'l)' ."d ha<! it",,>Juced 'h~ apP"1lria,.
!C nllo\Olog)'.
I -=od""" Callah"o', p<><itio" tha" "~e" Augu>lo", imroo:lu c," Ih"
!Cm, d"lmM 'I'c. ki og of ,unc. "'k " I,, has U, ",ind is Ih~ "~I'"."
oion "~I'~ap' ... m'"""". tji """''''''' ,ov '''''~O,,-l'' ,\ , a m~tt~T ..,f
(,<1. ,>I, ohli'I"" ,..-f,reno<' 10 tim e", dim <ll sio ll i. inh .",n' in the
nl',~,,;oll ""1'~ap'.-.~,,0jJ"" N li,';",q~a i,,,,,lf Tht. io part of the
,..,""'" "h)' thi. crucial 'er", ,h o,,1d be ...igned ' hc importance 11""
i, ",aUy de",,""e' .
110"" ' ''', I d" " 0' cnoo"", C.lbh~,,, ",,,,m l"ion ,I"" ,hi, I"'"
,icllb, Ik)i<H. 'w, COIl" i''' I~' 'Ul i"itu.ne< of I~,,":I " Ikm "n8m,i,,, .
.... M .....' ~ ..,,""""""'. " ~ b,oS/t ;,. ~-. ~', ,;~'i"", . """"'"' l"""'"
"MOO; ,I"", !Io""""Pl'k; &'_{"rn>',
,. FO< ...... nIl &60_ .. on.,m', It..- .. M.a\h', !81 "'''''; G )
...\1......... '5. ~" IS. ~ /" 0...;..". XX\'II. '3: l1me '" '.,,,,,,,he;...,. Ft. I X .
"0(' ~""'<l' ;. """" '" ,I", (\ "'1l''' '" ~1It " lit
'" ,",";'p .o"".l.ll . i:.tp al>" . ......;v,mllov ~ ,t.,i. of ..,",,,,,,,,,. 6UD. 'f,
0;;." " " ... ..,,"" '",. 6o<h'"",,""''' <i'r<o<\,.n """'" _f> 'On ........' "" _""
"'\ .. ,~,,,,f "'''''' >!l l~ '(0('. 00;; .IP'!' ihi/.
,., J. CaI.>han, ...... p. !.
'" J C.JL.han . .,. ~i . pp. 1<7, .)().

~28
For ' his .. a nO\io n of Orig""', found I;>",h in I""er "nd in .pirit
oJike , ill the c""".."tary ... Ill< f;pHH- to Ill< f;phnuuu (FT. IX I. "" "cU
a. ;" the t:../>"SI'" " I ......n~"'. 10, 1l.;, i, " 'b", eluded CaJhhan and
,,11 'he o'her ",hula... "'00 ,<pok,- ~b<,,,' 'puI," .nd 'm)~,, ' ry' in ref
"",nee <0 the i"n".no< "1)O n Augu"i,, <'. 'h"o'y of time.
'n"tc i, a IUle of "",gc of ,he cruc;al 'cm, ,,-hieh come. do,,'"
f,o", Origcu '0 J(,b1l uf D.",,,,,,,,,, 11,e teehui".1 ,,,,,.L ll l"'1 0" time
,dtieh Orig~" ;",,,,,Iueed io ,,,,iI)' 10'.0<,01 in all COI1UnlJ()ll' line or
theologian'. from O 'tg.'n him~jr do"'n 10 Jol)l) of O""'_'''~ In mi.
ch.il!, '\"II'",i ",,\ " "l,,,,,,,,ion ,p.iU.m _pori> i, in f.~c' WA,,J.1.t;Q"
of OngCll " "pre"rioll lPOV' ~OI' J,am-'lI"" u>cd. tor ill""",cc liOlI<:<:d
''';<~ , hI the F,,'gmem m7 of me ~Imy ... .lfIllW",.
There ;, a t>oiUl though "'hieh Callahan eOldd nol 'u.""",.
It ;,
"'"e d'a' O rig""', o<oording '0 C.Jlaha", lIasil'.1 pc"'eption of ,in ...
<".bt,.! ,\tJgu"in,' to r<l .. o ,imo to ""Y mOlio t'- n"t ;, it co;n<ido;ll'
t.t tt"'t ""ch a pcrc<ptiou of t;me kad. to ,bi, ""lie.1 re."It: Tb<
""',,"er io nO, For ",I"" O rig'" il';1i",",1 lti. OWIl ,i,w of time, he
held a rooc'1" of the " '01,t,1 co" ......1 of ,.,nks or I ;f~, Time, as ,,,,n
". "",Iio>\, ,,'a' l'''fC~i'"<"<l 'Os ex;n;tlg in 1111 of , hem. Thu. be ,1<-<-;se,1
a conceptio n ~f time which can he ,dated nQt j t" t to the m"\'C",.-,,,
of 'he hea,-cul)' 1~~lie. of th< ,-;,;blc finou""cut , or C','CIl 0l!1)' to
mm'eme'" of"hmen:, L' ,,;, ;ble. Ti.m';' rtlal<d ",'', '0 moti"" of
,,'odds "I,ieh "'~ '''01 sec'" (hat ;, .pace< od,cr d>ao ,hi. d",...,-
dimC'l>;')Ilal ,'i,ihk ol\e "ill th") an: 'materi,.] ', ' I',;, i, "h)" ,h i, tim<
i, rcl..h-d to "".J "''''"'''' "01 jll" 10 d,r 1\\O,'"mr", of 'he "i,ihlc I",",,
rnl)" I~od ; ~.. or of ma, of anything ,;"ihl. , Fo, aU th~ pa";cooia, world.
which <o, "~ri'" tho coti,.,. IOlle ."d .ingle "'0,1,1 art te"'poral, th"}'
a", "'ovit<8 abol lh,,)" are ',,,.,en,.]. jf "t"M of" ""'''''r '<\0, se,,,',' '''
T hi, i, "I,) titn" h", to I... rdated '0 ""Y n""",,, , 'I'hi, i, ~ 1\otiu"
dr_Jy ",b1<'d to ,h. '1"",;,t 1" ''P'on tl ~" -"'-o,kf ha.,
Altho"gh Ongen ofti;",ol in'I~T\.! ,~"m<Tl " "botH timo '" ~ di"",,,_
,iooL he 'OC<.'t"r ooml>O><"<l all ad 10 tret;oc ( ~ l 'he . " hjcct. '111e re .. _
"'It ;, that work> of 'his kibol " ".", ,~,... a)~ O"lJ~le of hi> in1t'"" .
... \t<>d<m .... "'" ....... uko tl.- I!'""",j ,I ... ,h<: ,h"",- """''''' " m.... of
OY''''r """f"\>i..., ,,,fu,
~',.. of th<-
",-.Iy u... "ni,,,,,,. no. oOotr 91' , ;, -u.ol- ,,,,,.
td , 00 'dui< """'ID' , uoo,k<tabj, Kc tIN- ,ill .. k Ong; ~~ do 00-........ d.1ff' tIN-
I"'"""" " ''''''
"""".J rnuI .. 01' ,h<:;,- u.. urn ....... _]' ""'"".Ji'" aD .... , ' .....n,
.od tl>< ,' ~l" ~"",""",t ..,, "_ of "1'" '>Wen' to thit u.r.".,."

229
II' j,h rt'gard '0 !he '-ery word Ii,a,,,.-.,,,.

,,1i"'m'~!Il, he 'peak; r~ ,h er
by COt",..~", ""n ... l)" of ,u"d~",," .. "s ',um"n,j"nles. '. S,ill ,he mu<}-
,Iue,inn of the 'enn ",,,,,~,,,,"',,""i,",,,," ""'" , ,, Aicie'H tv indicate 'ime
a, a dimetl ';"tI . 1'h" poin' i, though ,I ... "ne ,h"u1d . ",d)" the wh,,1e
of Orige,,', worb ill order '0 dmw hi. c..,-.'al dcar ","c<p,io" of
,illlc. 1'",
if ' here an: ."btle ch""g<' ~)u'Ml at 0,,., poim, 'he n: ..... u
tor tJ,em 10 b<' matk ';on be fo"nd U) 0110 p~. Hci, is " '1""
Aug"stine "". m, not '0
h.,., I"'e " .hle to do, pn.m.I~)" bo.-C"~",,< he
did "", "Ial~'~C '0 h",-c all tIK- Grccl te~" ofOrigrll in l.at i" trail"
b,iOT", """illhl< '0 him. l'I",in!! "b,'i(~!d)' "'~ c(Mnprchrndc(1 Origco'.
cOllttptio rt ellh",l)" b. amH:' at ,hi. co " d ll~<n' :
1'1"" i, ""."" to " .. ,h., tim.;, "01hi,,~ ", I"" ,b ... :tl, " ,cmion Jis--
_ .,en,"'"
" "." ",h,, ,;, i< _." N, I (\0 n'" Imow. It " ,,"Id be 'u" ,
I''';';og if;, "'er< not 'In ",,<u,i,,,, of ,be "-"~ """"' ;"df' "
Ha,l Orige" afforded :<n ,~]!bci, '""co\"" of lu. ,'ic'" or , ime '"
,lim,'n,;on,'" Augu,,;n,' .",.,1,1 kt,,,,, .. h., ki nd of d;", . " ,iO!, ,i'lI\"
i>. The r" C1 i., h""',,,'H_ tha, he ,,-a, ,,,",hI< '0 compf'tChc!t d ,,!td fol_
low Orige" aU !h< ",.)". Ho"cc he ,",e11l' 10 "'ok rd'ug<: '0 I'o,i",,,-
<"'teC'ptio " of lhe ",tlure of lime a, 'dime",io,," . It ba, be<n "d",,_
que",J), nrgued ,bm hi, coo ccp''''" of ,ime ,,'a, iufl""""",1 1>)' ,ha,
of J,,,,in,,. '" \1 ) "",," j. ,h :" "-,ch,, d,;", ;, "0' ""j u,til;,-<! 10 ~
ce""in ""~n, _
-rhi, i, a IrdglC iro"l". For al, h""Sh i, "'" Origc" ,,lto made tlte
radical 'm",fon"~,io,,, ~nd i, "'''" he ,,ho ,k,,~letlly ""abli,.",,1 a
,;"" of hm" "miI)' ,wrc~'" f"-'tu .,,)' 1'la'Oflic or ;";wpiatouic
0"..-1 i, ,>0'" pt.c",i 0"";"" o"hodo~ "ccu"'d of Ih'ol\i,,,, ""d
""<'Op"""n;"" .
0" 'he oth .. I",,,d, ,'ug""i " e . u(cu mbe,1 '0 <crl"iu percg>tiou.,
of 110, inu'. Hc <:en";"I)" h.d "', i",..,rurate ",o"'lcdge of crucial
fao-I> of Orig.o', ~>O\'15b" '" hi' """,,\: ''S''u,,, bim tl) ",,\le slt",,-,,'"
'1'1"", for o"e "':'SO" 0' ,,,,,,th"" h,' did no, l'()ml'n'h~"'1 Orig<-n's
'k),i"n !h., time ;s 01/( ~nd ;, i, " n .~tcn,i"n of th e ~" ""rid.
,. c..~,_ X] '~_
'" <:t.D', ""'= ...... _'-".I:!""'" J,u, ,\~ d.;t<00:<t '-"'Y "" ,00.,-
,""" _~ .,-';l>bIo> to hU". " ;, 0 ... , f~ " .. GkIy Ih>' "'"-"""'"'" " U ""l'-'m
fuI oocoun' or Orig<n', " ....... ~ lOCh ..... 'P"""'] throughout hio writing-.
m cr_ R. Sonhj;, T_ ~ "'" '" c.... ,1'1'- j6S/f
m " ''10''';"",, 0. 1I.,.."lts, "U ll )!;", .. , 1'1. XW'.

~30
namdy ,I~" all ~"00,~!I cr~al"r<. ti"" in /hi, ami 0,., ,ime. Uc.. ~,
he i",roduce,l " ,,00"" of ... 'nngdic ,ime"" which he I""i'ed dq><n_
,I,.", on ,he ",",,,aJ """"noen" of 'he ""get ."" Th". the .,.,g.-l" a'e
\"",od as 1>Oi"od IW''''~'n ,im" and , 'cmi'}. 'he lan., mcaning timc
k"nc,... Ttu, idea of ""gt1>1i ne" i, "agt'"' "" h. c.", '''Y nci ,h~r ,hal
'h e,", n1O,'''",en'' ""0 ,ime nor th'" 'he)' ar" '101, Fiu..uy be oottT,,,
10 ... "Ie fi>r 'he \.icv.. ,h" 'h"y arc mw. Y'" of" ki",1 of it> ",,,,, i,
i; a sor, of qua,;.';me. ~ 'lO,ion e",plo)",,1 in o"l,.e '0 pIl ' 'he ange l.
h,,' n'CC" time and 'b" <ti.i,,,, n"hr). ( 0) an) C""".
one "an h"""U~
he~' 'hi!lk ing tha, th" ,d.,i""
"f th" ',imo" '0
mo\"Omen" of ,he
,,,,,I. "f t he au~'CI, "~, ill ""'!Ice, '111il< ["Cmi"iK"'" of I~otilll'" , icw,
of ,h. q""" ion.
"'one of the..., ot..curi,ie' appear iu Orig.n. For '0 him ,h"e ",e
0,,1) ,n.., "a'''' ,,"ilh re"","' '0 ti",,: '1"",,",~li!J. " 'h;,,h i, ' b" ' ''' ',.
of ,h< e,,,i,,, n",1d (In .n ,he ",nk, "f hf., which comp"'" ill; amI
'/"i""b"",..,. apl~icd '0 the divine lIey"ud. 111<rc i. "" l1ti.~i ll g or
coml''';'''' or ult'nn",~arl . tate be,ween 110.,.., 'wo 'eaJilie', \\' i,h
""pt.,', '0 ,Icis. an,l Io"irh no ."l>sI,,,,ual basis. 1'. I~ ... mal:"" ,b<-
erm",,,,, ..",,'meD' ,h,,,. i" OriS"'" ,in,, is tI.~ "m,,'~. r"'S,k
moti,~. ,.f mi"di.m TI, i, part>':u!." ",...,;on is ;ronil:; for the ""'"
ccptioD of tunc in O rigc n ;. 'Xi1Lt!J tM opJto.iPk ,,, wh," l'la,. ,,1tc~< .
I" fnct. lI"'il use,1 Origcrt', concrp,ioD (a. well '" hi. tcnnu."IC>g))
io onler to pob:ucici<e ag:,ul>' [.n""m''''. nllO oo",,,,,,i,,,,,1 'h'" '6",,.'
i, i" it",lf '"".,ion . \\1,,,, I'l... d"", h~n' i, '0 ..."ibe 10 Orig' " a
"'''''"1'';'''' whil:h ;, diam"ric-..ll} Opl>o,i'" to ' hc 0'" h, 'cally held .
I think tl~" Augustine", falling into ""'ploy;" g "'''''pl,''",ic pe,_
ccpti"", ;" du" 10 the fact ,hat he "'''' profou "dlr i"Uucuccd I>r
Ongen, hu, I," ,..", "(Juany u" "hk '0 "r~)reda" bolo' deeply a.,,1
'-""' " ti .. tl) the \" 'op]",,,nic "'c,, "f t;n.,. a, dim",,,,,,, tug<11... , ,, ;,h
th e StoLe o"tological ddiniti,m of ,ime .. "",,,,",,, "',,, ,""",formed
h)' tho A!e. andruw. I ,,,..u"''' ,hat th i> i, a"".""" ,,'h y ill c"m,a"
to ,, hm 1~'I~"'rlS u, OrigCll tho p. ych"logical ''J'C<'t ofti",," prn-ail
... I" ~ IJ.i. Xll.'6 .

... nu, 'Lc<>rr h..d .......d). b,,," -.1 in "'" M . ~ b ",...11>"" dot ~.
0. c.-; '" _ _ h><o ""I
tal ma"""",,,.xdot . "l!'"~
'-*''''' '" I 8.,od "
.... "'ocribtoi in .,
Gootts M _
r~ .. 1_ _ .
V.5 l~; th<' """".
lV.n. !~ and lk
eor.~ 1J.i. XU.
~. v. r.... . .,. "'-. p. 13.

231
Q'"~r ,h~ objox:'ilw o n~ i" Aug l"l i"~" 'hough' , 110'inll' g<nHal id,<a
,..ru ,IL" ,ime i, """cho,.. d'1)cnckrn on change. in 1hc ",,,l. ,\ugw,inc
...,,. ""wr :,bl. <0 O\'~"""n'" radkaU)" Il'" 1\,oplaoo,cic pri"cil~" of
cl""" c"""",' ;on of 'be (~f of ,unc '0 ;o,,j- CI'O" ' bough h, ",g~n:h
(he n",io" <>f '""w' in an apparen'l)" different 0:."".>1.
It i, nubeT in "aiu 'ha< C,,]l--.h,u a((cIHp" '0 rd.te , bo ' en" "<1.1)""
I~, fo uud ;" h,,' 1I 11.,il'. ""d ,\u~~,"i((o. cOUlpared p''''''gc.) claim
ing ,h at ,he I:",,,r ref",.. (0 ',by" beea u", ,he ror",,, ,lot. ",."" Th.
co",,,"<"ti<>n of d.) to the d,jinioon of (im" a. "X,~".;<>n <5,6o'~~"
and '<x,~",1ed .Iong.i<k ,,;(h' (""~.,,p<.-r<'v"" I "''' rru((1o; by O rig<n.'"
It wa, abo he ,,' ho had >1,,(00<1 (ha' 'he ten(( 'day' doe. u,~ TIIcau
th" CO",... 0[,1\1: '\10' (u,," <5p6_ to> ~~",r6vI"'
Due '0 Origen', ddini,ion;, Augu'l;ue djJ n01 >tic k 10 "" ent;,..,])"
p.yd.oIogical cone,-,pti<>n. b", ""P"""de,1 h;' (b.ol) ;" a "':'OI,"r io
,,hieb 'he p.yd'"Iogi,,,,1 a'l><Cl of'ime incrra";lIgly f.o;J.", gil'ing ron",
'0" ]IIOn: ",~ ,; \"C ,]dilti,; o" of i, . Th i. ;. ,,-by A,";,,";IIc", ,i~w of
,;,0" i. le," pi!yehologicaJ a, ,be cnd of hi. ,di<c1ion ab"", i, in , h.
c...ft"iIIt/s "',," ill (he I"gi''''cing of 1b i, wor\;. So "hell '\lIg",,;n.
cum", ill n~i tl,~ 11,,", f" oc,;",,, of ~\" "'h'd. '" " 0 loo'g.-, n-ganied
a, di>1ill gui,11c'[ ac,i,,""". bu, ",(h "-, ,h".-" "'1""'" of a ";tlgle Jj,-
Imf;". he jU>1 come. in li lle "i,h Ori)l'On ', ,i~w of ti me,
O rigcn iilio beld a J'i'}'chologic.J 1""<'-1""'n of ';me, ,, "-'ll.I)" ,im"
ti'h 10 ",,"prise I"S<. 1",,,"nl ,,,,,I futun:. as ""~ b:,,"~ ",*h ,'" It " ...
,hi, a'I><C( ,ha, j"Au,need Creg<>l)" of ")""'"' "''''''''''' In Orig<n
(hough (hi, i, 'k" a prc\~j ling f,lcc" It,, ,wllI' ''1; 'I"'~k, of ~""""
ory' 1J!>~~~vl of p" ,ime' " "lid of "conl<mp]atioll " (9'Olpi,,) of
fu,ure Or P"" ti"'~,''' .. wcU n, of 'kroo"'i<:<Igc' I,.... .... " of ,hi ,,&",
'~ J . Calbhan, ', <i/" p, ,Hi .

,~ - J__ I. XX'X ,
'~"IP,. 117.
'" A"~,"""..,1d """
ti ..... ........... _ " h>., <h'" .,,-.~. "~ " "",'. """,.
boo ..-.l ",tie"""", Withou< th.m "'">t, ".....,n' _ ',,'U,," <;oD h,,~ "'-' m,,,",
inj" ~ Ch" 'Hill of d", ~...... , XL
,~ 0;/&, '6; <>I""', 'S, "IP"". 2~,
,~ Th~
"""'""01
""," ' _ l"""W' .., " ...~<,. '" .Iw, CaIah.o. "~m' " """"",
ill ...I.o.u..g ~",u., '" G~"'; a l'",hlMn to ",lOCh R, s...at;;'.
j ......... m
~,~, "~ ".,.. 00., ..~ """, ., !..
IUmodf '""""""- T1eR ~' .. ""
;"'ru<'", ,,"''''"' or G""""l' ~iU, A~' .,;,,.. it "-" Orij:<" " ""'"V,' u.., <""'to
.. ;".t!u<""" "1 .... both G""Pl' of l<).... .".j , , _ .......
,~ "rp,. 76,
,~ v/h,9: "u>,. 1 ~; !tIPJ, ' H.

~',l", pf"~'" aod fu, u",','" Still ,h",,,, are al",")-, ",Ihe""e. to 1"Y'
cholo;:;eal .."a:. '!fo~ morio" in ,im" "~Iher ,h :m ""I;oi,,<: ,,,,,I
iodio;~, ing time proper.
'l1,i, is ",h"t cu'''';'u,e fun<J.,mcn,~1 dilfc",Olct b<l"",n Origcn
aud 1'10';"'". To the lan<r, time i, .. the "",L I"" he thiu., "f"
'",..I' which i, " ""i,e ... .,] prWe;ple tl"" ""e~'e' d" world "",I "'1:ry
lbu'g i" i., lu ,ucb " ';~"', rim, ;, si'"pl) 'he prod"c'i.-e lift of d,i,
..-..,,1, io ..-hi,h ' hc """..c'"'" "Old its m",i"n h",'~ th< i' ",i,u",c., T ime
i. "'g""lcd a. 'hr p0,.-er ... hich p,odu(e. motion (~ud dOM '~>I m.a
,me itl, 'Te,."hi ng i.... id '0 I", .. ,ime . -n",; ,ime i< ,'"'ed a, "
J,&(tt""" M, ,Iimocn, ;()), oflife ())ll}' in '" fe"",, it produCtl motion.
To Orig.-n, ou the o,h e< 1,>1\,1, th, dij)j"ctKm of .ime i""1f frum
"""CO, C01.hli,h<-d h) th, lC.m O1ijJ~fJ.-n-{w". I"",d,,,d (Rn ~loog.
,id<- ", ;,h . ",,,de,,, time" d",,,,,,,,,,, ..;',ing i " i..",lf I....id1""".
']l,crcforc, 'he tc"n J,a"",,,., h..., " m<,,"ing r.ldicoU)' differellt froru
th " ill 110tin",. It ;. bce3u,< UrigcTl h;od cOl,,;,Ierc<1 ti lUe oome
.1,,,,,,,,,,,,; {..
til ing diffi:.... 'n lrum l'Io!i",,,' ok (dimension of ~fe', th,,'
,',"!ilt"i,,,.-, diwttw. i, ri~lnl) ,"g.,d.d ~, """,,thiog dilrc ... ", from
th e I~Qtiu i:'" l'Cr<;eptHm of ,ime. Qui,,, coIT<'<tly, J lhink, CaU.h.u
,-,.gard, tills I;co..' ofti)))c",. 'rdJic,I,nw,foTll,;ot;o,,'.''' For. iudcc.:l,
by illtfU<luci"8 the ten" "u~mp",i,... ,, Origrtt "''''le de"r th,,'
tit i' ~,Mf""'" (d;memioTt ha. "",hiug '0 do ,,;th 'he ""nt.~1 phe.
'>oow"a of "'em')', " " "0';0" .,od .",i,il"oo",'" Tj",~ ;" ;,,,,If i,
a u"'u,~l ,)"" i" obj""til'. ,""mo'n it! lh. ,,,,,kc'''p of the wo.ld .
Thercfi"" , pT"C""t rle .., 1'""'"'' or futurity"T"C mo,,, th a" . "hjectil'oc
exptriehc", or me", 1,,),chologie.,1 i"'preMiom.
I .1", ""do,.,., J C.ll.h,o', ."",nioo 11'.1 ,,-;~") '" rh. ,k6,ci,ion
of ,utI" "S " ." """" 'Sh~lChc-d 0 '" "lotlg,id<" lI,rh ~w CO'''';1\, (joo of
th e ..."rld', '\"!iI,,,ioe', .If"""";",, of tim. "" tl,e diilmtW o.imi co,,1,1
he T"Cg~,dl a, simpl}' a tr"n,r"nll"tio" of 11" ti",,; J,a",:o>, 'oni>.
11", the 'f",~c,11 """. fo""",;",, ' of 'he 1\""pl.,o"ic oOT1<q>1io" of
6,,,,,,,,,,,, i",o a ""Iie.II), ,mIcr",,, "(j",, i, u"oo"b,,,,U) ." "ccom-
ph,hm,ut ..,f O,il""
'" ~, 18; ...,,.,.,., :Ill: '''"'. m I , l~, A, ,I, !ooin' ~" ~. "" u..., i, ~
0001)' Gaol ~hD "",...rn a knoo.\Mgr, alluding", hi> ~ .x-God., """"";'ut.
.. ,._,
~ C.JJ..h"" . ~i. ,51) .

233
" ' - ;" a "",J/""

He ,h,." form, f, iJ 0""" ,..., ... acconUng (0 f, iJ fiw(b'~"I",, 1 Chro.;ao
co",iction,. l ie h"" '"0 hc,il~I;o" i" ulilit;lOg 'he " 'orn;"g of l"'If'"
philo",ph;cal ",hoob. Ikj ng ""*,,ti"e to the oxlJ;'" 'h"I hi, own .",,,,.
,;tion iJ ""ncd. He look "I' Iho fimdamc,,",,1 Stoic .... r<q>tion of,in"
~XlO"';OD" yet ho '",.'c,1 i, in ,,"ay .l'pr()l'ri~'o '0 hi, WD
,hough, . In fac, h" ,,,,co,",,1I ,,,b,,,d 'h" "",,,,ia! Stoic rotll:l:P' '0 hi.
o""n objt.'<:';'""" OIl ..... 0"" h"nd. h,' PI" l'aga" "'n", in", "e" ,,!I<;".
0 11 ,h" "'h,,r. he i"il;.",d " tcnn;nolgi' of hi, Q"-O; m<1icul"u,
u,)l1lc ncl:"urc c:q>!,...;ill!!" ' "cry . " Ltlc ",!""'IS of hi. o""u ,;c"'" of ti",c.
,'hh<ouSh p"g"" philorophit.tI ten", "'" ~t<faUy fOund ill Orige".
'hey """,., in ~"'lt hi"g hiJ own Ii"", of ,ime . .\10"""'''. ,b,ir ac,ual
pU'l""" is difre",,,," In rcl~""oc,' '0 'his. m"re ~". certain ,longs
,,hieh .,J,ould I ~ , poi , ,,~d nut .
"nc S'o;'.,. C()u,~lc=1 t i m~~. an ~Ic,,,eut of'hi, " .... kL Tlu. co,,
,;deratioD 'pru"g from I""h 'heir L,d! of aD)" ""uon of ,ran",.,,
d, 'nc,' ~nd ,Ik";" ,';"",1 han "" i"'x''l~,,,,,''I;,)"" l'''radox;e~lI) 'h"'<;,;h.
,he f,,1I ""liIJ of ,im" I"hhough ." ,I<,"e,,' of 'he "'orld' ;, ,",,, I,,,.
impug" ed. "to ""COl'''' of ,he p",mise< ,,[ the SlOic I'hilo"'1'1o ,' a, a
whok.
O rigtn, on the ot/oCT ha",l. h~d nO ",""no ,,, wo",ler whe,her
,ino< ;,,,,,If,, ",,,I . H ~ e""l;citiy aIf.."" , I," tuU "'''Ii,y of i,. "l"i",,. is
a heu'g "",de b)" Coo out of """.I",;ng_ I" f"'-"1 there i, ,;"",Ii,.
tion of ~ "a,e in ",hie1, ,h<re i, no tin\(" ., ~IJ : '"fur time C. Il!k>\ he
r"u ml "'h~1I 'h~ third a"d Ihc f"" r1 )o co nc"P,i"", ,,f Ih< IA>g();O did
nil! exis, a' all,"''' ami Hbeforc .u)" <xistcDce of time ."d "ton 'iD
,he I"'g\n"i" g " ... ,h" Log"" "",I ' ,he Logos " .... ,,';,h God".M'"
Time ;,,,,If i, ""," ct)o U\g ,,,,, .. idc ,h,' Trin;ty.'''
-1"I",,,fo<"<' . tlo cr< w'u a ,""~ in which ' im~ did "'~ cxi" ", all.
Si" ce lim< ,I<x. ".i" n",,. il wOllld be pbu,,;hl" '0 i"fe~ , h", i, comc
into bcing 0'" of 1l(m.beill&- Ilut t/'CTe i. DO need to if!!" tl1 ;, dialce
'ir~lIy. sine~ O";geo himself e,""IC;"wS ' hiJ opini"" : .. ;,10 r~fe...,~e"
to Ps. 54. 20 'Cod ., h.lI hear ~"d ",iU huon;l",te m, .... he "ho i.
Il.:fore ,hc ''''0''''; for ,he)' 10"" no challg<>. a, ,I",y &,,,r II~ God '
hc COH UtoOto" tL""
,~
,~
_ ..J .... 2,
_ ..J .... 2.
"t".
L
' " "-:. '\'.1.2.

Si""" ",.",lUn~ h.>, 1><." """~, through hi"" " ;. ,,,Il .. ool ,ba, ho
<>""" Id"", tl", """". And ,tu,;, " 1,,",,,< "''' l..m ,10., """''' 10. "0
""'". '" b.i"g ""' of """bci",,.'"
I" commJoIrn it i. poin1ro ou' th., t h~ t~I',,:"iOD 'throllgh ,, hoUl of
Jolw I, 3 ~;. Un'", "ale,1 ill ,he 6"" place, ~\(I is al",'a)~ ""'pl"yed
in 'hc ","'Wnd pl:.c.~.'" n.js
~' m;"n ;, i>un,c... od "p h) .pp"~li"!(
to ,ariou. ocrip,,,ntl p"''''~.' . One m ,h ..., ;. Heh. I, 1 2 cco'd_
iug to which God 'b", iu thc--oc 1.., tl,)~ 'POke" " utO u; br hi. SOl' .
wbom h. h.th ap]!Oiutro hciT of all thillg>, hr wbom al", he m"","
' he aeom '''"' " iOw~. Th,,; 'he >criptu"~ a ",horl,)' ;' aJlorded IJ}"
I',,, ,J " 'ho ""'~clte' u, ,h~, Cod nwk 'he "'~,'" ,bl'ough tl ... So,,: 0;0.
on "ccount of h","ng m.cle ,h. ",,,n,,, i, i, 1he onl).b.:gun"n "'I\Om
the ,h,,,,,gh "' hom' is pointiug to:"" TI,i, i, the context il, whith
Origeo auack> Hemdcon for holding" th~, ~"" ither the aeon nor
what i, in 'he ,",OD "" M made ,hrol.gh 'he l.<>go:!. clai",ing ,hat they
"",,. mad<- bo:t"rc 'he l.ogm~."" The ... should I", 'to ,1.",1., 'b~, i1
is ,inl< i"",lf "hich i, m".n1 by ,h" ,,, ... ,, '~,,,,n' in ,10 .... ponion, .
For tho aco n' are explicitl)" ".'etl
a. eon,;,tiug (,f 'yca",' a",1 '(Ia)", :
H. "'M 1,., 1e.,,,,,,1 ,,,. ;odlable ..~ I ..... " 1 ,hi"g< of G"I h...;.1",
"'"'''0';" of ,10< I''''' =on,. ",.I of tl". )"... ,.. it> ,h.. ", ""d of the old
d.,.. ~'Iu<b <'"01''''''' tlv",.'"
A, " "otb.r poiln there ;. ,;milar ",feftuce '0 'da)~ of the Reo,,-,'"
"ncl .-]"""h"" , i, i, ,,,,,,.,j: ..
It i, good '0 "')" ' h~, 0"" ' hould p~~)"
1.0 Go<J ,lay "f",r (J~y. ,,,,.I to ,iug 1>,""i;iJ'g Ih~ """'" of God in ,t.:
.con <>f ' he ""''''-- . In pvitn or ,hi, I'.<alm (,f lh,;cl ""mdy. 1'. GI,
n I' he ex!,,,",,i<>,,] 'to ,; ng prai,;ug th< '"'''''' of ('""i' i, Llo<lo.-.,<>"d
to he ex'ende,1 (_upt"''''tlv) ",,,il the "ex' ae<>n whe",,,,, ",e exp"'"
,jo" "0 p.-:')' 10 him' ",ftlS 10 d,e lil"e. ,,,,;'-h comprises ,\.,~~. ' ''''''d)"
the ,ime " 'hid> i, cou ntcd .,I<>ng"dc ""pa~ ... po~~ ..", c"crybod{.
Jif. ,time. Thc"'fo,.... a, long a, ","'" i" life le' 'IS pr.). "" th~, ".
1_'0""'" aW" to >ing pmi;ing tl", l~ml< of God in ,he on "f,nu"'"
-..
'" "'''.~, PG 1~,1%9,
'" ~J<h.. 2, x.
'" ~
... ,.jp" ;6.
2. XIV,
~, _ 11,.. 15, 31.

... ",r" 00,

235
So I~< ter", " '.;1' is cmplop,,1 ;n omc, to i'Klicate time ;,,,,If. 10

,he light of 1)0,. i, is pl,i" Ik " ito ",f.".OCf i tl J-O> alooot ,I .. 'd"y
of '" gr"~' ~ tl a"')!l' ' ii<; ,,,;:, ,~).tX""'o~ u;~ ~~'pu.;)'" tb . ,<nn
u;';'" '''I(g<'l' ,<ml"":o) d,w";,,n , I" ,..,.",J'ph i, ;, c"nfo, m.l>ly
aAirrn",1 tI,., 'he ocnn 'aeon of ,hi, ,,'o,kl" ;",heaoc. "th<- time "'l,icb
;, .,,,,,<lIed QU' aloug;;de ,,-ith t he ' tnJ<:t,lfC of th ;, ,,'orld fro", the
bo'gi""u'g to ~,~ e"d~. AI th,. ,atrl~ po;,,' ,)"" . is '1'1",,,1 '0 ",~ ""le
oc";pt"r~1 P'''"''li'' It.mdj". 11<1.> , I , ~' in order to 1",;IIt o~l th .. t he
ul',e";Ol' ' ,!rn)(Jgh .,.boln hc b,,, m"dc th" ~"~l; may wcU ;"d;
ea'e ,bat tto" aeon. i ""'a"',,,' ~t ~d""a ).yr-,. ttN; aiol><><;,.
I" re!1>cct of ,I~,. he 0[,"',,,",, thm the exp,-.,..ioo of 1',,,,) ;ll G.1.
I. I. tha' he mig hl ,~Ii'.r ,,. fron' I1m P"""Ht ,-viI ~<"{)tI ) tOugh,
bo' t~k"n "' '''!(g<'.li ''g tlo ., t; m, it""lf th., i . the "',il """,,') is a
h" ing ercat","", )-[o"",-er, h~ make. the ca>< dcar ",kh"g pn}mptl y
Ihat ;t ;, .gnin I'aul "'ho 'c.ch", ,ha,
thi. 'ctc:"urc' ;" nOO , li'ing
OTIC: ill h;, Epi")e to 'he GaL" i ~,,, ;t ;" <><plicill), ,,,,,,,,I ,hat the <1:,)"
..,.., T10I ao i t1l~'" I",ing'.'"

In oomr~" '" ~ I .",~. Annjj",. Ori~" doe. 1101 Iw,"",,,itj 1im~.
Suclt " ,i",,' .."nl> from hi., ",,'emU c"''''''I)1;,,'' of i, . ." "'<ll ." from
Ihc 1"''1-'"'' of hi. thougl\l , I" OIlC eaoc where he scen" to pe,
",nilj: tinw. it ;" o\wi" ", 'hnt he j"" """
an "n~ lagy. Tb",;1\ M(]ob
Ihe I'a"age Job, 32. 9 It i, nOt 1\0""" wit" h.we li, ..,,1 kong ,h .. , "'"
" 'i,,.,' is oomm,nte<1 upon"" tOU""..:
He "')" ~'a ' it i, ,"" .1"....,1). th.>I 00<1)' old noen a", "<;c, bu, ;, "
pu,,;i>I<' '0 ">lon '0 """," 1hing ;mf>O",m ~hile otiU io )",,, h. Fur if
rim< ",>keo p.",,1e "is<. G",t.!oe. ,Ioi, aU ,he ""''', ,"" m
Ewn ;Il t b., ca,.,. h"" ..",cr, O";~n 1\;",,10; t",,.,d, t;n,.. i, totall y
diflcTC ,, ' fro1ll t ltat "f ,' lam" Ameli" ..'Ia,ell> I><n",~iie, li1lle
in order to I""''' that it i., " d,;tro)'<:r'. He """do
before 'he real
i!) ,,;,10 a f."lillg of mel."ohol), 'lid fro>l'ation. H,. t",lb'<:d io
,.. J<Q.",-~\1' . ,6-

,~" f!'4. p, 4tlJ, 170 ,a' ro
oJJr. Ix<' fir. "''''''I'~' 1< , 'pO;
fttl.Coa.; i.~ ; ;,.,oo., ... ( ml ",of ~ ..............,.", ,;;.,. ",~,_",
"' , .....,... i~","l_ ' " ...",. ,,/1',,11 7, , . ;, mp,"""" ' h. Orig<-n...,... """'fin
'""",,- ' ...... ~ ... ,,,' ~ thepiu""". " 1"".",, 11", preilical' >pp6ed 10 U"" ""'" i
.. "" Ungular. , .... "ly. '",.,,",," "'lo ... , ,,;. . g;lli< 00..;"" that ,,,., tmn ..........
10 u..-d .. _ I""''''''
or 'Iim<', ililo ~ .' b ~ ,t.. 10 .. ,t.. .uwd>I,
'" ~y.o, 32

~36
rerune"'''' of i,l"mirni ,,orlru..''' "" he beld t b~, ooth,ng i, crea'ed

aod ttQ\hing is I"".'" H;,; 1><,liet' an' "n"" comLi,t;:d "." h an .... u,,
""",., vf th" 'J'a ''''cn"c of 'hing< a ,,,1 ~'w"", ,,,bje<1ed by falal ,i,ci"
';1u<1<" 1.0 per1'",,,,1 d",ngc: '" he . ndco'-o"" ,,, '1",,,' tl", pour .",1
he.'1 (htio),.lli IMlt .11 fact It~ i, de<l'l)' d"l'rc;,cd hy what It.. ''''''
'" ,,,,,,it)' arid "uUity of ma,,', " ,ue on thi' 'dOlI of ea"h". "'Ul"I}'
th e "'odd ,""
Il) ,oourast , ." the fOf'<gving I"'"",!!e Otige" p" ......,tif...~ t'm "
't
order '0 i"'plr a 1",,,,,,,,10 ,,, inU"enc .. of "I~'O m.. n. !k,jde. 10 ..
e.plicitl)' rei,.:t, what b. call, 'the In\tholog)' ..1><"" aeo".' {,~v ~.pi
ro;v "iOwow ~u&~oti".)IS' o!ioll.ly all lIdi!lg '0 ,lte talc. of th ..
r;"""uco." T b", Ong<'" """,,,,ia,"' tI,a, ,i",,, ;""If" a ere" ',,".
ru
God 'm~(~ ' ,,,.. ,,n, ,hrough tlte So,,"" tin'" is. """,,,un- " I,'"h '''''me
'nto I><. ng ou' of """,being'," " ,,'hon 'Cod ",,!de t>eill !l' ou' of """ _
l";',g' .'" ';!lCC 'the holy Trinit)' brought ... "''C'lth~tg ... in,o lring
out of """,],M"g':""
0" ,h;" I>oint O . CuU",a"n as-kf" that 'aroll ' ,ib Heb. I. 2) mean,
""l) ,,-odd,': ~lso. ,h", '''''QI''
h'1-' oo'[)' au '~-,, [cn,ionar ''''' OIling,
a"d aU God did ,,'as ta .""'W time in a " "rder Qf C<oI'''''II''-'' '''<'011'
\.he n",,,her of wwc h. ac" ",liiug to c un""u,,,. ;, tlu'OC , It;'; view i,
.ita, time 'VI"," 1I0t e1'<a'ed'.""
Th;" ;" ill 6et a pur.,])' Pla,o,,;e and NWJlbtonic frame of though,.
"hid, is iro"ic, ,inr,' ,tu. " 1' ....... i""l)' ... h~1 C uUma,U1 is (C>m",i ,wl
tv fi~II'"g "gait,,,_~"r one thing, it W'", l1util"" ,,ha ",all)' "'ga"le<1
time", pTo..:xi,.ing 'a( re,,', a. wc hal'C "" .. " . For ,,,,,,,her, ,her<
are (~ftn;h CO"",,,",, to I", made with ""'1""" to l'law, "hich
CuUmaoll ""."" 10 h~,',' 'I<.~"'" t"",,, ''',pieio"" of. h mok<:< 1i,tJ<.
differ.. "", ,ha, Cullmatm hol.u nm- as "on<rea,",1 wh,'rea. Pbto
'" ,1/-.....,. \ '1, J1 ; I'll, I, VIII. 1; I X, 3$ "",I 31; X . 21; XI. '; XII . $_
~'.H +"''', 11 , 11; VU. I'" IX, 78.
'" .H.!;, ..... V. Il, "' . 1\ I'll. ~~; IX . 19; X. I .
.., .I'm"',., VI I, b1 ....1 et: X, 21.
'" .1I.!b"", V. 3:1; X. ' ) .00 3 ' . XH, 7 . ,od l~,
~, -.11<111, I; . ll,
.. . _ Wo r.... \', 60; _"JoI., 2, XXI\' _
". ~}OII.. 2, X_
... idll.
~!,
~, ~ I , X\'U .
'" .., _ , 16_
'" U, C",""", w , COn".u ./_. p, J3.

237
hdd moltn "" d ,'inwilly "p.~ pr"!,.r) 'Q 1.0<: ,,,,croa'm_ I " <i'h ~c
ca: 'hcre i, "'""tIt~ ,,bicb i; l,.-".i,1 ,.. n 'comp" I"",y' <ternal m,
1",,,i01' of G <><t. Mm",y. "~i,ti"g 1'""" <:\'crl'''I ;ng , CuU",,,,,,, \\'.'
om-.......d \\ ;,h hi, prc'OCcul'",i"" 10 ~,"oid ""~ SJ"' ,i.1 rd"rence "hicll
"-o"ld Ix resard.:d '" a Gr"". 'COIl'am i,, ",io,,'''' of Chn "ia"i'y.
Qui'e iro"ically t ho,,~~," in hi. cllOn he "i,""LOlly followe,I I~",o. ,,-:t~.
of ,hjnki"ll:. 'n~, in 11.10 ,10=i. a cen.iu "",joll of Clm,,,ing'
,"'" of ,polee ,,' hett ... C uUmatut 'I)()ke of "'-erl"'ti,,&,'"'' of time.
do". "'" ",.1" <OO",h",, a ."b>tam;al dilfeo'""". It, ,';1)",. <"..so:, th"
."",""_" Qf 1hinking i, ,; n ,,,,Uy 'he same: 1,,",0<) held 1ha1 ' he "orld
i. u" c",.ted .n,1 the Ikmiurgc <imply pu, 0" "riginal ", ,,lIer iu
order. Cullm"TUl "'k'" i, ,h .. , aU Gud (~d ,,',," to pu, a p"""e<i"ing
ti,," iu Older, "'''n.ly 1<) a,~."gc it i",<) '.co,,,'. Plato b. ld tha, ",", .
'er :J,," a)~ cxis,.-.j all d ,he ikmiuoJ'gt" "",.l>Ii,hc"" 'order' and 'cim~'
ill i, . C " nmam, cb i"" th'l time alll "Y' c",,,cd all" Gud ."al>li,["",,
.. ",In-" w,"",I.,-, '"eoll' ami a '".orld i" i,. '11",> all Cull",a"" ,10<,
" to I"",i. h a =""",,1 ' -(,I"'ioo of a 1\",<1.",,,,,,.-1.11)' Ih'011K: w"<"p-
,ion, acro,ding to " 1~"IOt, ;., ""ay of 'hi" kiog . i\ ' .....;01' "'hich. i,
h", '0 I", sa;'1. falls <l,on or o~:Ji1)' " "d I",,,,cpli,...,,c,,.
Cerla; t\!; ,hi, is "0' th e ",le )()Ult " 'here 'he l~alO"H; r",mc of
'hought J>r~""il' ill a "."rk I""l~'rli llg ' 0 mlltr"" i,,,,lf f"'IIl ".hat i.
'hough' to be Greek. For i, i, Cull",.",] ,, ho 'I",a)-.; of tbe 'Ibh'
o. ~'" 'gre'" "I11)()""" 1 of ~'e "l'in1" " ,,,,,I alfln", 110", ~.< 'com -
munion ,,;th C h,i,.- h,,,:,,m., 1110f(' .,.., ,, ti~Il) a<1i,-c 'if ".., 8'" rid
of this "~' "r~1 hod~ a. ,,,on,," !)(),';ble'."" I do 110' cnti cu." the
ac,ual <0,,'cu1 of ""'rmo " .. ,",ch a, ,he,., . I ,,"l)' no'" th " ,h.., u<
.Hm' c"" ru ll UUog iD " I~.,o"ic ,-ein. II;1hi"" work ill "hich Greek
Ihougb, . ~'1>"ciall)" 1~ "Ob;''''. are rcg",d1 '" a ' it,d or ,I. " g< ...... "
-"ont~mi"a' ioll of ,he Ch n,ci.II ,,~) of 'hillkinS_
\\'hr" Ongen aflinno th a, ,i ,,,,, i,,,,lfi. a C"'''''''''. h~ ac,u"lI.,- g'''''
f" I><)"ond ,hi. 1~,"Q n ic ..-a) of ,h inking . He " ',,, able '0 ,,,-, W
bee. " ", he r<ganlcd the G reek ",bool, of 1hough' "" lIlerd), '",11,
,ide' the Chril1;ao 11'3)' of ,hi"king, hu, h,. ,,"" n", hauntc,1 hy 'h"
en,'k 'hougln .",;d,,,' did I", "'!f~"1 !hi,~, ~ 'dall!!","' or som~1.hi"g
'" TIot "'P"'''''' '"",,",,";...Uoo" """e'''.... a f..""~,, """ to 11 h..,.-j . Cf,

'{}...,,;. ...! T.".. .. 1'- ~2.
'" 0,. n.., p_ 15->.
"" 0,. "'-.... 231 .

~38
~o"t.rni" "ti"g. U~ ...,., "bk to employ ,h;" ,,' ''ce for 'he "mpk
re<l>Oo, , hat ill eolltr"" '0 man)' II""lon! sehol.,," he 'en"'U)' .bm,
in depth 11,, (";,..,~k alti",deo. Tloj, c;,~n ,,,,d d"a..,igh,ed fan,ili"riry
"ith thi" thoughl ,.1Io".d hi'" '0 challengo C<"I..,,----and yd. in 'h<-
"am" "Of'_ 10 I""i,,, out ,hi"
We h"" ernrk'ied tlI< """CC "'" to '""'I'"""~ 1<-,<lw,S'. "''''' if

'h<if 0,,11101"> ''''' o",,,,k VI< f.itb )' !<achu'~ ~~U, 0<"- '0 r.m.: obJ'"<'"
,iorc, "K.u"" llo,m, ,..". to ""'. ,,, "'-<nbrow ,.. te".. " ", ~lud, >re
"'1ll~1" "
T h"" only a ,maU toke n ofOnge,," iron "'ill ,'ae>" li"g ,,;,h 1"01'' 0_
f,,] alld com:ili;"ofJ ' pirit. l ie bad ' he fitluv, if ,,," the okar con_
cep, ion of d,c TTa~t)' of >p:oce.,iUlr. l'le did uot refu'r ,uch
p"rc"P'~!Il la romruo"I>late ill mudem ,,:;"1I<e Iott."", of 'he PIT"
enCe of the ,lOtion of'l'-",e in i" To hin,. J,i, noooll ,,"" Il"ill,",
co,".mi" "io,'- nor " 'danger'_ l'l e ,.... "0' ol,.. ... d ,,"' i'h H)'ing t"
,,,'oi,] "")" '1,"ti.,1 ca'"sory am] ,lca! oul)" ,,;t h '''UlI'"",1 OllC. ......
..:hol.1n .uch ... Cul~~au " did. He hold> ,ho, 'aeon' m"l' "'''''''
.i, her ti ,"" or ' p"".-bu,. ''';,Ct]r 'pcaking. tl,i. ,,~,.. 1>0111 , iu",
"ud '1""', ",uo<"l). [)," ,~" Ij,), of'I,.er-lu"",
,\, ,,11 we nli in O ,ig<:" ,here is m"r~ th.n the cOllC01'tiQn uf' ime
"-'" <:rC_lure , T ime;"" 'b"ing" whicb ,,'a, madc o"t of'o"".t>o:i ng''''
wbioh 1",,1< '0 tb. oonclu,",m , I"" ,ime j , <rol. He 1I ~ tl" 1',,,,,,,,,
I'erfec! parlinpk ),>'1<i.-o<>,~.'''' nw:",,"g ,ha, "hid, h", bee" '",,,,1,,'.
'hking ,,,10 "o:a,,,,,, h;" ,'OC.'~ lI la')' ,1''''''ghQu, bi, (";"*~ ,,"ritiugs.
,,"e ("'~" .... Iha' thi, i, 'he term " .. d <0 """"ciah' doe ,,'~l ity "r Ill<
e.i"~II"" of <"""'i,,n , It i, "a'''''', f,,, ~nrnpk_ tha, Cod "i, cr<a'or
bCC31<'" of ,I" b..,ing' Irqovo\,,, broug h' into I.. iug 0", of non
I>~h, g";';' Qf. "'GCKI '" C,,"'''Qf ;" ill ,,11 Ix,;,,!:, 1"l'IW60,v",'"
TIn" lin,< is ilSClt" bti1tg_ Tlte .... is 'w hing "f 'lte Sloi< dQubt>
and c1,,1"''''''''''"nt QI> ,h, ""I~n , Time i. a heing "r
foil ,roJig.
mtW" made 1>)" God 'OS,oh", wi,h all <"'"tion a"d it i, part of ,he
wbole ",,,rid. ,ba< i" I~'rt ill ,h. r ,,~k .u~ ,)/" ,be u",,,,al reali,),.
~, vu. VU . H;.
tIU,,,.
... I'NIW>lj-
"""""""<> ., ...
P"'" ", h ~ b h .. """" b<n, ~'~n b)' ,h".<
I"",,",n'< <>""""" of Ch,;,,~ Wtlo,
~'.., nynlo-.J
'" id/I. ~!, 21. PC 12.IWJ.

" 0.
'" id"'. 131<.I'G10 16, 1'G lV1l61.
-' utP",
~l, l Z,14lG,

239
I" Ih" ligl" of lhi" G_ tloro,-.I<i i. wmng i" cla im ing Ih ., il w'"
Augustu\C ,, ho 'di''''''.-ned ' th o, ',u,"o ,hould I", regarded"" crea
,,,{("',m It was 0""..,,, "'hQ ",,,,bl,,loo<l the ,';c;.' Ih~\ ti",~ '<Self" ~
en-at" ,e . AI..,. R. Sorahji ;neo,"-nl) a",ri l~,. ,he i'ka ,h.( ~I"',,,
,,-as no ,ime befo," the <rr.tio,, to ,\"gtJStitle.'" He ,ake. it ,IL"
this i, " he \>C" of M>lutio,,, ofr~rcd by J cw, ,,,<1 Chri"i"",'" to the
",..mUc,1 'why no' .. ",Dei!' argumClll aboot c"'~lion . It <<<,.iul; w",
a brilli"'" " otioh. )"I" " ".", Origen, not A"g""ine, ,,'ho eb l",ci~,ed
,hi, ido-a. Ot) ' hi' po,t)' I\ugtls<i,,,. "'" b", a foll"",-, of Ori~".'"
SU1C. I h.,.e aJ'gt'ed f"r a c<rta in, if limited_ propinq uily I><t"."n
U rlgell :wd thc S,,,",,,, on 'he (),,'o~'!!ical conceptio" of ,uue, I Ylould
m"ke 'hc ~b1 i " of ,lus pro~ib1 i 'y de~ttl. I , haU 11,." make "'me
"ll1her r" oarl;;. ",hich "il l ,Iemou"'"le Origtn', deci';I'e b",,,k
'hrou~h lO"'~'cls r~dk:aII)" ,,,,,,' ,'i,-,,' of um<".
FuUu";lIg my fen-nce< to ,h.- ",,,..,,rlill'''' ."d ality <fl time ,
it ,h""ld he poi nted "01' ,h~, 1br ,~~i"n' of ixJ4>' a"d w.".""" ha,,,
a clil"'",,,, ;"'PO" iu Ongtn, To ,10 .. Stoic. i"corpo",.ll i, a ''''Ille-
,Iu,,!!, ]"" wcetl be;'\!( and nOll b<"ing . Th"~ """,,,cd '0 Ihe fo<u' i,..-o,
pore:,];'" ou , of ncr ... , ily: " "i,iwr e" n ,hc)" ro"ttdt- ,het" 10 I..,
1>Odie!, '1(,r ,~II tilt"}" dCll) ,I"" th"" ex;'t: 1h i,,"c "~Jld, in ""rk
COntrol<'. For O"e thUlg.
;"co'1"-,,,,.1 " .1U'~ 1""'' ')1'
10 luU) ... aJ eX;"e<lCl" , 1<".,,,."I11~ ,,,,cl
"111;;;' a", "01 i"c'''"l~'ti l>le on'ological <t,,,, litie. a, 'h~, lI<arly arc
to tile S'oic<. Oil 'he oonu",I)', 'h.-y ore compo,ihlr : it i, ,h,' incor'
poreal God ,,-ho [l,.. . millrntl)" ;, I,. illg. ~()r ''''<A Ir~,- co'l">rcali,y
[l,,<t"';I" to thc fl11lm "'io,,,,1 Crea'ure<, ,,hicb ",-.:re crea'ed ., thc
~'a11. Corporeal "",,,re i, ori@.o""'] ill "" ,,-,,1 eau"",,, i, b". a moral
W",l. and it ",ill he w'minat<-d .fter prop.'r f,,,,, ", or..! :<elio,,_ In
add iti!.., . m'1)(,r,,,dity is applied 'k>! 0(1)" to ,hr ,;';[,10 ,,orld . hll'
"1<0 to ",'l",' is 'not ",,'n' a,}(1 )'<1 lllale<i"1.
UII thi . ~ ("co u,n. thw:- ~rc ,,," ",aUl dilkn:llcc. \>c,wccn U";gcu
a",1 'he Sloic.:
,~ G . f......".,-w, .-!'fb !I C\ornI 11""", G". " .. 'I~ u , 1979,. p. ~ ,

". <Jp. "'-, p_ 2~' .
,~ 1"'-
,~ Tt..... ,.,. ,n. "'")' I""''' on ~-hi<h ~ foIo." Orign<- ., r
,n ",...., Q ,;;,,0.; '. timo- '0 '''"'''''', "'" "'*1 ro
....,n. an ~ '" .... ..;,. ,
Sl'f; It . 1(7. 18-Zl,

.i,.", h< hold, ""11
,h< ,,"tiI'< "'o,1d '" nwuial; b," '''' d,~" n"t
argue ,hat " ,dy "hat i;" hody "a 'hring' Ov .... the Sloic. di,I!"
Tune i, nOl I~~I~ and )"<:, Ih .. i, <xphdd) "a'e,1 :,' :' ~. He
doe. "'" " -under a, 10 ..!,,1h.-r ,;on" " n::.l' he un" Gu;'uo:atl)' r,nd,
i' "11 too real Ho al", =>intain. a ""tio ll ut """,,,,"In.,,
,",'i,h 'e'l><"<l
10 the world 'nd ,I"", aflim' ,h~, "ha, i; incUll>o ",al i, ",al What
i; morc , illc<>rvo,c.1 II~"'!'C ;" '''pc,i"" .ill"" , hi. i. an e>O<ntiall)'
di'1ne propen)'. Origcll ,,'M p",r"",I)' "'e ll "",are or ' he S,oic """1J.
dcr",.'", on ,h .. '1"."'011 uf d>e exi5lcnc .. of " 'ha' i. OI"'i,;l>lc ~nd
'n'''-'I]>O''''1. A IX'"iw, .,.,,"', in I""n tmno1:",,,,, ;" """Il 'l uoting:
\10Te< th<re .... "' ... ,.. ",h" .,,)u ld "bi", th .. noll"ng 'n.i~bIe 'n{i
U l(,,~a l <xi" IM tI ~' ...;go ""<J)-tlullg ",-bid. <xi~. ' 0 bodir~
0 " ,!ob b;"i, 11 ~' daim ,/", Cod, "'" F.,OO of all 1I,ing<, i bod).
y" ,10" ro"""q'''''''''' ,of ,I",,, ""." tog;t. " .j "' .... i, " "g.... " j 'ru, ",,,-,.
My i , wm<prilk, ' '''' ""d'Ju!>dlj-' ro.-.-",i '''''''. >I~ ,,,,,",,,,.;,,-
;'Ig th~, (;od i; a I:>o<t}', to .1Iu~ "'~, I", ~ conup<ihk. Jlc<a">c of t' ..
logical 'I~&cut'), ~'r;' h.,-c OUf".d '0 ,-cm'" o'l,,"di<1" "'Id h.,-c .,.<1
"'" h,' i. ,,,,,,,,I
nf" rom. pOOI< o,nor". bu, h,' tu.., ,,'-" I"",,, cor-
n.",. d ""'.,,'" ,he,.., " <>O<h,ng """MC'" hi", ~)' ,,hi.cb loo """Id
be com,!" ed or '''ltro)","". T\",,.. on i""",,.. r.bl< ",It.,,- ,0.:6<." .h;""
of mcn " ."1""'"" "'ith di. k<ticaJ rc""-,,wlg ,,,'" "ith ,nclo)' ",,)h""n~ ".
Srton,il),. ,h. diMi,,,,';"n l>o''''""u rorvo",a/it)' a"d inco'l'>,,:alit)' {(~l '

",'m, Otig~" for re""," , 1",,,, ly """,logical. "0' t""ur~l . T ht' bodi~.
of ''''<'Te.l to him ~'C ,hoo;.- which h.,,- ~ th""kogi(~1 oign'ti,~""c:
.uch arc the '~..-lj <. of rati"lL~1 C,"",Uf"C> onl)'. ';ncc thci, ",tril~Jte.
in ~ac h ca... an: a do mo""''''t;on of a certain moral quality_ h, , ...
fi" ,d '"alp,," rorvo,nlit)' ;" an prol"'rty of the "'"rld "" a 'do,,''' _
fall" l Ott(tllM~ : i, " "dcrli","s ,10.
,""die:.l , ,,,-,,see,,denCt" :",d " ,,,,,n_
"n,) of ,he ;"CU'l>o",.l d;v;n,' lift ""er 'h " ",ll;'" " ,,rld. "hi<;h "
cOl]>o,,'al.
'" srf: 11, 117. ~6 .

". C L . . . . . . . . . f~ ..... _ . U_l~ . Tho tam< ..--g "" ",n~ "" ,ho ..me
~ct. ""nt '" C .... . . , VI.. \1 , 11. 00 r"", of K. Qh. VIII. n, R,""tti,'S
tilt ~oO< " .. , of. ro<JX'<">I (".od. ",;"""-,, "pbti< ",k""",. '" the ~ iD
~J.U. 11. XXI. ,'"" tINi,!.ogX-..t I ~ '"' '''' on tIW""" otho-, u ..... ,., c.t..
IV. ill: \ I. 68: V, 2<), \ ', Zl: \ ' 11, I!>. ,Woougil....:-=k ... tu. 0';"-" h",\ 1''';'''.
"""" """"'" ~ otb<, "'1>'" if old Sto;d,,": Cf. c.t., I. 21, VI.. IV. !>6: c.u,
IV, H; !Ab. \ ', 17.

Orig<,n, a. well "" ,h" S'oi~., kll~"- th e .il1ll'~' and l'bin ph~.
no"'clloiogic.1 dUll '" thm timc i; not a hod.,.. T h .. d,,,,,n ,,-a, "
""'o"(~ of ~mb.""""sn1en ' (0 ,h~ Sooic<., 1,,,, ""nau,l), "01 10 Orige".
Th,- n'aOOn lie, 1) in their ,litTen")! ,'"nception, of ~\e ",orl<l it~ 'lf;
2) their dilkrcn1 ';e"~ of the ,ig>,iflf".a" ", of CO'P"",ality .nd i",eor
porcalioy, 3) the u,,,ion of mm"m4ma ,,hich 'hc Stoic> ,li,1 nOt bold
0' all' ; ~ Il d 4) the ,Iill"crcllt coll cq>1ion of wbat i, md,
The f''''' , hat ,ime i; DOl a hod)' raj"" no prohl<11I m all I<, O ril(l:'"
Time is '10' I....d ) in thc saffl<" ... "", ,h., "I""'e prop<:r is nO< ~
body, <XP""';Of1>, phr">",, afiinna,ion, .r~ n", bod;"" -,-,,~r i, Ilot
3 bod)",'" ill liXo "':illller tha, ~ 'pmlica'c ' , '" "n 'axiom ' . or the
al",,",,,,. "or;"" of '10 I:>< a,,~c h ed', or "0 I", i",erw",,,,, "'i,h. "re
"01 botli ... He ,,'" jar from ,h,' S'oic doc,,;ne ,hat oul}" ",ha, i. a
bod) i, ,,,at In h" ,.;,." i, "ould loc 'aloso"f'" '0 "o",I,-r as '0
,,-het her ,im~ i, ~ bod.,. or 'M, in the ""m" ""n", th a, he """Id find
it al><urd '0 ,,-o1l,1er " hcthor or u(~ lell~~ll. or hcigh,. oc lmoad,h,
are , hem .."", botli.,.. Hi; fun,b"'ebta] doe,ri"", ]>"""01 him from
."cl, '.I .. ,,,,!"
q ,,,,,,tio",. 10 f~c t ' h,',," (loe'';Od e ,, ~ I~ e bim '0 ~mm\
e~p[ici' l l' ,10", ti,"~ is " er~"h," of full "'~lil)' ""d 10 1.-<'1' ~"'al'
from th~ di"'ol\cen metll ,I ... thi, i","e caused to S'o", ,ho"ght, I li,
llllgua!(C i. at I~>ill" inci";,'< aDd mc<iculoll,Jy con'rn." Chri" i:lD
'heology with lhe ,",opc ~lIIl uo,ler""",ling of l"g<lI' thoughl. for
lcis "'''''''''''<:
,prit,1:" from "" fuely diU"",,,, prerni"'"
A, a "",,,h. h~ tI~,-c< fo,,,,d him,df in ,he predicame nt of the
Sooia, who """1: c"",.",d ill perplexi,; ... creaU;d t ,hc m,d,-c,. l ie
,,-'" ,,-~emp' fTOm ,h i, "oml'k';t)" . ~o< ' h ~ un,nnnonntahk <IifILcuhi
f"ci" g th~ S,oic; ""nn>e,1 ollly from 'hcir fimda"'c",.1 "tic". h w","
,heo h,,~';,aLle for theDl '0 r."", the ",1""'IU,,"" 'I,,,",l~ry. fro" , which
'h~;. ,,-cn' nC',r ",all)' di,,-ntatlgl,',I . Still, thC)' p",j'-"",d to ",main
iD ' he I'i,;ble ma, ...;',,] ,,'o rld ma intaining ,llc ir c.nli nal pr~mi'
(m'1"riali,m, no <>1io" of tTI"\>c"odcnCf'). T hi, ;" ,,'h., OriS"" r.n,
'the al,," nIi,;'" of thc fo[lowcr< of ZCll O a",1 Ch'pipp'''', docL.rill!!
,ha, he ,I"", n", ,u,,,,in "e,,s ", h k ~ woold I<ad hi'" ID 'r,,1I imu
,he", ah,"r<iitie',"""
, ~ cr. S<'f; 11. ] 11, :I() 22.

,. :WF, 11, W. W 's.
'" c.;" \ '111, !~_

Th(" ,amelle .. of the "nn 6,,,,,,,'1!w ",iole, O rigtn h",l pa,,("d way
"ill' !h" Stoic> .~nos' ,igh ' from ,I" , "~,, of hi' 1'-'''''1'';'''' of' im",
It S'Qi<: """Id g" " 'ith him 00,1)' " '-cry ,Iw"
1''''' of ,h" " ")' but
he rould no' 1(<> ,,'i, h him f;or ,'n""l(h . For, in onlcr ,0 go ~U ~l"ng,
a Stoic h,~1 to rdill'lni.,., f"D<",Dle"talpri,,,,~~<s ,,( hi< 0"'0 ph ~o'()phr_
O,igtu, ohen:fon:, e""ld b" rt'g,mlcJ .. indebted to tarty Stoici"u
0,,1) fo r d,e i";l i,,1 u'ag<" of Ill<' I~" " 5'''<1'!1JW itJ o"lor to oig,cify
tim, P"'1)Cr. Still he i, immu'", to ,he ki"d of <ri, ici,m " hieh "'~,
di"",'cd agai nst ,h< S'oi"" li e ploughed lhr"u~h hi. 0,,'11 ""'Y a"d
took ,,:1nl<' radical >1"1 ",,,-a)',h fi>nning hi. ""'n ,;"".. , Th .. , not
onl), di,l he O'-CITor"e the imp.-' of oh~ S'o", l'itilo"", It )" but ~1<0
,,,,,,,1 toward! ton"ut"i"ll h" 0"' 0 , ; , .... of 0"'",
\\'i,h "'I(~rd 10 tim, .., ~ "",."",', ~ c"" itK-~'iOt, "hould h" m .. do.
\\'h,n Uti gtn ",'er< oh", ,im~ i. a 'l>< illl(' .nd a 'crean",,', h, "ir_
tlt~U)' "'~'gtm (ho 'CtHpora! D"UJ~ of 'he world, I" Ot ltcr ,,-oul. , b<
,IC,M>1o. timc "-, ~" dcm on( iu 'he , ,,alc-~p of c"'~ti on, hy ,-irtuc "f
" 'bieh eou,..., and motion ",,, ke ,,"rue, ,\, ... gatd< the kngoh of ,i",~ ,
this h", boxn m~dt: onl) nnlil tll<' po...,n(, 'oo mW,-r h"" ,Ius P"'-
""" i. eo" ",i ,'od from diilor",,( l)Oin\$ of ,;e,,"" T imo: i, all '.~te"
,iou ' fOT th o m",,,mcnt to t"l e pbcc alo "g>ide (I", ',Iimen'~",' "f
lif", Thi> e~'e ... ion 'hough ;s nol a rompl,.,1 e",,,tn,e "n,;1 it< cod,
\I'ha, w~, "",atod ".'" /lwlf"!m/i/t. 'h" f"" ,dt)' of 'he ,,-orld ex;";",,
and f"nniotli,'8 in ,hi. 'I"",f..- ,tlO<k, The e~'e",iO!, ha; 1:>0-<'" ~C"'
all)' ",ali,,-.:I until the 1''''''''''''- 'n\. f" ,u", .. " vi a p",_mad~ .~te n_
,;.", alo< ,~,k which , h~ ,",'o<ld will "''''.,. ; ,b< tin,, is a" a tllicip,,,cd
r~~li'y . .. po. i,i,-d)' po","" ial reali,)" but not a I're-m,de one,
"",'~rt h"tes., (he '~o;. f~c< ,h~' '~mpo ... li ,)' (,h.l i" !he "'~"'n' for
1;m,' I""I"--r 10 "xi",) ""', e"".,.,1 g'''''''''''~~' , he !lux of "I' ,,",,'-,imo
t"".. n.>< the future . Thi. i. ,",'hy Origcn con.mcr< ,ime "-, ',,,etched
0'" alonpi'k ";th' (hc ''' noe'"",' of ,Iu. "-,, rld . Future ;" in from,
i, is '0 be n:alil.Cd, buo i, i. not realized yet,
T;o1<' ,h e", is me e",~w", to)' ,.;""~ of " hieh ,I", " 'odd ;, ,.-m_
pora!; i, i, not. p",r.,bricatcd exte n""," a,-ail.~I, to ,h~ world i"
front of i(, It i. ' I"i,,, eh~r-.. "tc';"ic ,h~( On!!,," ",fe" (0 the j '''(lf'<'
time Itha, i" '0 t;rn< 'n
com~, ~ '" "0' )-'-' r,ali"d) ,,,i"l( th. tern,
'" ,I" t ,lio< ... i.ox i" ,ru. """",,,. 00gn, hold ......x.n 01' ........-;,.,- .. flu-
p,w,,,;,,, 01'""", .. """"."..-,l, ';'1><, ",_kol fnon {'.od "' frum b<u.;. 01' """"'
,."k> on,;"

iWp"<'ffi,'e"'t. ,, hich ,"ean' ,,,,,tdted out .Iou!;>ide. but he do>e!.
"m u"" 'he I'",>o.;tion <7W I"ilb\, a. he d<>es "ith ,he ,.nll "VI' -
~","'.""i""",' Ttti, is hu,," he m.tll< .. th~ di"in"," '" 1><"'"<01 'ime
alf'C~d)' ",~Ii,<d ~ nd ' ime ",hieh i, "iU IQ 1>< ",~li,,'d . In ' he firs'
ca ... ,ha' ;. 1''''' a,,~ pr~""nll. ,im< i. a CT'<"a' " ", m~,I<-; in th ~ -"'C_
ond . _ ,ba, ;. fu'" re. time" a .,e .'u'" pbou,e,1 hero", h"",I. or
p",';do.~1 fot. '11",;., h~ ~ccordi"gt) "o'C' ,10", ' (;",1 ,,' .",,,<or ;" iu
all ''''.tu,; _. _-"",,,,,,Ioc..., 'h ~ i, 1'",,,,,,,) i" l>ok",;"lit)" I&\OI'''~'
and !iOm,who,.. (he" pr<>e n' iD act"alit)" ("'Pl'i~ .,., II'h .. OfigeD
<"""df'" .. cr<a,<:<l 'dime n';'", " ""'PomlitJ i'.cH; "-' an .."""i,,1
pr"VCl1y of 'he "' .... e " I' <>f 'he ""'rid ,
0" lite olloer h",,,I. the "01101' or lune co'~p,;"illg 'h''''' part. ;"
c,n~i " l ) f"" torl i" CreeK ,hough, ,1:;0; ,hi, i, p'"icuL,rI ) " .. "x! hy
'he S'oic . Vet .i nco they r~b,tf P'" ,,,rl f" ,u",_ "' ith a ,,>np ti<OD
of i"fini')" .... it ,,'oukl I", imere"i!lg to ""dy ho,,' Orige n >cc< the
",I.tio" of ti",e '0 the l"fOli1< , Ikforc tl';' thoug h, " .... ho"ld exam _
ille a "",ion ,Lrec,l) "emming from 'he concept;on of ,;me a. a
dim,,,,,,, ... nam,I). time ... a comin"um .
Whether ,im. " a m,,,inu ,, m Q' no' " .," a ma"" of rli,put< iD
amiquit)". The Sloi", Ul geue ,"! "'''Te r<i'''ting the doclrine of
' ""OC"'I", .bou, " "o,~ic_li",e-el"~el' l,,"'f ... Icich ..'a. ,u,
Epic,, '~a.o
"' '' ct . I" \,k'" ofO,ig<'n'. CO " lcml>l f,,, 'he F:l'icun'''' t< .nd d", hc(
'hat Ik>1h ,\ri"otdi",,, "",I S,,,i,,, id<'I,;t~ tho ir rlillcr<oc .. ,,)(.,nl,x!
'ime '" cQu,inuo,.., i, ",,,,,Id Ix pb u,,;hlc '0 '''I'''et ,I"" OrigclI a1><o
""folrdcd "m, '" "routiuu"ll1. Ileii<b, ,I", a
is tiirc<1 cO"""" lue n",
of the con<Cl',iob of ';Dle '" ~x,~ ... ion. Beyond ,hi . ,ha, ,;me is a
fOt,ti"uum c~n I", dr.,,,,, .Jso {'''''' Orig<'"'' ""'U
.",to 'menl . He
maLeo the ,~.(i r"",i"u of "hat i, di"inet and dis<;o",i nuon. from ",I""
i, con"nu um; '0 ,10, coll uti,,/!" <>f ' he former he 'I'P~C> Ihe tenu
'" er. _.lw, I,. to; .Jo,', ,.jp". 60.

'" "/I~. 'I, PG Ll . l ll . Oo-ig," hen: <ruploy< d", ,\ri....-,Iian ,mu< '0"",",,'
wd 'jv,I"/<"(" i" .\ti>totl<., "".,.,"'. 1..... lb. 11, l ()jl .. ~ Ue
... Th. "'.,... Urld ,hot tin .... hrliillt< to botb , .-.-rt>x ... ..,...Iy "' I"~ ...1
r"'",T_ 51'1': It, lb ' , :?\lJn. and '" dOl ,\no ...Ir.
'" Cr. s, s.,,,\o. <'y, 1'k,rIt, of* """"" 1"""-"",, 1"59-, p. (0)1

'noallbo,,' , "'hen,,.. Ihe 'erm 'mca.",~' ;" 3P1>lie,1 '0 ' he I.Her. 'n"",
wbcn be 'l'c,,1;; of m,i()lL~1 crc:t,,, .-c. \which "re ,I",inc, i>cir'l!'i bo:-
,," " (I,,' In", 'n" tnb<:r', ",1,,.,.,,,,,
in .peaki" g of ''''.II,r' he lhe Ij,.,.
"'"" '","3""'-"
\1 0""0,,"' ,",I>I>I)-;"!! 11", knu ''' LlOO'
bd 10 o.,iot",1 c"' .. u,,~ or ",;'01< 1.)' 11,;' ,.,.')' .....,''', Ih.. , lfuy on'
'" "'.n~ <1n"" p~".i<\o:{j fi.,r ",Id ",kd . "d <o"ttuu.d h.,- Ih. P""--
id<n"" of God; "~eJ'<" 0.<0.... ,. "'ill cO"""I",n<iin;;/), .11'1,- 10 bod
iJ., matler. ,,'rucb " 'e m.,,'
t.u,\C to ~"" t."D e",.,,,1 .,., roOd in
.udt quan,") .. be """,. ,,-....Id be 'uHiciem !Or tbo:- un"'riu!! of ,be
"'orld. 'n",,,, ,I"" .... ' ,he 01"",,,, ",I.och "" n,llil t.cl*\" ,." .... c,,'
...d b)' Got! in lite ,,,,gi nning, t/U. Lo, I><r_ "'-.'phing tl.... -
He:.lso '"'''' ' he ,e,m 'nul1\be,' "'he " he ",I"", 10 'mo''''- "ho ~n
indi\;dual l>o' in8':'" a"d m.ko, de", thal Coo 'made .11 Ihi"g> h
numb... anrl mC" ,UfC: f,,, tv Co.-l ,he", is "v,hi"8 either ,,-;,hou,
<11<1", ";'),0'" DlC,",,'T'<','" C01l cl lld iug ,lou>:
E,-.ry c",~ "d being, , ... ,..ro...,. i, di"ing.ti,~"" in God', .;gh. by it>
loo:ing <>:>t,r"""i ~'ith i " a c""",i" " .. ",loo:, ",'" nu..",,' ,., d,", i.. , itl""
nuonbeT i" ,I.. caoc .... io".'\! bcint' "" "'<~'0!'C in d .. "'''' ofboo:W)'
nu"' ....
It i, ag>l;ll;1 Ihis h.CkgruUlld th ", the '<nu 'mea,ure' i, applied t"

tirue, cI'ari )' "'~ti"!! ,hat ,hi; .. a ~o",i "u!U., ; ",b, rc>t of driug>,
1,0"''''>:', ",hid...... ex",,,,a] '0 ",e T rh,j,)", mw, l.-. ""","".I by ag<>
and I'<rioo. of 'im r~."" Abo. ph .. ,.,. ."cl,
as 'mmc", .. ",bl.' age"
arc al "',,,k in Ihe 1'riN:.... r hc ,,,,nc co nc"!"i"" i, r"u nd info.l/olI,
",he lim~ i. Slrggeswd as. c"",imnnn r6,~~ .. ~ and acti (~1 in ,imo,
uu,il """ c,,,l of i" .. ""'cd to h'lI"c " chamet of actio" 'i n con
"""iI) o,~,.~"'-! ..'
.. Wi,. 11, 2<l

... 1"'-, 11_91.
'"' 1"'-, '\'.l .12_
'" I """,, l\',\,a.
""'u," 'u", "u""""'" """.
..,.....
'" /'nM, II' ~,a Omni, it '"
0lliaD'01'"
~' I """,,
,.~."",
lV,<.l Ge",,,,
. 1 ,~ ..d
'''ro,
q......." Nn
i"", ,, <ID> ,,-...:I
~ """",rum url """",or",,. m, ...
tri.-,;" ",,,,, in _Wi> tl",

n...
"'''>pO-
~oo> "",;'ut , .nf; UIic. mi ....
.. fuo.-, lIu_n; 111.6.6 .
'" j>.""'" zz.

It i, 'hcu Origer, .. e~plicj, . talerne,,, ., a. "',,11 a. h;' wm'inolt>gy
it><:lf, ,h.~t deT''''' ti ,,,~ "' <o"tim, ,, Ul. Ilc';'b, "" it hap!",'" iu
S'oic;'''' .... i, j, Ih< ,."". coOC<l" ;on or ,;me .. ~~(,'''iou (hat <c".
d"" ,im" ~ con,i" "um. ;,,<k"d " com im,"", ',m [dd "''' i<longsiclc
"io1,' ,he ""rld . All:ist, ,im" i. r~ga r<kd a. a coolti " uum '''' accou ,,'
of 'h" d"", con"cc.;"" of i, to ""'~c~, r>an,d)" Ute rcoli,) or.pace.
,im~. ' ]1\;" theory i. ",,,, ,,,Ili ng of "" ",,,"'ip. ,km of h'er ODCO, ",cb
.. ,ha, of AI.~""der of ,-\phrod;'i"" ,,bo ;",;""d ,hat time i, u,,;,
tar;. tl",[ ;""'''''' di,id< ;( onl)' poo'm ;~lI). and ,h:.( ,h i, shouk! I..,
oake" ' 0 m c",,, (ha, lh c)" d j" id< i. o"ly in 'ho ugh'-
T hi. couccpti()IJ of co"till uitr of'ime is a OO;;C 011e for no.i "",
,uc h ,,' tha, of ju<igemtm, .. ""cU .. prolonga,ion or ,;mc. "'hieb
will be di",,, .....J pre.t:mlr. A, ,hi. 1"';'" 'hough. I , h,,1I namine
' ime iD i( , ",Iario" '0 th" "OIio" of ~w It,b,,j, ... os I'romi.oo in ' h"
pr~,'iou, ><"io'"
TI", <0''''''1'' of'hc i,~iui ,,, pia)" particular part in U rlgt" " 'hough"
ami ye' ' his i. a poim on "'bieh l1,;,unden",,,dmll' h".-. oc( u'<cd.
h ha, l>oc<:l1 co<I"<."O,I) "-,,,<nc,1 ,1",1, tor Orig<:'" WhOl i, illftlli,, i.
"",oml'",he l\";l>lo . IVI'"t ha, 110' b<;.'" dearl)" .a id, h""'~'<r. i. ,I... ,
it i. ownio" ,ha' O rigell ha. ill fIl,,"1 ,, hen he r..ta'''' the "0'; 0"-'
of ';,,6,li,{ a ,," 'i " com(>,d'emilrili,y. In ItiN ,bere j. " P"""&"
which read, .. folio",,
We mo>! ' Uf'IX"<. ,beJ-elor<. lh., '" tht b<8",niog (;",1 m.,I< . num
J..., of ,,~ ,iot .. i a,wi ',l1eUig.'" h.. uog>, '" "'I,.""..,,.
,he bd"",..,.. ,,
ti",,,,d ",i"", voSh' to be c;,llrd , he f"",,~ it ""uld be , uff.. ;.""
It ;, <........ in ,h., I", nude 'h,,,, """,rd ;"g to ""n't defUlitt numb
lor<-orcLWOJ by 1U",... lf, foe '" mo" ,,'" "'1'1"-""", . , ... oc ",-ouId,
""', ,h",, i. 'oo e",1 '" ,,,,. ,,,1 being>. "''''" "'1",,,' 11",,, i, 'oo .,,,1
'here c. " ,,,ill,,,,, I", ~n)' c"'''p",h''losi(>n n", t,,,,,c,,iot,_ If 11",,. Io.,d
br<n "" <lid. ,hen """.;"ry =",cd bring> "",,~t ,,,,idOOT ha.-" b<c"
cUII,rolk-' of,; ....., OOUU""",", er. srf: tt. t("I, 23-25.
'" "'""', t'-9, t Thi, ,.., is 1",.. ,,,,<1 ouJ,' in Looin ",,, ;t ~ thi. ~' ""b """'..-/WO
bdi<>I F",!!"""" 2 !..., 1.. .. , <'<jUl,.... "' of T h . """"'''g dioruuOon ~-;n ohow ~ .. ,
ID
,m.. ... ,rivn .... n<>d-Uug .I", ~i'" ~"' . OODU,""'" of ,I.. t"ill,;" ",ith "'~..."
'" G",l

'nle,.. is "1;0,, I""'~"ge pn-,.a'\"<'\1 in G n". aod cw."focd bo,' K"""clu",
.... I'mgUloTll 24. Thi how"'"'t, although incorpo"'ted irl th e i'rln<, i.
~()/ Ongen 's; it .. :' POrt;"" lro,o JU<UniaJ)'s IibOt,"'" ""d r~"d, , Io u,;
F.......... '''ID' m.iJ,,';u ~"" ,,-r.Wmg I""" I"", oigI" of hi. ~",i',' io,,~
r.". if the di, i.... I">" e' ,,,.-. infi"i,~. of "",,"<>itl it oo"ld ,," em '
o",k",.od ;t;<t!. , uKe 'he u,i'o,j,. i; by;b "aW'e in<oo' I,,,I><u,;bI<.'"
In 1h. ~"u. "~1 of J" "j ,riao','" the fOllo"'ing op illion .. ""cril",,1 10
Ong.n :
I", "0 0"" ,,,,,," offi-ue< " "'" , . )i"g. if we 1"" limit> ""'" to ,be
1">"" or Cud. Fur ,'-' <Ilcum p" d'ing'! th,,' Of< infinj", ., I "" ' "'"
." inol"";b,li,y,"
T b"", le~" ilOro,,~,r~t',d ill K""t-><h. ,, '. ~ili,jon of I'mi(. ol'hough
lO ot Orig<:Il " writi"g') cou;,itu te o"e tuore miJc"dillg rcudcrillS "f
hi< a"th emic "ie... " ~"r wef"<" tl>..., ' m o, tbi. "'0,, 1,1 cu,,,il that G"d
ltim",lf .hou)d !lot I", ,,"gan~l '" 'infini,,', I><c~u"" ill tit., Ci<>e t..
"""Id I", ,,,,,.I>k: 10 "",nprohend b;",,,lr '11\01 d'e "OI;on of'i"Jin;'"'
",,,,Id "()/ I", "1'1'1i"bl" to C od_
Hut thi. i< uot 'l ui.c th e ca"" For Origr H J- "1'1'1)' thi> 11o,ion
.0 COIl him"'lf. He ."".. , hat 'fin;" knowl~~' aI'PI~ only 10 wit.,
It"" be", "",.tcd, wbere. , ilic 'knowkg<" ofthc Hol)' Trio;,), i; '"ith ,
ou' an)" bIOi,' " " p<>vt<><;l,'"'
'n.. alkga""n of Jtb,ill"' '' (11,., ,10" "",io" <lr ' i n~nilC' 'irtnaU~
can Hot I>< "Pl'lied to God , bN.,,'" 'n ,",ch a c'"'" G,.) """,,l~ "ot
cO" tprcbelld hir""'lf) i, 1h", a w.toniou of OrigCD', anthem", ,;",,~.
For to. "" t"" tl"" Cod bi",.,.lf;, 'i,tf,woe' ('o!> " ..iP'!' ,'" rood " " I",
'from 'n6"j,~ '0 i,uu';,e' I t~ ,,~,ipo:ov t,' ii,,,t>O")."" Ttoere ., aI>o""
"'1'''':'';0)) " 'hirh ;nCOInc,,,,lol) "pplie. 'he notion of i,,~n;,)' to C,od,
"0 tb" grca'n" .. of Go.>; ,~.
~q<l)"oo~v<t; u~,oii i nud hi. proo.idcn"c .""",,,,1 of <",atu,",", i, >aid
10 be 'fro'" d,, ."ji,oj" !O !be ;',fu>;te and "'"eh be)-.",d <.; n ..,.",
'" .'tan~ IX, 'lID aM 525 .

... Induo ...1 in /'tW, 119,1
.. r,..".-"' :Ill K."""h.au ( M",,~ IX, Sll~ ' _
'" 1",,,,,.. 01 ;" I..,. IV VI,
,., ,.jp,. lH, I'G '2.1613; tI... """'" inftl'. 10. 11 : 138.1 ,
~, c.;"11 1, n
... 0<, :-':X\U. 16,

... . ,he,,,,,,, ).'"' Hence i" ""co,.,l anc~ ... i,h hi. real ,;ew of 0",1.
O ";g'''' 01:"", him .. 'onm;po" " ( (."~,oo;,,,,~oo;''''' "nd ,,"'''k' of
hi, 'in,-fl,blc 1>O"'~" (<iop-Un" a~v<i~\ ,.'" h ;, fo' "". 'hen ' hat
C. S,.:.rl .. "","i,,,, ,h., "CreW")" ,,[ N)..... ;,,,,,,,luO'd a nc" fac
'or b)' ,!o><:ribi"g O,~I ... i"filli,," . which;" "a '''''''F.J e~'~o,i"o "f
,h~ commOn belid" in 0",1". ,,,,a] "an;all<klltt of the ""';"cd ord",.""
;s nO, fair '0 Ori!:"o. -
T he "'f)l1 of ,h. ,,,,lio n ,,,f,,,;,,, ;,,,,If c"n,titu,e >n out"andi"~
I~)i," ,d" con'rol,' bfiwe ",c ,'cr,- .Ily ;n allrih",jllg ;"fLDj,), to OO<~ ' hc Ch";";,,,,, lOO
,h" fol]""'u,g l'l,i]" "",.'lIt of God", iufUl i,,, wi,hout nuy hitah"u
a, all , I" 'he Chris,;;,n Falhe", tbe,.. i5 :' close 00'''' ''01;0., lx"'o""""
,I,,' ;,,{oni,) and ,I,,' ;'lOOml''''hcmil~ti'Y of God'" '1) d;""",,;o,, he",
,ho,,~ 'hat O riS'" h;",,,,lf ha; no hrsi,a,io n in a"rib"';lIg ;" fOD;'" to
Ood in 'he ' "0., explici, ",.,,,,. Tbot. he coutrib,><cti to the e"ab
Ii>bmcnt of ,,h., tod,)' ;" rcg;u-<kd '" a majo, co,oe<p,,,,J (,.. wcll
.. linguistic com .... ' 1""''''',,0 Christian' a",1 Orc,,".
10 i, tn", 11"" in O ,,<;,'n', 'hoJ.ught "h~, i, in!,nile ;, 'cl~,,-d to
,,'ha' i, i1ocomp",he,,,ibk. n", ,hi, tOOlwn i, "pheld a ni)" in ",,!>eot
af ,10< =.ti"" ~nJ d " nu~", af w< world .'\ "b'.", po rtio n in IhM
",,,k it cle;,r:
.\1",,,<)'1''''. any""" ",' 110 Joo,I:., !O, ,I",no 31 I... leil"re can [",,1 in tru'
d.,; ,......"",ut<"> vcry noo"" ,.,inS' of thi. _. ",h'ch .,..." tha, ~""
"'MId l""h h;od , beginning ond ;, .. pe<rin~ ~" end, If, h",,-e... ,..
""'no i, '''rQUC ~'loo OIl ')ID on. "" would "1'1"-"< , itl"" tloo ."tJOOT-
it} '-"" <11<' m4 bw,) of 00' ",rip'u"" '" U> .1Il< b"" ,h. 'l'''''';''u,
"']-",1..,. he ...."" ,tu, G"i """ c"ml'",~",,1 "U ,I,;,,&, '" ,hat t..,
",.u>" 111. G~ utl<)", fnlk>w<d~" ~oItfulIr "" !hi, room" _

re>:-rrin!!
to ,he ..,....""". ,,r C".!, .... mlle> hi, JJ<>io' 0)' "...,.. .,r ,he ........ ut
""""", ..mg Cl-ri!I,n ,~.w."m ' ,. "............ _ ,!poI" ' ,\.,......,., 3. 1. po~
1"; ."'" S""""'" 0( "'" "",.... 1'''.'''''' ~, ., f" " .. tirut),"; c... 1...... _ :l,
''''r><'' 3, 68 i lk io'llUti<j "'"oh< ..,,in<
of r.,.n...,J', 1""'" ;, ~ ,f.,,,,p 'w: f:;Omh '~3, i lk I-"'wor
,"d imm.:."".t.I.:I. 'n .- .-.......-
1(1
........ 10. me ..,00" of ""u,;,y ~ .. ~ ,.. '0 tht ,~<>" ot", or ) ......," of coo.
bo, '" W o.,.!h<..:l ,.. '" .... b<",,, """,M "",ut<> i, '""'-'1 aM , .... ) _ r il ....,..,
,he G..JJ .. " I ~ ;,-,/'onlo<; .... n'" 'olhil.-y '''''""' ",. """",,,,,i 0)' on ind,-KIua/"" .
.. '''1-, 1"- PG 1l .2\l1, liI.","" '"
wF~, PG '3.009 .
.. fib,. 19, _ ".... 'I, '.
MO C. " '.. l If ... ~, .. Cl ....... ,!".",i", C",n""'w 1'l'J1, p. W2 .
.. AJ I ,\rrn""""g-R .. \ . .Ihd"" , ~ Nil> ... Gnot ni~ j 'g. 1...Ion,
l %(1;11,91~,

ca",,,,,' No", '" .. ;- ,10", be <a""", i. cb,i;- h"piu u~ If, ho",~"r, loo
0/,,"u<1 ",)', ., he nou", .10., Ood """'W<:1","i, .. I ,hi"gJ, ;, foil""...
f",,,, t!t" ,-'')" f",,' ,h., ,It,v c.n 1>< ""m ph."dcd, ,,,-,,, t l ~' e
o()(kNood [0 ha'e bo<l1 a bc~ootug "",I "" <11'1. I'ur ,h". ~'ltich "'
.b>oh" dy "ill... " '-") I... gi"nin~ can in "0 "") be 00"' 1'",10" ,01<<1.
Ho",.,,,, (" ,he ""d""""odU,g to,,) "",,1(\. '"" r",. ;,. ,h" ,bili'l' to
(Om ph<"d ,,;'~dr..." ond ,..""",1 "odk:>~r. ~h.n '~",e i> 1,..1d ' 0
be '"" b<gimung.'"
1'"" of thi. I>a> .. ~'l: Inan,dy ~2i[ i.e. from ' II~ 00...0'-"' ... ' '0 ,b.
end\, ;.. "'eU '" ,he en",;ng parogt":'ph 111.5.3 ,hou ld be con,;<kretl
"itlt <~u(j",\ '" i, i, "'0" [h.,
l i~cI) th.) con"it",, i,u''l'ol.,'i",,, of
R" fUlu, ... 1 )~".. a'8"'Ord,m~b~i tr
aud G",1. I" ""l>o""diug ,hi. ~rK'''nC1''. R LlfulLl. 1",,1 " '-"gue ide.
of Origtn', <o",;",;on , ba' the I"orl,1 i, fUli1<- but 00' becam" r.",1
"",d,) not comp""h"ud "ha( is il,t''';''_O rigo' " hdd (h~1 (;",i h '
comp'''hc nd ,,-ha' i, infLni, . 1-1 ;' cO"';L~iun awltt ,h<; finit~ ..... of
th e ",,,,1,1 "Cl'" trolll 1,;" c<>uL'cpt ioll of prop/,,? ~ Ild. ill ' he fwal
all"I)";,,, froll' bi, COllcept of ,im~. 'ne ,"ai" argulII<1l' i. ,ha' if tb~
world i, beginuingl .... fotl:Mu'/dt! a, ."ob male, no .. n .... If th<
"orld is endl<:Si!,foUiIm"" or pmpNry and p.",."w m:, k., '>0 "''''''' ';Ih~r.
Since the,", not.,n, p",fo,mdt-, detcnninc Origt-n,. colt p, rJf ,i m",
he ~J,ICS ,ha' 'he world'" ",.,,1 ha,-e ~ b<-giulI illg "lIti ~ " end . ill
,h . p""age 'l uo'ed in (h;, ,""e';on, the "~ I'"".';"n ',h~ .,-"rld h"tl a
begiTul iug .. nd i, ~1>tt1ing an =d' ;, u "'loul~edl)' Orig<:n',. Th<
...--,1 of ,he le~( is R"liuu", ",' 1. 0 I,ad "01)' liu,j:tl compreh"o,o,lI of
Orig<n', cQncep,ion of (he cda,.,n het""'" inf,ni(), d",atioll of ,11<
""oTld ~",i G,~i. Tbj, i. "'h)' ,I", te~ , nik< aU t h~ i ll '<'1~,b'i o", of
R"lulU" i, oxl'.-e..."i in n" eq ui,-ora], '''gue a"d diflidc", manner
11", i" il, " .,),1" " 'hi,h " '1",], iu "",.k (onl",q ' 0 Orig<:n', O.".n
,,),1. ;n Iti, wriliog> ill r.,..,...k ,
li on"" Ih,' ~rgu"'"nt of (h,' """''''ion I",,,c.n 'infini [e' ~l)tI
'i llcomp,-.,he n';b!e i, ~ ddu,=I in omer to gro,,,,,) 10;'; fulltlam,,,,'al
,;.,,.,. th'" the ",o.-Id ;,; " '" beginn iugl<"" WI,icb ,H,,311> th;, ;,; nil
argumenl ;n '''I' ''''' of"" i,~" ,I......-~, OJ'I""i,.. to !ha, " 'hichJ"";,,i,,n
.n _rib.. d to O rigon. "h" "",pt-, lock! 'I'"",,/,im, IQ b<
fiui,e .
, /f...a;" .. t_.\" ,
... Il-00.-. tIt_s.! ~.
n.

A, or" "" r,...." ''''On' '0 """,,' i, ~,;u, "'''gilt of 'u,,, ;.
,ugg .."d,
", .. ther<" i, an e",1. A",I if &nl~"rc "'p '''''' >O>QIh<r "'''''' COT'
",i"I}' >">t,,,hi"8 ""'8'" i, """".1. but an e"d i, oJc,iSO,.t<d ,\,ul . ,
olkn '" '11", aco>t> of')", """,t>' ~ n""""",,,d some coo ~ ;mli<a'cd.
""""'81. 1'",10. 1" u"k""~',, ,,, "'. ",,,,,,1..,.... "",.hliBt.<.1 I,., G",l ,,'
,\, matte' offac' , ,I .. c"" .. "",iOl' b"',,, .. n ,,I,,,,
i. fi .. itc .",1 wl""
;" comp",hc n";l>lc ;, a Sloic a'gI,mc nl. R. Sombji ' " ,""cm, '0 be in
'~)ubt n. ,n whe1l,CT 1Iu. i. 'nle 0' not. He .. )~ ,Ltu be doe' rlO'
loj""df fin,l ,"rh a" "rg'' '><u,
;0 'he SlOic liw ..",,,re. It .. a good
"PI>ottun i,). ,1 d,i, I~'i"t. '" d,,~r Ih;, ,kmb' up b) sayi,,;( 11"" 'hi'
a'g"mcnt "'., .ij>clkd "", by CleQmcd." 2 nd c_ kll . m arg"mg
,ha' ,be "'0,1,1 i, fmi,e:
&oil.<,. /. ,o~ i>W ........ a~'o. a"" .."""" ... &i"up ..,,,,.,,,,,,i. ,h.
91>0,. 01> .. ,.... '0". .
...icoo'u , ci.u~(....'"
"tt ...... It.... riI. 31""",.",. "l.-t&; .Iv
Sonohji ,,,kl.. ce. d,e ci""ion whieh R_ Wall;" u",,1<- i" o,dc, '0 I""'"
'he S,oic ~Ica Ih'" oul)' " fU\i'e ""OI lier "f ",a,,, i, b.>u.<>bu.'" Bu,
'his passag.' 1"0''" tlothiog of ,he ko.d; "" S".. ~ji i, r.. tI,,, ju,IiH,:d
in douh'ing a, 10 ""h",hcr 'h" SIOic., actually hrld ,,,ch at! idoa or
"'~. It >C<"11l' ,h", an old ,"SS"',ioll aboul ,Ili, S"~c "ic.. was ",.de
by ,~rlier ""hol,,,,. but the ac,ual ",,,-,,,,,ing of 'hi' S'oi~ ,'K-v. wa;
I"". h "'-"",, abo ,h"t R. Wall;' ".-., aw~", of the "'ggc-<tio" ab"u,
'his Stoic '.;'"".. bul 00< of tile souf<'e of;' , ,\, any r.", ' I,.. ,,<1<111(,,"
a pa''''l "'hiel' <:Joe.< II~ p""'-. 'he pvinl: for all i, ",,).. is ,I"" 'he
g<~l, C'"" L1,o,," tI,c illfini,d) recurring .-n,," Ilr kn",,;o;( ,hc '-CD"
of one cyc le. T h;' ;. wby ,hi; q"e.tio" ;. .um,u"d1 by ",,,big,,i,),.
I ,hUlk tI"" ,he I~"~'g<' "'hid, I quoled ,,' ,lti, 1>0;11' "'ill .-liOlino,"
Ih;" ,,,,,hig";'Y. si'lC<" i1 cIc''''I) pro,' .. ,],a,
iI, fa.e, ,lte S1oiC! hekl ,he
idea ,h~, " lily ~ni,< " "m11."r of """eo is k""'...aIM. Th, S,";.-, ",.n;
b"""d '" co"nco', 'h< n",ion, of fini,~ a"d coml'fehc",;ble' sille<
'h"y he ld tha' ,he world i, .<lmi,u "en:,1 I,., a n., ure ' I\lld ye' ,It;'
"",u"" ",,,,,<'I). ,be;' ;(",1 ;s ",,,01'11"'"
Ut the ".",Id. Sloe<' Ih,,."
.,' 1I";!i<> .. fj..,a" 11. I~ . TI", =, oftN l"'"groph " ...id<-n<l) an ; .... " ...
Iatioo of k,,"''''''
. , k . So..", . a... w. 18.\ 6.
'" Sf~ n, 170. 21 360 CIr<>m<"<lM., /" _ ",,,/on __ -,"..._ p. 2.
'" Tit< ,;"-'''"' of " ..... ;, r""" :-,-,n.;,i.,,', (.... ,I...... <f M .... C~, 38 ,,~
11. 190. '0'''-'

150
were S,(Oic aflinna' ;on. ;d<nt;fy; ns t h~;T S,.d "';1h ' he Iw,ld, 1he
"""i(Ou (Of the infinite ,,-:to ~ " uJing them ill ""Yca.c,
T hi, was "'" a prool,m 00 0""",0, "'ho hd,l lb~ """ion of God,
~~(lic,,1 tr~n",cndc,,"c 00 'hc wo'k!. !l e 'hcto <""Id ./li,,,, ~"" 0",1
hi,melf " .... 'infill it~ ",he"3$ ,h" ",o,ld ''"'' 'fi " it~. Vet ' he 1""ld
i; finite 001 iKrllU5l' God ,,,,,,,,,t
..",u.,.sk",d ,,""" i:J injinik, h"t i>cc.',," 'h<
world came illtO briu!!" 10.- a cen~in I'"rp""', accor<ling '0 lbe di,iu<
di,peo,aoo" an,l ;, ;, d~"i""d to an end, in 'he ",,'''' of b",h go.,1
and " ' m'in~,wn . 'l'he ~'"!l"I""Cno for llw "orld 10 lot f'n;", lies ;n lho-
pe",ep,,,,n <.>f ,h< " 'o,ld ;"df h", mdy, ,h" ,he "'Orkl l"", a P"'"f'O'<
to ~cC()uol'li.h not ill th< pcrcqJ1iou of Go,l wh~L"",,e r. Tbu>,
Origen'. ;"g"\un"", for the worl,l to b" fini'" i, ,10' ba",d on ;ts ,... -
tm1u."ibilily by God, bllt ou 'he fact ilia, 'he worhl had a l>cgi"ning
aod ;; du~"(",,'d 1O,,~m> ~" ,"d. H,"O" H, .so,,,I~; is '10' ,.;gh, ill
a."n;,,!!" ,h;". alt hough ho d"". n (}l f,nd th~ ''l!"me", of,h .. ';"f",;,o"
heing ~"o:)ml'rclK"l,,a~e in thc Stoic b'em,u,e. d,is ",!o~",ocn' 10CC<~l\e.
explicit in Orig"n.'"
Ong.,o .. ".,{I a, , be Sooi<;. ~tlirrn ,I"" llle "mid is Ii,oj,,,. H "",~er.
(b ,,) W~ ,hi, ,,;,~,. d"l'a"u)~ from iliU",""", P'""'""" .,,,1 ai:nl;"g to
d;tfc", '" 1''''1)''''''. In S(O~~"'" the d ;\;n. compn;hen,ihil;,y i, mai'~y
",a n ifest~d '" <J"I'''''/k,a. ,,hrrca< ;n Orise" ,hi. i, mai"ly I><rcri,cd
'" ~p.;,,,,,,,. 'he import of which i, i,,,,Ie\.,,t to 'h" Stoic homonym
io ""'Ill) r"'1'"elS. 11,. Stoic ""I'ro/k,,, ~xis" "' , 10 " "wld "",I i, ;,
aho (Originated in the ""()fld sj"cc th.,,, i, no ,,,.U,,n "f trodn"" ,,
den,,,, a' oll . TI)(" ""I'~tiIk"" "'" 10 .. .fooi~ j"" bo:..,... ~". ' he "wl,1
;. fi,,;. ,,~) .
In COntm". Origco ', ,"i<;,.. .. , ha' ..p.;vola 3hhough m.~ , tif.. t<"d in
,b " world i, origi"" ,,,d ;0 ""',,,d
,I,,, " orld, o"",dy. in ll'" d;,;""
"ill . So the'" i, 0>0 ""...,,., compell;ng h;m '0 acc,p' ,h.t ' hc "wl,1
i. fUlit" MattU 'h< 'pOvo'" is fi,,;,~ . 0 " tIle co"tr~J"r, I"",~u", ~piiw>,a
u ~oI.fooik. he "owh~re 1"",,,,I.,e. th., the dil';n< comprche,,~bility
i> fi"ite , On the commry, he eXJ~icidj", ~Ild iu '-cr,' ""on!!" term.,
" ...."'. ,h.I1 ,h" ,Ii"n" . """,,,. is injinik. ,,' oh" ,w",'" G re~k por,
t;om demon."."",.
'n,errfo'e. ,h"", is "0 lo.>gic.l '''''''' I><"",,,n ,l,e a...,,,ion 'l"', ,ho
world i. fU\i,~ :uod the di"ine .bi~t)" ,,, coml'ccheud. IfO,igc n airU"T'"
th., the ,,orld i. fwite. he (~,.,. !o" " rc",o n. dilli-rcn' from lb",,"

251
uf 11,,, Stoics: the COIII'," of 'h~ ..'O'ld in ,i"'e i. )lO( jll.t a 01"''''_
iugle 0.",1 ,i",l.,.. oatu r:tl 1II0''''''''TI~ but (hore " , Il, o.w"gfll l
",,,tion through ,,-hid, a ti".1 go;,1 ;s (0 I", acb,",,-d , This ;s ,.. by
h,' em pha,i<,,. (h~( ,he "odd is fin i,~.'"
Hence. i( i. 11 0t the S(oio argu"""t, namdy ,h< dil'i,,,, ahili(), (0
eompreho"d (Il< ,,orld. ",Itich de1enllin" Urigc ll'. aflinlL~,io" ,I~"
(he world i. fini'e . For the ,~,'iue co,upr< homii>il,), iu i",clf" explic_
id) O1",,,d a. ibli,,;,e-.
Tlu, i, " h) 11. . S"r~hji" "01 corn'( in arguolg ,h~, O-W,,,', atti-
,,,de O il (h" illfUlity of the "'otid ;" I~,><d upon th e argu"'''"l> <.>f
(he S'oics, T he S'oics ]>,,,, I.tc ,be world ... four- becAme 'hoc)' art
p""""'''pkd " i ,h I",,,,,,,,-;ng ,h,. no,;"" of 'he di",," cotnprchem;_
bili,)', Origcn ,ak<, for grame,1 ,ILl! th< dj" i"" coTtll're h.mil>ili(), "
i1ifiJt1i', fel he ~,'"'" 'h:II ,I" , ..-odd isi"';:'- Io<r~"-,,, Iivr< is "" ",,,,,~.
/JJgi<~1 ""PO~ "hi<h i, to b< f"lfdled in ,h~ "0"""" " f timc. T h"",fore.
in ti,e ligl" of hi. "~'<ll\e l1 " ill Greek, th e poin' of ,be I.ati " "'''_
'l<ri1lg of ''''", "' h",, ,h.,." "pp"an ,,, be a ,,,,,,,,,blanc. 10 the S,oic
",);,,,n,''' ' 'hookl t., ,,-,g.rdM:1 '" ~ simpli",je ",' w~"i og d,"' 10 Ruti,,,,,',
t:.i]u...-- 10 g"''''P (h" iD """", esrl"'-wlogical d",r.o<'er of 11", 1\I""" ... Iri",,,
(hought'" I, i, Rufi", .. , not O "<'n. "'h" "Ppea" ,0 f<.>U..,w (hc Stnic
r."i<mal<. ill coo"",t '0 all of hi. Greel: ,, '; ,iug', Acrordilt)[ly, i, ItO'"
t:.xOl"" ol",jo,,, ho..- ,n,skadi!l& ,he ~r..g"'en" " I'ich K",,,,,,h,,,,
;,'dutk,1 ;n !'i, "di,;on of I""'"
a,.".
fleside . in ,,,,,,,"-110" (he ... i, (he foUo"'ng ",:.ro"ing agai" " the
'to,iun of I)"gillning"'" of d>e "orld:
tf ,t,.. ><o<kl i. 'to< <o".unu,,, d. lot" e ..... infu,itdy. ,~'" Gcod ,,-ill
".. toe _h '" (u ."""". <Y",)1hillg b<~r< it "'" 00>1<',''' hu( h<
nt;glll 1>" '" I~"""! '0 Iu",~' OItl)" ""'''' ofth.", W"", ,I,.,." """ ,n><k
.".1 .fIt" 11.<,,,. Iw- b"""i od",,, fu, "h:,( ;. iut,,,j,, i> b ) , ,-, t u'" ~
.. , Wt ,r"tl ' _'ledge, a,
lu"'I"k,1ge i,,,,1f by ,"'",re in,po' I;rni"
'0 ~h.t i. kJ,ov.TI, -
It, , I", cO>,'"~, ,I.< vie ... e~pff'<""1 ;to ' '''.... ma, (;",1 I"" (",~,ed
""c~'lh i"g 'h) " om!>e" and m~:.st"'-' ca" l><' ,'o"r"ftk(! flU<TI ,,'ri,illg<
", -.11",- 13, t: ~ ..ft<-

,'. , ~ "'t .....'<'!' _ I tit" u,;, ""","ut". """", JOt '"'0)' ifR ,dccou>', u","
"""pm"''''''''.
,,' Ibn., n
,~ _ "... 13, t.

152
in C"",k, oi'I<.< in """","I/all Ih.", i, referellce to " h ~ finil< numher

of "",I, ix , oil "" '(J~""" ,. . .
"t'll.... ~p,l\Ioil .'" A ,,,,,,iculou. "11(1}'
of 11,,. argt",,'''1 a, dU, po; u, of """",-lIot, ,1>0".. thal God', corn-
preben,ihilily i. ' >01 an,,"U~ 'I"csUon<d. W h~t i. a'KII"d for is Ih" ,
,h ere ", ,,SI b. a ""ruill ""fo" crea,ioll . h,,, LlOlo,. ,,,ch 3 btfor< i,
olI",,'ed for, f'roI>Iug tall lII~kc no ""lie. God 10.'0"''' 'he world
f",;'e "0' became G(~l;" u,,,,blc '0 kilo,," "h.,,, iufu,it<, I"" 1>CC<t",,"
(;00:1 i, ,ai(1 1() kJl""" """J"j. lung "".fo<' ;1 "'''' ",.,<Ie. If 'he world ;,
hegi'lOigl"... ~,.. di\,,," fon l """I"dg. ' c.,,,ld m.lu 1.0 senso' '''''
bee."", God call1'()\ com pr~h<lId ",hal i, infinite, 1)01' ,;ml'lr bec3""
,h e I\o,iOIl of !Hp loo",. all "'~"Jlillg.
Oriser, '. idt" , ha, ", ha, ;, i" f",;,. ;. incompre he",; hle ;, ,ho"
nwl;od to th e "...,rl,1 "n l)', 0" ,hi! he ;. q " i'~ e~l'~ci' 'peakillg ahou,
dte 'infuti ... k"""l,,tg.-' "f God," ,,',' ha,.., .... 'n , H"",,,,r. ~'" " ,.,rld
",,,,I h" r",it< h)' re",,'" of lhe f.,et d"" it "'as la,,,,,.,, ,n C od !Hjim
il camc i1110 cxi"<nec , Hi . Ikq,.-r aim i, to .rg" ~ lba( (he ...",Id i.
R f",i," cre.lUre, n",,,, I)', th~( ;, hwl " h~gi'Uliug "".1 ;( ",.ill COme
' 0 :oD , "d. Th;, is in faC1 do.d) " ,Ial.d to h is eooc.p,;o" of '1'''''''-
tim,. ", 10;" 10 i. de,tio",,1 '0 an ""d ""d ;" M' Ih" -r~'"Tt5io,,' of a"
<ndb. and mcalli"g\c'" cu.mie m "'~lIlC " t . '1'hi, i, "'1,)' loe C-'I'~'
ill}' rcj<-ct, ,he "01;"" of ,to -inru, i' la~<I pa ""il TC'CUIT<llcr of ...und". I7l
O,ill= ,Iten boldi! (hat "ha( i, OOt infiuitt lhm;', ...hal ba, a
b<'ginnitlg ,,,,,I a" r"dl i, co" 'p,..'Io<" ,ible. Fe"", "I,k]' folio,," Ik"
""",,I;' '(nfI""I1""wk i, _0/ ;'!ft.it<-: calh~c i, 1",-, I~'lh a hcgi ,mi ng .",1
an ,,"d. l1>i, i. p",ci",~ hi, n>"'''I'I;,,1l "f ,im,-. Rega,dl.,.. of ~n~
" ,h" ""'<melll .boon th. dum,ion "f 111< ,.-0<1<1, hi, opill ion ab"",
,h e <.",ah"" re l.tion bc,wttll . iI< and ".a,,,,p.rh<IDihk re'Mi<T'< ,im<
fmi( e. Hi> "e'" 11"" il ;, h"k<"<l po,,;!>k: 10 "C<luire a -C("'1~'''1 ~''
,io" of both pa" " " d r"",,,, aeo",'" indi,.tc, hi, (""""'oon (h" ,
,im. iu.-1f i. compfehemihle . Time then i. "'" infi"i,~, it I"" l~>lh
a b.'ginnins and an <nd . Ong<n " ... (he pa";,,iplc 'D'''''''''' I,h"",
malic (" indie,\(e "I"" i. " cre"'ur", a, wo h,,\"< <C<11.''' It i, (hell
d ear that ",h,." be 'I""'" nf -,.:rov6", be indu,le< tiu,,, in thtm.
Ac<ordil\~), h,' ",,,., (h:.( "(he ,'o'\h""'I'Lotio" of ,,11 ",.d" 'hing.
Ip:yo'";",,. ;, a r", ite onc . ill ,I';, inclu,li"g "1,,, collt"mpb( ion of
m 110/,
'" CA., IV, 67.
~' ",p". 9, PG 12.1196; v.P,. 15. 1'G 12.12(19; <lIP>. I", PG 1~.1 672 .
... er ",p" ~f. 1'G 12 1 Iro, ~ _ , I', 2!<

253
t!mc;'" it i; OI~l' thc knowledge ","t he Holy Triuity ,ha, ,, infilli,c.'"

Tit, "el)' r:.ct ,It., ,im .. ;tself j, C"'~Wf1" 1... ,1, ' 0 ,b,' cood,,'ioo
,Ita' 'ime i, IInl i ll~n i l~. b ,OI ,""('~he. fn,," a txginn inl( 'n an end.
Tlti, i, "'h)' 'ime i, (>.>mprd'<Il,a,ic .,nd 'colllemp"" ion' of,l.< whole
,im~ m"k """"'.
T he OpiniOD on 'he fini"'1<" of ,ime Ca" [., "',,"'et! from the
l~' n-r",,;"g '0 ~'" 'COI''''lOl'l"iOl' of 'o:t<ie O,i" &>' \" hid, 'Il,i,,!:,'
uldude tim e :.1.",1. In a<klilioJl ,ho"K" 'h~re aft '1""';. 1 to ",re",,,,,,,,,
'he 'co"l<mpb,ion' ,,r"1I ' im~. III "II~ ',h< king<I,,1U nf G'~l" i. i"t<r
pre,,i .. ",he cOD'"mpb,;Ol' of ,h.
""Ill' tn"rlc {1f'YOV"'''''') a"rl ' he
"cOn. whiclt will b" made \.~\.. ~""" .... <aV :.,,' h' 'he ...me work h"
ol,..,t\.".: "For me kb'gdom of Lord" \l,e co"'"!,"'ti"" of ,,11 'he
""on;, bo,h of ,It"", m"de a",1 ,hn.. ""hich "ill I~' m,I<; ."d i, i.
bl" ,hi> "oll mpill'i"" 'h" ' e,... mi ... ]>OIU. f,ic"ru.-'A ' \lld f"nh,,:
"d" in heri.ance of m,io".1 M.",... i. to " 'elllpbtion of .he,", aeo ...
"",de :,, ~l of tho," whic h will be 11",,1<.-'" Time th<tl i; he ld tu IN:
fmi.e. tha, is. it had a I><:giuning "",I ,,'iU COme to ;," "nd , Tb;, "
\\h) he ca" 'pe"k of "he order of 'be e'"i .... ~ of ~""n' (~,p; rii;
rv ;;~"o, '0(, ni.." l\'a,,,~,,,,,I,"" or 'all ,he """n, 0,""", <"'"
!>iolV":;','" "' "'c ll ~. "f ',he ex,~",ion of 'he "hol~ ,;me 1'0\,
5,,,,,.~~,,.o.; ""'>
Mo, ):J><Iyov '.'"
T lti. 1I0t;on c>f fmi,eo"", of time (o"ld ha," """n gn,he ... ,1 right
trom 'he "~", as " coroU",y tIo"'ng from 'he r"", 'h~' ,u"e pmper
;, <10'.1)" cu ,m,-c)C,1 ";Ih ,he ""rld i, ,,,lf The implied "",ion "r.
feeli llg) of '1,"cc.,illlc eOlJ kl lead directly '0 the wuci",io" ,b~, ,i me
a",1 'th" "metu... of Ih" world' (or.pace) 'I~'gin' togt ,h" o'Kl aoo
come '0 "" cnd '01('<1"" . Still Ongen doe, e"p~ca'" h;, \;c" OIl !he
qne-tion: ,;n>c i, "01 ;"h,u,"I)' lon& bu, ;, ha. a b<'ginning ",,,I an
.,Ill.
o ; ItmN .
. . as .m ".. , ,. ,"",
Thi, i..... h)" he "ho '1><ak; of ']"'gin lli ng and cnd and m iddle
1> ,
'" Th. ""I""""'" '"''''''''r>i->''''' of "'""'" thi,,!,'" i, " ,WII ;" ong.,n; ~ .,..,
<l .... j ~.
,~ ,;lA, 114. 10<. d.
'" 1<Ih, li 'l
... ..rp,. 9. J.o. <iI.
,~ ..rp,. I~, /or. No
,~ MQ.. XVII, I !.
'" c.;" 1\' , 69,
... _ ..JoIo, 10. XXXIX .
,~ j/..:. ~,

151
11 i' ""K",,,,nhy that "ll Ihe q""'tio ll of non infinity oflime Origen
;. oppo-oc<l to fu ndamemai Sloic ,k""nne. ,~,ee ,he latter beld ,im<
to b" i"H'ol< ;11 b",h ,1in:<IKms. "'''I is. I"Si "" d fu ,u,.." 00 thi,
'1"""'00 hi' lhough' is aho '.l'l.... ""d 10 O . CtJlIm~nll'< , t'" 'II'''''''
which cbim '0 " 'I>()u"d th e 1'''''' C hri"i"" m",,"I">O" of,ime ,,;th
0'" allY ' Heikni ... ,jon- of i,. A. a lI ~"'e, of f,e t. CuUmaOlu hold.
ti me '0 be intini'e iD both ,l i'=~)II" ill tlu . way ,,,,,,,li ng u,~ Wo
far a""y from 'he S,oic ""d A';"ote~ab collc"",i0l1 of i,. He ih(ked
po ..,law, ome "" an ex".io" infini'c in both do"",,,i,",,'" To him
tilll" i. nvt 3 ern,ure,'" i, '" i" fllli,c a nd i, '" in r,,,,, "" etemal
co""p,,,uo,, of God. 'l1,i. i, how he ,bino. be I"" ",I"etl 'he proh.
1<,,, or,ime OtIC< and for aU. SO ,It." ',im";' nO probleol ~'lJ' more.""
It , hould be aIM> ",..""d ,ha, ,h(" ,i mc or ,ltc '1''''''''''
",-"n' i! n01
n:gar,k.:I a, OQo,,"1hi" g d,m''''DI f">m 11,, ';mc ill "hidl God i,
th ongh, '0 li\'~. S impl\,. "I ,h i. p"riod of li me the'" i, I\I~ UI~~' G....-I
h,,' "I", ,It< ,,'o,kl li"iltg witbin d,e S(JIW ,jme. Tlm' the csscnce of
'h i' ",,,,,,oins ;, ';I1"all)" a l1a,onjc onc. in wbich 'he no,;on of ,he
""... rla.till!l ,,-...1<1" It., simpl) t",,,,,, ."t"ti""cd
b) 'h<- ,1Q1;"n of 'e"cr-
L"" i,'l; 1;0l~' , ba" aI",ad)" h<.,u co"..... ,1 <,,,I;"'r.
11).",f"...,_ <he "OIinn of 11t~ i" fmi<c i, in,'ol,'cu n(>t (>"1) i" ,he
co" ccp,ion "f "' h,,t i. i"fl"i,ci)' long, b,,, .J." infilli,d)' ,bon. It i.
tn", th" 'he Grrcb failotl w m.....,cr 1he C<."I,tr'dl COIK""" of ;nfiuit"",,,,d
c;tkul "s. 11 ","e!), d' e IUll" ""d Ih~ I""""'" of d," rot,,',-rgctON" 1"",,,ds
a limil '" 'l Ite dr~fru"ic eo" fl'1)"" ,i,,,, of G",d: :\b,hem"'ic. "' i,1t
th < prohlem. of co"'i " "i~ .nU 'hc 'nfu,il<' ..''"' ' n d'e ""kh.. wd
I"''''do",. of Z~n" of Eka _ in th e (,"', half of 'h ~ fIfth eet""",. n .(;.
'ne'" parad""e', n:co,dctl Il)" A';"",le.''' I'lDp'''U''1. u"dcT th e gui ...
of "cs,,"'e"". "gai"" lite po",bW ,;, of mouo" a. """," of lite fu n_
<kotnel,,~1 <o''''''I'tio''. m",idcr Sf'ac" .. ~ ",-""ill""'" uf I>()itl " . It
"'.. onl)' ,I", Stoic th'Hlgh' thal made ><)me ,en~"bbl,' .d,-an"", ill
th e illfmi,e.im,,1 r-"!cul,,, ,,,,d th e)" ,,,.,icipatcd ","'e of the eOllcept>
fom,e,1 iD modem :\ b ,h<mat;" . b<"gUlUi,tg ",'i,1t th e ca\culu, and
leading to 'he f"o(bmeb1al, of tbror)' of ""'. '"
'" CulImonn, Of. nr., p. Gltf.

'" (Jp. ~,.. p. 13-
'" q,. "'.. p. 63 .
... S. SAmhuNoJ'_ I'I]';'-' ~ .'-, !.on,1on. J9~9, p. 89.
'" I'I;r""" VI, Ch. 9.
.., & s..,.'bw><) .,. "'-. p. 89.

255
T he Stoi~. "-e'" c<>n. id<rill~ th< 'no",' .. th~ lim it I",t..,-""n P"-,t
0.",1 fnture, "" "'C ha,'c "'CIl. Tll;, notion. if l'",h1 " ~l1Jc , tould
&_ ..
ea,;l)' lea,l to tbe collch,,;oll tha, 11u. '''0,,' does nol "';'" al lIll ""
B...... ~~M, .r....,)." Wh .. i, of ''''porl'on''' for m) '''hjcrt
a, 'his poin' ,b.t ,I", S'oiQ h.1d a notion of t'me a, '"fini<cly
<I;",i;ihl . T his mainl-,- "o,",,,,,,d from ' heir "i.ow of ,im" '" a tou
tiu"",,,, , '" To them. time i. ,,,,, (Il~j" i"linite ill I~uh ,lir=~>ns_ but
aI", it is '1l>,:e'P,ible ofheing iufini,ely ,Ii'i>ildc. ,o""r<l, a limit which
" du,.,io,, ",d ,,,,"<I 10 !ul,
Orig<n d"", '00' hold ,h~ form~r of ,h... Stoic no,io"" tL,,,,,,ly.
of infwi'e tu" c!. Ho..,-~=, h. "ppcan to hold ,h. Ia".r, ,h~t i,- the
d",i;ibi li'J" of ,jure od ;,p.ir.m. In h;" thQugh' i, make. ",,,se to'r<ak
of ~" infin;tcf;,' ,bon ,ime. Th;" <k"o,,,, a durati<tn of "'hi<h bo,h
bc-gin,,-,"l-: alld "",I 'i,."",II~ coincide. He oo"'id<rs 'his iolit,i"'I)' .110<'
,Iur.,;"n mainly in ",k-r~ncc w di,;"" ac,ion 'he "'"rid 10 I"", W
be ... id. ho"'-~'Cr, ,ha( 'hc pbilo><,phical cm;ron", ... , w." alread)'
"'''"'''' IOr accelMu,S 'he notio)) of iI)jin,~ iu ,h(" "OU1e~, ,h" ,,", of
.o~in conCe'" t",. OriW''' '
'11,, ("()''''"J~ of the iJifmi~ " .... a ""'~ug" gro" ",1 '0 nlk:t:t on "'il)';U
'he i,,,dleCl""U fra"'~ "f th~ Ch",b, ",I", a''''''Y' PUf"S,,<-d ",,,itic. "f
m(~k"'tio,~ af 1',;';(., "1\(1. .I",,c all. c"tit;c, "hieh wct'!: in'cr
grat<-.:i in one w~)' or .. ,o,her. lu/iuite i, ,,,,,,hu,S uu/ini<h<-.:i and
not i" ''"rg", ... d; ~,i, ;" ,,'hy G""k '''etap b )~k< ,,-a, ..... ho<1 a'" 10 wd
come ,his n(l,i!)n to ' h e frame of 't> im'eS1ig-Aliotl" Wh e'.a, th e
,,010,.-<1 us<' ~"d defi>lili"" of opti"'" b) ,\,,,,";,,,,,,,<I<r ho.d " dill;,rrnt
se,,!,,' and o,ic"""io,, _ I,>,tllasme:tn . ,\'omi". "nd ",110 nog.ml""
i'ffori""" ;c<on,L\r.,.. i,,<lcc,j uu<rior, reality. 'n" ... mc 11Otioo. how
".~(. " 'a; ,Lt: "'Ost su'lahle 10 ",lu",I,r"I" Ihe ", lam", 1",,,,,",,, ,I~ ily
and th e fu,i,, thi ng< of Ihe ""rid..'letaph) ,~c~1 ,h"'lghl em;",w'd
a gnd ,,-hich .. b<),,,,,,1 I;m ;". and adutnb"'<ed ,h i, .w-ity by m.an.
of an "otion. st,ggt"tinl! th;" ... a bo,mrlk" ""ing. "ndJco>. ;ndefu,itc.
unoom,ded. of itllu,en", 1""'>= a "d unlimi'i'ed knowledge , lu thi..
come"t, 'i,, 6ni,e' aw",.. ,be the ""'" ""p"'l'ri~1e nn a",1 noriOb
w .... "dc< ,hi. ("o"<~plio" of Ih,' di,inc. ,h,' ",[,n'm" n-aijl). God.
Th, 'e,m ,ben cl~or"d " pl>l<;c .. an aOplabl.: ,onn U' 'pol'h:t,;c
'hcolo!!y. T he 'O u< of :\"COb'oni'''' , which w,,-. the ultimate source
"" Sf"F. 11. 165, 39,

~, SIT, 11. I~. I ~ 19 >od 16-1. 2)-2<5. "'hi. ~",.n ,\ti ~" ,,,,,,-. <00.

156
of ,,11 kind. an,l mod". of bo,i ng wa, 'infinite' , A, for Ih~ primary
,li'IDe power ",bid, ,lom in"I" a nd .dmini"." Ihe e,,'uc world,
,,-f,ich acco"lu'g 10 th. S1Di c_","",,, ,b agor<~" pbih:""Phy or nanlre.
i, 'he "" I',,-n\o' c...- ' n,~' "hieh ",10. ')I,'r an n, 1un', it ,,~, dO"Io"d
befinillg '0 be ""Ikd 'nfill it, ', In thi, ,,,ill, "nd con""lurn, I)'1D ,hi.
phi"""phital e",;ronmell', " ...," OLWUal for the ereati,-. l>Owor of
th e llih~c.J G",1. wbid, i. "'l!icc' '0
no limi1 a",1 ncc,""i!}". and cre_
""" . ,'ery,hing oul of nothing, 10 be caU",1 inSn;,.. '00, ,\",1 n01
onl) ,his d;"i "" I>on-cr. b", ~Iso 'he l'e""'l) of Ihi' I",,,,,,,,,a] God to
be ,",Ued infmi,. "" "'dl. Thi, m~.n. tha, ,he l\(),ion of infDli, ;,
pruf>M1)' of ,,'" ()'~)" Ihe >I'I' ",m" "'"'''pby,;.,,1 re"~ty, bu, al", of
th e inhe"'''' .",.",.. of things. Md ab,.'. all. of f;()(I!" Th ". '-"'''''' _
wall)' it ",-a, "If..,;,:!eut tlt a, ,h. "'I"ell1< l><"ing i; tlte 'infUlile' wruch
is dim''''n' and 1>.-)'0"01 all [ioi'e dung<. no,ioll> ,,,,01 ,..tabon. ,
In .........,\IoU i, i. "at~d ,ha,
,he I"-'S'"" althungh acting wi, hi"
time, don '~>1 ac,u"lI), him odf "".d time ill on!er '0 act "'it hin 1be
wor.1. T hu. "f ()(le uce<l. much ,ime in order to oiler all lti. he l<)ng_
i"go to the poor I~'ople. th" l..ogoo ,,'<)uld "01 bo' bi"de!'<:me. pc ...
fcct"ll ,,' " nce (..;Qtu.;,. "'" With rcfcrcllce 'o Jn<lgt:mc nl, i, i. "c"",l_
ingl)' ",,'cd:
,,,",,I <10 "'''' ,h",,1.I d oin\: ,10., ,,,mo k<nd of 101\g ,imc ~(I"",", '" .....
(It.... _ ) ..-ill l.>< ,,,,,,\ed 0r ""',,1.0<1;- '0 ,..",\er ,,, acoouo, >bout , 11
hi, lik h<<<: fo< God , by hi. "iU. ~'ill 011 . , "'''' SO "O",,*, m.~c
",,<>;uudy rcwlkct <\'<1)1hiog he ""'Hnitd <Iurillg I';' !if", be il good
'" rod: .,.1 God, I') hi. io<lfuhJ.- po",'r, ,,-ill ,toW ",'"ybody r",'1
"h" th"t " ... "" d'<l '" th"t ~ ~ iU onden",nd ~ hy he;' puni,hi
'" 1100"",01_ ,~",l ,,,,. might d:o,..,,,) 'h" ,be kaimo of ,he " 1>1.1
j odg<:m<>" <loco ,,.,. OO<'d tune " '"" .f'V"oo..........".
' plo, ... ' u' '''''
"" &,; '''' X".s. ...' : b,n '" 111< I'C.u",x,iulI i, .id '0 1I.pp<" ' il, a
""'''''' ''', i" lb.' ,,,"'Iling of.n '1" ..... "" I d,u,\: ,he J "dg<,tnnlt "iU
h>wn , n"" '"
It, the .. m. quc.lion rom", "I': 110 ti mc is I..-,<led ill order
"""",,\loll
to I'C"dcr "n acrount of ~U tho yeaF> ,,'" ~"XI in ,hi, li f~ ~~ ...
'" Cl "Wd<lt..".!!l,""""U,. ." <iI.. " . ~'6.

,., .-11,.. I~, Ill.
... j ['--<or, I ~ , ;2,
'" />/"'. 79.

257
XpOvuu KoJ..Jw\o 5,,;,.,,,,,. 'i"a o'A'apGfi iuliv Kt~i tilw iWov lpOv"'" rr.:;
/v .-rt.il<.< I;o>ii, MJ"",,\; and 00 O<le ,ho<~d be u,oJ:,;lhf,~ '0 ,he po"-e.
of C",I 10 "","e ,hi"go I"'ppe" "' i,h .uch mpidi1)' {TIf' '''~" rii:;
'Q" 800\0 pi "'~f(' t;~V"I""".i; for G,>d did not nee,1 ,ime 10 ",,,b;
,hi; creation ; a"d if it i. ""id tha, thi. h .. b<:<n mad. iD .ix d,)"
onc . ho\\I,1 h" '-"'1' c",did in lHJller;'an,li rlg ,,hm 'he m<anillg of
,he ,ix ,I"p ",, "" [,,<kc,[ 11,. J udgrrn,'m will OCCUT it, a " . ~ ,,'h;,-b
i, th e ,,,,," e to th a, "hid, 1'.,,1 predi,," 000'" the RcJUr ....'<:I~"' '''
I.iL",wi"" in " Fmgme", uf """'J", 'lnoti"g J<r. 21\. 8 i, i. I">iu,,,,[
om 'hat the """""mOla,ioD will happen all a' 0"" go io.9~. '"
T herefore. Orig<ll hold. th., i, i, Vo"ihl. for 80 action '0 ,ake
1'1""," i" tim, ,,,,d yet 10 ba,,,, "., d u r.";o,, . T hat i, a kin,l <J ,"u' _
po .... li,) "hieh i, 'ime of no 'hH-~tion 1)\01 xp6v",:; 3'"~''''''I.''' 'ni,
",<a", ,ha, a , ~"ion of infinitely di,;"!>I. ,im. i, 'q)hdd ; acconli"g
to tbi . a ___ ." a limit be,wccn 1"" a"d fu'm~ i. an infiDj,ciy
U,,,,, ,im< withou, du"ui"" ," all .
Ongen is (OIociou, of ,h" ro~e.p'io~; i~ a"""'p,ing to <iq,ie! ,h.
sisnifocan"" uf 'h< Ju<w'",,'''' [u"l",r, he ,,re" 10 ,h .. 'Iwgil)n;"s' of
J udgement, >1ati"s ,h a, ,hi, ..-ill '!.>egi n ,,- i,h ,h.".. who Ok-" 'h" m,,,,
,kl",;. Y<t he pu, ' he foUowillS in [""<"ob"",,, in 'he ",iddle of
lci. ph .."",:
Id"" toeg;"n;ngl J,ou[d I", ",,,,",,,,,,,,<1 'Hdy a, an ;",.11"",1 '-"'''''1,0
ti"" u,""... l.a~"""",n'~,, ; f", woo I."... not fu~"<,, wlo., ~- . . .id
I><'f"",'"
H" know, , I".. in . uch a c..e i, 01,,1:. "" .. ""I ,",u,", '0 ,peal; abou,
I"'gu",-,,,g'. a< if ,b ;, ,,-el'l: some,h;"g ,b"Ulguisbe<i fmm d," n." uf
'he "h ... k d"'atio'L ~'Qr tn ,hi. '""n..,nd",; nSo,ime' nQti<.on< ,,,d, as
b<gi" ni"g. o ",1. or indecd C',-",U duml;on. applr onlr a, intdlce_
,ua i al",,,,,,,io,,. ;"
'he """'1
atlen""'c-<l .. me.
'1'10 ", ~\. ""tion "r " oo...,,,du'-;,,<; Om" ... 11)b,~i to ,he cI'I:ati",
act of God, 10 1 ),~ ilivio<, jUdgN".. t\(, . . " 'd l ". 10 <I,c """'1'1:01;0" .
... 1'ItiIv. 0]", h<'ld !ho, "'" M_' dIi)' of <rt,ti"" ;.-.bo:>." ,," ""'" but an """',
or ,~~ Cf_ /" tIJ>I'oW ,'/...... L~'6--7 _
~ , ''w''.d;,,!! '" I 0.-_ IS. ~2 ...,< nI"'",
_ I t. .. 11,9_
'" r"-","",,, X,.'(!'<\' or ,
~ i f....... tilt """ .~ .,...~""" . ..
'~ 10<-... onr ",' ; Cf Ari.< ..... , " '..... 11lbaU ,
... _ ...1'", 11. 9 _
'" T hat ~ ,"""", 'h< ooo"l"mioo of u... joodot<'" < " ~ ~ \I"', 1-1. 10,

158
T here .'" aloo oth cr <m"'~plio n. to ,,'hich thi. "oti",,, ;" applied. I"
n Pmg>"~,,, of rof'IMJoIut ,,c read thi; C01"",,,1I1 "'u J",l", 11.27;
hi> [.... J"''''l .... u "a. ""loud ,,,,rora,,,,,1 , 1""" all tl~.,.., hu, Le
,..., n,O <Io",i"".d 1,.,- ,n,bora.~' .. n' a. On. ", ;~h, thh'k, ",.. U 110;'
"'.. b"t '1l0'''cu''ry ci ' "p'ni",,; Ilo i. i. ",L., 'hc "'om "0'" ,~,
~!!Ilif"", for .. ""'" .. i, ""1f"U ;1 "<>pp<d iIp,,!"Jp '. 6~, <,,1
..""""'":; "",I pr,. :tically ......... <i..i.\ ;' ~-... .,00,' of ti"", """t....
~, tpt\vob. '-\' HI )'on ",,,,,Id ..,., ,h., 1,,, p,a)" !Or hi, h.t"" "II-'i,,"
,h~ iX''''''' fighting ,~.in" Ioil" to ,ake pltc. no< in durat"''' 01 ,u,,,,
,"", ,, "-'P"''''''' :u>Y""" Lut III a 0"'" ~U' .. '" ,.~,), "" loch "'~
<Iluugh fU!" the ,,-,tU of J<>'" 10 """'1ua lh" 1""' ...r th< ,~ il.'"
'llli, ;" how the "otio" of "oll-<lId uring time i. dc-;criool. AU tlu-
"ntfl<>t'al t""m 11",,1 IInderline the roincide"ce or the beginning ""d
,"d "'f ,hi, d",.... I;"n . Ono' also can -'<" a ring of tbe wn<el~;on <.of
ti"", a, """",wn and contin""m in the ftgUre of I.... int uf ~ li,,,:
"l'pli<,1 to tlo;' n(>I" "lfl " ring tim<, '" 1'(Or ind<..,rl in CC"'tn<l,) I.... i"'
of" line i. I~"tulat"l "' Io.,;ng "" len!(l ll " " d it, lJ<iuning "nd
e"d coi11cide.'"
rill:.!I)" " l'h""gh O riJol"II ImId, Ill<' "",,,,n of ;IIti,u"'J), ,1t<>11 time.
h ~ re"",i". rO tl ,;.U: "1 " 'ith hi, w ncepti'"' of lim~ .. ",al . II ~ h ..
"oue of the Stoir r,,,'c"'~,ioll ' wloich "",I to ,Ii"l"''' 'he T''''~ t)' of
'no\>" "" tl~' co,,,idcr it 'CT't j,hj" to ~" inc,ioll hy both P"" and
flltu",. To hill, 'no,," Iv"," i, fitllr ",.,1 time. Ilkt all tim" i;. It i,
u, ,"is ,,al 'nOli' l1 .. t real ",ml~'ral ",.~,,,. occur; ,,,,d d>O><" ",'e,u,'
a", nut unl)" real, b"t tll<'Y al"" ~re ,,,noid.red to I~' cl ;,; .... "'(lO'"
of ~nortnO\" iml~'rta'''c f(" the ,mire world.
Tht <00, 01"";,,,, i, thm O rigen r.-j" the "i,w titat time i. infi,tite
iu either <.of i", ,brc<:tion . '11lc irlterconll'ct,d", .. bet,,=n iofLuity
aud cO"'I'", I"'",;1>;hl)" ;, reg;ud",1 in a COnteX' ditr""'bl froo~ th",
"f St";r'''''' N,,'c"h.-le", Iw hold, a nOOoo, of ;nr",it,.j) shon ti t"",
a ,ime of 110 'h,mtion at "11. III th;" r~." h< dO<$ ' lQI 110< ,he t"rn,
' i"finitc' directl)"; )"tt h, "'1'''''''' hi. DOt;"" 01'"0 ir,fU1ite rli,;, i!>il_
... fiJ"'" I."XX\'HJ.

'" y" Orig<n knot-. m., dUo ~ j"" "" ,,,",,,,ur. ,, "'P'" k", dUo ~ ~hy ""
"""' "'" .. f""..... 'to,; H<>,; .u..;v' ",1U<h I _,""".,. 'pro<OCaIy', '.&tminol; 1"ld<1
.od Soot .., r....-FAfIiP! 1 _ but "'" """""'" """,,".., of tM "1""";"" j, 'I
.. y OD )~ , I ".. . m.,..,ur", " I"'""'''''.
~, 1<;' indico!i,,, of. cnuin ~"'" m." "' G"" ,11< """ lot- I!,,,,,,,.tri-
"., l"A"" ",od kw .".....,.' ~ Iht """. "'""~ 0'''''''.

259
it), of ',me leading '0

,hi, conc'1~uaJ hm" by 1<:m" ,"ch a. 'alone
go' 1 6~, '!Hornentary' '''.up,,,i.,.), ',,'.w' IW., or ., 'hc "1'1""
,ite of ",ha, 10,. calb 'I'''ting 'un,,' ~i>O><>; 5",p~Iti "
'l'hu, he nlcc," tto< notion of 'he infmitc "h,'n " ''''phe. a time
"~r,' k>ng. a ,ime ",i,h",Jl b.p;inn 'ng or .:nd. U" , he d.,... hold a
n",ion of ad "!fotihmz ,Ii,'i>io " of 1hc com;mHl m of t,mc, of n ti mc iD
which hcgim,i"!l" and <nd coi "cidc.
Orig<."' regard, th< ent're world a, I~jng 'ill' 'imc'" '" "undcr' ,imc'"
flu' "I'hough ,hi, ,in... i, oIWCl"'cI) on . ,h .. 1"'''''1)(io'' of i, i, no'
'he ",mc in d,fkrc n' p"rticubr ,,,,-,,lds. 'fh". he i",,,,,hlCc, a notioo
of TCbti,ity ill thc I>CTC"J>tion of ,ime i" the ,-ario", mu .. of lif. 10
~", tlo"..., ;, ao ;m"""ting portion'
Wbat ;. link to maD", !Ouch", .....o,<r 1;" '"11 be;og. r,of 'M"DeC,
"I... ;. ~" k to nI:,,, i, t.;g '0 d,ild. Sa tru (w,,' of I,w" .. , Iifi
bone ;, ~tt'" OOnl0>"--d ,,, oIIe ".""", of die 1"""'" ae.,.. ",hi<h coon-
pruc. '''"0)" ),,. ... 1.iJ<",,-;"', ~Ioot ;. lj,,1< to G.xl i , ,,,",ch to '" ",,,I
"'m)'< 1"-'OJ>k,"'OD
~ Iook " UI1I< w Cud. llb,,,, "'",cl"Ol<. " ;" -aj,L 'Corn".
"'H.r 11 ..... ')HO ,h) ch.onbcn, .".1 , hu , ,b)" .1",,, . bo,,,
~_. tooe ,h),,,,IfIOr . bn., " """.,,,,'''' d", .. )it'g .I~"". "tlk """",.,,,
1h",,1d be .-.ga.td.d .. ,..reni,IS "'" <0 ,loo b"on t" ,h.,..
"'00 ,,..
""xrrd to ~-alI; ",od ''' 'or I';' ch.."bc"" but '0 the ",I,tiooo '0 l lion
,,00 "''''uo'''''!" ""'" ' u ~ 00m " b,,'" "h., ~, ,be fo.m", ~ "",,,,h.'"
'n"", I"" id.. 'he noti"D of ' he radical 'F,u"Cf"nrlr-ur-.. of God with
~I"'" to tune. th"..., i. a ,uS!l'-""ion of reL~'i"it), in th" p<"rt"l'tioD
of .in... i.,..lf h) ci ,,,,,' (;00 or ,,,,,,,,n'C .
Th;' is a 1"-"'" on "hieh Orige" " ~'o"gh' "' ro",,",,,,",1 ,,';,t, ,he
Sloic lheoo)" 11'10<" 'h", ,lef,n< I,mc "-, ""t.""ion, 'h", du "0' ,ntl"<)'
rluce aD)' not i , "f rdui"i,), i" the ,,,cutal hold of i,. To ,hcm 'he
"",rid;' material arid ,h.it gorl "' ..I", mn,,,,i..l a",1 imm~"'nl iD
,h". In PO'''''';'';'tg tu,," a' "~Wrl'io". 'htoy "'S""I ;t '" ~ """,,....:1 rc~l
it )' "hi"h h.~, "n vbj<ct",c ch ....",or. 0" "",oun' <flthi, ooject ,,it)" .
... j,,,.... 'al

'" ftJ.... I; .fr].... ex .
'M [ . 2(" 2Q.
~' ;".u.., 12, 10,

the)" go f"nhcr " nd a"ril>u,~ '" ti me 'he 1'''>1''''')' of heing 'a mea_
,ure and cri, .. rion of 1I,,'h r.,,,,~ .. and ,10"'",,"','"
I" CO",''',,,, On gen ",aj",aj", the no'io" of God'o " .. hud ,ran-
""" 1)""1)0" '0 the " -orid, The nOlion "f ,da'i\ily ;, ,,!,plied n", o,d~
,,;th ""1"'" 10 God, bu, ~l", "-;lh ,<,peel to ' he .:n"" of lim~ ;"
th .. ,tiffw,,,, rank:. of lif.. ;
,\, "i )'00 ,1.0"1.-1,... th., ~-. ""r p-rd ,he " l"":~ ofth< aeonV'''''''
.. <U), th< 0>" is long ~ iu, ''''I''''
'0 0>, bu, ;, ,M" "',(] coo';",
U'S ju" of " f", Y"''''' ~ ;u , ""!"'''
'0 'he lif< of nod .,od of f:Jtn;,
."d of ,h,' Ilol) SpiriL s.""",hinl! >ionjJ", CO" I>< cid .OOU' "'" bh""j
I"""''', ~ I", ,,",,'e ..""xIo;,j ;",o pia<.... ".l ..d, "" , lustoe, rot"p.,., j !o
,10.,.... on",), 0"" ",,;,,;ng hdo,.. ,10< Holr Tri," ,),. F", ,he 1'''''''''' a.""
10.. Ill< " ..". ,dat;"" '0 0",,, hfe,~, d>.y in ,he h"',,on 101< U, NO'
I"'ruoo "itl1 !ll< "t"k ,ime ob>! tow""" b<iu8 In-...'"
I n line ",;,h thi, ;'1". ,-,f ,-.:I",;,;,), in ' he I""",ep,io" of ,ime, bc ".tc.
,h a, ",h.re ;, 'lOtlting ",,-,,,denul in 'h" fan ,lI.lt to God 11" ",1101t
ae",' i, n'g-~n:kd a. dl~ e~wr"ion of 0'" of On' d~~~; and '" "')
,-i.;..-, ""~n 10_"'"
T be iura",";o"" ",1,ieb Urigcll ;ui,i~,oo con"i'"'e,, d",,,,,,,ic b,cak_

,hrougb "Old lo. ,,,dical origina,ion> ha,1 a 01t0,,!; ;mpa", 0" hi' ,,,c_
,'e""",. Thi, i. ~n ;nfolhh l, m" " "'e of , I.. iml",rtarlce of hi.
:.ecoml'li,hmem. Fo, i" fan he h .. I...... " dle a"';e'l'o""r of cri'ical
tl Q';V'" "hie], pla)""j a d<,ci,i,'~ ,,,l~ (]"' ;"8 'he cri,i",1 irnerpla"
hc'"-cc,, Cb';>li"" it)" and l"'b",u;"n . T he 'enll 6,ao-rn~" indicating
,;m" I""'" w,," ,,-;d. l), upbeld Llt"', dur;"S 'he ,\'"''' co,,,,,,,-erry
b)' bolh ,ides in ,h~ '1"'''''1.''' The ",me ",rm ou\'"~~'" in ,I", ",me
.. S"f; I, 26, 11 12.

... .-11... U, 31.
lOO rW<, XX\"II, 13,
~, Th ... ,,,",,,,.;.,,-.-.f .,,",,:ondria , ,,'" oh>, ~'l "" ~'" >lViI;<,1 0)' \lot ,\ri.>.,~"
m>< .......;"" ,<n m''''"i ,it,;,.; Oiw &qj.""",,.,..,.. ,.;:;...,,;; _la.; in,,,,, '"
~,6.".. a Iv,;,,,,,,."~, Wv ""'" ;,.0 ' '''' ... ,""" t~ .. ,'~, _ _
r-,,..., po""" ... 6, ''G 18!07. I" "'" ortJ.oo... ""'"",ol, ....... '" "'" """'''''
u... ,,"nn &,.u.-. ..... "....<! '" f"'l""DIl)'. twt it """'""""" "f'P"aR" olnxot . 'rn-
",,)m ID 'rim<'. Thu. Am""';', ""'''"'' , . ~, iv ,~ . .. .......... . ~.o.
'"'" ... fIo>o"-,{,, """ ,.t~., ... .... ~wo.-"", ~. ",,,010<, ""
.a,." """" 6"",,,-.,,,

261
<"'''<x, and in 11>< .am. "" " '" '" in O rigt'll. wa, U,k"" "I' by J ohn
Ch,)"'"""om .... ." wdl b.,. P.,.'ti.1l; ,\iJb.~,'" ,,,,d U I)",p;<><lon", of
,\ I" <.",1ri;, ... .
'\01 "1)1) lh,. lCml a,6<1"l~'" hUI also alil'r"~</F{"mfJ<o, cnjoy<'<!
a pmm;n e", po>" ion ;n Ihe 'vcahul",)" of .ub..-:<Iu<nl Chri""n wril'
e". It eau 1>< clearl.,. ICc ll that Urigcu wo> 'hc fo,erull"" of Ihe
<OI,cq>lion.... " 'cU ", Imm, wbich con>l;'UIC Ihc cor<: of 'hc ,-;cw
of rime in a '-ao, uwn!>.:r of C hri,ri"" n ll thoro, Gregory of Nl"~"'"
6"''''''''00&0., <v " "....... " ~. """""'" ~" ","",,,,, ,'_. 1.12, 1'0
:III.'P.\,'co.d;RsJ)'.!Ia,.. ore ........... "',,,. M. oi.< ~". "'..,,, [..,. P _ I
,] ~" 1",1", ~ S'Mt""n, t;"" <rlrt.io '<">"'I)(lIKo. /o,~,,; ~ .". \".0, <mv1\
O"ritIl< ... ;] """""" "jlOo-,y a.", (i,,,~,_ '-IlO;'l,,,_ ...."., E H3 ;
''0 ~_5%. lie ...... 'I'<.l ,.bo<oI the ~"",,~'.m...d Aria>" oi ll....."""" 6"''''''''''4'
rot.r. ""~"'" ~os., "'" 6<.loIl '" ........ " ro Or- ~""poUo', 1_", .".",.
- . ~9, ,'<.] 31. 111. Q-U" "'f'<'''diy, the I<no 6.,;"-"",,, in thD << .. "",d."
him ~'ho ~., n...... ;nllu<n<l "" Orig'""'. 11-.o...gnC .....",1). G'<II,.... ,,f "r.... . ,
q.- M ">It,,,,",. <I,'""Y 10>".. the "'no
&l~,,,,,,, ;, r"","",,1/y
"""~ lou,
. ku be<>"", ....... ". _0' ~..... " on ><rouo, ol hi, ,""",,,..,., ol""", ..
'~', 'O.,.."(MI"",, rile; "'" ....... i;ooi\,; "'" mi. """"'" &.r.a~ ~.;
m', ro,. ,.,.",....;, "'" t,; "",-.- J<OO .m.,.., 6>10-,,,,,.- ....." /If " 0'''"", . .. ;]
H'" "P''''' .,,' """.iot; .....,""" 1>r-i;Oo.,ww, OM ' lW,,,,,,
,.t. ,;..i. oil. ""'to
.. '"' """"" "" ..".". ~ ""'''~ .ojo- "'" . ,""'" .. "'" ..... fv-.,.,w, fH ... ~,
.. lO-,<p ... ......... ... oi.&.i", ;~. ,..", .,..""'" ivv",i, .;, fH"o"",,,, Rll<l
" .."""""'''' ',"'I <ht<\ "<GOY .\,.;,.". w ~ roi; ""'~ o.ao..;oo..o, .. Q
...,.,. "I",.. oi.< ,~ d06"," .1",,,,..,. /or "'.. _ 8ot{,.-. ,lU ' ",. ,,,<>; .",~""""
""'""''' t1r< "e,""
" ,......""'" ~w
1'Tl......, <1."", ...." . ;; & JJ-,... """""'" /.,n _ . . .;,,...0
rei; ."", h..",,, m.;".,.... ",r", "'"
n,,' "''' '~""'"
(,oOc,,'m, . c-.I' p, .... 1. ''G t~ ,351 :l6O.:<Io ;' '"'."'';;'''' ' ' ,;;. "w......'
b"","",,,,, ,0",,,,,,,,,;,,,, . Coo ... E_,-, PG i~.%! .
.. Joo. Cluj-...Mo>mC ,I."" ;'.Ipa, i,f '""' 01 . ... ",,,1-,,,,,, ,. ,~= 1"'-
!).""" p...".,,]. . ,.,,'" &o;.ro , . .. /VU b"""",",,,, ~ ~., "''' ......
~" /011,,,,,, a,," .<Mo who, "",,, .. ,,,,, "'"..".. ~.~, et ;W, ~." 1'0 .Y.l ,%re
""'" <i\.; I~~ Iyd .... .. . "'"' "'.s."
rl to &M"",~ .lo,t~ 11_ .. .If , _ , 19.>.
.., t""" ,\bl,.;", .;..;,-", '" "'u"""''' '" II<M""," ,;;, Iud"""
''G lO.l l n,
10; Or_.
... 01)"",;00"", '" ,\k>.an<lrio - . ..... ,"."
o;aO' ~
.,......Iv
,,,",,,,,,r tL lA- .,,;; .. f.m.,;.._. 3.1, 1'G 9HO.I. 1<>" > ~''"''''''''
- G~ or:>""" r.ao""",,,,,,, '''' ' 0,,",,"," _..-i"r-<", I~'. ;, '"''''''
""'"'I( c...o. El "PI"", I'G f'.9:ll. f.<),'-';,,,, ~.-, """""""'" ,bou' tbf "'",.
'''''" '" Ih<- I"""" ;n Ih< ~ocld.... 0100 """" il,'" 1<><, rile; e.~ ~ b..l .a.-_
"w""'~.,,:.m ,...w-. .,,'" .... "'..,., _._ ...,(~" 0.0;. C _
3~. PG '5.00. Kd'<"hlg 10 dl< """,' .. ~"'''. I... ""'" ""'fC ><k., '" o.;g.., ,',
"'"tt .....-d., """Liog 0( tip S,,,,,,f)ftfttl"" , ... ,,1....... '''pO''''''" c-.
t; ,
I ~; ''G 4~.'064. f~;"8 ~n ;n tt.. "'''''' of 'o.g;rung &eI1i in C-= 1.1
, "I<mog" Ihe pw>->denci.ol ",,"'.," "" ,,""", m.,;' 1"<1' '~m'.~ b"", .,.
~fttl('<)(; """"""" &llorpioo:; ~." .~ ... """''", 8., I'G H.n F.<h"",-"
~" , ....... ob>o C,.-,d " th< '<On"'- 0( , ... ..,., ;0 "" - - . . ' " '''J' ,.".",...-.ol <OU .....
..,. ~h."",,=. he "",al, '" G,,,, .. ai.ia ... ''''''''' 6"",,,,",,,,(,<)(; ",".a, ...

~62
r."gory of Na,i''',u ..... lIa,il of Cae,area.'" Theodarell" of

C)"r<h~"i~.'" H ,~chi". or Sin"i."" A,h~nas; u < of A), .. "dti. 'lO
~r,~xi",u, cu"r,.....".'lI Cp;:! of Ak"",dria,'" J oh" Gh'1W,1Qm,""
P""~'l'i u. of C"'a, '" .101,,, of I);,,,,,,,,,,,,.''' an: ""mc "f ,hQ"" wh"
ochoc<i Origcn. \YW a"d 'toeh"ical 'cnnillolosr f,,, time .
Reoo"tiHg 'he \~~ of GregQry of 1\)..", Oil time alld "emity,
R. Sor.,~i''' r~' rport' 11" ,,, to ro"";,,,,~ a 'f"IJe,'lJI acroo", Qf ,he
di\;,,~ r,,~lit)", comp.r<" of Gr~g<)ry'. !cOl""''';''g Ihom wi,h .ho... of
"" e"".,.n'"", I" ~ "" ,="," ... ,' ". I'G 16.171. ,\pin, be ".1<" ro
<he !<'"'''''''' of th< "'" ex;.'''' .. ~ ~ .. I"""'W'! b) C>ri!c'" ano.l "'" h~ ,,..,.
"',' own "rnU~, , ,.6<. ,:"~ . ,0 "''''~ rY,; ''''' _ .i; ,.;. "",Ip
""""""'''' ""ok"""", "" S,"""",QlI.ro. " """"'" c-. ..... ,,'-, I; I'G 15.661.
... G~ .,r 1>..,;'",." 0.,), ",," " ~"' . . _"';;-'0 roi.; ~~'" m.;.,.. '"
"""",.p<<T<......"'" ""; """,. 016>. "lI""" ..... . ,"".... : 0. ""'. :JaS. PG 36.1:11),
~ ...." of C....",.: T\l ;"..w &~" _""~"",,. Ix" ... .."p<\t<)""
""",,,, J."-_ 2.12; I'G 2'l_59~ ; _ . 2.11 PG 5% . AI-.>.;Ko" Oiut ",,&.w
",-0.-"" "",,; ';'" ;. ,... " ' - ......,. """""",mi..,,,
12 . i~5 .
J,., ..""
WU; I'G
... T hrod,,-rtuo J Cynh<ni.., " aN; "'" 1 .... "" ~,ij. ..........
Wd"",, l.a
"" '" 1"';"'" , 0"",, .apu''''-' .... ,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,r,_on, 'ii """",' C m' ,....
, _ :16. 16. 1'(; 81.i%ff. 11,,,, ' 1'h<OOor< , . ~ _ . u ....;.,' J .,......,,,.. ..
"'~ .. ;" o,;g<"', -4/1: 6.".. "",,,,,",,,,,,,,, "'; """""p<... ,,.~.
~""i. .', ......., Jp"

. ......
m''; ' " &,,..,.0.. ~f#*, 1',- 1\' , p. 1J'!.
... It"",h;,,, of Si".;;
ew;;' ""
"'rmu' ';,.(1"""' ... ~;"" .. ""","",1,. ",.
+,joii; """"''''<Tri.,,, '''' ".~~ ....... ~ 11.
"'4" ,, " ' - "" ........ 1 ......1....2_~ PG 9J,Il2'l,
.~ TI ... UIoo.-uog pa<~ oIriJOngi}' "1""- O~'n', ""-. ~OnIO on<! ~' .. .....:d b)'
""..,,,.,;..,,. U' Wo .<t>c~ "".".~ AtW .;~"' Ta. . ""'''''''' ' . ~,"~""""",. ~~;.
"'" .1"" h.,. i> .... ''''' _ J.Itr<>;.,;,. f:I ... dpt/l.,.;; ,;,,", . . >I. "'" 0 . - .
'''' "'""-' 11"-, 2 . ~7; f'G ~,:>f.8. Wh.., Aoh.na ...... u ... ho: ... ;, ".. only Orit!<'n',
~ of (I" ... Iatk<. of 'f I."", 10 ,... l;on. "'" 0)", ~~ ,,"nn ;. ~ of
,<,"por'; "("""~'
~, M...... '"
<;""',,, 'l->Io
Con"""", ,~ ... 0'''.;9 """ ... ""'tti .....
M ! i " fOI-~" I'G 91.9,
a"" ..,;; _to t;'.
, C)-nJ of Ne>.od<ia: <ii "'"

'" ......,"', I. 13: I'G 15.1:!09tf.
"""""-'<; ql,,,,, """""...... "".,~ ."""""
,~_
'" JOOn Ch.J"~" "",1'i oiOov, """"",,.-.:u,~. ,. ""'" ,,""""'''''; 11_

.. c-, ... 27.10: J'G 53.<l1[
6d,,,,,,,,., .. .
rn I'roo:",,,,~ of 0 ....: ,~ . . . 6fio <ii e.iy. "",..Iy. OW'P< , ,,.,,,,,,,,,
r.m ' ....... I,,.., j ;", I. li' 1'G 87.1~,
~' Jobn of Ibru.",,>, "tw..,;, lp6v~ .. . ~ll.-I > """""P<"'''...s,..,.". <oi;
~io\"",- .,u... " ',"",' I.v.' .;.''''''' ... , 3'00'''''''' ,. jilt ",Ha. I#oi "'_, I'G
9VI"!. Tbi." tI",......, ~ "><01 ".,. u.;g. ... .-v.... I, XXIX.
"' R~ ... oit..p l n
H ' 11 ...

263
Origtn', .~. a", I~" O rigm', 0",10 "'-1",,,,,,01" "mpl<.>ytd by <>n:golY.'"

Th .. "'f,n;tion of ,;m,' 1'""per a, J'"",qplr, ;Ig ...1;11io" 10 'I"'c po'-
tray"d h mean, of n", t~nn ""1'~"I".-r~IYw."",.,: the adumb .... ti""
of Ihe <lil' in< lit. th",,,gl' Ihe IC!'In ,jJ,C<"Wn.o;. ~ lId. Ul !!<,I><'~ \. the
co"cel'tio ll of timr a lld di'; ll c t;mde",..."" "re ,,;mpl)' "',,,..:Ifor-.... ,,,d
O ri!!<,n', id" ",1 " Iu-a,,,..
Hell<~. Ilcis ;, ,, '" 11", ca", of" '1"lId ~crou,, " " is rort...,. ' he
case or mc,d} "fWJ1iItg the "i~,,' of ti me and di"u'e ",alii). a, e>l~ I,.
1;.001 alld cmk'],c,1 hy G,cgor,-'. ma,'c,. Origtll .
I si'" one exa mple of 'he diilorti"". ,..hich Origm", Ih"ught
",ffom!' I" a ""I>Cl. 11. 0. .. "" aC1lL,Il.,. foUo,.., J. Call.h.~n , \iOl~
of ,he coneepunn of tim, in (;",)(or), of i\'}~,a ,...><1 I ~" il of C~'at~a.
a. d,,,,,,,,,,,,d . I",nl), bdol> . It is Ol 'iki ng!) ol.",i"u,. h",,",-cr. lh~' O U.
I"", but a I'all'''', distoned "011. at a lly ...... . ,,,direct kll ""'lodg" of
O rigtn', th""ght. I ;h;,U um CO""'lCn' on lti' d'lim oh", Urigell ',
,hooKbt "'., bIll ~ C bri"i~" '"1:T>~m uf l~at01,isl1l: ,,"oi'her 0 11 chUrll'
,uch '" 11"" Origrn ,~g"r<" 'h" Son .. 'c,"am,ely' ,'" I only II",e
ho,,' c'roneO~' is ) argue tha' ,h,' """ of 'he ' erm, .s,6tr"l~" ~nd
Juj""a"" u><od fo' ,ime P'of'''' firs( como, into the Ch';"'.n ,-OO-"b
ul ~ ,y ",'i,h ~lcth()(l iu, critique of 0.-iKC1l ... ' ,\"d he fu n her ' ''~CI:
'The point ofimpormoce;, , hat '-'<fore the Cap",tdoci",,'. 5\40,~~
" ",,-"<1 ib a IIeg,,,i,,, ",M< (ao iu Me,hodi", of Olpnp," , .. 10 is
,'''' u.oo "" ~ " ",""", i~1 alld io~b, ".I~. mark of.1I efla'" ..... 11,,,
it is d ear Iha , ,h~ i"'p,,""nce of ,im~ i, b ,oug ht OU, by the al",,
'~"''''CDt of Origc,, , cmal creatio,, " .... 'Il,e TCadcr C"" j udg<: tor
1ti,,,,,lf b",,' TIluch 'hc aut hor of ,h. M,;"le " II U"..-aTC of ()rig,~ .,
Iie",~. H" e''''',u,l) 00., "0' ' '''1''"<' ma, ,\te,hoc\iu, u, lri. ' Ulf. ;,
""J'''''y 'critiqu" of Origr'" .." " .impl) " ,illg O ''ige''', ""',, " ouoos
,.. Ore!",) of K), .. , ~ .. ". '""_" .... t.l~9 , PG '5.:1(;', t.l;()-l PG

"'.:l6Il', l.liII5 -9 1'(; '1H61 I; 2.'1"'" '" ~ "~ , IOM 8.~ 1'0 ~~.;%.. 9,2 PG
"~.8O'l,
,_ H. ,-on
..'B..!_.
" -. ;. , _ " ,..,..
/;rl. 7. pr; +U29, .. 11... , f'(, !-I.M . 0. Cr<go>t)', , .....,
I''';' !~ ' ~ i , 1'1'_ ! 10_
" It. s.o.-.t;i ;ndudu .... ,",~,Jtioo of 6",. by ~ of C... ,."", ,n,,,,,,, ,,,,,",
r...." ...,,,."",. On .ru.!;e ,*-~. iOIJo"., "'''''.,.. ,..,... of J C,IWt", ',
~'hich I ,u..u.. P>< "dr-
,.. H. Uti.. ''(]'')IO')' ,I: Kp,," ""d "'" C.pp""" .... ~ '" ,I:T"",,", SJ.h
1'o!Iri.o<w. I t1 19'b\ pp, 121 57
.. 0,. no. p. ~3~ .
... 0,. no. p. 33&.
'" 0,. "'- po 336, n, I,

~61
and l<m1inology, FL!(1 )"". he d .... n()\ l1w",' ,IL" wt"" he call! 1he
'Ca l'l"" loci"" tOIlCq>1iOl' of 1illlc' h" 'wo "'I""'''' ' rIDt. " "'aillly
'objeCln'" ,,:,. ... of ti",~. hd,l by Ila, il; ",con,II),. " , nai,~)' 'p,ycb,..
logical' on". hcld l>j G"'gO!). Ilo'h of lhcm origin.,ed ill OrigCII
a,,,1 ho,h al,!",:.r in '\U8',,' in . T he :,,"hor fun her daim. 11"" Origell
,I.... "'" aCluruJy di;,inguish hc,,,tt,, 't~"c' " " d 'e'cn,i,y', "hi; '}.. _
telll lDake> li"le of 'he difrerencc" he .liege>. I" fac'. howe,,,,.
Origen', di"ioc1ion "",,,-c,,, dil'ioo ,i",d,,,n,,,, a",) " 'orldl), ';01" i.
far ,h ."." ,h~" " i. ill Gt'<l!"'Y of "''''';'''><'"', fo< ~"''''1'1,' . For 10
the 1,.,,r a;";, i; aOOI",d ill "'''''. "hieh might l.>< ,ak" a. a
'time of God ... "-here",, ill Urlgcn thrre i. uo room for ... ch 1'''SUr
id.,,,. ''''lcdJ' 1.>...,,,, limo '" i,..,lf ha. " ITrmi" "",) cruc;,,1 raj"""
,I'<m:.
1 made ,bi. "x1cod"d """, ..rk for 1"'0 "''''01''.
Fin" I....-"use I sh:.1I
no' <ummen, (W l ,hi, P" lwr again_ Sc.;o,,<lly, ,n '1n..,t" a" e""mpk
.h"wiug the ",<", '0 "hicb O rig<"n', 'bough' ha< heen di"ol1e<1,
""d ho" h;" tooc<p'~m of 'ime;, ig"oted. III r.'CI, TlO' on l)' Orige"
is arui''''ril) "'~I",d id.'.. "hirh an- p",clsdy ~\e ",~>O.<i,, from
,b ost.' ,1,,,,
he '~"II) lock!; 1,,,, " I", ~,. I' i,~,~ of I,,'er Chri"",,, ",ri, _
e... "ho j ll, t totili<cd hi, cvn,",P'",'" are p'c,.",,~d a. an 'an,wce' to
Orig<"n~
The fac, i, Ih" O,igrn', ,enuinol<>gj' e~ert"') a I'rofi)u"d i"Hn'nee
"1">" ],;" 'uc="',... '110<") ob>,",wl)' fOlJIl.t ,Icis ,,,)"" ' ocl~lu'" higl~)"
meaningf~1 "-' ",cll ~, c'p'"",""e. nd '0 ' he) ,,,ili,,,,<1 'cnn, ",,,I
phr-. .... ' -e,h"t im. 0 " 11,;, ;.. uc. hO"C"'Cf, 'h en' i,.I'Co;. ."tN~"ti~1
dill""n, ,,-hich duocd some of th<-s.- C h,;"i"n ",-nt~".
N'o..-h<", in I,i. cnti", ,,'o,k doe< Origon ""y 'hm the ,Ii,; "e lif<
is caU",) ",;m., Th" el~~'e1 ",;m.,o.;- ,= "'emal, '" the "'''S<' of 0,,,,,-
le", i. ""l1ain~ .'ppl;"d 10 God 'hroughoul hi, " 'riting>_ fill' ,,,,,, hcn-
d"., he ",'cr ,hat ,h~ di,;nc Iili- ,hould bc "pp~.d the '~rm ai';"",
which afte, "U i, a L"Oll ie dcfmitiV'L Whtn,scr he refcro '0 1he
d";l1e life hr . W lic-< to it uo noun ~, .U , Hc j",' u"'. the partici_
pi, IY1!/-IKapf~"(''If)., obI;oosJ)" .. a figure of """",b.
It) ,,~rt ","'or",' "hieh ""tahlisl,... ~ din'Cl :.lliliOli.", "ilh l'blQll;,;,,,I,
>on\<' of hi, 'ucc.,,"' ... ""'k up ,ht ,<nn ""I'IIW"~",i,'",,, in o,dt. to
,Icfu,e the ,),,-;ne Iik a, a;",v; Gregory of N,,,iall<u, .. ~'cs ,h., .eoll
i. "'~ ,ime nor i; i, a I'""
<>flime ... h,, ' "h., '0 ". i. ,i",e ... "0:011
'" er PG :SO;,l2<'. 1'G 'H,lm.

265
is ,<) ' he timd<',.., namd)", ,ha, which i, 'lr~tch<:<l <)U' al<)ng,i<le with
bci,,!, (,b """""'''''''''''Ot>t"O'o' '0;;' 000" ,"'"
'11.i. "'as ,be ,i",.,;o" a' d, . cn,l of <I", 1'0",., 1. "",ury, ,... la..
a. t~~I"h e<",,,,) > John of I):,m~ocu, ~'ails hi",,,,lf of thi, l:>"g' '''I:"
of Orig~n, b,,, foU"..-. ' he ddinition of e n'go'," H< aUow. ,ha, ' be
ter'" aron h.~. "'."l",;~",iflCatio,,,, ,uch "" lifetime, ()T a ",,,aiu
long period of time. In referellee 10 th e 1"''1>ort of the ',COl1 to
co",e' ni<irv I> ~1JJu.v). he '''''''' that tl';. """,Ue" "ate after thl: "".
,"'reelion , . , i. not ,i'l)<, ".itber i, il a I"''' of ,i"", _ , , 1>0' ,bi> i.
"-h,,, is .1I"td,.d ,-,,11 """'g>i<I<: ,,;,h ,I" ,im<l" ro """,,"~K"'~'"
,oi<; "(li'o>,';... thu. ", h" time is h' th, teU>I~)I.] bo:i,'!!I'. ~")n is
10 the ,imd.".H'"
T h" "f>tIiti.>. of th" "rtoinology iDitia,,,d bl" O rigtn i, )""")' "rik
O\g. ,""1 i, i. h"'N<I"C '0 ,,,-,,ice 'h,' diJlermm of hi> ,-i,'"'' 10,,-,....1,
.n utl O rigcnist 'and l'in ,,,,U) f'Lnnnic) n i'L ~nr there i, a cardin.1
difli-n:ucc bt-''''-CC tl hi", "",I th<>: wb" b""gIc,] his eXI~"itio,, : Origcu
dotJ ""I AA)' 'hnt 'h" "'-'!'''''P<'~ '''''4<'''''' rv"6i&o,. (", Ilit l> indic."",
"i"'.
,he ,]jl',,,,, ~f" Co."';1\oie'" dd"ci,ion of ,,;"'~, \\'h~' he ",g~"'to os
io " l'u,..-.Iy ,,, ,d exd",i,'.-I) ""111'4/ ",ali'). ~ '1"" in_, c m1""',,1 '..,,' 1-
i,)', ~. expli""t<'Oc"' " ~'aI th'1' ~ Di, .... '" a "'fJtf-~.,,,,,sJ ,,,,,I tOLld"", "",ti')'
Ik,o,h in letter a tLd ro"""". th<y emplo' ' he I~.to"i~ ~tLd -"""pLu;lttic
COt'eq>tio tl ; "ltiJv is "'" timt, alth(R'g h i, 10"" a ';",ibri!t. ~tL amI"!!).
'0 tin",.
To OrigcD """,";, a """"a/ 'l,m', Thi. dcfUlitiou ;. radically co,,
,,,",ed "';tit d,,' io~IIO" ~"ig""d '0 i, iJ)" 11.,,,niou "u,1 <>lb," Greeks.
Wh,,,,",, ,l""y " 'IP-n:.ied " ion' as imlieating 11..- di,; ,, " ",~I m> O, ig.'n
.. G,,~ of :-;'.."".. "': ~(.;..- 1"<0 """ ~, Wt, t"''''' " "'Po<; " , <Wo.'
0.,. ...;, " U"I-~
0.--"
... ''''''. "'" 'iiio<; ~;.o..'. ,. """'. o""""",~' roi.;.,I,o".
,'(: l6.l1ll,
:l>I , ~,
... John
l.iyt-,~"
of 1)" 0" ' "" <. "';;
~i""",;;_ ,o~"'","" "''' ,' '~'''''-W"
.. ;, 11<1",.. , .... ~ ... I;00/I ' ,, . M ..... ;, toAitoo t .... X"':;,''' '
,
.li~,., ,~~ 0 .~ .... ~ ;"' , Oft; 01 .... 0 ,n). .... /, ",,& ,~, ~'~O'M"
&"... ,; .... "" """ .4l.,. Mo ~ oI.iI l..o.m. " ..""" ... ,;,).l.t\ tb ""'''''pt<.
"'..... """" .vi, ~'Liio;. ' ,0.'0 "'. '~1.; ;....; .uoO-", ~ (I'iMo" """" ."" QUI",,-
/0,;. ~;... , I); I'iM 0.01 / ~ol#i ,0..-, 2.1. I'G 9-1.8U , ,
... ~" ~ <1<", ID <I<!inint B.';" ., ,..".,.,' "orli& "..tit1" """"" " " ........1
'1_n', "fP,. s: PG l~ , lln

al'f'li"" ,hi. '0 ,I>< ,wrld, Cr.:gu,., of ""'It"'"
. nd John of U""",-"""
(although ,bey ",.do ,"c of 'hc ,emporal 'ern" of Orige1l', al1rih_
",.d "i",~ a OOIl'nrighl l~a!Oni r ""o'c, i" >~~rk co"'"," !O "bal
Ofigo'" him"'lf did.
I'hil0, too. ,,"'. 'ho lenn a,';v ,'a,ing th., il I>crlailb to C",L Ih ,
o'''""p,io" ofi," ell,irel.,. formod \llIdcr 11"0" intllleucc: he ,-,.garrl,
"i"", ,.. (hc 'exemplar olld o",hc')l'" of timc' '" ~pO""" ~"p05<lTWI
".i "P>l';flIK"'!. - At an)' r~tc. I'hilo's =>ccption of tim. j, the ,aloe
as Iha( of 1'1."0'" ume. by bei"g alt 'imi"'lion' of~" an!>e!)'!... . is
"."",,!hing "'hioll ooll->li,u"" a ll '!IJmi!J 1>C'''-1I C",I and the world .
Ill' COlllras', Ufil,'<lI rq""'!. tin"'., lhc d,n,c'" ",hich poill'Uy f~.'
tmJlJ Ill< Iw;"e fC~lit)' "itb lhc "01'ld. T ime cst.l~i sh.,. 110 amniry
bct"-,,,o lit,,,. t,,o thoTOugbly ,Iiff''''nt ,tatc'. Thi. i. ",hy. in "d"m
brali,,!: th, di,'mc fcalil),. he fOfd"' ..... to us<: 111< ",'m ,,;Wv.
C'~g<'I)' of /1;""""'1> ami John of Ih ,ru,,;c 'I> .'" ><'I'I>o><,d '" be
'he cxl'onc n" of (hc Chri,.iall ortho,loxy, It is ,hcll a n iron)' ,ho'
th.", a,,,hon pick ,, ~ Orige"', \'CI)' WOM aDd yet d"'otl ru. con
0'1" 1('" aro. a 11"'0"", ,Ic/i"j,io," of ,,;...., n"'ir defu\iti01I is a wil:-
i"g cas<' ",h_", u,"co,ucious. 10 I", ,ut< tro,,' ~,~ Akx,,,,dri~,".
'n", difrct< ,ICc i, 'hONl!gll and """ n,,' l>c cxpl!ng<d b~ their ,c ....
ha,im use of O~c,," "",,,,,"cla'u,~ . For (h;" ddini,ioll ....hocrl;
ad"el" to hi, ""Mol ""d 1'1";" .m_I',nonic.1 cooc.ption of ui"",-
"od )'''' il ,"" 0";;;'1''' ,,'00 "'.. , ,,,'arucmau,,,,1 :os ~ 11"00i,,.
11.. Soml~i'" .100 a=rts ,h., l'hil"l",nu, 'l~C'" up lh, ''''Y "".-d.
"hich 'Proclu; ""d ,'~,I~'r l'I"UtlU" fk.,il .,m C"'gor;' u",d i" lh"ir
're"o'l< III ,if ,ime a nd rn,; llC , ..1i,),. I'".du. cel1aiId)' f(,uo"-. I'~"i nu..
lIu(. ,,i.b ",feTeD"" to th~ Cal'pdo<inm. the '1'<'1)' ,,'on'" 'hnt
l'I,jI'-'!)f)!'''' "clIlaLly 'picks up' a1'C nOI th.irs. ~"l' are O";go,,'s.
,\S regard; AlIl(ll"illC, G. ~lo",,~ki n ,r,,, 10 'he crcatio t\ ~ ,to<
world alld ,in,., claimillg ,ha, i, w .. ",'i(h Aug""illc ,ha' ,hi, ,da_
'ion "-,,, ckart.,- ponrn)'<:<I. 11 0"-"""", he ".'" no( "..-a'e of ,h< f:tCl
,Il" i. w., Uri!:"n ,,-ho ;',i.1"ed (hc c"nc"'c 1""<q>1;" n of the ,da_
,ion I"""',,.n sp""c and 'iD" .... ~lOfO\~ki. imprc,;sion is tb;,. it "'''-'
'" I~"lo. /" .11. ........\ _ . %1; g-t

[No, SOl J __ <, I r,_ l~; Cf. 0', Rn..
11< ... _ /In .. ~',_ 16.\, ~"';, tJ", /10,., ,,r ,j"
~ aio/1rrN;. ~'b<",.. a ....
Plo,; of God ,,,I UIt ."""",
;, t .... ""'lro;. '1'\,;, ~ U.. "',.,. '~'oorOC oJo>fulitioo of
a!.W """" 1' Gn-go<y of l<... """uo .,1 J""" of 1bm......
... K . ,;"m.ji, Of. ""-. p. 111 .
'" G. /bv.>l;;, c- ot>I~. le . ". l'~ . 1'l601. p.~.

267
AUK'",i,,< wh<> f,..t dearl)" pronQ\tnc.-:d ,ha,

the "wlrl ,,'a, no' cr~
.wl 'U, timc', bu, "ogc1hCT "'ith' time,'" The tn"h i. , oo..,'",'cr. th.~t
,\ugu"u' e ,,'as aUuc;p,,'''.! bj' Ong<n who had explkated tba, 'u"e
c~nw i,,,,, exi,,..,,c" "'1("1]"" ""'h 'I"""'. It, 'he PM"'!:", '1"ot<d h)'
~l"r<)'-.li, '\Ug>",jno m.kco 1he dillinc,;"'n \>C,W""" 'he 'Iowkr a lld
',iUl". Origco. h""'e",'or, bad ,,,.de the mucb .ubt lor di"jrlctiou
bc'WCCll ',1,0 ,_1>," .if,lIe world' a"d titn,'. In thi, "'''Y no' ou!)"
dOd he prttede ,\"g>"bn~. hut "''''' alfor<kd a b'or~ p,one!iliou' and
acrUI"~'" anie"l.tim) b) dl"'."'i,'8 'he imdk"H';,I rli";n<U<>n bo.'I"ecn
'1,a", and ,i"'e,
I.ike the r,,,t of the ",!>Cc" of Orig<rl', thcol<>g)". ,I,;" contrib,,,iuu
.0 .he o",olog')' of t j!l1< ha, nO, onl) heen di"egan:itd. but :\I""
w;,"I), 'li>toned. I si'" "nil' one e"lUnl~' of how H"I Koch n,,,,,,,,,
'his thought:
,\o,iou, . od O,;g.::o <C I>CC><"' <"",,,,;,JI), ,I" ~""< fonu of "d,C'ljc
l'lolUlu,m. o!ltaring kill,l of L.Nc 1'I.",ui< bu,iwr~ "ith nu"',,",,"
Ari"Ndi'm ."d S,oic ,ltmo"" ...w.'d in , Th<:) ,,,",of,,,,, "lde-'-'''M'
i,,~ ,;noihrity i .. l<""U;,K>k>g)', .. ,d ,h<-,- Or<" ,.k", " 1'10 ]a,!," ,,<c'"
..i,h """ ",,,,, problo"", 10 "'hKh ,h,), 1"''''KIo:; .,,.. .. ,.. 11}' the >om"
.... u ,ioo~ I" !:><id' 111<)' bdo"g ,,, ,h' "'''l< ",, 10001.,'"
Th, f;,ct ;.. ho,,'nct. 'hm if 0"" I"".. r" how AILi",,, trea" time
pro",:r. he will I>c f"<",1 wi,h 'he u>c of the Stoic n)! 'ex",io,,'
"-;,hi,, ~" e" Ut<' ,kf",i,ioto ,,/';cb ;. p"rel) "';onic. Acco"lu'g IQ
him. tim< '" ... made a, a " <x ,, "" " of 'he mo,-.;mc,,, of ,I", "o,ld .
.. er. A"~, I" ......... - . \ ', ~ I'\. XXX\'I. l~" "f",,",, iuq""
",,.,u,,,,"monw. ><1'<'1'"' """'''' ""'P'-"": ....... ...'" ''''''u",," &u.;", ",mf'O<'
""l'""'"""" qu,'; P'J"inr m",niri..,,, '<"'PO<"" ""'P"<""" pofu. go "mpool'
,"",,,,,,. quart' ,,,,,,ut> ""I"" """'''''' utrumqut ."",m a 0..," T b", ,,....
m"l.oei<w tq;" tQ"m <"""i"l!> mO' m..:; 1.n(.;o "",,\0.1 .. in ,-.in '" oear<h
~~ Un... b<lOo< .".,,, .. , .. if h ~<'" ~ 10 " .t ""'" !.o<f;"" timt:" , '" ~;,
"""" " 'I)' """ timt: b<g>n orom """lion """ "",00. f"",,"'" )~, botIt <_,~>
from (..:I. AI." On I" (.....,; ___ M m ' I J.2, PI- XXI\', 1)1, 1", I" G.....,
n.;. XI. 6, 1'1. ili, '~l , ',pM ....... ,YI<., '1'"><1 ."' f'O<' ",," f,"""rn, ,.". ,,,,.. ,,,,
lie",.. 'I"" '<1;'1 ,,,,1.1. ,0' ,,00<i00t "".,"" , ,.r
m", rl:><. "'" "'" <1,.. tiu" "",'-"I
1", "'," ~ """" ,,,,,boo Itiod rom<' """ ''';;''''''t.
~'lIO<h b)' ""'" ..,...,..
""rn .ouId <bang< """""hin.o- '" 0<10<-,' .00 ;" p, In pro<,,1 ,M';" """ ,,'
mundu. f..-,", in ""'f"'<", "'" "W, _I""""" IT1eR ;. "" ,10.0,,,, ",-"
do< ""mol
"'" ,'''' "",,"" ;" ",,,,, "'" _ . ,, "h tin ... , AOO in t.ifts_. XI, 1'1, PI.
XXXIJ, 8'l-IH6 " I.... "". C( r, nub,,", /. ~)."- 11..... 11 , Pa ri~ 191 1,
p, "-;~'!f
'" H.l I<;och. 1"- ... I ....... ,. 11" ,"" , 1932, I" :!re.

a, all u""'II" uf c'"mi')~ ,," d ,h ;" rUllage] ;" a me,..,"", of ,h. imm OlL'lbil_
i,)" of the e'cmal world:
Inlem,lngiu,g $,ok. 11."0" ic and AristOlebao m,ioo1oy. ,\ I ~ i ,,,,,
.. )~ "'~, ti",.. , ~, " 'e c~.,..ri'mce j , il) ,h i, KOfid, ",-m .. to undcr
,ta'Kl h",, 'imeh' ",abty .. hk~. That ",id . 110,,"',",<,. 'he on' ologi_
eal <""cquioD of ,im. i, "tru-ly th e l'la'ornc on~; ,im. i, an 'iruag<o'
of , b '.m,d world' .i""""rOO "loiw",,1-'" Tb. c<oucq>1ioll of' im<
co,d,1 nol h" 'tilfcrem. , ioce Alb'" " . "')~ all ,b ;, i" ,It,
expooilion or
the 11.,,,nic doe',i .... . A, :JJ e'en .... ;, i, ~JI IM.t ,h,' c""" 'hat O.ige"
a nd AI!>i"u . 'l.>clootg to t he ",me school',
T he que"jo." nl""" ,in' , PlOJ'u ",-Ilieh Origen ha d '0 11:",,1,-. ",ay

""em s.i'''1'1~ i" ,he ~ ... , pi""". ye. 'b e) "". no< ""mall)'
a ll. Fo ' th e 'I ,,,~ 'io" of tl.,. 'c.Ii'~ of tim" "",. a hjghJ~ COI"",'C'
"'' ' 1'''' , '
,ial <Oil<', and " ill i,_ '!lte "'II"mcnt> frmn ,h~ time of ,he Eka'ic
phi10,0I>hc" un , il th. Sccplic, w<n; r:t i, ing , tro ll g d" "I>" ". h>
wb.,Ler ti llle i,,,,lf "'3.1k CID!>. "'ris'otl.', "'U<>gi,,,,, had .1", co,, _
trilM"d 10 >oeh " (omj,I""'rio".... To ' h" $,oico., rim" ..."" j">1 a
..... nw,hing I.t",,n being ,,,,d I\o"'[>"i l)& ~, 'ti,,," ,,'a, one of ,,' h ~L
th ey c"lie<l inL'O'l",,,,,,l., "hich a ,,, de,pi><:d b )' 'hem a. i'"Jet i,'" a",1
1l0' bcillg "",I w,i,,!! outy in ha", " ,u"I'!" To GDosti. 011 ,L<
o,her ha",l. ,illl. ha> uo fi,lI ,e~l it)"" ",,01 their I<ndc Dcy ;,. 10 lIepl<
aDd a"",d i,. 'lio," " not a l~alOnic 'utoage' of o1<01i,y <>r ",'tu a
I~orini"" 'u" i,~, io'" or it; l' i, ~ , '"''' a c., .. ',,,,,," of "1C"O') ~"d i1
'" A'lU."., I~ " ' _ I....... ., ~ , ~ ~,. ' I. 6-

.. ct ,...... ",,1<~ ... i.lO. 21)t>:'!< 2'8>:lO. Of g.<>' """", and )" r.;o::Il<'<1
~ilh "'I'<'" ID 'h< p",u.m oftin..-,;' <h< p.. ....... in ,\~) ..... 3_5, !(1(12.~3 hi 1.
AI , h" po->iDl ""'<ode """"".-...b l.], ,->e>. of <h< ...... _ , ,r. <h<" "" .. .,..uI.
... "". of _ .. tin>< . , 01"" F"" I ll. ~li11<', -,\ttito<le "" the .-.-.ti~ of """",
.I"';;'fo' G." I~"" On Pi,~u. L\' , '911 ., pp. , ~< .15; :>-:"""." K ,,"n~
",\riotW>: "" 'h< ;n>WI' of ,~-. I~,!I .... .
19'6. pp. 9 1 11-1
,<i._ sn" '''PI'. ' ' ' . SO
... srI', n. U;t;. 8 10; Cf. \.'\. ~, ... 0"""'8" and ~ ." s>..;c;",,' iD
Wo. ~. - . .. s-;.,. ,\n . ,,,ounl of <h< an<",'" "'lI"'""- """'" <h<
"a:;,), of tin", ' '''' 1><-<" ... ," lo) K. 500."" ;" -I. w, .. <fi'? K < ~ .... "",, to OD
'W ~ ~'. - " ' f ' <flltt _ .iot<I<o),. 1'181. pp. 189 cl ll.
,LC, Pu.d, '"{''''o,,;,.m T ....." , p, 8l.

269
is "" far ,."m",,,d fmm io> m"dd tha" in the fin, l a n,l\-.i . it i.
rq,>3rded a lie. '"
he" in 0'" d. y ,he", .re ,..,,,., " 'h;"b """''111)" .I,"y d, ,, ",aliI}'
of tin ... . I'rom;,wn, .n""'g oIn'''' is th,, [ of j..\I.K _\IcTagg"",,'"
,,-h ich ha, e. ,y"),,d m"ch "tocm;o" amons.l th"", ,..ho ",,,' 'h e
pml~e , " of timo. Although it ha, I""n "rguod 'hat 'he word. exptc>1l
ing f~",' CQUkf he "'l,l>ce,! h)" (~"CT" timOowurw no' eXl'rc",ng Ho,.,.....
,h;" ,ie" h'" bee" ""i,,~d ~)" ",hol""" such ." R. n"I<."" "h"",,,,
od,"", h a", ron-<l.d d", ,,,,}lacc~bilj'r of llo"jng-"ords in ,""ajn
rutn",d contex1>.-' On 'ho o,her hand, ,he idoa .,r 110"';"8 ,;m e
f"" I""on hea,;I)" rcp",E.t<:,1 10)" ",fta-.. , uch "" lJ.C. \Villi",,,," and
D.H ..\l eUor .... II<-";(I~,. ;,-, Phy,ics 'h"'" b a ""'c,,' "cd"" of ' h"
,;c'" , ha, ,ime ",igb, e,u"" hn' ",i,h a low", <kgrtt of reali,)"; ,h;"
,;c,,' i< dine""n j;-om ' h" S"';" one, jna"" uc h a. i, suggc>u 'h'"
' ime d"p.-nd. "n " m"", f" n<l,mcIH"f a nd no,,,eml~,ntf " ,,,lit)" ....
f" . hor!. tit, '1u,"",io" "f th e r<ali'l of'ime h:u =<;,.e,! a ,'a"
,-ari",), of "",wer<. Time;' reaf, , ime .. uurtal. lim" t. of a q,ru;.
"":obl) \~ "H"" "q uaiJ) .ppc~li "g (0 oc10001,, a. ri"~I -""'n on ,he
qllc"j"" of lu"e- "" 11", S",io:, .,>tl Epi cu ,"~"ii."" i, is of 10",<",
,kgr<'" .,r '"ah ,)": ' ime in it<df may he ",al, b", at lea" it< di,iwn<
arc in miod: 'h e ,,hok of time i. I'rc.on' a "iew of Appol",!"m.
of Sdeuci", f30 !l. C.). Or 'he l'rcoeu, ror~~)"'t. '0 the ",i";"",,n
Wrro,~ il dc I~-rioo.i 1l''''''~looi ,,, of 1\ 1","0). 135- 55 I:I.C.:: time co' ,,,,,
'" 0,. "'-, p_ 6l.

,~ ef J_.\u:, \I.'f"-"",," wn", unreal,,, of ti ..... ,11..., " .. 11 19(8). pp.
f~7 'f ...... i ...-! in "" '1'" S ...... 0( f:'.-.. 1 _, 19'11. ,<M, 2. C". l .
'" er. It.., Reioch<-nho<h. E ....~ o(.5}d " I""" X"" \ 'orl<. 1~1\l.
- Cf_ 1<" ... .-.) 0.1<, 1lt1 , \I' 0("/""" ~ ." ~ r,n>l ""'<m<"n""'. "'hi"
QIoor"'!!. 12 1%2!. pp. ~l--" .
.. (;tItS. ~ ~ond~. I ..I<"",< .J-ooIo(l-I I\>.
6. (1 %7 ,. W . ~>(I"j 10 .
... cr. n.e. \\"ilb""". "The "'\-th ,,r _",]00 ..... 0(
.:" n
",(0 ;
\J, , ~ 1\lS1 ). pp.
.. Cf IHI . ~td,..-. NuJ T_ Caml~, 19ti1.
- l>.odd 1Io.ohm. u ....... , -'.v ~ a...., I .~, 1\Il10, pp. 210 12.
.., A ""r <Iilk<,,,,, OIl the que.tioo of ti"", ~'" U.., """rea> I~ f"""
""",,,d """"'''''''' the S,oi<s ... Id ""'" '" be cootin""""..-.t ;nrinitdy di''''-.
The "",,''''8'""''' "" .orioing "' timo- ."".. "'ility ;. d ... to ,lifIi= ... "'.-=
I~"""-'''' rog>""',j "'...... ""',. "",;t.,,,. of"" ..,<ilo~<. a,,,,,,. "\10<."""",. a
""'I'''''' """""" .. n)'lliIr tru"f> ~ """"",, 1}" SI.., ,;"'" 0" "'" ,,.,.,.,.,,, MW
""'""'I)' bn-n dioc~....d.

2iO
along w in<1i,"'ible n,o,,,,,'" 0' io di"i,ible lea I"' ''' 'here io R lu nd

of time IIhkh ,Ioe. "Ol tloll or tim, O. ;(S<lf II,,"~ or 010",.,.."'"
'11.0"" ,....fc,,,n",,, ~f~ '>lily an <""mplc of 'he cO 'n'v""",y ",hich
ha. r"ll"'d from . nU'I"i ,)" unoi1 Qur day. It i, .If~i"" ,hi, b"dg""",d ""
,h .. O ng<n', !rc.' mfn' of ,iru< . h""I<1 1>< oon';d.o",d. F"T i, i, OI~)'
,I" ... 11"" bi, <led';,,, contribution '0 a certain (namdy. Chrn,ian)
";"'" 01" tiro<' eau Ix ,""Uy 'J!I"","i""~i. 1\I'hough h~ held " , uh",,-
' I,,, n, l"ycholog" ';,J '''c'' "f ,ime, hi, m"in and fund.mc,,"'1 ""n
C<p,iOD of it was t h", ,imf is ~ " ot;cc'i,'~ <bU~D' ill ol,c m~k<."p
of the ",-"rid. He all"".. f<)f 'h" ,\ri"n,dim, ,-I.'" tha, humaD <!i,.
Course CaD he hu, /,.",1;'" bill '0 him 'he .... i, nmhilt g of ,Iof
A,;"o'~ha" ,Ioub,-, ahou, 01," full '"<aliI)" nf 'un. "u,1 p",,;cuhdy nf
th e '"",,'.
III modo", ohough, ,he.-. i, aL", com""-~f>y a. '0 \\'h",h~, "oit-IT-
",I> (_ueit 'nlth. j ,, "icc. C1C.) .bo" I,1 I>< reg,,,,dcd ., ,i ,ude" Or
110' , 1'01' fx,,,,,ple. S, ~ l cCaU d~"iC'< ,Ioe iJe~ ,h~, InM ;, ,i me l~".'"
... Suo:), ~ .. ' '''' , ..... or [)io(1,ro,,, C""'"' .. """"",<-xJo.u.
c........ ind..to:,'!t boogr->ph. al '''''''matio, ..,... t ~ U ..->J SI1e; I""",-.Iarly
" .. f.. , .~ C""'"' >r>d ",:""~fi< 1'1>...... >0',", , ... ....." 11 /tit c...'.,q.
1'h~,'1~ t:!;n.;;:~. :: I~'~~ by K. So..~ in r__ 0...;", ai
t.\t r.. Cn,. ~ ... , 25. 11""",. h i, >till a moo< ",",,';"" ~"""I><, ,,_
'h . ~ ,",,,,,,id t.. rcpokd ...... ,-<""" 0: ,lotlo:",,,, from 'H ... -at'" ' ~ ' "" ,,0. ,1><",
;, """" Jrb.. """'rning frum dilV".....""'l...ubo.-" or ""'"'," ,,,to . ...,.-ciallr
,h.,.. of 'he s,;,p,i.c St:.,",
Emphi<u, ,no;! ,he x,~pt._"" ~;mpli" u , .n~
)) ... """'" "'" t....J or th< Xoopt .. "". ,.--hoo) ., ","'., .. ,he tiffit' of;', do.
<Ut< by Ju<tirrioo ....... 0 . ~211 .
.. '1'.... ;. . d.tiocbon l""l.....,.j by t"",bbd .. ,. ~-ho dOnI "",,"od A. t). 3~~, cr
, _ (lo.-~;' P/.oooo" ~ c-.~_ I;'....... 1~"",,, 1~11: r"
S. 1'0>.<, Ill. r-.p."

61 8. th, '''''' are 01", "'P"".d"",' SOmpli<"'" 1.... "'.red
in S, ;;'''buN:)' and
'I ...... I~ ...'1' ....,... pp. 9i 99. ,,,,,..wog ,,, Ilri> ",.
';mom, JombIi(h", di-o<>ngul>hed. I!,"m'~< ',.,-",,,,,,,,,,,,, lime >r>d '1!"D<<at<d
,....,rOJ and tIto-i"ll "'... one. Tt... "'"""'" ~ "8O'Oed '" """""8
1hinS>. it;, 001)' <he
~'''''''''' la,,,,
~lrio"h ;, <fi>i_ ;"'0 , .... ,
Ix""""
km-
]>ft"'.' .".,
-
p.><>t
tu,u",. I" '''" '''. ImIb1;<hu' dr.,.". tti ... "bon be"",...,
> ,,"I(h<, _,.Dd> 10>--."
- 1"'" '''''' t,..,""""u od- pt"';'" of <<>u .... '0 ..... "'''''''''. ",>t ro CIrijo>o .,.
oWl) of "'" ,iew> trl<",., he,... ~ " " . , I "',,'" .., N>ovo
Oft , ... ",..". 10
~ ..... th< quo,bon' . 1"," , ,ill .. on ~""h Oo-Vn d.1 p".-Kl- "'''''''' h...- 1>"
~ ,,,,,""'~ni .J >in AruiqID') '"H~ ....' .t..)..
,~ ..--wu", of Ari.oot\<', rotn.u';""" ," 10 1<0"'<1 dj,
A .1OOt", ,,"" ,.",,,,;,-,, AA
""''''' ;,J"""" Itin,i lli\ "1'- - ' w.....~. <:hJOOl, 191!; a.. . ond ~_
'" Cl,,,,", .\kC.J], "Trrn looW ~H"_ A...n.-.. /t;w,,,,;,.t ~I;_ 3 t 966\
"', tQ3-:!21

211
O u the "Ol"''''')'. ",he" ,,,,,h '" W.\'.O. Quiue'" a/ld N. Goodm""u

""1(.'1'(1 ,,,,d, .. ,i..,..I",,'" 0" ,hcs<' q \" ,.tiu", Ongo'" has p"'A~kd
hi, ~,,.,, at"""" " I''''g 'ime :.go. r~!!,"'li"g " ron>' '" UtlC uf 'he
'o.,,""'pt;'"'" of 'h~ s.",
~"d dc'<rmitli"~ i" 'mlOl,,~.::J "',"" ac'Wrd,
in!&>' ;" hi, r"sohnio", ,hum 'he "hird' "m! founh' conoopti"" ,, ""
we h","" "",, . Hi, tlO!ion of the cuu"""t;un' uf lI,e Son deoui)'
,k",o""r."~ b" "1';0;0" 0" 'l"""iOt'" ,,'I ,icb ,.,'"" '0d ,,), :' .... tugblr
c,"III'IJ,..,NiaI. Or ig.'n "ould l",,-c no hc.ilatiol1 ;n d~",L.r i n~ tha, ""'"
"""llitwlm. For /rorlo is hu, conccpt. ", of the So il and;, is ,n""'g
,he", cOl1(ep,io,," "'h;ch 'I"',,~me' '''g'''hcr "'ilh ' ;me, '" Thu. "ne
can ott ,h.~, ;" "c, ,, Il;" h arc ",,,,km and ~ll tile ;ud;"",;,,,,, ru-c
'ha' th"l' "ill keep 0" \";"g coo,,,,'-el"i.1 'IUC'Uot-u l h",, I~"D ,,,,aloo
b) On!!, '" in " .. rn,
of hi, th,-ulog) _
.'\. li" toi, '''~;()n of rda';,;'y ill ,h.- I><rcq>tloll of ';m<. ,toi, i< a
I)()~ " ", hcre thc 'M"hologicar "",I tht 'ob-"",i,'c' ,-i,c,,-, are d"",ly
corrd;ucd. J I""" rea",,,, to hdi,,-o 11,., fi,nbOCT "udy of th;" I);'"

,ieu!:" t"pic could sho'",ba, loi, COlt"'-1't;O" oft;",,,;. DOt only 010<1
"rn, h~, al,o it ha, amicipa,.d 'he r"'ure <k",-Iopmcn' of lhe
prQW"ma';que of ,;me 10 '''' ~'1'"11 ",'h;"h , hQuld 1.>0, ''''''tcd ill a
""dr of ;t> 0"" .
. , er. w.\'.o. Q.ill ... n... .- 0tIjrt. Caru l,.;,y \t... .. 1961).
'" er. 1><1000 G",,!rnM,n, n , Srn._ oj.tn '. e""'bridt!< ~t." .. 195J.
.. , """'tJooIo, 2, :O\L,\ ,

UL\J'n:1I. St:"!'..,,
1'1I.0 LO:->(; ,\T[01\ or T [\ 1P.
A. 10., doe, ,,; [10 ~1I 'he cardinal ""lion. in his , hough,. Q,;!:"" bu"
1'''"",. ' he cu"c."Pt of I'ro[u" gati u" <.>f ';me ",;,h Ih" aUlhori'y of
Scri[~ " r<: . [[e a[",.)"' =n"; ", J~b[ica[ ,[,co[ogi.". wh" ;" h"ppier
",;,h (I'~A "(~.' In))l ' Scriptu ..: ,hall ill ",;,,~ phiJo"l,bical ,cnninol<>g)-"
There a,,, ''''0 panicuiar 1.......l1'" iu which he de,,"', lb." ' he ori
gin"" ""U .. 'h,' ""s".-,, '0 ,bis ' I"""io" """Id J,... found. Tb. f,,.,
i, Il<b . 9, 26 : 'Fnr th e n 10., mu.1 ,Aten h...-e ""ffcrcd ,ince (h" fvu ",
d",io," of dO<" workl [ll" ODCC a nd for all a t tbr cu<1 of ~"''''' IH"
h'" appea ... ,1 '0 I~a away .in by ' he oacrifl(~ of him,,[!"." The "",.
ond " El'h. 2. 1: ~rbiu ;', ,h.
aro", ,,, (Ouoe he Ulig[" "how 1Le
",("",i;ng rich'" of Ius grace ;" I". 1:;',<\,,.,.. '0".'''[ US lhfOL<gb C hri"
J.",,'"' The '1u."io" which ""cm, '0 arise "ut of the jU''''I""itiu''
of tl,c", )la""!\,,, ;" how i. i, 1"",';1>1<. OD t he o"e ha nd to >l)C~k of
'cnd <1f >cO",' ""d. on 1h. ot her, of '."00> to COrDc. In tko.. du,
'1"''';OU ;. 1'.",<:<1 , bus:
IJ L., nc<u,,..d .IId I "",,,le, "1.<,, I oonq"''''

to "". ,"""" ti , n,~,
",,) "I'" .. oIic "'1'''-''''0<". how the,.., i , 'n '",Id of ""'". in whic~
'onco' '", 01<, to P'" "",-ay .. ,, ' J""" 'h "Pf'O"",d', if ,ho" .,..,
(O",j og """".'
T hi. j"x'"~J~"';'''''' is (he 'I'ri'<gho.>,,[ for ,<"Ikerio" 0" prokmg."io"

of tim~ ...\n m"''''er to tlte q"",'ion ;. 10110(1 " [ink /i,nlt~r in the
,.on, "or. :
Aod in .... tk:ctiog LObout ohin", of ,bi. w~ll thi,," ,~~t. i' b"PI"'u, U,
,b, '""'" ,.,ay .' 11 .. ,,~I of Ihe r~ar k <11<' lA~ ",...mh. afta "'bic~
,I",,~ co",,.. Th<p"ni"g of , ,,,,d,,,, ",o'''k >i",ilArily tlti, p"""nt
.."" i, thr ,,,d of ""'''y ...,." "'h;<h CO",pri ..... )...,." .. i, "'.......
on", which '0" '" fut".... >00'" ~ ill Hot,.. thr "<'0" to ""''''' I"';n ~ tJ.c;,
bcginning: ~n< 1 ;t .. il, ""= orou. that (";od "iU .h",, 'th< ""be. of
W. gr.c< jo lli, <;',d"" ..,'
<1<0<, XXI"II. 15.

,~
, 1nl,

P"OI.o" o .\l'ro.~ Of l'-'t~ 2;3
l!.eru!e., rhe CO'l\'ic, ion 11~t1 " lifetime;' no, .uificie m a IICriod r"c
hU'lL;,u being '" n::ath perfecti"". i. o.u . ddi,ion,,j f~t,or K" cmpl".,-.
jog j>roiotlS",tiotl of lun~. III Mm.Y' ;1 ;, . ",,<"<1 Iha, '"''i'''''
",ho
I"""'" a,,") i, 'gvi"~ ou<' holdin~ b.... h 'ha)' atld ""d' a"d 'g<>ld
ami . i"e, and a I'reciou, ,'one' ;u hi. haud;, ,hat ;'; h. 'go<. out'
of ' hi> life M,;ng ""u",titled hoth .in, alld goo<l tke,b . Tllc 'I uc"
,;on ' 0 I... ,,,k,,,1 ;" ",I~" i, g<>iug to h.ppip">ft, can 1><. fo"nd tl,al r.od i.
"a,illg fIn" ".-ha' i, dim"'''' and Ih<n ",I"" i, h<".cr'.'
T he llo,i"n of p,oloug,ui')ll of ,ime i> ~",plo)'.,d ou' of the ",=1
tor du, 'rh.~ to com. 10 I"". So ir i> po" ihl" '0 comider tha, 'here
will be mor" ,im" tor rarional treatun:' '0 "ri,.,
fim ber for ,h.ir
n""'" '0 God .'
III ,"nl'luri"g ,h i, exegc,i" Orig<tl kd. ,rut,
ho I"" ~"ahliillCd a
wal' '0 CXp"'ill ' he "",il~'mtlp""rgn'" ,ha' 'hey do no' ;cc", co,,
,mdit'OlY. ' Ibi. ~xegc.i' n:nd.", ,""'" ',,"0 I"'~'ge> c'nn~.ltibl", 'hm
i,. '~l"<".i,,g ",,,,.;,,,,"<1) 0"" """'l"" conception of ,Une. H ,"c~. h.
,oflleti" ,,., 41"'''1.; ,n Oll" of 110,.", .<ld "''''c1i,''e, 10 ,b . o<1,er.'
'n,;, i, ' he >eriP"I"") ba.si, of 'hc idea of pro~,ng:>'iOIl ,If ti me '"
be in,,,~tu.nl. Tb, """kl h,,,1 " be~i n n illg ... hicb cni",:i(ks ,,;,h the
OCt u n:n<~ of 'he I'.li. whi<h marked ,be beginn ing of ,illle. 'Il,e
<Om""" ,,, of <1'~ worhl iD lu"e thew'afkr ,:.ke, piaet' i " I",';od .
,,'h;ch.rc called h)' ,he ocrip,ur.J name 'a"tl"'_ ' I'hi, cn.bl,,, Or ig<n
'" I'n""n..- bo,h Ihe dOClrinc of the Cln,o'h lha' , .... ,,-,,<Id hod"
b.-gilllling.' 3",1 hi, 1<n<1 ,I"" 'he whol. of ,ime comp,;"" I"ri()d,
or '.ron". h i, "nee again in 'hc S<ril~Un: h,.ja h 65. 22) tha, hc
"'ok< lor ~"tl,,,ri,) iJ, "rde .. ,,, In'''''''' "I' b" ,;." ,h", a lim,re
,,-odd " 'ill come'" p""
F,,,. l-aiall ",ch.., tl1.1 ,h,' ~' ~I be ."",h" ;,,,,Id .n" 11 .... ",'h,n
h< "')~'Ti",,,, ,1Wf b< a n"" earth. ;"hich I ,..jfl eao,", '" ood"", ;n
nIl' oigln, .. Xl ,]re I",,,]'
400r.P>. 16, 6.
, *"I1't. 16, ~ .
Cl. .--]<m. I, \ 'I; ftJMo , X, ....)n. I,~_
, IIW, 111.'-1.
l '>w. trt ~.3 . We ,.C;<IJ u,." till> ""'_ !Or- the u""" I'''' ",od ,jM,,,.,ty
it,
b.g;n ,~ ohculd b. "'8""k.l .. ha,,,",, ,,*,..,j ,n',,,,,,",bum by RuIin ... lto..n...-,
,b.". ;, DO "'...,., '" , . _ u.. "'ripmr..J I"~ on ",-hKh u.. norivn J: I"""
kv",,,io,, J: tin", ;, ~. C<>;.>c.1Iy, the O(nl,",. r .",00.;,>..
lOON! ,n ""'"

271
Accor<lingly, he ~I,"'''I. to ["de';,,,,,,,' for ' he ""';"U <>f p""-j",,,

"orld, h,,,""g "I,".d) e";''''d:
\n<1 ,ha, the,..- "'eT< o<1I<r ~or l d, 1><[',,< ~u, "' ... t:':c..,i,,,,..,, ,oo..,~
,,10<11 be "')~ : 'Wh., i. it oru., b.th be..,,' .. 0 ,h., ~' lucL ,b:ill 1>.',
,\,"i "11., .. ;, 'h." 1",,10 t.oe.n "",. ,od? n"" wo")' <!,;"g "'10,,,10 ;, '0
be ","", .. d: ."d 'h~ i, [k)tf,;"g .' 011 "e~' "",I ,f". ""' , If o,,~
,),,,,",1 'P"'" ""d ~') 'Se<. ,I';' is "e""; " h~,h bc<" " I",.uIj- in 'he
"1\<' "hid, ,,"", Lefore u",~
Th ~ condu";o" dra .." OL" of ,h.", hihlical I>onio ... is ,loa' "ckarl)'
'he cud ,,[, I';, "-orld ;,, 'he btgiu!I;ng of'he "'-01"1,1 to co", . ~" A, ,b.
fo,,-")(,,;,, scril'",,",,1 I'''''''!I"' ar~ '''~~" ' " pro,'klc "" " ,,, I,,,ri,,o(;,,,
gnJt""1 f". the nulion "f a prol<>ng<d ,,,acelime. 'he c""duwtl i,
c<>""h,xl ~<CO,,!illgl)' :
Hy 'he>< ",tinoonic. ,...,10 p.-oposjoio" i, p,,,,,,d ., th, ~"ne ';0",.

llau,dy. ,b., ,here ""'" 'g<> iu ,I,,, 1"'" "",I ,h., 11",,,, ",ill be "",.
"" hc.tior, W" 1n000' ",,' '" PP'''''. 110'0"''''', ~ ... , ",,'cr..! ".-",1,;' i><<0;'" in ,he ,,,,ne "oric ;1 i, .bo ",,,.d,
Th" "orkl. h""'O'o-.:r. "'rue1, i, ;,,,,If c..u.-d .n 'ogc',";, oa.i<l ' 0 I,.. ,be
<",1 of """') ag<' ... Ou, .ft", ~'" 1"""10< ag<. " loch i, ... ~I 10 b,.'<
b<,,, O1.d" fu, the ron,umm.tio<, 0( od,,, 'g<~ 11",,, "iU )'" b< fur-
,h,.,. ' "go.~ '" "",,,,': for "..,le.,,, ,I.. , l'L,;nly fro.n 1',," I,un", if "'1",,
he ",'" ,h .. in ,11< >geo l<l 00rt'I< f". migh, .how ,n.: ",rffi!u'g ridtr.
of 11" Sf","" in kuod""" ,,,,,-.. ~I ni." fie did [k)t ....) )0 the ogc ' 0
",,,,,,,,', nor 'in ,,,0 .g"" but ' ;" 11", ..."" ,,, ",,,,,,,' , 1 Lhink. IDorew",.
,h . , ,Ioe hl(bc;.,io", of 11", 'L",,""'n' J.OOO'" (0 """'y ag<""
11,u. "he prose"' ."",,' i, ju" "ne i" 'he ""ri<, ,,[ "''0'"' I"~ ami
fu'u .... , ,Iu" ;" why Origell rde,", '0 'th;., world ami a"' ... hy ,,10 ;'"
~nunp", G= I.. \\"1.... ",,.,..;,,_ 'h< "",<pQI.""" of K_,;,

;, .. .., "."od ;n
,/" id" t/", "'" ".,.,..,.", iD 0.,,,,... doe> nO< rt!<,o \0 !he '~'l-' ~"<ting of "'"
""...u "".n.... I ..1<1,,,,,, " .1",,,, in ,... cou",,; I.., ,I>< ,.,.;.,., 01" proIonpoiou
of '~n, 6 ~.~ "m ",",', 0)';' ,...... ~ , . ."" .. ,,,1 in MOr, ~ ,."."
, fhl, I. 0, IQ,
. /tW, ut ~,3,
ibo<, ILD,; ~.Joo . 1'oW. 11.3.1; 111.5,3; MOr, '('(\' 11. 15.
" I .... , ILH
" II"~, 13. 9,
El''''~' "
, ibo<, IL3,!>,
~ _'1#11, II,!>; ,w;.,. "....

,kllotillg ,h", 'ho pr'''''''" "om' is OIlC ill a "" ..... of 01'10)" o"~ . '111i.
;,.wo " iI)" Ile 'p<a'" of "he futu re .eoll."., ,,dl '" of 'tile fonh
co,", inl! "eo",."
Si"ce (11",,' co,,";,kr>lK>m .". [",,,,d :.Iso ill " -o, k, ill C r.'ck, ,,"
can """el" ,hat "" rd", ... nl l",inlS in /.,;", a,-., ""(I",,, ;c. It oIlould
.100 be "oti ced !hot U rigc " " ",,,,,is ,, t wid, hi< ,icw of ,ime '"
',tretched out ,101I1('ide "'it h' the '>t mctu re' of thi, ""rld . I'or 'here
;" "I"''')~ " 'Olique co"",,"'ndeoce be,,,ttO 'he world nnd ' ime: io
""cl) ">ome",' of ';"le ' he .... is olll) ~ si"gh' "odd. " T he muit;,,,<k
of "-,,,id. i. u"dcrst()()(! only in tc rm, "f .,,,,,,,"';Q",
"Q' a. ,;m' ~"'
II<OU' coex;"",,",,,, which i, explicilly exduded.
It ;" in the light of thi' ""al)'.... ,ha. ' he ,jj",nct;on be""<:eo 'a!!"s'
a",] 'l"'riod, of ,ime' ,bo"I,] be 'Old"""",I : "11". Fa,hcr "nd the Sou
a",1 m,' Hol) Spi";, OH" , ",. t,,krs'()()(! .. If'"~osc''"(Lng all time and
.11 ag'" atl d all 't~ rn it)'. _ The ""t of ,hing', h",.-.-," " "hid, arc
extcrn:.l <0 ' he Trilli,y. m,,>! be ",e"-,,, red hl' agc. alld period. of
,i,oc.""
' 1'1,,' ,,'11" 'ag<" i, u,...-d '0 '~I"" .. tl'" d,u'.lioll of a co."'", 1"";0<1.
" Ile"'-'''' , he '<roll 'pe""'-ls of ,u". is u,",,1 i,xkfU',td)' ill o"Je, <0
cxp"''' ~ pe,iod either long.:' 0' ,honer tll"" atl ""'0"',
'1'h", tl", moti on of"'e world ;n ti mc;" rcal"l !h",ugb ,tretch ...
of time c"lk-cl ."'-"0 .... or '''gc''. Tb< "'hole of ti mc. thtt!l1'. COIl
'''IS of cotl<lJ,i,,' ..:0,,'; time as " whole COI'lIVri"., Itla,,) aeons
and i< Ion"", thall the I''''S<''' age.
If, b"",,-cr. t1>= i> "'DO",hio~ ~r~.t<r , lIa" <11~ ag<,,----'" <11~, "",,,ng
",,,,,,d I.",,,!:> "" d "nk of _ . bn, ~"IOI ... d"",' ,,00 ,",c""d "",I
00'1'' ''' ,-i,'t.!< ''''''led b<;0J!<. """,d ung .<ilI !I"""''''' "hich "ill I""'"
h,,,, ex;", 't tl'" '""",,,,,i,,,, <I1,"W""
of . 1] ",hell ,he un;"",. ,~",b<.
i.. I"'rlt ,,,d. ~ ... n 1'0,,;10]), ,h." 11<"",1 in " I,;cb th., ,""muoun.tit.-,
of .u 'hiog> ",ill h.appen. i. !U I., 0,,,10""'>0<1 a, "-"D<1lwog nw" , ,han
." "/1<'. \\"'Ib re~",, 1 to ,hi, I . m ,,,H'~ ' 1 ocffi 1,) ' ,h. . . "I.oo,~ of l,hI\
" ~, 10 ~J\'.
~ IOW.
" I""', 11.3.6.
,. 1tiM,1\'_,. 1.
" 11"",,, ",,",,'iaII) "' ,h" "'" ..,,;,,,, '", ,~,"l', ~< IM><i ""'. ~ Q,ig.''' ',
...,.;.", of rm.;,; ty in the p""",,,,,,,,
of DIn< r""" u .. potin of ,"""' of,''''''''' ,.ok..
of Iif<. It ohouI<l loo . """"\ "", thU r<u.t"itj m,"" to """ ~ of"",,", !hi,
,,~ ... )..-.,." W "'1''''''''''' '"<
d,;,,,' ".I<mog to d.. oI ,, ~ or ...
.\et>, 3. 21.

2i6
s.:nl~U"', ",h;"!o "';~' f,., "" "I!e "td "dl ,_~', "'''W ...1.. " it ";~
'"iU "00"" . ",,,Ioo,b,,oJJ;' it ,,~h,," "''''<thi,,<: ' "~''' ,h"" . " as< to be
0,.1<",000"
'llou, 'he CD,;re ""oception of , ,,,,,,,, ...i,,, cmmic I>cri",b ",rings rrom
Ib e q ,,,,,Iion, ,"";,,,,1 toy j,~'t~l'o'him' of scrip,u,",,1 I"""""" It .. ,.1",
deem"d th"l It,.. ~n>"e, tQ th,' pcni,wnl '111<,1;0'" 're aho ("""d i<t
th e Scrip'ure, namely, in th" Epi"I", to ,h. Eph<>ian. ~ Ild Hd"""..,
... woU "" in h.,iah " ,,,I P..,de;iru,<,. I" olhcr ",ol'd,. Ihe a,,,,nion
i> th" 1>olh thc orig'n "11d Ihc ,.,Iuli"" of ,bcle '1'l<'tio,", arc to b<-
fO\U1(1 entirely in Ihe SeriP"tt~,
Tb" no';,", of "",."i,'c ",'O'Id, and the cme,w'"ee of a ...",.1,1
aficr 'Il< con"u11T'L";O" ,. ' he )",,,iQL!O """. ".,. 1"" 011" of Ill<
ma;ll St(~c doc,ri11c" Tnlian. fo, cxa1l'pic. >tat<. th"l ,,c , ho\lld
~k.w~ a,i,I,," lhe alleg;uioo, of ''Zmo. ,dto cb"", Ihat 'he "","
people in the ,ame , iwa,io,," ",;11 ""cur again. name ly ,ILl! Any""
and Mektu, ,,'iU ace""" '!f~0\, \'ou,,;,;, ,,'ill I.., ag~i" a fo,";~" , kilkr
and He,en]., ... ill "8"in commi, d", '~'cd,," '>'
,\JJ tb",< who acnt=1 OriS01l fi>r hi<; "net of ."cc<"'';,'o ,,orld.
ha,.., essa)"e<J to "" ., da,e hi< \';""" ",;,h the Stoic ,Ioctrine, ht /tW.
a, edi" .. ] ~ 1\0<1"h"" ~, w) 1,..,\;1,,,."<1 in t:'><;I;,1t ~ (;,W . 1I"""lwunh,
" 'e f,,,,1 ,),~ foUo"'ng 'OO,~: " 1" T ht.... pbilu' of ,\Jc.a"dria, I'''Kb;~
le"er, ".n,hted h)' Jerome in hi, Ep. %. ".~ .100 fLnd th" f"U",,"
i D~' ''''or d"". ~lIy "~lIl die OUT . nd O1"(,T "gaOl. '" Ong< n dared
to write. 0, l<i. ,!eoi ... to e,,"h~,b 'he nt<'>1 o11pio". ,I"nr'ne of 1h<
S'oics 1.0)" , b,. ~ u 'hOThy or the (Ii"i"~ scrip""'' ''"'; ~"d <he note ~ues
on ,b,,", "!t"fn'", ho, c.,d'" lly awidcd gi" ing the ,-;,; .... , 'h", OrigclI
r.,~JI)" .'I"""",d"', " Thi, ol1\'iou~)' imp"'" ,l"'t ,h".., vi""" migh '
prmid.< grou nd for th. ao:"""ioll' of Th.opb;h" of ,\)""" ",Iria,
O,;g= hi",,,,lf, ho""Cv,,r. neit her igMre. Mr ";,, to co1lccal 1be
fad ,"a! d,i, n",io" of >u<"<"e"i,',. ,,'orld, """"" to haw ""O\e ;'1'1"'"
en' ,;imi!..ri') '0 ,h~, of tll(' Cn;d,. ,'" li e ''''plic",c, hi, o,,'n op inio"
on ,h. ,)oc,rin. of ' ..' '' rr< lle. of id,: n,ical """Id .. "'gardillg ,h" S",ic
helief,.. ] udicru,," "
D Jtio<, ILl.5 .
H srI'. ~ 32. 19,
~ f1'. po 83. " . l.
~ ut., 1\', Gl.
ut., V, w .

217
I <10 nO< kn"" "'hr o,1ou" ;" W";hug "I!>in>1 .... ,h.,ught it """"'<-
. bIc I<> 0),...,,.. ",ot ok.,ri,,< ,,hKh ".., I, """,h pN<i, (Of a t I< ...t
~'I!i<""i,,, orgu""'''t, I<> ,I,,,,," .. <","iOlCU'~'" 1""~bIc d ,., ',1.,. 1",";"'1
of mortal life i. ,;miLv from bq;iOUUOlS to ,,,d, ",od i, ;, iJ''''''" f'''bk
lh." """,ru;"8 to ohe >t1 ")-de< ,be .."". 'hing< al",,, h:.,,' h:. 1~"'n"d.
"'" ,,"" l"'pponi"8, and ,,ilI h>pp'm . Ir ,hi. i, '''''', rTe. ,,-ill i, (1<,--
"'.'0<1. .."" if 'i' ;, i,,""""I...t.i< oh" in ' he j"riOO of mort'"
iug to oh< (l<lcno;",,1 <)"k< sh< "'lOO 1l,iJ,!I" al".)~ )",'0 h. I~ "' n <d,
life .. cord
. re DOW h"11",ning ""d ~ ill )"I'pm', i, ;, ob'-;""~)' in ...i'al>i<: ,)",

Socr.,,> "iU a l ~.. ). 1>. , phil".,,,,I~T ...1 b" ><eu ....1 of i",,,,,Io>c;,,~
now dei,ie "d Or comup,ing ,h. ," ulh: A,,)"u, .nd .\101., .. "ill
"'''''.p be O<CU'""~ hUn, .",1 0", """''''bI)' of the Ar<"1'W"> ,,-ill '-"'<
lor Jtj, ,oodcnu"uioo '0 d<> d, ~. t.cnJuck." Tl>u, 010 is ;, iM\i,~bk
lh." ","oo"UI'l! 10 'h,' 1"..,d<lermu",d <")~~~ 1' 10";, will ~ I,,-.)~ IK' a
I) C,,,,, ,\Ioxlu"kr of l1 "'r~, ,,-i ll ",,,,,ni, the """. bruciliti"', .,od 100,,
oo"<lc",,,.";' will al,,-.y> gn><t" ;"';,1< it_ Ir Ihi,
io .dIn;",d, I 00 ''',' "'" 1_ fr "iU c.o be 1''''''''''-0<1, ..,d loo,,'
'0)' pr';", (Of t.i.lT.. C.., be ,u>t.ible. '1'1,. "'J'I)' 'u tllli ."",mpOO<l
of (:;'1"" ,,-i ll b" d,., if ',he 1",,,,,,1 or """'"tal life i, ",nil", from """
~nn ; "g '0 end', ~,,, I if 'i, i , io""",p"h" 1h., ""c""~n~ 10 1he d<1<T-
m;".d O}-d.. ,he ... n. d 'ing> aI",-.,~ h",-~ h'W.nt<! . ..... ,,,,,,. lup-
I"""utg a 'od ..-ill happ<"'. ~"o ;' ;" ;n<SCllJ'.obIc 1.h.. ,\ 1""", "iU ;d ..-.)~
com. "'" or Eg)", ~' ill, l b. 1"''-'1"'' or th" J""": J"'" ~' ~I "!r"'" "",,,.
'0 ,"';1 rhi> life ."'[ ,,'ilI do 11 .. ""'''' 11''''g< ,1001 I", 10.. do" .. , ,"" i""
0<"'" bu,." ;"foni,e ""0100 of ,i",,, ..-wrdi"g '0 11", <)'<1" . fo"Io'T_
mor<, ,he sao"" 1>>pIc "'ill be Ch,;,ti. o, in ,he ,k'<Ttll"xd <)00,
. od ag.';n v(, ... ,,-ill "';'0 b;, booI<. ..!tich he 1,,,, iode 1 ,,''-;''<''
bd"", a" iufuoh . ,,,,,,, b.r of ,ime>.
Gel"" a/I,rm; ,I"" i1;, ocl)' ',1", J."-'l'.o<I oImorud life' "'hkh "",,00,,1
i"g '0 ,h" ,.., <J,..... ha, of ne",,";,), .""~)' bc<". a .od i, """-, anti
",-ill be i<kotical. liu, ",,,,,t uf 'he S,""" ' . y th., tbis is '''''' rlOl 0,,1.,-
of tI", I",riod of lo\orui lif., I"" aOO of ,mtnona] life ""d of ,L"",' d o<)
" 'gan:I a, gutb." ~'Of aft", 11", cOJtll'gf, lion of lbe "ui>OI"', "bkl, b"
h.ppeheod will h' Wen ,'" infoni,. nun, .... , or ,ime.. ,I.. ~""c oo--der
or all ,f,i,tg>f""" beg;noi,,<: to <".1 not 0,,1y 10.. ,..,,",,1 b." . ],0
",-ill OCCUT h, a t l<!nl~iJtg to r<lnI) tb. a)""rdiu... io "'~oc ""Y tI1<
Stoi.c. <>.)' i" ""'I) c)'ck .U "~.,, "ill t... '" '0"" "nir.J.o.,." ~") "h,
heal ",i,h ' h"", of f"""er O}-de~ To a.-oi<.I .upp<><ing Ih:., Socm,.> ",-ill
~,-. >gain. ,hO}' -",y i, .. ill \>e "',"""' .. i<lenhcol "itl1 Socra ... , ",'M
" Tb. ......,~~ in <hi> ~"' "'" '''''''''''''roi><'' cr r:m. V. ~ T,,,,," . ~;

1:.-0", " ' - '" ."" ., "11 ..... U. 21: ;.;,..,,;.,., Ot .V"",,, " ... ", ..... :18;
Augu......... Ot co.'.... ,,,,. XII . I!; ()rig<n propound> tho- "'JU"""" ..im ~.J
;nolan< .. in fuo<. II.~, ._ Cm! in 11 Cw.h.H, eo... Cd""". p. ~37, n. 5_
" 1"" ,,'" !!b .... !"""''''
."" """n,_ r......, 1ho> c4' i~ """ lion""",,,,,..

278
,..ill ""' ny ""'''''''''' iden'"",l ",ith X,,,,,hipl'<, ,n<! ",iu be ,"",u .. d by

",." itl<, ,,i<~1 w;tl, '\")'"'' ~",I \1<k,,,, . 11", I do 'I'" """'"
1,,,,, 'he
",oM c." a1",.. )~ be 'I>c ,." ... , .. "i "' ... ",.,.,-kl "'" '''<Tel}' id.. ",ica1
"'ith O"C .",~b<T. ""1UJc ,he !hi"P"' it "" "u' 111< "",n" bu, ",.. 00,'
ticaJ '0 "",,10 ",her. H"", ,,,r. th, 1>ri,,""1 "'1:""''''' n, ,,,pI}' <0 ,/0"
,..",01. of C.lI.u ",1 ,he ~.,;,;. "ill be cl;"""",,1 ol,.whe... " " "",re
(O",~".ic", '''''C, ,uO<e ,,' o.h<" I''''''''''' """"..,,, '0gi-..,.
;" u"h ..IU ,,, ...w iDU"~'l" ob:i' 31 !hi, I"';ot."
',,,,beT
"",m'
He re,uru. '" thi, mu" b ter in the "'me "".-. in "nler '" "rgtJ<
ag,,;"" 'he S,";c ,Ioctri"e of f'ttu rrt"'C~ of ;<k",ir" l ""rhl"
Tb. S'uic> m";o,";" th., " oonfugrat;"'" of ~'" "0;'''"" take, l>l.lc<o
I",oi.o<~,," ll)" ."J .n.r ,I,., , "'''OF.""", of onk, .11~'""" in which
",,,,,thing i. i(!oon,io;.al ",ith ~ltJt occu ... <l in ,h~ J>"";'-'u, ... ~O<'".,." ,
of ,he ",-"';';1, ,\U tho><: ",'100 ~."" con"'''' ",itb !he oottiJ"," ..id th~,
,loo" io. iJW11 a"d '-"'Y ",WJ diffcr<nce be""""" "",. 1"'00d ",,,I ,be
<WII" iD tloe l""iOO bef"", ~, No;,' ,h.", lIl<"' .ay lit.!, ill th< '"""
<ff<1it'g I",,,,,,t """ <ao,'" 11."g>. "ill fl'C'''' Soc,",,", ,,-;(I be ~ ". ",,, of
S<>j,!o"",i", og;ill ,n<! "ill be an At"',,;"', >ni"
,,'any &." 1",-"""",, .",1 ';''C bi ...h ,,, Iou". Altho"gh ' be) do ' oot '''''
th~ "-0,,1 ',<>,,,,,-'Co...lI" ,b.., <e ....in])' "won"ill "'" "ko, "'1",,, L L..,
"'Y d" , Soc..-.t<> "iu """ >g>;n aner origitl.:l\i,'li. from ,h. "",I of
S<>j,lotot~!<u' a,1d "iU I., fon"ed;', ,I", """'"I>"f I~ '''''""''''t, . ,,,,,I .n..
loo:;"~ ub",,,,",,' nurtu,,-d . , A,h..,,, "ill be.-o.-,,.. ph ilowph.-r, ..,cl
,,-,mehow lti; I''''''iou, l,hilQ....ph)" ,,-ill "'" "8"u, .",1 ,,-ill ><ioUllirl), loo:
ide",i,'aI to !be one before. ~1"'<O'l't1. ,\J'l '''' aJMI ~ I d.n" ",;(I ,;""
>g>in Sox,.-. ,.. ' ""<"""'. .,><1 ,10_ . ""n,bl)' of '\'''''P>gU' " iU c",,
<k,.." hi",. ,\",1 . ,..10., i. "H)f<" ridOculm" tlo." ,h i" SOCm.... "ill I""
"" cIotl .... ,,h;';h "ill b.. . k"tic>l "i,h ,I""" of ,10 .. Pf<"'Wu' p<"rio<l,
a"d "ill loo: 'TO OOl1;cal I'O"'''}' ",><II' ""h,d, "iu
be idemical " 'ith tha' bef."". 1'IW.ru " 'ill be. ')T>m ",,,,,. mo,,,. ",ith
cnwit), i<l""oi<aj "ith th." of ,he l"""""'" ,.."tl.l, .od ,,ill """~' nu'
" ... " >I." ~k,,,i"'l "ith ,10"", bef.."... Hy, ""!oy ,OC<"d 1 I'...."'ul"",-'" ,he
d....-tru,. aboo, d oe", m.'''" hdd h> doe Stoic plw""-'Ph, ."'''
thoogb Ccl,", do lIot l. uf!l1 ~, i, but proh~bI> ",,'CII hold, it "' loigl,
"'gani. oil ..... L. thitth ,I .. t 'Ze,," ~.,., " i ~', ,Jw, J<-""'~"
~ CtIt, IV, 5) 58,

&.mr 1.0"., s,..... ""p ,,,1 uu. dox'rin<. UAm<I), p ___ ,; ,,, llioog. l.a",_ \"11,
"1, aim,,- ....I.to,.. IJ,..._ , U. '6, 11. IJ'.elo,1J."".,m
r;,..,.;. I&J onoJ 11.",,],",
!'\Wo, M I'''''' ..... . 1..... 'Sir. Clen"'" ' ... """" "" OOfrt'JX'<'<lo"'''''' ,, ;t/l tfoe
00ri0tUn .h c =urrboo So ",,;,, I ', '>, '; , ...... l,,- 11 . a...1"';"k. . _ Gl..
p . 279, n_ 6.
~ Ct/i, V, :1(1,

2;9
R'snn~ns 'he "'ril~uml P""~ wile", 'he 'enn ",IN i> """I iu
,he plW"al, H. Sassr ~"" 0'" 'h~, ,he) """";, ,, ,.~,, -ob,..,,,, 'ug-
g""ioll ,1031 ,h . ai .... ;" Il O' u l\i'I II e, b ll ' ,here i, a ", n o, "f "im"<:;
ill "'h 'h . 11 thi "g< """, ito ctc",:.1 rccurrcn.;",-ll li e aAirm<, h o",
e,'cr. tl~" "the bihlical ,;,w of 'lK- to,ti'l'o<nc<> of th~ CO L!"'" of the
world , ,,hi<h i, rtbo ,-iew of l'cr..i;,n ", lig;':'lI , ,,,,,,,I;
in antitheoi!
00 ,It, I'"",hei,tic "",I astrological doc1J;"e of '"<:Cu,,",'oo= wi,h ilJ
cOI,fu,;"n "f God ."d t he "wlrl, "f etcrni ,~ .,l(!
time." " Or igcll
,~"" "jec' the d",trine of ''C'''''1TIIC~ e itl", .. What Sa...- d,,,,, not
Hl'bi" io "hy the 1I0t;0" of ma,,)' '"co",' ="'=!1 e",ail. 'ctcnml
!'CC\I"'C1ltc'. Hc i ll " I)(tulltc. hi, "i<>< ,,;thout I""" idiog a,, )' r03
"''''''S 'Q
"!SI";" titis. h ,,'iU, hoW""~" be sho"'t, ,bal du. """nll>-
tio" of Saw i, ,,'" "0m:C1' ~ ,inl<' "hich is Utld< ...t",>d to c"ml'n ..
Il~"')' c.on.ec Ll u,"" ".",1> ,10<' lO(A ,,,,,,,,,.ruy
~.n ta il a ll ~ d"ctnn~ of
tt<mal re'unclIC<".
VriW'1l t hcn i, '],cCTI.,- ('JI~,..,.I to the Stoic doctrinc of rccmrc1lCc
of ~lentic,'1 ... ",I(b. In the ~gI" of 'hose p"'~~g'" , hen , we <~ n """"I"
simiL,r o"e, in 1tiJ,,;. The".f",.", tbe foregoing [cOlimOl' ;'" ~dd"cc'<l
b)' C . U"tter.... orth," which "'gg~,t oome kind of cO<Hl<'C,ion of
O rigcll " notio" ,.;th th o Sto;" 'c"c' 0" ,Il< ."I~oct. ;, u Oli ""ified
ami \O ugro<u[(kd; for .,e" io 1'riM ,he.. ,-L",....
"re ,,~ , ed ,,;,h equal
daril)":
.\10""'1<1', a, 10< d ...... ,,00 m"im.in "" , ""rld. ,iou1., tu e~ch ,><htl
",.1 ;" ..u "''I''''"''alik< ""',,,',m'" co"", wt" "';~'O'J('e. I do "'~ .,"""
,,h., proof. ,hey c. n brin.lj ill ' "WOn of thi. 'h>ry For if i, i, ...w
t/U , t h",~ is to h. " "",1(1 ";", iL, ill Illi rCSI""" (0 the pt.,.,,,
"..,.\d.
th<n it ~' llI hap!,"" Iha, AeLln . ",1 hc ~~I ''1:"'';0 do ",h., 'hc)' ,l id
bd"",. ,h.", "ill I", "n.... her llood ,he "'",,0 .\1",," "iu once O1u,,
!<a,1 " J.O<OPle n","""n,,~ .., hu"dn'd t/",u,,"""
0'" of Eg)l'" Jud. ,
-I", ,,;U " ..1- 1><1111), hi, I"",,,, Sa"1 will" >,<>,"i timc k"'"l' tloe elol.".,
of o....c "."" ." " .... ,ing Slephe" , a,~1 "'c .h~U "')' thOl ""cr;' deed
"'h",h h,,, 1>1> don< i~ thi. life mo~ bc d.... 1< ag-.' ;n. I do 00< ,hi,..
"", 11,;, <an be "", hlishcd ") "n) """",,;ng . if ""ob are actuole<1 I
f,""""",, d <"""'" ,nd ",.'n,~i" ,hd,. progre .. or tho, "".." .. '" > 0<_
,L,,<c ,,;,h Ih< I"""" vf tloci' 0"" iT: " ill. fo' 1101')' on ,lot dc;,",,"
011 ..... ne r",-oh;,,!! roll"'" ",h",,, bring> tbelO im o tIK """c cycle again
" It ''''''''. " A;';"" , ~

p. :/0-1,
*_ I...... T,-.
U... ,I .. ,,,I, I, W, 197--2(19,
~ ~, "'-. p. :100.
~ H,I'_S:lD . L

,fle, rn.,"y .g.>. ""h ,h.....uI' ,h., 'he;- do '" o;!e,i,.., ,tU, o. ,/u"
lout ,I"", ",""" the ro,,,,.. of , lvi, <1,, 1, '''''-.,,!
"ha,,,..,,- "od ' he fr=
dw" ,j ,h,i, i,~!",""al ,,,i,,,,, ",a)" .un at_
What , bc>c mon ""y, 1.... "-"',,,. "' ,I... ~u"" ., if '-",. ~' <f' 10 maU' _
tatl, d,., if. b",hd of con> '''''' 1"".",,1 ou' 00 "'" gru",~1 i, ooukl
b""",," th., on ,,," 0<:<"""'" "'" gr>i,,. ""uld (,U in OX-'lCtI) ,b ,""0
ruo"oo" . "" th .. ' ""h .i n~k g'.,,;" "'o1dd lOo 'h, >:01,,1
,hot gniJ, I>r>ir<I<,.nd ~ ;th ,I", "'DOe marb ", for-
",,rly. Cm,';" I), ,hi, i. ""' ""'~ ioq"""ible ~,i ~ 10 ""I~,..tl ,,;,10 ~ ..
in"oo"'''' '>I< gr<";n. of" b\,$lteL em' if tb~' "e", '0 b< p'''''''!
Ou,
>go lt' and ~, fot roun,k .. ""c>. It "",m, '" m<. ,h<". lto~bk
,10", ,h. ~u, I (1 c"uld be "" ,ored .~';n " ,,-cu,od ,ime "'ill, th< "'ltW
",m.
on/e .,,,1 ,I .. , ,"oml"" of L;rd ... ok"I .. .. ,d . ct;""" h.t! "",kb
mal' .xi~ ,b., .ft' (In,..... 1..",,'lI "am,im" I') no "u""" d;g1H. ""
or
'h" fo< ruin de.,. <> ""'. ,h~ <" ndi.;"" one HI,y be he,,,,, , ",h;k
. "woe, W. dilk .... ,tt CaU'" ""'r be """". ,uul """'l1<r ;" ""." oed i.,, ,
Wh" , m.y be lhe "",,,0.1' ,,,. me.",,, of '""", ,.-o~d> I rool'''' I do
"''' know, ~
It i. i",c"",i ng ,h.t Orig<"' d ..... 'l(~ co"fine hi, c,; ,ici,m of 11><
opill ~'" of r<TI 'IT<" C~ of ~kntjcal world, oul,. '0 tL~ S' oic" hu, h<-
ex,,,,,j, ' hi' '0
od"r Gre.'" a, ,,dl. "" ,,,ell' to ',h, l'l',hagorta" ,
fWd l'!a,o n;;,,'." who 'bold .'mOL" mi!takn' opinKou,',," In arkli,;"" ,
h" , ,,,le, lh", 'd-..- 1",,,,,."<1 me" ,,0>O>'!: Eg)'Vti~,"" hokl , j",,il,,, ,.;""... "
t'urtho""""" ' bo.. gh th. I~-.J "W-".;v" ,.."d I~" ....,i". "" ,er, tho "odd
(0 be iJ,OOtruc,il,k, f" [ [1'0) f. U iu'o ";miloJ .I",tf'diti<>. t'or ~h, ' " u,
"."".~, (k ,ennine<.i ",,-e/es .... " .'" . ,Ivp< ,11< ~"ne oon/igu..-. ,;."." ...d
,d:lli",,<!,;p> to.;od, ott"" ,hey "'-l' lit., ",,,t)',I.i,'lI ot> earth i, u, ,loo
""ne l>:.o>itiou .. i, ".,. a, tI" I"" ri"" ",1"" 110< "";,.,"'" ","';,,,,,1
,be ""TIC ",btiurbbip of ,he .tan." AClTIli~ ~><o ,u ,hi. duc,';"., i,
;, """"""1') LI,., ~ h ... illor a lu",'! period th, "'of" roo ~ ~ttO ,loo
....... n-Ltionohir to one 'n".he, ~ I"d, ,t..)' )",,1 it, ,10< ,inoe of s.;.;.,,,,-,,..
Socr.. <c> will osaiu hc 00,-" of , Ioe .,"u, I""""" "",I ."If..- ,he ,;uno
"""''Y. ",od "ill be .= ,,.-d Lr '\")'"'' .. ,d ,\1<1,,,,,. .. ~! b, "",tI<"u",,1
~. ,I", .""Dt i>~ of th< "'ropagt". ,\re ,hou the .choLilly tn<o "'''"''!!
the P.g)'P'ian, ~' I,o h~,, ' "mil", ,,...li,i,,,,. hiSW) reg~ .... letl 1<1 ,toO
la"Kh<d ,It b) CdM ,,,1(1 hi, 1iU" "
~ /bo<, ILH .
c.t., V, n
Cd., V. 21.
IW_
Cf_ 1'101<0, r_ . 391).
" Cd., V. 21 .

,Ad
'I~ '9 'U' I\ ~unod> 'I~l

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.,../
"'.Jr<f M
.
~
0\ '.,g" .... "

"9 1 '" -'''':)
-9 1 .~ -OPJ ~
'n ',,,,,,,,,[ .. "'['-11 ~
'<;0/; ... '.,., ... ''''''S '11 "
.,../ .
"! LI' :$u!I'P" .r,.J~I U!." U <! "O~" '! 'I' ,,"r ~4' ""0
"'q' <! P!I"'l ' !II .. '~ ,~~(I 1'''" <~l>lU"~ illI!"'JI'" 1'''" ~JO_" PJ'"1 I'""
P",u.>uu OI ~U!"!J() ",,," .'~p ,,,,,,,,l..
"'I' '.'1' jl"u.i,~ ' .."V ",,,,,,,d,
.l1l"JUO)!"I1" ''0"" "" .. ",,1 '''1' ' 11'" .><1 'tE '9 'lIC I\ ~''''''''~ '''c''~~'l
... ~." 1"'11" "'. "W" '!q'

JO ~(.p " ~l ,jJ'"<i!J''' "'I' "! >J'~"-i..L.'_" I'U\, , '-''''' "'.>Ijl II] "'''''_,
1'1" J" "'''\) .'1', UIf"'d .,~, U! """l~ 1>0< .. '."""1 "'.1' ""
:>.'"~ le"
'JO-"'r I'"''
I~" '''.>;1, ~\"''I' '"
(L'Cl . . . ""1' 0.'1' 'I "" ",. "...., I"'"
J'
<~ l!""'" ~(,p "'l' >1""_1 ',,,no
,~, ~U! 'u"""",. ,,-, .. I' ''J .,...,>1<1 ~~.L
,."~u<1 "'l' J<> "Vl",sp>p,o,,,, "ow "I ) I'"" .... '!'d tfii"l
.'~ l J" ,., .. "'" "~ l. "t"Cd ill'''l '''I Ul ' ..."'" >.10'" .>J<>O '0 "!"OII'''V
p.,w,uu,,",uoo "'I 0, ',,(),)~ {H. '" 11"." '" 'HO~~ ,,~, .0J ,.,,~~ ~'I'
'1 il 'l.[ . ." O! .Ie, .'. " """1' ""ne...,.\ 1'"e",,""'QoJ "'l liP' uo.>c "'n
""!I,,",",tiSooJ fo ,,.,..,, "tl.
'~l! "~" !
M' 'I JP"I " I ~U~, "' ''~'<1 ' ''lmJnl '0" '!
'1"'\\'. 'tJ'jJO." JO ~v., J~' '(1'''' i<m(jd"'1 ", " o, ).O od 1 '~n"f[.I:>I '1'1)
'IUo:Jj ..., J., ...">."OI\ " .,81'0 .;."0,."",,, 'I1IJ"O' A!>~) '" Pl,o" ~lj1 ]0
' 1>0,,,,,1. "'P "'"" '~>U~JJ " ;>'}J r" ...
>l> JO .}U!'l:>0P '~I ">!ldn,! 'i_UDm
_mJ " ""!"'I:>.Yd JO ;,}IL.... d l',u"I'''''''''-''~~ ~LI' )"~I ' p-,,,ll.>J "oV.S ' 11
""".u"'f">l/i, <q
.. .1"-':) JO .,~) ",~ ... '!
)\Hl ."..... Il Lt.> . )U<JU. '
,.>On, """"~"'''o, ,n(",,,-, ""'I"' m." ""') ,no JO "'m~" "'!' ,~~)
0) "
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~o!-,,-! 0' "" P'1 ~("-~ I'" " '! "I'l!..oo ..,
"'11 1'''. ',,,.,,, q"'" JO Dl" "") " ~'.I'-' "'p" .>lh.o !I'"'' "I' q,~~
'"J ..
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:OO!l'"" I, '''11 '"0 ",>!,,!,Io ""0 "q ,p"n"d~J
"'I~ "" ( '''1'1'''_'' 1"'1""']11 JO >>'''''In>>.! JO '''!''''''!' 'q' !'I"~ o~_"
_ '11 """1'" ptp ",~O (IUO IOU "7"J "1"""" ;,Jo ... ~~"" '~ l " I
IOl ,..'Il. ' O "OLL~""O'IO ""

'Ib;" ""i,. '""'" ;" night. i, " <I,,,.,..... Ligh' ;, .. ill ",it/,h<1d f"~,,
you; )"W t>OV> ,oc<" ,h",,'!d' gl.,. )'" )"W "ill ,oc<" 'h< ligh' i" ,he
,rn.
("t" .... -'=",... nl ... k .. ",,,in::",,,,' i , ught . ~
FnnbeT he Tti'e""'" h;" Ii<:v., cor,uncntil' g on th< Wile bil>licaJ work;

- n,i, e",i..., ""0" i, :' oigh,. ligh, is withheld fro'" )",)(1. What )"ou
takc 11010 '" lighl. is ju" h...,, )0" .,.. ,. i, Ihrouglo a gl~ ..; ',\",1 ;"
th y ligln ,,',' s1~,U "'" light'." IV, ih:>I1 """ i, in ' he (UU".,. V" ,hi.
n<:orl i, a nigl", ."d ,ince i, ;. " rtight. 'hen: an: '''''''Y ,.-3 .... """'y
he""" going am"",!.";" t\,i, ,,,ne (d" thing.;" due 10 ",il ruling Ol..:r
,he 1'",..01 ...,''''' ,bis "",Ier of 'hi' aeOn i. a il egorica lly caUed
C""",,"," ,\.l I" LI,.. ...,al co ..", of co",,,m,,, .. 'ioo. Origco h<tIdl; r'rm
that 11", ca .. "" arc mo,al,
c" ....."d t;., .'" the co"... . of ,'.,.",,"unation: ,h."'f.,.... if tI"", (ti(j
00< aj".
""SOT "",I roosotnn'''OOu cwld ,,'" <xi>!. <;tbcT.~
It i. "Ut of God', nng<r at <~'il \l..,;ng httn accumulated in the
world ,h", om.unuM'io" tnk .. place. Referring to Ez. S. l:l v["h ,,,
,h~U mu'" "nger be a(t"O"'l'ij,h.-d I.,,,; o~,,,l.we ..,,, .. ,,, 6 ~~ix; ~u
he >mme n" t hu>, "rhi, clcn",,,, th'" the ""gc' uf C",I will """"
to all e nd iu the ,am< way ,h" w",~l ,,iU b< cou_,u",,,,L"" 1I <n
M"'e maimai rl tbm th(' c,,,,,,,
of , he"" ",,,m, i. the .",ee ... i,,, tom .. ,
of ,~il ,"'hieh i, l',u,gt"'1 t ~ 1I0c0d or co,d"'8'""oo.,,"" Funl. ,, '-\\')o'n.
,h emore. He i, ~.id to to. :' oot"utrJi"g f ........ ,,',. i"'IUi'~ ", I"" is ti t
to be c,""umed by Cod: ~ nd w. "")"'hm a< ~ (orc C,>d ",,,,m,,,,
....il and thl- action, ""ul,Lug from if'.," So, " iu thi ,,'''' ab" 'm'<"
ofr.",-"", ..~id to be btfo", God, ';JlCC he Ulak.. tbe elil which
ba, 1"""","",,,,1 ll,~ ", bolt ,",ui t<> di'"11><:'c,"'" ,\"d b"<e is ,he
c'~l ch,,.ion'
"
~
~rpo. 5" re [1.96;
1'0_ 3:;. 10_
-'\I"'. 3,. PC 12,ll>H.
~ _1"', 35,
M _\I"". 17 . 2~ .
~ "u>.. '08, PC 12.1 \71. Th;, i, """ cA u... ...."... ""","",'" 'LI."""n~ .... ""
oe<d ,~, f"'""",,,1 "no:_ If. h>""",,,nedy, &e< ......J ""'ioo "''''' 'h< ]""1''' <x><,
by "~"f<>''' "od .. "'Cl, "'OO"" ". ""., """"c.v.
!imt oom J ~ tnan)' .--" K-"m"!! '" ~
~""J.J t.. "" ,,r. ~
!>, I~. 'r", in Chri~ God ,,"
""""~ 'h< ~".jd to lUm.<lI'. Orir ")' <h.ot "h< """,,,".""Dt or owe on-
, ,, ........ and dN" ""~.':' or ... , aru<ndm.:m lo:~hen "'" tlw: ~ or "'" "<."_
oOOliatioo .no) "'"" ,""'" """",.- c
~ 1tI&.~, PC 13,'8t.
. ro, ..... F~ .. IM fI_. 9,tl.3-
c.t.. 1\', I l .
M CtII, IV. i3.
M 1bV.

2U3
Ac<Dro;ngf)', ~.. <10 n,,, <len) ,I.. .J"y .,r ,he p"tif,;n~ fi..., 'n,1 oh<
<h'lU<'~" ' .,r ,he ,,-..,,-1,1 ,~ <k~roy ",il ",od r<"''''''' <''-'''l,I, ing ",at
~",," ""<"0 ,,< "')' ,hat ~'. h.,,, kan" ,h<.< 'loins> f""" 'h<- "'1'1""
OUl ...r tI1c "",,,,d boo",,"
Th< arn"'gcm~'" of the n.:xl w"rl<l .1':1n, fmm Ille q,",h,y of f...,..
moral ,;on. T h .. concC'ption ,.dC',.. "0' '''~J" '0 ' he nrm"~"'nlC'" of
d'e world. bQ' ,ob<> '0 ,he a.mUM of a certain e",",ue period, "a,"el},
.n "I.'Ol). ' [1", period of ,ime ;. no' ~ consl~'" ,,,,1,,,.1 d.'um, i, i.
no, pl'C""IT~llg"d I>l' an)" n"lu",1 b,,', i, ;. ceb,oo IQ moml .ion.
Thi. mea", ,h3' 'he dur"';Qu of a <",mM: pC'riod (\cpC'ud. on 'he
'",i] ' In .. ,,, ~cru ' n u I111e( 1 ;', 'he world (Iur;,'g corta;" :teon.
In Mm>tI}orm a 'eertn;" "'''<Ob' ;, ... ,.."",1 '0 exist ror 'he oc("",,,ee
of '(,'.d)~m I"" ill e.",
6. 13ff ): Ih;....."'"-',, ;, ,h. pu'JXlO< r", !he
',e<'" of Gain , .. <0 b" " "illgt,i,he,r. In Q"kc '0 grou nd ,h;' .,..-:r
.ion Drig.n ag-.ill, appC'ai, ' 0 'he Wi>do", of SolomoH," .. ,,'cU '"
to neut<rooom)', 'he d.",.ucriOb of Sodom at$1 r.omorah ;,"a, 'n
work of ,h. good God'. Ct:"" iu ",f",,"<e. to I\aim'"' aooH' d""rHc,
,ion oc,,,,,"'ed i" E,gyp' .ft' ,,,k,'" 10 "'8<:"" ~'" S:<"'" ootion ," ~'ur
il i, ,a!.:.:n foe gr~ " "'d ,h .. 11 i, nol in '",<om ",i,h Coo', eh"r"'-1~c
'~>1 10 _ " 01' 'he 'p",,,d af c;i] ami Ilriug ",oral re newal.""
Tite 'oo!rue.io,,' of 'he world ,h"n, "'hi<h marko !h< <rid of an
aeon ""d, ,!tu . " .... du,",,,K.oo of ;" is "0' (It", '0 ~t$" n,w,",,1 de,,",-
,n;,w,m or = "';.: to,,'. T ),j, d"r.lUoIl is <kle""i,,~d by h~ mor:d
",-'li"n of ""iona) <",a'" ",,_ Which mcan' ' ha' ,hi. dltmtion i. de'er
milled Ill' crca'ltrdy freedom , 11,;' i, poi' " "hid, considerably
001111"... Origtoo', though' from an)' p"!"" eouap.;oll of co,,,u.,
I"'riod. ",,,I ohi, is "" fonh in 10;, repl)" 10 Ct: l,,,o:
1)00, ,..... CC'b". "1'I",.r i.>"gh:oblc "'h,,n he '~I>J'<'S<' tI1~( C'il. eouM
"'~'" <i<h<r <ne"",,.,
or <1<"",.,.," For .,,'n if ~h" tl.h"~ of """f)'
tI1;ng .. 0"" ",,,I "" """,,', ,he <m't\c" 'yi;.,~.;) of ",ili ;" not I"
. ny 'n<ao, .j...."p ,h....,,"', ,~ lth"''1!:h 'he ".,Hr<" of oom< 1",,,iooJ>r
iO(fuidu~ 1 rno" ~ uac and the ",mc, 'hing. ore uo< .I".. )", ~>< ",me
.. I ,,..~"'" ,"'" """ ,",.niI; no< .. 'u,,~,,>C", ""'., '''''1)'''''''1: ,I... '."''', ,0
"""" to ",,".,,,,. Orit<"'. ,_,,-.. of th< .orld: ""I""j' tI1i. tu'" ~ "0<"
1>,,,,,, it ~... Cd,", ~t... u"," ;, in hi< ..,g.o......
' Q/< IV, 21.
.. n "... 10, J; 10. 'I: 10, ; Abo, Cf. 11< .... 32, 32 .od 1],
" P,. 17. '11.
" ......)Mo. ~'(I, IV,
.. Q/s. 11', '!Q,

~81
"" r" .. hi, "'i,,d. hi, ... """'" 'n,1 "",io,.. "... """""",,<1. F"" as ",,"
,ino< he "".). 100' OV'"r.,,, ~u'g '0 "'''OO'', while a' ... ..,,1 .. , tunc
he ""t> with """"" i" orde, '0 do ",-d, .,K! ,~i. ,~, in ;t, .. ton'
<ithec ,nu", Of k .,. !\J,d """>Clime. I", mal' ha,,, uri<nd him",1f t o,
'''''K' "'td is <rut"", "'"....
or ..... 1''''11''''', .",1 a\ un"" "'" a,,,,i,,, 10
,in"" i,..1f ",a..IUt<1 in " ,,,re Q< le ... oon""' pL;,ion, So ...... W" ''''''''
m.,)" ~u, Ix .. i,1 of ',h" ,mu'" of <w,:'lung. tI,.,. "'''''if thj, ,,,,n;W ..
""" and ,h,' ",me in g<uu>. )eo "'"' "''-''''' ~ hich ""11"'" '0 lbi, "Ikok'
"'" _ al~,,)~ tbe ",HI< oor of tbe ""'"' un(i. Fu, 11><1'<.re "'" re,i.
"''' of ~""Iocti",y or of r.m ;,.. :ill "". tin ... ,.or aJ....")~ of I,.",)' fa in
Q< dro"gh" $i",,];,jy. ".i,)"', ....,he ... (Ie"nn;,,.d p<..-io<h off"",a i'l
Q< f.ounc ;" tI .. Wo of \><"<T ooob, 'n(1 tlo< fIoool of V'-Of'< soul,
UK",."", 0< <10"",."", Tu 11""", ~'h" v"n' 10 .H';" .n accur..k lno~ l
4', .w.",,"'.. of lfu' doe,";'", ""'"'' .,11, ;. 10'<""''')',
rOt ind, ' 1
",11, do '"~ oJ"'-")~ "'", .. " ,I", ..",e i" ""ml",<, "" ~('C<"',,' of ,he
p",,-i(bl<. whkh " the, ",,e!.eo ",-er ..... hl) ,11>.;,.. Q< ,le:u> ... ,!\e",
bJ-' 0"",,,, "" cooul"W". Iio< ... ;o,rod p....x..l:>!)' oot only <'mhl)" tlliJ,S'. bu,
.k<> """" uf ,be .. b,,]c ~'"rld." ",bi,h i, Ut "",,<I of purn;,..<ioo .. brn
''''r ,b. ",'il u, i, b"ro, n "'h~"'"
-rhi, '"helle"d indie.,e. 'h ~ ["",L,m"nt,,1 C<)rrd~lion b<",we" free
momJ "'-~;"n ",,, I th e dUMio" of a n .co" , Origcn ' hougb (~"'. not
fail 1(' "'Pi Gn".,ic '" .,-eU a, X<"<'I,btonic ,'ieVl~. a""ort~ng ltich '0 ...
i, i. ",an., i,,,,,lf 'hat ;. e,-;). I" hi' tilOugh, ","'il "' ch ... ly r<la'ed to
f<ttdom : "'SI'O'"'>""" of r.od ~ .. , among ,10" " urn]"" of ,."iI. VI'hik
" ne of ,he gnat",t c."iL, i, "0.>' '0 know 'he war to.> "'O,,hip G...-I
aud of piet)" ,,,,,,,,eI.
hi", "." ,\1,0,
i" ""r '''''"' " ;. ,.." 'n", d,., ',ho, """,er whkh '''''e lb :u"("'g """.
,"'. i, .... '1 ... ,,;I>k> "" "il,." f ..... h I"""'''''' mind i, ''''I''~"iI* ro, ,he
",-i] tha, CID" ;" him ",1 ,I';' is ~ha' nil is. f-,-ils ar< thc actio<"
0 ", ,.".,, 1, fro", it I" 0", ,';"" IlottUo~ eboe ... lri<:d~ 'pcaung ",il."
H~"c~. "ot ,,,, I)" the 010';0" of ."co.,,;"~ "",Id" a nd .",,, .. , h ,,, ab"
th e idea of'he limi .. UlarlJng ' he co ..."",,,;,-.: ''''''''"' rcali;>l """ugh
,1"<1""'';00'' a"d ...,,,o,,,,io,, of Ih~ ,""orhl. ~ff' grou nded On Seril~""'"
~ I do ,.,. t,.",l." . u.. ,~ ;" OA., .ni,,,,,,,. I <hi""- U""

~ ."'~ '"
W ""'" '"<Hid', in """ ~n., ""'''!y " " _ , i> """" appropti.'" he", 0tW"
,..... ,... co W
~f" but to tho ......LI ",tK.u of , >IionaI , ....
~ fi"""",,"nl,
'..-e' of,,]l .-.nU ,,r];l;:.
~ CrI., IV. M,
CrI., IV, 6;,
~ S, .u.o Ub. Il l , n
~ CrI., IV. r..;,

2U5
;'","'enhd<.. U riS"" ;. aware .,f tho fuet th ,. thi, idea i. found in

(hc G",o". 100; th e <k>c,ri1lC .,f "".mic de!1ruc,i on' w"," held "-er
,;ne. H, ....... h" .. <I.,,,,,
to (he "arly SlOico :",<1 IJ, ;" ,,'as also .",,<lined
<"en b) SlOico "" LM lIS ~I~""\l' '\ \In:li~,_ 1I"""',,r, hi, eu,,,,.n(
cnllcem wa. (0 COl"r.. " h i. cOI>C"p(ion of ,,,cc"~'e ..wid" from
(hat of (he Gree". ronlcnding th" hi> 0"'" do<l,;u< " no( a",u:Jl)'
origimtt"'l in Gn:ck ,bo"gh(. I k claim' that 'he Groc'" h~,1 (akcu
(h< idea fro", (he H ebft""~' """'cl)
;\1""' ye( they 'mi,u"de"'(oo<!'"
and t:J,;f.,d i, ,,, ,uch ." ~Mc'" [hot 'be "h"'" c""eep';.,,, i. u",
acc<p(abk t., him :
The G""'.. al,,-, h.", do"t,;ne t1o., (M <.nh i. peri<.dicall)- purifoed

1- flood '-" by 6r<. '" Plato ..'" ~)~ in '''''' rI"co .. foU" ...." A,~I
~ , n L
be god, il...nd the cWb. purif}ing i( ,,;tIt """"r>.
",m,- in tIt,-
noom,,.;,,, _. .'" .,,,1 "" 0" _:l
I" (he ",m" " ,i". he "'~" '0 -,he '/'""",,11'), "'h ere acc"rding (0
1'L(0 Soc'"tes '.j-': 'n", noi,hM' i. i( I><.>iLlc for n il. '0 he do"',,)-.o<1
Imm Ill"', nor for them (0 fm,l ~ "lace amo ng (he go<h'" ""d ""
on". FUf1her. "(h" 1""'''8e i" (he Tim""", wbicb "')~ 'Au<1 "-he,, (he
g'~I' purify ,h" ",,,,h'" k"
, ho,,'" ~\al ""beh 11.. ean b "clc,,,,sed
by .... ter i( ha, f~ ..,cr ",;\' (I~", i, I~,d 'Iwing (10" (ime l><f.,rc i, "'-as
p u,;flCd _ '\l1d in ag:rocmc"t ,,;tl1 ,he opi"i<>" of j'b(o ..-r ",a iD(aiD
(hat '" (ime> ",;t, a", I""" OU ""tOur" of'he 1"""'11' iu (he 1"""1"",
,ha1 ""~.. '""iis c~("(OI Lo.. destroyed b) mel' ... ,.
Onl.",n, Ij"",r",,,. i> :,,,,'= of ,Ite f;"",k ,;, ...~ On ~'" S\1i.>jeo. ye'
h,- i".i", (I"" j( i, from (h,' Heb",,,. (I"'t (he idea I",d I"" ,, ,"k~,,,
Acwrding '0 ' he ""i"ion of .,.n" G'ccb I"oo.t>l) d",,,i;,S on (~,

,<'). aIlCicm u.Our, of Ibe II,b"",-, p,,,uj-iUj! fIr< i. bf"U~b( oD tIt<
~~rld, aoo pb,,~bly 10 eodt ""h,idu"] " -I,,, , ...... Is j ,Hlg<m"", t.,. ti,,-
,.'!t"(bc,. ~"h h<;.ling_ rh .. fi,. burn . b\.t ,~"" n u"od) <On,ume.
thooe ",h" 10 .... no """e< ",h"h "..,.", (0 be ,Ie,-"","", b)- it _ ~-hile i1
b ..."u ...,od ""'"' utt"~ y ,k>1"')" 11..... ,,-ho b.,,, b"jJ, -"-",,,1, ~'r. 0.-
~ubbk >t OD tIt< building a, 1tU> i. 'hrough u-"P'~. c. Jkd by tltc~
c.I>. IV, l ~.
" er 7 - " 2'<1); Cl. c.I>. '- 19; IV. 1'-
" (A" I~ , 20-
,. ~ 1Iu.~; cr. u... VUI , ~~ .
7......" ~D _
~ c,r, IV. 62_
F I Co<_ 1, 12.

""""" .. ",,, ... 1,, and ,,,,,",gl1,,,, n .. 0;1;,.."" ",rip",' ''' ""r ,h a, ,I" I.()".!
'Iik ' ho fo", or a , ,,,d'ing_rum..,.- ",.1 lik< " , k ,n<" focd," ~'jJl all
"""" ~... h ;,><1;,,,1"" ,,'Ix> i> i" ''''",\, bAtu,," ,It')' ha, ... l><on mi. ",\
..... b m_ii&t the <'i1
\\l.tJ., "bidt "'" .... fron,
0.:..' uf rtl,~'e,_ .. i, "'<'" "'"",i~"'" 1""'"
"'i1: ",,,I 1 .. ) tb., "",) "e,,') ti .... "bid" SO
1'"'l1I'O thooe ",;.~ ~,;th '<""po"", -."U rin, .nd lead', " -I~
to ""ai.,
"M "i;l,,, to Io.now, n,.,) I","" 'i>e<' thing> f,oo' ,I", pruplt~, E1<l<id,"
ikc"y"" of Cel>",- cbi ," ,foal ,h~ C hri,,;ao< "",;"u" d<""ood ", ba, i,
.. id by 'he (; "",ks or l.>;..rlri.n, ~h""t ,I",,., ",.uc,,"'" he i,,,;.,,
tha t i , ;,. 'h" G ,,,,,k, who )"'''' 'mi"md""'o<" r ~n"_ 'h~rcfo"" f,!>if",d
th e original conccp,;" n, Fo' Ceb"._
ta,led '0 P')' . """",,, '0 ,h~ a,.,.;'n,,, ... Hf '\' ''''"'', ,,'h., ;, '<'pO<t o:{i
bJ-' ",,,,,,n G,,"<~ "rit<t, to h.,.., m."1 In 11", tim< of ""... h,,, thc &0,
of Phorutoeu., 110 i , "'''' ",uuittcd by l~l'tiaJ" to \.- of fa , . 0b'l " ;I)"
.nd ..1,0 b> th"", ~OO ","' pu<d I'ho<nici.J, bi"OI), ,1.I,>"oe ",,""',1,,1
""')' tea,1 d,o ',"'0 /""ob of ~l . " ... J""'ph,,, Oh do< '\'''Hlu;" ut ,he
J '''~, th., It.- onay I.,,,, how \I.,..,. ~ ... ",ott
,..,;'n, th. n ,h<>Ie ",ho
"" d ,ho., ..
looS in... ,,''''' ut tune th,,,, il!< Ijood, ",od <(Oojl"8'"''''''l'
'" "'" ~ ..... kL"
Likowi", i, i. poiDtcd 0'" 'hat -.\l ose. ;" ",", ch ca,lie< tha" Homer
aDd "-en 'han ,he i",,,,,,;oo of 'he On:d. alphabet."" He a'l(uc.
,h et> ~'''' ;\;, ,1-". 0",,,,10; "ho -",;,,, o"e,,,,ooo;l' ,he idea of '''''''ruc
tiu" , of th~ "-,,fld------an id". which i, "rigina'cd in 'h~ &ri l" ur~:
~ I o>c> a"d ""tile of the pfoplK .. "0-': m<n ,,( "'f .otiquj,). ,10<), <lid
,lOt m:c;,.., 'he ,cI<a of th, ~-or I , I ...-o"lt<gf''' ',m from oth,,",, If 00>< ] ")~
doe "o,io,, to <la, .., the 1rulh i, Ih 0,10"", m;"'o"' prohond]
"""" .......Q.".; ,loom .,od ",V'",h.,.",] in."",,,,,,," "",,,'I,,,lg< .\>0<"
,I.".. lhu,s>. 'hcy th", <......"'1 lh",,';". aho"t ..<riodic ~kJ""'''' ",,"Uf-
rrna:t. "'hid .re ;n,fuo:insuj.b.bIc ffO", un< """,hcr u, bod , thC'f
;, od;,'",,,,J d"~.'-1 "ri ,,"'" .. "I in ,Le """" in,"OI,;"g ""'m , W. 1_,
"".,. do oot "';gu e; ,her "", llood 0< <he coofut!<",tioo to OD) 0,b
0< p<riodic mu,,,.. 1 pi", .. of ,10< ."' ... .
q"",ed ,,11 ,h~S<' ,,-j, b ,h~ objeC1;'-c of 'ho,,'u'~ Orig",,', ""i"cnce

on oo",r"lio~ h i, nOl;'", of " M'"",;i,-,- ".,,,.. ,,';Ih tha, of Ihe On ..h,
),.1. J, 2.
" Cd.. V, 1:;,
1: ~2, 18.
CtI., IV, 11.

" CtI., IV, I !.
n
" Cd.. 1\ ', l ~ ,
Cd.. 1\',

2U7
p'lrti cu]:uly th. S,oic>. ;''':"wnhd..., he d.,.,. ,, 0( h.,.; .. ," '0 employ
the Stoic terminology 011 the ,uhject. I'm- in bct it ".,,, Marc,,,,
,\ureli", wito f... " " ""I , he lenn '"",,,' u, 11, ;, ,,'u.. , lI,al is., to call
<~ch "orld-<')c~' ~" '''''0''','' Ho"'''''' -', J,bn' ", ""xl
,h, 'Iamo ' "'nn
'0 i"dicate a )""ioo, reYCI<:<l by U';ll"'" '~'mdy ,h'" of inf,,,i'e time,
For he . peal. of uol;Jlite ,;"'. "' prO<tt<iiHg lio", .ro n to 'C<>I',"
P.arlier Stoic> ,",cd 'impl)' the tenn 'infuoite 'iuoe', It wa, ~brc".
,\"ttli\l> "'110 u.,,<I 'h e ten" '''''00' ht order IQ indical" b,ot h ' he
;J)fUtj'e lim" of 'he ""j,c,.,., as "ell '" 'he ,ime from th" I"'ginning
"",il the <nd of. ccnain c""mic C)"ek."
Unc Ulay wOllder "' h)' Ong"" i. ", ul.i>tel" 0" co"tr.'!"ing hi>
co",.""ion ..ith ,h., of ' h" Greek>: "' hy ,I"". he again ~nd agaio
awal '" ' he panic"lar OCrip1UmJ "''''''!I'''
,, Itic h are .,:en to rn,,
,e",," " I' 'hi> "otion, Tb< ",,,"',,, i, 01",\ hi, 01..,,-,1"" mo<;,'e I;';' ill he;
.im '" ok""" hi, difk""" ,~",,'"p,iu" of lim~. The 'I"""i"" of recur
rmee i. a pri"cipal "'K'.
For 'he ,uit",k '0 it implies ,,,,,, F.,,'icall)
,~t!e""", "O<I('-1',ion' of lime, Th" I'"&"" opinion of id"mica! r"",,
r.,"" "f " '"rld, "", ail, S""'" ,'cl") si;;,tif"'~ '" c"""'I """""', . ""h os
,he follo'l'j"g:
I. Hu",,,,, f""" I",,, ;. <il'm"ntlc<l from ,"~ a,,!U:~ ","",It,
10 "" e~leb(
,h", it mok, .. 1)0 """S<' ", ~ll,"
2. C""Uagra'ion, '" 'h" 'otId' of. co;m ic p"riod. i, purd.,- " "I,
mal ph"1lOmcuo1\,
3. ' [l,e '1'"" of time i" ,,h icb " 'pMiod ' ;" .trdted ;" ""U)".~"t:
auoo"g earlier Gr" , H~raditu. ",. -<:1 10 c.111 ,lti. pe'~~1 'Great
,I .
"e.,'
Th~
(~q<\,"", ho'n~t6-;J,
,.-orki i1><lf, i " i", """ion in ,ime, mOl'e. t"","rcb
,,,,,,'1,,,,,.
Th;" is wl"" led ,,,me ,cI",L." 10 'peak of 'cydic' time ;a Grn:k
,hough"
Ongen, "" the ",h~r hm,d, ;" ,horoughly '-'PI....... ,I '0 all 'he," fm,
,L.a""lt~1 iUlplic~tio",. ,\ co.mic 1><';"'1 10"" DO ,Iefwit~ 1'''gllo of
time, Com"'n"'~'io" ofa W01'I,I ",cm, from pu""l}- m"ral ca"se. ,,"d
...1~~''''p'', U,12, 1\'.6), " ,!~ 1' '',lq, 1,>;.28; 1""12, :>.1,2, MI.32, C(J.M
tl;it,SW '" "':'\1, 1', :llH,
.. .It""-'. 1"" .28; Cf.J_\t. R><. Of n.., p. 28 .
" er J-\l. Ri><. _
.. Cf. f\". """"',-"og RA ~'." "" Of, "'-, PI', l Zllf .

th e ,,-.,rld i. dir",,"od ,.,,,,,d, an ""I. It i, ,hen im l>ortanl '0 f"""
.,,, r .ttenhoD on " ph"'''' of /tmc.
For soub:.re nO! ,I,;'~n 00 .on.. "~,,hio~ ""0"" " I oc~ hriog< "",,'
,noo ,lH; "'me O)~Le "1(>'"aIler "uny age ... ~'il" ,he ,.",1. '''-'I the)'
do 0.- dc:,;" ,tU.
0.- oh_>', bu, tbc)' di=:, UI< COW><" of lhci, d<-e<:Is
'"",,,~l "'b."",,r ,ud ,I>< f,.".,..)o,n .". ,tJ,dr ',,,idOll! ,nit~ k n,.) aim 01."
T hj, in f.", deno .... a concepti on ,)f timc acconliug '0

which the
co" "", of <...""" is "'" a mtaningle" """",irion, blH a purpo;eful
"ri,'.,,!! a"d cou"," 1O,,.rdS go-ol ~nd cnd .
Il,. fu,,",bmenUtI co ",ict;"n of O';gcn i, the " ,h." "' ha, ., '"ex"
i. in"insicaU)' rda'e,l to 'he freedom of r.tioll~1 bcillg:< . For 'hO)" ~r<
" 0' ullp';>Oll e,1 ill a ,Iep"",i,,, c(" ", ic rc<ll rrc IlCC' m, ),c, ;, i. 'heir
ti"ttdon,. which auuali), ""e"n.i,,~, 'he Cout>< of 'he ,,'>rI,1. Thi , i.
"h).;n ,yO,. be (kd~,,-, ,ha, h" do<:s no, h,O\>, ho" 'he ne~' " 'mid
,,;11 I>< arr.mged by ,he ,h,;ne di"",n~" i"n 'q; ~;u.,..." p o. f"~""
"". 01~' """'" oi ""VO\!~oOjJ<VOu, ,"
\\be", in C;I,. be org"'" e~,"rui",I)' 41ai ,,,, th. Stoic: doctri ne of
rttuneOCe of~lemical ,,-orlw.. hi; ",ai" "'g""''''' i; , hat ,,,,, 10 a co,,
'"'Vti,," ",",uall)' ~hol; ,h", fr<.-"d"m. If tlw Stoic d"Clr\ne is ;ocr'l>tc,I,
he ,ar>. "I dQ not k"" ... h..,w lOur f,wdum vf ,,;11 he ""cod and ho"
<i,he< praioc Of blt",< ", ill be j L"tifi"d~." Fre"d",n ;s 'h< ,"""",i~1
i"heftn! eleme"t of moral action; ""d i, ;, .w mon, d,", "if )'0"
t"k~ a"",) 1I ... "k-"' "nl of fn-c ,,'ill fmm "'rI<le . you :'00 d",,,o) ;os
",,,,,,ee." I" '"""'11""".
'00. ~ 'C ,ie,,' Ih~ , tb e fv( u .. arrange',,""
"f 'he 'wrld i , ""n"n!!" ,,, i. n:'tJ;,..~"od, ". nd I do not '''0''" if '; tn '1."
th ing>- or C"~D "'0'" ma)' I"~'P'"" 'n long ",cunin~ pe riod> of ';m. ,''''
'11"", he bold;; 001 a meld), na,um! C01t<q>tjo" of time. b,,, ~OO
a 'Dor~1 co"eeplioll of il. ' ;'lC<' u,De aeq"ire> a ""eper ""'",,;ng
rd"'ed 10 ",oraJ ""'ion "lid (n-,odorn . It ., nol a n,,'or ... ] L,,, ho. ffw
lno ... 1 ae,ion ,hal ,,-hich d,",~rllli, .., the du,.,;o" of~" aeon."
In "'e hght of ,h . lime ha. a m~.ning di"cr~llt frum an)' of
th o", of the GTce". POT ,,"h.~, the)' h.d "nde:",oun:d "d' '0 tal"~
~ ibo<_ IL3.O ,
~ M(k. XX\"II, I~.
~ Ct/" IV .~ '.
~ c.;., IV. Ill.
" _Joh.. 10. XIJI ,
.. Ct/" IV. l Z,

2U9
'ure a >cien'i foc id""I: ," kJ"".. lh~ ",,>mic P""'"" .. " "h"lc, ,,,
render nmure "' holly ,r.w>va,..,.n 1o lu"k,...,andiug. ,\11 l'ruticul:.r>
W,..., '0 I.. unders"'od ;" ""..", of ",,' ur..1 u,"''I,,1 I"",. Thi, ...,
oraJ conc",>!ion of the nocaning of hcing imo ,I,,' ""rk! h~d r,m
,bmc ,, 'al implica1ion : in ,uch an cxi"cn' ial ""i",,~: man ,''' ndo
iml'~rtial in 'he natu r:t! protco. a"d what r"mrum to hil" i, '0 know
wh" ,be co. mic pro."" i. There i> n" ,,'olu,iou 'ow."b ~n)" fm,d
gw t. ,her~ ;. onl)" an etl<U"" rep ioion.
'I'),j, is ~n: fundaon,",al norio" ,ha, Origen n: ....., .. . To him ,he",
;, a ,i,w" of an "I'ima'~ end, 1.>0..,. ",.:
,hi, " .," promi>ed. In or'kc
to "",i" 1(, thi> cnd ,I",ugb ' hen: i> t""k to be accolUl'li,I",d : thi>
ra,k will be ca"i 1 ou' ""d 'he g"") "ill be "ached only ;b ,u"e
an,l ,hrough ,jme. '" I ,lwU orgue prei!<:nd)'.
III d,,, cO<H,eptioll of ,ime n.,pon,ihili,y i, n01 d,n;"'(] ,our all)'
II",i"" ~ inh"",nl 'ri"i.li,y i, a<X<I",d. "Uti, i, ho" a r:odical I""ak
bc',,..... n Clui"iaui,y and Cla,';ci. ", WM <>L.. hli,hed. H<nce, a),hougb
'he n01ion ~ "",rrn:n<e "Pln:ar> '0 ba,,: """,e ,imilari,)" '0 'he S,oic
orn:. ,he.., ;"" 'ho ...."gh dilk..,OCf 1.'''''",,0 ,he", . The S'oics "'-"K"'dt'(]
pmio.-<g"';oo of ,i"", "> all ""al,[i >ln:.1 "alUf'~ la,, Iro", ,,'hid, Ih<")-'
.impl) ca,m", ."""P". ~bn;u, A"rcii", h:.d :.had)' cbimcd ,h",
'he .... ;,. IIo'lt i ,,~ '0 Ix- pil,ed by f"'''''"
life" "",1 Scll= arguJ
'hm perfection ,101:' "'" n:quire vrotonga1ion. "" life cau be ",,,de
W".-.e' in a luu,,' lime. "'"0 i f it ;" 'hon.'" To O'is"n. how,.....'r.
p"""""g,,'io"" i, needed her."", ]><""",ion ha' ~n :'~1UaJ 'p.,io-tem .
po ....1 co",e", .,,<1 prolong<d life .h', ,,'" mean i'~''''icall) ,,",uc";tlg
lif" lhi, i. p:>n of a pJ\)c~" to"',,rd. a final f!H1l.
Wha, tOT",i, u,". ,hen 'he e,,"",ia) ,lifr<:reucc in th e !tOOo" of pro
Io"g.<tioo 1.0:<:".,.." Iloe S<oi<s "00 ,..!t<, (';n...,I.:s. 100. ""'h .. :\';",,..ir"
.. .\!.,,,,,;,,.,. ILlI; T he ...... "'Jo m<"' ;, "', "" " <.rl;", "rit<... """,,~.
1.tK",ti. . . <>1 c;.-.,ro. Cf 1.tK""';... I< _ ' ....... 3, 11, I OO;~J\ ' Criro. JOlt.
1.:\9,9'1: ,j"d by R. ;;.".r,;;. .,. 01.. p. 100.00 " . 11.
&n<.. .. f~ . .11... n, ", 7; 101, &--9. d"d" 1..-. dI.
~ 1'\00",1> m.:. ..,.." .". ""u,.., 'O ", _th", "'t:""""" "" ",,",to;,,, ,I""
u,..,. i> ""'> ,;,.;.. ncombt, of ~at ,....,.,.,. l.Oto" "" .. ,.", """"re" ""or
, .....",,'" .. ,n. numl,." of""";n.J " ....... . ""'. p<riod ...1 ........ " ,...." . ~iIJ
h.,~ "' ,..,.,. <;'OnCWWO!! ID< ....., '''''''''''''- e[ F_ 1\'.' .1 n ~,IYl.l I , 9,
.. "'''-le did ,"" """)" the;.Jea of. I~ """ <;w"" ~"""-", of UU~
t.. ~ .g.Un" 1'1.<.10 Iho, u.. Id.. of [,,-000 "oukl _ t.. bott<T through bring
.....m.D"!!. ill ID<..."...".., th>.t. ~hi .. 'hing.,.;)l "'" n. " lU,,,
r", w.~ ~"
})/u(o .w -k 1.6. 1 0'>05l>J-~, t_ f-! i I. 1.S, 1218.10 I~ '.

""d Epi<uru." ,,,, ,h . ,,"" hand . ami O rigtn On ,ht o,her, ;. a
,heerly ,uff"",,, OOI,erpl;'>I1 of time. 1 ,hall lake 11". OJ,ponulli,y m
d.l>omt< n" p,,"iC1~.r f""e" of ,hi, cruci,1 I.... i," ill rl 'k' CO li "".
'Il,i. a"aly'" .hollld Ix home ill mi",1 i" ca,,,,,,,;"g O,igc"'s <"0"_
CCP';OD <if' con""" Ill", ion' I""v"AL''':: H e .'!>ea It, of '11,< rl'" nJ et; 011
of ' he ....o'ld. which our " 'rititll!"' c'ail co",unu1U<tion '. ,luring which
'chaug'" ' 0 ooli", 0<"<"\" "cco"Ii,,<: 10 way, 11 ,0.' h"\'e I",." :'VI""'",c,r
and '"",,,1<1 i, c<>""i'",cod of,h,,,,, i.>odic, '.1OO
Thc scrip,um1 pa .. ag~' '0 ,,'hieh h, al~)CaL' '1'< '.0' 0,, 1)" .'b ll .
13. 39 ami Hrb. 9, 26 which 11. Cl,am.;ck ";10,.'" hll' "I", .'b ll .
13. 10, M.". 13. 19. ~I"". 21. 3 ""d ~Io". 28.10 : 0" ,hi" H.
Ck,,]wid I~'i"'; oul ~,., I"'S"" ,,'rile'" do nOl ,"" \h~ \enu <>wti-l,,,
in ,hi, .",,se .... T hi, i, lnl.; M,d i, i, precisel) Oil ,hi, '""')' f~ct ' )"' L
ono . hollld al;" .." Ori)("II', ills.i"IIc~ ,~, "'~"F.",'ing h i> OWII ,';ew,
,,;,h 'he pag'''' OnC'. The ,kq>M- di>li"",io" of h;' idea of co",""",_
"''';0'' I;" "" I';" eonecp' of "''''HI''', n.Hld.,.. a """kl eOlllpri.;llg
,,,,ioMI <reature.. "'he",." 'he ' n,,,, ..aI' e",irollmm' of , he'" par_
,ieu]:,r "mld, i, '''a'..d a. ~" iso,,,' of ",i'lOr impnrtall<" '. Wha, is
of s.iglliflCa,,,,,, i> nu' 'he cOIl>UmmaliOJl of 'he na'ural ",orld it><lf.
bu, 11"" of ""io,,,,1 ,rea'" rc . T he ,'C,)' teru, """",,,,,a 'COI'-'1l1n_
",~,ion ;" deri,-.,d frob, ,he "nn .t.\o; (en']1 ""d .. primarily per_
". . od '" 'he cnd of,ht exi>,e",;al >ta,u' in It cen a;Jl runk of life
and j '''i;;m''llI of a<lion d,,";"g ,I,, ,u,,,. of bei"g ,h,',e. T h"s. "id...,r
co" flaW";o " ur catlldyom ;, rog:lIu<'1 "",inl)' a, 'he , ."" 0/ m4 rf
a ",1mJj "mmf('f'Uf'J 0/ rniumd lift '" ' ''''"'''' J..nd, ?f /JoJ"', where", ,b,
queo,ion of 'he cxi"eOtt of 'he world .. a ",,, ,, raI reali,)' ;. nO'
, re~lc'<l in m"ch ,Ietail.
Thl; ;" ,,'h)" ont:"'''' COoo.:l~0u of "".,f.v,,, ,bouki be "'8""ied

a, differen' from 'h~ 1"'!!"An onc. M'~r "U he ..-a, al~,,'C .11 'he-
" logi:tn, and "". " ",,'illing '0 i" ""k , hiUl"",lf in deha,,, ,., 'l"es-
,i on, of I'h)~i"'. N","cnhd.". in Mgning ag,""" Cc!;,u. he "~jX>" n'I '
to " ""rta;" ex,"'" h i!; \;,.,.. of 'ro''''' m'''~tiOt'' 'It "
,, ",u,",,1 "'0""
Sub.c<I"""d.,.. ,;,> C"bu> "''1><1."t> or ]>C II",,,. "'"C1l lum",lf """".,
"".,M.Idoe a,,,,,..r ,b.,
could t.. IV"'n '" "'1,1) tu doe <I""otioo

291
>Ix"" , _ deo,,,,,-..,I by ,he iIoo<l, h. "P' ' If I.. d.,.. "'"

<le"tor
hi. 0'''' o/f' pring, "h.,,, i, )", \0 ""'" th,,", ",,, of ,hi. world wroelt
h~ hi"'.clf ",.dc" \\'~ .... ply \0 thi. d,. , He <loeo ,,'" c~" 11""", "ho
....Jfer<d in ,10" fuod .... ' of Ih< ""rid, ",roe), COO",,, "I' hea'"" wld
,,,,,L, Rml"'r. he ,kti,'," d"'tn frut" 11", ~r.. '" !ho' tJ,-.I1 tfi; I. """"i
~ ,,,d, ... He ",n,m-e. ,he", f",on ,he", bo<~",. " tho ~""o ,im.
he =Ul"'-~' 'h~", ("m' bciog m, e.,,,L, "'roe" '" "'""y pt:", u, ,h
..-rip,or",;" ",,,ally caJkd ,n. ",-.,,-l<L '"
Th ,,, , It"", who . " flioT ill 'he fiood .r< 001 ,akell ou' of thc world
i" "" "b<olu,~ """,,:", a. 'he worhl is CO<1,;"ti'g ofp;,,,;cub r "'"01"1<10' ,
"hich although not ""elt ~ .... n,.,,, l1hd,,,, j .... l" d.xl 'nto the " 'orld'. '"
It ., p<"rf:tly clear tl"tt 'co,,,,, m m'lio,,' ', "n OC"'Jr""lC~ aflCct'lIg
the """n,,)" of.he wo,ld. not ollly the ~.t1h . 11,i, i, "'h)" .~,~ dv
'n" d< Il)' the n::a1i,)' of I'lJ rij>;ng fin:: and ' he d<>1nletiou uf 'he world
to ,b,ro) .....-il and re"ew ,he uloW [""orld] (ro Kav,I>.; '."'"
lIe,id",. '"1100<1, ."d conllagr.lion," ,,,k,' I' I. r~ ;It o"h ro I'"';!)'
~nut onl)" eat1 hly ,h i"g> but th e "h"lc "wld-- IQ~ ... i. ; rii. W)Wo
tlJ,J,D. ' "IIt ..... <Wp ,q. ''''''''I' ",11<,"""'- e>iJ in it l>cclIO"'" ext<"';,,,". "..
Although thi, :lM<t1 iou lIlainly I'"'"i ,,, to r.t,ioual e",.tltres. it
awan to n:'<mhle the S,oic Olle, a, I""., iu I~ll<r. Thi. ;. "'h)" H.
,'0" Amun iodu,i(-.:l . It <:.'<"";'" 1"'" of 'his sr<liolt "f Gb ;It h;,;
cditioll vf the r"'.gm"n" of Earl)" StVl<:' tal ing it that ~, thi, point
O rigclt i. 'lu" tiltg Ch..,...;l'n. 'n....'
It i, ob,'jo,,,, ,h"",fon:, 'hm 'rom uu""atlon' i. of im""'" in ...
much .. it ha. to do ",ith th~ d~"i n r of .... ,;on.,] erea,u",,- nO, ",i,h
,he ,,,,,,,,,,1 ",,,tu. of lit<' ,,"odd, ", il b:'r ~~ ' '' ~d ,,-i, b l'>g:m , bo,le...
Oril " ;, ce n~i lll )" falll ili~r ,,;,h th;, kitld of k"o"lctlg< ,"d dcal ,
"itll it only iu ca", h< i. d"'ltc nged '0 ,\" '0. Thi, i, ",h", h ~ dON
0\ ,h~ "'lIIe work """illl!: fonh tu. C(""'ep' of ron"",uuation. He
expou"d, \,j , ' ''''''' of the '<le'lnxri"" of ,h e "'odd', of dle '"''''' '''
of lo:xll",' :' hl! of dle ,",", '" of ',":",et" 0" a natur,,1 h..;, ,p"n(h'lg
an ,'nt in ..<,io,,' " i" ortt.- r to ",oh 1,;",,,,,lf de.r. 11 ,,, doe co"ch,
,;on or ,hi, k:c,ion i. i lldic~t j. ', of his ,,,,-,,ntU di,,"'tion alld ()bject i "~:
.. r..u, 1"1. ~9 .
"' LW
'" c.u, 1\" 21:., >bo CtI>, \ ', H od H .
... c.;" 1\' , 61 .
... cr. SI',', 11, 3~7. 11 .
c.u, 1\', 60,
~

he &,,1, th .. ,uch a ki"d <Jf d,,~a'e i, 0" , "f,h. P"'T">"" <Jf hi. ,ho_
ology o.od bcyO'MI I he "'''I''' of th,. ~"rtic"]"J' work. Origen d'pr<_
(;> . . <1 di,...,.-! ,lOscu",ion ki,h Cob"" :n'r,,"a)": ." he ra,lo", brisld) 1'''''
an end to ,hi, lh,...ugh thi' ,t",,'me""
H", ,,~ MC not suing to ,fuc"", l>OW ,he ".""", of ,~< ,...,,-kI ,..h<1'
,.... '<pi> 10 ,h" ac.:u..,,;"',\> of C<lsu, 6U.- .,;, ,,,,,,n """ .poI.,,,,,,,
;"~",,",," ~~i pI..; ,Q.; 1<Iio KI;""'" ro'~l'>Pi<>.; ..."ol.ur<i.),'"
Th i. "at<lnen' """" ilu"" an "-'l'""" i"e clem"'" of Orig""', 'M"

<xi>'e"ti:t] ~rC"'PI"",itio",, i" njX>u"ding h;" 'hough' pan;",,_ ,,,,1, i mplie~tio".
of ,h;, """eq>t . It i, in th e light of ,hi, aim ,ha, hi, "otion of <"n_
,u """,,, io,, "" hi, o,,'ire "'''''q"ion of .i,,,e) , hou]d be ",,,k:r>")(~1.
Due 10 ,h;, d,ltercm , .. ,'" of lime Origo'" hold, a diff.",,,, CObC'-1"

t;on of 'h" ~"d of each <,,"mic C)" )c. Thi, cml i. ''''' ~ m,'re mOll"'Il[
in ,he L"<)",i'H"-"" COIImic pro< .... it ;, a n",ment <of ~ "ig"if.:a""o.
-rh;' m;>,,, not only th. co",,,rnrn.,io,, of the a"" n, bu, "I", 11><
time a' "hieh ('".od j,,,lgn "HimEtI creature. on a:ou" t of 1lK-ir
"",;"u during 1he wn.ummawl aeo". Th~ i1. al"" a 1'<,i01, which
CoH''''~''' hj, "H';'" conc'1"ion <of cOiSmic period:; ,,';,h ,h .. Sow "'I<:,
lI'1oik r<ooaUung uncl'."gc1 "'''''''0;;). lie

cuo\<, d.-,~ " 00 huo"", alfilj" ,1"""gI, lilir I'"" id""", at:ld (ti'l~ ' '' ''
'''''' ,~ .po.o;~
"'; 'n
o;"",,,,,io), 11', a,M""" ,)Ie '"'-;'U' ",ril~"""'
'hot God ;, "nclo;u,~>I'''' 'hruuSh ,h,. ~or<l> ' H,,, ,loo. aot the
,",)' i,, ~
""non. "'," '1 ch",'1I" "0.-.'" Bo' ,he ~b of F~,icon.,. ~ I ..... nc roo,
- r:.r,. IV. 6<1, O<-\o:m ""'" th< '''~ """' ........ ;, 10 ~ ,,.. ,_,... of 11",
"",Id t ~""",,,,,,,, .. ~ _ U, G"""', (.;1,. " . ...., IV, 00-, j(...., ... , , ... ,,,-,,,,,
""".o.l.oyi<t _"""'., of th< ""t.", of th< ~md, in Ob, IV. 71; \'. 'l6; \' UI, ~ I,
~It-",- 13,~, 11, 7 ""~h b"e, Cl,,,...,.,..,. Cr. srf: Ill. 10, 13 .,..'1J1<,';
100<1< """o.i..>r<iv .0<1 ""'~~ i" .ftf~ 2'l. H, oc";.,,.,jy ""'" th< om" f"""
Ati.t ..... ,od 'mfilo)",) uu. ;" _ " ' <Xf"<" It;. .... of ""'''"' in <li""""""
"'",t natur.o! 'I...... "" CL ~. I',,~ I06W6: V. o:Ml.. t96b,"l; .11, I
_~I: Ari," ... u.."J th< """ _,~ '&mng'~ th< I'o-__ .-.... ',;n....-.J<,
,,y.
to do""", ""'it philo-....p/li< .. ",-;0.;"'.,
n. "'. 101, 2'8,
" \1.1. " 6.

293
!>"'i" "wIe of . ,,~'" . ,," li. ,* '0 &,001",.,,, d, .. ,,) thei, ,,,,,,,,i,,,_
tM" " .... at '''''''' W 110",,,, o<f ..... atoo'" wh"h noay <.''''' ,h.;, n,i".
r"nh"",,,,,,,,. ,;,"'" th. God of ,~. sooooo ;, ""I",,,,al. "' 0". rino
~'Il<" tI1< ,,,II.II",,joo ;..... ,going, <"<".,;~. "o, ;,dy of ",i"d 1'<""'' '';''''
h>',' tIj,' li~fJV """(Q'. "hiIe., an"tI1'T ""'''. ",ben ""rld-ordo" co"'''.
he bt-<"""" " V't! of i" n,"I 'hen "",. \>n ,,, ...11e to .. uo<;""
~,. ".,,,,al concq>t;' ,,, 01: (;00', 0"'''-''' ... h.ir ,~ .h<"C,ly it>COfn~n ;hl<
."d "",plc .nd UDC<""I"""Kk<L :.od iJ,,~, ;~ble.' "
I" ,ddiuo,,;
TI,~ ~'I~'''";~ot, . ,.1 I"'''->.Ie,.,. of ("""I I"-m>o>.'' ' . U oru,\@,. hu' 'oo!
io the .. n,. th .. ,he '1,iri, of ,he S,""'" doe" Jm,-i<leDCe ,o,,,.in, .u
tI1",.. ",,,d,,. I~o,-;d"o IP't7." ,;, .~,'a .polv.:.",\ )'" not . ,
"coIl"lining bod) """.;ru,tg "",,,thiug m.Iloli.dl. 00' ,h"i"" f>O"''''
~'hich h., embrac,,1 aU 'oo! 'ODlaiocd. "eron;lio~ '0 "'" S'oic~ ",1>0
""""" ~'"" 'I,~ til'>' pri,ocip .... '" "''1''''"''''1,
",,,I ,I"" hoIoI ,'''''yd,;''g
" , be <\e'''',,"tible, ,,,,,,uri"8 ...,," '0 make ,he ><q'''''''' God Hin"dr
thtroctiblc'" tu ...... too ~o1 0<, 0,,0' 0<, bt: ,,"<n)" 00'''.,.;0"''.
,-",-.ou "", l.ogo. of God "'00 ",n",. ,10,,'" to human. ""d '0
the ........
,,,.;g.,if,,,",,, tI1;nl;<- " nOllu"g ""'," d ,." .' ","",ri:ol "';ri' , .~<cont;"g
,,, '" loc. CI,ri'''''''1. h""'",,,,. ~' lto "",k to """" ,ha,
~w 'a'ioc,,:oI
lOul ;, ,,,,><rior '0 A"y ",.te,;,1 ''',u,," ontl i , a" ino-i;il1l, .ntl ;""0"-
f"J=-1 """"'CO . ... , ...w-;.,,, 00p0-0"'" .'~, ~o""a,,,,," " tI1, di,''',," ~
i> ''''' ",",,,, ..;:'1. Through him :ill lhi,\@, ~-"''' ",,,,I<. .nd. i" ,,,,I<-,
,1"1
.u 11",,!!, be nt.:t<ie ~' ,I", l.-.go<. he """d,." "'" "01 only '0 """'.
1;0,,, ah., '" t!tU'g> p .... "'",..d to I:r ",ui",f"JfUut "",I ,i "'I>I)' ,;o",rolled
bJ' '''''"''', t... t tf><- SOOOOO ma) <le"",.,-"",,hi,,!! i" a , 1:\,,, ""
<1u ,,'"
cor><roc ,b., "" ;n<"OI'j"""'.oI "<0<"""" ;' .ubjt '0 * (o.. tb~raUoo. 0.-
tI1at ,he .... J of m.n 0.- Ibe t)]"',Ia;;.'" or ao)J<. or 'Itro!,,~, OT
tlon,i ,Iio,,~ .,.. pri""i,,:oIiTi.e .. or VO"',"", i> o;bs.,oJ,-ed iOl0 fire ,'"
O n "Q1o'" ...f thi, O,il('''' 'cgArd< t he ' ltd of~" ~<'Qn "Q' ..",I)" as
C01"''''''",,';011 . but .60 a, IIlOIll<n' of lime i" ,,-hicb judg<nK"nt
or' C";', IV. I . ,

" cr. sn~ n. 3W. ,"'Ji, 11. l l l. 23 n
,. (""""",,, ""''''., ......,""' . "'" i~ ;" ;~ O"W'>T< ,,,,~, iD f:o~,
'1'1,.. ""~ of oicW. ,""ne< by ,h. "rn, 'hnng' .t-....uId I:r ,,<>id<-d " .ru.
[> ..... ""'" ""'" ........ ~ in .., ~ . ~ ~ ;,,,.If,. 'I.orinll ,
" "",w, ( , ~.",jo", """(,, ....,.,."....,., ,"" '" ' WJ~ .
" ("..n,w, l.c6o,,',... ., h)_, a~ , ""'" thi. c,..",t "onj ha, bD ,onp...,~,j
in I~, ''''' Orig<-n .. dU. poi'" """ ilir tffm ...." r..- h,moan b<~, ilir
nn
lift 'lD ,,, .. , ~ " ..t t.ht """ .v"
;...&."",., fO>W" ", ,10. """"1""'".01 ,k .... m of ilir bdng> of wp.. nnk< ,,r
"11"-"" 00 h..... WJop ooJ) ,Oo!<. \ '1. H;
\11 . :18; - J.... , 1. XX\', ' 1 _ . ,I>< tnm ~~" ohouIo! not I:r tr.uo-
I.. I .. ~ fO< ,b.....".. """"'" ,Iw ."l'l...oo.u.i "" '",r~ .. 1..;ng' . iilir"
'" CW, 1'1. 71:"..", t>I>. I'(.~,

'"
take. I'b", . T h ;' i... hy 'Ih e fl r< tll ", is brough t 0" ' he ",-"rid i,
purifrill~( and oil i. "1'I'lied to each j"dj" id"..1 who nd'i"dgcmcnt
by f ll'<" 'ogr,b e< ,,';, 10 beah"g'. LO. Co'''\UMMtioto j" ,,," j"" a nalur;,1
QCCu ... ,"'.; it i, do,.,,; ronn<cwd ";110 .I ud!!"m,-""
Bu. if "',," "iU be " ,,';n ,in,,, ~'h<o ,~, ~'orl<1 ~'jJl be h ....... gh' to
,h, cod ...-]" ch ;, InU" ""c~ h.w ";1lC< it b.~ , l><giJU1U'g, Lb."
,I"", ",U bc ""nai" .. ~I of the ",oM _""I iller "'~, righ, ......
j"'ts"o"",,, c,f en""",,, ' "
In """",-1/411 ,I... ", is .~<cn>i," ,efcn'n"e to ,I.., cnd "f 'he ;.co" a.
the '<,, ,)f God ",ho h.,.., bttu orde",d to ,10 !oo.
,,;11 wHeel the ","lici"" . do."rill c, grow" ill the """I' ami ,,-ill dt,_
ca,,1 'h"" imo 'he purifying 6... "'Kl ;, ;" ,heu tha, j "dgernem ,,-ill
lake pia' . '" h i. ~wn ma' 'Cod "ho is :.1 ... ,,, '~'"'y'h ulg ",11 [,.
th e ju," j lldge "f L".-,,,yme fnr "..."rylh ing rrmd" ,luring hi, hr..,'"
Th< cnd of~" aet'" "" ju dg<meul is I>a><:d "I~~l 'wo fUllIllIlICll,a1
("noq~io" .
1;-; ... ,. C o<l is iJlcol]>on:a1 and ra,ion"] Cfl:"'me'
ha," ;n , h'n,,,,h~
:," i"col]"''''a) cI.. nw l\, which is """''"I>tible of challg<'. 1101 of h",
de,,""'li,,,,. dllrillg ~ c"n,umm",~m. ,\, "rgt,ed fl ier. ,he ill,,,,,,,,
1~""a1 dCDlcn' "f. rationa l err"'ure ;" ill D" " 'a)' hdd to Ii,-e .,
nu i"dq",,,,bn I><illg. The ,I"ali,m '00'1",=1. ;'lCOrpon:;,1" , Iemellt
of" ':'OOllal "1"<:"1\,,,,, is "nl)' COne'"I>1,,:.I. '><>l far1'''~; ;1 <xi ... ",~y
ill mhHI :.. :'n imdl<:clual :.m'~'Clio". Tlu, is " 'h)" O rigen (""",'e",s
" " ~btt . 10. lH 'j; .:." h im " h;"'h is :.bl e '0 dero) I><"h "',u] ~",I
I~"j)" in h~II ' .""ing tha, ",'ha, ,h;" p a'~18~ ,~""h ... i< ,1"" .I,hollgh
'th" """l i. inco'l",,,,al" it ,,iU 1>< nOt ~ lI ui'h"d witho,,, n hooy',' '''
n, i. '"COI]"''''a) ,kll'~'" ,h," is 00' a su],,,i, ,~,OI [,.;'18 in i,,;df: i, i.
"'~)' p.ft cA ,h,' """",,,ne "hieh I"ncrgo;' from ,he 001""11",,,,:,' of ,huI<
"'..."''' ~Ild """,,' "'h i, h ""u i, 10 1/.". ", ali ng of:, ,..~,i"nal i..,;ng.
,~ c.b. V . I~ .
. ,. (A,. "', 9, I "" .... "'. lb. "",., . <JOf "';v_ ."" ....... ". '''''''''~ 'of ,""."."",,'
0< '.\>00, "'f)-'. T,...~_ of tIt".,of 011 _0'. rouId"" i ..".".."",;"c.
""""'''' ,.... Orig<n 'I,-ok of 'mm' "' .IL To h ... jo.lgo-m< '" "I1f1&> ro m.
,",i...., of th< ~orId, .". 0001) '" ,I" '''''''" ,,,,,l ofljl<: 0';'" ~ " ) h< ..,.... of
."'."...,..... "r" ";""'" _ jD>< of ~omo>" ~ .
" . -11... lG, ~ .
, ~ c.;" I V, 11.
,~ sd"', I, PG 12.1001.

295
s.con,u)" ,here;' a unifom, i,y of n"' ure of ratioou,1 L'T<a'ur~ .

Thi, ,lOt;"" """ d. beside thot of c"n';u u;,)" (,f t; rue and d; I<" ,,';n,,
i,;" of Si"""'.ince 'he "'1,,,1, world;' held '0 rompri.., panic "I,,,
,pacc, M.lI; "'I"''''~~'d from C"l"lo ".her, ye. "all ,.,j'~lal I... iog, an;
of 00, "at"re, a nd i\ ;. only 00 ,h i> ground ,I"" ' he j n"ic. of God
in aU h;, dtnli,O/;' ",;th th e .. , tau be dtfellded. OL~"" l y. whc" e.cb
CO",,,",, ,,;wu, hi,,,,df th e re<on.. ", hy' ho ha> l>CCll pbced iu thi..
or ,ha, ranlt of life" , ,n The "'''le
"0<",,, i. fo<u,,1 01 1" "'''&<-"' pre
.,,,,,."<1in Cn"k: 'Th ,,, ,he mal",llou. "01''''' cioo,' by Cod ~"-" ...
i, " ..;ro 'h ~ ra in , whik 'he differi ng ,,;11, a", lih ,lo o ' illed a"d
",gl teJ bnd, ,h()ugb '" b"d 'loo)' arc bo:~ h of 0",0 ,"'un: _. " .
T he ,eo", abou, u"ifo'm,'), of natu'" of ,,,,;onal erea,u"'", ;" a
1"" da""",aJ o"e, For we pen:cplio~ of j ",lgtnl<TIt. '" ,,c" '" of the
",",coo ... of ;, as ''''''~ of boo-uc>. "'"" sronoded 00 ~l" ",,,,;0,,.
Thi, i, "'hy he '"1!''''' agai ,,,, ,he G",,,tic, " 'ho "",,,idor higher :. "d
I()wn mu",,"1 creatu re. "' hciug of ,liifc",,,' ,,",ure :
To ,I""", I>o:m~'''''' "'ho i"tro<h..,.. IThe ,,,,,;on of ] ,ji,.."... ".,"'," T<Ii.;
r.;, ,~. ""'''' '"'rovo-' '" ..., '""''' .",..'" .. MiQ"" if.1h-,- "tU"
0,. doe,ri", ,haT ,be Jc... ",,,I lhe ~w.. d rome 'n-om on. lu",p" " ",,,I
""" Lb. C","lO' of ,h" """d " "00 lhe C":>IOC oftLo 10<1, ,."d if 1-..
",ho ,,,,,le. "'" O Td)- ,he 'l~ri,,,.. l bu, >bo 0,,, ""hI) i, g<>o<t fi". ,hi,
I<.ot""'~ f""" ,l><iT ",a"",;"S"'. ;t ;, '",,,c,',,.Ic,, ,,,,,,,1* fo< "' .. "ho
Iw., l>e<:o!1O< "' the p,~ ... n. rim.. . '-"",d of h""Qnr ;" NI '''''I'''''''''' of
""".-Ut1fon"", rigb.coo. ~b and )'" 10.. "'~ ac<od "im~.rI)' Ilcre
,.,,<ill a ,,-a) b"fining a ' -",..,1 or h,mOOT. ,,, 1"'OOOk' Ut ""od"," :oeool
, " ",,,1 of o:!i,)\()ru)u,; j\", ., Q" ,ho "'),,, 1..>", 1 ;, ;, I..... ibk for.,.,.
"'ho bJ-' t"Ca>O" of ac ... o'da , .... , ,hi, W"< ~'" boco"'c t.: ' e ,,,,,..1 of
di>huI""" '0 1)"ODI<, if tl< ame"d. bi, ~'.p ill ,be ',,,,,,. erealkon.' "
v..,,1 ofh.onuu, <a1l<Tif<, pr<parcd
"ntO "" 0,) gnod .. "rlt;.,'"
O n a"count ,,f the ""iform i,y of erra,,,,.ly """ ''', God i. 'Go<1 of
'he <1 .. ,mo" . a, far a. t heir ,-a.ion i. ,-,>'''",mcd'.'''' "'hi~h "'!W""
,hat God ;, \JOt "'spo,,,:iI>le for 'heir ""m'), '" d.emOTl>: i, " 'heir
free will. "'b,eb is ,....pons;ble fo' ,h",. "" He i, e",1 of !be ,t""",,,,
,~ Not. III M,
,.. I .... , '11.1.10; Cf_ />'w, 111. 1.10.
'D IV>nL 9, m.
,~ G.I. lb, 15.
m 2 T u"_, l. 21; ",-, IIU,~ 3 .- . aho ~""'" 10, 11.
,~ ,,/I't . 115, I'G 12.1=.
,~ Cf. r>Is. IV, Mo

OIJ)" ill a. ", ""h '" Ihc)" an, l7"Wm, III """"'JMtZ h, rrj<e1$ all\'
d.i", th.~t the '<""""co of the dOlil ... Jitk""," fro,,, Ihe e' ,.:rlce of
,b c otl '~r <atiollal bcings',' " He arg"~' tlt"1 ~,i, i'"p.....i[,l" to .,I "u,
that 11", e,,,,,"<c of Ihc d,~<iJ i, rliffi'rcllt ~"d th'" thc d'~'iI is IlUl
,u",,<ptib~, to m(Or.1 impro",mcIII' ,'" ,\, Ih'" I",illl he rlowl"p. hi,
argu tt lCll'. "a,j ttg th.t ,,'e """"", '''1'
'hot "n cl''' wbicb Gllt"Ot '.:<
pmpn-I.,- ... of ,liJli:rcllt " !lCIIC~ fmm atl C}'~ which ca" 'cc well: and
if""", etiti" g hawn, to a" car aJl(i it rau not Itear "'"U, ,bi> i, """,e_
thing aedde"t~i and does ,,0\ in"OOuce atl) MlCn ..."" i11 ilS "",,'liCe
of being "" tar, Th ,,, de,<iJ ;, ""I""."ibk f"" h .. b,:illg ,~'il alld G",I
'i. iD 110 W~)' re,poII.il>l. tor "ir, Therefore, 'it i. the 1110>1 ah>unl
of all aI .." rdit;e, to blame lti'" who ."Iwmif,ed allll cr~ated ,hi.
bei1lg', '"
TI". ,b'il , h"n ' lo<~'am~> ,bil a"d Ihen' "' ... a """"in ,""a lii),
''''hen be "''"' fL""lc"" .i~"'I'I~ . ' " So ,he c~",du,ioJ\ ;, 11",1 "''"< is
So" of ,be ,b'iJ "0' I",ca " ..- of hi. 0 ,,'11 ""!Ctllre, lI"r i, "'IDC<>U<
"mongo' men taU",1 Son of G,~l bee.".. ha. I""" en:al<,i . "eh; it",1
i, is de" th~1 il i. pos,ibl. 'h'" "n" "'ho Ollee '''"S a Soli of rlt"il
,,'a) [,eoo",." So" o f (; 0<.1 , M'"
11 ,< .......... ,'xlt,,,i,.., all"])',", ill order
to grollllll the ,"''\C again" th""" "ho hold 1h~1 " ,I,ere at'< ."m<
ereatur", " hieh "r<" So" of,l<\i l h )' re",>D nf the ir erc.,i,m it.df"'. '"
Thu. ,[", no,;"" of oo<r. .... die,.] tfanl<endence. '" ",, 11 ,.. hi .
iooo'1"'''' '";'Y. "UOh for tl", J)<>""=plioll of (;00 a. "judge ,iuri ,,!! "
c"n>um m.li..,n, Thi, i< OtiC "f the n 'a>on< (thoug h not Ih~ princip"i
..,nc; "h) i, i, t hf\>u~h alld IIl ",u!;h <"'1'h",,;,,<I ,hal GO<! i. i,~'(O",
I~".al land tl""" t.... D.. end<nl 10 "I",e~ aDd tiOld .. , (tha, i. , "all_
OCC1ldcnt ,0 UnI. ,
Th~ "'''"' . I.... u, Ihe ouleom" of i udg<:"' "'" ;, l,aS<:<! on tl", ,i.. "
th., Ih~ <nlire " '"rlrl i, "'a,en.l _,nrl m."t~r (either '>Cell' nr 'n.."
,~ . -J<h..
2(1, XXII I.
'M ~J<h.. 2(1, XXIV,
'" 11.,
." /hoo-, III. Ll l ,
'~ . -J_
2(1, XIII.
'~ ~ 20, ~\' . I. aJ.o " fp, p, !I.,..., )1, !(t)

297
"'011' and """"'I',il>l< of any ,ltcra,i Ol' by 'he will of C<><I: "tt ..
I'<""ill'" for ",a'ter, whic h i. lJ tJ(lerlying aIJ ' Iuruihe', 1() ""chtwgc
q",>lil;"''' (/;uvarnv "",illnv !W""~m~ tl\v " oo... \lJivtIv 0(<00" ro""",,,v
ui.qv l,'" F", ",.'ler i, " h) "."'0' ,uhjc'c\ '" ebang>', "h"r~lion, ~l>d
,ransformatio n'" i",,, a"),,hing 'he Cr""' or d,,,i,,,, and i, capable of
I"""""iug ru,) 'll~,li')' ",jnd, 'he Anifit,,' ";,h,,,", ,.. Hence ""h.~ngc>
occur i11 ' he 'l ,,,,~'i co of boo:lico" .. ~h) God', ",ill a quali,), of onc
kind", impo.cd "I>Ob , hi. p;,ro;e"lar mancr, bu, ,oiler",,,,,!> it "ill
h~"e a 'I"ab.) ofa,,,,thcr kind, on.\ k ' uS sa)" "hieh i< I..,n," ~,>d
"'P':rio:.>r -~ , ,.
In ,;ew of thc,", poni01" iu Greek, ,Iu- aUllo,,,,ici,, of c<:,.,aiu
poi"t< of 1t;0( ran be conftfl"ed. Th", "boo:tily na'uf'< ,d,-"i" of
,b,'"", "",I ,-nr~)U' ohange!, to , ,,ch on n,,,m
tha, it can undergo
"'''I) k;"d or ,,.... t,,fonnation~;' " ,he na'Un: of ratim)al ""'al"",, is
"cItang<.ble .nd com-ertibk br ,I", ""1)' cvndi,i"n of ih being erc
awl " "",I "bodily ,""'"c" ;" "C"I",I~c of d",,,~~ug a' ' he Crc",,,r.
"ill, by ~n ai1emtiou of 'Iuali '~ imo ",'ery, hing ,it .,
circ ,no"auU!
might "'qu;n ... '"
'nis is ,he fu,,,i.>"'e"lal nolio" On "'hk h lit,. rotJC<l";"" of \1",
O"t<"rn< of judg<m~'" i, gIVOm&.'d, h, >tI,.,., I's:tlm I, ~ 'Thucf.".
,ite impio", ,I",U ,,,,, Ix- t"e>1HTC",<d i" j udgemcnt' """mmcDte<1
OTt ,buo:
JOOgetn. m of , 10< ju~ ".,,,,,,,,,, ;, do< ".an,i,iu" from 'he ~ of lhi.
6fe tQ <I", "ogei>c ",hn" .,od jU<igcn""t of' ,h~ imp.Qu. i, ,be ,r:n,_
~'io" f"""the body of,h;,"1<:: '" d.r~ .,,<1 dim bodie., For 'he in,I';'
"." "in boo "",,,cd .>01 ;', thc Konl,eom;ng j'~Iv'TI<"', bu, ;" thc
""",,,I OO>e,"t
Th i, ,,"n,,;,;01' '3ke. pl><. I~"," ",,' i, i. 1",,-";1>1,' fOT God '0 '.ltd
,h<: ''I".. lity' of ""ttcr, ,incc he '; , the treator of i,:'" Irt G.u i, "'
,l.,ed ,10 .. ,lu'-;"8 .. the ,!<struC!;"" of 'he I"m'ld, ",'hid, "U' ",,-;,;,,1:'
c.1I romumma,;"n .. _change. in b"d;,', occur acooroi"g 10 ""~,
'M CtU. '" , {I.

" A di<_o,l' ",ijRitioo; Cf, ~ c...ri, :1010.2 .
~ C.... , \"l. 77.
,~ C.do, 1\', ~7 ,
.~ f'ritt<, 11 1.\,
." f'I",IV ,1.8_

,~ "rp,. I. PG l~ , tOn
'" 1""-

tll ", t",,-C \><e " "t>lX'i", c,r ' a"d ',h" "wl,i .. c(O""i ,u,,,,! of ,h,,,,
h<>di",.~'" In ' he ligbt of ,hi .
". ,Loo .,""" ,h., ",",,,. "'" 'ood, ~''"''''''~ ba<~,-" ,.1 ,'.rthly bod
;..- " .. " "., b<bc--. in the ","u"""tOoot of ,he dead. "., a/l,nn du,
c~."W' occur i" ,~< ,!"aJjo", of ba<" <>. ,;ncc ,","''' of ,11<", ,..lOC~
to",." 1>" ...."." Ul c"'nJt~""" 'f<' rai~-d ;" LnroInJPIM l ..,~ '"'-",,<
""'"" On rti,t,..n .. w- u< r.i.ro u, glo'l". alld """" ""''' io ".alI",,,,
. f f ,ab<"<! in I,o,..er .od 1,0.1;", ,.,,,n " .... ",1 an> ,ai",d '1,; ,;'uaL '"
Hence the ou,<o",< of judgen""" d uring a c(O"" ltmnMion of 11><

"orld ;. a lran ,p... ,;,io ''-, ch",,!!< of body. a ,nubili"" ,,f a ro.ti o_
""I beiDg '0
" "", her rank of life. It i, ,hen I~,.,ihk for h ,"n~n heing.
to bottome "n!;'I . '" For 'ho", ", ho "'" '~u <ttCt",r may beoome a
... gi"'. of .ng,.],'w a,o<l i" .uch a ca~ ' tbei, bod) ,,'iU cha.nge c,,"'
I'ktdy " " d will t"'"'CQm~ b...d)" ""(In b)" Qf an " ngel,,, b(Od)" 'acth cro,1
aud I UUli ,~)01S lik< 'he ,,,," ,re of the ligh,';"' r;" thc ange l. "ho """"
are iT! ' h ~ hc",,,,, wcre t>r<';o,Wo,' m<n wb" ,,,i'"e,t ,",'<ll iT! b,uTlan
bodie" a"d '" <li,1 o,hors btfo,,, ,loom. ,..
tik."i", ~w,., is ",feI""'" 10 th,,,,, who. acro,.,li"g 1o ,]"-i, m.,
ill (K'"'' ,~,. ,;;{". "'~V) "~().l..o.I'II"VU"'(I' 'i n the "-~ ' "T""ti o ''' Itv
tii 0"'''''., .. ) DO'" king in ' hc " " ,,' pure and 'm n~ uccu' ,pacc>
(r"'P"'~.'" ,'",d i, i> lleuor ' 0 li,'o" lij" iD 'aetJ,omJ body' 'va iO.p i<olSitM for hu man Io<;,,!:, 10 1><00"'. '''I'''rio<

to angels., "''''~ t he [.,,,,-, fall. '" h i, 01"" P',...i1>I" for 10""", ,, t~ing,
"0' '0 chm,S'" ranl of lifo .ftee a jlKIgemc n'. bu , ,,, ... main 'men
0;",,,,1 in Ch';",'. '" . iTlc" i, i, C),,-; ., who apportio", the "",,e hcr
; Iag~ and , h., .... hi, ' ;C1O')" wilh hi, f,.id,f"lI follow,,"" Fi" "U)". ;1 i,
I'o"i bl~ for ""'h '0 be ',xpdkd' ant) '",,,,d,,,,,,,ed 10 go '0 a pbce
"hich i. " ;"'0'" '''') ligt" ., aU"]" I" a") <W!\I. ,10"" "ho ~n-
,. Ut. \ '1. 5,
,., cr , Co., '5 , l " ; c.t, ,v, 51 ,
'.. . -11... 13. ~" "'11""'- ~R_
," _ "... 11. :lO,
'.. 11.,
'.. 11"-
". 1(1-, CXXX IX_
'~ ~ I . XX\1,
'" . -11,.. 1~. n
'" _ 1/,.. 10, I~ ,
,,. _ " . . , 11. ,6,

299
110'" human b,j ng> h.,,, I","" j udged in .. P"";"''' judgem~llt a nd

ha,-" h"<:1I f"u" d nei'Ioa '0 (,U tOO m uch Dor '0 collulli, ,ueh (lcee't,
'" 10 I""'mne ..n8"Io. '" Tt""
~" Y kind of 1~"" fonnation and "'0",
Im-;i,ioll i, p....sible "' an ou""''''" of a i ,lg"nlo"nt . Thi, j, lu,,, th"
ide. i, ,,"),,,unck<l ill ~ mo'" gelle",1 way,
h is, 'bcJ"ck> ... , fk>S>iblc ,h. , 0." ,,'1>0 i,,, scro of AI>r.b.", '0 "",on"
01", " child of hi" oJ''''''gh diligroc., . ,od i, i. I"""iblc f",- 0." ,,1>0
i, dtiJ<1 "f Almlham '0 ."., !Kin!! hi, >d, b<oi",", ...r ""g\ig<",:e
.. ~I unculti,-.u,) .. '"
In ';c"- of 1hi, i, i. poi"'"d ou' t h~1 "i, i, I", .. ibie- ohat ",he
","ul .. , "' "r ei1her ,lc-<cc"ol from 'he highe>' good '0 ,h~ lowo" n'il
or 10 hc re"ore,1 fro", the I",,-c" Cl'il to d,e hig hc" g()()(I--,' " a nd
"in ,he day of j udgt,""TH ... ,be good will he "-1'-",,,.,1 fr()m ' h"
",il a"d oh" ,-igh ....,,,. rrom 'h,' " ",igh,."",, ~"d '''-''1)' u,dj,id"al ;0,,1
"ill by thc j udS"mCllt uf God l>< .1~)II<d t" ' h", 1'1.", of which hi,
mcrit> hare rendcr,,1 hi", .... onLr... ,,.
SUh""llIellti)-, ',Iuri ng 'hr roT"u,um arioll, th"" ,,ided on th "
earth will be ,bak "<l while the "'int>. being Ollouutaiu,' " will he
,,,,,,,L.,.<l ;" 110" ",,"'e ay:o, .. Eooch " ."":.,,,, Sa (;00 is '~If., ... led
a, "c",.HQ' ""d ,,' i.. , ami p',,,,.-ici<;nt ""d j "dgc -- _ Tlw he i< 'J,,<k(~"
;, """'lC,1 h"", "Ihe .-ari"". I~..-lic. of "'tioWlI creature>. "",I the
'''''''''' ... orld' 16.0. tit a,&q.op<>. """'''''' tilw l..Prt."", ,-", ,oi;; "",oil"",
.cOO)IOU<; \. '"
In order 10 !(too"d the "01;"" of ""'-;0",' loo,"', O,ig<'" "11.,,,,13
to 1'",,1'" " 'ha ~ffinn, ,h., God ljil-';' t;il).",,,v '0 <Mh 00d) as
hr pie.""" (<\lU.; i)9i~~o .. .:, .. 'k a'll"" tha, " hk~ ..."h thal arc
"'""' '' . "'" tho", wbo are >O,n, ill d.ath , '" to 'peak. "",I ,,'100."' the
apl'copri:,, " I;,,,,,. !:,k. "I' (""""~~IIa"bv'''v l 110" body " 'hie), ;
ppoi 'ued h) G",I fo' <ach onr ill ,.,:conk!I\<O "i,h hi. meri". ou'
of the hOO;c. dw :<n- """,'l)," "
,~ _ ...It..., l l. W.
'M - J...., 10. \ '_
'" Not. rn I n
,~ Not. U 9.8,
,~ U""'" ,h. ~ J I....;, 3.
, ~ ,./t~. , ~, re; IV'3~ .
.. otIh. 138. 1'0 12. 1061
.., !J;uv<ill.!! 1 Cor. l~. 3; :Ill; '. c.t.. \ ', l ~.
.., I Co._ 15, :IIl_
... CW, V. 19,

The ~an"'ipl,' '-;v<>""p!l"';",,,,v. bcing in ,be l're",m Ten",. i,
ind"'", i, ... of lb . concel" of . "n.,," ' aeom. Tbi; i ll faCl impU.,.
,h ., "aking "I" of a bud,' .. ato ,,",c"n; ncc h"ppctoi ng to'" jlL~ on"
hu' 'cgub,l)'. a' thc ."cl ,,f cach "'"(In . p~"r, exp'""ion 8,"&,.0,.
Igi'''' i. "1.0 'lui'~ fit r,,, O~<I' to colJch h ;" w lle"!>1: ,h i< i, ~ fonu
in 1're""m T<m". which in,lica,,,, all action which take< " lace I"<g.
u l~rI)". 1" eo",,,,,,,. !h< exp .... " io" .,,6.:\0.; N,1.'!<'(v a. H" 1'1e:,,,,d) i,
in ,he 1'>" hl\><,. "hich detlol." ac(ion "'hid """ lOOk place ill
'h e l~"t : God ~"ahli,h ed ,h" '<I~n~II J..","" OO(~. h"ea"", he u>llnJ
>0 OUl of a ll ae' of ,"Ii ,ion. Thc", ;, no ,imd ... c-,mdi,)" eompdling
him to ,10 "'. as I "rgu< ,,10011.

n,e,,:for~. the """I, of judge",,,,,, i, a .... arra"1!en'''''' of ""Iioual
hci" !!" i" diffi,c", '",,"" of lif<. T he 1". 1l~ of life. "hich ~ f"'~'ion~l
c"'~",'" "'ill 1", gmnh:d afk' ju <lgc rt\O!llt. ,,;11 be hi. ')"'C~ during
'h " acou '0 COlllC. At 'h" "",I of d-..., uc~l 3<0" ""o,hcr ~o"""", _
""'tMm ,,-iJj ,ak pJ.t, aI.<, anod'eT imlg"", ,,n' ami a:r10~"'r rcarr~,'!_
rtt~'" of ""tio~ aJ bei ngs io 'he ,,,"k> of ~fc "ill foUo,,' OC(On!ibg ,,,
'hei' merit'-
In 'h e ligh' of Ih i. R. Sorabji-, "'l,...,>< nla,ion of Origcn a, en 'e ....
'~;uiug ,10" h)l)(),h,,';, ,hat o,J)' 'hose ",loo n=1 fo""I"'" ,,il! Ix-
rebom ;,-, ,uee","'' ",orld,'" ;. no' eOf""". T I,;, claim o"~rIook> a
f",,,I,,,,,,,,,,aI deme'" of O ,;g.n, ,1",,'!;Itl; i,;,!JOt the relation I"-",,,~,"t
G", I - m~" ~) a, is , w dk"<l l>U t UIC re1~,io" ",.",.-"",, G ",) - ,..~,io"aJ en-a-
",''''" tu,n",l)", 'h" nb,,,,,, of Gnd '0 a ".",rlrl ", .np';"ing"""'.1 ",nlo, of
lite ~nd ,611<-,=, 'l'a,-",". , >Cj'"fatcd from c~d, o, h", ill 'e,Ul' (,f'l""II!J.
HeT"" the "-'>enioh that c'-"rtai n c",~""", "VI;U nOt I,.. rehom"
m~ke. no ... ""'~, an . I" r.et, R . So",hji implicitl)' ascI;"", '0 Orig""
rh e )1,,101'"' co"crplio" a .",J. " 'hie), aSSnO>'" """ e';,,1 bod)' o,uy
in CH" puni,hmCnl and '~""""iuto i, ,,.c,,,,,",,,,. \\1, .. Ori!!"II hokh
i. thm o" cc a m,ioua) Tr<>-'ure ha> ber" e",.'!. he ".iU h< ,hro"gl1_
" ,,, ollhm<, al ,,-a)~ ;', " boiiy: tb,,, h. ,,ill <ertainl), bI: p,,,"'n' id oll
lh e ,uccessi , ... ""orld> iD " ,.., ,",,,'k of life or , " olh.... , ,,ccortli,,!,: 10
hi, meri,,,- If R. Sv"'~)1i ""1,,, ..... ,u)' ,h ... "" " 'hu Il~<d com:c,iu"" ill
tI' e "'''S<' of "'0 con,,' i",o huma" lif" a!!"i,,", ,hi, i. "'" cor ...", .
Fo r a formcrly h"",,,u l)("ing m,,)' " e1 co" ..";on and f<l no' ' 0
'" .-Job. 20, XXXIX . cr. I....,.. 6. 15: ).;"ID .. 15. 15: b. 2' , ~.
' .. R ~ .,. "'-. p. lAA.

""
b< rd""" ill I h ~ h um.a" r~ n l of life : h. ma)' be fO \Uld to <:1<0<""
tmmpo. ;,;"" rith CT 10 " IOWeT, or " higher, r...... of lifo.
Aceonji" g 10 <hi< Ij,ro". ~'" expected judgeme'" a1 the et,,1 of
'he P"""'1Il ~,x.on "ill OM h.: ~ 'fin,,) jlld!l"nl<-IH', "r,..i, i, "h) ,I,,',",
arc ",re"'"c,," '0 " '..
",ond' j udge"",,,,.'"' i m!~\'i"g ,)"" ,..hich ,,;11
takc ~bcc "' ,h. cmi of th e "ex! aeon. Tlti> is " to,,,,iction tmCc
.1,1< ~t oth er 1.); nU of w,i,in g. in Gr<'<k. I" Iwm}" 'hen: ;, cefeT'
""CO !O ',be ijrot "'''''tn,crion' appealing 1<} Rc,'. 20, 6. hu. 0.1..,
men';""' i. m~dc (0 'onc of 'he I"",,' ""urn"bo",,'" through ,,",c-
"'''''I.> ,uch "" lhi" ' -\\~'Q i, h, who is .... "od in " b(cr ,...\lIT",,,;on'
It i, he "ho IIccd. '0 be h'ptized 1,,' Iirc:"" h, the ScH",h Il omil)'
on Jercn';ah he i"'p~c. 'he ' ''me no,;ol1 >""a~i"g of 'fiaure I", ,, ish.
mo"u' ,. '" , ince there 0'" u01 ( 11 1)" ,h".., tar ,,- 110111 <>"Iy ''''" 'pun,
i,how"" l"'fa.l15 u' 'he 'cm"um"""ion', '" lx,' .Iso 0110",', "ho i"cur
a ..."'ond . IOW" a ,hi,d , """ cohd,,,, a "1O,u,d," a"d ~w" a o<,..,,,th
0IlC. '" Tbi. I."er i. cl",,,'" fro", ' he P"'''''g<" "' l.e,;, iCl" 26. 21 ('1
will bring """en !i,,,,,. mono pbgueo UpOb lOll) "hic!! ;. la"-" '0
"d""o'. ~ """,,,u' m)">l~') ". m H i, "it", ;, 'h~\ j,," as u"') ''5<:,,," iD
a ... " (tu,,,)' "I,ich is 0,,1), a cOI~' a<ld >b",kN.' "f h"''''~''I)' thiJ,g'>"."
00 ,he people of l""d ,,~rt: puni,hed fcoe ,heir '"' a, a "'1') ~ nd
"'adow of the ,ea1 p'llli,h Ill ClI'" ." all tbe Plllli-.hIllC1H. ",bieb h ",,,
bttn ",riuen ill the la,," and u,., prophet> actually cout.iu - ~ "'a,I",,'
of ,h,. ",>.I pu,ci,h","n,,".'" So a pun;'h",.", tue si", coo,,, ,iuc-d it!
a ccrt~i" aco" "")" o<cue no( onl) in ,he " ,1""'1",," 1 O"~. hu, al...,
Ul a" ""on after ,ha' , " hich is n i,k. grounded Otl Matt. 12, 31:
I 'H"w-,."~,,,I "'" ..,.'le.'"

kq~ by tl\ri, 0' ''' "" '''~ O1U)";" thi> ..-,,"
lou, ",'cu ill 111<.<OIl to """'''' "'C)" are 11""" .boo, ,,'1>00, 11", !i.:rip<"'"
")~ '",100"0<''-'" 'I",.l> ' If'';n,l ,]" Hol) Sj';';, . 10< ..h.U "ot h .. f" ....
ghen ,,,,i,L,, i" ohio. """" 00' in I10e .,,,,n '0 ro.on~," .. ,d i",,.,...1 tOO<
Mly in 11>< ........ .", but :.110 i" .he ... . n'" . <0""-'"
'"- J'Ih. l.
,~ '-11'" 3, 3.
... LW
,~ '-11'" ' . I
'" Ihi/.
,~ '-In. 7. ~.
,~ LW
'" It,,,- 8. ~,
,,, '-In. 7. L
,~ ) 1.... 12, 3 ~, Mm ~ 290 er I"., 12. !G.
m 11""", u.e W>~..,. if ~.ph. 2. I; s, >.I;o ~, Z, Xl ; I" .~l\'.

0" accou ,,, of th is. h" rde,. th, ,, to "th o,", pe,,!,lo ",h.,.. .iru, an'
,,0' li>rgi,..,u I10t "ul.,. in 'hi> aC<l" b,n aoo ,huing ,h~ whole a=f(
to <",n"~. " 1" Mfh. O rig"" ",,'m, (0 ha,. moved rrom 'his alti
tudo. <>f hi. )"Q" 'h. reI he i. still " nc<rt~in :
If 1 In,.,. ""'r COI>p"""" ,"' '" !U""' ''''''<'.
I ,tu"); ,Ic<,. ""
,he
""" onomh i, ,he eod "f ,be YC", after "'hl<h 'Iw I"'gillt,illg of all, ~t "'r
""'0'" '''''.''. '" il '''")' b" d,." ';11"" ...."r.J "11" COI"I"''' '" il "","n'
o )-= 'of oge., 110< 1'...... '" a~~ i. 'th< e,,{I. "f, .... which 0:"";" 'age.
'0 con,,' ,,-ill e",u', of ,d,;,tr the og< to coooc ;, the bcgiooiog, .nd
;11 ~""'" "",nillg '!!'~ God ... ill '.!1<" ,I", ' ~' be> of his ","",,' in lin,l
" .... , ",h,", ,1 .. gre""" ,ulMr, ",h" ",", "1O~ ' n iU of rh< 1101) Spili'
;, ut"~'r ,)'" 1"'' '''' of';', ')''''''I,ho", 'he 1'"""'''' .ge .. "',ll ., d,,,..
u.g ,h~ ... "" '" """'. f,."." l",gi nn;" g '" ... >d, [~lIe""'l ho-.. he I","
(;o<l[ ...;U di"""IX 'biog> "ftcr ,[M,
I do nO< li,o,".'"
~;uaU). in """ .... I/M. a ,,-ork of tu. ' beological

ma, ,, ,.;,.,., ;t .. ,,",ed
d' al ,in "'iU 001 be " nfQ'W"'" ;"""fLn;,dy ;1\ "',. '~c'On' IQ co",e'.
bu, i, will l>< ~CPl ""~r ,,",;1 the ~C"" ,n co"'". C ...m"'~nti"g 0" ,he
Psalm JG. 8 ," \,ill th" Lord ,'\ off;'l ,he .ron':'. M~ <k; 'W; Ul"W",
a.."",."" KUP''''' he "')'"
Sf'<iling ,,'ill, ~'~31er tbn,,~. 'h~ lmod ~iU no< ca;, oIl'~" rI'" "eon,',
for ;, ;, a l.... ...Jj. qH;'< ","ch tl .., he c . .. , off ;" ""e .... "". "'" ccr
,.u.ly h< ~' ~I c... ...tr Ul =",>d ;.cool. Ul "'e ""'" rm., ~'" ,u, ;, of
d , ~ kit..! ,,h;'-I. ';, ,"" '" I", fOI)l;""" "",her il, duo .eon ..." in ,loo
....-on'" come'.'"
0" ,hi, pui '" O" C mi);h' nu';"" ~ " e,oI"t;o" i" !h,' d ..... <r i", of ,.,.,.
rib'J!;oD of sins, .1,ho"Sh ,h< f""dunomal COll C"!";"", of prol,,"g_d
ti me ",,, ..~iJ,, u nciun);e<i. 'n" scc';o" of commJoItn w"," wrine", "'''' c_
ti,uc '''''>O''I<[ 231 .,,,1 here he ....~m. {Q l<: c~l~.<:<>rical. The I""''''''
in ikOr (" 'ritre" ill 2~2 Qr 23:1 np"'so'll(, a ,.,,,h,,, " "C<l"1ai" ~"itud<
0" 11,. I~);' U, wh~r~a. '."'m.\Iil11 l",ri"~lI ill Cao"""a ill 244 alld 248
",em, (Q e~l"'""d hi. defin;';,'" ani, ,,,.... '"
n. "..,,-p, 12, 10.

,~ .0., X\'ll. 1:;.
-"' .'''''' 12, ~2;
of hi. torue, .,tirO<:
_"l1li. l~, ~l . E."" '-"'11. """""" """'" "'" ~" ..
if,
cr. _"... If. ~ ,f 0< ". j"r;,1'I>':; ,/I "" '" '"" ""''''''' "')
w..,a;m., """"'" 1q...,n;a...,_;m. ...1 nMa ........ fI. ru.;." ... ixoo
n; ............ _ .....
...,. .. .. """ "'" ~..,,, oi..r.i ~ .. ..." ,; ;11&0.;'""',,, ...\m.i """"",run.
,y., _"ott. 16. 22: , "","" ,~ "...".fJJJW." ' l~'~"!'~
i, ~ ltpOlo 10>; 0"", . :>to 10 1.-fl<fWI.;,,,,, oi.M n.;&. "'" ,fo,l9ti. f,,,;;o,y
i~/Ur\Iht
... Cf )hJl:"'''~' Ilarl .,. "'-. pp. 70 1. _ ,. A ,"" ",n'..," c:",..~,J,.
"IU""II<%oo~, bU t"o1fflo.s. t.~ 19(11, T";) IIn, 1'\', 2<S "J,
"
I" .ny e""" Origt, n. ,'m~ i, no' ",m"rullcd "' 'he end of the
p,eooot aeon. Heo"" it ;. p<><'; iJl~ to ''""X of an 'aftd 'he co,,
'U",IJM1ion. " ' de" o,u'g oh~ con'1n""Uor, of .une ,,1"1<', ,he (On,,,,,,.
m~,jon ~l)d judgt-me,". 'n
'he ""0" 10 come
'n", 1h" tenn '~",r ma)', in 'h< fi ..., pl~ce. mea" ' he e"d of the
p,eooot aeon, '" clearly ;n\I~)"iog thm thi' i. no' n" al>V>lote e"d of
tim~ iudr. bu, 01=1)" , O1o",eDt of it. For each of 1I,e eoD>CCuu,,,
aeom ;" un,le"'oo<l 10 be " ~ of 'he 0>/ co" ri"",un of time. '1"11;.
ts " 'h) or,.. ,ho"ld 'l",ak of ","",'W"W. of l;m~. T i",e i. cO"'in"c' i, unde",,,,,,1 to occ ur in thi.
co",i""","; bu, aI'hough the '",orl,l, ' ~" !"'''')', ,i me i, __ The
ti,," of .. oe~, aeon i. no,. a! it ,,.re. " "other ';01'. h ;" 'me ", "d
,he ",me continuum. '['hi, ;. ,u'e,d><d 0" , ,.]oo;;,de ,,';,h lh. "",c,
'ure of the .. ries "on""""" -,, "vrld,. Thi, i, "hy Orig~n >j>cah "f
'tlK- orrler of d,e cm;n:')- af ,"co",' " 'pi 'i}; <v .-run m;'i "L"",'
5'''t6.~ . ,.. and 'the <xt",,;o,, of 'he whole time' ,.ru 5""oni~"'o:;
"'. u),m- ~~~).'" Hk~,,'i3<. ~'" ,,,,lion of 'une comprising "",,,,.
),'-1 b<-;ng 00'. is <x!,""nd1 as 'I'
foIJo,,~:
A, ~I ccruinJy ""' Ioing h." bc<n 0<" ~ill be ,...gIc<,1 b) God, ~, t... al
"..,b ',m" """p&. m.l ~' ha l bo .oould be m:ili"g;o. "Ufld ~hich
;. d"'nge>iok ,nd ","",\>le. Andju" .. " ,liik,.u " .....,... or,h" )'",,<
".nn,,,'" ,loo< ,lilI<-t-<n, agricul,,,,.... j<>/. upon The ,,"'h ",,<I '" crop..
110 God ,Ii""" .... aU tl", """no a, if tll<)' ".,'" )'C''''. "" 10 ,pc '" Q;"""
,,"<tiro\.; ... '" ';"""1'" """"" '''''' ai""R.;.. In <. ch """ of Ih<m 10<
,toe. .... b.' ;. ."a"",obIe !Or !h.' "look. ", ,,I ll>e t",ll, or lhi, ;, <leatl~
""""",,,",,><I<d ""<;.",.t;,h<d l,n.' c;.-:.l "'... """" ,he hu,h ;. tu_ n
'Q him .'"
I'. 11",. "ogfl""" that O rigeo hold. " "",ioh of'a higher bm, CO",
';";ng ,,{ ""0""" Thi, ",;""lc i. "'kl~'" '" his claim that Origcn
hold, a "()1ion of a ...er<:<1 ,imc' . 0" " ,him I c()Jnr.",,,,,,d earl ,,.,..
Sul""'1uenolr It e maxo, 'he Uli ,,~ ke to ",,:r ,h.t bcYOT,d tiHle 'hen:
'" _,,"'" 14, 12.

'" er. "g.,.PG 1 ~.8~.
'" MO<, XX\'U. I ,
... ~ 10, X.,(XL,(,
,~ ,. oloo F>W, IItUI.
'" r.... 1\', 6~ .
.., P. 1","", . _ m., I" 1 ,.

""
i. a "dlangd... du ,al;"''' ,,-hieh i, >om~,h illg "'1"",,,,, C",I ancl ,imc .
"nu. ' dur.li,m j, oakl to be t h ~ng.-lc" on/.,. I'\hilc ;t I..~,. I\ll'hc;o:-
a"",";",,, an' erroo',""u,. I" Orig<" th",, ace OtJ) d,, <I;" ;,,,,, n""ion,
uf ,unc a",1 tinwle""," ~i"i"g ...'p."'i"I) i" 1"-0 .... ~litic ,,-hOch
are dearl)" di"inguo,t,,:d from e3ch ot her. Tho concq"ion <.>f '''"<)Jl,
.iJ1\~ly depict; the i<k~ of prolollgmiou or time. "",I IImhiug hey"",1
lil",
On 'he "' hr, h"..}(I. J. IhhiCk", cbi "" ,b~, ',he lotal;,)' of lime'
in Origcn i. con,,,,, <l of '1h. j"hi!t'" of at"'''''''' )e.,,;. HOlhi,,'"
tha, on thi., poi.n "I.., h e had 1.>" "an, ic-ipa.,,,,1 by tIl e e"""tic.:"
Ub\~)u,J.,. J. Ilanidoll Ill i>r",,,'mcd 3 I""'''gc ill a.o.'''" ,,- here ""
allegorical ""eg~';' of biblical rempon,1 ,,,n,,. i, protided.
On '<COUT" of 'hi' (o"cepti oo of ,ime. """ IJtural ,.,"por,,1 om,,'
,,,..h a. ye",,' or 'd~)~' ~". 'I"i ,,, of... " io.<'1'",,,,,1 ~) O rigrn a.
,,;gr,ifying " "un" ,,",eNiling 10 the 1"''':<I)\i"" uf a pmlu "g<.-d h"
toncal proco" ill thc c"",io",,," of timc. '" This i, "'h), hc '" "ficlI
cHten<ti". to 'entI! , ,,ch .. ',,,,b )" or y.,."rd.l)' ' h" e~"g,,';. ,h"t
(i' e) m~) be f..:"", . "hkh acw,lIy ;"di"",. '~.~'n" . Thus. th" ,,rTtl
~ "'I,,;' n '~) "le,'" lh< 1"""">\'
;.<'0". "he",,,,, ')'<:>'~nl:ty' "'''; " ' ea"
th e l"",t "n",_'"
h i, Dotew"" h)' iliw O . C,dhll'UIl ab" hold. a "",ion of . "ecc; _
oi,,, 3ro", in wh., be "'garm ... hil>licdi I';ew of ,i",e. Ht boldo ,hat
Ih e i "fu'i,~ lUll, i. ,fj,'~I",1 ;h'O ,1 ...... 0 I','';od,. " 'bieb "'~ ,,1<0 c~U",1
'~<,,,,,' a''-''')lu;''g ,,, ""f;pt"'~l t~nninologo. _ lie discenlS " 'I''"-'t aeon'.
I>hich;, th"lime b"f..,.-" en;a, "''';''' 11><,, i, the 'I'",,,,,nt "co,,"
"hich
i. the ,im< ,;n" ere", ion """"rd.; :tnd fi,m]l), ther< i. " th inl ''''' '' .
which i< 'hc '.roo to ro",~.'" 'n" fi",
aeon .. i>tgi"njllg lc" ami
'" J- 1>.....1<.0<. r",,", Mm.,. .... IId",",-", w", ...,,,. J-A. ~,. I.""*",, ,gn
p. ' 96,
." ..0., XX"" . lb .
.M Cf.;..,.... 3'.!6;foJ'.u. \00: - . ".... l ~, ' 1: I~, lI. In """",,, 12, 10. it ~
~ "'" onlr "'., '....y' <1< .. _ ,I>< )w] 'pwU,itment'; ;.l", >rll't. W; 1<Ih, 11
.~ ..0., ),;),;\'11, I~ .
'", O . CoIln....",. CIrul ON! '/""', PI'_ In .... 7",)" dr. ... "'" ... ~'" &.,m <he
~u'" ''I .... '"'''' '"",I< 0" .."", 'pO , . . "i ........ I Cot. 2, I .od ,_
I",., ....' th~ ""P'" ;on oloo",. J"""~ ,I...
~lw;, 'btfoo-< rimt'; , brn<i<oo. y"
0. do<. _ himodf L<m .... "I' tIW ..... ";",, . . .IL
,~ 110/.

"-,, lem,iwlt.-:d ",lieu <"""';0" ,,-"" m.d . Th~ P"''''''' ac<)n h.d a
""
btgiru,iHg 0",1 ,,-ill h ~,.. 3" told. ,,-hich ",ill mark ' he heginning of
the <",11"" at'<jn <0 com". I" .,,)' cas<: C"I~~.,," i, no, >'JOt as !O
1001'- man) aeon< ~". indica,,d thruu~l (he l.nguaw of ill<" ,'I,""
T."ame"' . So he .peal> of ',hr~c a",,", 41 w".''''
T here j, good "awn for OrigcII 10 employ 'he 110.i01l of pro_
I""g.ti"" of tUll~. On 'he cOlltF~r,., C"llmann doo:. not ""Y ", 11 )'
,,,ha, he claim' 10 be biblical tim" . lIould I.. rcgar<iCtI '" eom;>1
olg of ~'''''''. H, ju" ,p\l,:a]. to hihhc.II"""'''g.-s "hcn' he t,,,d, 'h"
tcn~ 'acvn' or '''con' . H i.... c"ivII Ihal the 1"""'8< ill Rc,d .. ;()"
10. 6 ("here .b",, ],] be tilll" no lougcr'\ ,loco 1101 Ille"" lh .. lime
;,,,,,If ",ill b" t<rmina,,,d. hu, j"" me,,,,, ',11,.", "'ill be no ,,,0...,
("Ial~. '" i. '" .k"{',in: ... it> "1JPO'itr (ould 1><. T h" "'111< W"'. t;'r
tci, cl.ion ,h~, li,ne did "xis, !>ofo,,' c>~.Ii"". "'''e<' i, i, g..... w\(kd OD
hi, cum"",io;." ,h .. ,ime i, ""t ~ ere"ure mark by Gnd'"
Accordi "g ,,, Cul1m~n". God is in ,ime "ml ," i, =.,io". It i
...,,,,,,,kable ,ha,. in our day (wh", obe ... is li"le dOl,b, ,ha, ,i",e
i"Q("" is i"~"a"'hl~' (1."' .... <1<'<:1 "'~, .pace. loo'h of , .... '" co",ci,,,,
u' g ..... ",~I;,y\. C uUm""" ciai",. , 10", ,j"", 'i" j" "''''"...... . is ,, '"
""",""'1<'<:1 ,,'i,h ' Ite "rc~ ,io'" . " d Iimc 'i" ih <....,,"'c ha, " '" 'r.",
"l'l""''''~ ""h the c ....~tio ,, a, ~ "ate of 't~"'m<lI', '" ,\U the", arc
1"" " ti,,1 in o,der to a,-oiti ',be <la,.. g"r' "f" 'I'btonic conceptio .. '.
"amely. o.h< du,!:", 10 "-'g;",1 ,h",,h, ;",. bo-u>g ;. 'tim, Ieso '. ". Cullma,to
aI'P".'" to h., h'lO'"ed by wh., h~ "'!I.rd; a, ',L, ,,gt'r' in C",d
(hought.
I" cO'" "'...t, Origtc ... mrm. ,h< cl"", a"d ill "'I",.-..I>I" co h ~ ... ,,~e
bc,,,,,,",,, time and ' p.<e nlld 1"""")-' ,hi; co .. ,,",c';oo Ly me.,'; of
a "", h i.s,jc~wd le,,,,jno~. This i. "h). i" o"l~r 10 sp""k of pm--
Iong.,i"" of om<, it ".s n<c,,,,,,}, to C'I","nd tII, notio" of "",.
c..,.,,, """Id~ It i. imp''''''hi.> to ",,,,a. of p,,~o"g<d ,ime ,,'i(hou(
'l'<al.:i"g of tl,e "",Id eo,mcc.le d ",'i(1! i, . h i, rather through .pealing
of ,I!~ .ucc=";l'C ""rld. iu timo (I"'t the "otion of pmlon!!',,;ou oou ld
be properly ,,,,,Ie,-,.,,,oo, To claim II!." i, i, 1",,';11it- to ;pt"a~ of
,~ 0,. "'-. p. )~,

,~ O. Cultmonn. .,. <it. p, 61.
- 0,. "'-. p. n
,~ 0,. "'-.... n
'M 0,. ri<.. p, 73.

prolo:)olg;>lioll <>f'ime ",;,hOlIl ab<> 'l><ak i"g of the world a"ached 1<>
i" i; L''''tornou,,' to "'pM",ill/!" the "... reali,)' of 'P<'tt-,im e ""d to
"I><ak of 0"'" "hile "" gle",;ng 'I"",e, '11,;" ;, 1" 1, )' r " ..,h ' 0 1"'''''
"ul " 'ha, is ""u"lI) meo'" h) "(,",ne,,. 1.0 th, .sI'"I ... "f ti",.,.
,h,,'
i. 0'clic"r or rec,ir;near ,im~. or other dl<Qne. aWLH ,he '>Ilar" <of
time. which "'." I~tniall) dilCU,,,,d earlie r.
Wbeu <ertaul kiud of IUle i; dr.,m i" "r<ieT to I>ortm) ,ime.
'h i> line ,Ioe. ,,<>1 "", ,,~Uy I>oma) time proper. h r.. ,h" in<ii<"~'e.
'fXU' ;" filM. I""'h l>Oil)' <of d,, line ;. b", a C<"rl'<i" PQ.i ';Qn of ""
~,.,Id in _ . s.., 'h" CQn,'-'Cu,;.-., ""in ... "hieh are >tLl>f>O'< lillC, l'Ou<lcr 3 ~eo.",, <trical ",be me which actll"lI) I"'rtmy.
'h e ,",orld ih i" co=u,;,,< po.i,io,," imo 'he contin""", of tim .
U, u,g O r;s,,", "'phi,,;c"'ted tenuiool,'gy. I ca " ,ay ,hi" the ,ha~
<>f tim" is onl~' !ho' ido'a,ional .. ,,:"",,"00 of th,' ',m,""u'c of d.., "orld'
in ,'" C<>'h",<"t;" " 1"""';""" of mO';Qn in ,ime, Su, I'",long<'d ,im<
aud ;t> 11l'''UU'g ~I'O " "died ,hro"gh a ' ''M/y of thc pv,,;t;(~l> of Ib,
.. nK1u'" of the ",-orld' ;n ,;me. r_
prop,: r <.'!OlOt be "'pn:",,,,,d
d, ,,-,,'gh " d"signcd ",1><-","; ;, i, o'~) spi>!W/ po.i,io .... " 'hieh CaD l><-
1" " ',",,),<,1 ~u'ougf, ",me kin,l of pieou. h ;" ,hroug h ,I", "",,cll,..'"
of Ihe ,,-,,1'I d in ' im<, Ihrough the rcl'p'ioll of 'h~ il\cc'""I\ ' >!le-
:,,;ou of f~i t~>n. in time th at thcft= .. 6"" i, [,cnorn'l amI I~"_
tray 1 tbf<!ugh " 1!"0,"etr;"~1 tigu~.
Thu. i, i, oul) lb"',ugl, ~ , ~ ooliotl of ,1,,. ;""1,.,.,,1,1. as"""i" ,i o"
of .,pace ".-;tll time ,11., ""ch a gco ,""" ic.l figu ", ca " m~k~ se" ,.' a,
" I>o"r~)~l "f li me. Tit;, ;, " 'h) C ullmann ~ctu.lIy """",d;et> hi",
>clfw""n h. r'1' .....' '',,, t;nu, a, a line . 1'0 1' onc< h~ (loo, Ilot "=I't
th e u'!Cp"",blc com,,,,,,io" of tUlle P"'l)C1' to 'Vate. 'here ;. nO log_
ical atg"'''Cn( for lu,," 1o grow,d ,b ~ vie.... ,It~ , ll,i, Ii_<l " I"'nra;~ I~.
11) rca""n of Origtn'. f""<hmct,,~ 1 1"'I'<"ptiot< of ,p"<et;m,, "-, a"
in.. p:>mhl< r~al;')'. in ,h;" chapr th~ t"pie of p,,~o n g~t;"" of ,im.
..
l~.. b<o<:n C.a ""A,.oo th rough hi, not;"n of "1C<_~ i,-" ",,,,,Ido. lno;k..,,1
th e ,u<c""io" of world. actuaUj" indicates ,be Ilux ;11 " prulongc,l
,;me. 0 ", m ~I" argue lha . in the 1''''';0''' "n:dy<:S. th,' oo,ion of
Iimt ,'ould be , ul", i""..d h) a term ,,,ch,,, history'."" 1 ,hall "",
<>bjec' '0 ,hal. \ 'e, ",hat r<.lIy i, ""tory' h ;, ' \Qt a IIv';<>11 ,,-hid,
.. (..., .... r..- n>Om<"'", du ~ .... rocr th" . - . ;. ,"""', j .. <tairung '"
"" b,,,,,,,,, <>D' or ...... ",h<R.. Oris<n', <"""'1""'" of "'" ,""""",n' of "'" _
.. oonotU,;"!< ",,"'h _ , U,.n .i." b , ~ ., ." ..... "'l'.
l<J

,Ad
'OII - (lO', 00; "<Id "JIG L '''''1'''''1 'Ill u "'~ ':) (,' '~"'~J
""',.. ""!t
""'! 'ZI "MI\l I -'!"".I """""" '" 'I' "".T , ~ "I _ _ ~~ ' ..0.11"'11 '11 ..
u, .;p,nd ;;wl\ ,,"jf"!I""IJ" "H.'" "I,,,,,uV I~"J "I ".mJifr JO liu !'''!'ll
'(1I~'" ~J. ,,, '~1!!1 W"""'wo,,~ ,H"" ~,~ ,own .""",,0, 0] '" " " J'
le'll p... >.l!Jll "wN'Il 'H ,i.n"".J 'P"',lI>uu, ~'~l "! " I"ISU .""ib
'''U~,;u~II'
'~m 8uOI "'J pllYOlJl """I '"4 I! '" pLw'_'''''1 ~ JO .U:.limUl ""
.".v, J.>dwd ""'!'Jo "O!l(b~LlOJ 1"",~u"~""!I ,!ll "!~'lm'" l~lIU ~lll "I
-.,,,1. Ulo"J ~q.,."p,", JWU "Pl'"'''' 01 n,-" ""''u '" " .. " ~u,,~.>J1 In
"I' !Oil 1"1' .~101''''\' t~IP' J<},~ .....J 00\ o)! " [wc,"" 1'1 00> )u,."n~J~
J" pu!'l '!'LL "1"",,4 ""J " M L "! '! "' tl~""'l j,,:ro"11"4' ><1 I'I')()!I"
."I_"~)uLJal~L JO ~l ,,~q "il JO .b! !",,", '4' '"'I' p~I!llJ. ><, 1'1'"'' '!
'/!U<Uif" 10 '1" -.UO " I'"'' ' mp \1011'" "'. '''Il (}1 ~\JlPJOJ:n: '~""~1l
""""P"'.d ',()"~Z 4'"" 'Il"'" 0,
p..>,d(O~n~ ... ''''''''' 'P"P' '1)1)\""1 ' "',,!I<>" ''''.10 J1'O" '''I' :o"x~ IOu
QOP '! ",!."""q'" "'0 P.>I:tu!, '! "'!I U "! ,,~od u ~.~'v ,""<)'"l'!X,
q"! 'I'" "'!IU" l"!'wmi ~ ~ I"" '! I! "KI '''!X> '\lIuHl'~ '0 " 'Xlp .m"
'I'<>l'u\, 0, '.l llI",p"'''\, ',,.,. "."",, '"~." "~u,.,, '1<>1<"'" '! 1"1," I""" ~
p.'PJ~"" .' ~no.>"'>.U~ .,~ nl, '-'!"'S" ~'ll. .('!IC..... M> "" I'"",,"j" Jwn' J_f:;
~"o P"" IO':' '''" '''I 0' P'''''''l ,"~ J",,,."O\I '>'" , ,\O,,&~ .... ~'U,
'\00'1>' ~~, JO '>.On,,,1' " 1' J~lI"
,,~.u " !I"'" '~'I' l).;on "!,,,,,, \'\P. ,~ ', "!-,!\d,,,!S ""P"~OD"(J) "'''Id
-O<0l!'ld plO" u' ''I1 llO lI"~Jo." 11'11" ","VI .n""~""'U P~"I "! " (]"V &<;~
0' " ""41 V "! ,(w''P'''V "uO"~1 ~'P jO ''''''01' ",/1 J" >wn ,'~, 'V
'''\J~>J'\\\ ''''!I :tu"1 ~ J'1 "'~4do<"I!LI<II"I"'"L1"1 1'>0<01''''00 '.""'Z "
11'," ,u ~I''''' !'V J" lIu,u,"""" "'LI. 'MI'P' ,' IIUn,,,,, ~UJ !'J" lIu! ,I'0U '!
""'1' ""1.1. ."., ~"!"!"" IOU '~ .>.JnlnJ "1' I"' .>JO\" ,'UR l!"!"!,,,, W"
'" I'v.d ~'{I ' '''I"o!'u>lX> ,~ Il,,,,,,,d >l{1 P'PJcii.>.J ~ II ';)W!' .10 ""1"""'
II"J "4 ' "t"cii~ p.,,'R.o~ ,~tP ""'10" 10<1<1""'$ pu~ "'~''''''!'~A "'{1 00"
'Il"U' 0' ...." '''''''''S "1' ,~ Ip"',u "l~"'!'V 1'''l''' P '~q." '! '''LI.
'A'!I"'J JW "n,!"",,, ''''!'
pu~ ~,.('" '" '11 "~J ~'jI "'.'![>"! ~,!~." "O!WU '~ I ~''''n''x' J",I '!
"""'! H '~wU u! PI,o,,,, ~'l' 1" ~"U ~'{' JO Id~.1).Jod P"~ ""! ,,,-\.1"''10
u. "''1'' "ON'! """J)O J~U.w ~ 'V iJ{""1! >1<111 JO pt" ~ "'11 'Id,,"
'''~'I~ '''' I"u~ "11 U! ~I'"'' .0ol<'q ",to '''''!' ' J.>UJ H <'~'" ," "nil
"1' U! ,""mo"'J~lI.'I"~IILO'" "",,,'X,' ,1'1'0." ~'I' .I" ""!"I>",,,I '4'
""r .\..Lo",,{ IOu <[ i' '',,!l"''ldw, l&.IodlU'''"""Uoo. '1"'''J~ ,'pUl'ULJ Jl~
,..'Il 0 "OLL~O"(),IO""
'"'
,en,,, or ' I""". The S,oic<. '0". ",g~rded '" <tal (0,.) oul)' "ha, arm-
aJ!1 ..ltim ~nd ,,h., """,,'WI{y ~~i>u. To ","I~ ae1uaIJ)" , h.\ "~. ~,
thi. I'Cry lllom'''I1) i, " di(li;r~nt litl f"c.(. 'fun"r"j lind of "Ii,y from
th < l""'oi1)li,)" of w.I<i" g. "a"l<"ly, ,I>< abili,) to "."Ik a' a,,, r,,,ure
"'''U1C''' or '0 )~"'o o.l3d.,. ",allcd. 11,,, 'hc "ut>tand;ng ,liifcT"<"ncr
li.,. in 'he Stoic ,icw or time'" ex,""'""'. Although ,lte S,oic. ]>OIl'
1\(1, .. ,( ,ime as " """,e.1 eI"m"" , ;', ,I,, mak,"ul' of 'h< " 'o<ld (n01
mer"d)' a, Ih~ '""",Ix, of "'''Ii"nl. the) ,lid n", make much uflh~ir
d;"'o,"o,.,.
Thi. ,ie.,, ""mo> to th e furo onl)" ,,'i,h Orig<n . It '''''' wi,h him
tit ., time;" ..-g:<nled both an elorucut of 'he crc~tion exi"iug in
i''''1f .."'( clo,,"l) IU""d wid, ,,!,;<ce. '" d"" 110 ,tee",,,,, or Im'" ""'Y
t~ giwn ~I"'n from tl~' ''''''ou of 'I""" . O rig<o trea,,>;! '1''''''' \Ogl..1h,.,.
~,tJ. ,im<. TI,., i. wh)" th e n"'~)Il of uilk ,tand. 011' i" ,h. lerm "U~
~"p<.,ftiV(JW. This i, Ihe fUl"l"ncutnl ""d crucial cI,,,,c'" which. in
tlt e ,J'"'l' ,,,,I. i. "h!CUt frOUl 1I 1~1I)" ~Itciet" ~ccou "t> of timo. And
il is onl)" on thi, mi>lea<ti"g ground , h ~, the d",(ue,i,', ~fl(\Jmc"'S
chaU,"gi"g Ih, 'ealit) of til"e """ld "and.
In Orig<n. ,ic>,.. , li me;" a oob;ro/ ditncn.mn of I)", ",'wl,) akmg_
, i<le "hich ,hi, wo ri,i e.i .... T hen: i, no que"iou of olltological
cl .... ifICa'ioTl be,ween rm.- ~"d "., _ _ .. '1"",oon. which h,,,, I"",,,
gi'-'TI '" owch ,1i>c""iOl' uutil our day.'"
We ha'" al,...~, i )' ..:en Ih~ 1 h,' (10", 110' id<'lIlit), tiN "';Ih .,.~'"".
AIw, h~ dt~" II<~ n~<d to cnn,idec "' hct her time i, or igill.""'>;! ill
'''''';Oll. or ,icc 'T".,. For th< (ldiuil~)" ofti",e .. ,,07uiu: "",I d",,,,,,
,it:>. co"" il"'" ~ " objrt,;";stie ,ie.". of ,i me "o~.dope'Kic))1 upon
mO/ion . He ... i, ,,'h~, co",i""" ~ "ep beyoll,i tI'e acrow'" of G"",k
philosophy, I'lawnisls. l'e";J""ctie . P..pie""""" and C$"{tplaton;,,, b:,,1
to gi'" att .">CCOU"I <>flh< rdation of time 1""0$'" '0 ""'ILvn, In them
all (d"pile thoir dineI"<n' cone<"!,l i"", of time .,./"," "PP"." a, all
intrim;" no,;oll of Iheir Mfini'i ou of time. To the Stoic< t;me . ,
6,m."l~" ",,,,ti, h\ ,,,' ot<'''Iogie:,1 prioril) 10 mOlio1l. n,,';r lreal -
me'" of Ihe probk m. h""'.,,,,,. kft ,h.;m ,.,.,her ",l n era~l" to criti
ci,.., hr other phi("""I"""". a. \0,' h~,," .ee'L
lJy eOlltT"-". motioll i. '"'' 3 notio" illh, .... nt ill OTig~o'. '''''IC~I'_
t;O" of .ime. ~" u '" be dcf,ned il i1\ a mOn: ,ophisticated 3,,,1
.. Orig<"ll. I """'~r. w.. .rat ~i< b "" q"".a... of d... "luion of tim. """
""'.,,,, . C~4 ' " a. pp. 311if.

ol~e'i,'e mann,,: he introo 'lte<l 'he 'e"" OV_""~ft""",~WIV. whKb
exenc<! iO dt" i ,; ,..,~" ;,011"""",, "pon tci, 'ue ........,.... Ori~o, " orld
;, alw").. '" Iffl>Iior, (0 t><"'" ,I"", hypo'hetical 'JuNi"", "f. j.... whtc
'lime w"ho'" d .. ,,!!,'''' i, a pvimle .. ",hobutici<m . n e ... i, c<o~ i"l y
." o"'''logieal pri",i,y of time to motio n. yet ,bat ;, all. '" fa, the
nallu,,1 theo,.,. oftirne is cOllcerned. ~ I ()t"'" ha." cruci,,1 "",I ,Idini'"
1''''''''''' ,,,,d ,pa",,-tin,,' e~ a, 10''1; " ,~",io" ;, n<:<ess:,'Y. Tu"e
i, .ll obj<.,<:t' w n~Ii') . d,men,ion Qf ,h. ,,,,'kL Thc,,' i, no 'C"
'OD ,,, I~"" 'he ' I""';'''' of a 1"",';1>1< "()De_,i"~Dcr of ",o'~", . ~'oc
",n,io " i. n(j, '''"y 3 llaiuM of th,' ,,:~I ,"x"I<i, hu, .1,0 i. " .....,,~ r"c
tiDal go"l to be f"Hill,d. A, aJI}' ,mc, Urigcn h. d nO re""'n '0
I"'H' ,be I'rolol"", '" '0 " 'h",), e, Om" '''''... exi" wi,), ,,,,, o""io".
b<,,~ u,. t'm, Pn)I~" i, ~ "-~h') cm.cI) ",Iah-<l '0 ~ " l " ol"'kl~''''''''''
"1"'''1 'I""'~. ~n,.. i' co.<~i"illg with i, . Once God i. the en'ato, of
,imc. th cre i; uo n:""'" not '0 "" "'''c ,h.t 0",,, wiwo,u H'Otiou
'''''/;/ 001 exi" . 11", 'hc actu~1 I)()UH Ul QrigCH', conc"p ,iou of ' I'"C"
,ime ,,; ,10 re""", '0 God i, tb ~ , ,,; ,hont motion time nd 001 ex.. ,
a, :.11. 'n.., '''''} cxi"cnce of ,ime prop'" has ~ en,cial ' ulrin,;c m,'an
u'g. cl"''''e'''' ""d 1"''1-'''''''', ".mcly. a rai"",
>ah,,,;,,u u ndc"t()(~l as rctum '0
',IT(. "hieh i. inckd
'he ,hin' rc~lit)' aud dciflGltion.
To "ri, 'e '0 rdle", On ~ ,im. "i,hou, chaoge'. 0' , ime "',,hoo'
m01ion, roD"i" ",,< nb UH"Uct,,,.iJ ",ere;'" ",hich Origtn did nOt n"'--<l
a, ~U . To him i, "uuld b<: , m,,njugic .. q,,",,;"n. , ' o li rd~ 0", of
'h" 1''''1''''''' of hi, 'J"",~~.. Id aI,,,,. th a, '"""i"u' i, ~ penn.ne u,
cl,.c""teri"ic of hi, worM. a, wc ,hall oICe in ' he "ex' chap'er.
Through ,10 .. conc-tp,ion of tim" "" """", iail), being "" ;.<I;."ifm, the
",ab,) of ,im .. i, dcarl) .mrmr,1 ~"d 00 i, its d"", rOt' ''c'<:'ion <0
'I'."" ,,"d. ; ul ..... ue"~). CO mOtiOI'.
It I",in' ,"h>Ch ,1w"M be <hldd',ed, howeve', i, " h<the' pro/qII-
go/uJ" i. " u,~iou wh>ch ,imply indicat", th< cou"'" in time. 0' i, h3'
fun!'" uuplicalio", whKh nent",.JI), COme", pena iD to time i,,, I.
An :<row" 0" ,Jcis has b)' all m",.." 10 I~ "ket> . Th " ' IUC'I 'on "'j ,b
n.-'pee( ,'-' ,10< nu,ion of ,tlIWI1i'Y i, ,.-hal J ~ tn go,ng '0 di"", "c.,.
,., cr., '"" =<tn...., S. Si<m""",

66 {l 91591, W' 16.1 SI.
"Tom<' ~i"""', ,~", J - of I'''''''''''.

TI\IE A;'': I) C,\USAJ.rIY
lJcsp;'c d,~ tiCt ,h" O rigcn i, mainl.,. i," c,",,' ] ;It ra,;o",,1 crea_
'u re. of thc partic,,!..r "I"'M .... ,her thau th< 'p"cc. ,bem",I,,,._ br
,10<, OOt j"il to ",for 'u mo,ion in gtn"aI. I" ,I';. ""tinr, 1 .haD
discu," ],0" 10, con,ider.! .000011 anrl pan;"ubd) ,b.
(/JU#' of i, .
Tre.,mc,,, of thi, q"",'io" ;" ,ul'I'lied in G ,",,~ ,,-'lraCl> uf 1'rW,
;u wcU "'" i" <ko,. A _ " ud.,. "f, loe>< ptoi " " ,ho". ,I.;"
tlK- cla;;iflCa,iolt
of m01i01l " <ka l' with in qui,. a .)~",,,at;" "")', The I>oin .. ",h"",
,h c"" ""all''''' "1'1"''''
could ~, 00 ""r bt """,ide",d '" ~,cidcntal.
For i, ., '1 ",cause ~'e wad,iug of 11,. C to"reb i"dude< ,I, " ,Ioc"i""
of 'Il< ,igh",Ol" judgemen' of c,,,r ,h~' O';g<n m" .~. ,he " " '~',i,
of nK>1im, ;It 1'TiN:, in 'h c be!(inlt;ng of ih)k Ill, Chaptcr I. tha, ;"
n, ,he nu""t of hi' eXftO"it;on of hi' doctrine of frtt will .' h ..ho"I,1
It,. cmpl,:"iz.,] ,10:" ,I", r'; ", ,;oo tor ,I", d"",iJirati"" or mo,;"u i,
,b . ,."." of il.'
Mo,;,on 'hen, on .cco,,'" of Ill<" ",.~ of i,. ;, ,'4 ... if..,d in 'he fol
lowing catcg<'';c,:'
I . 'Iolinn which is ca LlM f",m " 'i,h,,,,1:' ,10;. ;, ' he mu';O" of i,,
a"in "," ,hing>, likr ',,,,,,,,, "",I piecc> of w()od . whid. ~rc cut
OL" of 11" 'I " a,ry or I""" 10,' ,hc IK)wcr "f gr"";''IoI"', ,I"" ;"
' h~,8' which 'a", held ,ogether "' e"'ly by 'h eir for",'.' 1" 1bt
,.me <.leg"') :',." ;"d,,(].-d ab" d,,,,,, <.iI<d 'po"-,,bk d,;"t(S" ;"
ge neral: 'h a, i,. no' i".nim ',e 'hin!!, a. aIM". b", .I~) Ii\; ng
The .. ok ,1 ,J... <h,p.;, ""< \\"011....

Th), P""" "" .. " ,~ t,,,,,
, ."tedj. o.koo onoJ 11 , Ch.,f,."I.; " 01..." ,Ih"""-'
un. ........ (OO.~. f:..Jo.' ..... "''' 1'! I~ "'" I/"",h*." 1 - . 19>6,
p, non",,",,,,,,,, go>OO "''''~,,;.-'', . 01 ",loch I p...,wh . n ;! "'I'd ", tIW po;nt.
er SI"!' 11, '6 1, 2~. .
1'1.., Ill, l.i ; Ot()" \'1. I.
01<00-, 1'1. l. ftOK. 1I 1.l.2,
J_ , 111 .1.2: 0.0,. 11, I.

TU'~ "..'"\} CAUSAl.fl'V 11 1
,hi"S" . "ch '" ',he l>o<li.. of li"ing "",alllre>, a. ,,-dl a, I",,' able
plan',;. Wh,,, i, ill COl1\mOn in ,he", motion. i. 'hat all of Ihem
ha\'~ ,he" ,,, ..... 'from outs,d,' 'I'~v)' Ihcm ,
2. ~ l",jOt' due to d ... tlux of bodi<->' ,~, p;)a'" , ..... a"",,"'Ol". It i.
'L'l",1 ,hat ,hi, ",01ioll " 11",' indud~d 'in ' he p,.."""ll discu";"," .
na",d)" in ItiK.' Still ,he" i; rclN<ntt '''' ,hi; ill rho... thi' "''''b'''u
'I'P~<> '0 'hi,,~" wh,ch 'arc Ill(wed hy \';n"e of 'he f.w ' hat all
l>o<ti .. ,.,.., in a su", ofn,,~. 'In:y d,:,,~y". Thcrtf"'rt. ',hi; 11\00ioo
"hieh cl",)" havc is h""'I,,,...blf 00''' ....<:'00 "ill, [heir ",,'c ",f dt'C~) . "
3. ~h>liOt, ill ,,'hich ,Ik' ca.,,,, orio" ill 'he ",,,,; lIg \x.<1.,., 'n,i, p<:r
w.ill' '0 ,ho,"" 1ll0H,1 'cid,er h)" their O,,"ll inh<r""' ","me or
",,,1'. " The"" "n: ,h iu!;, 10",;"8 the ca"", of rUOIiob 'in mcm
",I,~' ." rou'o"l," "11\;" kind of mOlio" al'P~"' l>Otb '0 inanimate
'hill;;:> ~lId ~,-ing c",.'u"" alik,' , "11,,,,, Ihc foUo,,';"!: ""b-caoeW>';<:S
call be di.,oomed in ,h;, ca",.
". Mo,ion of '111<1"1. ""d r,rc and '"''''' "l'rill8' of ,,'.<tM"', when:
i, CRb be ~, i d to 'ha,, 'he ",,, .. e of ' heir mo,;on in ,hem .. h,,'
h 'a~to" & hu, ri). ""la_ <0"
",.""6<,,,." O,<g.'" >I~'<:S
tha' 'Ilwy k, ... ,he c." .... of ~ .... ;, ,uQliOl' '''' i~> ,h,m..,I.... , r .~
ia ...';w)."
h . .\jo,ioo of '"u;rua'e," or '!i,"',!! =a,urcs'," wh ich ;, calk<l
mo';oo 'from "';thi,, th'm .. I,',, '6., ' tau' .... ," Tbe<c '1;,';"8
ere,,,u"", "'O\'~ 'from " "I I"n ,1,,,,,,,,1,",,, wh"" uw'~ an, ..
"' ithin 'h~m an image (",,,,,,,;0. "hich <.11, r,>rth an iml",I",'.
Sf'';'>gIn!: from ', 1>< imagin"I'''' n,">re ;<' tin!: ' he ;mpul,, in
ord<Te~ m<Aioll'. Th .. i, ki,,~ of 'natural" mo,;oll related to
me na'ure of a certain anim,d. For iru;t:lDtt. 'iu 'he .pi~"r, .u

;""'IIe of w~.''''>g " "'eb 'On"" ,,,,d Ihe unl''''"'" 10 "'e",'c ;,
folio ...,: ,hi. imp" ... to "e~\c i, rda,ed to ,hi, an"",,1 h.."" ,,,,,,
!hi. i, 'h, na'ural m(KIF of it, exi"cIlC~. Tt", ..am. h"PI",n<
''''''. lll ,l.2; 01<00-. 1'. ~: .00. 0.0,. VI. 1.

J""'. 1ll . l.2 .
01<00-. 1". I
~ ,;,0., 1'1. 1: """'. ((1.1~ .
, '''''', 1ll . l.2.
, , ..... 1ll . l.2.
" Cf. 1_ wj "' 1', '98. "-. "1,1 2: 0>. VI . l.
" /.,;"" lll ,l.2.
" %IX, \"l, L
~ ftooo<. UI.I.Z:,;,o., VI. I.

",;,h the 'be" in "'hid>, too. 'an im p" "" ,,, I'rnd"c< " hon.'}"_
com l, aru.:.. X,,,,,n hdC"-. animal> i>c.,-oml ,hi. i",",,~oat i ,.,.
.",h, n' . . . po,,,,,,,,, ""thing e1:'. "
<. .\ Io';"n of ,...tion>.! Cn'~'U""_ 11,;,;, d;fICrenl frum ,Il(" m"';on
of ~n)' other li,;ng c'''"ture . For 'he 'r,,'ion~f a n in~,1 . , . I.,,,
"'me,hing "",re ,h,n 'he imagina,i ,,, nature. "amdr, "">on
.d,ich judll'" the imp ul;.c.; ,orne i. r<jcct... o,h e" i. "ppro,-e.
nt: SO ,ha. , h. c"""' ''' mal' be guid1 in """,rda""" ,,'i,h
'h"", I~ "~r im:.ge"" This i, "hl 'he motion of "";,,,,;J "ea'
''''~. i. '~g~,d"d a. mo,i.,,, 'b)" ,h"m,.d,-." (6,' ,,~, .... ," Th ,,,
',() deci,le '0
uo;c ",I"" h.. h'I>I'.,ned either in d,;" way or in
tha. i> ,he ",ork of bot hing d .. b", . be re,,",," ""idoi,, 'oo. "'hich
.. , be ;Jt<roa,j'-e' ~PI,."\r. ,id,,"r ibHu,ure. ," ",,,,,,.,1, 'he
hnp u ~e. ,ha, ;"c;,, IQ "ha' ;. good and S<:e0\1)' Qf cl... ""'''
u, ...H~, 10 ' h< "'vc",,'-." .';0 ' h< I....""hili'<, of "",,,,-mpl.tillg
WM~I ~nd C'."I an:: iui,ercu, in 'h< '"""r<"
"f rea"",_ It ;" 001'
off<)Uowillg 'h"'" comempll,ioo, ami chOO>ing frttly Wh."'Hf
h,' ,,-;,1... '0 chooso' lh~' ~ "'~'K>nal Cl'ealO"" is ."I~<:<I either to
p",i;c for eh""""I: ,he good 0< 10 I,t",,,, for choooi"g ,10., ",11.
It ;. Orig",,', \;,.... ,ha,
",,,en,,,1 tbingo do "'" lie "'i'hin ",or po.,-er;
t"" 1o u;e 'hcm in ,I.;, """) or ~n ",hcr (.i t"'. ,,', h,,,.., ""'c;"e,1 f.,,
,.,,, "> a judW' a nd iO\~"iga.or of ,h~ " 'A)" ill "hid> "'e o"gh, '"
,Ieal witb each of ,h em. i, Ou r "',k." It ;" Ou' of the", con,i,km_
,io11l of mOliou, ,I"" doe id,.. "( J "dge",cu t m,ke. >cme. For ,",h ~,
;. mainly co",;ticITd '" motion ""n' from 'he frttdom of rmiou.>!
C'~" 'Hf"' . On ',cco",,, of ,lci . no ,..~oi"nal cn""'''~ can '"'1'''
pcr-
....".1"''I''"".bil;t)"
'10 t1<"", ,lie 1Jj.a,,,. f()O' ,,h>1 '" h.I'p"'" to u, "" <"m,a! ,hin", .nd
'0 I;-<e """,,1<0> f"-,,o oro,o", ;, w.< c\<cl.";og !h.'1 "" 0" W<o "''''"
.nd """"". ,,hicb . I'<' dr.ggcd "10"''1( Ioj-' age""" tha , u"". !h"m f,,,,,,
""MU', .. "<id"" ""<OM """'''''''''', bu t ;, !h< a.-gun'"'' of. n""
",ho ,1<';", to wr"~ict If,,- idea of f= ",11."
, 1...-, III.I.Z.
1_. III l.3,
, UQ., \1. I.
~ 1'mK, 111.1.3.
I...., 111.1.30 111 .1.5.
H 1'mK, 1I 1 1.....

If tim,. i, of u"portan", m O rig,"', "mkl, ,I';' i, so bee." ", i, ~
'he "~"n";"n "I" ,.... !hi. ",...w. llIk ... plac~. For time. :.hho"gh fu,,'
,bl1l"ntalJ)' a """".1 ekmen' in the con";,,,';on of errati",n . ;, ab<>
rq,>3rtbl '" th e ex,,,,,,i,,," ... here th e ",ill of God a"d the ".. ill of
mti",,~1 e",.' ure, encoun'a each o,h. On 'he onc hand, ' he
"""h:,oReahie "iU of(;od is O1"n;1<o<1,,1 n, r,.rt.,;n li"",,; on lhe OIber.
c",a !\. ,el~' " 'ill <omc. '0 ,baJecl;caJ ,eh, ion to ,he "ill ",r God,
Thi. ki",1 of aea'",,")" _tU. ;, pcn;ei""J "" frco m"r~1 aC';()Il. ,,,,d
,h;" is the ki"d of mooon, ... bid, ;, 'he '\lain ,heme ,,f Origell',
,h,.ology.
\I"e ..,t, ,h'Rwn:, ,ha, he hold> a "'crticaJly' hroa<kr c<meept;<)u
of cl,, "orld 'in tl... ocn ... ,ba' cI'e ... a", ,.Ilk< of br. ab",, " nd
""c\cr ,Ik' human unc " lie alou h<:Jki, a 'hnri'O"'"U{ Im,,;,,;ler CUll '
e"p,;oll of time liu 'he vu;c ,ba' til1l" i, <xte",kd LcK"c, '" ,.-.. il
'" nrttr ,h;, ""o,, !. i\ccor<i;ugly. he bold> a hroa<kr concep'iou of
mo,ion co!"i' ~' rittg cI,is n",;n]) '" r......, moral "",ioo ,:oki",; 1'1""" ;0
'his hroo"kr 'P""~ " 'tnc , Orig"" ;, ,,,,.,,,,. of oth"r kir><1> of "'OIioo
.1,00, " di,,",cd i n 'he I'",,~'iou. palS'"" Il o"'~""". I", i, not int~r'
e",,1 ;n ,b .. ", ;" 'he ,,1nl< wa)' that h.. " Dot illt<>(C,1 ;11 !he "",
utal c"" iroTullem of 'he ~artic"l ", ' pace' comprisi"g ,IJ" ""rid. ID
,he ~,"'e "";11. ,JrnQ1,,;b I", kJ>o,,~ lb ,,, tin", i, a ""t" ...~1 '''~li')", he
m:.inl~ COtL~<k" 'h~ theological, 1\0' the natud ;ml'hC"~'ion' of ,hi,
f'('~Ii').
T hi. i, wh)" bo,h ' ho,;",",ai" 3",1 ""<rtical' arrallg<mcllt of 'pac~,
,;me art dq>C1'<knt 0111)" 011 ,hi.; IUnd of 'mo,;oo' (".",dr, fttt moral
actinn\. Fo' the eo",ill uum of ,;o,~ i, arraJIge,l i" c", ..""",;"e "" ..,'"
"hich ha'" d" ....,ioll d i f'('cd~ rcl.",d to free mo...~1 ~ctio". as " 'c "'".
;n 'ho 1''''''io\U <eel;'"" Only th;" kind ofm(~ioll i, ,a"'" in'o acWIIO'
"' 'he ti me of judgem<nt, n ,ero;fore, ,hi. i, 'he onl)" kind of m",';on
which <I'tenu;II" not oul)" 'he ,Iumtioll cI:"" aeoll. h,,' ,I"" 'he
"""'''getlleo, of rn. '"'Xl ",,,,1,1 tlh'" i,. the ',..,ttical' arrallg<'''''''' of
'I'"CC' umc I.
Thi. i. why Orig<n doe. 110' cOllf",,, hi, ooncep'i",,, of l;me '0
'hc 1;lIu" of th e Sh)ic tho"gh,. lu .h~ fi,-", place, be c'Dpl"),, , Sto;e
tcnll ;nolog)", ye' ' he ac,u,,1 ;ml~)r1 .nril~"c<1 '0 ' he lel'l' " ; , qu;'e
d'lk,..,,,,; motioll ;, "'" "" ""ueh 'he natural onc; m,bcr ;, ,uggeM'
h< <",alu",!} action.

'" Cl ",,., Ut " , , , "
C ertainly 'he conncr.';(,)Il 1"-1"-~CII ti m~ alld h~a\'ellly bodi .. i. not

ignored ; time <'-U1l> a, Iou!!" ... bca,-eruy bodie, ""'"' "'MI \;cc ,-""' . "
T hi.;, , he ",<,<ni"g ord ,~ ,erm """"""".1".0,1'..... N""'h,,.... h",,"'
.'"er, i. j , ",,,,,,,..-1 lh" tin,,' ,,,,i.,,, 0.'
of lh, "',,"enW'" of h""""'~~
bodico; t inll' co..,.i, .. "'i lh the m. b'n ,hi. i. an ind<I.:ndclll eI, me nt,
... it v.-c,"", ,d.'e,1 to th e '''ructu", of ,I .. ,,'m-H. NCl'cnhdc" .;m<
;, <""" octN! ,,;tI, ",ooion. the tonn "Illoti",,' "ocall ing free c",~'un:ly
'leti<>n. "Dd i, ;, 'he ro,,,,,,, ",he", lb i, action cau be ",,, I",d. So
time >AMM eX;" .""'.,,'" (here i. a motion (0 lak, place. h ..,,-ms
though ,h.[ Orig< n 1"'''',,;,....1 do ;, q"<>1iu!l i, w.",... ",,,,,,,cr .,
wcU, moh(,O ""'.Id
<xi" '; "cc 'hcn: i, 'he ex"'';Oll of time for du.
," ,ake pL.......
W. a] ... "dy ,aw Ihe cn,ici.", lh~t I~,~i"u' dirtttcd agaim' ,he
SW;" fo< dctu,;ng time;ll ",b,;on 10 mo,ion, Hi. argunl<'''' "."" 'h~ ,
th e "'0"" "ould 1.>< u,",hk '" "')" "n),hing aoou, tim" if the,"" wc,""
no mo,ion a' ~U' Origo n had uo "''''''''' to (kal ,",,;,10 ,,,ch. '1"0.-
'; 010 ; "ill he p"",m." a 1'""",,",1 opinion .bou, i. ,,'ith oot na ,ning
,b e problem "~pl i<i'I)'. His ,i"" .. ~,a' 'mo,io<" i, a r~c"I') of ,,,,i,..
,,~I Crea'ures alwa)" "cti,~. 1:\) ',,,,,,io,,' a' 'hi' 11OU" I", mea", free
a~tion o nl)". Thi, i, ,h" """<"'
for the ful~"" i ng porti"u of I'ri"" to
he "",k,,,(~,,j :
"0 """''''','''' """ t>'e pll<. in "") I,.::.d)' ,,'10;':10 ,10<. "'" """"'" Iif.
n..". CO" li,i"S "'"-"S" <xi" ., ~")" oooc w; j},,,,,, "''''''''''''''.''
It .. ol,,-iou, rn:" he", I", ,,f"N (0 f ...... 0",,,,,,,,,,1)' ,<cu.."" h~ sw , ~.
accordingl)' ,hat ' ,he hol)" .ngels and "the, hc~\"Cnl)
po,....... , , '"..,
,",,,,blc of rcehn~ ""d of mO"c""en<"; tor '"h.,' 'i' ,h",e i" ,I\('m'
i. ' rao",ruil r""h"g ""d mO"<!ne",','" Abo. ' Lt i; ""ta;,, 1l~t1 no l;\,_
ing e=turc ta .. be altogc,hcr ;Ilae,i,.., ."d i"""",'.ble. b," ;t ;.
'''ge' for '"''='). ;., d of ,,,,,,..,,""" 1 a .... l for co"ll"" ..t ,<"tio" ""J ,oli
t;o": and it i. d.""r, I lhi" th.l thi, ".'ure """'~" in ~II h"ing
I",ing>. ~lL!CIo more ol'C" m"" a r~.ional being . u~h "' ma" [,.,
alwa)""Sag<d in "",me mo'~m."lt or acti,; ')",'" Again, -d .. , ",;11',
D .&'J. 'I . J'G 1 2 . 1~~1 , lint, :!(1J2,

.. t:-..<., m ,l,8,
~ 1-"', 1.1.3 ,
R f'oiot, U.8,2,
N f'oiot, U Il.l.

rre.rlom ol",ap. mo,',. in tho direc.tion ~i'her of good or "il. n"c
tan 'h" ra,ion.~1 ..,ruo<:, tha, ;. 'he ,,,i,,,1 ", >0,,1, e'-or ow, ",i,)'"",
",,,,e """'e'"eo' ~ilher guod or "i1.1I G i,'co lhe I"",;c"br mea"
ing .",ihuted '0 'mu"cment" \".""']~. w '"u ,cl)' rre" ac,io" i" ~JI
mnb of life) at ,hi. poi'" "'i,ho'" naming the que"ion of time a'
all he I"o,ide. an answer to .n)" I"menti.>l tritiei,Ul. ,,,ch '" ,ha' of
I,(~j"u, agai"" 'he S'oic "iew of ,jme . \\1,,, doe, Origcu mea n by
,h,.", smc",","': TalUng imo """"\1nl tha' h"", 'mo,-.",<o, "'~
'r"", mor~1 aetion'. il is mU"~1 i nM' i,';,~. ~, ",,11 .. mor~] "eOl"]
it), of an)" ,>C'i.... ,. tha, .. ac"",Uy ,knie,l . 11'0,14 in G,,""k. "1oC_b ">
""'''''.7oJu.. Can cOTrol",rale t hi .
It i, cloa, ,h .. "'"'''' ,,"'n. "lo>o~d "i,h '''''''''''. " .i,he< a So" of
God Cd. SM of th< .h-il; ;n ",h.,. ",""lo , h. "",un;",;u Cd h< doe.
(W~ COOO,,"t ,u" g ,,,O tlto... i. ""'bioS b...,.een conu'litting ,iD ",,,I
"'~ CtlmiItiog -.in .,,:&vC>; 6vro.; p<t~ ;; ,.,;. a<t"i. ,~, "~~p,;,,, "";
"'" ~""",i~\' "~ . ""lv. ","I if 10< ""''''''''' "". ~" COOn" fron, d",
,hil, if I,," <loeo nol " ""n.i, ,qu. Iu- ha. I""" lo:,,""'n 1.0)' G...J,"
,\llho"1;b ~,ispoitn " ",,Id be lake" as romi,use<'''' 01' 11,,, L:o.~ S,,,,,."
h~,o Orig<cn "",,,J, ",,,_,id< the Sloi" 'r."Ii' i"n. in 'he ",,, ll~,' he
L~k,", a Stoic ttoe,;i. '0 th. cxtreme. Tb<- UOUOIl oftl", w'cnuidia,e'
""o,ll' '0 h.w~ he" , i",,,,,I,,,,,,,1 by I\ ri""". ,h~ popil of ZCIlO a nd
"'00& critic of hi. 01""". ", hMc ,Ioc,ri",,", "'cre nOt nl"ile ld b)'
Ch""h", ",,<ICh'y,i]!!,"'. I""er lh""g)' lhi. doctrine ,,',' COt,, -
monpl""c a"ributcd 10 S'oici"n, T hu,. ",;1io'" arc di,' ;ngu;"J,oo into
'h"", ""'S"';"": ,he: 'go"d docfu' """~,,,a, th.. ,in' lo..npnlPurn
and lh~ 'neule,,' ("';&1pI." Origen k"e" lbe S,oie 1Io,jo" of
'j"ditfcf'et",' (u5,690f1<t) "tt,] ,ef.... '0 I b~1 i " Ob," H. abo " . ,
a"',,..., of the ootion of 'iOl"""<<lj,,,,:,' ~oOJ"." ah'; ,,"" lhc '"''''
"""up(l..o~,,,,, him,,If." '11><:,. , i, Ol)C el,'"' though ,,'he,," he us<" th"
" '''"''. lII.l,5.

" --.)Mo. 2(>, XlIl --.It"', 11. 1~, ru.. IV. 15 ' 00,..,-.
~ The O!..l S, ... h<1d ID<: ,Iu""t<r ,,r h.nun ex4t<""" .. .J~.~, heilljt ..-..._
" od ~..-dt) .u.,~td"" "'"-'" ;....""idi,,. po>i<ion k<~ ... " U.. """ 'Wd U" fool.
M"" b.ad aJ~"J" """" '/oWrrlJ to mm, cr. ;n; Ill. 188 el<.
" &"I,..."" f:'., It , %. 18 W; ,n: Il l, 1:16. II!If
" &/" \ '1. n Cf, I. 01, IV. f), VII .10 INf to S<" , ~, \. 36-
n fAr. U. 59, l'rw. HU l a, .--J.... 20, XXU,
~..u>.. Il l; /mK, 1ILl. 19; 111 . 1.1:1; - - , ;.... 1. XIII; 13. "1lI1.

'" Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
tenn ' illdiflcrrnt lire. ,,-hioh i, "either good nor bad: a"" " ", .11 which
th e impio," . " d n"ill~,I, a .... ..,~I to 1;,,,'," lbc nOlion that .imply
' 10 "".' ;, ",or-,Ul' ';ndllf<",,, i, ;11 ~( a S,,,;c ,..,,,....
Orig<'n h", impllei,'; ,ackled t he criticism of ",,,opj.,,,,,,;,1S a!i.i"_,,
th e origin.l Stoic d.fLni,ion of time. Si"ce O\-cf),h; ng apart from
Go<l i. iu time. there rH,," be " ki",1 of ""otiou ju"ifying, '" it ,,'<ro,
th e CX;>l<1l['C of ,ime ill all row .. of life , -llIi, i. 'he pcopc, ual free
(f<~",r'# ""riOb . Tbi; i. ,,10)' of all kind> of mOlio" lhi, ;, 'he 0'"'
of m.jor 'ign;foe~nc. ~"d an"""on ,
FoUowing frum 'he J1lall tlCC, ill which 'he S'o;c I~ml motion "
""nb ,, 'c,j th e ucw impo" ,fuc,(ji;ffi nl>O\ ... ex.<",';",, ' i; 'he miitnt
,,'b,'''' lri:,1 of free ,no,.,,1 ""nOn lake. pl.>cc. \\,hid, "wan' lhal.
t>C)ond ,I,, m ..." "."w.J ch,,,,,",, , of thi, ""tension. the,,' " 1n0'"'
to I.. C<)n,i~ereil .bO\n it> chardcr. In it i, """'J" ",,,<:<I:
t'""n ~"u~" h. "Y'. until 00, <I.,). ,,,~I '"'< did fl()t ~.t<" to ,10< '-01
of ,he Lord 0,,"' G,"I . ~ W. ,u"",d ",,,I w< <1.i<1 ''',. ",ten u",il """-.
lh,,, "'''-<
""-"Y ,<tun""". and I"'gll" roI"-<No.on '",0'",....,'''':;, Lbe)
.. ) . 'We "'" .... ""n~,g .,,,1 we d ,d not li'k,,. For it ,\oe< t"~ happen
~e .;n ' " lt ."",.,~ Iilte" ;",,"e'(;>1,",;-.
,h .. '0 ,,'anll<) 10,..,,, ,"e.", th.:Jt
,~<", ;, ,~I of >on """" 'im< ,~, l"'op h i .u><Ww 15<'" '0' ju,t ..
';01<' "' .till "'qui"", "itl1 c"re for ",,,,,,,d, '" it i, al,., "'itl1 ,om
iltg rii; t.,o,po.,;; "", " I) ""t! po",l)" '" Got! for c,","<f>ion."
The Ll>" of tom\> .uch "-< 'n;t",,,ed - \U t",,,, ... ,,,,,,,,. 'h<gi " "ittg-
lapx~v). 'for tLore i. a nccd for "'lDC more timc' . at yUp in XpOv""
0.;1, 'for tbe ITt um' IfiN '~10t_1i:; iJl(~catc. tit", time i; "Ot .un
1'1) ~n extell,im,. I~" i, i, th. , "'""'"' for f,~.., "",ion '0 I.., n;~liz<t<l .
Time ;' then ' ho ";&0 fQr trial tQ I~~c 1'1>., a tri.1 thal ;, a
,-h.lkn!!" IQ f'<...""m_ T he QUtcome ..,f thi, ""'!!!lIe i, Lhe ","';t;o"
to lh< <In-iL which "bo "ct> ,,',I hin time :
~ -JM>o, 1(1, XXXIX .

~ O. ~IP. t. Ii. ~! : Ill. 17, :!O: Ill, 17 , 21, 1I1 ,:IlI. 6: [);OO, 2 1 ~, 16: 'Jd>d,
:11; 1. 8.
, .1<"'- ~, 25 .
~ Iw(j,,_ 5. 10.

The ,biJ h", b<><n "ooomjl1ing ,in. f".. "" Iorlg. 001< ,,,,,,,,,,.:wO..., .
..,,<~ ,h. ,.".1;"" .,,,1 ,I.,. d",,'nfall <tll"jlo).,j of ,/1<' ,,"O,ld, )'" 11<'
,""" 1100 .... r,.,. or,), r,,.,. 0' ... 1,,1" 10, I", ,I< ... ",,' d"",,,', t1I""" ,,"'''_
;.nnte"" "'hi(h ,'".n< f",,,, G<><I"~
Time;" tbe b""lef.. ld of 'hi> tria~ thi; i, ... h,u /in",lIr ,ho .... wh'"
,he o'e.,,1I i. 111 .lEx. Ib~ ponioo Ex. 31. I ('And ,.he Lom >1"'ke
""'0 ~r, ...." say ing' i, <.... um~nt~d ,Wl th u,:
It , , " . ~ I,,,,)' ,L), th., tht ,,"''' "'iO(" God "'"pi \I .,.... "-";t,,,g
I:><tb", ~,u'S hi", U", la,,' .rthough ;1 ".,." r:-=ibk Wt hi", ,,, ~\"
"'" I.. " iu tIurt " .)". B", It, d;d thl'l ,., 11.. , t1I,. om,' of ~I.,..,..
>!..,eoICe ,n..
,h. ;"'pien' ",10,,10 ,,'" hodoh' in the <I"poh of ,h. Je,,'"
h.,it~
nm' lu" e ","'lu", Ib e ,,"" ue "' I,,,,,, f,..., aCliou i, e~I>OS<.-d '0 ,';,, 1.
It i, ' he knglh " f ' imc, " hid, of,~n le,,, th . "hilit) "f ~ c.rt~in
"ni''''k. nU"Hi" ", length "f time . o",;(i",tc "'HjO' cbalknKC to
acti()n. Ilu, ahhollgh length of time i. " no""' '' fo, 'he '1"alil), of
action '0 be ,,~. i, does toOl in iIsdF CO,,,,,i1\, 'e a" ,Ie," "'" of d,e
'OS""(" of mo,."Ii,y. It j, 001 th~ I,,"geh of I,,,,,,. d" ring ", bi( b a tit " "
is ~"~,, of ,h< "'om of God. "'hid, i, of, )", ",,,;n ,;jgel iF.;t"C<'; "h"t
is iml>ortaot i, moral .crio,,, i, ,,,1f ,h'olJghout timo. TI", )"''''''8e .\1;011 .
19,30 ' ''''0) tha, arc li"" ,hall be \a;t; "" d 'h' I;", ...hall he Iir;, '
;. lake" 10 'ugg<:>1 I b ~ \ IhOk ,,'00 acCC]!' th, (Ii,"it,e wonll.,,", ,h""
other-. 'ill< n'~ hi"do,."d by time' ("'- ""~ i p ..a;~w"" xP/WW "'"
wi. ijot'P<'" ~"".w...a"", Whi<h "'ean, d"" !he <] ~C'l;on is no,
100"- long un" i, a fai lhf"l hut ho" Cloru'~'" i>cli<f;" ",,,1;,,.1 in
actiOlJ.
Th"", is an <x,eo,i,.., 're~"nem of th;" point. There ;" nl!<> npl'eal
to Heb. 5. 12 ('For " 'iJ,- n bc'C~u'" of ,he tim., 1t.,6o '0" X~QV )""
o"gh, to bo, t"""h~"' I." in <ltrl", to aH' ,),," ,10" ,h''''' ion of ,; m_
p i)' kno,,;ng the di';lJ~ L ,,,, i, "01 ,,/lie;<n' 1"''''''IKo.iljo'' '" i>c
'f,,,,..Wha' ;. of pri",e ,;gu if",,,",,,,,, i. ,loo d",atio" of .ct ~ '" acc"m_
I.l;"hing 'hi> ,caching ", a (ont"''" ",ctiou in ,im",
Al ~1 i, i, I""'i"'" fu, 11 ...... "ho ~.m tu """'00 loor fu,w .D~ eD<rg)
,,,"'n~,,,ly on ,I", "''''. f~, le .. lin" ~ith'n tru- ,-;"")",,d. (0 I"",
.. .d&. ,..-:; 12.2I)1~

.~, PG 17.1f.tf.
., .--1/..., 1.1 , ~ .
.. IhI,

'" Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
can;",j OU' , WO'. "In;.] to ,)"" or ,I.- .. ho be!I. " ~<><lcing ~"".
d.",,, IQ,- ,).')-- did no< gc. ~, ,;",1 .. ,h..".. ",h<> l><15~n ,,,,,.-lcing ",'cc
d.",,"
I" "",,,].. , 'ho p.''''!!''
J oh 2. 9 {',\ftCT time enough h.d 1'''''cJ hi .
,"'ife ",id \""0 hu,,') ;. rotJ, ,, ,,,,,,,:d On 'lIuo:
l~ ~I I... " m;ili,~,". be t., h i, .Jt<r mllCh lime I..... elapsed th.,
h owl>: for i, ;, t/"", ,hat 1_"" ;, m"" ",al...,,,,!. W.. ~ ",-a.
<\l,";"g boo~ fro," ,h~ r,,, ,h."
he "loo ,,-.. ",n;,n"g h.W 1>",,,"
""'''' ".-,,,.)< "'== "oh< "<Wh " tunc .,Id from 0 ... ("" t/"" bj,
h,,'I'< ,,'a, ""." to (.ding. ~ ... He " ...."" o'-.,,;"},oll'1l , ;tI"" by ,he
k of m...".,y. '-"by the LI", jmrly <learn of hi> >OIl>, nor I.)" t/", w\'1><~k
ble to"",,,- of 10 .. t.c.l)". "'" I,.,."
10I>g time,"
Th i. ho,,' time;" cOI",idcred a. 'h ~
ex'clI,ion for ,n.1 off"", moral
act;",n : it <,o m as Ih< ;nd;.]>< " ",I>I< mcalL, t(" fn;,<lum lu l>e r~.l_
izcd . T I,;" i. also ",here ,be di"iu.- oi . """" ia ;, n\aJ~l>:.tcd ,
11.> it haPJl<"" ,,;,h ' he '<"11no 'motio,,' and e~"~';"",, qui'e exr><c"
...11) o,b" . S'o;c "'"n, a.., 01;0 ''''gued ~ diffc"''' ' ,mporI I.,tinj"l!
On!:,,,'. aim. T h". ,he S'o", "Olion "f time a, a n.wntl mea,,,...,
of f",'nc" . ",1 .Jo,, ne,' is "l'pli 1 a .igni~c.u' I'u'l"'n ,, hich
dc!IC"-cs '0
be ca","..,,,,d.
In the .-o",,~t of lime a di",,n,io.m "f Iif.- "he,," ~

ronc~1"il)g
dial.-:clical relation b,,,,,.,,,,,, c.rca",,,,, .nd ('.od take. place. ,h" i.
a60 rtg.o.M"d a. a ' mca,ure and cit~no" of both f~""",, " " d Jow_
nc .... as the S t ,ric~ mcd to <icfUlc i, generally. in .dditiou to ,bcir
fu",bmeb1al "kw of i, '" a n '"""",;On of nl(J1ion." Ag~i n we ('U,
'"'" 'h'" O ,;;:<n fo'm~lly co, .. ~Ic,. "n,," in ,hi, -",oio: "" r "hid, ~ ,
th i; p.ni.:ubr point i, ,\';'tot.-]"'n. , ...... , y~t in ",I",,,,,,,,,, h" ."nb-
U'C ' to d,i. "otion ~ <lilli-",nt impon: t1~, is not" ua",,"1 co n'c n' ,
hnt a ",ornl onc. lu m<mJ"" he <"'O !ll e,, " tb ,,,:
~ .......It..., 15.3'- Orilf"" ,..f,,, '" ID<: p..nI..I<-"' \I.,.. W, 1 16.

~ -;.0. 2. PG Ii til.
~ """')00. Z; loo,';"
~ Sir. 1. 2<>, 11 12.
, a Sl'f; I, Z6, 11 12.

A,~I if..",,,,,,,,, ,nigh, .", ~h)- ,h. friend. ~"..,.., L". ___ 0"" oI0<>0J1=. IQ,- ,h. f,-u.,td. '0 b< 1.,< .. ,d " ... (I;"",,,,"
'0 be prolo"g<d, '" "'" th" jo" man "" ill I", <""re;"'d for mon: ,im<
...1 "ill "'''''' ju,tiIi.,hl) 1>.' ,,,;,,,et up by God."
Acwnlin~l ). in 1'riM i, ;, .ta,,,,! ""It

oot""';on", i, doe> ''''' '"," ",,' '0 ,be O<I'-"""'W of ,"'- ""00 " ....
I-.<.kd 'hot ,hry ,ho,,1d b.. 1-.<'*"
quid!)" "'l""' " if. tl .., i, ""'y ,""",
Wk" of la..."",I.", in'" dillicwtie> .,,(1 .f< "'<n <a>ily r<h",,1 fo"",
"", ro,tdi""", i,""
""hi.el, ".') I... ", falk", 10,. ,k"l~';"g !IH- ",11 ..
"';"8 e.!), of ,'ur< .,1(1 ''''"''8
no i>~u';''''' og,,;"" f.l~n8 ;'''0 i,.
th<y "iU ftod ~",o""l.". in i, k.r", >"011(1 tune, h, de""JJ"8 "i,h "",10
""""'''' ,,,,,",;',,,. ,10" clOl".1 God. th,' ",''''c i,,,, of ""'''', dooo!!, "'b,,
'~oc-"" .n ,hiug' bofu", 11,'1' come '0 '''' .... iJ, ho good""" "f,';o'
fro", """jj"g thon "" qtD.:R, 10,11' """,;9.-t'" ,~, tft)[tltlp<rv . pIo.;
0'''0(..; Milt .., .nd, if 1 nuy v "", hdp! dten' I,), ,tOO . . Iping
ok." .. ,!co, b",og qu... lJy ,6x"'" tun .. d .001 b<cn boal,"" byolai;,.
iog fu<gi'''''''''' 11"')-' '!.ouM d",p'''' ,It. .. "",od, of ""'il' "'i.ck,d".",
1.-;''11 .... gI,' ",,,I e. ,) of "".., ."I.l,y fOO" ,"oi, foo'
n'It, ,in, ,..hM:b tl"')-' ,"0,""" ;111 op.;n" ,;""" "hen ",,",- ob.ndoned
ilpOwo'
,. O",y lh",1
..
"'" )~I fuJfdl<ft"",,,,,,, "'"''''''' ,,, b. ,.n,,,
t<) "'0...."n,iun"g '''P''no.,,><e, ~,d, .. _ ,1,1 p"""'"'' ,10"", from
,~,ickh' ' QXi<J ~''Ij ogaitl i"tu ,1 .. ,in. i,,,,, ,..It;eh d",), ,""i I"'"'i-
"",I)' Sllo:n .. , God is <o<, .. ti"..., 10,,,; .,.i
",,,,<ti,,,,, >Iow 1"U., ..,i
",","""" io doin~ so"" "-' ''''It,''
A, no",h", I~,i",
,h"roo i " ~~l'lll~"io" of Ihe "-d), in "'hid, G,.r .
o;kono!l1;~ is m3"if""..-I ,,,,,,,nI.
men. T his ,.., ill ;ogaiu f,,11 of 'em
po,aJ ,lOtion, ;" dicati"g do:" ,hi:> 'oi kOttO/ni," i, ,,,,,,,u,,,,,,d -r""d
(' ''l'''''), '~d (l\r><d>''''' i, ,,, '''ul [",' d ~~ '''lUW). or .f'er lon~
,irne' r",,,,pov .ou.jo XpOV'l'." [n 'fImm.llaJ1 " is 1~)ilU1 ,,," ,h. , fi:".
!!i'-en"", of,i ... ,,' ay 00"," '<ith"T ,I""~r or f~",,'.'" A, 3"0,10" poi",
of th< "un< ,,""k i, i. nho ".,ed ' hm "forgn",,"'" of ,in, ",.ch",
dU"g:! a, ~I 1() thus<: ",.!to C()\",lft"""j
0" "'>5 ,10"
fo..gi"'," .... i; be-",,..-,-d
~ ""'..:;... 2; "'- ,""

~ D.,Oej s....""'J. 12 .
.. /.,;"" 111.1.17_
" 1..1.
" fi.<lo#. 38),

Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
""o",.ding '0 ju"i<:e, ei,her lhi> f"rgi,-en,," <om .. le"" IlIpri5,,,v) or

",-"-,,,," ,6x u;1V ~."
\\"1"" \.-" " , Ihe,d"n;, .. Ih .. " ot "',., fn;e m" ..1 "ClOo" t., I:.,.
1'1"". ";thi,, ,ime, bUI il al", is ill a"","", judg<."1 "'e",uring of f"""e'" 0' , Iownc ..
1h . ,,,",,I.-,,,, t,,,, ,h~ racuhy of ']>\J,<"Ci'''iog moral "Clion. "'loch ;,
co,,,idc,,,d . T hcn;fof>;. ,h i, 'ime i, in p.inei]>k an eXlJ;t"io" for moJ'"~1
acti,,,, to 1>< triod ""t . 11,i. i cg,,,,kd al", a. a '"",a,,,,,, and cri_
tmnn', ,~~ '0 much f<.r m,,:!>u,;ng IjIIORhtJ' of time). b." m.'a,u';ng
qo;d'9 lof on:~",.dr frcc ", oml .c,;on , 'lime i; 'he c"co,;ou "' hcr~
f"""dom Os lri<:<1 0\". sin .... ;1 ;s only "';Ihi,, lu"e ~,al c,...~1U"'I)' ["'e-
dom c~" mak .. -,<_n", .
"rhu., th~ di,ino oik'~lOmia ;. manif~"ro in limo. lu r<ali< ing hi.
oOkono,";", G od act! 'quiok!)' Or ']0,,1),'. StiU Origcn adhere! '0 hi .
'-K-W of God ', ti lUcl",,,,,,,,, "ati"g ,hat. althougb mtionw beinl:' lIcc,l
, ime ;,-, order !O <"<a lite t ltdr tr.ed"m. God ,I"". Oot o<-ed lime in
orn"r 10 man;b, hi. <>ikonom"' . With ""I><ct 10 [h;,., a po";",, of
(Ilfflm.l/atI i, ,wnh quo,i ng:
,\,"i "" M< oh",,1d h"'e .") ... ~"";"" ih 'C(,pting ' he "r;"~ ,it.>,
h" ",~o ,,,Id 11 his ""lof,gi,,<:, '\1><:1 gm-, ;, to ,It, poor. bc<:oooe> per
!<et .u at ""'"" ~. The I>.'-"'I!iog> "'"Y 1>.. ){i\~" "'-eT ,oocb ,in,,.
,.1 ",och ri"", ;, ,......w.1 (0 giw ,h" to ,10" .1""""",,,,;0.,,,1 ]>0<><.
but 'h<- I-"\<,,, ;" \,,- no " .... n. h; ,.i<m! Iw ,;no< in o.u.r '0 ~iw ;"
propo,fu" to ,/" thi,,<:, gi'-cn to th" pO"", 00 cl,", k ",~o ."cd u,
"""~ " o'a'uocr t.,)O" l'"rfl. ,\"d ;' ;, ,!.oar .b", ~e ~'l", ca<Tic<1
'"" (/"'''' <ked> ",ill L"" cll>ur< iD 'he h,,.,",,~ be..'omif'g hea'~
'0'" him ..J["
Su ,h. 1'-'8\1, i, in t h~ ",,-,.1<1 acting "<Iuicu.,, <>r ,Jowly. )'d hi,
actio" i, m" ",iJjcct to Ihe " "IHF.tl <011 fin"(]1"n "f " cce.,itr i"'I>o><:d
" " tJ.., t<ml~"a] mli"na] ="Iurc>. So the p"""nc< ,,( Ih" Log< i"
,i rue i. ro"cci,,,d in a wa)' Df i" 0" -.,, God. ,''''" in It ,; ttmlooral
I' ..... "c~ a. Log..... dol"hl~I'" li",e 1')-' ,-inu,' of I,i. I,..ing '''''''U'n-
dent (0 time ~ " d ,he "'C",'W of it_
'11",... i, ,kn O'IC mot< <lilf"",oc< I"'I.,,-ccn Drigeu a,.l 'h< St"ic>.
T he b"e.- h. ld ,h.t 'all I>t:ings at< i'l time'" ami", ",M 'heir god,
~
~
_'IoU,I,H.W, 11
C[ sr~~
~,
~ _ Iu.. l S, 18. ""

" 5n; I, 26, IJ- I'
~"
321
by rea..:)!! of hu being imm anrn' in ,)", "rld. Th.' gOlI of 'ho S,oic,
;, I.)und, .. i, '.e.-c, wi,h time, I" Origcn', ';C"', on the oth<1" hand,
'"U I",ing' are '" ,une' m,."",
thal aU ,".I<d
I~'ing! Me ' " tim,.. h
" lIw "0,>0" of t,..~"s<endc"ce of Coo ,'i ..:i-\'j, ' be "odd 1h:'1 allo",
him to "on,,;der 'he .-cblioll of LogO$ '0 time ill 11, 0 ''''l'
ca n,."...,d
e"rliCT. C"""uc< nre 'in' bH'C," OT 'maid ,ime.'" 0" the othcr
1",,,<1. the no'io" (J: time h."ing I>N:" created by God, ., ,,'oU '"
,h,. re""'!"ion of a world bro<o<kr 'han ,bi> "i,;bl. flrmam<1l'. allow
'0 "'gani time in ~ mo,,' fkxible "al. :U a ma"cr of r"",. Origen
8"'" "--' f.r a. '0 .,,,,, rl a no,ion of rda,i\;1y in the porcep,ion "f
,ime, ,. ,,'e ha'T """",
H,." "" he ;. "'" iblereste,l d,her ib , h. m",ion of inanimate
ol~c". Of in ,hn, of aJti",a), cau .. d b)' impub",. 1I".id".. he ,1"OIn'
,he "'0""""'" of hC~"'t~) bod;". a< vani') '. " A, an)' "~I., i, i, nOl
'",',," i"df ,h" he i, I'reo<<<rpj~d "' i,h, ,,",,,,,,,,, is but. ''''I~~cmcn ''''
formi"g ' he '"ITOLJIJ<1i"~,, "fmoml "cti"" " ,bich i. tl,e cmcial i",,,~,
He m~k. i, 1"',;",,1), d.ar 'hm 'h"re ;, ooly 0"" kin,l of mOlio".
"hich is of ;,,,""", '0 hi"" ,Ici, i, moool>. "'hich;, rh~,-...",~"<:d by
,he (o<rel","d boUom of p<rsooal 1',,,,.<10,," ",,,I ,.....I"',,<;b ;~ ').
Till" cach i"di"i<1l1,,1 moiollal crea'urc foUo",. , p,,,,,,"a] dim " i"u
",hid, ;, <1c'~nllill,,1 by it> ""'" fTcc ~e,i oll , III ,hi. eOl''-'': 'ho,,~4,.
God i, regardl a' ,mall), impanial It ;, ,;guif"""" lb." Origeo',
eo.-""";on 0" ' hi' 'I " e,,;ol\ ;. so ""'ng Ih :" he 'I""'"
of "he p"i"-
cipl" of impa"i;,\i,y' of God. 'n,c nQtw" ,u8g>"t~d i, ,ha, Cod hy
110 mea", i,,'crfcT'>:' ",i,h crea,urel-,- frec,]"",:
All ,I.,.,." '~""n ,,, ,)'" ''e'Y k--:... " Gorl ''' I'''n ..... h)' the POW" of hi,
"iO<Jo,,, . ,Id di";"g,,;,h<> by tho oon,roIli"s h.,1d Qf hi, jud""".. ,,,,
. 00 ,)ou. I., b.. arr.o~,,1 tlto "'"'''ro< "', 111< pri''''ipk of the ""'"
inq,,,,,la) ,,-,rit.,tiot, ""'1'"";'''0 "-,rit.""",,, W"'"'''' 'fuJ""ujo\, ",'rool_
'''~ .. . .oh 0"" ,b.,,'<> IOr I.. ""ri, '" I., ",,,,,,,d or c,,,,,,1 r",.
IIc,, ;" i. di,play! i" i,. ''''''I'k ... ,,,,,. 'h< I'ri,,<ip\< of imp..ni>bt~'.
"'I",,, ,1 ... ;""'I".)i')' of ci"uo'''. n.-"" I'''''''''''' a" "'1".li,) of ,...",. ,-d
" ,ft.lt."- .81 ,

" ,ftJ_ 1;,ftJ"'" ex.
" tA" \'10 . ~
.. .--.I...., I,
><II'!, li3,
.'\.'\\"
_"17""" I, .'\"10, ek., fe r to K""" a, 19 :!(I,

Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
""'I,,;,.,,i, f".. ,,,,ri,. 11.,

,he g>"o,m,j, er me';, in .""h
;",fui,j"," .'"
k"",.." " i,1o 'n"h ~",I '"..,,""" ,,,,I)" IQ God. ,<V',,,", " i ,l, hi, onl)"_
t.:~"'l<"" \\onl .. od \\"i.oo.n ~,~I hi, Holy Sl,iri~"
11';. kinn of ",!:.,io" of G"d to ' =ll>OT.1 fret ""tioo of ratio " .1 OWl_
" " .." ;, " f"",brT,,",,,;,1 'e"",.
,.- I,ieh CH" b<: ,raced ~I od"r 1'0;"" of
hi. "o,k "" ";ell: So aJ,;o must "e und"""~,,d in " IPrd '0 ,he
d;"-; nc 1'",,irl,:llC . ,ha' h" lino> ,11 who d.-.c""d i"oo 'h e ,'nJggieo
ofl"" " o" lilio \\;th thc m"" iTllp'lltial CM"""" And funhcr; -, h~, ;oH
will t.lkc p"n iD 'ho >1rult~le, bu, i"<li,;d ,, aI. wiU ei,hcr bc ,,""c be,1
agai"" ;"ru.i,lual. or al "")" """ ,, iU /igl" in ",ch a " ay "" , hall
he "1'I,..",d il~ (;00, who i, 11," j"'1 I're;j'~n' of !hi, <OI"eA ....,
lI"itl1 ocg.,rd '0 ,he [""ctio" of ""gd. ill ",la'io" 10 me". ,hi. pri n_
cip le ;, portTa)"ro tb ,,,;
C,"",nl; '" It"'"
'"1'1"'" ,ha, all ,h ... d",~ , ..... 00< I"".forn ...d by
"",,;"'n, Cor <ha,lC<. ""'" I"""",,, .h, a"S-i> ,..,,.,, ".'" ....tly <.....t.J ro,
th<m. k" ;;, so OOY'j; ,,~ ;ho"Jd d .. W ~ Cr<~'o. ,,-;'" I""'Wit)".
Ib,her nH,,' ... 1>< ...." 11..,1 ,I"'Y ,,< roof<rrl ill """""Lo'o ,,-;tll
"",n' . "d ,-;rt"" ~ m l ,,';11. ,~" acri,if)' ..,,1 , 1,;];1) of """b ;,.li,ill ...1
,pi';t. by God who i, ,I... ,",," rigl"""~, "",I ;n-I'.""I So,",,,,,,.. of
.'1"'.n".."
H~oce -G ... I ,I"", nO' on"r p."",ibili,;e; '0 "'DO" l"--ing;. "" thol' ' hey
"",nn';' S;'", "0' doe. h. offec p...,,;I,j i;ties '0 o,h"r< "" 'h,,' ,hty
<"cl) <JO J( W.>d dt... -d,...
G"d, fordtlOl>k<.Ig< in no "'"Y " Ik<," <n;a-
tLlrely frecti"", ." F"r "hb""gI, i, DO")' ... om '''''''ge'. ocmITC{lCC'
1"'f>P'" 'U01 btta";,, 'hey art f,,"'knowo, b," the-.,. ba,,, l:>teo ~!rt:_
Iwo,,o j u", I>e<au,< ,he.,. wcr< going to hapl>c1\""' ,\ccortiingil io
",,,.~ it ;; "al,..! : So ., "' "r~'o <>or r boic<' c;, j,,r 10 h"." 0' 001 to
I;"",, . a. if God h.d "0 ro,,kllol>lcdgc ., ,,11: ."d O,l< f".."~",, of
,,;11 is lI,i' h ~c Ic,. if G",t ha< ~"<.II"wkdg~ nor """~ if G(~l I""
"0 furdUlo.,.-I'.tgc.~" Thi, I>oi", i, giH1\ partic,,!:.r cTllph,.,i, i, uu:
" I..... ILHI.

" I....., Ill.2,J
n Iti>tc. III . ~..'>.
" In.. IXL Cf. 1bK. 11 1. 1.10.
~ .o...J"" 11 .
M ~.... 3,
" IW. . 1.., 1'0"". 111. I.n
~ d:'.~, PG 13.712.

323
c.I.<" ,hinl, ,Ju, """.,hi"g "'''''' pb by ,in, .. of h."i"g \><en p"'_

<bc,,,,! by ,.,'''<lio,,1 of fO,<>igh,. nu' "'<.
dQ ,,..., aUo..-"'S f"f ,h i,. >or
,ha, I,.. who ror<"'oId ." "-"n' i. ,,'" ,.,.. ' ..,,< of ,hi, " ,.. "i"s to P""
io ,10< f"'""", i"" bccau!OC h< fur<,,,Jd ,bi,. Wc g''''"
'M' a futor<
.''-eO' " 'ill oc<ur, ",,_n if ohio i, not p",,\icl<d . Fur it ;. ,h;, ",-,,,,m',,,,.
i,..-If which 1''''''00 "'" """'" to , (O""dlr,. .... ' th." .. <on "'~,~"
~ti,. And olJ uti, i, p ....... ", io U'" M-clu .....kdgl: of ,be I>"-,,,Iort; f,.,-
if '''' OCCUITffiCO Os "1"'0 '0 th" cunoogrncy or "i,]"" c",oiu~ 0' W~
co"';,,!! 'u I""" c i'hor of ,I",,,,, ",,"i"W'r>< ics 0"') . "uoUy oc<"",.
Wc
,\0 ''''' ,,,,,,,in th.al 'he OU<' ..-1 I ~ fo,d"'''''''k'dge I, .. ,I ... po~", of
""""<ling ,11< po";bi~,, of an ",-en, h.' I~><,ring Or "'" Io'/,.-cning.'"
"')';118 ...,,,<tlUog ,"'h '" ,10;"; Thi, "'ill ckfi,,;tdy ocru,. "nd i, i,
iD' p",,,i)'" fur i1 10 coo'"' .bo,,,
<>the",;..,. 'l1u, .-c'u.iJ" 'u alJ ~r<.
kt,,,,,'I1g< of "'-,'n" dr-!"".!i ,,~ "n "''' r,..,.. ",,u, " 'h"th" 1 ..- re ,.....
'''g "id, !h.' ,)i",,," ,..rij.'''''-~ or ~ i, h G,,,," "orie<. A,.I ,hi, ~h;ch
1).. ,ne 10#;",,", caJJ<'d.n idle _'Suon."" ~ni<h;" > "",hi.on, <ouJd
"'" ",," '" to be a ..."hi:m' il, Cd",,', ,-ic>o'. ohbouW' it CfftaiJ,I)' ;"
""phi-m """-"<ling to tbe pnnci l~" of ,,,,,,,d ,,,,,,bing. ~
In """",c,." 'ho ..",1< ~'!,~'Jllc r" ",cau> i, he who
;. adduccd : " I,, Do
h... fo"'kn()"'k~lge 'he tau"" of "'ha, h... I"en fortk'''''''n'',' ' a nd
"'he fon:lwowl"'l~ of Ood ~ not impo'" ao)" neCM,;')" uf'on those
"hieh h,,, ... I""n fon .... n ... "
Onln h.. a dc:.r P'.'T<'''p,;''' n of "ha' """",i lu,,,, 000" II(/MI ItO.
r"'\~""'" iu ' h< ,,-orld." l1lU. be cb~,i fic. ,10< di,;'nc ,"cli"", ill ,Ion::<
<"'<goric" ac,ion, OU( of will' r"",o po.:.~I)<> 'v '. '",,( of be" __""',,ce'
I.... ' .,;oo';"~l ""d '0'" of fOl),;i'';Og' 1.... ,6 "vrx........ ,,,. 'ncs<, an:
,he ,10".., W")"' ito ,,'Icid, God "'"" in )'i'1Ory. OI-"';oosJ)" 'Iil (hn:e of
,Io~m a re ",o,,<od '0 'h~ d;";'l. "'ilI . T he ~ '" t"~go';,- 'hough '"u'
of wiU' aU nde. to God", ",,,;on in'o 'he "-,,rid 0<>' in "''lk''' ''' 1",,-
'" it were. b) hi; own initia(i,-e. Thi; ,~,-i"e actio" i. d;"in8u;,hcd
from ,I ... ,Ij,-;,,,' 'ron:' too,,'kdS" {rpO--r.-." "v ,,'hiel, i, u ll d.,~ , ood <to,
to I", Of/MI. 'n,o ,,~)" ;to ,,' hidt (hi, rl;"i "Cri'~l i, c"u.;h,,(! <k no,,"",
(ha' ,Io~ di,;n. 'f"rclllu"k-dge' ~pO--r.-"",,") is "0' n"dc",wrl "-,
"I.ted 'u ,he di"in< ''''ill" I\o~~~",. ,. T I"I> 'fo,~lrn O\"lcdg< ' ;, fl O'
.. Thi. j,. ,toic ,,_~~ ~',,",h~, of ,I,-.broddio' "'oow .. '"",",,01

r..- "" j<.-I', ,w,' I.a-,,,,,, .. 1'.... 10. Cf_ 511-: 11, 279, 1:llf_
~ VI!, It 2t)
" ..-;:,.,. 3, PG 12. ~'i 12. ti>, 1'10( ' 0", 21. l. 8, 12:~: I, l.
" 1>;<, cr. _ _ , "",boo I.
" Tb. ""'" """""', u...! I~' Orig=, i, of Stoo.' origlli '''P'"' "nl! 01 .. ocorivn
of 0<"<""'"' ' ' '
Co 11>< ~'Ofid. er
$17', I. 2Ii. 11 1~.

'" Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
rd~,e< 1 I., an)' of tllO th ree oot<gt>,;<o of di\' i ll~ actio ,,_ T h di,,;ne_
li on bo:'",,,,,o ',,;U' and 'foreknow ledge' of G<>:I ;, I1wlc mort t h~1I
o"ee,"
h i, the" ob\;,,~, ,h., Orig"" thruughu." hi, ""u,,- tb,,~ m~j,,
lain, hi. ,;""- of the <n'a,,,,,,I.,. freedom, ,,,,;,ting tha, God", fur<-
Wowlcdgo b)' uo mca", jmroo.iucc. nlly ,,:;,,;",ion '" thi. fKC'''''''.
I'sKlcutl.,.. the 1\ct moan< to ",bin (h~ GlI(" ' ic ,;cv,' of-ooul, bcillg
ofa <~n"iJl Hxed ""''''re', ",hieh aooli!l'e' no. only r"",do", bin abo
I>CNO"al " .. p"",;!,il; L) . ;'\"lncruo' are Ih,' puin", "he,..' 'he G "OS'K:s
a", ",b"kcd for leach ing ,h., ' ,h,,,, a,.. din"",,,t ""OIl",. of ",,,10
aud """ tho)" h..'< l>CCll ro'I>, i""e<1 by dilferc rl1 orcalO"t," '""1"""'_
ins 1h. argtu"elll , ha, 'each of 'he m,,,,be,,, e'Yn" 10 hanollr"ble or
le" oono" .. bl" d",j.,. "fthe 1.011)" hy afk,ing ""me ground, for ,hi,
from , hem,...I" .. ': h ;, ;"do ...<l nor \,';lI>OU ' .n) eau"" lh~' ','aeh
"nc ha, ixC Ol <kkWHCd 'Q b" ~ hQ n Q"f""d!>le QC Ic" h'",,,,,,.bk
",cmb",.' of ,b" hod.,. of Christ," Thcn:f.",:, if G",i ,li'I><""" thing.
iu ,hi> way io the pre>eot "8", he ",.ill aI", <k> so ib rn" futu .., a.
be ;0 ["'" d~1 on ,he 1''''1 ageS' H., d"pe!l...,J 'hitlg; '0' a ,;nojl.,
" 'ay ," re,!"'C1 10 all rati01,~1 ("". n" ..,,',"
l\C\'Cn bd= ' h"n: i, UoriOll of eau.aIi,)" iu thi; "o"""l"iou of ,i",,,,

I.c' '" ,h"u >co 1<0'" ,h;" i, l""r<:cil'Cd, I" ""n"""" i, ;" "-'\>en1 ,hat
fortk"""' ledge by Gorl i. the kllo"'I(",lge of'l(ctt.o.ion and C\-olu,ion
of ac,io", accoroo\8 '0 a e,'n";,, ...... u,,'~,~:
I" ,b< lo<j;in,u"g of ,-"":.00,, God ~'" <>,abb,J,<d tit' l'ro.cipIc th~,
",~hu' g ,)"",kI hlt l ~"''' ,,;thou'. ca""",,.,, I hi. miJ~1 ~, . ;,""" .lung
"'h "' ;. p"g 10 Io"l~"'''' """ 'ng ,h." "
i, b;a,,,,, ,hi, I"VlK',,,,,1 th"
foil"",; ",,,I if !hi, ""<1 pLC<" " ,bo<"q,'C',dy, 'hat folkM-.; ."d ""'"" this
h"l'l"""" th,., ~ i ll ,,,,,10 1"'''' ,\,>0;1 h", i uS pnx<e<l<d '" thi. ~'a)'
on,;1 tI .. <",I of 'hiug>, h. I;no... aU t)..,.., ,,h;'-~ ~ UJ C""''' '0 1"""
by '''' '''''~", b""'g hi"''''[f ,he c.u,. ro. "". ore""", ..", of "")' of
,hoo< ,,'h;'-], .re Iu","'", to I,in,_ It i, tok. Iu","i"g ]",Corel""I th."
" ftl"" 5 7----0>0","<"," '!I .,,, Lul,. '2. 6;ft.,j.... ~ l :t----< "",""nu"!! ,.. \, "'" I0, ~.
~ (" ''',. .. "" f~" ~ R _, 9.2,16-
~ .,. ~'" 9 . 3 _~.
n I .... dJ.

325
..,."oone ~'hO, i><c>"", of hi, 'l!'00>~""" d .!"" .... <11 .... )- rn' dip\><OY
,<d, " iU .tip '''-'''''' ,-", h< ,..ho kn",,~ ,h.in ",1'-",,"0 i, ",,, 'h'
"'u"" of >IivI,;'~ """T}."
I'h.p. ,lti. I""""ge , houJd l><: ,,,,",,,d wioh "'me "~ lI li,)u "nd CCT'
uil,l)" a (<lrM/ , hould be u" ""tucc.t: ,he l'a<S.~gc ,I"", no, suggest io
a <.,h,, a"b,.,d ma""Cf ,ha' hu man act;un is hu' cha;" of
caU,aI;,-. "Cl>. To '''~ i, ,hi. ,,-ar ,,'oold he a .irnph,,;'- and ' ricky
""';0" imp"gniug obe ",,,I imJK>r1 of CTc.,urly freedom a" d it> I"'"
';hili,ics. ,\"yw.)" dIU tc..' is "" <x' ,"e' of ,Ioe 11fiIol;", don ", ot
co",e dir~ctl)' fro", Ori!:,," Itj,,,,df. What ,,'e , hould keep from , hi.
P">",,!:e is 11... ,,,,,ions of ,'"""',, ....1)" f",,'<lom a",1 of ,,"10,,,1 c~ u ""Ii').
TIo Il . O rigeo "1I0"~ fi" " ,"" " ",1 o.",.li,)'. Ik al"o con,'<<'1<> ,IL"
action' ma)" foUo.,." ca""oJj,)" O{,hi> >or1 know" to G"d in .,j,-;mcc.
H,' <o,ofu"'''ahl)" gNJ'"' ,I" " bum''', beu,!!, ,,,', suhje.:! !o ,Ius eau~, l
il )', i" ' he ..me ,,~) 11"" oil"" liling bo:ing> ""'. Fo< <x.mpl", i, i.
no' wit bin th~ P''''-~' of d","'~ ' 0 1>< ' ''hjt '0 a e<"a io <xt<n>,,1
impr""ion, which gi\-,,' risc to .0
image of ,,It.
"'r1 or ",,,,,Ioor."
OrigoTl hold, , h.. i" go" "r.>J <xl<maJ u.~'m,.f ro,,,,,,,, do nO' ~e ,,;,hiu
'he "",,'~r uf "",n', choice,- h , ' io'le wom., thi' l b,,1 of causality
"'e,,''> thi" a man i. f'"" "" ",gard, hi, cooi of rno",1 ~c' iu'" "ill
h" i, a part of ,h" ruttm.l ",alit)", a Old 1h". " ,bje.:t 10 the phy>ical
lall-' of u'''",''. If he ;, OH ' he fofth lloor of a buildi"8 a"d jun' p"
"''' of the ".",,1011, he ,,'iU fall do,,'" "",I bo: "'"",'ded or kiUed. Hi>
hedo", doeo "'" eh'ail 'hn' he i,; 'fr"" no, to bt .ubj "'" 1<, the I~,,"
of gr-~"i'y. T h", OriS"" rd"I"> n01 0,,1)" '0 110, I"""ibibli., of h,una"
freedom , 10", 0100 ' 0 "h., 'i, 0,,1 "ithin OlJr <h,,;o< '"'~ ' ~ ~iv .,"
To be a oa'm,,1 <xi"<1Ice cut"iJ. '0 be ,ubjcc' to ,Ioe ",a,umJ I"""
of tit .. ex;"coe.. It i,; ";gnifoc.lm 'hat ,uhj<crion '0 ohe ,,",ura l la,,-.
applies c"'" '0 ,10,' h,una"' t)" of Je"""
" .--G>o, 3, PC 12, '''' '''''''''' 23, 8.

~ ~, UI.I.3.
,''''', 111.1.3.
" .--.11..-, 1., 8_ ahoo, ,00.. ob, ... ~;, . .no . c ,. 3. 1'G . 12_G~ """,
"ll .~,ItooJ"", 20: lMI, 17, Iflilw. 21,',21,1-1,2\ 11.

C!"',., Ut " , , , "
h ".'" not poo~ ~1e f.". IUm 'k" '0 .,,11 p.;o;" f""" ,he ,.".,"'" inlli<li
''I'"'' hjn, by hi, <xe<"Uw",,,,. 1'0' I",i" ;, fe<ling o,,"~k ,h. cou 'rui
of 11", ",i)l ~'_;P'"'''' '"'0 Q "","0;;'.". _. 0""," h. 1",,1 . "un"d a
--
body hy b;"h h< hod ",",wDC<1 "'~, ,,hjd, ;n ;b ,""ore is <~ p"bk of
r".liJog p" iJ, ""d ,be ,j,.",dful W"f.". "I,id> bdhlJ """" "I", "" . "'
T he iJl <,...~p',bl, , " hj cct;o n ,,, ,h, na'nr~1 la", i, ' hcn -'"!:I;'"c<l
th roug h ,h. u"ti(~l of "",,,raJ CH L",ali'y.
A"o, ~ lJ"d of <:a ll ~1.Ii 'y

per",i", to wba, ;" u"d",..,ood .. . a rea
""".bl) 'XI~-.:1", 1 co" .... of ",.-ms . T it;, eay," li !)" b:o< ' >0 ,lelen" UI'
i"ic ,h"raCler_ SiJl~. (,<""""m i, <'On,id<n:d as a fw,da lll lI aJ fa~"J'~'
of "" ;"" 01 ere.,,,,,,,. Origt-n ~ U,,".. for ~ ro,,,il\gt,lC), or ,It, 01'0",""
of rru ,,ill ,
,\"" if '0''''_ "'l' ,rut the ""IC"".. on')- be ,)oi, bu, it ;, <;<Nui,,
g<'" 'hat ;t ,,,igh, Ix- ' h.tJ<rc:n' ,"><. '" V.o' ,1 .. t ,hi, i, tn,.. . W Iw.,
,. "..., cOOHing<ot i, "'," r;",\ "'")' 1., f.bc: comi ng<",,! " Ppbe. onJ)
to "I"" " coou"I!''" OD oc<urri,og ., ,,1 i, ;, ]"""; 1>1<- fO<" 10""l"""
,Iunk ,L., ""ruin d,utg< mal O!" '''.~ ,"" ocour." . . . .,." G",,1om of
"ill ;, in "0 ~~l >l~ bl- tk bc, ,Iu,
God kno..-, "h., i, go;"g
'0 be 00'''' b)' ""'"I"ne.'"
T h;. cau..Jily ",uso , d.,.;"g ~ n ae"" ",,o<I). , .. od Ix-yond anl "'..... 01' <"'-" ono.! "' ~ . ...
,;t,;loy. It ;, "'" ~ of ID< I.ouol). ~_ " ..; ~-h",h (Irig<" .,.n, 'i,"''''_'
(10100 , ,/.. ' ~. fw><tion> bo)_ <'<Iti<>J ju<\o:<'"'""" Cd.. n.
~9, "'" ~I-. .,,)
_~,,_ ; <irttiI.,. i" ~ 1. XVU, 20, XX II; . loo "'-. lU. 1.18:
~ Cd.. 1 1.~1: ,]", ,",;", ... """ 6 in f",' "" .. """ to l AA~""_
M, re.. l, w <iL It h.. be<" "",,'oo
,h., ,,,," ~ "S w .. ",od COO"'~'" doe>
_ """"" the G, ~ phi\o->u!)htr C( It. "",",~. G"",~ ...1 11..,'". p. HI. I
d-ulI .... ,u..-.... 11';' , ....- elf ....., H ;, ..,,,,,,1 mr """f'<. I onIj' "" ,]........
~nguW- ",od row.,p., .... i"v,>, Orig.-n. In r.., ,hi,
i. ,.,. of .I.. ....m ro<'
"",,"<ion, 01' lid ~ t Th.i. ;, ~hy. ~>l N"<ot"rt i, oJm.-.. d "' it> 1"''''''''''
m.00n '" God; ,].. ;, at..> why GI ;.
01'...,. ~ .. rioruol . ",.tu",.
ob"'" ...
om"",,""'" of onl ""'lingo-m ""
~ , ."""" 3. """ tItQ,. \ ' 1. I.

,Ad
"ITIIl ''"'-\I ..
-,gt '981 , ~~. ""IF! ..
' 1".1 'AI 'I':) ~
.. ~ .. ,u""'~"f '''''' '.\r"""'l f>" ~""'1 >D<J" .!Iu~"" ..,..,.."', '"'f":"

'11' '" '~"""I'
"'LL ~
.'~ l .oJjU1W~ p<>'J , I'll' ...PU~ ,'q' 4'"'''' Ol " , 00. UT l<>u """"'11'"
'1 11'" ,wu'"'1. n"1' . ,,~~, o>l!!JO '('I." " '''I'
'dpq ~"""P)o. .,u',."
c "'IP. .~I! " """0'" "I' JO ~,,!o'P JO 'lip~I'''()''~ >l1~\!P J" "o!,,' n ~
" ~l"() ,0.11 "! "4J. ",,~u"lipnr ' .1>0:) ,, 0. 'I'u.><hl' "'Mll:><><ba '!'l'
JO 1I0!'"'! 1~>.J ~4' ' '''I '~UJm 0, U()"~" ["' "'1 >" CI" """ .'w'1' '''''-''1
1""0" '" JO 1(1." J'l' JO "!"4' OIl' PlO O",,>q " rlm" a'I' JO ."'''-" .~~,
"'l' " .....,0.>.><, II"J "'l ' ~'''o "01 .!\ot<'\l'''''~ .II~J""""."'" ",!~J
1'1""'_" '!'l' '~4' ""J '. .I~.' '4' ,~ ~1<j~oo!",nl"lIl '" ' ! ' !'lL ",'1<10 I"'U
JO 11"" '4' ~""'J ""~" I'"" 1'].1"-" "IOIP' ~'II JO ....,"'d p"P. t1 " ....,,~'W
"'I' '" ",n,"p ~ " '(" 1"".' "'lL " "'" 1~'ll W "'"Id ""~, -'J'I JO
'~""J ,nOli e., " {I "' ':U r"~:U' I~uu",,", J'> ]l",,,->l!""H~>J pto . IU">'"
.~pnr '~'I' 1>IJ""1' " .,,~ lO<"'~J '(''P : I~'o." "I' JO ."""~J~"'''~ .lOl'
IJ.MU ,,,lJlIe' .,-,,1' 10.-1 '~ !>q 1''''''!w,.J J'> '''''I'''''J ~4' l'uo_(>l!pnr 0, PO!) "oJ " 'p>MJ<l
,,""" ""I 11 '," ~,a""1 ,ello!)CJ ~ 'P"I ," 01 '~J\I J" ~ "CJ ~41 \I'IIJl10,1
'''<)'(HP .(p"' ,""'J l)IIo.{;,o:, OSI~ ...
' ~'! ' , ~,~. ~41 '" ~.mld ""1"' ",.>ul.:!l'"f ~ w4' '''1 ~41 'II"! 'IJ.
'1'1''''' "'111" .JI\OO ~'II "! 111'''"1' 'l'I~",,!I""h'JIl II~ '! "",p. IJ~ j O
P'" " 1' ,~ ""Id ""~~I II 0tl.U'W,,'UW U '"'I' ''"j .U,,_, "I' "(IPUO"'S
.~"'1."0"~ J"O
pU<)''"''1 '! J",>O II!'" "0""' '''I'./' ' pu~ ~4' ''''LI\ ""'1~ ~l!O'P '.1"-':)
01 '~""l"" ~l" ...u l\lXI il.! J" m.l""",, .{,.~, "4' 1.-'.( 'u"'" Q~.J<> I'u,
"1' '(~['I' --'0 ~I~"P"'~ .",,'" ''''-'!''. I'''''''' ' . 'UJOj>=JJ ' !4' .,,,,~~
,uol';>.)'J .i.r~J(""'-"~ JO roJl " o;' ~4 ' '>p" (I '0" "," 4'14'" .",,:>. 1
J"'Xl '1\~1I"" 'J~ "'~'I' " .\ "',"'!,,U"'~" >"'OJ'''I ' ! '" Lt.'~ ~'II ",,-,.'
u'>'I" ,,!I~J!j!l0dJ'-' 1'.>.>0 ' " ! <! 'P!'I" 'PI")'" '''!'U'
'>'1' M. ~!" '"""
'""!",,, ,,,,,,,no> "I' l!Ll!,OP '~"Id '~lm '''~'''~)''r ' !'I' "':I ' ''(~P.
'~-'J J'> ' I'''''' ~ ' ! ",,"" II !" H""' ~pnr '[>!'I" le ,""UOII' ~'l.l.
... "nl .~D IU""!'''' JO U,OP""'j ' '11 p..wq 1''''''' 01 '.",.odd"
'\"I",ncJ '''It, 'w aw ,,jipnf ~ ,.li"""P ';[-J'u~u ',,<>-,~ u~ 1" pn,' a'll
)C l" "'IC;lJ ' ! 4~'4." . iI 'I"'n~J J" I"" ~ --""IIO"~ <! "''''11 '''''''110' "11
iiylt>Vl> {'1t1"'1"'::J
.\.IJ,.....
w~ ,, ~~ '.",~
'"
'" Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
th ing> of ,he "orld iD the "I'propri",o L:airoi " " d h~ .1""" kll OW'
th e I~""" r\' of ,,-h., occur> at 'he>< ';mo .....
Ratiooal c... ahtte' ("",,0/ ="1''' ,h;" supre"'e cau,abIY. Tbei<
f....,,<lorn itself ;. t Iw '<",...
of thi., Ca u",ht). "bile ,I,,-;r ex;,,,-,,';.) ." ".
H" (11131 is, ' he "'nl< of lif~ .11 ,,-h id, I h~'y are pb..:;ed' ;, ,h~ 1fo'1.
"ne will of rn,ionru cnoaturt. i. entin:ly free 10 .'" ,h",ug a n "e<>ll
aud to come '0 "
di~lectica l n-1.tKl1l ,,-;, 11 'he ,,;U of G,~l. What
can DO' I.. ~""1"" 1 is ,ha, 'hi' ,,-iU j, j"dg~d according 1<) nod'.
impa"ia) ';gh'CDU ...",, LH<!",e. ' he "'I)" f"",
of ju,ig<m<:"<. "hbou~h
pccurri tlg ., c~"ain mame" .. of ,I",
cont ,,,u,,m of tin", _ .ctuaUy
:.11Ce.. and ,Lctc""illC> ' he collc"l',iou of DIJ t;m<. Tb;" ;" why Origen
a,"e" th'" ,hi; e~""'~')" 'is a ,Ioclri,," "' il kh ,loo"ld be ",!;ord",1 a.
"" eternal law' (v",,"" "i.""""' I" au,l. therd'"",. 'hi' i, a fu nd.,,,,,,,
",I "kme'" in 'he ,-m;", " .. "0o",, of rn-~tio" .
'l1,i, ca"",l;,), ;<>clf 1''<''''1'1''''''' ,h, '-' ;>lc"ce "f ';mo, ,i""o no
,d;"~,,, l>etwcen rm<J.t I"" ",,,,,ctwlIg brp..l a,~1 rffir' .. ",me,hillg
'lflnl coul,1 "lake ""me ill 'he al&""" of ,;me. Tbe ""tire world i,
,""'por~1 ~nd i, ill ""I)" " 'i,hi ,, time ~'a, .-",a",,,,ly hedom ca" mak.
"",..,.... For f......,OOm 1"'''''1'''''''''' 'h,' 1'0..,ibiJi,)' of (a1 leas,) " ,hkmma.
"f ,dle,,';o", "pon i', uf &""i"" and d",;"". AU ,he,, f"'ohie, ca"
make >,,,,,.. O1,J)" ~, "'''''''''"' ill ,ime. Fo, " rA,;ooal "",.n,,,, fir"
f""". " mul,;,ude of po.. ibili,;",. tIuIi ro"",le'" ,hem. tIuIi form. hi.
"'W ,,,,01 INn "",k"" his choi<-~. 11, u. , j, ~ ,\0000, of fJO'5ihi1it)' of a choice
m"k~, ",'"I' "" I)' ~. being brjm ' he <hoic, i,,,,lf" TI, i, i, he """"
ill "hi<-h <"",,,, ", uol c~" ..l i' ) 1~'"~i n' l" '\hr "" tin- Mion~1 c", ..ion'."
HoItli rtg 'hj, co"c-q>lio" of ,jm" arid mo,;on. Origcn goc. ahead ,,'i,1t
,h"lol';rlg I... no,ion of ~,,,,,",i;ICU' ""u'<:,. 'nu" i. I''''ci.d), what
u ",k'L,,~. ~"" ,..;,,",,';:,1 c"w"Ij,). a. "... 11 ". hi. CO'''letio" ,,1,00 '
" CtIt, 'v. &:I, ab<> CtIt, 1'. l~,

i'ra<, L11.!. Cf i'ra<, 11 11.10.
"_:pm., 10. xxx,x; ~ _. p. :;00, n. 165.
" S;"". U.. ">Co""", lit", ~ abou, """"" of fa"""", ''''''o,.:!..., ""'" "'" "J"
to tt.. <_ cb......! 10)' ~ of co_ u .J .ffm M,,!! haf~
'," ..
f><'" in , .... ""'" of on lOpo< .
.. et '''''ry ...... 1'".,/1< ...... _ . 9.IU.

",
rre.dom pf ",-ilL Ik<id" all ",her ""0011',
t here i. " particular <)ne
Ica,ti rlg tu", to 3Mcrt the com;",,;.)" of ,ime (fuoughouo 'he '\Co"':
Ul (he "~'"" oo" of tin" eau",I;,}, " ",t;,bli, h,.d a"d Ihi, raur.ali.y ~
ex",,,""1 i" m"o t)",,, on" ~cu"'. Tt... af"'~n!!,'H1C'" of Ih,' ",tK>-
,",I bo,i ng. i n ' he ,."rio,,,ranb of life) ..;"illg in an acolI i, di'el1y
related to both 'he 1""';0'''' "",I (he " 0." "rou . For ,hi;, I'rc;o:llt
arr.'lllgolllcut i. the rfft (>ffrcc actiou wluch ,.-~, realized in the 1''''''
aeon. ,\, ,be ""ne ,imc. 'he 'mO'-C",,,nt' ,h~, ;. moral ""oon ", ._
Olg plate dllring ,Iu, ~..oo\ is .he ""'" tor 'he ...... nge"""H in !h"
""un '" cum~.
'lbc <o",wnity of';"'c ~U()"~ for ,h;" ""';011 10 Ill~kc ><,1><. Haidc"
(lie <Onli",,,,," of tim~ is m" alf"",,,d h)' ' he OCCurtent< of ",arrang<.~
m'''' of ,,,,ional crca,u~ in ,h. ,-.ri", .. mul> of liR,. ';1'''"
>fIat
mome", Ih.. mom ..... of judge own I is n-!r~r<k.,j '" h",';og no ,Iu",-
"~oo ., .11. 'nu, lh<re i, "" 'break' of 'he "<lIl,i",,,,,ion "f a' ,ilt",
'he "'OUlen' whon " rc~rr.""''''Ill< n l of T.tio n~1 heing> in th e ra nh
of life ,ak", place. In ,hi , ''''I'''''. ' he ,aying ahou. ,hi.
,,",rra"g<.~
m,nt '.~;"g plaee '; t> ,I,, ''''i"kb''g of"n '1"rlj<!' is particularly "",i,,1
w O ' ;g"". He''''". ,I,, exi>,..",w "aw, of ra,iou.1 b,,~~ lluriug ~Us
,,<'on i, ,he ",od! ,,f P"'-<'Xi"C'H (." .... Again, .crip,,,,.1 all,llo,i,) "
""'~I" li" ,hi> "ot~)(l to be I0'Ll u,kd:
It [0/I0I0'<' I ,hi,LI<. th." "0 "'u" also i,"tu'rc "'h." "re the ca,,,,,, "hk:h
1<",1 the .......1 of "'an '0 be i"/l,,,,,,,",,! at "''' ,i",.. by I'0od "pi';" ant'
. , .." .... he, ,ime I b.,,1. I ""1>' ,I"" i, ;., du< 'u ,'<nail, 0"''''' "lud,
..... okh ,~..", JI .. " ,"or b;"h i" oh .. boo~' ... Jobu i",tic"",1 by hi.
I<.;";,'I! '''~ l rcjoicing in hi, ,,,,,,he""wo",b ~ I "h ,he "00 of .\1>>)',
",,"tahon """" ...1 in < 1""'1'10., Jw,no;AlI "'IQ.
,,,,.fon: he "'''' f""".. d ", hi. ".00"" .
bc U )'~"" ~"""''' b).' Gu<I.nd 'W"", b. cano, fUrlb from tbe "umb'
,,"" .."octiIooo t.,. hiu\. .,.1 ,,loa. ) '" 10<' "",emJ oh< gift of propl..,,)"."
On.h<" ",10,.,. h.nd, it ;' de.rl) p",,-.d t1o ... ~ , me p<Ot,\e .... """"""d
righ' "on' tI..,;, ea,,"," )""". "'"' i, no oor" "'itb .n '1c>"'I"''')-'
ing <k",,,,, . ..-hil< "', .. '" ...... <kd"",l by ,I>< ,,,,,"m"'r of foi"oo"" '0
h;,,-. 1>" w~Ie, '''1'''''"'''' ;,.1 c""m,,,1fn.m Io< louocI .0,,1 ",her> ,till
I,,,,' f"m ' ~ .. i, "..-li"", )''''''' ' ' ,1>
iD,"'"I, L) d,,,,,,,, ",lo"m oh,,)"
,..nn I':,,,,,,,." .10" i . " .pint <.>f '-e,,' til"'l~i 'on .
hI ,10< ~>CC of "0<>< .. ao, pl.... ,I....., '''00 m,;n",;n ,b., ,","1 hu'~
io thi, ",u,Id", I!''''''''''' b) 11", I""';,koc< ofGo,I,. doctruoe "hKh
.. J"" ,. ~--6 .
.. .\0 ... ,6, 16.

Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
.. ,J,o p,tI of ""' f:,;,h. """ Mi" ,..., """'''','' " ...."" ,,, me, "lUo;h
",ill I"'''''' m"u 1"'"'"",,"0< to b.. f.... < f""" all ~"";o('" of i'~''''K<";
<>"1" '" "'Y ,fc" tlo< .... "'w= ","""i" I""""";""" c~'''''' "'hieh 11
th= ...w., I><t,,,,, the) "'.. '" bo", ink, th< budy, ' 0 con"",,' "",n,
drgr<'1' of~' in ,00, "'u~li,,, or ,ulOoo".. 1 tl.""~' ;D CO""'4""''''''
of ",hi<;h m,in" V"" i<lence le" judg<-d 'horn """hy of e"du,;"g ,hese
",1I<o,;nl5', t'o' ,J", .... u ""-.Y' I....... ""'" f"", "'ill, I>oth ""I>c" in ,he
body ami ~'h<n u,,' of th< 00t1j~' ~'l(1 0110 ",.;0', f"""\om a1",.y' mu'-
iI, ,he dim.:tio!, <itl><, of p;oo<! 0< ,,'il, "ur coo ~'" r~I"",.1 "'tl"',
011"
... "". Dun,1 or >ul " .." ..," ";,10",,, 00,,"" n"'.-nnn,' <i,h", good
0< .,il . It;' p<ob; l>Ie the" ,h ... ",("~""n,, r"".,;,h ~~,",>{i, (0, _n,
"'-C', I><f"", 0", IOOtU, ,I" 'DpJliJlS in ,) .. ",-orl<I, "" ,ha, in ac",,,,","c<
wiol1 , .... b ,'au,",' ur mib ~"'Y are ord.uu,1 ~. 1he ' " "ine pr",ide"c<
ngl" r",," ,)",,, I'; "lo. )'eo. .,., ,~..,,, bd",,' it, ir I ""Y '" 'I",.k, '"
"",Iu,-,. co",~ti",,, .;oI1n I!""I 0' ,,iJ.'"
I" ' he .. 'ne co""'x', i, is ' 1a"'d ,h~ L h) rea"", "f hi, men" It> """""
prc,;" ,,, hr~ Jacul.> harl .r><""d ,,, be 1","<:<1 1." (',,><1 '0 .uch au
~"<t" ""to 1>< won),)" ofheing prcfcn"t:<"h b<'f"", he ca"" in,,, \I", !><>d) ~nd ,,';,h Eo:,,, t",f",~
h ~ " " c.a Ikbeec.', ",,,m b . ,,. lI .u,-"
for ""1<"''"'"' ' C""'"'" "M"n:,,' I"";';"" of ,.."-;.-~;,, 1"'1"'.... <1 i>y 01..-
C",",O' fo' ,h 0'''' l" 1''''I),,,,joo ' 0 ' he desrr< of bi. onc';" ""loi<h
""]",,,,1, on Lb. flOC' 11 ... , ">oh. ill 1.""'1( c"" 1",1 1') God a, ",j nd or
c.. tio!,aj ",i";" b.. I"''''''WJ) g:lln",1 f", rum"'lf. in a,cQ"u.JlC" "iol1
,he ,""'~m'h" of 10;" ,,,hod ""d ,10, dl>poo""'n of ru. I.. "", "S""'"
0.- 1<>, ,fc,,~ of ,,,,,";', .,,,1 10 ...... ,,,1<""1 hin,,,,lf \o..-.I>k or ;t ""'Y be
b.,cfuJ to God, '"
~ Tb, i, _ ~ """rpoI3tion "Rufon", ~'1IOch _<11)' "''''' " ..~ pi.~

", ... n in ,Le d;~onX.n ufOrig<n', ~t; ~;, .. ~, one n..... p'Wfm.. , R........
lo. k.i doe w.,k"""od;,,!! of """') <""..
I f """" '" ,J", """*'sI. ~ fim Jy held
tit", ........ ~ """, _ ";thoo, 'bod)' Thi, _ .. ;, ;" ""'~ ~'ith M
f"""pbon " . r,WnaI I><"~ ." in"p,mblt ,nOty. <1< ..... ' doe ",<",,,,";0} oh,.
UD<tion ""~"n ;"""'1""''' .,'" ""1'''''..1 d,,,..,,,- ,\, oru..,.,;", doe """,,,,"..n,
><W""lUj' I-... "';""""I""b<udOO 0"&",,, u.:...J . H C"", .. I <><oI!' """" u)' ...Md
)~, no< .>. "owl
ru. olde, ,;",.. ~ i _ bOO;' and ~, ,10, , "wn"" ,;.,... of u-ng..
",,;.r"""l <XmM. 11 . c.-u.u..1, ".\lun .. on""","",,".don Ori#",,-,
s.n";,, .. /, _.. f:aJi,;'"7 " 79 197a ', I'- 1116 .
.. '"",, UI.~,!>.
.. /""'. U.9 .7_
.. I>iM,III . I.22_
~, ',""" U.9.7.

331
Th" condu';()Il ,I"" epit<>miL", the coucq>tio n <J; <>i "~,,,ial cau>,lily
,."u; (ltu"
E.d, !.<;,'!<. "' I"'~"T of h.,m, Of """I. Of' I"""'" "'" ,,,,,"[L. "'") I.
",;,t '0 1"_ ..i,hin him..lf the co" ... . ,f """"'(Y a",_<kOt to hi,
bil'th en 11", w.1y. F,.,. ..u uwtg'> ,,~'" m:.""" b)' UI< I~>goo of (;,.1
,,,d "<re"'" in O<'<kT l brou~h (/1< "I"'~.lio!, ofhi, rigIt'OOll""'" 01,,1
in b;" !!,".lCioto> oomp'..,;oo I", p""ide, lol' ..u .nd exhon:. aD 10 b<
rUf,,1 I') ",h.t.,... """,,lie! lhe)" "") . .nd "oci,,",
,I .. n. fO .. Io-a tion.'"
Tlti, ca",ality \In,~,,Ii,,,,. ,h" ..,l>,,,,,"i"1 ""'I,le""" of the "con, i",o
(h" con, innou, ",,"n~on of'imL " al>o (Jlldedi" th at al'hQllgh in
principlc tilllc i. percei,-c,1 a. all <Ic,u.,,,, in (he make-up of th e
world. and th"",R>", a MhmJ " I"m<nt. tbi. i> .00 ,Ittpl)' ;,,,,,I,-ed
;,t mt,,#'.uai oon,ide",,;(>Jt,. since (Ici. i, ,he ".,,,,., "he,,' (I ... rli\'ine
" 'ill along wilh 'he m;a""dr on.- i, ",,,Ii.c,L Th"., (he nO(iQll' <>f
I) coutill " it}" of time, 2 '1.-.:niC"di" dj",olltim,i(y of "1",oc a'MJ 3 ,mi
""ut)" of !latul'< of rntional c",a'ure. ~1I pla)" a ';~'UrlCall( rol< iu
(h. C_"I'''''ilion of (hc concqnioD of th,' c.. u~~li'r ""d it> dcq>Cr
,;grutic~" .....
T h",,' ar~ ",no", I'~."-"" for O rigc " 10 . 1""" fvl' (h;" ca"",~()" in
time . 1 10",,, al",ad)' lll<1lt ioocd tll< 6"'t "'''-'O'l; uamdy. that i" tllL'
way frtt ""riOll beeo,,,,,, "'''mingtiJ. ,ince il ;, "';"nted ",,,,,rn, a
goal. The oc<:ond ",;w>u i. to tall .ttcmio" 10 Co<j", 'imI'Mtiali'J~' "
"",I ng blw,,,,,e.."K ; ,, n:sJ~"1 of c... awn ly f",..
-do,," . ' Il,c dUnI rea-
...,n i, On!!,,"', ~i", to ,~t.bli,h ~ Cion";., ,, """ cq)! i"n "ftin,.. cO"
tra>l.d to all Cred; and Cn",tic "",an" ofthm~ht .
llou,. as repnl' the Im" "CO". thi' c,,,,,,,]it)" "p/mI<, tht 1'''''''''
.xi",",;aI ,Ia'u' of '"IK,,,al l>eu.g . >0 11"" God'. ;"'J"ni:o]j,) ,,,,d
,;g],,"01"""', """"''' uttq",,tion",l. Regardi"g t b~ "ex, :,(,m. fre.
action i, orientcd to a 1(",,1 ~"d ,h",
r",cOO", i, ""d<-,,,d ",..
a"ing'
f,,1 byexl",c,atio" and hope. Tit"", ;" a future cnd "'h",h a11ri\>o"",
'lcq>cr ,,,caning 10 freedom ,nd. tberefort, ,,) timc. 'l1u, i< "' h)'
tcm" like prop/!-.y. pro.tIiM. Mpt. "PlI1IUJ ,foijiJ/m"'l ,,,,11.:..'''''' are
",..d. If the .... "'-n' no oncntation to".rds (he r,,(ure and no h"P'".
,he" rrelom sI>o,dd I~ ahsoJooci) me"";,'g1<". S"br;..'I',",,~). I,,,,.
c..,,,ld I""" it, fu ndAn", " tal signifICance; i( "",,uld jll,( be a r~""ral
.., P, . . ,11.9.1 .
.., I ... , 11.9.8 .
... "-:. t! 9.\.

'" Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
dcm~nt of d,,, ,,'v,kl. a, it .-a, '0

t he <a,l)' S,,,ic . In th e G,,,,,l
c,,,,eq)1;o,, of rc<1l'rcncc of idcuticttl world~ ftnure ha, nothing to
promj,,'; "'oral .cOOn , 'a"i<tu,. i",,, ,";'''aL,y. Thi, ,",'", ,10,' d"'1",r
",coning of ~1 "t'Cu; :\"",~",' fru,tc.'i"" .
h i, ,,01' of ,hi, L'onccp,ion of li m" ilia. in<l@:cmcnt i. "'gafdcd .,
,,"k:tiroll'''' in ,,hicb prom;"" CXpCttlHjon au<1 hopc arc fiMulcd. Yet
i, ;. "n' of God" goodl>C'<' .1"" tI,;, j udgeD"'''' i> 1J(~ 'he final "nc.
Ilor i. eo""umlla""" the ahsol,"e end of'he ,,orld. Crca"".,:ly f,,,,
dom , .",""'llotion of '''' " 1,;,,,"lC "'al;'~lion of hOlk" , as "'~II as It..
belief in God', 8""d " .... load 10 a cU'>C"I)tion of tim< c<>mI'Ti';llS
,uccccwug "CO"" 'Co"' UlIllllatioll' amI jU'igcmcn', an: ti~c(I I.)"'"
in ,,'loch "",,.ality i> o"C:'l iud. )k';d< .. the """,mua,;OI1 of rim" t\trough
th ."" fix ..1 poi",. ba, the m"ani"g of gi';ns 10 ralional b"ulg. oue
"'0'" d'~ 'lCe IUf jmpro,'eme01 ~nd "",,"'lion. iD ~\is " " ) "i",ljcal _
ing Cud" g<.oo<lnc".
T hu; ti"" is DOt , impl)" a" ckm"'" of Ihe oa""al \,-(lrld, he i, >0< "
or W" seeD', It ;. the "~Ien>ioo ,,'he'" fr.,.,dom is reali1."", In COn
tr<.,,, to ,he ,.,,")" Swics " 'ho did""" ",I."" Ihe que" 'o,, of lime to
mO"dlit), Ib,,, consi<lc",d i, a. ,impl)' " ,~""ral p..wlem, in Origen
th " corre lati o" i, pbin . lu Iwml.uc. the pOrTiou b ,ke 1, 80 ;, COm_
" ",,, tClI "n Ihus:
To grow' I,. , . ,,,,,,fold "".'""11' i, me""

'0 gro'" j" boo" , ~ h",,-.
hum." f.... ,jo'" <loe> ,,'" <oIbbor~l<', i, .I", "".."" '" gom.' .pi';t"-
aiJ)". "h"" r.... tIoo, j, ,he <a""," of t;om-th '"
Time is a" 'ex",,,,,;,,n' an,] of life' ",h"n: " ""'" .u".

,,'diru'n'~'"
1'1) 11", IllOr:dl)' i,,<btr""'l" m",ioo of 1,alU..-:,1 ,,'oml ,h a, '"~''' pl.c.. ,
thi, i 100 "hc'~ f",odom i, m.n ife",,d ~ l\" r,,~Ii'-Cd in a c"k:;"1
",ay, ]{<fcrrio~ 10 We disciple, ",ho were askillg J <>u, "1><",, ",I~,
","" 'he 'I'ditor foretold by him hi",,, lf, '" OriS"" "a,,,,,,
'" I"""', 1I1.1 ,H:

13, Xl.\'lll c
_<I...
-'"J-. :I~, Ill .
1i, 9', _<I"" n , 9, ~ -'fi;"" 1_>':I;.--JMo,
... "-1"" I t.
~ , ~h" :16,2:2: ," "" 11, I"

333
Fo< ,Joey 'ne". ,Ju"

by '~"",n or ,be"
bcing loon"''', ,be
ch"",. or
,h...,.. "ill in I'rog""" i. altrmbk .. od ,hi, c~..,;..< i, '""''1,,;1>k cl "ill
ing " '" ,,,,,,my 'u ,,,,,,," ~' illing b","""'"
l.ik~i", in {(''''''I.I/olI, ' lllO,iog ~hm. 7. 9 11 :
I\'h) di<J I,,' call 110< ,li""J~ '" ~"f1h k ,,! !I,'ca"", em' <hoo~~ ,h,,)" rot
""'"J fi-<dy, they ",J] h><J 'io< c~ .nr->l~h ') of hu,,"'" mu,d. I, ;,. Mly
the s.,., or rood "loo i, u""b.ng<abl<- both ' 0 I';'
"",,,,,.... <"'"''
. od loo""",,
I" r.", 'i' ;, <m lr n"i,, ",!. ,,' h;ch do ,,'" ch;wgc fro", a lo"u !!"".
der '0 " TUore nohle on. or ,"ite ,'efM, bu" '" f",. '" m"to an; tOn
",ou,d. ;, ;s 0]"",,)" possibl,' '0 "'" pcople ci,h .. , jD" 0' ,~'il; or 10
...., ,10"", n;ach i"g ,-i"",
out of ..."il or 'l,,;ni"g ;",prOI'< mc,,, '0""".1.
,;"ue ,,,d r"lliug i",,) c.;l:'" For ' n<nhi"l!" io pcml3De,,' ;n hum an
,",",re." " Accordi"gl)', "hcn Orlg,,, ;n1<'prcl> d,e meani ng of an';
.. ' I><gi"oins' of the eX,"' ''io" of ,in,e, he rdate, t!u, '0 fbo'''Itleflt,
1",..." i' ;'18 ,Iu, mo'"m"", as mo<al ~ctio,,]" Ce",,;nl) ' he S,o;cs
hdd thal mQ~,1 actio" .. of ",mo" , ';g>,;f"",,, ,,,.'" ~bn;".. A"r<1;,,,.
;n CO",,,,,, '0 ' he early Sto ic., com::b,c; mo",lj,~ '0 ,i" ", con, ;JCT'
ing ,ime i"df a, a mornl qu."ion. I, ,h"..., 'hen ~ "",b(
of .. Wm;,y
b<t ....-e.u Qrigco a nd S,o;c.;,m?
Th~ '''''',:er ;. " 0. 1'0' 'he ,,'a)' ;n " 'h;ch Ma]'cu, ,<"late' ciD" '0
m,,~, I ;'r i. 'O,,,U) dift<cre,u ' " ,he war Qrigcn dv<, it. T o ~brc" .
';m, i. the ul,i"' "1e ;mpa", a nd ;t i. re'P'",,;hlc for 'he '<h'me
,ion' of human rea .. , "'I>erially of buman " ,ond acti on. ~ I atc\" all
O'~' ~ga;" 1><"",,,;1;';' ,une. 10 ..".,'" ab"o" '" \.0. ~\~ go,.. mor of
,he l'h)~ic,~ ,,'o,ld "",l the """ .... ~ (QC ,hU"O)"~r) of ,u ...",lj'l'. I< .".,,1
lo,,~ "1' .11 ~c'ion. '" S., ,he r~Cl oh.,
~brra. cl"",
"01 ...,fa '0 ' he
earl)" S,,~'" ("do no' I... ",iuci<lc,,' aL JM . Kbl ",,~ctu rc! 'hat ,I, L'
,uigl" be c";nc;<!emal: ' till lie aci..nowlcdgc, ,h., , It;" ;. a """'ge
oo["";,k,,o I"",~,,,, Ih,' ma,,,,,,r ,n "'hieh \1 ,,,c",, . peak> or lu'"
" -ould t\Q( "'I";''''' ca sil)" "id, ,I,c,," <kfoni,jotl,'"
,~ ~ J~, XL'('
... ./iJrut,
1-1 1
_ I t", 10. 11.
" C.d<_ IV, n
" ~ I, XIX : ~ I, "1'1.
.,' J -\1. JU.<. s.,;, l'bJ...,n", 1" l8&.
'" 0,. nr., p_ ~EII< .
'" 0,. ",-,. :187 .

Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
Uow Origt'" ",b .., 'im~ to mo .... Ii'y .'alld. ill c,,,,'ra,' '0 1he
,"aJ"'<T M~rru, d"". i" Hi, "~IlCe 'O'o'an'b time is in f"c, .hoerly
,liffe",,,, , To \ Iarc", "m" is ~,e " I,in"'" i<np"'''' To Ori,,'I.:" ,ime
i, ,I.,. mean' (hru"gh "hieh hOI ... can I.., ",~Iid. '" ..'" (i",," i, 1110-
\'~uu. where ra,ioual <"3",,,,. ,or;"" for their ",,,oration, ,hi. i,
....g.mlod ." d,e ",ro,,,, fnr ,1... "ali::,phoo of thio goaL uot "" a ,Lc .. ,oyn
of t h~ hum~n ,Iced" It i. de~r d,a' th e ,lcq><T pe",i",i . 011 of .\larcm
i; ,I"" to 'he inh"feb' ;"capabJi,y of Swici;m for ",,,,,,,,,,,k,,.,,.
The
,leoi,... fo' ,>;:<kmp',"" j, cii;, ingu;,habk ;n \(.re". more ,ha" in ~,,~
other Stoic. lk>i<h, ,hi, i g<ne",1 .),np,om of
mC' S,oici"u ~, a ,ime "hen tlw, philosop hy dc0110D>'r.tle<1 ,ymp_
It"
el"'d_ Origen
tom' of ,Iegenerm;on and imp""'" Hi, p""'''ppo,;,ion', I","""'''r.

were dill,,,,u, and.., ",.,,,, 'he a i,,,, of hi; ,hough,. This ;, why he
"' .... hk '0 etnplo), Stoic ootion'! and ye' '0 If.nMom, ,hem"'" '-lg-
"r"",))" .nd r.dicaUy, t1' a, ,h,,}' e'~n,,",lI)" rom,' '0 ,tand in "ark
corm".... , '0 the S'oic thoug h,.
In fac" Orig"" u"" S,oic no,i on uril""ing ' 0 the", a COntent
,,,"mm;"g from hi, Ch";";~n f~ i ,h. H" '''guru Un" .. '.Il u,dj,-
I.--, .. ,,~I," "'ea", 'o""mt. .."lil.";"" of hOjl<': it is 10;' ool"-ir'io,, ' k "
rd,ioru,1 I><--in!!", arc cnd"",-c<l ",'h f,,-'C "' ill: h. 1,o{d, a hroa<lcr con-
cep,ioD of the world and ,h< "'>1ion, of Camatity . n ~ -'''<\gem<nt
tl,abli, h ." inni" ' ;e meaning on ,;me. The<e a,e ",";ou. rea",,," for
bin, 00 ernp'o)' l'rulongaootl of lime, &.. a1'hougb !h<- "OIio11 ;,srlf
"""nd, ,;rnil,r '0 the Sloic onc, in f"",
i, -""nl> from shccrly di/fer,-n ,
,""SUPI""";t;"' ,,, ~ nd ~;m,.
bi"~,,t ial ca"",lity ;" a g"... m,",,, ,IL" ',me i, "0' a ""'tm)'" of
,,,oraJ .c,io" a rld .c,i"" <1""" oot '-ani , h i",o ,ri,ia!ity. Time ,Ioc,
" 01 ,Iep"'" 0";11"". 0 " !h<- co" 'ra'y. ,>re",,, ,une. ,he '~'riod of
th i, .ro<'. i, nul en"ugh '0 him in COI"rd" to ~I arr,,; ,\u,,-!iu,
",h" d;~ '''~ "gar~ pro!'~'g",im of ,imo a, ,,~c ... ary, It ;" th. ,i,h
t" ' he good..... of eVIl 'hat ma"'-'o Orig< n '0 hold th>1 ,hen, i,
,d",,,)... ,ime ~,.i l.bl o '0 r."ional cn:~'urc >0 !ha' they .Cl fr:ly
and '"turn to Hi", b) both 10;" help'" ,,,,d 'heir he ,,,,,ion.
,~ '"" ",OU>I ''''''''''' of ttu, . . ~rtiln, Iv ~', 1'Iillo".,~ of Iib""'1' .IDO.i

Eoc",~, It, ofte" "'" Obe '''', ' 'Iq,.' ,"'If~, oro., 10 '_~') "'" ouJ\ "'"
final ...... , bu r 01", d .. <1>'= .... of.",.,. in ti ....... , t:;.!" IV, 38, V. 10; \"111.~,
16, 167 .
." 0<, " . ~.

335
Then: i, 'hongh oDe poinl . which mould I.. darif",d . A fa"", of

'hc .irupli>tic di,tinctiou ,ir. ... n 1>t'''l:<1l Greek and Hebrew'hought.
" \0 i",roo:iuc. ~,e "01;00 <J qodily of bme. '" ,\ rconii"g '0 Ihi. ;0
O,,,k '11O<'~hl Ihe 'q L",li t)' of pa" ,in,, i. Ibe ,aonc "iIh ,h~' of
prcoenl limo ."d lh", ',i"",
i, homogeneo"', " . I" f:"", hO"'-,.,.'eT.
'hc 1I01j"" of '1""lity of time is meartiugl,,'" Time in it,,!! h . . ,,0
quali,y. TIn. i, a ""Mol ciemc,,' ill 'he ",~lc- up "f ' hc ""rid ~Ild
",,,raJ deTUe"" ha,'e DO ",oral q a];1)". Time h'" .> 1", a .,Mp/",i-
(a/ ,;~nifi<~" '" h"c~"", i, os '" nm- ,1",1 1he di"i"" ."d c""~n""l)'
"'ill """o,u"~r each u,h ~r. It, ,h"l ca", . ,he "olio n of qUalil)" .ppli",
to fre< action .. ,ime , not '0 /.,,,,
P""",,, Rog.rtliug thi. action, li""
can ha,. au inn",sic _~- bu, no q u~I;')". C ertainl)' e:<J>"",ioh'
al"'," 'qualil)' "f,im,'"re ,,,,--d. )",~. ",~le ""rue ""If
o"r. ,hi!.
,L.tiltclioo ;, m:ode. It i. io:ocrut"~"" ID 'p<ak of "I',aji,y of ,io..,' io
a ,"iet tlk",logical ,,f phil"""p1lic-'t] "" nse, ,..hen 0"" I",nd~ ... ul~'"
'hc prohku""~luC of time 1""'''''_
It ",'Qu]d be n""ful to cou>id" ()rig<-o'. no,ioo ofp,.,...,,u,ting c~""'"
0\ ,le" of ,he ","or)' Ih'" i, " ',,, ch~r:'C'"ri'lk of G,..."k Ih(,,' gh,
w Ihink mOSq/i'! ,,,,d rouse,]""",J)" ill t,' r"" of '''''''r.~ "';"hce, " It<-re",,
It"hrew though' 'hinkojWo/9 ,,.. """"'Pol!>- T. 110=". "ho made
,hi; claim, a'<.'lCI100 ,hi.:
The One 1>"" "...tf "",,;,le ,~. ",-'hl$ ,,,d koo., ]"ck",.r<l;, ,~. ",h..,.
P"" ;,;c)f ;"to ,I", "",,,,, .. 1 thi,,~, it><lf 'i",o' ,It< I~)"hi<- li fe vf tll<
HW' iu" "I\-c<] "u,) hQ'" thC) directed the",,,,,"-., f<,,,,ard il, ,],ough ,
.Dd " ill. Tb. ""e "",,<ern, iudf" iLi, ,Le fM1I. !h<' ooh", "' i~, [)'" 1"'-
....... "'fo __ '''
Like"';",, fI . '"dOl O("(",i8"" contends ,h .. th, ti,n<].,m<"n':.i ori.!)ta_
,ion of Cr"". 'h"ught "-,,, tD,..~rd 'he pa . . . '" 110 arKn". t ha, f<><
'he Grccl ' hc pro,. iling ')'1'< of hj"o,.,. wM ",~ol. iu whieh 'he
um," ,I)"-'a'~i< 0'- ,Jri,i"g PO"'", iJ, ,he bj"oric~] P''"'"''
".ao """gh,
in th, npl"i. "hid> "'"'" ",Jdc... 'oo<] nol ..., "'''ch in ,h, "_n",, ,,{
I..,gi,,,,ing' as ;" ,h,' "."", of 'c_"..,.' I"i , ',,,\."" I "hal] "0' .""'"
,he", "-,,,,,,io,,. 'h~m..,] ,..;., >i'k'" ,""ch 3 di,CI,,';" n i, I",,'on,] my
,. er. T. 11" "'0", 1/.", 1r....r< C j , . m.. r.....t. p. g._

, . Of>- "'-, p_ gs, Cf_ It . "","-h, ''G""", ",KI Time". pp. 19 "'_
,~ I",""" ~""",." CL, I" PO. Cc ..., 1-'\', Ill. 18 1ft:
.. H. ''''' Gromrn. 10 ,., ''''P of'" ft= .... f~,,!, ..... hi"" of Om/;. 1-.,..
I"".,.,, 1953, PI'. ~ J2; . ...., PI'. "' -5, I07- H, 115--9.
,~ 0" "'-. pp. :18---9.

Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
"'''pe. I 0,,1,. "')' ,h"t ,uch d;"i,,,,,ioll' "",m '0 me o,,,r .. impli;tic.
'\ Iy , ubjc<' ""'''er p"wi,k; ,h~ opportulli,y ,,r pointing ou, ho,..
,b."" &";nC1imI.J (ould h",.dl)' wi,h",,,,d " ..,n",,, <ri,ie"",.
OrigclI doe, ">1abli,h ,u, r ,h. 1''''''''''
",Ii<!IiJgI,aJ <b~,"", ... ill ill
,,~,ce.'ime . li e "I", ha, no 1"";tlI'io,, ill ",akillg abo." aid", 311d
n"tn apta! iu fact ' he laller a pp""'"' ill ' h" ,id" of ItiN, lk<pit<
,h;" howC'-'OCT, I,i. 'hough' ;,. I'M ""c<llcnc~ " If~QI ODe. CD, in::ly
preoccll pie<l ,dlh 'he fltrm, nO' 'dlh 'he 1""'. Tbe ''''Y "01;on or
c3u,~li') """, hh.h,d in hi' cOII""!"io" of ,ime co""i"",.. " pcrcep-
tion of th~ 's<hi~ol pr ....." ill a m""ll er ""'krocorillg c,,,a,urdy
frdolll. 'nu. he c~u ,hin" both ,"""uly ~lId I<k aJly.
To ""ho[;,,.. ,ueh '" 1\0"''''' "",i "an GfUlI;gtn. thio a/linow;Otl
would ott'" cornrodi<1o'Y. The >lu,i)" of Origeo'. thought pro,,~ that
i, is ,)(>t cOIlu'"diew,y al all. 11 f""h," pro",. ~\., simplistic ,ljs
ti'1<.1i," .nd cu '"e ,,,i,,n. ,uo;h ., 'he .bm-c_lIIcmi,,,,,,d. despite 'h"ir
"r~>o.Jing fonl1 l1litiOl'. afT WC"l< ",lid 1101 i,,,ru,i,.,. ill 'OCTm. of phi.
10,,~,hJ" "f It ;,,,,,,.
,\, .n~ '"",., 1',,,,,,,,u,,1 cn-llmly mo",,,,em le.'". ,,11 p"SI<ibil;ucs
"I"''' to NU""aJ ae'io". The,," l'"ssibililH.:. ca" I.., reaJi..--.J Ihrough
the causalil) imhu i n~ ,hi, ' imc_ Tht!, 'the Sotl of dc,;!" m.)" I","<:<"nc
'Son ofG,~!"; j,,,'a Son of '''''il ;. ,,,,, a ,uch by ,'",c'ur<"I~Jt be
It a. b<"" ",fin, be ;. beea ,, '" I';' Own "",ion , '" Wh., <unemlr
Mfe,""",wwi "~I;"nal creal",", "' "nly me ",,,It of 11, ,,ir ",,"'" fre<
ac,ion . T hi, i, hu" O ,il(Cn mainta in. hi, "alu,.~r ,' i~~, of hi, ".-,,,1,1
"'l",itl~ it '0 m"'''ph )''icaJ iml~icat.iol\,', ,he """,. tirn< . ,\cc()rditl~I),
h< ddin,,. atl 'ac",, ' a, ' "a"",,1 .,-SI."'. compruing ,'anou. b"di~.
and co",.ining dill;"-,nc,," or re"",,, , "hieh "cm from th e ,liJ"'rcne~
in kno"'letlgr of God."'"
'n,i, definiUotl I~,i'''. "''' ~,,,n' .., a ,,,.lily, "hieh " 'nah,,...r
and Y ",bted '0 God . III 'h~ .am< <kf",;,ion 'h, ll<>1ion of ca"""I
ily i, dcarly ,ugge"ed throllgh 'he term I'v,,,,,, I",,,a,,,e of l. The
I>o,--p<ttlal mOHTllent, '" lI,od 3c,ion, mea " , 'h,,' Ihi, CxL1tcu,i,,1
e.. ",ah,)" is Tto' a contingeo, One. Tbi, mea", Ill .. , il m" ",,' be >aid
tha, if ~ eau'" an"" Ihcn Ihc ,1f",t "I'pco",- The C"~ " ~ ' ,loco (x.,!
all 'he lim~. Ikre '0""';' r"", moral actioll i1-O<lf. ,,-hieh u, OriS',n',
wocld i. I>crpc,u"l .

337
So ,h cau.al.,)", '" filII)' xi>1'"g in I'm~. d,'ermi" o. Ih. COli'

cep tion of ,i llle i""lf nud i, i. a eous,i" ,, '..., demem of errn,ioll. Ilu,
O"Cc thi, ,,'" ",~bli,h~d. God i, Ut1 I"",ial. ' 11"". ahhollgh ~,. 1'1:')'
exi''''II,"," "f ,hi., <"".. <...
I, ,) i, 1><")"0))11 ,~",<c~. to-,xIom, w,h f""'"
"",I rff1 "'" <111 .,-.,1)' ""pende n' "I,,,n L'H""",,1)' fr<'<dom . For cau.e
and ",,,d, appear '0 he ,\c,,,rrni,,ed b)' f,ce mor.1 .cUOII.
With ""1><<:1 to ,I';" I",illt. I elldo"", 11. CI,.<I...;,k, opillMm ,I""
"Origen i, qu ite e l~ar ,ha' ' he ""I"!l";"!l of Chri>!ianitl" i, nOl !O
be ~"COIlttl,:d for h) all)' n.",r.m"i, e.plan. ,ioltS. n ,,-, SUI"J)' ,hi.
,,'ouid ",,<m collfu,i,tg '0 T. Jlomall "'ho cOll lclld. ,h." "'0 thi nk
(Q"'olly" lIcce".riJ)" me.", to think "in 'enll' of IiIliuroI "'ma."'" lu
anI" Ca><.hi. i; anO/ her COl"''1'' of c"\I~'~ry. acron~ng .0 "Ilich i.
;, only 'he cau>c ,hat '''n'' from ' he ' <"'I)()raJ "",."",d)" ,,iU. The
elf,'Ct ("a,,\I"I), (; ",1', ''''1)()'' .... h' h" ,-,.10."0" to erea''''''') [,,,,oom
.,crn. cn' i",ly from G",r. ,,iII. Th o",for~. "lthough mallibu:d into
'he ,,'orld. it i. origillat-o<l ill ,i ",de"",,,-<. SlIch ;, th e ,a><: of prayM':
in tha, c.,''' c."".'lIit)" ;, uo' a ",b,i on exi!ling filii)' ill ,ime; m, iter
i, "' " nI.Uon ;''''oI''i!)g IXllh time " " d ti ......l...".".
III th i ."bo<-<tio" I "-" '" to consi<kc:t .. ,ri~. Qf ~rgumc ",. io",nd,<l

'0 COlull<r.<CI nc-g;"~)n of either ,ii,ine Or )OW",,,, frdom. and .11
h.. ,;1Ig '0 ,~) ,,' i,l. I li"o,), in olle ...-al' or ""otkr.
The Q""";011 of,be ",b,i"" be,,,,-,,,, G<><I ""d mad 'hrough pm)"er
is d,=,I)" ,,'I"'ed '0 ~'e 'lucstio" of f,,-,, ,,',11 . I< i, nol ,,,,,id.,,,,,1
'hat ,he ,,,,.I)-.e< abo,,, m"""n ..., CXI~)u "d.d ill ",Or. 'n,,: dell
I""ge i. 'he q Lle"~", of " hot hor or " ot i, make> ;0"'" '0 pmI' a'
all bu, ' he ",a] i>'!ue ;, 11,;'; I.... '" ".11 ,ti,;ne f<>",Iu"", kdg" be "'luaml
"ill, 'he coltlinge"<T of fUlUre <."en .. ?
\ \" k"tg no dkm '0 """'1'<' 1/". dll." ,o"" I,, tk"l. "'i,h ~'" "iews
of th"", who <1<:0)' th" u"" "f pm)"r. ,",1 I",,,.,,",, the)" <1<:n)" the
exi,,<oco of G"d . h", oul)" ]><:c"",e lI".., place God al""" 'he L1oi
,n;e ",,,I wlifUl 1',,)\id<11.'" Thrir argumcm ;. \""",1 <>u 'w<> I"'"
,icul." I.... io"' :
,~ It Ch_"","Tt.<- ",ioJ<>,,,,,, of C~ ill U" ,~ of 0';"'0",

- . r..u.;, . 11, TU 61. 19,\7. p. 3:16.
'~ T. I<om..n . at. p. 170.
m J,(Jo. V, 2.

'" Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
I'iN. they "()~e",l" lh"' 'G",I 'mow, all thing; hd',..., ,b<-y arc';'"
of l!>U'g' <h:., occur, He ~!>("... 'H) 0'" fur ,he tu", ,;m,'. ". if ,h<'Y
"en: n", kil o,,,, herun: 'h i, _ 'ill;' i, ,- icw of O,ig<"" . """ V<l
those who d~"y the ,'. Jue ,,f I'ra~~r addt<ce ' he argument ,h.. ',he
hea,'r"l)" Fa,her kJl(''''~lh "hat thing. W~ "h",'e ,,od of bcf.>r~' ",'r
."'" hi",', .. ,,",<,1il, ~1r",. 6. 8. "11,<"r"",. h. "ho i. the ~'"hcr
"",I r."".,o, of 110, w"TI,I, ,,'00 'I""ed, an "'; "~" th", '''..: ,,,,,I ab !'or-
'"ID nOI\C of 'he t hing< which' he -ha, h m~<k. ':ro "'o~ld d."",,,,,,
",I"" i, for Ib~ wdl hcillg of <ach 0 110 ",itho,,' beiog 1'",)"1 10. J LI"
... the f.~lh"r (h:., ",ho pn)lcc" hi, h,hie. a tld (~"". no' ",'. it "POll
th eir "" 1"<>( . eithCT hct"u!C they 3rc " o.~blc to "'k . , ~ll , or bcca"...
dn'l )"gh ig"="'c. Ihq' ofie" ",.,, 1, 10 """"iw ,h""!:' tha( .,... de""
,.",,,,..~'1 to I./.... ir 1)f\JliI and od,,,,,",'; ~"d hut""" b.. ings ~". much
f"nher off fmm God tha" mcr~ child"n are f"'ln t1,. lTu"d (){,h~jr
I"''''''t;.
'l1,orc ;,. also " SCC011d "'1:""'Cl'" tho!IC ,,ho ,Icm- the ".Iu< of
pra)"er ",'~r 'har th~ fU1\''''' i, 001 onl)" forc k"own ID (;od. bu, abo
p...,dclermi""d b) him and I)o,h;"1I corn", 10 pal!! "hich has '''''
I","" I"N~""mli ncd b)" him . ~or if ()I'" wc", to pr,,)" that the .,,"
'hould rn<. ho would Le ...g."led "-' fooli,h ji-Um,-. for f"C<1"c>1ing
, hat something . I<oold h~I~"'n through It;. pmyer. "'1Uc1< would h.p.
I"''' in a,,)" ca><: \\;tho", hi> ~m)er..\lorw,-.:r. if ',be ",idled are
"""""':00 from It... ,,"'Om!>"" ~Jld th,' righ,,'<.lu, man ha, be"n ,j, ,cr-
rni" ed fmm h" ~noth er'. "'"mb'''' " " d )h" chikkfll b"i"g nut )-.1
I~"," ,""il00 ha"iug dOlle all)'tl1 ing good or had. tll " th< 1H1'l~""
of (;C>d "",ording to electio" might "",,d. bot of work>, b"t of bim
,ha, ralk:th.llI [10,'''' ;, Of\<" cone1,,';"n 10 1>< . .."rhed, ,;",. God ;,
"oc h '''g<:~I,I,' ""d h", p""_"',rm';"c_1 ..-.r"h;ug ,h", is..cul '''';(I~.
in ",Ie,t he h", I' r~~",rang<d . it is 01"';0",1)" incon,i>!.IIt 10 pro, ) ,,' ith
th e id<a of altering h" I'llll h)' prayer or of en"ca,i ng him "' ou<
who ha:, 110t I'",-anangpl it hut "w.u.. each (~ l e. pm)'er. '11,;' "'ouM
b" to m" '~ p",y.. r Ih~ ",ason " 'b) G{KI ''''''''1<'"'
"h"1 ;, t;lting fo<
him ",ho P"d)-.. and """Ic> the n " 'I"'t i, d"emed propec, a, if il h,,,1
,,," already h " fo,<"",-n hy him .
... 1)""'1 Su.m..\ n

.~ ~"" ~. 8.
" I'.. ~7. t .
~ G.t 1, 1; .
,~ Roro. 9, 11 12.

339
T h", th~n' ;" " ,,,"ofold argum~"l "gain" 'he " "'.... il) f()or P~'Y
ing. Orig~" ' ''t"d th;, d"ougb the MIlle "'Old< thm the probkm
1",,1 be", j J'<"<l '0 biJn:
f~tr>t .... r.oo the fut"'" b< fu"'tut., ~ ~ an ... all ')"''lr' 10",,1''''' :.<,,:o"U"~ 10 "". "ill of
G<>d. and ;r "lut ;" " iU"d by h,n' i , fi.!, "'''' no<h'J\K of ,..h" he
,,"ill. "'" be ch"'Wd, l,r.yCT is '.in.'"
The question racing him at ,h;' poi", ;, "'" .impl) the ""'lie of
I"'~),c'. Tt.. "'1")-' ' I","ion i, ,,)wd'"r or om ,he dialeclical relation
1>."""",", C oX! and cr~.,un,. ae,,",lIy ,,,rulO a nd ma." ..."""" a mi 1,,,
ther, ,, hether. crcatmo', action m.y ca"" a """",,,,ling action f",m
God . T he poi'" i, ,b<u 10"", to "I"'IT om f,eedom ,,;,b God ',
knowle<lge of the ru,,,,..,.
I~a)'c, ;, ;n bc( o,~~ ~ 1~'T1kular rase of 'I.... '1"""';0" "' b" d,,,r
an acti"n ,.king place in 'ime ,,,,d ",-r."",d '" limd.",n.., rru'Y (llI<>I
a ,e.c,ion f">lll ,in,dM>uc," ., " time . ulncq\Jen' to) tl,;, 'cmpor.d
ac,ion. The ,-cry q",-""ion"hcrcforc, i, "h .. ,h<"1" O ri!:"n hold. a n",iou
of ""\twity ext",,<kd iu both time .... <1 time l~ .. nc ... ! shall mai"taiu
,1oa1 ;" ,le",1 O ' ;g"" do<:s hobl ,uch ~ "OIion , for ,he f.,d '1""";00
i, ,h'" of ""'''''m" of GoXI ,'i,~,'i, ... ,ional er"''''' . We r,tld ' he
u"ti"o of Pf'<"!ClltI."" pu, ,,, i",~gina' i,'r tlOW U!Ie" to IDOW how
G",I', knowl"'lge ;. compa,ihle 001 wi,," hi! OWll frc"iorn, but abo
,,'i<l\ rn",,,,,,I)' [",,:do"', ""'.
A, " "",,,re o[ F;,CI, <he ~.. tionale ;" on" ,no", 1>;,..,,1 0" (b,' fre<"
'~>I" of "ill. 11<- ~,., ... d", 'from c",,(ion"" and ,i,,,., 'the ,,,tl(la
tion of 'h" wo,ld '''' G",I I"" 1-.0(""" e'-'r;1hiog "ud th"&,,. h.
Iu, forclrno" ledge of wb;n 'he chok" of ""r frc" will bc , He "ra.o
OnCe ''<:''u" ,h" lb. fo", k"",,lt:dg<: or (loo ;, "'" ~'C c",,,,, of all
f"tu ... "...cn!> 0< of (,,""'. action. I><rt"ormcd by", "ut of h" "ill
a"d r ho;"". God 10:... ,r"'gt-d """,)1I>i"8 bo-fo,,,h""d in aceord.""e
",;,10 ... h.. he Iu, ""," conc<ming eac," act of f"", "' ill alld ",I""
,,;U be a".,,e,,<I 10)' hi.. p,O\id o""".'"
r; i,'c" ,hi. [",.. Iam"mal opi,tion, be ,n "ocia.., hi< ,"",w' of ,,",,
nlalio" I"''',e,'' God and ma" ,hroub'" p"~)'c<. S;",... '~"h ~n of
,~ JtQ., V, 6,
,~ Kom. I, W.
'~ ) 1.... ~5. 3.; ("w. 11, 50, ((cb_ .,~: 9, 2{;; Kr>.-. ll. B; 11.8.
,~ JtQ., VU.

'"
f"",
Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
"'ill ;, lno ..", to God ;, ;" """)Ilable 10 a,."mc 'h,,, h" abo
f.uo,.,', ,,'ha' "ill pmy rOT, hi. kj rld of d;"><i.ion th e " ~1U""
!<)UlC<mc
of h;, fajl b a"d ~'h,,{ h~ des;",. (0 1,.1'1'<" 10 lu)~. 11 ;, aeronlu' g
to ,hi, knol<'I,dgt, lh~' Cod d;'I"""'. lh;"", .... mc"ha' .. f"lk,.,,,
I "ill heM ,hj, ''''n "",,0 "ill 1>0.,' I'n~l<o"r. f,.- ,) .. '''''Y p"'r'r",
...." ~hicb I", "'ill pm)'; lotH ,Iu, moll I will IK< h<"" <"her t.<""u><'
he ,,-iJj I", w,,,-onhy 10 be 1"' . ... [, Of' b.""",.. 1.0 ..iJj l "'~ !Or Lhing>
"hi'h .... ,..;,10" p..m.,abl<' fo< nim ",M j"")" n<)" P'''!'''' fOf' me
'" v_ut; ~n,1 for l1u, P'")'" I... '" ur '" ........,><1...., I "iU ' ..... h<Of
him: bo, fo< 11,., I ,,-ill I",., lu",.'"
Abo,
I ,,-ill gr"" lit;. or ,I .. , 10 !h;, ,,"''' ~' I", ,,'ill I'~")\ t"",.u", ;, i, hi""
fur"", to do thi, for' oh"" "ho ~' il l pr.,., bb.m<""~ ."d will ,,.,.
pr.>,.., c~,,*,,, u, ,I,. mat'e< of I"")"'" .od ",b,," I>c .hal l pr,,)" r..". a
",.,,>.W ,ime. I "m t.e,,'uv. d,;, or Ih., "1'.... , I,i", '<-",,,,-.ling olootl,"
d,m l)" "",",,," "h., h< ',,1;, f<><" " f.... " " "",,' fur on.. '0 (1""1'''''
1"", ,,, gu<.1 ch-d nd '" ."ppl~ 1"," "i,h ,""'" ,le,,, I", 10.. ""'"
ohio:: to ... IQ . '"
'n .. , O rigo'" (~'''' I''P'
his arg .. "",,, ~y 1'0'';''& his ",,"'" <:011<'1";0"
of 'he min~ "f Goo in '" " .. rn, ". if'l'"ken hy c..o<l him ",If'''' I< i,
"I(I"f",~", hue Iha, God i, !!"rd<d '" ""I",,'ding on gn,u "d. of
,,,mali!!. Ttn" there are ~.prc.';on. l i~e ' M'","", of ' h e prayer ;,,,,If'
\6, (I"'~V ,~. "'r-iV}.'" '1>61& he is 1U,,..onhr of hti,,!!, hc;ud' 5",
'" ';"'~"'v oi>.6v [o .... e.., ''''' """ot>061io<<>IX",.'" ."" ~ h.. loa.
IW'yed (he,., th ing. f", (6", ,o, '"'~'"' ",,,to'V
riI~...,e." ,I,'" ./Jt(Q ... ;1
i. mect fi" me to ,I" Ibio f<" " man "'ho ,,;11 pray hlt rndnJ)" and
,,-ill no' pro,.., carde in ,h" ma"r or pm)"",'" :for ;, i. meet for
me 10 "'ell ..... Ill..... , go<><l dec,j,' iillOi ..... P "",lit. .~ """" ~
1(,;,; ,,-,..,,,1DI4). '" \\1"" ,h"", exp>"t:SSiow! ilI\I"lf~'" i, ,ba, Ihe .... L";o"
hc''''c",,'' m"n ""d God i" PF~),", ;, COtocc;,..,d a, a ",.5ali:t ....1.1i<:m .
" 0,0,. \ '1, .

". l:pl" 3. 21).
". 0,0" \"t.~,
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'" 0,0" \1, I .
,~ 0,0" v.~,
," 11 ...
- 0,0" VI. I .
... 11...

'"
Th" "''''' <.>flhi. rd'lio n i. Ih" prn)'H j,,,,,lfand ;" origina,,,,1 ill lin..-::
(he Ii!' i, God\ ~"I)()n'" ""cl it oI",iowdy ""mC'< from (he ,li,;'",
t;",d~""",,.
'l'h'" ,,~dl of the ''''0 I"''''' Icau,,dTcCl "f (hi, c.u",lit) li,-, in
",ali,;c> ,lilk...,,,, ,,;!h ""peel IQ time. Thi. ," .. ",lily. ' herdo"" may
be >CCll ci'ha from the poi'" of ,ic,.,. of time OT (hal of ';mcle"
lien. "11,< fm. i. 'lui.e . imple. >ince thi . n::bti(~l i. realize,i "' ti",f':
(h~ ...,.,,)0 ofpmyer ",ha,",,'", 'hi' mal" be, tbat i, f,dfiUmebt <.>ftLe
pcti1io", or !>o(1 i. n"dcNiooo;l 10 corn. ajItr pm)"'. 1:1"1 10 iCe ,hi.

,-dation from a "md,, po;'" of I'ie,, i, .~tT(mcly diAicuh. inck<>:l
imfX>'l>i 1,le_
Acrordi1lg t" a c<,.,,~in 111""", Ori'l'n hold. lh01 God 10 ... ~ ..." ...-red
all pm)"" ... bti"rc all ti,," or I'",""'ernally. '" TIb" oowo,'<r, i, lit
I,, ~ll ) a <klli~1 of ~le wry fact ,ha' Ill. di"kC1ical n].,"'" to.,,,c-.:D
C",I a"d man ,.. k", pi",," 0' 'he "''''''C''' uf Ih~ p~~y"r "",,,,,d., I
.J,,,,~d poill' out nC\"nhdN> tha' ,hi, IH"I~"itio" ,"a'c> "'''00 oul)'
if i, i. """" from" t""]"'fal l",ill1 of "; ....... F"f in time""'""", it
ma~cs ,I() . . , " " < 0 diSlo'guish I""",,,,,, 'bo-f"", .U lime' ami ,,,,,,,,'.
"nee ~'e"" ,""io,", "'k "'''S<' ""Jy "';,b;,, '<'IlIp"raJ f,,"leX' ,
11""''-'0", O"C. O,il:""'. """ '".,;"". a ... 'Iudied m<.1 ic uiQu'l). s"m c
.,d"";o,,, m;!(IIl I... draw". Too, exp"''';''''' Ill"loo C\;dc"t ti""
wha, Cod hold. b"forc time i; not ,ht "<f'<i"'"
;",If, b\,. hi' himd
'<ig< of 'he "'''PO''''. Tlu, "'~aJ" 11", C",1. regard"d I'm<" ""r 1'00"
of ""","', aCl> at ,he t;m~ of th~ pr..)'.,-, thc di;Je<tic.] ,da""" i >CI,,'wll
C",I ~Ild him ,, 11() P"Y' i. r,~I)" ".~] at th", ti me: this i, "h) Or ig"1l
pon .... ).. 'he ,,~'c of I""P" a, foUows:
H. " I..,.. m;n{i io "" '''' 1""')-'< i, in """.. -"'''''' profited " , ..... y I'
~" ""tlrd ""odition ir,,"",...
d in P"');"l;. w)",n 10< 10.. di"OO>Cd runo
",If to .I~,,,,,,ch God.,,,1 'J'C.k in ru> 1''''''''''''''
to on< "'00 ",-.,,10
0\"<, him .,od ~ 1''''0<,,,'''
Origen adopt< lh< me11",d uf IMlni ng hi, 0""11 e''''Ol)ti", .. of 'he
mind of G<><I i,""
"'or<!, "" if ' I,oken by Cod h;",,,,lf It "h, ... ,, i.
teO"'" tha, he "'1'''''''''''
God IQ .,,,,all
ib 'he ~'u'ure ten"': ' ] , hall
hc~r" I;."""""~~,,,). 'I sh~1l 'lO'
]war' o~~ '''~''''''''''Q,I, 'h,' I", "'U
"" ..."nh) "r he;IIg hea,d' a,,, fO "V"~'QV ,,,if QV ;"',,&,,' w~
,~ R, """~'.' <it. I~" "l1lf, 257lf,

' " J,(J,. \'U' , Z.

'" Cl",,., Ut " ' " "
'm~<>ooO.i~rolXnl. ' I will gm'" 'lti' or tha,' \.<'W/: ",. <IV o",Itoo>'.
'I ,,;U l>eSlOV< ' (Oo"'~""I"",).L. c.",.o\I). i1 i, O,igo'" "ilo "")~' ",,-10"0-
",-er ",,! ..... "1~)ljcd '0 ,;mcb"",,;, 'h" 1<"'1",,0] implica';on. of
tll <"" 'Hr.. ,hv"ld "01 he t~kcn in ~ ",ic, sen",': yet "' the ,am<
I~,int h< remark. lh., t he f.'Hue tCIl" d<nol<'> "-I",, "will <x i" ill
th e fillo"''''' ''
!'rOt" a tin"']"" po;", of '.;0 .... d.<,.., " DO row,... Still " 'b",
Orig<'1l '"die.,e. i, ,h., t h. a..1,i,,,,
of 0",1 i, ",,(uaU~ ",ahd ill
dialectic,.] rcbtioll to I'F"y<r. , th~ ,i"", Ofl'r.ly<r. This m<"" . Il~"
th e " .."on", of Cod i. "'!l'",kd '" all !Un"". ,,-hicb (fwm 'he "",a_
tu rely I>oint of ,;Cl' ,ake< l~a~c at "'01 ,iJ"". Tbi. become> d<an:r
fmm the oM''''''' h, ,dueh ,h;" dj,,,,," Jnio:m is ",1.wl (0 b"W. 1"
lb o ",me "or k God i, 1"".'''110,1 (0 ,h; "k a. fullo"-,, ~I orcow<, to
,uch a" Ol'~. ,,'ho ,,- ill I>ccom "ch .. ,hi,. J ,,;ll .. od 'Iti, mini<-
,,,iJlg ""~,,,I. ,,, be h .. fellow_"-orke, from ,hi. ,i me oll ,.-",d \"0"
IW& op~<v"" rot. (pO,,,,,, a nd to ",,,,inue wi,h him "rail . \Jch
a rime ""lP' ,oi.& ~. "hile to an",her '\o' ho after (~",i l eo,brad,, ~
higher "'aching i, ~bo,,' to gt'o" ""'''"'''h" """k,,, "",I t"on h,..- k
w.r<l, to "",Idly ,hi" !\,, from him I ,,- ill r~mO\" {o,,,,,n).,<o) thi,
I"igluicr fo ll owwor ke,".' " Thi . i. why Origcn "a'cs that h,
" '00 ... pra,~ "iU hear ..-hik he i, ,'ct Sf><',,~jng, ""reei"ng, ~' the
power of hi", who 'hea,.. ill h"a"cn' ''' 'he ' H". I """ ha"ing " ..,
as~k. 1..,1,," he p",~)"cd. all di ... "i,faC1ioo conremiog 1'm,1de".,.,." L >1
'l1,i, mcan, th., COIl rc>]",nds {,I",t i" MI,> ~t ,h" ,imc of pr",)",.
Wha' exi... Id'on: " hi. J.",m'lnig< of ,hi, ~et. in 'he o;"n, ,,:I," ,I""
(;",1 ha. forelmowlcdge of "'''I),hing ,h", ",-ill It""""" ,It"
in ..-orld.
A,,) no,;o" of ~. 'h,..,fo ..... doo-s no, I'<'''"U\ 10 God', ,..-t lor.
ToSfrII'Ut '0 'h e I'r-.)"er), b", 10 bis k"o,,-Ic<lg~ of ,,' h~, "'ill hapl''''' i"
th e -".ti" ...f 1'" ", ,,, o'CCn",' .!CU,.; ' '''' <ip~ "'" ;"o~i,_).'" Thi,
<1;";I1C Io,o,,-blg' I"", ,n ,~, ",;th hi, I'",,idc ncc a nd 'he <>1'''''';''''
pn:""",ing Got! '" '<feeting' ""meo"" ""c h a. I' .. d, for eMJ>lple art
I~..... i 0" ,h, ' ~.cl ,It", God is I,.. 'wbo 10' 0"" Ihe f"",.re e,-"" ,, :md.
th <<<1."o, 'ch,x",""" 1'.",1 hd.. ro kllQ\,-,ng "ha, p.u1, due ,.. Iti,0"""
," 0-0.. \1 . _
~ joy-., ':joy-.. ex.
'" 0-0., \'1. i,
,~ j Kin", 8, :10_
,~ 0-0., X. L
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he " ill, will do ,luring hi. liIe. '''' 'l1lU' 'OlKl ,ri<.
I"'<~)I< 0' !lO'
b<:c."". he does ,>01 k,,,,,, d,, oole,,",. of ,b,';' ,";"1 ~u , ;" 0"1,,.
to gi"c Ihem 'he OP I"'rlur,il)" ,,, d" ,,h., ,he)" .... nl beea " ", <of ,heir
freedom of <ho''''''.''' I" ,;~". of ,h. ,. 'p,,-ll<~"" i, pn:diClio" "f
f"our< ",."",". )"<1 a" OC"lJ rT<llCO 1"". pla n." I>cc.",.. i, ,,">u ,,,i,\"
bu, 'i, ",,' .\aid !"'r~u'" i, " ,,, goiHg 10 take ~I""e' , ,,.
It ;., QU, of ' h~ """,jf"",alio" of God io 11", wo,.ld thal "" all
I~,,-~ SQ 'IlC <onceplio" "f 0",1 a "d f,mn ...,me nOl io,,, of ,,h.'e,..,<
I;j"d al,,,," him'; ,I"" ' ... 0 >n" bi. h"li"os, "' h< cale . for,,"*,c .
jLJrIg.., <1",,,,,, . f,,"'Ik .... ' eeoi,,,,, 'U"" away fTOIn . rleem. ,,"orlhy
of honour, pu"i,b", each ouo ,ccOTdiug '0 I", ' le""""'.'" T hmugb
coo,,,,,,,;o,,, ",c h '" th"",. erral",.es 1,,,,.,, "" "r~)rr h "",i"" of God
and corn,' if> rl",lcc'ical ,d" ,i"" ,,i.h him . In 'he,," ""uo", 'ro",'
",.iog i, induded ab.o; ye. ,hi, i. not ull(k r>lo"d a. 3 kin<1 of iJC_
of God iu rel.,io" '0 <",a",,-':,. Thi. R>,t .... owledge men m, her '"
God', irn"",redge of 'he aPl'""rule ,ime (nup<.; , ..-h ieb he ",ill
choose for hi. ",.,;0". This pel"Cep';o" ;. ''''lc,1 in a Gree k purrioo
of PrW-:
FOI" .,-,,,1. ."'. >0 to ,!",. l< . i>u,o,,r.blc and '~<u- b.toil '" i,",o
"",,,,1>)" . nd " I0all)".., .h
It",u- 0)0>""'''''''.
"'cu-l'u'1_~. I~ciJ- incb
n io", .,,,1 Ih oi, ""1',,1..... of whIch ,I,,.,, i. ",,[,' 0'" pnfect
"'I""ri,,,,,oden,. "'ho h .. full l<,,,,,, k dgr "'''~ of th, n" ... . . "d ,,,,,,,\.:;j
the 'pp"",""'" oUd nd th. l"'Ih; .,Id ,be ~~;~. ""'''<1) the G<<l ."d
F..ha of ,be u"""~",,, '"
I" Gb, h""'<I,("'. I'""icubr , ml' ha,i. " In" "" ~umlg , ...,,", rcl)'
r.""dom of ",ill:
Since OWl i hk ,,, w",ide, <I"-lhing.od 10 "'''dlOg< ,~ .,. !hilO g '"
",doT. ;1 oI"'n.' .,., "",,,,.-..i<,,j
,h. , he i. ,",,,,"HOg 'ogett.;,. ~i,h pro,,
<l<n,," o~"'~~'o ,~ "p""o1o;t ~...&n"'''. ,.,.." """,ko ~h;'-h an 'Il<"
prod"", U,,. m,,,, l)' of """ I",Ium.] ;n"i,,..,, ",id, ",hi<~ I". i. ""J.,,,,ed
1:' the I"",id.. occ of God. bo, also of h~ '-"'" d-t.Juj;I11 ,-..i "" """''''
1ii; 'p""or... Iwi; IIYJU ",,,<l-.t.i;,"" nu<' rei ..... I"",,," ,'"
,~ MO., \T 5 .
,~ >#If ;" PG 1~ . ~'Il 1 1f
'M j.u"". 21
" MO., XX IV. 2.
,~ rm., ' I t.l." .
,~ CW. 1\'. 82.

'" Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
T he "",j"" of """",,lily 1><1""<1 time and ,imck .. no" i. I>crc_~i\-~d

"'" ",dy in ,d",ion h' the c:rt,,,,,,dy fu""tioD of Jlr.l),CT. hut 300
"'ith "1:'",1 10 an) asp"'" of ,b e <!;al1;cal relatio" h"',,"~'n (;",1
anrl r~<ional c!'I:""'c . Indeed O ri!(C" goe. ~, f:.r a, to attim) a son
or ""W"tI"'Y in Goer. act;"" ,,,,,.-am. m cn. In """V" he portray. ,hi,
o"niug<:Il" Y by cOIlHu"",iug "" the ""yiug
!ftll.. ".. ,On. ~n" ,,-hom I 10.,.. p""''''''>c<d turn lion, ,viJ , 01.0
I ,,;0 '"1"0' of~", <'i1 lb., I ,houghl to d" un,,, "'<m .. . . !fit ",",-,
",-jJ in "'r .ight. ,ha, i. <Ioc. uo< obcj' n'l" '-oic<. "'" I "ill 1"pC'" of
,h, good. ","""-,,i,b I ,.id I """kl t..n.H, "'cm,""
Urig<"ll f.."l, it rlccc-;,ary '" 'cxplaiu 'he 0(')1;"" of God', "1'<"'"11<".
For 10 "'pc'" '<Clm to he a l,lcllli,h a",1 u"w"nhy IIot ollly of G"d
but "'-en (}f a ""'" man', ,;nee ,"p<:r"auc< ", ,,ally "Pl'~(" '0 what
h"" ''')I Ix",,, oo".tdo",<l ",-11 ,\> God has a fo"'~ n",,'Ic"<l~ of f"tu .....
",-c n" ]", ca ,uM be ",id ,h'" he ha. no' c",,,id,,,,,d ,hinll' ,,-,,11 ."']
'h ercli>ro he rq>Cll" _'" "[1'; , i, a ']OIe" i"" '0 which cxten,i,..: ",",Iy_
... , are d~w",d T he (ouc lu";()1\ ;, ,ha, oh",e arc figu~ of """",h
'lflpIO)-,d hj' God iu h;, "'"'tion '0 u"n. '111i, ;, like ' I"'.>king to
'hahic;" ",,<I Ib<t, h~ '1'''',,,,,.1,' 0\0' ,,, ' now ,he fuIOr. ,bj,\&"'. "" so
Ih., '",If-dctcnn;natinn ;. fr~." " .nd cannut be pu' in 'IUN io".'"
Since. lh<rd" .... 'G,~I P""kJ"",-, ,",":I)~ h i1)g, ","i,her do<, he bC"~lle
nugr)' ,,0,- doe. he ",,><:nt' ; 'ro/",a"",,' """"''' God '. 'c;"uJlg 011' a
forroer ll,;"g ,,,,,I ," 'lalhe,i, (1U",(I,a'<;J W ""0,10,., ,1;'1\0"0"";""
(o; . """, i,,) of ,bi,,&,,'. 'O:; Tbu. '''''I~'h1,,,,ce of God i, ,aid (0 I", ,be
mc,,",h<;,i, ~~'''9..,,:;) ,,(,he d;,-i,... disp<-n,.tion ci""_i,, fcom on"
th ing '0 ~ Ilo'hd. h, fac' 'th< al'~r"hil itr of hum"n choice C~IIn"t
be '1'1'1, ..1 '0 God. It ;, u'. "nil I"",au," of ourscl,-" . who I"",-.::oke
,b, cl'''''g"' of Ih. ili,;"c di.,,,""~'10,, I))' pru,-j,'S ou".,I"" " ""-0<'
th ) of ,h, hOlloOl< ~ftt:d h)' C",I". T h", "hcn C ",I "')-' -I h.,,,
"'Iw n'ed fo,. )" "ing ord.;tlC'<l S.u1 a, ~ 'ing', '" Ih;, ;., ""id i o",~,1
of' l .... no to beto'" ,h~ )",\,~,. of rcigll; "g to another o" e and "1>_

'"
p"lldi ng him from b.o' ng p(". ~rfur . Jo ;" .. if God .aid ,hal 'Sa ,,[
,o.o,k ilimM:if UI".-onby of beiug a killg. ID if [ h~d " ,,'" ,, ''' . " ."
r"1~ibl~ of rq","';''I; r co"ld "'1*'" "bo", hUn. Thc" ",I.)' he " ".,
ord.inc<f) 1:Ic<:""..,.,
,h., ,in... h" "'.... " -o,,h) _ 8" " b) rh~ll~ill!! hi,
mind he ha, I>o;om< """'ol'\h)" , '"
'nli. ",,,,,,,,,illg ;, ill,lic3' n'c of how "rollgly Origo=u /i:d, nbout
(he di~loctical eclatioll !.<'WOCll God "",I r.ti<>1l~1 cr<a'nn:: . T here
.. n" need ,,, (hal"'ng~ hi, arguments "" a strie.'y logical I",,;,; ,he",
" ,'" ",,,,< ,,,,worth y, in the ""me ",,",0: ,h'"
he ch""",' I'all[ [,;- forckU(,wiug "hat 1'11,,1 would he"',,,,c by hB
O,",'b free ",'ill.'" Faith in ' di';Il" di,I"<""";o,,' i,,>",,"e' <o",icuoo
al"'," j.. 1",,,,"\,-,1.,,, goal. altbough it ~ no. 'ea.y' far men 10 kll"w
., ..... <ra""" of di51''''''a'ioo .... Th .. old Sloic <CII<"1 i. parr;.."bd )'
hdpf,,1 al Il,i, poin' .
Wh~, i. "f importallce iu 'h"", ,latem",," i. ,ha' 'hc di" illc a nd
o""a'"ITlr ,,iU en""'m"r each o,her in '1,",o<,u",,, a",1 (om" '0 a
,bake'ical ",la,iOIl. Thi, "'<:all, Iha, 11" , "",,,,,,,;I!ih,y. ,,bid. of 11", .-
,it) "rro,,'~"" ie. etca, ,, ,d) r",<"do'" i. l'eree;"1 ;11 'he eo""' ~'
of (a,,<ali,), ~"~lAj ,,J, cd bt,,,"'een ,he ,im. of ,h< ,,"wl,1 a nd di';lIc
,im<1o .. " o...
G",I. ,herefo ..". h'" fordnO"olcdge of the ca"""i,,, diaJtt,jcnl rela
,io". ,",,"'cell hh" "ud 'he <,caw,,,.; ye' tb" rau,ali,y iw!f;, "",1-
u<od ~t ~ c....t~ill ' ime. I ,hQuld. 1l<\"Cnhdc... <mph"';<. ag:<in ,I""
,he di"i 'I(;Uoo' bo",,,,n fo"J. ...,* of a ca"""i,-. n I.Ii<;", " " d a ",u-
i:;atit>. of it mak.,. "'"" II'II'",kd Ol~)' fmm a l"n'l",.,,1 fk) im of
,;,,... Fm ill 'he fi".1 anal)~i> it i, ,iIIlc that thi . ,b"illc,j"" i"",1f j,
1>;.",,1 on ,
~'",m a timd." poi'" "f ,ic-"'. h",,"c,..;r, Ihi, distit .:';"" makes no
ac'"al ' ''''''. 0" accou nt of the ah... nc. of tim., In a causali,y ,,"h~r<
wth 'ime "00 ,imcb,n"", are il\\'ol"<d, "0 C"IH'()1 ""1><-':' tho co'"
,,,,,,iot,,,1 tc"'po"d ",,,cc"';"n, '" iu " ",ad)" ,"",por..1 ca"wit)". for
example, io a mpor.l ("",ali,y , h,. <""'" i, al"'a)". /ififl' tQ tbe re",I,
(Of , '" moot, ,i",,,l';,n.,,,,, to i' a. jn ."\';'tol~'" """'''pI. "fIh" "dip~ I.
1\", ill a "",,~,Ii'y of dl" killd c"",;cIer~,1 he'" 'hi> i. ",0' impli,od
'" "-)n. la. 6.

... MO., VI, 5 .
... CW. In. :lS; ~ >1>0 eN. t\ .,;o; V'. 79,

Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
"""..,aril)". Th",. Origc" "'gaol, ,he f"",," "wn' a, the """" <.>f
Goo:l', forcimowlcJgo of it.'''' Tit", meal'" ,h., ' he di,i"" foreknowl _
edge is ,b,' "J~IJ of ~'" r,,(1 ,ha, an e""" will ,,, l e 1'1.,." in ,be
It",n"", ! le ..... , ,,, this caso ' ,I,,' ,. ~" ... ' is fmlnior to (h,' ,..,,,,It. Il""wer,
th e tern, 'f,,,,,,,, ' applie. Ol~Y 'Q a Wlnp<>r.>l p<>'' ' of ,;.-w alld ,hi.
ea"",.li,)" ,, ltort tlt e . uccc-<,ion of ca"", ."d re,ult a w.-erSc<1 i.
r<"g;mbl f"'lll a telllp,,,. 1 po'u, of ,~"', ''''', God k "o,,~ the fumI"C,
but from a ,imel.,.. poim of ,-k,,' "" >c,,eo,;o,,' ",,"'"' ,t<) ""'"" , It i.
a "''''llOr~1 IlOi'" of ,;, ..... from "hich i, i. oaid ~,at God fore know
th e n"Uf": Ue .'10'>" it. y<t not IlS}imiff. TI,"" "hy """'Y-p,,'pho-
eR:, nooL" C hri>t h.,-.: hee" ;1a'cJ in , fon" " if 'hey ' had al""d)"
""''',. to I"''', namely I'rt" T"n", '" Trini,) ""'. ,h"m as already
ha,ing OOme to 1""" \,,~,6. 'i5~ ~,i.vo, , by ,-i""c of 'he fac, ,ltat
<I,e) h.,,, I""'n c"'''e",plat<"(f (lJ-.Mrr~" ) by (;,.-1 .
If .ncb " .. e"",nt "..,,,ld .. <m "rang" alld unCUIIC"il".bl" a hLU>'
,in:<1 yea", "W), i, ,bo,~,1 "'" ",cm .0 in our ,ll). T wclltied, <cut"r)"
"'~rk> a .--a<fical cbanse of a "orld.pi<tu,",, which ,,'i,h co""p"""
ri"d) ",j' l()r alteration, I",led fo' (,,'0 a(1 a half lhOtJs~nd ) ea .... ,\
,'''''1 uumt,.--, or "wio; <.>f m"der" ""hob"hi!, On ,ito" ,houk1 b<- dis
1'0><:<1 ,illlpl,' beeau",' ,he,' in';" on t"'"ling th< qO!."ion on ,he
prcmi>< tha t the '''UI'< ..... i, the /l:e"1<M,i," "ne . Cenai"I,' 'h< 'I'he",-)"
of Rdati,i,}" i. uot e,,",il)" ''COId"blc nor ito p."",lo:Ucal notion' "",I
cl.,,,,,, """ ,,('= i ~l~ '0 tI ... b~' n ' a" , T h" [<Cl is. how","'. ~'a( d);,
th "ol",. i, b<'tol! It) .nd br-gc ,;ndi".("d f,)r o.ImO>1 onc 'n'",)' n",,' .
T hen'f",,. l'hilosoph) """lid '!("di" ""Un> '0 ilS Chap,er I. ~tod ,hi,
eh.p'cr is ,h~ ""d)' ,if the ""rid pie""" ",""oT'(Ii "g '0 'h, ,,.-elltietl,_
<c"'''ry p.:n:eption. 'l1,i, i. "'" 'he proper place for d<,-doping d'; .
a.-gu,ue"t ti"thtl.)"'" [ i""eI"" O1a,<,~e" ( tha( (h" ,I;" i"ctioll of(i01'
'n l'a'(/p" ... nt/fu",," i, on l)' ~ human (1I~,io" (' a goo<l ,,~"it\l!
I~,i'" for rdketimL
x.. retuming to m)" ]>lU1icubr p<>''''. I >Il)' ,hi,: c,-"n in regard <.>f
our vi>iblo uui,-er:;c. tha, d,e ll otion of JimuIhm<i!J ,,,.I<c-< no "",... i.
n""..-.,b).. con'ownl)" ag<e.,1 "pon. 0<" '''0'''' h... n'" "n)" obj ee,i,..-:
ror",'l"-" ><J,.", '"0''' ." ~ pl:.ce of ~ /(.". ()",,,,,,,,(I, ligh('f""'" ~".f
Thc argumellt> .b"u l prayer .. ,,<" '\l>t"lui.) an: baoed lJ p<>" ,hi.
prc1lli..:, i, i. ,~k ll for granted tha, God'. ' uo,,~ a o!!icc,i,-dy tb<
, Cl c.t, It. w_
, !<If'>. Z.

'"
",m e ,,;,11 ,h nhl)" 'no,," ", In ,ic,," <.>f t he fac' tha' <'"'' in tI,i.
,;,ibl< ' p.cc mo( (,) lu<miOll otha, non_ElIdidc:m. 'p.~cc> ""died
U'''n'i'~I)". paniclllad f' d uri nS ,he last deea"'" i " <:<1O"(",,ioD ,..iu,
'he problem of C"""~ I ,h"", ;, "0 .,j""'lI~'wi'). lb< nm"' ''';on
,h'l Go,r. 'now' ;" th e """'.: ,,-i,b the <~ rthlr 'now' i, j "" ab.md .
A! J arg>Jo in the Corl ch"j"rl_ 'he "",ioll of 'imollminly make> nO
se""" C\"("1\ in t h;" ,.;,; I,Le U 11 i,-er"". Iu 'he light uf 'Il,OXlry of R cLui, ; ty,
"alC''''',,'' >1wh a. 'any on"m'''' of Iune i! 'he ."n", in all place,'
(1'. G."""ci;' or '.ve!) jndi,-isibk mum",,, "fd""'~liOl\;' """),, 1>".....
(;":""1(>0 a,.. n ol ,.,.lid an)" m of'<. ~Iodc ", ",h o l.,.., ,.., Y<'I'>
'mlll)"
,jie, th e cOIl,L'n' Hrif..,... ,iou of the TbOXlr)" of 1t.laI;";!)" .bould <li, _
"",i.,,, them ... ,," .. rrom ,he "'.""onian ,,'orkl'picwre.
I" ,;"w of ,I\.l!, R. Sombji', olri rtion.'" tb'\I O rigtH ",a,-. ... OU
" 1...11",, (:",1', d,.t\grk... " ill , ho" I,1 l>e ,';ewed:.os (j",ddS or ..xj".
illg ill adl',,,,,,e, 'h" to '" ac1u,lI)" "'P""""" what 'he Ih.otvgian n;all y
held .00," 'h, ,\i" ioc ,,;11 . AppcalillS '0 <bOr 5 6. hc ,.kc, i, 11""
Origtn I~OU1p' for ,he L,,, .., ",,,,,,,Iy. ,lo."
G",i'. will e:..i"" in .. k a'Ke.
11", !hi. is "0( ID<- c..,. (
oil . The ,~,'i 'k ' " 'ill ,xjm ,;mekssly . "d
" "' a"il">l~d j" ,ime '" dj" ...."'ieal ,<'la' ;"" ,,, n~"""el)" fn:edo", .
n "". fnom a Icmpoml (1I\at i" 1,i","';c-all po;n' of "","'. Goo', "'ill.
'l"i,c 1~"ad",icaJlr, "l'pC"" '0 bc /(mllc<j '" /uw and iJl~<c<1 DI IN
Ii= "'"'" ",,,,,ill nea,u,d), :>e' ,.... ~, 1'1""". Thl> is whr Orig=
'1>'''''' of God', rel'e"'"oc~. Still he ", akes " "C'Y timd"'''''", al
1"""', wh;d "'oDld b< I'a,~ "",;",,, '"ell1ion:
5p<iliog uf (;od . the 1,.... ioD of] rcpco'",,,,, ;, uut ~ prcmc.,< uf G, ~ I
hi", ..tl: b", li' ~ p",d;coI<] or th, "",,,,,01 (/';"g<, "bich 11", "'1".".
'on,,. i, ",f<ffid 10.'"
O n 11 ... Qll}.r h,,,d , ;f C"d'.< ,, ;11 j, n1pN~,<J from . ,; ",de," 1'0;'"
of ';~"", ,h< " ,h" to",i"n "f " " .d,'.nee' oilnpl.,. makes "" ,e n", a'
.U , T b"" 'h e case i, u(~ "' '; "'1'1, "' the dis,iHClion I""wtell wha,
" hmi/t a",1 ,,'ha, " ill .m'/JIW, T h<: ,.c1\,~J ,L.';,,,,,;on i, ",b~t b~r
0",1", ,,ill ;, res."kd fnom ~ ,,"mp,,~~] or ~" .,em)","'] po; ", of
';e ... . ]u Ilk' fi"'1 C",,< , cti';Il' ,,;U ~o<,. Om o"'>! ill ad,',"ce '" 'im~
1,,,,,1)', blot i, i, pe,<ciw d ., jomuJ 41 /Jv titrv when a co rtain dial,,,,,.
,i",,1 rrl"tio" l",'",ccll God and ere"'uT'C> ,ake. I~"CC. \vb", ex;'"
,~ R_ ",,"bp_ Of- <iI., I~ " "10-1.

m ;".u.., 20.

'" Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
ti n><b.I).' i, Gnd', "'"mlIng. vf "'''Ill',

not h., will . lhn IT",m an "Wm-
po",] point 0( ,;cw, t he,", Jj,,'~,"'J()n. make nO "'n><. U u"" the_
foc<. "'~ ". '""'1101":,1 I",;,,!!> "'ganl God from a ,,"' poral I"';'" or
\;"". nu ".ill <kit, ~., ",i";,, "'*""'"
'~":J) t hou~h hi, l:m!."Wct of hu
~,Il e-'<ist, "",eh.I)". ,... a mancr of facl. ,h" 'l',e";(>11 ;" at.,,,, 1he
d;";IlC wowl".!gc ,,;,b cc,>cc' to 'he entin:.)" of t'mc. T hen: i> rtf_
=ncc to th e n chll'" of 0",1'. km",blg< of 'he tLin". Jl"" and
p"""'" and f,,,,,re ye. , h" kno..-Ie<ige i, <o",tas,ed "';Ih hi. acti,iry
in Ih, ,,"u<ld as Logoo .,;,
In 1"';Ul of lh i, . Origen ac"~,lIy d~1
!Om tIC' any dilcm"'" of lhe
"''' Ih'" R. Soml~i dC>cribcs.' " III tko, he '1,.,."b of wha, God
I;ro.,". nOl ",.ha, God IWJ or tt,iIls. "''''''I'thing ... b.ed 10 ' he nOl;""
of"iU ;. actuall)" 'he """'dNlp ofhio ,,ill at ' he ,jme ,, hen 'h i' con,c.
w a <:<11.0;" (tial.clic~ 1 celation " 'illl ~ m~,,' , "'ill . So ,,><: c",," is n01
th .. w<'y, hing i. ,b<nnincd ill .d,~ "c., ~. R. i>orabji ",marh.
' n,~ ca>< ;" d~1t G(~I k"",,', ""M}th ing ,jmcl=ly "ud hi. ,",'iU i",elf
is iU"al"cd only wbco "" oceum,nCe ,~ke. place. T h u. Ori&"u <kni,"

,b e "00;"" of ,Iuutg< 0/ lh.:Jt"Wce, H""",..,('. be does nOl hcoi.a'e '"
',lIrilH(I< '" God " "CJti,}n of ,.';/ling 'Iumgr. a.Cfonli" g 10 a c"",
tu"" meri",; Ihi, doe> in fa" '''!!!le''"
,/wlgt 0/,";11. " 'hich i, ti on"-
le .. , ,\her all. "oilllng a <Mngr (I"".
"0' rcall)" <1l la il ,hmA .",. "oill.
Thi, imcrpb)' i. un<le1"'oo<l in tb" <"mext of God', dial"",jc;')
",latio" " 'i,h 0'",,,,,.,..
This is "by ~,is is We c... of (""'.,!;{J l .. r"~e"
time . Il d 'imd...... ,,"""
Cd"" lW'W th,,' "'DI<lrulll! 1al.-c, rla"" by "~tu< of ha'iD!( 1><1OIl Plc-
rli<1<d I') ,'"'''' L;"cI of f"""ight. Bot "e, cl" ,,,,.. .no.-;''lI for th;~ ..y
~ " , I., "'I,,, 1'0",,01,1 all ",,,,"t is !lot ,I,,' c."", of ,hi< ""m;ng '0 p ...
;n ,he r,,,urc. i'''' beca~ .. he f""IOI<1 ,hi<, lI e gran' ,h" , fu,ute
,,cm ..11I 0C<1U". C""" ",bi. i, DOt pf<".oct<d. For it i, ,hi. 0<"<1"""""<
,,,,,If~hich p",.,i(l<, ,h. c~"", 10. f"""dl<r .., ,b.t h" call pr<di<l
d, ;~ '\'HI ;ill thi, l> 1'''''''''' i" th,' fo,d""",'k dge of 11", 1''''I,lte'' ror
if 1" <~rr<'>c< ;. op<n (0 ,he ,,,,";nlfC'>C"f of ,,; .... ,. cooning Or not
o;u ';ng '" P""- ";,h.". of ,he,., coo,,;ns<n<R.~ m.), "",u.ill ,,"u". 1\"
do not ,,,,.,,,, t~"t t~c onc ",1>0 ~." r"",Io_1c<W ha> thc I>OWeT of
c.1l<e~u~ 11 .. f'<'<>iLilh)" of on ","ut hal'l'<,uJ\g O!" not h.W"oi~~,'''
..., _ . 18, IXl 17 , ~'<) ',

no R >or>.loji ,,,..., thf .... ot in>ccu,"", .u.g.tioru. .00.,
Or"",,,', ' ...... at
.""""" 1"""' . too: C" "', tit" p, 257 .
... . ,.,... n , 69. Ak.>an<"" of Ap~ u!,!.,.~ ,lu. SwK- ngu"""'.

",,'iog ...,,,,.thi,,~ .""~ .. th,.., r h;" ~'iU d"fini,d;- o<cu', .. ,~ " "
i"' i>o, ~ bi.. fo< it to (0"''' ab,,,,, ",,,,",,,;,,,. n,i, f>CTt~i", w all IQ .....
kno"'I"'~ ,h" "....
ol "'...,," okp.. ,.h,,1' 0'" ou, r,,,.. "ill, ~ 1... <1.. .1.
iuS ~' ;1l, lhc ,ti';nc ><';1''"''''''''' "itl1 Gecd ""ri<~'"
I" a"r c,'cn, Orig~ll do,,' nol hold ,ha, God h." challg<k .. plan
for n ><:q llcncc of C\"<Oub. a ' R . Sorabji' " and P. 1'1.,,' " n" d mM' )'
o,ho,", d.um . S"ch a ,oie"," eo"ld co'''pro,,,;,,. bi'l I\u.. h",,"" 'a l ,Inc
(,;ne of cr.a",rcl) f... " do"" "hi<h pbl' a prominent ru~ ;t> h;,
en,i,,, eo" ""pliotl of ' un .
R . &;',,,bji mrumai"" all" (ha( GoJ uot ort!)' luocn<-. b.. , nbo intend.
(he ""IU<l1<O of C\"C1'L'- y ", Orisc" bolt!. , .. cb ~tl ojri11i"" o,~y with
reop"" .0 Ood', Ol'o1l ac.ion.. not '0 ,loo c...." ",ol)" Oft'" of "' hieb
God has 00\1) kno,,'I,"~. I" eon"",' '0 Sor.t~i, "1';";':"" Orig~n
/Jot, hQld ,h'l G",I Ih;nk, ;n loL.,nrdJ.,,;,',: ,<nn, ,,, ,d lhi, ;, " """"'tly
wh,. co""i.",,,. tho mlCiaJi.)' of , I,i, time. Thi, i, ,,-10), he nJli"",
(ha, " 'en (h"", ,",'h ieb aw.>,.o be eompl",dy lInimro'"'''' a ... n,kd
b)' 0",1", p,o"idenCt: ~o\ ,0: Iixp~o'" v"~ 1~6~,vo ~POW>(Y e,,,iI
bto,,,,,;',,,).'" An,1 ,Iuuugb him all 'hings " 'en- ",:.d,', 0",1 in onler
'hat .11 thing. mal" be made bl" ' he [.vgo,. h< ,,,,,,od. n", Ut~)' to
m~n b,,( al." C\"C1l to 'hi"g< ""PI"'''.! .0 he w,.igl\i~ca,,' ""d arc
"",,,,..,Il,,,1 b)' ua""".,"
l'm,id,''''," ,up""ise. and" i""ol",,1 n'~ .impl) in ,he "'.n~
"'''pie tunctiOD of ' b~ " 'orl,l. b", al,;o U\ ultlj",I"al "IWraOOll of ucb
<I"~"J"' . In f"<1. di,';ne ' ''I'''''''<Oon i, <ollCem ed w"n ,,';,h ",I""
sec"" 'JUil~"," n' to buman "'>n,i<kFd, ion,
AU ,~. ,\01.'0 '0 ,h. ''''Y b ... God .,"p,,,,i... 1' the f"'I"or of hi.
"i.oo." ""cl ,!~'i,"gui,1o<. by 'he co",rolh".: 10.",1 vf hi. j,~W"m ..,," ~
Th" "ffan"" of R. Sor~bji rO""", u;ng Onl" I;';;' u, Ih<' " ... 'ruoD
,h .. God e"abl;, hed <cft~ i n ge n. r.1 principles in (he ,,"'orld . nd
'hc .... f,cr .... (io<-s "ot ""od '0 ca .... ~hout <,..,"'"re, itr ""Mlb>,. 11,<
care of (".od 1\" d,e "wl,1 i> regankd a. j"" a c~'" for 'ho w"rld
on CtU, n. :/0,
,. 0,. "". p. :/60,
,~ 1'. t'W., .,. U/. , I~ " t6 7.
' ~j, II"', 2 11 . ~h" . 10, 2!1 It .
.. CtU, 1'1. 71.
'" lb ." t 1.9.8.

Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
11< n ui"h.'" lhH ,lti. i; e~",ctl)"

the (~'I~"i ," of Origtn' . ",a.] ,"""".
found i" """'0,,""'" ""ch", ,be rollo"'iog:
8u( (;>xl c.',., no, onl)" r..... """ ,",hol<- roi; ","""I... Cc"". 'binh. bu,
be p.. r """"lieuc< I~,p< ....... , ,,. I',,,,,,,"'ar care of ""I) Mioo .. ]
C"'.'U'" (J<;u, ... ""v,,,- J..noo>to,'"
T hi, ill r"~1 '"gg'O''' th e iml".,n"'I<e gr:>,,,<-d '0 c.d, i"di,;d",,1 f>C ....
.... ". ,\ , a 'im~ " 'h, ,, "le
h(Jm~n i",/i,'id"al (l'a"i.cul,,,]) ~ Chri.;"n
w""' "",i,lly ""impol1anl. Uri~' "rg'" hi. he""" '0 f1 th .. each
OI1 C of ,hclll i. , in 'he qe. of God. '" illlponau, n, 'he emi ....
\Own .....:
Uockm.".d d", )"QU . r< .. ><><I1er ,",orid ;" ",inia,u"" and 'hot d",re
;, "id,;n )"" Lhe 'U". , be mo"n ... ..J Lbe """- .. .. '11';, "o,~l I...
,he Soo of 0<><1. It h,. ' he HoI) Spiri,. "" ,he prophet "')'" fly d,e
11'0,,1 of 01 .. 1"",1 "'<
he.m,". "eTe tOm.,.j ..... ~I b.,. ,he Sriri, of hi.
0100,10 alJ , loci, ,U'<nJ!!h.'" An(1 in aDod "" j>L>c in 1iL. m.m"". lb.
~I'iri' of ,h. l.onl ha, fUkd "'< <.,,10.'"
110.,,.00 ....b., Cb"" "')~
'" )'0'" ,\,~ ] belwld I an, ,,-id, )"'" """)' ",..-to (0 11 .. ",,,I of ,Le
age_'" .-\I,om" ,Ite lIoIy Spiti" i,;,..;d. And I "id ['OUr " my ~ti,
"" .11 ~d, .00 'h<) will 1'''-'1,1",..,-. '''
So 'he conch"ion al."", the imrorm "ce of "'''0) irt,li"jd ll~J hum""
being Iwf"re ,he ~")'d of God <OIn", 'I"il" prolnptl~: "YO ll h.,,
."''1',ltillg Ii"" ,he " 'mid h""H. '"' ,a~~ Orig.n 'Q lci. congreg.tion.
which mean< ,h.t i"d i"ic]w,] h,,,non ",:,i"n i, ill no ..,IL""
,mim]M'"
tall '. Thc l.ogo, m~(1c '" Oll ' of ll", \,i llg alld "nc~ W~ W<"Te ,,,~dc.
he ""'I" ". being. ~n d "-eO)' ,by /h~'iA's.fot "0, both as. ~,""" ~nd
.~ d, 0'''' W!;':iA",iI!J. ~"d '",'crd), :",d ""cm)". ~ Ild ,,e" ,"'i,ho,,' ,, '
heill g .""re "r il . "" Tlti, p ..... ';d"""". h"we,-ec, ,~"'. no' imply hi,
,,;11 (,~v f\<N~~" hu, only hi, ro",I",,,,,i<-dg" I~~""''" which i,
dj"inc' fro", Ihe ,,,,,i,,,, of hi. ",ill . '"
ba,~
,,,....,. '" 01" ,-.rin<~oIe> lOt "'" ~<>rld will "'"
'", 1lw- 'J<l<""'" of Goo
b< d ; " , ' - " .... ~ I""'~' Tb< mu.
b<" i , ~'b<,h<t ""''' ;" ,1;......,"'"_ .no]
""" lOt "'" p..n;.oIu """.,.f<".t
ill ,il"" .
.~ u,. IV. '''' C~pr. 2. 2, ~<IIo. 10. 2: CJi, \"u. till.
'" r., 3~. 5,
" W;'. 1.7_
'" .\tan. ~. 2tl_
'. jot'. ~. 2&
.. 11_ .. /"".....,. ~,H.
,~ utP". I, ' . I'G IV6n;;wo" ........
'" j>."""- 212.

'"
~ I ore"'-er,
in CO,""',, to Sor.bji '. CQ "".hlsioll .. , ,he ., me po i" t.
Uri~"n hokl. ,hnt God;' o,"" i;.:icTll ,u~1 ha. ft,U knowi<:tlgt of c>-.ou
the I"SI deo;,il of ,d"" h"p",,'" in Ihe I'o'm"ld. W hat R. s",."bji ..""'"
to<Te (lbough not "n( l u~hfi<~ i, ()... [ ~ cOlld u.ion wh ir h mig)u I..
dr~".., fmm ,h" IkOr ;" (ha, Gad """" n<>1 ".:<:<1 ,0 th ink in 10""'"
,dkxi,," It"", ..
nd. h"n:[on:. ~ >!riCt on,,';"'icucc i. ,, <>I .<akd b)'
Cod.'" \\b,,, be . uggc,," ;" ,I"" all G,~I did ;', the ,,-..rld w .. to
",,,,bL,h Ceria;" pri"";1'I", and com inge"d .. and he th"", .. fte, <Joe.
,'''' n....<l (" k""", ,,'cl} <kl~iI of "h~, h"pp"'" j" l h,' "odd . "nU,.
t", 1>"'p"II"d. " ""I",iv" ''''coming ,,, ....hich c-onditi Qllali.y ,'Quid 1.><
iutrod llCCd iu,,,
what G(~l ".. il l" "he will, ' mU if I pr.y Ikm 11 1)"
pr~)"~r ;,'ill I.. ao,"'cre<f'. '"
S",:h .. ,;ew, how..",'''. i; alien ." wh~t Orig<" hol"'. In fact ,h;'
cou ld (um;,,;," cb, cnociaJ " ~ of r",, 100,..~1 action in Om" and , h"
imm,"(!j;,u: and e,"inuo.>u, di.h,ic.1 rob, ion I><;,,,wn ' )k' di,;n" and
ereatu cc))" fre~"" . On 'he wntr.uy. he "peak., of r,; MJroprpi, nil'
1<(XW(Jlw;. b."ndy. ,be im",edi."" pall>r,dar enre of God for ..."""
"ha' """m, 10 1><. of oon'mpol"I.''''''. '''
In ,-ie" of lh""" """""". ""h.,, I'u<:<"b I~'M''')"' 0:' O,igen. lronicallr 'hough . , (he Mme poi1\( ()f hi' 1"'1"". he
1'0;"1. 01'1 Ong.,n . . . ~l'''''''''';< 'i''' of \"'k,, he lale .,1 a (";,,,,k
."itud< ",'~" ,n, lh i, I"' n;'," I.. poinl]'" In .n) ca"". to O ngt" " (;.ld.
kno,,"k<lgt " , ,,,,"d,xl do""" (0 (h,' ]a" dl1.il of" h at ,,ist. in 'l'ac~~
,im . AllIl mo:)" c<l1ai,Jy God i< (he .,Ie omn,,,,i, ,,, ()f a 'k,~iloo
knowledge of aU ,ime. namet-, p .. t ,"d pr""'Dt a lld fllt~ rc (Ail.,;:;
)l6vo.; 1Wu.o~" m ~po;,q" ~o\
,!<'<j> tt, ''-''''"''0 "'"
m ~i))"w,,, ,. '"
nl<' ,1Otio1l of ITPCn(."",, i, " ne of tll"", which poor <XC"""""" IIn<ll'"
lill' the awid "lid Jrumotir d""'>c'~r of ,ime. ,\,; "1'1",.".-1 to thi.
C. l",,,iM,,.:
,~ 1.,it, ;....,. hi .
,~ 11.. s...r.l.;; .,. n<. ~ . 2~ I.
,~ Cf. fi"'OIt. 2 12: ,. 4o..,...,pi<; 11;; .po. .... ""I " ,.ixp' """ "',,",to .,.,..".
lA"",," . fi/M. ~" ........ """~ rii; .poo.oo(o.;...,1 ~
Mo>. 11_ .. /w. '2.3 .. ,.,... p . l\9 .,.1 n. U,O.
"fxI>' 1;0. 1.<.,.,.,....:;0".
,~ 11. l'ue<h. Of. n<. ~ . Ill.
' ~It Pu.<ctt. Of. Cl., )1. -I'>fI:
,~ ,'fP-, IS. ~ .t.o "",_, 2ll; I'io<. 1ll. 1.13. r,uch<x dahar,tiuo on ,I.,.'J"<'"
,iooo ""fW= d<<ill<d db<uoO.oo of Orig<n'. ~ of , ,,,",,,a RfU<h 1"1'"",1
"') """",.

'" Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
"I" ("..."j though "'" ",.ne I :U~l ,he 1""')" I ,,,,,,," in l'~S ~e'"
ju" .. no",,~ Pr<:><""'"' ' he ,..,ion 0(,100 ",,..Id~, 'h,y" .... "OW ""d
",ill I". ",ill.,,, )"~'" 1",,,,.,,_ G""f. <T<~"'-C "", ;, rimd",. ~"d tune-
k..J)" adapocd '" ,I", "fr:" eI",ne,," ~ i1i,iJ, it: but "'" "!TIck>, oct.]>_
tioo """' .. "''' ,,,,u.:i<>u,,,,,,,, ...
"" 1'"'''''' of pr.)",01 "'''~...,. ".
The,.. "'" '''-0 ,"" ill mi:o,""mc,ioll. of Orig~ " '. ,h"ugbt ., thi.
1'0;"' _ ~'L""ly. 'he c",<ial d'>lincti()n 1.""-eclI "'00'* of G <.><l 3nd
u,1I of God ch~lcd I",,-i. Scc"",Uy. the rel.hon of ,li,.i"c ",ill and
lW"'~H ",;]1 in rime j, uOI j ust a Ul,,,,,,r or ",,,,,,,;o\lS"'" of either
Cod or 1fI:'l). Ori~" i, abool",,.Jy ,,,dil&-,,,,,, to ,,"ch ~ 'I"cs1ion .
T h e ' lun;';"II ;" ,he ,li.lectical rob' i",,,, which i, u n dcrlin'~ hy lhe
nu"",,"" of 'he,"" "'"" 'nib. God h'" " ,i ,,,,,b, l nowkdgc of j,. 1>",
th i, C1ICOUII'C r. tl! Q rtollruIDrUal O<l""nu:,. c .. " "", L.o .talcd as prc_
'"'''' in God. For . .. ch a cbim 001"')'> the crucialil)" "f rime and
lhe f,dl ",.lOl) "f ~". <li"Ic,,'ie~ 1 nl"i"" 1><:'''.... '1l G"d .",1 0'''0.
In r"",.
on ,h i, '1''''>1io" Orig<ll-' ,h,,"gh, i, "",,,cII.,. ,he <)1'1>0';1<
of. "",io11 abouI a fL~e, 1 """>COl1<1crl1 plan of hi.w,y in " ,iUlOb.
I'I~lOuie '''"cr.... orkl ,, hid I"""m.:. lhe h>.<i, for ~ sopbi>l;m,,,,1 ')'[>0-
logical imerp",,,,,i,,,, of hi"ory. ,.. lbi. i. ~ wi,I'-"'l'rtad. ),el falb
c;ou" ~Ikg,,'ion ",,,,,,, Ori!:" I\', ~\""gh " If I... h,ld ,,,ch" concel"
he WQuld '''''.-er h",,, a"iwbl<d 'lQtion, ..",h a, ,I~,t of ,,,,,",cir.,ion
"fChri" iu 'he fu'ure po" II <h . 6, 2. If'h< <Ou"'" orbi"o,., as ,,,,h
wa; pre.<u, '0 (;<><1, then Chr;'t wrukl no, I>t r"Sa"kd a. "dlhing
"nd ,-"-<:,.,,..if,,,d b"c"u,", of a cr""' '' ''''' r.mng a&";J) ill'<) <lw ,,,me
' 'IS. If hi"<)1) ;" p",.., .. t ill C bri" ,hell ,h,", ;, no "'"""" for )0'"
to h. ,"ganled ., , utkring. li e .... ould ,",he r b~ feg~'dcd ""
;0<1;11<=(1)' o~,""T'\;ng 'he CO""" of h;',ol). ,,hiclt j, [,,<<1 acco,<1 ,he cri,ica l imp<"'."~. "r
"'~ ~IIC"U " 'CT ,,r
d;"il\",d c...~( u "'l) " 'ill in it .
Tho 'lllo"i(')n ;. n", "" ';mpl. a, ,,, make tbe di"i ndi,,)Il 1>.1"-<,,n
wbtu i, I''''''nt ill 0<><1 or ",b,,, I"'I~>C'" MIIlUI"'rlc<I,t>lr ,,;1h ..e.pcct
to 1",,10 lotio"", alld di,-;"" ~f~. If the 'IUO';O" of ,,' b ~, ;, pre","", ;"
" "m,,,, 1'1""., "f 1h,' "i,,;l>l< firmament ,weds .... m' (n-.tm "", 1"
'ec~'" 3n an''''"T, ,h. 'IUe"i",] of ",ba, i, p"" ,,,u to God i, far
m"re diflirul,_ ,\t an)' "", " ",b ' IU<"i"", are 110 "',,'e ,".c<p,ibk
of ,impli,,;" '""wc,", u(,,,,,ili)'1
' .. CWM;,' f.J'" Oov', 1",""" .. I"",. Lo,""", 1% ' . p. 10 ' .

.. p, r.... . .,. "'-. ,~,. Hi-i _

353
R<ga,ding 1hi. ,d", iou from a 'nll,.m,1 poi'" of I'icw, ,hcf'< " a
.li"Ulc,iou which u" huc' Urigco'. 'hough' "ud acu,ally d"c;da,,,,,
loj, "",\c~pOO" of thi, ",1300": A'""",* 11)' God ;" implicitly r"~,,..\Fd
a. a ,..~tlur "."it~ "a,< . I, ;, char"",cri,,;c of God '0 l uo" "" c1') "
,hinK '1110 ".J/ of God. ho"",""r, ;mphe, " I""c<p'ion of ('.od I><ill~
in on tu" "'''0, uamdy, iu ac,i,,, dialcc,ical relation ,,'i,1l Crc;;'lIfC' .
;0.:0 tloul~ ,/ti, .Ii>lincti ou ;" hll' " Ct:lncep'u ~ 1 OllC, l'eTl,,1" "'TllC'
"ha, n" k,,,~rd. Thb ;" "' h)' On""n .x:.e. "01 exl' '''''' i, e~ l'lic;tl)'.
,\I,hough ",,,w,,'h~ [ rough. i, tod!," ,;n"" iI p"w;do., h"",an in,eticc<
"ith " port,ayal of th e <onc<p","1 di";,,c'iou 1><1".. n ,h" di,;uc
<-~'Idttr ("'Cll th< kuo,dedge of I li, wiU iu it> dioJcrtical re!;,iou
",i, h t"'''''''''' and 'he (u,i",. ,,;/1 i"elf.
If th;' di,tine,i"" ;, ,"" ",ade, ,hen O ,igtn" <"u(~on of ,h;'
",u,' i, oou,>".. f<,. " I""i,i,'o "PP"""']' to 10;" 'ho<lglu .'" this I",;ut i, ,10" fa"t
'hat G,~l i. l'erc<;"cd a, ,rolIY iu",,,'cd iu ,hi. di,,].x:1ical c, ...~",,"er
of lti. "ill wi,h efea, urel)' ",ill in 'u~ <. lu 'he fin.i.I a "aI )~i!, ' he bw
fur. coml''''hc'',io'' of th;, poi,,, i, ,he ronC<1,, ;on of the dm",,,1i<:
cb"",e"'r of time. " 'birb >.rise, r""" this (hi""/cf<~"''''I)' dial,.rt;
cal "'"00"1< ' .
It o1o""ld ab<> be cruph:u.id tha, i" O" i, mak ... u" sc,,"" '0
'1",ak aoon' an)' 1'.t1ern of hi"o'Y ", ha'",er. R. ~Iark,,, m""n,""" cd
,ha, "wt"< co"I,1 I", "0 C hri,ti"" pbilosol'b) of h6,o'y U\ ,h,. Pal'
!Cm_mak;ug ",n<c . Thcf~ i, no Ch,;" i.n p,," cm: ind.cd Ch";'t;"nily
i, th < "c1') nega,i,," of p""cm .- If ,h i, i, 10 1><. ~<....cd "cd. tl,"n it
caD t..: ... i<l ,I." in Orige" thi, u"gat;"" "f p'1tt<m i, , ..tal>l"hed iD
'he stronge;t l< m " pol>il>l .
C,.,.,~ j "J }' ,h~ topic of 'he ",b';on 1><,,,,",,, rofCk,'owk,lgr "".1 [m',
,I,,,,, ha. he"" .,u " u""" " ,ling q L~~,io" of ,kha,e ~",'r si'k,," ,\,,,i'I"'1y
and tho hihli"gr~ph)" on ,hi, ;. "0"1<11<1"",. ~I)' I'i",,' i, tha, in )}nle<
'Q ,,,,,aul ,I"" di,; "e forc k"""'kdge io" tundo," k"o,,'kdgel oon>l;'
""0. a rcotncti on to =""udy li-c"l",u ODC h'" to ,,,"l c " di."llcc
,ir~ 1 jump. ~'or 'here i, no logical I>."i, for 'he """"'/f.{l:t of d, e li",.",
'" I", ",b",fI to tlu' t;j(u,,' ,&Ij: ,\ pn.fliC1io.m of r"' " re action, , .. ,.
tainl), 0 " gto'"'''' of m1io,",Ii,) i, p,,.,ibk in ''''c,""b)" 1,uman "Ibi,...
II~)' or MW ,hi, I'rediClio" . ho ul,1 he hdd TC>\",u,iI,k (" " Ifcctiug
onc', for<tol,1 actioo, i. "'med'ing ,, hich ,;ml'l)" CiWn(~ be grouotlcd
'" A." . A""~ K \. ~''''."' .,. riI.. I' 1<2.

'" Cl ",,., Ut " , , , "
Oil re.",," ,>r dial""_,;", , 'I'h o, th< all'oga';()1l ,I"" pmiic,ioll indie.:>' '''
n limil~,io" to f=do ", i, hu, an Mbitnlry corolbry, rc:tched ,,"ly
,b rollgh a log;"a] j ump.
I Ihink ,I"" lh< di.,jn<!io" lw' """,, ,;" ... le", knmdedgc "nd r"rc-
knowledge apl~ied ,0 ' h o ,,,,,,lm
Cod i, ,,"l )" a rtifICial "",I mal ",
"01 real ..: ,&. It "Clm fro,,, a X''oI10n;"" world_pieturt of ""',Aan
who ,unpl)' (~) not p L" UII" use 'he faot (h~t tlu. pietll '" ha. col_
b l"",L 1'ei"", I~ke."" J.R. Luc ...... G. lMmibR'''''''' nll,1 R. Sur"l~ i'"
a'" some of lhof.c ,,-ho "1>1'" Iha'jm-ksJo,.l,~lj;< "uoki ",,,,'iel huma"
r"",.jQm . wh,,,oa. t hey <un cerk ,1>;" """It" M."1d:? 1,.""ld b< in
"01'''' !T)!'mk<1 ., 1]()( re",;et;,,!!" fre lo", . J. '-"" GCT"' '' "',.c," ,ha t
r,,,,I'. "",de.. k,,()k'kdgc ,,'ou l,1 no. hu,",,, " rre.dom "". n01
"",rie!
yet c'-en r("cogru',eg:I'iM~1 h) Iloelbiu. '"' 0 0 mi, '10<";01> ,h,' ''' i" "'Ko,
"" 'U' biLlivgr~ph) in<k<>1.'"" In m)' ,; """ ' hough lhe "'8" "'''''1> d.,''']
o)'cd Im,... ''''0 fi"~b ", <,, ,.l wcak" c.!CS,
I:; "cl)" ,bey ott: d",-d'~"',1 OD the p",,,,joe iba, 'he aClUaI mak<
up of Ill< " '"rld i. a ;\c"-'oroao 0"," . In f:u-' ~\") are "ij base,l 0"
.. cr ..., 1"", 1'11.<, "l)~,,, o." , ~ .,., VoI""'>I) Action", I~~

""-;"".1\ 1%5, "".?J 16, Ho. b.,-"'" "", .. "tOOo-, G.i""" '/id.,,.. . l.ondoo.
19;0. "f'. 1'1'. W4 J,
.. Cl. JK I...M, 'Tlt _ " "" hill. I.,....",. 19J:I; Ch. I' .
.. cr C'<') I,.m;, ... ,. """""",,,,1Ng< . ,od ).'~" . - . .1\0' .... I" 11,
13.? .,,..,, SJoJi";,, 1'/01, IV -01. 1 ..m. PA f"".,,,b, T.. U.lilingJT,. 11." .
W,$kin'. \100, .\t;", ~ ... 197., J!I'. $ ,)_
.. c r W;'~."j SorooW. I<m.o!l< eo... ... _. 1",,,Jeo-,. 19IJ(); )1>. 112 3.
'" cr.] .-an (""",n "lh"'" hotn.oi.. ~ "......,.,"', <!r.i .. d'aptb S. A~".
""- "",, , "1 .. 1 _ . ~~ ""-'iT. 1'1'. :Ill 30 .
.. Cf. Wo/.oe .. ~""oph. ".\!e..,.,Jo" ut ,\j;Io~ . N>4,. n. ~__ ~."e 1',,,011<1,"'.
a.,,;,41 O"""'-~.:18 1"18\ pp, 21:1-1,6,
. " A 1U<M;"" ~h>: h hl>fIp""'d ~ ~ If God', """".~;. ,;u." timt
......... ,~"". con ]" kno.,' t ruth, "'h",h d<vn>d ,., d", flv" . ...r t;... ' er
"",",,,, l"ik. G.i ... J ......... "', J."n""~. 1910, Ch. ~: ,\nf,,,, r.-;.~ , ~ n ", f,,,,
m>lilit, of omni",","""". I'd- l\t. 1%2. "'PfU",,1 Ut Ch. 3 of hi> I.."., .. -r_
... -''''''' o.Jonl, 19611: S ......."""
-r "",tz.,..,,,,
~"'~ ",od Im", ... bdi'r",
J-,..j 1'+0, ", . 6:l ''''''-' '. 1'1'_ J (l9 2'; 11.'>;. c ..",, d. -Ornru",o:_ .o.o,l
;"'1<"-":-.1 ~ , ,,,,". '-...J ",1'"1 d,.6< I""". w,:all l o.S~oow Wol_<wff.
-'-:00 ',""Ill'......... in~o.I<l><'ke and" Smtdt, ,oh.. G.i ... >It Go.<. c.-. ..I K>p.odo.
\\ .. h;g.n. 191.1; l~ Stump '" 1> K""un.fill. " 1:t<nU/y". J-ull!f /'h' I \I, 18
]go)l l, W '}9 :.Il; '''. On d ... '1"'":,,,, ..... ;1.0:0-,..,.. """ be ,h..ng< ..... ac rim,,_
It... C( AJ,P K,",o). 7 .. &J tI"" ,_ j/J. '. O,ooro. 19,9. co, I!; Pt", G<"," .
"/;-. ... im.'" I_I,!>, II<-ruIoy and Lo. ruwln, 19;~. p_ 1(}2; F.. 11<-,.., .
.11-4.. ... ~ I """'"'. 1938. ]<_ go). Il""",~, <Ma"",," if "",h 'I.......... ~
" ,""-'" if "') 1"<"'''' .... p.

'"
., iom u~h a, 111 0 alrC'd>' mcllti","cd: any moment of ' ime ;" the
',"ne ~, "u pl,,,-", I'. O"",",li) "" d C>'CT}' ;nw,.uiblc monlC'" of
d"",tio" i , "w!,)", b"", INe",'oh\."" s..",ondl.,.. Ib,") ....~ 1,...,,1 "" ' he
.nif",;,,1 ,Ij"inct;on \~nributo;d ", God 1><,,,," -" fotr- kn"" ledge ~l>d
' i",de,," kllowblgt: _ III Ih~ fLnAl """ I-,-,j,, ,hi, &";"",io,, "".ke. the
.... hitrar.,. "' ''''''1>1;01' of attributing time to ' he """,t,,,, God. For thi.
di"ill ct;ou can in no """y ",ake ;c,,,e "I'plied 10 G,~l hi"udf thi>
...",her " reb,;,,, con<eJ~i"" of God ... garded from a wmf>Oral
poi,,, of ,'io:w.
T he co nd,,";on i, 'hI Origel! hold. a conceptio n of ca ,,~'l il y
be"... """ ti" " . llcl tilllo lc .. ,,~' . li e ~'1'OlJ lJ(i, ,hi. LlI>Of] 'he noti"" of
hello,", ,... ",,;on.>I C""""'C' , .. well .. On 'he raCt ",," 'heir "ill
0""'''' to a dia)<C'OeaJ rcll'K>U ",i,h ' he will of (;",1. Tbi> <"""aliI)'
" o=al"',..j in time I",<au,, j , ;" ,I",.,, ,h., It... ,Ij,'i""
."d c"'~ "' '''l )'
..ill ell cou " ter nch "lh<r~ hu(, ;.i,oee i, """'" fmm (hi. ,li.lcctical
"I.,io n. ,hi. ca " ... l i'~ is ~xl~u,hl 1",,10 in ,ime a nd ,in,ehuc>s.
B)' d", ",-mU",1 Fragment 19. K"''''' hau ""' ])001;",1 in bi, M ilio"
of It;,u a G",,,. 1'''''''''8'' from .)",u,u,,,, w,Or. " hieh 'earl; .. full",,"~:
,\,,<1 if "..b . , 10.. bc<-" , u';CC,<"d 10 C~,.;" >l> U '" the ",~I I:>< ,ohj<c'o-I
'0 G",L ,b." all " 'ill I.)' ,,~ I< ~"''' bodi<~ ,,1001 I I1 oiJ, ~ th~, 11.. ", ",;n
,tu,,, he " ,(i "'. " ';"0 or bodd)" 04'"to ;'''0 , ..,., ~ , , ; <t,',..,... TO "'~", ' ,,,",
"";' ''''''" a kOOOnd ,in ... ;f r.ti(>nal I:><;" to """'Id og>i" f"II.-
I" a<:eonto""., ~'i,h ,hj, 1""'"!(I". J , rom,. i" 'PAl'. as<ril ... , 10 O rigco
,to;" ,,.,,'"
If all .10>11 he ,ubjt:<'ro 10 God, ,11<" >11 ~' ilJ lay ;W<l< 01";, Ix>die<:
. ",1 ')><1' ,b< ,utif< u,,;--enc of booil)-' ~w>g> ~' ilJ be <I~ ""'-cd i",<>
, .. ",..,,';'1< ' '''''' h," if "'fi'rit) .bwld (~-n l ",KI " ""'ond tin",_ i, ",,-,,,id
oom< """ """",,,,,, ag.in ;" ,he '~"'h' ~f d", IloU or raT;':",.,] l:><i"3',"
It, ' he ... me edi''''n KocUICh.u ,,,clud,,d al~, 'h e ",,,,,"11."<1 Fragmen'
,10 , wbich ;, "I('Ii" I"'''<go of J u,'iJli~ " f",," li.o" aud read. ,I"",
,.. Cf. )'. C""", .1,;, 7., ~ !f s,..:, ... 7 ..... 1)".tre(". 19i6, p. ~,-"
",Kl j.,i, n_ I ,
,.. F.-.gnx-n' '9, "","",ha., ["""J .o ... ". /doDo Man .. IX_52'J\, in />,'0<. lLB,
,. J''''''"',.-,.1<; ( ~I ;" FP, p, aG. 0. 6.

Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
h """, be 'h'" ,he 10'"""

of b<><~", i, "'" prim"). 1,", i, ,,~ ,tw,
<.....".1
at ",,<,,-al, ,," ,,-wW" cl ",,~in f.U, ,lw.,
hall>o".. d IQ r.rio-
".1 being>, ,dw <~nlC 10 , ,,=~ I b<><tic>; ,."d .gain, ,I"" ~'h, ,h.. ir
rNunotioo i, per\CC1I) ""culnpli>l1cd
""d,",g. ., d,., d,;, i, .",r l"'I~"'bibg.'''
"'=
bodi<, arc <ti,,oh-od "<t,,
Ko<'",I~", P'" in ,me more P""'W f,non the "" "'" "Tiling of JlI.tinian:
1"";",,,<1 "",.,,"". " iU) " '" "8"U' to ' h< " """ in "'hioh tIle)' M-l""~)"
"'=, (om l'l<l<l)" l"oni,VI! ""'a) thcir ...;1 .. ~I ,ho;r b<><u..... Thon again
a """ ,ld ,,.. a oItin:l '-" ,n'Jt) mure tin."
1be) .'" <o,-do!,,-,! ill dilk.-.::",
Ioodi.. for pu"isiltn,.., .. For ;, ~ I"'~'.W. Ih>' di!h"J11 "",Id, L.",
<>;"<<1 and ,,ill <. ;,., ,,""e ;n 11.< 1_ a,~l .0'''< ;" the fi,," ....'"
S"ch alle!l~,ion' ha'" be.II "'ade '" "-'P'"'""" O'il'''', "i,'''' ~IId
played lh"ir , ,,I,, in ' ]l<' Ana'h~ma. dccn,c<1 hj" ' he C"""cil of
C()n"antLnol .... l~ in ~~:\ . G . U""cn,'o"b, ill hi, Engli, h ,rAn"b';QII
of /'r,oc, u,,'e, ,I..., altoollgh the", Aua'),e"'", 0..1,,',,' Le ,aken
literni,,,,,,,,c,, from ,h. lit l'rWipii" ,bq' eXI"'''' 'he teaching of'hi,
'"'Of" ,Io,,~de .. for dw on',, ' I"''' in O rig<'"'' o'n "'om,'" SlI<"h ~
d.;m, h",,"~''''. ;s ,,11 t,~) r,,, ""'ay from 'h" 'n"h of lh" ",attcr.
J""i"ian ' <"Ipnlc<1 do< ere",;ou of world 'aking placc in a 'On
"fiutYdl< (i~ 5,,,J..:\~~a,,.,,, 11,;. mea"" 'hat 'hero:: _,h o"M Le ti m e_
le .. nc"" ~nd ,hen ,im lI,cn ,imele>llue". ,h . 11 ' ~u< ogaiu, and ..,
0". T h, ide" of .\Oc"".,i,, "'0<1<1, ;, ,.--I:",~ I to a n01iOt' of . ner .. -
,.;"" of i,lC"'1 .... "',,lit)"c"O'1 .... re~ht)'. LnC("l .... r"alit)"-----a n<1 s<) on for .,-c r
lad 'u J ,,"i n ~"' . as "'dl "'J<T<~l1 c. ,;"".11-,- alle)[< ou ,hi, i ..ne , l~"
Origel1 hold a noti"" of 'u"ck.... c'a l"aii,y. Acror<iingi)', he "",ribe.
to hin, t he opiniou tha, God b;" " ti",d ... ",ill aor<iillg to wh;"h
"'Mw'f' a fall ,;o:e' plaN" a m:"eriaJ ",,,,,id slto"I,1 "PI'"''''
\\"h~t ",<)uld he 'k,'cd in 'h~ f""t l'L.ce ;, t l",1 010'1",,,, in hi,
",<"It. cL.,.,. O~e n imply ,,,ch a no,;on_ Wh., he call; '<X1l'o~o';a
(c",a,iou of th e ",mM)'" i; .'" and uniq"c 'em. We cau r,,,d hi.
""1'''''''''' ~'e b<V,u';'tg of (,..""i"" of ,I.,. "'o<id nr;(q 'ii:i 0"00-
~MO'\rt;;}.'" Hi, euti", 'loeoIog)' ",fe" '0 ,he ,""odd f""" Ih:u I",gln -
'" F, ...""t !<l. f""" ,J"';,,,,,,,. wo. .11 ... ~. IX.

I; ,~", J .... , ~32 ., ' '-. IV. ' .B.
'" f"<o<nJ""utufI, IiO{), )"'"';, IX _~12F.< Ut ' ' -, IIAl .
, 1'1'. p. I~~, n. 7.
,to C(..,... r_n, 10, "'-"",1.<0. f"""J"";,""" . r;oo. \\,n';. IX_ ~12 '.
", ..-.".., I~, 27: C<'1., I, 19, n, 9; V, ",,,1'1, 21: ~8, W, ~1 ;.JV<Oo, I,
"t .
XC\';
... ____. 1. PG 12 . ~'; 0,0.. 1'1, ,,,,,I. 10.. : l'+<+ 2~, 8.

Icing umil 'he e" d of thingo.'" No",hert ;" th.re ~,;", the ,jigh,""
impliea,;,," ,b a' thi, c ... ~' i o " i, ~ m:",if~s,",ion of 500'~ kin,i of
,md""'g<c"hk ",;11 vf G<><I or , ha, ,hi, i, a n "CCU IT~n<e wh"'h h""
.. ken pia ..... bdole th i, ere.I;"" or tl"" il " 'IU evcr hapl" '" ~!i"4i".
Th< p"";o,,s an",",= " n 'h~ rola,ioll "f (',,~l tn the ,,-orld ,1='0'"
"r"e that ,, hot he h.ld "-,, . h<"I)" tlilk",'" f",m ,.. h", h'" bttu
allril,u te,1 10 him 'hrough ~,e forcgoi,,& passages.
If Ihe Fall i, ,~k,-n ., "'-'t " utli'lUC CVC'". i, follo..-, "cai~h t ... rr
'hat G,~I i, .w,.,.,!(inmIHd IU a t imel~", ,,,,,,,,,lit). Thcrd'on- <r~"'.
ing ,hoLlld I." appli,,.-j ' 0 G,.I hinl1df ... something ,omp.w../y """,.n
p:.nying h" O,.-n I",iug. nUl' c",~';"" i. noo 'h e product of Gool',
0"'0 f",",lom; ibj , ;. not ,~.d" :., an ;"'{ of , 'o ~,io" . Ramer ibj, ;.
'he produCI of the 1'' '''00''' of ",nl(' ro,;';", ol I",i " g> I",fo'" th, r,,1I
al,m.d to li,'c a hf. of th<lr O"'l>_ H,u 'he Ilo,ioo of ra,io nal l><"i nS"
h<for., 'he F.lI i, 3~e " '0 Orige". fal-I)" .,";!!'lCd 10 him h)" J e"'m"
and J u"iui"l.
Hardly cuul,l a CUD"'!,' be D'or~ "'mOle 10 Origt"-' autheDl;c
"i",,~ ,h~" ,h.l. For "h., ,,'C h~\.., .."." i, tha' ""''',,,'' is ~ 1' ...... 111",
of God', f..... "ill " " d b< ,,,,,.,,~,,,, d"cisio,, ~ i, ""me i"'Q l.>cing QU'
of no".be ing """u' 101<1 Wisdom wille,1 ~",l ",,,,,'cd to o.L,hlioh ~
rdaoon to me flltllfe b<ing>.
At <lli' poi nt " .., .ho,dd f<.,,~1I 'he anal pe. about the ' ignifl"""ce
of ,he 1"''' " ..,s<. u"",i it> ooll<bu)g tll<'" ",~II",e" ..: P"" 11'''", .ug-
g"'" ,ha' ,h;, <:kci' ;')Il uf G",I ,,,,cu, ,,,d _,. If Ori!!,'" 1",1.1 a "otion
of ti mcl.,.. e~usali'y he woukl I""" ",id that ' he W",lom of G,~l
,,-;u. ami wan", th"t ifa fall take. I~"'-" """ n creation ,h"uld emerge.
Ill" he does 1l00ilj'>g of Ib e kj"d . On tl,, oomr~0_ he d""'I) ;<~''''
,hal (;",1 rn:"",.-j h)' Iu. 0"'" fr~~ a,~ 1 b<", ,,'OI ~,,, dttisio<' . He do<:S
""t ,ar Iha' the \\',od"m of Cnd will, Qr ".,.nt< th~ cst"i.>I l,hmctll ...f
" rela,ioll to the lill 'lre hoing>: he "')~ 'hat .1>< ,,illed a nd ""ule<l
to do ..,.
\\'h:1I ~,i, :.ou,lI) mc,,,,, is rna, Cool io 001 C ...:,(or to) "'""""".
If there " ',,. " tI )' kj"d Qf ,.." ,.... ,). or , in",lc;, C'd Ll<ali t\ h)' "'''>011 ...f
"hieh God ~ e",al< the " -,,,Id, thi, <o"ld c,,,.il ~ r<,.,"''' 'M~
/j,"-d "hltwo I><' w<en (,,,>cu'l! of 'he world
'" 1""-

'" Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
are wn;msitl ... I>.,e<l 10 each other. JI".

,hi. i. " "''''tly ,,-h", UrigclI
",ongjy r~jcc", crea,ion i; , c""tiog<TIl """Ul-CDCC a"d ,hi. too;'
u""wdi ,,,d) .,em, rro", bj, 'OOlion of ra<be~1 , ... "",.,,<I<"oe of (;",1
to t l.,. " -odd ~I\(I lh,' ,..~d jcal hi.,u, b<1\"~-" the ,Ii,-inc h..: i ,,~ ami
th e .. i"IIce of t he ..-orld . Th." G",i ,,-illod '0 c,,:"'~ ,h i. ""ri<l i,
n """I'" product of hi; frttd"o\, pn><iuct, which ".I"~ ;"'0
being
"<,, of nOIl.Leing. Ahhough God "'Ulaim r~dicalk lr."",.:en,kut to
'h e ,,orkl. h< e<!abli'h<"<I a cr<a,;,-e rda,io" ,,-,,11 i, ou' or h;" goo<j.
n,,,,. not Qui of an) ne"" ..il) or ,- ~ usali'y.
'l1,i., .11 th e fill . l a".l )~i.. mean, that . h)llOthcti(.Uy. Gud "-,,,,l" noted a1
0.11 io allY way. Had he 1>00 ",.ill~, he ooukl h~<I ,1<.,;er "''''rI,ed 1he
functiorl of C,...~ ' o,.. Tb<- mean;,\~ of rh " hWOlI.... ';.. ~t)d, ,,, I,,,,.
' Iucml,', ' h" mca"'''ll" ,,f ""'. of P"" ,,,'< b) Ori8"" " ,I"'t ,he ...
i. "0 ,imck .., c."", lit.,- no' e,-ell olle e".hli.h1 I'l' the ,,-ill of G,~l.
O rigtn ",fe,. '0 ,be <I"ci,;o~ of God ,,,ins "'rim de",l,. denoting
,h a, ~\is crea,ion " ~" "W'" ,'eo''''';ng f""m a ""~ d.,..;,jon of
Go.1. which is , h""riy ,,,,,,'k,. ,,, rO ''''Y "o){;o" ofc,,,,~'li').
11>< q"c.u"" ~ pr"'''''"ht) "f oom. ".x, =a,ioll i. illdwd 0'"
"f Orig<Oll', m~i" ill l<r<>t ,;nce he is .. " tirel)" p,,,ooc,,picd ,,;th ,hi.
world ,hroughout ,irut. Bu , if OTle hy ~U mea", ""b",, '0 fUl,1 ",me
:,11",;",,> ..,.],,",1 '" ,Ius '1""";00. ti,"" ~,. oo,.,.lu,;"" shou ld boo I),;"
he b<l i~,'<"" Ih., " Q OIher fall " ',11 <>eCl"_ Uc,-idc,. thi, pv,nl " ""ph.
"~l<d in th e I..ti" ",,, d,-ri "ll" ~ 'h< c.""""'1l/ry
0" du R""""".'''
Thu. 'he ,,1I<galio'I> h)' .I,,,,ill",,, ""cl J<r-omo ' I~" =ril>< a notio"
of , ime~' tau,.]i,,. to Onger! arc f;ilic. He he ld plU;",I), 'he 01'1'0_
,;1, of ",hal is a((ribul",I ,o him : Ih~ worhl ,,'as c .... aled 0"( a W ' ~ l u'
hcnwoi<-n' "",c;";",, "fO",I . l ie i, no< C"-~tor I~'c.u", of.n) ,~"sal
i,y comp.-lhng him to c..a",. er'" "<>,,,-,<XI """ brrall" I,e "',II~~ to
,10 "" ,-"" of hi, good",,... 'n,,, i, ,,h.,- 'h" ,L"in<lion bet"con ,he
no,i()u> of God 1Iin&!f'Jl(1 God '" (.""w.-;' '" Ii,.,l. T he ti.",d.'"JCll _
t~1 ooolicoon , ha1 'he worl,l ,,'" n~"I< ou1 of ~ fr~" l",on"Oie", "-nd
"""I"' (I,,<:i,ion of 0 ",1 I~a)~ ~n il))I"-'"''')! 1"''' in 'ha! di"' ''<l iol) .
TI"". () "'y ' I~" God i, C1"~"'Dr ill Him.df i, ~ notion, which h"
'" an,... c... ......, .. ill< t:,o,'" .. I4t R_,,-,. Iloob ( :. . ... T s"h"d,
\\......."'"", 2001; pp_ 31> 378.

IIQ """Ill m ,hi. CO"""]>, "f'ime. I)"" IQ k'T prc,uprotjoll, of 1,;.
""
theology, U rig' " ~o,,"1 ha,,, "'''''' ~l'plic'l to God ""Y 'imcl=
""".ali,y of the killd disc",,,,,,j 01",,,; .. a "",,,,., of tact, he ,,""~r
did ,h:.1.
II'h"" J,,,'in~'" 3,,<1 Jcrome auribu" 10 him th< id<a corpo_ ,ha,
realit)" eIJ'CII!<" ami di>wl,,~, ;rH" uothing j",<rmineD!I)". '''~ d" '"
bee. " ", 'hey .1,0 "",ril,.. to him the u(~io ll of ~ hcginniugb, ,,orld.
The fOnu<.1" alkg'''K>1l i. actually >ul&quent 1(' the bller. Wha, 'hey
""" .. U) impl)' is ,hal ,I,, ,," i. "" .. ,en,al " 'orki of i"dividual ~nd
p"roon.1 in""...,.,r ] wul., or mind" " "d th;" ""rid mal ex;,,( either
in , mo/loo of c"'l~)rca~t) or iuc"rpon:"~ty. In ~1Ij" C"'"', ,hi.. world
.. though' !O be ",;,hou, I><gjnoing or c",1. Whnt ch""!:,,, ;, 'h" ..w
of i.. <"Xi""n cr, nO! 'h" cxi".nee it""~' '" an ,',,,n.il fact; .",1 ,h;'
mod,' of ui"cno:c \ 'h ~l i., ,iol,,, c,,'1lQ .....1 01" i"rO'llQr<:a.I form
,lq><",I, 0" th e mor~1 .'~'u, of ,h,.... ;u"orpvre.1 rat;ou.1 mind,.
whid, ~ro: "-i, ),,,,,t hcgi"uiug or c"d. HowC'.'U, i, I",. [>C<"" alro:ad)'
",,[idly proH" ,h., Ori~n'> n,,,h,,,,i,, ";""~ h.w" no re,""",nee ",.i,h
."cl, a fr.",. of lho~l>o.

11,, .... fo,... ill che q\(e,(;"" ,..~is<d ;" tI,, srcoon Io<,,,h"g. ,,' heli,..r
i, 'hen: "mde ....... "",1;,), J """'-er ,,-,,10 ~" ""'IU.lir.. d -no'. aflee
1"";11g oxpiainl ",-hat 1 moau : lI(C,~ i, "0 cou''"p' "ft;m<lo" ca,,,.l
ity. The cr<:~'; 'm of the woo-kl i< u,~ p,n of a rl )- ca,,,,,, i,.,, ",b",,"
of ;"",""i(""" "ppearance oe ,h,al")'''''''''''~ of bowl) """',,,. '1'10,,."
i, "'" cn:a,ion which Ma c~mc "Ho hci"l!" " ~ihik 0'" of "'" ~ rld
"niq'''' d<ci,;"n of Cod_
Orig<ll crnplo)'..d the liwd.1U"",a[ S,oic l'efCqJtioro "fti",e a. "X,",,

';on. },t h<- ",. ,.-<1 il It, a ".~) a"p,,,,,,';a'~ 10 hi. o,,-n [hough'. n..
Sloi", "'!!"I-.le,1 ,im. as " pu, .. I) """,ral ~I."'e",. 'I1,i, ''''I of 1I"e",-
ing lime "",' "ndC"'andahl)' ""''''''lue n, tu b",h ,I",i, lack of a ny
uo,ion of1l"a"",c "do "cc aud 'heir m .t~ri"li'Dl _ O rigcn, "u ,b," othcc
11.",<1, ,lid hold ~ no';on of 1ra""'~'Mlcnce, I>c";'!c;. 'he notio" of
m'''''ri"jil), al'l'li~. 0\0' m~y t" 'h e .';,ibl. f","amelli bm ,,60 '0 o, b" .
" -,,rld, " 'h,d, an: ma1<ri.1 .",1 ),e< no, ,",Col , due tu 'he 'Iual ;1\ "f
'Iocir ",,,,10-,. lie ~i ", hdd notio n of ;""O,l'o... " ii[y ""plied "'kly
'0 ,10< di'';Il " lKi"g_ "',,' "u1>- " 'he real ",,',.oee of ,hi; inoo'1)("
reali,), nO' I'u, ill10 qUCOh"", I>ut a bo 'hi< i; <"<'g.mlcd ." " re.li,y

Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
of higher 'I'mli,y, AU th.", p",,"ppo;i'iOlI$ fund.me n,ally <l"""nnin,,

hi, CO" C<I~io" of timc.
Thy. Ihe 110100. "'hkh CO"'t;tU1< (I", Stoic d<~o;tioD of 0"'" ha,'e
in Ori!!,,"', thought a Gui", <lifT,,,'nt iml",11 . Tin'" i. in<le..<'l bet<lto
be ~ fund.mellt"ll) '""uml ",.lity. y ", lher< are also ,ignifo;ant thw-
logical i"'l'li""ti o", ,datod to time propcr. At all)' '-"<, 'hc "O,~tt_
tu re of J. Check'" th at U rigcn did not <o" cri,,, of ti lll< " ' a I'rubkru
,,",lich h.~,1 to be "oked ah>1raccl)' " "''''ng. The""",, i, Dot th.,
o,igt-" ,ijd ' )0' conceit>". but Ih., he I/UJ IIOl u'iY/)O ""I>ocmd ~II ""
/11>( ,heu,"" of time, becau .. he "'II"T"",I thi. probkm '" a ~";"aU\"
n~'urnJ ouc. kut be dUI f("m a "'>nccl't of time of hi.. ,)"''' for lh<
purpo", of hi, 0"'" lheological aim'. T h;" coocep';on ;, ,1",;';"..,ly
1'''''''''',hrollghou, h" entire work. Origen '. concqion of ti",e i,
far mO'"" ad'''o<c<l thalt all)' <O.o1'",il;m' of ,he Chl';,;,iall "ie'" of
time ",ad<; by "''''l<mp<'''''1' tll."I...gi.n, . Vor he had. S'><><l cn""
,,,and of thc probkmohq'" of ,i1llc ill itself th< bc ~ of ",hich i, o\,,'i_
0". in "'""l" rnod<:m ""holM"
1\1,,,,",,0., Ill\" Stoics spoke ,i,,'pl )' of """,wo. O ng..1I d~~rl}' ,Hiocs
,h e re~,tioo of 11,;, rXle,,,iOl' )0 '1):.<"c. by ;II trodudng , I,, t"l'm "U~ '
mP'"~";wlW. which in fact ponr.)~ the !talit)" of """c."ime. The
Stoic predication of time ...' ~llpo.~O).ouf!,,~" t h~ m",'< merlt of lh<
world i. <fuca"bl. han.. it doe; O<~ depi<t the ",",tion of tilll<
to "!,,,cc "Cc u"",.l\": lhi, to,,) ,,1'0 be mi, ieailioS a, ;" de",1 i, ,,'0.'
for some p'"ple '''' the "'ic! rdativII of time to .p.cc. namel)', .,
to " '1",1)"" ti n\\' i, oldc< ," younger th.n 'I'''t:< . Thr t,,'min~
introrluce<l b)' Orig~u e~ dn<l .. the po".ihili,y of ",,,h ,Iil"nrrta> .
,\c<on:~,ogI-,'. the m.tion of tit;. cxterurion to lh" "",14 b., " diHi:rcm
"''''''''''8 Ott ""co,,,,1 of 'he diITe,","", coneepoo<, of !he world , Tim,
i, " ,,'~lit)" acromp"H),i"g the "lIt,r" " ,,rld. it i. rcl,trd not onlf' to
",h." i. ,-i.,ihi<. but .1,,,, to "'hat io lIot """ell . I"hL". alth",ugh l~"h
th e Stoic. and O rigen fU1TII)" nobte tin'" to the ..-orl<l. O rigcu. ';~'''"
;, th ~t timc .p~lic< '0 " rc"lily t ,r bJ'O<!dcr thau 11... Stok 0110 ,I",,;;
lim< exi", nOl onl), in 'he ,;'ihle world. [,'" 1Il"" in ' he other '1''''''''
in "hid, ...~t'''nal c,,,."',..,,
]i,..,.
O ns"n aflinn, th' l .,..,,.,lh illg in the "'orld i. in rimI 1'''1 il i.o o'~\"
iD lettcr t b~t thi. nl'r" ';oll ~ppc~" h) be tlo< .,,"'" ,,icl, tbat of
". J. D>uk. 1'. '".

, " '" _ "',""_ ..... 1!w1.p ~~. Il".w Unj,~"' 'Y.
1962, I" 27~ .
',.
'"
Ze no'.. Fvr the notio" vf to be ;" IN wood, and tI"I> '" timJ.. in
U rigtn i; far ,lin" .... ,,' from the Stoic "e~, by .... a<oTl oft!'" dille,,,'"
;,nporl applied (0 !he u:_dJ.
Like"" ", d,.. 'k~jon of..,1iooI ",1,,,.,, to ' ;llIe h~, a rlifkn-!)( ionp..""
,\J,h ough ""tu,,,) m(o';OOl (wh ich .. ,,-h., ,h.: Stoic< mcanl in ,heir
d"fwi,ioD of ';IlI< j, Dot ,,~gl""t<:d. ,hi; I'n:,tic:uion "1~,li"d to ' he
COllCcptitm of 'imr ;, mainly ""do,,,,~~l a , fi" """,.1 art;"" in all
"'""" of lir~. 1\)' tbe '''me token. whet< ... ,ime ;, oh<> rtg" ... kd a.
a "'ICimt W foJllIW I1I/J s/I)tUWS, 'nO ;" Ong.'" 'his prcdir.,e is m~j nl)'
appli,,,j '0 ,I>< If;,,{ <fJm (fti$l"ir .,,.,. in time.
I!coid<>, Ori~"", n:gar<L, time"" " d i",,,,,,jOD. Thi. (Cm' !!CC1n' (0
plac" ,hi. near 10 11o.;"",' S1a<emcm, aoo1lt rime. H()we,'et. 'h"'"
" "0 reb"'nc~ I" " n)" I'a(onic Or 1\<01'10101';" COIOC'1'" For ,ime ;.
nO\ ~n)' .00,1 of ",m'in" i m~g<. i, ,,-os nol a, rcS1 "'i,h lh ~ eternity
in ",al ""ing "'hon: ., lq>l 'lui~I I><fo '" ;" mo\"Od dOlm '0 Ih~ "nrkL
Time came i",,, L<ing Olll of n"D.l>ci"g "Dd it did D(>! cxi,. bo:/(,n:
(he <fea(;oll of (he ",'orld, I" the l'l.ll Onic I';""', ,i", e ;" portraycd '"
all ;mag<' exaetly b<c~ " ", il is I>c"",i'c-d a "ahb>hio~ " ~;"d of
~ bc~"'''''''' , I", " 'orid "".I UTI' lkye.,d, 0" O,c coll""'Y, '" Orig" ' ,
""( onl)' """" t 'm~ no' e,,. hb,h "",' .fro",,) bet".o" (h,' di,;ne life
and ' he "orid. I"" al", i( i. rc~. "k,1 '" "" <i<mcn' in t M'l1l> of
which the rodical clta<Tll of .,.",ncc helW""" God .nd 'he "'orl,1 is
1',"1"'1',,<1, "11", i" ",.ption of lu"e "" ili""",;"., loolh "'lTIlologicall )'
and , .... "Ii"II)) ac""'11) , te m, from i( he ing r~g~nled a, an ",,,,,,w...
T he S(o;'" dOd not "'g"ro (im e a, a dim ell W" "f!if,' ",,<;a,,,,,, (I,,'),
n~linly eo" s.id,,,,d th. mttll rnJ ch~mct<r of eo.m ic "'O,iOD a"d lh~)'
,lid no' hall: an)" c-o< h" ,ologi"',1 " le,," , 0. , (he Oth Ol' h.",I, I~otin",
I""a" the S<o;C "Oti01' of t;n'e '" .Xt""",o" co" ,",np1Uou,I)" He
gr",,,,d, hi; argu"" "" on d "'lcc<ic. ""d th, l:.ck of cI:.buM>O" uf
(he S(o'c d<fUlitio ll. Ili . ol9<ct;o". (1"'''Sh ""JI)' an,., from hi. co,,
temp' fQr n~"eriali,m a nd frum 'ho fact that Ihe S'Qic> de'e ..minc
,imc unl)' in ccl.,io" '0
'he ,;'; I~e " ",,rri:J wori,l a,~l 'heir- defmitiou
exclu<ko an)' 1l00iob of tra",ec"dr ,,,,,,.
Orig<'" i, 'nHH""" ", ,hi, ~i"d of disp"'", si""" h. held but"
"o,i,,,,, of millfflaJi{1 of lhc ~ntire I>wkl .nd "otion of the di,;nc
IrunJ<rod",,,, Thi. is I> hy be c~" use Stoic a' "ell as l\eopia'onic
predica,ion. and yet '0
' 1'1'1)' to (hem a difloccn, iUlport hefitti"g
'~ SIT. k:!ti, l l 15

Cl",,., Ut " , , , "
h;" o\>''' 'hough' , ",-hid, ,,'a, b'er empl".,-od by ,he Capp.d"c~",.

aud " ,"m "u", l>l:r of Chri"i:m I,.,i,cn.
Th;, c",'c<ption of O rige" i, "'hat A\lg.."Ii"~ picked \II' iu order
to fom-> hi, ,h,,,,1)' of ,ime III (he ligh' of m) disc"",oll 'n thi, "".-
ti on, lh. originalj,y of ,\uS',,';no. ,h,,,,,,- of ,;mo .hould be ' ho'-
oughly ,ea;x,!-Cd. Fo, ".. h,,, i, currcudy al leged ., hi' jln",,,.1
m,ri l,,";on '0 a ,heo,!- of ,;me i. ';",ply a rcpe,itiOll of O,igc,,',
origi1laJ p<rcep'ions n, ... ell ., ","(III;"ioo .. \\;,b ,egard to l"'ill1'
"" " 'hieh (fo, ,me re;,son Of .no<h,--r' he "." ""able 10 fol]Q,. Orlgc,,',
r",~cal or.n,focma, jon., '\ug\l"ino ""'ined a me'" ,,,,h,,,,, of .,b-
>tautial . ' l>ccIl of l~otiull>' co " cq>1 of time.
Orige" "mplo)" prolong:";'>H of ,ime ror I';, ""'n pu"",,",,'. ht
co",,.,,,, '0 1'.'8"'" thought , motion in .pace_ti,n" i; ,t<>t j ll " a n"'_
ural d'~"g<' of P"'i,ion, ~'" a n"'ani"g[,~ If .., mO/""~1 ac<io". T he'"
i, ,,,.,h ill& of the I"-",;",i,,,, alld di"",ir of ~ I ar'"" Au,ciiu" \\'hile
for 111< G"""ic. tbe workl ;. :tu "hortj ,,~ ]>n~luct , fo, Orig<: n , ime
;. 001 a <k<tfU}'er: it i, m,h"r a "," ree of <o"",lat;o" an,l bope i"
" 'orld I",,,,,,;,,,d as ,1o"',,f.1I ""to.p.M~ I ,
T h" oolion. ofJudg"""',,' ;",<1 C aus:Jil)' ... al~j"b<'1l u' lime "t"lFr_
l;"e a particul", CQnC<;ptj Q" of it, I" "m,me.. the """,,,,, uf faith .ml
th e ~,Il'C '" of C bri .. aml the "'h"le di'l'ell~~t;"" lh"'''gi' ,b~ law
""d 'he prophet> a "d ok toil. of lhe .poMl", ;n o("(ler to e"nb1i>h
,b e Chun:!,e, o[ (";",1 ~",}\,gh Chris, is !f'""" d ...! oh ,h, ' [:,0 Ik"
th ere ",ill he aju~ment hy God, ,\, i,;. p.,i ,,,~'1 0"' ,he'e, ifjudgr-
""", ami ",""1J4n ;, .." t>wMisNd i. hmt (h,-n ~ I I , he", "",'ne< lOOk
plac< in ".;".'" .nd E,i'" ;, f",il. al"o.
Tl,;, bc~ef to judgement f,,"danlelt "'U), i",bue" thi> conc<inion of
ti ,ue. It, rol, is SO <i,,,,;'j,'" 11",1 if. h)"pOlheticaU;" ,bi, d;d oot exi'l.
th <" ,hi, I'k-'" of , in,.. i, ,hcd from er",;,1 ch~r""t<-n"t ic> of i,. I"
,uch a ca", on. ha, '0 'I_'ak of a WiJJlly difomr concep ' "f ,im~,
",hich could not be~" ';e'" of il. For one thing_ i, i,the ,'on-
,-ict;OIl ,hout the impartiaJi,)" ~ l1 d ,ig/neou,u,"" ,>I' God two I1Ot;"I1'.
" 'bid, are n'g""kd a. I'rinc;pl ... For ~norh er. f"",,]om (ot"t i,u'e'
.n e.""nti.1 cxi,,,,,,,i~1 eh,,,,ck,i,,ic of r.,;"",,1 .",.n",',_ 'I'll ... tin,,"
i, ""d""""",1 a." rea];,), CT<'31<'<i 1' God fo' f",.dom '0 m"k" """",
ru\Ce free'~m' cau ", ake 110 ',:1"" ;n the a]".cucc of time.
'" ~,3: PG, IB2: f"'/M Z). 1

So , "hho"gh i, c." not bo, . ""ain,,j ,]'" 'lie lI()1iQ,,, of Jlldg~~nc nt
0.",1 Cau",lit)" pert."li rl to t h~ ... ",!let of ,ime, i, cau I", orgy1 ,h.~,
,hey ,x)h"ilu ,c fw,d'''nenlal cha....-1eristia of;, I"",tiwl,,, OOu (epl of
,;"w , "[1,;, "" ''' ''' tha, ;f J U<J.go 'UlC<H ,,!l(l C"""d;ty ~r.' cl;"r.'g"~f1kd
or "bolimecl. ,I"", "'k" ,,:m.ill. ;. ilMrIoff colle<:pt;Qll of lim", "'hie],
in,le<:d ,,'ould be nl)' ok.... '0 "'me GTCC' ",b<;ol of , hough,. I1,i.
;, whl' ongon cu=~)U,jl' "",t""", bi, ow n ;'1,,<1> to the Greek onc. ,
e"p"da1l)' m po;"" ",here hl i'"nde"tandin!\, nre ILke l)" '0 emerge.
'l'l,j. i, " I) il i, ",a;,~) ;n 'err", of omc,,,atio.m of 11.., """"""",
of 'he "'orld ,hat the n",i" " of pruplong:ll iOIl of t ;m~ ha. bn
co",idt're,1. What wc ,.:c i. 'h'" I',,>lougatiou hr 110 me"'" . uggc;t.
idemi",,1 f<:(u'n::nee, whk h ",mild .mail ,bttr indiffi.-n::nce 10 110 ;'
P"'"ihiii,)". Wi,biu , hi. cO"'ex' thi..... curn:nCe ;. poin ~""', , ibee !lO'
o,~) coot)","n,bl>k accomplishnw", 1><" also "W')'~)O'g coOlemptihk
"ill ,<'Cur, \\'1"" i, lh~ po; nl f"r Ii" i"g 'cPC"t,,d]y" lif~ of '"'hich no
,io: tail ",ill be d",,,gt'l' '11\;";" O ngen" ",~ i " I~)i ,, ' ~p,i,," the O ld
Stoa 0.",1 thi, ;. hi> """,,;'m '0 ,\1"",,,,' dj" ...i. a, tbe poo";bili,)' of
e"dlcss ...."'"""""... I'rolongaoon i, "0' " 1''''1'0",1," ".n, ral ph,,-
"omenOD. hm" me,m;n&f,J proc~.., ",ha, i. ~\" p,.R" , for li';l'& Ollce
ag"din a lif< once a ll tho "ntggle' ><c'" in ''';to . nd o"~ """,,Id ",lap""
into th e cOl,<liuon which he had kfi "'illl ",ch elfort' Tb .. ".,,,ccpt
of prolongation i. intended to OH"""",e the fru"muon "",I the " n'<:
of 1'o;,,,I~,,,,,, .., "' hieh is i "'....~l"hk u\ a Stoic "' ''''''t\fl'<'' '. T h....
i, ." 'etcmal Lt",' f"ltilled ill ,he exist"nti ...1 ca".'];'Y, bUl thc", i,
,(Oth i n~ of tlw Sloic mcd,.,, ;,, ;, (ata];,m "h ;eh Oril(" n h., good
rea.on '0 ,,"ad, and "', It,, ,ioe. ;" order to cld."d " co" " ''I""",;,,1
histori cal pr"""".
Ahb OlJ~h it is m~)" iD .n aUenu" ,,,d ",,,,,. 01' 0.1 an ""'gob" ,","-
,ion of 'ec urrence ;mpl;,,, d,,,,,.,;Pism. ;1 ;, tn,.. th"t docr", ;n i.",
Ml~", from b tal"m ill all"";"g 'I~" certain outcom .. m"y I", d".
to thc dwrt. "'. 'mkc, OT " .. ,iJ to make, With n""" Ol)" ",,,I . " ,;.:.
ip.ti"" """"'-0'1. no ou~ coukl fee l 'OIl' couccm . 1",,,, lutu re ""'ut
"'bc~,. Hen:: m.mory i. j"d.cd !"C0l0,.. d. but ~"'i(ip~tion <,i,,,
1.>0"."", Ihe principle, of pr."",., ~"', kl)O".... 'Jl,is ""'~'C"'''' of dw
n,b of ""u~, li t)" ",,, tl", n'ioo of 1><1>0 ,",1 (u" d"c" . " d th i. i. the
['cto, Ih.t bc"o,,~ UpOll ,ime 0,,,,1 te mpoml 11,,-, , cril;"~1 illll"Ir' .

16S
" tmn;o:;wde," ,ime!.;.. f'<rwo1al C",1. ...1,0 i. I.'<'f0nd any no,;on "f
tTCO.,ion and ye' ho tOIUC' '0 n t~""" rel.,ion '0 ,hi .,.,.".Ii"",co,,"
ce;,...,.t '" a 1'""lue, of bi> bene,wn' will" T1U5 eausali ,y "o~-;,h"
"."d;ug, God 11i",,,,,lf i. immu,.hl ... Th,- i<k'~ (h~' "H,) P"Micubr
cau",1 r~b,i"n in~TIJI )- in'-""-e. ch~nll': ,,". mpting in ibdf. a nd
lUigb, rea(liiy be OLtggc"ed '0 an)" ..".<itr due to c,u",ing imp,.,...';\-.:
ami ;'ll1\1eut;.,1 all.l)...:, ," th e 1i1lle. Wha' J b<ti ... 'e Origell" <'1'''"
";1iOl' >ho,,'," lha, ' h" 'emp';ng idta i> fal",. 0,-, ,h " po;,lt a, I~a".
,he 1''''"ni3l """",plc ,,'as on hi. si'k.
T he .\Cril""ral rdoen". '" 'l><ginning and <ntl .lId middle "f
'i",,,,". '" weU a; ,loo ,,-Ioole ",,,,tex' at ,Il" poin' of ' hc \\"",1000 of
SoIomOb, are regardtd '" po;'llin~ to M/u",1 ' b'Mle<lge"' ". Itieh ..
n'" ,re"",1 ,,'i, h fUl)- h;,,, of eonteTllp' a' all. He i",im, Itow,-",'tl.
,h., ~'" aoual aOIl is ,I", l" ""kdge ,,-hich """.." and mi, ii lh"
<cachitlg of Jc,,,. Ch,i,, _ ,\, "ny ""0, ,, 11 kill'[",f '",,,,'~,,Jg~ c-"n be
found in ,b, Scripture: Eec]e';""e. "out"in. ",,:mal 1""",,00\... ",,,.["
edge; ;n ' he I'M,-erl .. i, i. '''''MI 0\9,"~" oue whioh cab be foun,l.
"I...",... ,he <1<:<1""". 'he rJwlr~1 (OooJJ.,y.oo\_ 0 ... i. hi<kkn io ,he
Song of Son;;,>.' Tt", 1ir<.1 is .. 'J"'OC1;"aJ" I~"""""~'l ,eachi"g. \I",
.,,"O tt<! i, the ',ophi>ti,.. l o .... '''''oo\V I .nd dl< thi rd i, ,ll. '!h."kog"
ic~\" &oo/.o-rloo\' <",<. ' /'1:0 kind of mowhlgc i. trc"t<d "ith co,,"
'e"'p1. Af"r aJl ,Itey ",e foun<1 in th e Sorip, ure and can be
OOlo1""1o."d"d b) ",""" who ba,-,' 'd~an",'<r , he''''''I, .....: acrordi"g
to his "Ot"t~", at"il't.'ollic "ui,,,(\e on ,h< ' "'''lvn b<"wcn I'r~ri,
and K n""kdg~, Sti ll. ,he con,'ic'",,, ,h~, ' hco~'gi<:a1 kno"l<-dg<' i,
'h~ mo" "J~l im" ~Ild ,.-onhwhiie """d, 0",' ill hi, ~",iIT ,,or . Hi.
ultima'e ~o,,,,,,,,, ."d aim i, Dci,her ' he ',,-i;o:iom of !he "'orid', "or
(he \o.'ito,", of ,h~ "tI"'" of 'hB world"; i( i; the '"i .. loon of God' ,
Ofig"" ,h<,.-f"", "'" ,h"oIogi'''' who ",,"<nd,xl th < ''''p' of " .,"
ura~ a. "'~ll '" ,m",,] ko",,-I<rIg~. Oo,ce ,hi, /i,,,,Luncnllll OC" 'OS",h
,,-;,h h;" met;eul"u, ,, ~,~e of cri ,ical 'no" ;" taken in'" ~cco''''',
onc <:"uhl dioc"rTl I~. ,iocw. of both n~'ur." ~ll d mod pn>l~c,,,,.
~'or "'ey are indeed e:<plkitl)' or i"'p~(j dy eXl'ounde,1 'hrougbou'
h;, ,,";t'''g> .
,-
, W~ . 1, 11 18, ft,\I""- U(l:ftI/<It. ':t()(,;ftl.o<,.\(I.
, "'IJ...., 2<: PG, 11.12<),
, fhi,

CO~CLU 'J().~
Uenee, allhoL!gh " hA, "0' be." m)' P"IJ"'''' '0 <"I"''''''ltho "hok
of U rig<n '. ,hrology, I h3,'c co". i,kn:,1 ,he . ",dy of .U 'he .'1""'''
of i, a, ah i'~Ii"><,,,abl" P"""I'I""i,io" for " nd",,,,,,,,ji"g crudal
1" "'1> of hj, (ho"~" For. "" I ,'ml'ha~.ed in 11... I",rod""liou, ho"
a thinker c"n,',"i,'~. of ,ime i. a<,,",II)' a ,-<lial.>lo ",anifeOlation of hi,
<",ire though,. T he CMttp' of ,ime 'L'llJ<I. ;" clo"" re!>,ion '0 ono',
<Il,ire way of J><rcci,;,,!! 'he wbole of rc~li')'. ;', Da,ur.d. pbilo,",phical
and 'h""l<>gic~1 "ru". ,\ ctrt;Un ,it-" of ,ime i> tom,,,d acrof'(ling
to ,hcm ."d i, i faclor "'hkh ' ....d,i"'ly . ffe",. 11.., form,,,io,, of
th e"" "a,,,II,,, i"l>. So ' he "",ion of ,irn.. both dtlmni,,,, and it iVl6'
11M,J hy all the ~>l>"'-' of a ccrt.in pIUlOllopb)", or thC<:llo!,'y. or ani_
,,,de '0 ~te ill gt"""II.
Tb"", are ' he fu",lru"cmal p""'pl'", i,;o,,' On "hieh I ha,'e
.ppro.d,,-d O ti!(l:"', tlwu~l" ill o"ler '0 "~pOlJ"d m)' ,ul1c<"l 0'.'-
t..-. '11,0 fi,-" ,hing i, to " ndo;r-..:,,'" 'h< ""'" tcrrnim.\og)' ",'hid, ""''''''
iD ",i,h OrigelL Th", i, no' all too easy, ,iuce hi. "''''' l><n<1ratillg
rdlectiom.", ,id jll':.,, ",h.re hi. principal p" r
1\(1'" ,,-as lh..,logical "od paslOr-a1 a' 'he ",m" tim ... ~'"r.U h;' "orl:,
"*"
"'Of'(" d'""",w... ,,"rill"U '0 'nc..-' I're,w'g l'aswraJ or d<>gJllalic
" ..d" in """nen" . na,d",d f", m ",her d"u<,>. Oril("n .ppe~rcd
",hen C bri"ia", ,,-en: challcng1 '0 !(i'"c a rc~"lIled defence (,f,beir
f..ith. aJUI n(~ j,," the ';'lll~e proclanm,ioD of ,h.i, """"g<' ><1iP"1l-"l)
",bid, ,h. 1\lJOlngi ... had <I",,., Ue ~l'1}ro1" ~,,<d phi]e",ophic-..! ron-
e<I"i"". to tit in hi, 'h"l!ght. c'l><cially "hen he "-M add"''''''g
pagan ~"di"'l("~ . lI i, 1''''1'0'''' "a> (0 dicit an ac,i,,,, r.i,h it< C .... I
l)Uijrling on his h~ar<'" ,oo"iog b.-1i&. a nd noti"lIS.
O rle of 11.. ru3iD lJOim, TM,ie ill thi . hook i. th,,' ho li-mucd
""lOple1<"l)' " .,,' COhC~p' "f ';"", profo"'''dl) determined hj' ,he
Chri"ian ~lti ",dc (0 lif(, a"d hi,\(},). Stoic 0' 11oli " i~" I<'rms ,'all
1>< f",,,,d in hi, '~'m<ncb.,,,,,, of o<mpo,al notion. , A, hi, ~ra , how_
"''''', the q,,,,.,i,,n of time " .. , "'" i'''' " I'f<.>blcm of I'hy';co. Thi,
i> wby he tIoc. "0' IC>' COll l<lll "i,h ' he e~rly Swic ''''.'men' of i,.
I" gi'-;"g hi' own aceOWlI, th.",f""" h. had to .""h .....' ,he pri"i""
SlOk (,il",,"'. H,.. id<-<, h,' had '0 d~h'-'r~'" ,he 1\00ioo of lime from
a C h,.;"i"" I",in' of '-;e"', lit" ' he ""'><q",,,,1 tra nofom,a,i",,,, .,
weU "-, ,h~ 'tnaill olog)" which he e".h~.J,,:(l ill . peakiug of ,j",o,
an: '" m,lical, ,hat i, i, ill f.D nry diffic"ll to 'peak of i"Uuenc~
"1>0" him, Orige" ploughed hj, Own way ,o..-ardo 'he fi:l"""ti<on of
Chrisriat) "K:" of'ime, It i, m)' co1tch,si01' ."d 'he,i, ,h., I", did
accompli'" hi, "im ,

],"'gee be "., ligh']r di,mi.;ed, aft,.,. tho dd"nco, "",a i",(\ C hapler 1.
Origcn'. an.wcr ,,, the que<,ion of time h"" a'per", . ,,hich al'<'
" .,,,,,,], ",0,",,1 ,,,,d ,it<:<>log;':"l, h, ]!rin6p] ~. "me i, '"gat<led a' a
nalu,.] n'~lil~, 4S on "]"l"cn' in ,he m"!;c,,p of ,h,' " -odd . H.
<"'1'10:.),)<<1 'h~ "ad )' S1<,U: concep'ion <.>f'i"," a. '" " """",,,,' 6ui",~~a),
bu, 'he nlOon '0 ",h;':h he ,,'ou],] be I'<'ga.-d1 n, ;ude])",,1 '0 ,b<
S'oics go<' no furtheT th~n th;u. lie ~1lirU1' 'hm ,ime ;, filII)' ~nd
" "O'I ,u..-ocall)' rta] ab'] ;' aOO a comi,,",u'n and a dim'~on of""'~]i')".
Hi< omolog)-' of lim" is appo.i,, to his entir.- liteo'} of e,,,atirn, .
Time i, a ,,,a] cn,a,ure "hi.;h <merg<' , in ,I,e ""me ,'OIlS" ,hat 1he
<min: ""tumJ ,,-orld doe . Ilu. ,,"'.uo ,hot it <Oute> fo",-an] accord_
ing '0 ,h. ItJt!>i creatl a, the 1'ro.i<ienli,;J Crtat;on. TIU, ,mnd. for
"" ",-olutionar), (OOc.IM of coming '0 OO"g, lu Ibtonic ,raditio".
w m~k, 'he Form. ~.'i"g " '",, ."", more lemp'ing for I~alo', '''c-
c"".... "', ~"ce 'he, !t;,d ma,lc ~<Jml' tQ 1>" ' h<Jugh .. i" tI", mi"d of
th e di"ine i",dlcct. and 1",,1 !Oke" OH' ,h. ,\ri"o,cii"" i,k. ,hat
th i' li" iog ,mdlect i> id,mica! ,"ith i" obj""'" In Origo" the logoi
are ..,,;,her tho<'8h,, IIOt ~'" ,h.-.,. 'ide"lk"l' ,,'i~ \ God.
T hai d," ~'t "hicb (;od rr.,,"c-d 'iu Ih~ loeginuing' is ,I," ~i.
<J' principle>. '''!(!le>!> Ih .. , God c",~,,-d 'he so/fa, '"'' 'he et"ire ",.si<
"f 'h, m.mic drnma which w,,< '0 ",,,k . h " pla, (1 tha, ",,,sic
rc~iI)' t:W/J when il is p/llJfd. ,,<~ ",h~" just "'ritt~n 00 p.~I"'T. Gcw.1
koo,," Ih~ ,."ti,.. 'm " ,i(' ",'hid, is to he piayeti ,,,,til ,I", ,'"d of ,he
world, _"il l he ;, ''')( the .ok author or pl.)";-T "f it . II"I"'t hal'l'<'n"
and i, '0 1"'1'1""" i.. ,he " '<J,I,I i, 'he """h of the d",lcc'ical rela >
tion he'"-,,," Go> "",I ,a,iowl] " ..a"" ... Tlm., for ,10 < "'1101, oftim.
to ex;" it i, not uccco;,3r)' tI,", the ",hole ilio"I,1 I...c<ompli"t~,1
al On" go.
I.. <oud'i"~ 'h< 'cbti,"' of 'pace p"-'p'" to lime P'''Ik''. h< i"lro-
(\LICI a tcmw ..",'ID wh;',h rnr<"<1ly a, ~1 pro1i)(,,~U)' i,Jb."kI cru;"i""
autho,> of the b,u e<:nlurico. 1le o,'ai)Ii,h"d " ,'irtwllI.,- a n,i.l-'b,o" ic
.n" time don MI "",'Y. It is a co"t;Il UUlll abmt whic h the wo,ld
mo,""" i, i, a dib>en,;on of 'h" world . Sut..luently, ,ime proper i,
n'" mo"c.",,"'. T h,' C"!'1>adocians, !>a,.,i,ub,i) &.'\il. ""i,1 "bou, lin ...
" ,,'hing mor~ th,,,, Orig" " did . ila,il .imply repe ... " 'hat ,h.
A]<xalld ri ~n e"a hli.bed as ~ Ch";",i,," .icw of ,i n..o. ,\",1. ill 010<
light of my anaJ.,x> iu 'hi> booo. "uS"";"" origiuali,y r<"g<lr<iillg

hu ,h",,}' <.>f ,ime hn, 10 I>< ,ltorol(gI~)' rea""""l. For ,he,." "'eT'"
to be much b . if att)1Jti"~. s..i<l ~) Io,m, ,,'hieh 1>",1 ,,<>1 b""n aha~
"" fort h ~)' Origotl . ,\t .ny rat., di",u",;"n 1",,< h". pro,'ickd ,he

a,,,''~r
CO""Ll"'O.~
'0 'he 10Ilg.,'alldillg ,!"c"iQn ~Ix)ll' 'he """'''' of '\ "g1"till~'

""
theory of ,im", I ft..,-< ,ho,..1 th,. i, " ... Ong<:II' ,.;.,... , "hicb
w,re ~"'plo)"ed by "ug",';"e. Sp, ... e.';m, i, ,he en'lraI n01ioo ;0
00;(""' "a," ".l cOllcep.ioll "f,h, ""rid. Tim, i, "loo fu,i ... ; i, co"'"
into exi>.c ,,<" 0 \ 11 of '>OJ,-exbtcnce. a. a ere.t",.. of Goo .long with
,p,ce. It will .1", CQUlC 'Q an clld. wbich ,,il] be 'hc cnd of 'he
aii,)" of '1,acc.';",,, os wh"lc.
The notioo, of tiJ""bsn.". ami ,"mpomL,)" a .... dearly ""u,ci
a,,~I . Cod i, ,inwle.. "'ilell:a, 'he ,,,,rk! ;. '."'poral. 'I'he fin;,e"","
of "'I,,,,,,,.' i,,,o i, ab" ck..l)" pr<>p<>lIl1ded . Thcr~ i, no nmi"" of an y
"cn::d ,imc. or God, ,imo. OT '")" inlini,c time. Ii",< ha,l a bcgin.
ning. 'here io a rea>On for du, '0 e~;" and i, will tome '0 ." e~d
when 'hi> """,,n ",iU cca", '0 e~;",. The di>,;oc,ion b.""~n "tem
poral ."d '""'I>or.1 o.liti,, .11)0".'" ill ,j bt:cau"" ""," ca"," ;'110
exi"~IIC< a. an "kmo", "f 'he "",ke. "p of ,he ,,,.,,,ld, whieh ,,;11
I"we " fin;,c d",a';ol1. !kfOrT or afier". '" '0 'pcak . ,hi, ']lIrn,;ou
'here i, onl)" timcl ..."e",
'I'h, oo"e'l',ioll of tim. ;. ~" ...,ntial ..J'.""-1\1 '" ,hj, ,h,,'glu.
" hieh <lw'I""';""" '",,,I;, ,I nn,j,oed to)" b",, b,. (''''I' rcl"," ,b (;00:1 .
'he ,.-orld. ""d ' he ,d>l;,," hC'''<'<'1I ,I", d i'''''e re_li,y ""d c",~"" .. ly
lifc . Hi. ,hou"", IUm, bc cou>idere<l ou lhc ["",illne.,,"1 I'rcllti!iC
'hat Orige1l ;, ol>o'-e aU a "'",Iogi.,,,. a ll eXl>onent of ' he """sage
of &ripl",... A. ,,,eh. be i, rcr1";'~) "01 o!,Ii,;oo:" '0 hi, ""cu!:"
b",kgr<~",d, I", i, '''''Lo,"~1 ,.;"',"'. 0'- ph ik.o>ph)--a. hackgr<.>,,,,d .....,,-.;1.
"XI,,,, .. ,c, ~> ""1;;11 ., dcep. \\,h .. ;, od",i,..I>1<- ihOLol(l' "' ,h:., hc did
"0' 3110w hi, ",,,c'1>1;O'" '0 I,. j"flLJCllcffl all ,long hy ,hi. hack
ground "'"" 'hough hc n",de ,,idc u,age of ,hI: 'ceh";,,,,] uOmW
et",,,. ,,,,";h ble 10 hUn. Ou Ihe (0)'1>":11). "'1,<,,",- ,...,,,-Chro.iao
ph;I"'""1'h;";,I "'nM an; empw)"cd. ,hey ha", un""rgonc ,,,,,h. pru-
,u ll d and radi,,,1 tranm,rnm,;on . ,I"" ;, ;, only in n"me 'l~" 'hey
rescmlole tlleir pagan hQm,,,,I'''''. T he ,,,, ,,sfonna';"'l or .hc Stoic
,kfmi,;ou of ,;mc 3. ;SUW"lP". "" "'cU a. thc r.,lie,,1 (liffeTCncc of
';m' n' ;S,M""". from 'he homo")"" term of 1'Io';"u, . .. re doqu''''
,x.mpl", ,,[ 001(1"' ;">pirali<m. T h,' toll'-'pl '"'' of tim~ . nd ,he
1"""inCllI ",m';!l(Il<>g)' ;IIj,i"",d b)- b;",. oxor",d a profou nd i"fl","ce
IIp,,n ",I""'ILlell' Ciui,,;," ,lu"kcT>, EYe" "', howco.-.:r, 'hc,," ~",L""
did "", al,,a)~ 1"0\-0 "hlc to ,Uow aU o,-eT bi. ""lie,1 d;""'11I fw",
1~'iI"" co~cel~io",.
AugtJ"in,' folio".. O,;g.-n'. origil)aI Iwn"!,(io",. 11lI< he "'" "n~bk
'0 [0110" hi m ;n 'h, r~d; cal ".",f"rm'l;O". o[ 'he "',,,pla'on ic

3iO
eoncopli..>n. of ti nl< r"'al1 to a kind of mMlm of ....,I!~ a, ... dl a. to

th e ,Iitl~"'nt pUll"''' th,u ,ime "" lila(tmm, had iu Uri~'Cn. U n ,h<
(IUCOt;O" of tim" at h ..". '\\I~~"'i"e b", be<n I'<"g""led. 0\0, u,u;,iri).
"s ha";u!! ,,,,,,,um l.. .ti)" bt" not h.. c()ucqnioll' all 'h<
W")". 11"". alt hollgh he <1lll ne;atc"< th.t al ... .. " Mlmal realit)",
f; rtgot) of ....."i~n'" ,,))(1Joh" of I lam"",,,, po>1uiattd aim ns the
ti.od.,. ,ij\i"" lik In " ..k c,"ur.., ' to on""o', \;.;,,~. "h"I th."..
write,., po>tlllat1 " . "io" ".,.. in f><et th" Platonic and "'.opbtonic
)np,ion of it: a" d pot. it i. U r;g<:1I ", ho i.. ",~",ru.,.1 as iniluclIccd
be the"," 1"&"" !!Chool' of , hought.
If Origtll hokl! a notion of "temporality, th;" ;" not 1"-".",,, any
""'.'" of r. ......,k tho";,;hl did u,tI"."ce bim. Mt", .ll. tt... r. ......,k
",h,",., "hid hold th e I>otion of atcmp()r~lit r "'g"rd th. n"ri,1 .,
n"Crt;",ing. UOI fmi :u O rigc n doe . 11 , "1>hoI,b 'he uotiou of . tem_
porali,)- I>c<'au>c the"" i. a thoroughly . ign i6cabt ,..""'" for tin .. '"
<:Xi.!: thi, is 11", natu,~1 ..t.ment of c<.bt). nhieh ,...n, ~- " rn;a,,,,,,'ly
r"..."<1o.o olean;ngfill '[1,;" f"",\<)o" co"I,1 make 00 "",,,., in 11", al""l!C<
"f time. It i. througlt Iimt th~t the ""Ofkl "'ill rct",n '0 0 ....1. T h;, i,
its """'" '{'tf,. It ex;'" r,,, a ~"'f'D" ,,, he filif,Ucd and tbi. ;" "h)-
ti me h,,' dr.u"~tic character ao<1 " ' 0,-cm"" in thi< h.. " .. Ieo
k>gical Ihn."<uo". Thi, is " I", th. ,'","''' f,,' e"'I>io)1nS a l"ulo"!I"II
time. e'''''pri,ing mall)" ae,," >. )"et a ~nj tc time. ' Il" i<ka of reo " ....
,,'nt "0,1d> p""",kd .. ~ace to aim"", no ''''< in <1,< ~nci"nt ",odd .
-I'he theo,)- ..... , "ot a "",ree of con.obt ;oll, hilt of.." all adrlit ional
""mCc of horror .nd the re""'lL in 1'1;';,,; 'he lIotio" of frl:rt:iODl in
ti,ue. Ihe ,h',k<tic.,1 ,...,I.ti"" "'ith a I"-1"so",,1 (lod. ~'e fUlh,o"", of
tim, ""d th" id,-. of a P" 'V""'" to bt fultilkd .11 the", n,-re oh,,-11[
fmm the P.S:l.tI c"""eIM ion, of timc . Orig~u ,,,"oi<led tho I",!"II\ hom
of Ih.: dil.:",n",. b)" "'11ling for. finite 'lICce""on of .....,.1<6. ,,-hioh
iD fact he ha,i to ,~) "" thc gmll"''' ruul p=" ppo.. itiolL' ,)f his ow"
, heoiog). O therwise. 'he crucial cha=ter of lhe ~"euu"'er of ra,io.
",,] c,...,"""" "i,h God " -ouid be oIno",d. Mor.1 acti,", ,...nd~" lit<-
",I!i<ct of it c,,"eill l cCIIWr of ""po"';!,ilit)", eOIl>id<;rillg th.: hOITur
th " soule pcopl' npcri<lIcc wholl the)" ,hiw.. of the ;"fiwtude of
ti tuc. :wd focI thcir "'", brief eX;>1mcc ,l .... rfe,i by "~ . In th"t """"
it ",igilt bt "1"8'"<1 that ID'pair "'ould ",,,r,,, helm 'ht ",om! ,ulricc,
and l,j, di,blo' of Ion,,,, no,,.xist,-oc.- 001 .,,'prisiogt) " -0,,111 ,ij,it.-
t.~le illt" p.,';,-" fa",h$m of a Far P.:!>lem eh",,"'ter_ 'n \;, i, illd"",1

CO""Ll"'O.~
'"
ho ... an i"fini", ti nl< rob. "Clion of i" .ignifOC'l Il C<, "lid "XI"co, any
OCn,," of frectlom "",I ""rx,o,i IJili'r into inert '~"'cnc' ...
Thi. co",id<r.tio" ,1>0".. ,hal ,ime I"hho"gh iD p,.j"dpk " ...,
oraJ ,lem,,,' h~, also '.';00'" in<lced d ...~m~'ic, ""klf!hy,uo/ implic .
';0"". Time i. "'here ' he di\;ll c and <n"",""'l)' .., ;11 e,"cou", "ac.h
0,10" au<1 co"" a
to ,lirueC1ical rc l" ,ion. C'-C 'HJ re< lean' ",.hat 'he
will of G,~I i. thwJlgh G(~r, ""'11 manire.'~tio", ill 'he ,,-OOd in 'he
\-~riO l " kairu;. Ye! ,I".y ~rc tree IQ conform 10 i,. or no, '0 do JIO;
,10,,) a,,' f,~.., '0 01",) 0' '0 ,(jsot>c)"_ On :.ero''''' of Lhi. f" ..-doIn.
'he ,Io,,,,,ion of an "eon, of thoo< "'hieh CUm l";": 'he "n';"'I)' of
,ime. a ,,01 ",,0>10.0' or pn:dctcnnined. h i, ,,01 dc'ennined ei, Iocr
b)" (OS"'''''' k~'i or b) aD)" M/IJbJtW!ljOb1Ii; ... b", i, ;" 'he oll!Com" of
,h;" "'_'U ,,/MiM betwee" r;",1 a"d ,be ,,-orM,
Otigo'n h"c-d in ~ political and spu-i"",l en';runmcm in "lU<b he
,,"'-, &",.d "i,I, all ki nd, uf challellge<- \\,hik dc"ol<d 'Q hi, f~'''Qrru
ami e<lif,;ng carc. he "h" "',,"< to l'w\;,!e " fon"ula,,,,i '~)gm~ of
'h" new rcligiou. Thi . a, a ,im" ,,-hen ,h. amjChru,i,n ..",i",,,,,
,,'~S on 'he t-i"". ,Ioe I{om,,,' SI"," 1",..,lk-.:l furi"", .,wcb ag~ i o"
C bru';an;ly. i",;"utl . ,;o" " ."" eoou"uous ."d p",..","u,;o" "01 r. .. ".
,,-i,l, l~,g.n phil<,."~)hc,, h"';"g mack 'h" e"", a!f1i,,, , ,he CI ..;"i.n
write" Hr}" ,harp _
!k,;t1e. ,he'" we"" .,!t1i,ionru ,~IIic ,d,ie' conceming the i>llue "f
,h" " I",ruse "OIjo" of ti",,,, Fo< , h" it"'" ,i"~ <kb.1e "b"", i, .,." ....
"",d rAging .inee A,,,iq,,ity_ WI"" i, mo"" Origcn aCl<xi in a
p.-ri",l "h." G"'ck philu>,h) ,,~, t\()\ )<1 dead oc ""','n morih,, "d
or ,,d,ola .. ic, "'-"0 thoLJgh rlifr~"'H .cho"l. "f 'ho"gh' ,,-~rc jo>'~Hg
e"ch oth<:T and eclt..,,;rum and ","C'-CM'" w"n: "nder ","}". Whicb
'Ue~'" ,hal 'h~ p".. ibilily of eroo,-f.t1; Ii>;"uoo be''''''''h p"!!ani,,,, ,,,,.I
Chrutiani,), ".,,, oo,,,,,,,,,J~ f>C<"""'-
It i. agai"" thi. hackgnmml ,I"" Urige,,', fea, of pio"eeri"g a
md;cally n~'" \;~.,.,. of , ime .ho"ld 1.>0, co"" i<kr~d
Hi> h.d'K.-o"nd ",;'t, profiL~bk a nd frui,fuU), hmagh' into oIoe fur
,uulal;"" of 'he COtl(el~ of li",e. Soli he ",,,de """,tom,.";",, whicb
c",,,,i,,,,,, gt"""inc illt"",,,,;,",,, "'" mC'" ~d,~"cc, 10"","" ma"" '~.
~"c ' he kernd of hi, ~c.h;""<me,,' "'.,, "0' Ih< i"i,i.l employ""''''
of d,e S'oic ""tologic.\1 """c'1"io" of ,ime , Tbe determioiug f,etor
wa, 'he d"una,ie bn:akth""'gh_ ",!,ich h~ hi",,,, lf accotll l'!i.he. :\ml "o"c,Iock". it ""s the h"l';rffl u","",!"ni"" of lI\l" "c'C'
"".'T "~,, 1<nni""lugy in th . phi!""",pl'" of ti"",. hanrlbl 'l<" in

a" (,ff.puuillg m.nn", but i" a "'3.j"hk .,,'ay. Thi. i, .".h)' ,h.
"'copi3'ollic <"'"'tue again" 'he Swic. ,\0<:,
110' pu, .ny 01"" on
Ori .."", .". Ioo;,;n f"c! ironn,,'" '0 ,J,,,
~;".j of crhic;'",. For a.hhough
<"Ch"'" of S,oici,", .n: ."dible in hi' l"<.fcn-nc," "" Ih" c.min~1

i.."e. or ' hc orllQlog-,- or tim ~ Origen part> comp"''')" ...i' h Stoici,m .
'nu. ,,-:t, all enormou, ,,,i,le to..-:on1. fornlo~,ion of a Chri>,i,n , i~'
of time.
h i, i,eY0ll(1 Ill)' ,col''' '0 deal ... i,h Orige,,', 'onhoo:lo~}" or ' 00",
onl-todu:<y'. Reg;",hl)g hi. cO''''''I'' of lime Ibo"gh onC co,dd nolo"
thi;. A ra,h"c ,impl;"ic rok h." pr,-,.;kd amQ Ilg ..,h"Io"" 3100u, lhe
rda'~)n bc'..-een Greek anol bib~ca] d'Qugh~ the Greek i. 'UPI>o><:d
' 0 be concerned ",,;, h 'P.''''' ~nd ",,,,,,e . ... 'bile lliblical 'hough' i,
",keo to he prec><o" p;"d wi,h ,ime au,1 hi"or,., T he <ri,ie, orOrige"
" OlierocO,"" ,,'h., ')"'Y sr. a, '(";"" '~ ' ch;,racleri.IiCli of hi' ~\ Otls ) '"
0,10"". "" h" rog-.,d ,hom",1,'0< a, O}'ml'a,h izcN of OriS"n, .tri,-o t"
pl",- ,I"",,, '0 a I>oi,,, of e_,d " ,;on, if \_,,-,ihkj ...h," ,he.,. c"u";'lcr
H' 'Cree k' chame,eriotlo ~nd 1<, O'-C""""" wba, rh<)' reg>od ,.. !>ib
1;";'1' 0""'. Th e fo,."",r f(M'" , m" i, ,,,,,,,"ion "n O,<gt' .. , co .. ,ider~
,io", rouc,""cinS pIA". "I",,,,,.. <I,e I;'((er ...-,,"1 ,,, """ o,u), """'"'' ''''
"f 6"" (ill het, c,'c,l.."ing ,ime and lCm\>OJ'"~1 nOli<)n, in hi, ,,(,,b .
II'h'" ,bey .11 " egle<1 i. tha, 'he I~,.i '~", of either 'poc' 01' ti"" in ~
cu,.un oonception of re.l]i,y h'" 1\0 rw'agoni<hc charaotu .rld ,hi .
is ,.-h", b;'J!I"''''' ;'' O rig<"h,moughl. ]" <I ... f,oai ;",,,1)";'. ' p a<:<" ~",I
timc cOI", i,utc _ roali,),. Thc "~")' d"fi nilio" of ' he nolali"n of, i",<
to 'I"'c" cl". rt; _, ho"" ,10., he I",d ,h< Jf"i~ if "0' tl,C co" ""iou.
cOOl cep,i"n_ of ,hi> fac' _ A, any ca". ' he "o,ion of ')lac.,..,i",< ;. 0 '''_
'L"".liOlgl.,. prt ... ", in Iu. worb. The CO<"l""ndio ," term 'oo-<:_" "nde,1
a\o!' gsidc ,,';(1, ""~~Q.,..~"i""",. U, ;Isdf a ]!lcik"of!lcicall)' "I" reo".
1'01."",1 into , hc om i,,,,,)' ..,un'"", of thcol"S"' languaS" _ In ,hi,
m;""'~r "ni,y ,if ,!,ace "'KI 'im~ ....... c()()'ai""d i" 0'" circ 'JD"cril" ~""
and ' he COl 0m10U, influe"cc of ,hi> irl<a w." ind.,..,d ~rough' 0"'.
'nu. i, the f,et ...hic h model1l ",hol..,.. w.'" '0 tJi,rcgaJ'd, . im ply
bt-.:au>t" 'h"l' do 00' ...-an' ' 0 "'" ,ha, 'he l'o"(),\,I,",e,, ;" 0'" ""btu")"
h,,-, ,",i rel) chal'S"d . I)~'i"g ,h .. la" h,,,,,., ro )""~'" i, i, ronSlan~~
1'''''-';0 ,h"t th e "-,,rid in which we 1;". ;, .'" th. "'e""lD,,;ao on" .
D"ri,,/! doe wt dec~,b 'he ", ; ,hc"",,iC'..1 Theory ofT"",or Cale" lu.,
.",bid, ,le.] .,,;t h dillcrcut 'l'ac<>, I"" \lCS'''' to con,j,b the P"~'_
leh' of ditl"",,,, 'I"""" ot her ,h,," t loe , h,..,..,. or fo " rdime",io1L~1
one, ' in di,...,,1 n1,,", .. " ilh Co.",o~'S)". C~rrai"I). 'he <)""'-'11' o:k:~l,
.".;,10 0,10,-, 'f"'C'" i" ,h"m,d,,, . no' "'ith "n)" l><oo>ihJ., ",';)>go 'd ...'dlini

CO""LI"'O .~ 313
in ,h"n.' How",'''. 'h' pro!>"'", wbich ar;", a", alft.l'I) 00..;,.".

b,~, if on" o,,.,io..ooI< ..d d", d,,OO)" or oo:h<r 'Pares. d,,,,,, ~n: ,,;gnifOOl
'':Uo. " 'hich <...uld hardl)" Ix <kn;~d.
Fi",I)". I.h< u"' '''n "f ,imo/uJ~ !hl""g), ,,,,, 'he cI"i", uniH,.,., (l hi,
,;';hlc uni,,,,,,,,) ma ke, no ,,:11>< :IDy mOrl" . ID ' he listu of' he I"hcory
of Rda, ",it)". ".' <menl> ,((cb", 'an)' 1110111<00' of ,imc i. ,be , amc
ut all I"ace, IP. G",.,."di or '"w1)' i" di"i,ibl, mOl",.", of ,I"",'ioo
i, c'"<rywhen, , "e",,,n ~ "n: no' "J id a n)' mo,,'_ For in faCl ' h"
H:da,i,;,y Theory di.cred i" ' he no,ion of prc><u' n<"". l>~u", i,
,da' e. '0 an ob .. "wr, f.Ame of refere nce ,he qu,'S' im, of ,,'hieh ,~,.
"'n' O\-.,ul> 3rc no".,. pre,",,"'..\Iodem ", ho",,,, "" ma " y 1'''''''
aficr
Ihe Tb,"",)' of H:e]",i,;ry. and <ldpi" i " o""",U "cnl'icatioo. do " 0<
""" '0 or, C"~ mlOl l dis","",,,,'" ,hc",-"h",, from 11,,' ;>,:,.,.!Oltian ""rid
pie'u,-.,. Uu, Ihi> 1.. r<~lM ioo of the .,.",ld i u irr<",>cahk P""" Many
"''''ctt.",r.,- d<:b.~,,"", Ipan;cubriy in Ihe philo;opb)' of ,iIlle rould
I",'-e hecn .,-oided if ... hol;", ,,-ere 1 .low iD re.I".ng 'mU Ihe
pr"n,''''' of rdleC!'lJg On crucial probleD," loa", thorougbl)' <hang1.
ThaI 'be Theo') of Rei",;,;!) i, 1101 .""il) rcada~k: or compobe,,
>ible 'W 110' make 'ho bC1 of ' hc r~d",al change 10.. real-i' only
I'rodu. ,,",'erial . wb;ch '" (~)wI<1~ alre~d)' Ix-fore being I''',,'od. If
in Pia,,,', em il ... ,,' nee."",' 10 "", .. i,. Id""", 00 ~ I a,h<ma,ic;
befure 'h"'" of l' loilosol'b)" Ih", ,,a. '" beeau", lb. old rn)'tlmlogi .
ral ron<'1"'OO of, he ".-o,-)d had radic~JI) d'~ng<' d . tin' ~)e ;"'1''''--<1
ido", of ' he P",,,,,,rali.c phil"",phers_ A UC" ,b>ciplin<d "I'pruach
w~, nccc.sary aJl(1 .\1a1f"",,,i.c. ""-' gO(~1 me",,, j,,,
c"n.nuiug
Vl'i,h Ihe emergi1tg uett .. itie. of .6.mif>< nt"hodology.
1 hdi",'. ,hal 0" , d~) ha, Ih<- ""rn, rh"'''r(e,i,\ia ""d oflc-c!ioD
m' mClaph)~k,, 1 I'rut,I,,,,, ha> bt-g<u\ 10 b,,,'e 1'''' ''''III;'i.., .irnil'"
Ul qu"LI)" ,,;,h ,h .... uf. d;"",,, <ra . '", ' Ite "al"h,) of ,h, rutl
cq>li<m of ' he ,,,,rkj l"lS !xu p",fouudty shaku, _~nce the C(mcq~ i oo
of rt.l~t)' m.unl)' in tcnm of J/W< ba. r... lirn lly <h"uge'l. 'ne '; rn,M.
,lahk a",1 ""~,ill al~"'::h<ns.ibl. eon<epoOt' of !he world has be<-o
.h""cfcd. Thi, i. Ihc aClu.,1 "",I .1<1' af,cr '''-c",)"f,,'c c'CtI"'''''''
SU!""xl,,,-nti)\ il i, tU, mo'" 1"-,,,iI,1c ,,, rdh'\ Ot. ,ime indq>< nd<n'ly
frum 'I"c~, h i, my ,;<'" ,hat O rig<n', I IIOU~I" , "ppro:>chod iu th.
, Cl. DT 1.. ~<I<n. A..

,,' bon.:0.: ....- YoR. 1'186 .
1._ ... .. T...- c.&-./o. /1.-.-" ... Co",,*<>. 301
M. c.,:"", . N . W. "''' ..-.J I. i .

light Qf th e ""'" prc'"PI><.ilio"'. u'" ";th,,and th""" rl",'e!Qp mcIIU
o.ud, "=,'OCll , the c h~Ueng~, "'I",,h o'~r ,lOw b<wu to I""",. T",,-.m.
,bi, ,h"'Clioll mllCh ...,..,accb i, SliU n<:<.,-"",; and I beli"'''' ,b m ,be
fll\dill!(S of ,,,dl a n '..anb ,,'iU he of <I""osl ,,,,, . ...,,,, _
'>econdl)', i1 becOIn<1 incr~""ingl)" ru!m '0 maintain tha, h,"nall
hc;"g; arc 'he o,d), ,.,uion.1 'Teat""" iu (h~ ,-;"ihlo ll ui",:nc laud,
ag~ilL I ,~) no' m"",ion other "I"'cc" Wh., "hout 'ho '~I;llg con_
"'qox:nceo of ,he m"arn,uion of Chru.:' So",e ccnttlri<-. ago, ,be 1>rOO
1<-m for 'on ho:><lo~{ ,"'' 'I',i," ,imple: " 'he' her ,he e~rlh i, Ill\"
immO"ablc n( cr of (h.: " ni,,,,..., or nul. " .," a m"U.:r of a:1" or
M , T he allci"n' affirmation I",cam" uO!!,,,i(,u . a"'] th " ",hol" proh_
lebl "'" ,u""ounled H""" " cr, 'he challebg<: . wluch arue fro", the
",,,I,,ti,," of ou r m.-" world. "i....., arc 110' .., ,i ,nl"". Ho,,' ",ill 'h"'"
,-~,;c",~1 n',,~n "'" I", ",,t~ 1' We'" ~ ~'") ahad~ ,.",,,1 hefon.- buma<l
hei,,!!,? And. if "'. h",," I"" Coo', <:L'I><n .. tiun manife,,1'
~ hkm ",iw.,<: t<U, '" ' hm Ihe ,;;il~e maltn of the " " i,,,,,,, i.
0,,1), a ,mall fr"",io n of the ,,,,in" ,eal man ,";'tinK in thi" in fac,
,hi, i, onl f r" ... l",r ...."" of 1110- "'H i", coom;c mall"", The rem:',n-
itl8 ni ,,",}, lR'e W' c~", (,.,Uk-d ',I,... k ,, 'a,,<-" ,,,,,I ',1.,," e,,"'gy') i,
imi'iblc to hmru", . -,ti ll (hi, i, real ,rutller '!Id ' he phy,,;ral evn",-
'1"""<:<> of il> 1''''''''''-"<: "I'<" mo", "",I more fTC<J "<:lItly ,k'ccti It
"."1'" (h.t h',"""11 b<ing< "I'<" made of (an,1 eau ""'-" a man which
is o,~y tj,'" p<-r ",''' of 11", ,,;<i"iI'g ""HI~r. It _Ill< dTal " e. a; ,,'.-11
a, all (he visible un i,',....,. ~rc 11 0' llIad< of ' he .."". m~'-Cri~1 '" 11><
'<''' or Ih. ,,,IJ~ e"i"itog u"i,,,,... , What d",-, d", n"t of w.mic
ma"~r m"k "I" Othcr world, "'i'hill tho \\x"ld' Ot her b<ings' lk
th a, ., it 1lI'~. Urigc"', di>tinc,io" l>e' ''' 11 "h Ol "' W )1 >c",,' ami
"'h'" i, 'i",;,;bl," . bould be .-.cHUcd.
Certainly i, "'o"ld 1><' <l nff~li.ti.' (0 e'!,<ct Orig< n I" tit ''''~ d~
in'o the ca,egori.. of '1Ib""I"ClU I"";od ,, 11'. Ii,... h""-""cr, ill all
illtdlec" "lIr n:\'()lu,ion>.r)" era . "'hell lOO mau)" of (h" Ir.<:L,ionlll
IIo,iou,. cOln-ietio", am] ccrtaim ic> arc c()U~p,i ,,!!. I" , hi, ",arr_ug<_
men, ""d d;'arra)". ,h,,,, a,e qu.,.liom to which I""K"1.~,..:li"ll nu.w<1"'
"~'m no mo'" "'''lid and cOI",inriuK To ,,,ch 'I"""io", Orig.. "
"",rn, '0 ha,'" ,,-,,ne "',,"en '0 pro"idc: Th" world compn.., ,",my
p""ic,,13r 'pace'. 'no< ,li,-iuc-cn:~,,,,d)' ,-,.Iatioll ;. no' conceil'<:d in
tenl" of Good-""' . 1.11 ' ;" I<:nll, of GoJ-mn"",,! rrrom,,, in ,,,rio,,,
'Po,ce', In a fin,,'" w()r~ I intc"'] '0 , hol\ 00" Orig<:" co"fum. Ihat
[he olea'''.'",,' of Christ ,o,>Ok place onc~ ~"d tOr aU a"d enli;; hl-
, ncd h;,,,,<)' f"~,, i" b"ginning to iu " nd It "-"" the .:ntin;ty of

CO""Ll"'O .~
,."ional "",a'u,",. noo onl)' hLl man OOnll' . ...11;';11 ... c,o "" '<"<1 ont of
,hat unillue <,-"Cm.
n.. l'roIlkn ... wh;';h only now loegin '0 loom ,"~i c"",,n l ""hodo'
".. il! h.,.., to aM".,.. them """'W, or la""" Ong. -n h .., p",,-i,k-<l hi,
an''"'-~t> Imn y ceotllne. "go_ \\"h~tbc, ,ud, ,;" ..~ are 10 he takell 3$
OJ",,-.:n for 'h" linure. rcn'''lru 10 be "ell ill 'he ~~ of hi",,,
k;-dl ~ le and ~, ,-ic,,' of 'hc /in II!"C ",:1 ""I C(~"cnt of I""" OJ' k"o"iedl(".
T he'" ;, DO ""ed ~itber !O lIn ,lerra,e or ''''''''''!I",e 'he wmroral
or "p"Iial a'l",n. of hi< Ihou.g!n. j <'" for Ihe .. 10.. of foll""'ing mi ...
I"adi ng and. nOIl",hdc". ob""kw c,ilcna. T hi, 'hQ ugh' ha> "I ...ay>
beeu. ami still i., a hiRitl.,. cOII'",,-erna! our. In ' hi< wo .!tu<i;",1 ", a whole. So",,, 1.~tin po"iom c!"Ca,e mtber 'hau
0<.>1,.., probh'm" a[<er 0", e'''I,'nc.' f(},. a ~realion of ,inw. h ;, ,L.-
coo",,-," iog 10 fi"d lha, .ume ~f Ih~ P" ''''''Ir''> .poak ~, if ,he,,- " 'as
aficr all time lx-/i"" 'hr c",a';oll, a",1 imiccd to fi nd cxpres.,iou,
a. if lim" ,,-e'" o"'l)'ing ",-er the ,li"i"e I",ing. ,\ , ",,,,.d ill lh "
I"'roo:h",';oo, I,""" ;, ,hot ,I""" gb "im \(orru impl)-;" K Ih.l 110.,,,,
" ',,. " " N1fI... ';Ole. ,\I(eT 10"'; 1>& ,kl"'" O' o<:<! '\\(gt"';H" dra"-;ng 0lJ
0 ,;8"" ",,,,,,em;n!! tl,e ror""'Pt of timc, tb,- ' Iu c"ion ,Io:.t h", .... mc
,im ... c,oNO,1 ml" ", i" d i< ..,-hnh<r 'he Augu;,inian ol>inion al~,u'
,Iilkre", Itiod . ofti",e "C",,,,,;., mal an OJ,gd;" Out i. 'he mj>gl,idcd
p,<><lun of ,10 .. b un ,.,."den"!l of 1'tW i",,;Ueol ;mo biJ; ,,'nw,!\<.
Aftcr aU ,hc,,- ;, "'ltni>e' uf poin" , I"'''' ing ,\"!(U"i,,e', " i",,, as
a c"Y't~lIi l~'iou of hi, 1'''"<Ie,........ '''' i(ka~
Oil the o,h.. ha ",1, and C"",k la"gu~. 113> c<a",cl to I." a Lloi
,,,,,,, l one long time "/;0. Too TMnl" ",od':111 ",onosmph. on Urigcu
",.", " 'ri""" k';~' "r\,,,.JI) 0\0 ""g:.ge"_",,,, "" h ill< ,'.." bulk of hi<
en-,-k k-';tin;:s-..,-h;';h ..,-,;,i ,,1(' h""o,,,, took the hcrr "k~u ]"1.""",
of this . ld.m4nh .. 10 h. cmnl~"",d _ No a"th o ri '~';,." "-,,,,,, j,,o can
",all)' he mad" of thi. thrologian, ,,-i,hou, cun."hation of this ,-oh,
IU;"''' ",,,-k.
To ",01 uJ~ from a Greek 11OU" of,,,,,,, O rige,,', , 11"'1)" of <f<~'iob
and ,ime "",,,,;IUU', ,n' "Ileri) bokI <he",). cmire!) ""i.lk'''-'' '0 ~")'
C",d och<:..>l of 'huugh' _ III o,der for a S,oi,- to gu alUllg ,,;,h tl,i,
COII<<1>t of tim", ..",,,ctbiog more Oil hi. I"" "cc,[, to be cm.ceded
which how<'-'M" i. far 1"'-,-00<1 tbr I',inci~,d Stoic doclrinc. !>I"cb the
"'n>< goeo IOr a "<-opb,oni<, . For 'h e ,hetr ra"ge ~f arg l"ne", .
khi<h I>ol,,,,r up 0,,&<'"'' \;c"-. are foU) fo,,,,lipuiatiOl" ",n 'h ~ <>n",Io:,)gy cl ,ime, and ' ho bUll,:)' <.>f
m Joiai rdiJJ"nl""" and ,kfuti,iom of 'h" ,ul!icct. colBti"'t" " Illajor
(;II"lpt an,l a 'M"';'" lrIw<fonna,iOh io I b ~ de,"eklp",enl of tbe
Ch";" ian , ' j, '''' of ';m,, \. et ,I",,. I",,'c nO, I"",, ~ppfW ;",cd tlu"ICC'
forth , S,ill h ~ I"", I.:c" Ih< f",rcl",,,, of" \'tl")' imp<>rtmlt ""Iicipatio"
o,,, conling a tcltai" peIT'1,tion of,i ,ue proper, a, ,,'cll .. i" rcL~, i oll
to >t,"ce. 11i, rcmarL ".. = ,I",rpcr th~" an)' of t/1Q1C of I,;' " !Cc,"",,,,,,,
'UJ",...
"",l lti' inn,,,",,,io... ha,. ,,,' ,"" been ,d.d , Sob'" of,h. OCCO,,""
"n<,,<k<l h~ I,,,, Ch';";,,,. '>T;'e'" " C" more ''''lcndt'<l. h,,, ,bc~
"ore not f"llcr. O th, ... j"'( fell ,hoo of b,j ng ,,,"'en a n""c an( ho,,,ic
..,ho of hi> ';0,..". For . Iw"ugh they utilized lIoe ,,,,,,,bubl")' initi_
"1<,1 \>y ltim. wCl" fell foul of'he enure conception e~p""sed , h'oogh
th i' term inology.
If I"'~r 'hro,;e, u.fl uenct'<l b) O ' ;g"" ""o",'d dose 10 1'1,,100;"".
", "","umh",1 t" 1\eol~a"",i.m , th i, o<eu,,,,d lxe"" .. imti>p<,,,.hk
fado!"> of O rigc n', COrl cq>1io.m wc,," al>Yll' from ,h"m , In fad ' hey
were i'''I"",,,,. I><'<I aO(O un" of bi, "i......... Rnd W<1' 1l 0nbaIJr inlrtl-
,i<,u<l .nu.;,) ,,;<1, Ih,,,,,i,,,, 0' NC"<''I'laIOnism al poi"', wh,.,.., O rig<'''
10", i""ino l<d " ,he,,' di,;simil,,,-;,)". For he ro"'picuousl) mO"",, ;n a
,'ein radically difT.",,,( f,,,m p"!pn philooophy.
O rigcn'. ,"""Iog)" oftime, '" a ,,"I,,~e , actu ally con,ti,utc. a ",dieal
bn:ak ,,;,h l'l.ltoni, m. Still th. faoo i, (h.t on .".,h"m" " .... in' I",,,,,1
on I"",. io A.D , 5 5 ~ , Th" to"in blame ;'g";1l>f him " ',, 1~~lOl1i ,m.
T hi, ;, a t r~gie hi, '",;e bia, , tiU accom p',n);ng him "" a mo'if i"
""Iu,!:,rh i!" "hich I",r";,,,, no.l; <"1<rr~i n, ,./'" jd<~ <.>f O';~,n; (h,~
hoill g l'latoni,,,, and N'''I'I>.,o " i,,,, in C bri"i,,,, g:rnllellL I argt'~ in
thi . book, how",,:r, tilt" , on 'h" i"He of V u,,,I"g)" of Time ami
C,...ali<", .uWJI. lite inW'"","e ,w... ho al."", I~a'o"i"" ;u OriSe" i.
," I!i<ct W seriou, " i,,,,i,m and lend, il.,df to ,,,tiulI.a! b,"'I\',,,,d (JP
,,;th hi. ",,"n 'UI>.
'11"" br c"c')'<>ne is ","",'",C <.>f (Ik' fac' ,hal Origw for 'he r."'t
ti oue produced " rc~lI.,. n"w weory of ume. A brilli,,'" accomplish_
Ttn" raITI)' <:<1,",11<:<1 and ,,"'''' exco Ue,1 by his "ocr"""". An ","rom
l'li,h"wm, for "hieh h,' 'W"CO ,,,,,<";,.,,d dw c.....d i, Iw dc,,",,'cd , lleu.
in tho tigh' " tl,. di"on i""" all(1 hi>., agai,,,, hi, thoughl '" a "'lout".
which letl h' the an'''Io"",,,, 0" bun , the uni,'""",1 u n'""~f"Cu<,, of
'0
th ;, i"'pi""l ,Icc<l i. uot Wc ","o"t "' hieh 10"" haPI'<l1 e,1 this lT~gic
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,[,,,,,., Ihum,,,, ,, 9, Cllio 19.\Ic KG " . 16, ~ . 366-
I" 1.,..,.&. I I<,g, Wo 3-,~', I~ KJv,o:"""", GCS ~ '901. p . \'S~ M. '~.IOI:/:
O. Out.-.n<L ",'" pt8imma;rt ..... It P'!')''''' d' Oti;,f"" _~""'. T""""
1<""", <It I'll;,"''"" ......
R~" 1911>: HGY. 16, P $>11.
I~ oi .!,!Two- 11.11.<3, HGr. 16-, p. 3;0.
IfiJ#oI4 oi .:;.""_ 7\.. ,,:poo: "I'
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(ffi,k 1'" or 11__ 2 .. G.. . .cs
G, p, n, .\1.1~ . 16 1 , ._ Pr,.,,~.u. G ...... '"
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. . I'IUI .. 23, 19,20, .\1.12.;01_ flGl. I~, p_ 107 .
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A ...... '" io (_~, 11', 12: IICP, 15, pp 1~1 3.
lI_iiiM io 1:..0..: 1.0_ GCS 6. p. ,,~; 11.12_297. G, .... VL, GC> p. ~17.
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l'h'. , 21; .\1. 12.:164. I\Cf. 1~, pp. 156 6 ' .
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11_ .. 1.<1_ I 10': 1.... 1. GCS', p. WO; ~t.lH(I), C"", ... of"""'" S.
cc:; 6; p, $32, ~ , 12.' 21H; of....u., 8. cc:; 6. p, 3')f, ~ , 12. ' 93; . . ~"
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........ ~: M . I~.397, IIGr. l~. p. 175.
11_ .. _''''''''' I ~~ ta'.\' W..... ";o<t,,..
~ CCS 7 '1 "'1 1'. I" 3; ." . 1 2,~.
s.!.. ...,......u:)1 12.~;6: IICf', 15. p, 181.
s.!.. .. I~." ;,.., .\l.IVIOj; BeY. 13, 167-91_
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sa.. .. " I~ I U ~ . 'O;3: Hor. 1~, w. ~ ' 3 38(;; '6,11 '57.
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r:cs 3, p. 1. \f.l3.2~; R'W. 11, 11.
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f,........... ........ JIJ ;" :r-;= "cs ~. p. 1%; .\1.1 ~ . ~I I, HGf, j 1. p. 15\.
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I"oru." P. 1"--. It . dr, 1/"';... __ /'1:"'. p..n.. ~o Chmrn...., 16 1911
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d'..,,,,, "",,,,,,,." u <ex",_ I'''';, f"sud<> .\u;... ,ioieD.." ,. 197b.
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II"rik" XXVI. m;k>l o,' J ~ . ndJC_ 1'1""' 1'" londo..n. 1957_
1/_,... A< ~ino, Chrnrion
."' ~ ., . AOOrt, 11_ ..... r.s .,........ p.,,,,

s.:.w.:.. 0.0 ..",.... 29. 195 1.
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<fIlM 0.-1. Th. c...hoIO- U";,,,,,,)' of ,\rome. P" ... W'.trinst<"" 1990.
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''''''' ......, 'n.. _ , "IIM tl<o<.I.
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2001.
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~!oruo of ......~"dn.. , c_ ,;;;. F..o,;..- "' .93.477.

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8<",. Ulrich, o.p. t:~, Du y"",bunb It1. [)>mWu, 1961.
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'--. . ",,a. 200 ..-u,"", ~i'" "".-"""" IQ 1960. l.ondon. 1%0.
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c....,.,. 11.., o.w.: I'" 1# .. .1-.... T, 1' JA South~d, [.000"" , 19B.
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CJo",,,,,,,,, T" ./..., ,I 1'lI~, '" 1~''''- 1""",100. 1962.
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3U3
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Crou.>rl. 11. , 1~ lit I'~ Ot IhI> ""'-: .......' 1'-""" 19:00;,
o::rov-" 10 C ., - , .11. . . .. l\rug<O!V";'" 1')61.
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1l 000nl . ltODOOn. 1960.
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:>"" I'", .. 19ti.l .
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l)ocJd;, ' .. 1'., " - ao/ 0 . . - .... ,lit !I,I."",. C." ,brio!g<, 190\5.
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I"'horn. p;.,IT<. I. -!1'-" .11...... ",I. I. ~1'<' r.n. l~, , '.,j . 2. ""l w, ran, I ~; !
10, W. 1' .;, 191J- 19I".
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, 0 - "'" (14 ~ .. " C""t Tr, P l'a:1io, ",,""""' ..... 1'1<13.
C,.., Rrlwd, "hi I '"," "I' !f'l"". Lon""", 1968.
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, tlt><-, ........ ""
F_'" rw..r_,;' ..
",..-10, I'ffi-" TndIo. I... - ' ' '
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"9- &~. .00 I." " ~b , 1979_
X"" I'or' . 1971.
Ikdin, 1911,
'.oloIo<hrnKk, ,, __ I ~ _ _ ., 1'1... ., " -""" . P.ri ~ 1953.
n.xodrn ..", X,IK>n, 1.. s.w_ " 'VI - - ' C.ml.ridp-. \1 .... , 19:;1 .
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ofGrod ., ....... Id,,,,,,-
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CutO .... W$ ,C., '" .. ~."", Son", C""" ,le! of 0", ".;,;..~ of We .,od ,10<
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1959
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;.;"" I'or' . lWG.

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Loo~. AA, 1 - . .. S/o..u... [""""'"'. 1971
, II,"",~"" fII~ , J,.",.."" 19i1.
'''''..1 Cul ,It"",.,. .. 11;"". Chic.ago. 19~) .
!."t..<. 11,,,'; <1<, 11_" I::tpru: I;~" rtm... ' 0,./> o.,p,. Paris, Ig~,
1.oca.. JK. 1'" F r...
ofl4t Will. OxI<>fd, 1970.
. 1 'r........ S1--'" 'I ..... I.ondoo. 1973.
j,'"l!'", )0;; ........ do-, ~ ...... J''''- C.mbridg. , 1916.
)!' '''''''. 11.1-. s.a.. ,I""" .. " 10 It< .... "'- .. _ . p..m, 19H,
' '''-'''', j .''n. 7... _ " 1/ 1..... toodon. 1%2.
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''''"''"n, .I<oI..'''''''' 1_.1.. I. liJi - ' lo!Iooo. T" A. W ..... 2 ,uIo, London, 19lti-19.1.
I~ ,; U ;.,., O.Z" ll<oI.\ "'" I . ,m 'ry. Lood,,", \ 910.
,~ ... ..;".,., . CH . . 'I ~ 1.00<I00. 1910.
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of ~"" YOlk .. RcoIF.1o, 1971.
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1936_
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SUPPLEI- IE:>.TS 'ID VIGII .JAE C HR ISTlANA!:
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ISUN 90 ().I [.1;284

Origen Cosmology and Ontology of Time Supplements To Vigiliae Christianae Supplements To Vigiliae Christianae

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15S." 09'.

T exts and Studies of

J- den R(wn, 1- "lll O Or!, \V.1... p /'li;r!i("Il,

GOU \,\ I) T !.\ m ....................... .

C hapter Two T H E I'KOV]])E.' IT I,\ 1. C KF..AnO.'<

Chap'u Four ' IIEG ""',[,,G LESS \\"Ok [J)": A ~ n "1"I 1

Chap1<T So,," l'i{UI.O"GATIO" OF T I.\ IE ... .. ....... 272

T I!>IE ANn C,\US-\UTY 310

'11,< 110,iou of prt"-<:xi"<nt <"U'le>

C O:-; CI.U.~ I O;';

lIih/wgraploy .......................... ........................... . ...... .. ....... . :177

rugmc"'. I 112 iJ> L"cam

, H. ""'!I ...." ~;,..... '" -..;., _ '" J. _"'-' I',n" IW ,. """"",,,,01

, 10 m. ]"'-;"] a round m. yr"" 300--500 A.Il. """ITm "Iw ~ kao..n ..

~I"", certainly Orig<n wO> an e",di,~ n"'H , W e 'DO\>. 'h"u~h ,11."

er \\'. W;",I.II""d It It_m, I _I do- G.ridM "' l1oh~, 'ut_ 1,

W. Windt""od 11 . 1!<" """,tII, .,. "'- ,'. 2' 7.

lleg~t i,-e com><:>la ti o" in "",,,b, Creek : in tern" of rn()n.lil)" it mcant

on Jomme <Ut Iwm;"'m, on hi, OIHall di,po';'i!)11 ,",,...an. Origt'"

J am 110"" "" islic:d ,ha' La,in ,ram.!;,,;':'n. ,h""ld he ,'lI(ti",1 ,U'ell

-, Cf_ HQI'. 9 , Po 71), n_ 2,

hpliei' ,ta,e"",n,. .ueh .. ,h;'" a, w,U a. hi. '''e and <'plan",ioD

" ~, 20, XXII; ~ ;0]", - . ; . ; . . 1, 11.

I I~we. ,Io~...m",. f"U",wd il a, a principle ,hat th~ ";""~ <.>fOrigCIJ

Cf. H.\ ",,.u;.,,,, /",..". '. 1'1' 23. ~.

.. 1\,"" IV., '.

No '"'" <.-,,' ,...

~ cm, VI. ~2; ".wo, ",;""-

"..~"' thc " tboT """" ""01,'"

" """17<0'0. I, IX. 1. XIX; 1, .\XXI: 1. XXXIV; 1. XXXIX, 6, XX.Xl'llI;

~ ft )Mo. I; .....~ <runt .

" joIw 1,3.

.,.,1 '" '''''I*J ,"","'>fj- '" rJ ~ ....., ... ,' _1>'., .. ..

".\1 W"""",. 710< ~ '!I ~ Oopoc. 1>. 5. ij,.,.oon. ;o:<~ ""to

" 11_ .. l.ok, 3'1.~ .

" .--y...., 13,Xl.".

.,,"';.niog ~~" ' ''' of )(Og<>i . '"It is ).. '<:."...

'n,;, fund"mon",l c01' r'1~io" of Origen .... , in fart taken ,, ~ hr

~ c.;., 1'1, 6;,

" IW;J ~ c....". . 1/_,.. ;. '"' -- '... PG , 72" ~_

" G...,. 1.2'-

~ 11""""" .. c...m. 1.10,

taken"" a />f'stmtJl im/m"",,1 be ing. Jo w""

i\cromi" g (0 ~.i, p<ffepti",' of ,-,,,, I'n)"irle"ti'~ c ... ~'ion. \\'i><lom i,

.. IJWI, KGl' . ,; . lO.~ . 3;'

.. [)I,. VII. li ~~ ,d",,", tru' ~ to "" "')'iIlg '1"" ""i_

I II portra)i ng r.><! "" C rea'o r ,1"," Origctt mal<> fu rther >1<1'

~ Cf. If>!<, 3. 10.

110...... ,,"' ~ si>!<r of ",-,,,,,!Of 11", t'athcr "''''' owl< iocoopocoain.>lorc,

' III,'); '~ '.\J'(XX ' I ~ ..

0 .".1 '''' ~". ,, ~

',\IXX ' 1 ~ ...

" ,.,,~. 'P'" O ) .....pi "~u!J'!IjQ

i, " '"'' ,b" Logos "'10,, ,,,., iJ, lI' i.dom,

, . _]oh.. " X 'X , U<.>OngJol'" I, ,, ~ "" " ~:;'-' 1, X I X,ji]"', ,I.

COIlc<ming ' he lI",i"" of prWKkll'i"l cJ~atioll, ,he '1 1k"'i,,,,, which

,.. _JoIo., 1. IX.

' . c.;" VI, 3.1.

THE F,\]l. A1,1) C R~~\T IO " OF THE WOR LD

, .-J<h.. 20, ,I.

oIOO~"" 0, " "",I f,x,i,o .. 0; <It; '''''''~'''''''; ~PXiJ8<>"""''' '~I'"

T he umion implie<i in thi, I"""'!,'" i! ,ha, 'he world i! a prod uc, of

lit',. i, t.h~n th < " '4"" " ror heing an"""",