STRUCTURAL FORMULAS For recent exams, candidates were advised that an Information Manual, containing all necessary reference data, would be provided at the exam, However comforting that might sound, it did not always work out that way; sometimes, necessary formulas were missing from the Manual, or sometimes they were included, but were difficult to locate quickly. For these reasons, we think it's advisable for candidates to memorize a few basic structural formulas, such as those shown below. 1. Unit Axial Stress £ = P/A, where £ = unit axial stress P = total axial load A = cross-sectional area 2. Deformation under Axial Load Ax PL/AE, where deformation axial load length cross-sectional area B= modulus of elasticity (see the answers to Questions 4 ané 67) 3. Thermal Expansion or Contraction A= nt At, where 4 = thermal expansion or con- traction n = coefficient of thermal ex- pansion L = length t= change of temperature (See the answer to Question 21) Architectural License Seminars 4, Maximum Moment for Simple Beam with Uniformly Distributed Load M = wi2/8, where M = maximum moment w = uniform load per foot 1 = span length (See the answer to Question 53) 5. Maximum Moment for Simple Beam with Concentrated Load at Center of Span M = Pl/4, where M = maximum moment P = concentrated load 1 = span length (See the answer to Question 5) 6. Required Section Modulus S = N/Pp, where S = required section modulus M = maximum moment Fp= allowable flexural stress (See the answers to Questions 5 and 44) Maximum Flexural Stress f= M/S, where fp= maximum flexural stress M-= maximum moment S = section modulus (Note that this is a different way of expressing Formula 6.) 8. Required Area for Wood Beams A = 3V/28y, where A= required cross-sectional area V = maximum vertical shear Fy= allowable horizontal shear stress (See the answer to Question 44) 1079. Moment of Inertia of Rectangular 13. Trigonometric Formas Cross-Section About Its Neutral Axis I = ba3/12, where B a I = moment of inertia b = width of section ae) 4 = depth of section » ‘ sin @ = a/c sin 45° 10. Section Modulus ee Blue coe a5" S = t/e, where tanQ= a/b tan 45° $ = section modulus in 30° tn 60° £m ef ance oie ene ee © = distance from outer fiber ‘ to neutral axis 12, wind Pressure p = CeCqast, where p = design wind pressure coefficient from UBC Table 23-6 coefficient from UBC Table 23-4 wind stagnation pressure from UBC Table 23-F importance factor from UBC Section 2311 (h) (See the answers to Questions 101 and 149) I 12, Seismic Base Shear zIc v= ROM, where V = seismic base shear 2 = seismic zone factor I = importance factor from UBC Table 23-1 Ry = coefficient from TRC Table 23-0 © = coefficient from UBC Section 2312(e) W = total dead load (See the answer to Question 104.) 708 Architectural License Seminars tan 30° = 0.577 0.707 = 0,707 = 1.0 0.866 0.500 tan 60° = 1.732