: :

: (

.1
/ . (Doniger 1999, 56) : ) 2008
.(20-15
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. : ) .(20-15 2008
.:
).(Doniger 1999, 56
.3 Ibid .
.4
" "b "" .
" "c ""
.
: )(Doniger 1999, 56
: ) (20-15 2008
:
: (Doniger 1999b, 58) :

1
 : ) : 2008(22
.5
:

: (W. Doniger 1999, 56).

: ) . .(20-15 2008

: (

.1
.
.2
.
.3 .
.4 :
.
.5
--
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.6
b .
" "c
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.7 :

2
 - / : (

.1

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)(Doniger 1999, 65

Doniger, Wendy. 1999. Splitting the difference.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

-1-1

) (20-15 2008

.2008 . . : .

-2-1 :

)(Lattimore 1951, 9192

Lattimore, Richmond, trans. 1951. The Iliad of Homer.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

- -2-1

) (75-57 2008

3
 .2008 . .:

-3-1

)(Cowlishaw and Dunbar 2000, 1047

Cowlishaw, Guy, and Robin Dunbar. 2000. Primate

conservation biology. Chicago: University of Chicago

Press.

-3-1

) .(147-145 2008

.2008 . .:

-4-1 :

)(Laumann et al. 1994, 262

Laumann, Edward O., John H. Gagnon, Robert T.

Michael, and Stuart Michaels. 1994. The social

organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the
United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

-4-1

4
 ) (15 2003

.2003 .

. : .

.2 :

1-2

)(Wiese 2006, 1012

Wiese, Andrew. 2006. The house I live in: Race,

class, and African American suburban dreams in the

postwar United States. In The new suburban history,
ed. Kevin M. Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue, 99119.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

2-2

) .(82 2008

.2008 . "" . :

.101-79 : .

.3

1-3

)(Smith 1998, 639

5
Smith, John Maynard. 1998. The origin of altruism.
Nature 393: 63940.

2-3

(32 2005 )

. .2005 .

.50-31 :( )63 16

.4

1-4

(Hlatky et al. 2002)

Hlatky, Mark A., Derek Boothroyd, Eric Vittinghoff,

Penny Sharp, and Mary A. Whooley. 2002. Quality-of-

life and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal
women after receiving hormone therapy: Results from
the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study
(HERS) trial. Journal of the American Medical
Association 287, no. 5 (February 6), http://jama.ama-
assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull/joc10108.html#aainfo
(accessed January 7, 2004).

2-4

(2006 )

6
 .2006 .

. ) 21 /(

http://www.oppc.pna.net/mag/mag21/new_page_16.htm

) (2008 18

: / :
: (

.1 footnotes

.
.2 .
.

.:
:
Wendy Doniger, Splitting the Difference (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1999), 65.
: ) :
.20-15 (2005
.3
/
.:

7
 Doniger, splitting, 66. :
: .22
.4
) Ibid (
.
.:
Ibid, 67. :
: .25
.5
) Ibid (
.
.:
Ibid. :
: .

: (

.1
.
.2
.
.3 .
.4 :
.

8
 .5
--
.- .
.6 :
- / : (

.1

-1-1

1. Wendy Doniger, Splitting the Difference

(Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1999), 65.

15. Doniger, splitting, 66.

16. Ibid, 67.

) (

17. Ibid.

) (

Doniger, Wendy. Splitting the Difference.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

-1-1

9
 .2 ) :

.20-15 (2005

.18 .22

.19 .25

) (

.20 .

) (

. . :

.2005

-2-1 - :

trans.: 3. Richmond Lattimore, trans., The Iliad of

translator, Homer (Chicago: University of Chicago
ed.: editor Press, 1951), 9192.

21. Latimore, The Iliad, 94.

22. Ibid, 95.

10
 ) (

23. Ibid.

) (

Lattimore, Richmond, trans. The Iliad of

Homer. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1951.

- -2-1

.4

) : .75-57 (2008

.24 .76

.25 .77

) (

.26 .

) (

. .

: .2008

11
 -3-1

5. Guy Cowlishaw and Robin Dunbar,

Primate Conservation Biology (Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2000), 1047.

27. Cowlishaw and Dunbar, Primate

Conservation, 108.

28. Ibid, 109.

) (

29. Ibid.

) (

Cowlishaw, Guy, and Robin Dunbar. Primate

Conservation Biology. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 2000.

-3-1

.6

) : .147-145 (2008

.30 .148

12


.31 .149

) (

.32 .

) (

. .

: .2008

-4-1 :

7. Edward O. Laumann et al., The Social

Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices
in the United States (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1994), 262.

33. Laumann et al., The Social Organization,

263.

34. Ibid, 264.

) (

35. Ibid.

) (

13
Laumann, Edward O., John H. Gagnon,
Robert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels. The
Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual
Practices in the United States. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1994.

-4-1

.8 ):

.15 (2003

.36 .16

.37 .17

) (

.38 .

) (

. . :

.2003

.2 :

14
 1-2

9. Andrew Wiese, The House I Live In:

Race, Class, and African American Suburban
Dreams in the Postwar United States, in
The New Suburban History, ed. Kevin M.
Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue (Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2006), 1012.

39. Wiese, The House, 103.

40. Ibid, 104.

()

41. Ibid.

()

Wiese, Andrew. The House I Live In: Race,

Class, and African American Suburban
Dreams in the Postwar United States. In
The New Suburban History, edited by Kevin
M. Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue, 99119.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

2-2

" " " " .10

15
 ) :

.82 (2008

.42" .83 "

.43 .84

) (

.44 .

) (

1
F0 " . "" ".:

.101-79 2 :
F1

.2008

.3

1-3

11. John Maynard Smith, The Origin of

Altruism, Nature 393 (1998): 639.

1 ) (In
.
"". 2

16
45. Smith, The Origin, 640.

46. Ibid, 639.

) (

47. Ibid.

) (

Smith, John Maynard. The Origin of

Altruism. Nature 393 (1998): 63940.

2-3

.12 "

" 16 .32 :(2005) 63

.48" .33 "

.49 .34

) (

.50 .

17
 ) (

" . ".

16 ) 63 .50-31 :(2005

.4

1-4

13. Mark A. Hlatky et al., "Quality-of-Life

and Depressive Symptoms in
Postmenopausal Women after Receiving
Hormone Therapy: Results from the Heart
and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study
(HERS) Trial," Journal of the American
Medical Association 287, no. 5 (2002),
http://jama.ama-
assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull/joc10108.html
#aainfo.

51. Hlatky et al., Quality-of-Life.

52. Ibid.

) (

53. Ibid.

18
 ()

Hlatky, Mark A., Derek Boothroyd, Eric

Vittinghoff, Penny Sharp, and Mary A.
Whooley. "Quality-of-Life and Depressive
Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women after
Receiving Hormone Therapy: Results from
the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin
Replacement Study (HERS) Trial." Journal of
the American Medical Association 287, no. 5
(February 6, 2002), http://jama.ama-
assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull/joc10108.html
#aainfo.

2-4

" .14

/ )21 "

(2006

http://www.oppc.pna.net/mag/mag21/new_page_16.h
tm

". " .54

. .55

()

19
 .56 .

) (

" .

". ) 21 /

(2006

http://www.oppc.pna.net/mag/mag21/new_page_16.h
tm

. 2982939: reshnaiwer@birzeit.edu :

20