Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Concluding Keywords 3
TALES OF THREE CITIES (ARC 61003) Comparing Colonialism with Kuala Lumpur 12
Assignment 2: Mapping the Townscape Connecting Keywords with Jalan Tun H.S. Lee 14
CONCLUDING KEYWORDS
the colonial era which put their name on the global Harmonious Streetscape
COLONIAL
be observed if we transport ourselves back in time time presented by a series of facades that deliver its
to that era in order to conduct a more accurate cultural diversity. However, even though the styles
analysis. may vary, they still conform to the basic design
MALACCA AND The urban configuration for both towns were
of a shophouse. Thus, creating a harmonious
streetscape.
Surprising Hierarchy
During the colonial time the streets are arranged
in hierarchy order based on the social and job of
the people.This gives uniqueness and different
characteristics to each streets according to their
linear typology which evokes surprises when
experiencing the different culture and activities
across the streets.
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Organic Diffusal
The predominant area of St. Pauls Civic Zone Inter-generational interaction
sprawls and diffuses into the linear yet organic The road is narrow in Melaka, so that the car would
grid of the city. Suggesting the natural growth of drive carefully, hence the road is safe for children
population throughout the transition of a fishing to play around, for elderly to walked safely, for
Figure 1.3(Top): Disordered Linearity.
village to the city in the colonial period. tourist to enjoy travel in Melaka. People walking on
the streets can experience the interaction beyond
Figure 1.4(Bottom): Recurring Nodes.
generation, create sense of a togetherness.
Adaptive Facades
In a short period of times,Malacca had been
authorized by different host,each of them has its Distinctive Values
own character and identity & influence Malacca The buildings reflect a mixture of influences
into multi cultural heritage, make a impressing which have created a uniqueness in architecture,
conversion and gave a huge impact to Malacca. culture and townscape without parallel anywhere
in Southeast Asia. In particular, the range of
shophouses and townhouses are exceptional in
the inherent qualities from the layering of stages
of development of each building type, originating
from the Dutch or Portuguese periods.
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OF KUALA
to a set of rules that still defines themselves as Jalan Kuching. The town of Kuala Lumpur and
shophouses. This makes for a peculiar variety of later the city were then spreaded outward from
a single type of building adapting across time. this center. In the present day, the city center at
Jalan Tokong, as the name suggests, has an
interesting transition where it opens from a narrow
LUMPUR Merdeka Square is the core of Kuala Lumpur history.
Some historical colonial buildings such as the
streetscape to the temple area where people Sultan Abdul Samad Building, the Royal Selangor
congregate. On a larger scale, there is a hierarchy Club and the Old Kuala Lumpur Railway Station
between the streets parallel to each other, showing were excellent examples of British architectural
a segregation between the social class. sensibilities peppered with Moorish spice.
Jalan Tun H.S. Lee is one of the historical street
Throughout our entire study on the town, it is in Kuala Lumpur. It is was originally called High
realised that Georgetown is also no stranger to the Street and then it was also later known as Jalan
effects of colonial dominance such as the racial Bandar. The street was named after Colonel Tun
segregation and the Western hierarchy influence Sir Henry Lee Hau Shik, who was Malaysias first
on the urban configuration and facades. It was the Finance Minister. Jalan Tun H.S. Lee is a long
primary stepping stone for the East India Company street that begins from Jalan Gereja to Jalan Syed
before colonizing the entire state of Penang. Most Putra near Wisma Tun Sambathan in Brickfields.
of its imprints are still visible in todays urbanscape The street has seven main intersections which
and has influenced generations of culture and run across Jalan Tun Perak, Jalan Tun Tan Siew
growth. Sin, Jalan Hang Lekiu, Leboh Pudu, Jalan Tun Tan
Cheng Lock, Jalan Hang Lekir and Jalan Sultan.
As Jalan Tun H.S. Lee was crucial to the formation There are about 200 shophouses located along
of what the Kuala Lumpur city centre is today, it Jalan Tun H.S. Lee, some of the shophouses
also shows the local communitys resilience in were build during colonial times and are reused
adapting to colonization throughout the decades. for cafes and guest houses while others are
Ever since the colonial times, many have changed gutted, sealed and left to rot during present day.
in the linear street with new high rises popping up Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia is a The main attractions of Jalan Tun H.S. Lee are the
in the centre and new community groups moving modern city with many contemporary high rise three religious buildings of Sri Maha Mariamman
in to replace old ones. Through our in-depth study buildings and world class hotels, shopping malls Temple built in 1873, the Sin Sze Si Ya Temple built
on Malacca and Georgetown, we will be able to and also local and international cuisine. Kuala in 1864 and the Guan Di Temple which later built in
observe the effects of British colonization in Kuala Lumpur has many points of attractions such 1887. Most people would come to Jalan H.S. Lee
Lumpur and understand the comparison of the as the KL tower, the Petronas Twin Tower, Lake for affordable bouquets that had been the hub of
past and present urbanscape. Garden and also Chinatown which is located traditional florists for decades and many of these
along Petaling street at the sourth part of the city. florists businesses are still run by the same families
The city of Kuala Lumpur started during 1857 as that founded them decades ago.
a small mining boom town caused by hunger of
the Industrial Revolution for raw materials. tin was
found in Kuala Lumpur nearby the Klang River
Valley and were mainly mined. The town of Kuala
Lumpur during that time grew under the business
interest of three officials which was a Malay ruler, a
British resident and a Chinese headman.
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Figure 2.2:
Land use map
surrounding Jalan
Tun H.S. Lee.
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Figure 2.3 (Left): The Old Georgetown was one of the first colonized Colonialism of Kuala Lumpur begins with the
Fort Gateway, Malacca. region by the British and it was established as a exploitation of tin extraction industry by Raja
Local children posing transshipment port by Francis Light of the British Abdullah, which started the settlements along the
before the Porta de East India Company. Together with Malacca, Klang Valley. It soon grew into a mining town of
Santiago. From a postcard George Town was governed under the Strait gambling dens and brothels as well as infamous
circa 1910-1920. Settlement which became a British Crown Colony Chinese clans. Rivalry and civil war between the
in 1867. It was all began with the trade relations interest parties were soon erupted, leading to the
Figure 2.4 (Right): in the Malay Peninsula, Francis Light from the chaos and wars. These caused the involvement of
Malacca River 1907, British East India Company offered the British British by appointing Kapitan Yap Ah Loy, the third
Church of St. Francis military protection while Sultan of Kedah offered leader of Chinese Community to restore peace into
Xavier in the background. the Penang Island. It was then informed that, this the mining town. After the death of Kapitan Yap, Sir
great offer benefits the British and Penang would Frank Swettenham was appointed as the Resident
be a convenient magazine for trade. in 1885 along with the completion of railway roads
connecting the town to port Klang, presenting the
official colonial era of British in Kuala Lumpur.
The colonial era of Malacca started off with the Johor, who was once the Sultan of Malacca. After Figure 2.8:
Portuguese in 1511. The intention was to conquer the conquest, fine public buildings and churches Faded essence
the spice trades along Straits of Malacca as well were built, which remain the most solid facts of of colonialism
as to control over the main Asiatic trade routes European presents. The Dutch has also set up in Jalan Tun
due to the strategic location of Malacca port. The a government in Malacca, as it was important H.S. Lee, Kuala
fortress A Famosa was built after the conquest for the VOC strategies due to its location in the Lumpur.
and missionari es strove to implant Catholicism main trading route to the Far East and formidable
in Malacca. But instead of dominating the Asian strategic outpost. It was the period where Malacca
trade, the organization of network was disrupted, became the center for peninsular trade again.
as they could not force Muslims merchants
from Arabia and India to continue their trading
business there, causing the growth of other ports Figure 2.7: First railroad station built in 1886 and the main
to overshadow Malacca. The period of Portuguese terminal building built in 1914.
strength in Malacca was short lived as the Dutch
soon attacked it in 1641 with the help of Sultan of
Melaka and George Town are two of the historic On the other hand, heritage site and the colonial
colonial towns on the Straits of Malacca that buildings are in sad state of disrepair under govern
demonstrates the accession of cultural and of Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur. Responsibility
historical influences arising from the former is on the building owners to ensure their properties
function as trading ports linking the East and are in good state. But this promises are seem to
the West. Under the World Heritage List and be faded. Without the actions taken by the local
the protection and preservation by UNESCO, authority or the National Heritage Commissioner,
Figure 2.5 (Left): The Port of Penang at Weld Quay in the
both cities and complete surviving historic city heritage values of Kuala Lumpur will slowly
1910s.
centres of Straits of Malacca with a multi-cultural declining.
heritage starting from the trading business from
Figure 2.6 (Top): Original Kuala Lumpur railway station
Great Britain through the Middle East, the India
before it was placed.
subcontinent and the Malay Archipelago to China.
Both cultural townscapes manifest an adequate
state of conservation although efforts are required
to preserve the colonial buildings and shop houses.
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CATEGORIZATION OF PATTERNS
IN JALAN H.S. LEE
DEMOGRAPHICS
PART 3:
COLLAGE CITY
VIBRANT TOWNSCAPE
VIBRANT TOWNSCAPE DISORDERED LINEARITY because the homes to people from the lower class.
DIVERSIFIED TYPOLOGIES shiphouses along the Jalan Tun H.S. Lee. The REOCCURING NODES + ENGAGEMENT Georgetown
street does intersecting another street created a PATTERNS The nodes along the axial of Pitt streets encourage
Georgetown triangle space as a park for social gathering. movement of users. Pedestrian walkway and
The typologies are organized and eccentric. A Malacca usable spaces are built in front of private buildings
clear linear form arrangement forming a box within On Jalan Tokong/Emas/Besi, religious buildings within the primary road to allow for activities and
gridline and facing outward with private in the stands out as public nodes since colonial periods. creating landscapes.
center of the box whereas another side of George Their perimeter defines the public and private
Town causes randomly and loose by failure of realms along the street. Occasions are not needed Jalan H.S. Lee
agriculture used to develop. Due to the loose grid to gather people in these places, as they became The nodes along the Jalan H.S. Lee streets created
formation, the buildings becomes more identical a part of the community, its the sense of belonging a point to point movement where it comes out with
and significant, shows a point form where it comes it offers to the people. The significance of these different communities from northern to southern.
out with different setbacks , experiences and scale. built forms exhibits the identity of this stretch of The community started from retailed shops ,
the road. office buildings, tourist spots and administration
Jalan H.S. Lee buildings.
A clear and continuous linear arrangement of
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DOMINANCE OF POWER
ADAPTING TO CONTROL + DISTINCTIVE Georgetown to public transportation like LRT and bus, as the
VALUES Length of shop houses are longer than its width convenience of accessing to public transport and
to avoid extra taxation and land cost set by the from public transport to certain destination have
Malacca government in Georgetown. been highly improved becase of the shift of power
The incredibly diverse mix of different political, which focuses to functionality.
religious and culture influences reflects through
the architectural style and urban form is unique Jalan H.S. Lee
and unparalleled in Southeast Asia. From the As transportation, human needs and experiences
shophouses itself, has exceptional inherent is more important in a high density city, the power
qualities from the layering of Dutch and Portuguese of planning has been shifted from the governments
colonial influences. Exhibiting values distinctive plan to functionality. The public buildings and
solely to Malacca. commercial area was built near the transportation
hub to allow easier access to public buildings and
entertainments. The main method of travelling has
also been shifted from walking and private vehicular
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REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTIONS
Georgetown Georgetown
The facades are the outcome of preserving of The faade ornamentations depict the influence/
heritage shown by our ancestors. Each of them affluence and also the economic disparities
have their own identity & character that adapt & between the owners. Also, the ornamentations
convert into local influences based on the functions. represent the owners level of wealth and status in
the community at the time
Jalan H.S. Lee
As an effect of gentrification, the shop facades Jalan H.S. Lee
were refurbished or renovated. The faade have The purpose of preserving the ornamentations is to
influence by local character, therefore the facade indicate function and status of the building, where
might varies to perform different function. Some they were separated into religious, commercial
become large and welcoming to attract tourists and and residential buildings.
locals to fulfil the commercializing requirements.
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CONNECTIVITY
FRAMES OF DIRECTIONAL QUALITY creates continuity in the area, as the framed view URBAN LINKAGE Jalan H.S. Lee
turns out to be checkpoints leading to the end of This street is interconnected with nodes such as:
Georgetown the street, or to the street from the linkages. Malacca Central Market Pasar Seni, Petaling Street and
Unorganized urban grain and diversity of road Urban linkage are the infrastructures supporting religious buildings by the side lane and small alleys.
width at the west side blurring sense of direction. flows from, to and between nodes. The lowest The verandah ways are also preserved. There is
Organized grid pattern at the east side allows level of linkage includes streets. In Malacca, a landscaped public meeting area built for better
street view to be framed from one end to another. the streets are planned in a way to improve the experiences and also reduced the congestions at
movement of both pedestrian and vehicular. The this busy road. Besides that, there are bus stations
easy access for human and vehicular will support and LRT stations built around this area and further
Jalan H.S. Lee and improve the urban usage. The small alleys also improved the possibility of economic and social
Linear form of Jalan Tun H.S.Lee Creates a long joined the nodes of Jonker Street and Harmonious interactions along the streets. The linkages also
street alongside with series of shophouses, which Street together, at the same time it generates an improved the urban usage of the whole town. The
frames the views at the end of the street or turning economic and social engagement between locals visual qualities also keep changing when you
point. The framed view on the street helps creating and tourists. make a turn from one lane to another. So there is
better directional quality and continuity which no fixed here-ness and there-ness along the street.
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WISHES
moral values and lessons can be extracted through
the self-experience in this well preserved heritage
site. Not just the colonialism characteristics that is
preserved, the sense of welcoming and community
of the heritage site are kept in every buildings.
- Tan Jo Lynn
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Among the three cities, I favour Kuala Lumpur Among the three cities, I like Malacca the most
the most because of the vibrant streetscapes and and it is because compare to Penang and Kuala
the diversity of human activities in this city. This Lumpur, Malacca has a more multi-cultural society
city seems to be a harmonious combination of the and most of the historical elements are well
characteristics from the other two cities. Unlike the preserved until nowadays. In Penang, people are
zoning typologies of different building functions zoned into different settlement. In Kuala Lumpur,
in Georgetown, Kuala Lumpur is a successor to the buildings or the streets identities are remolded
combine different cultures and practices together. into a totally different way because of the desire of
Visiting this city allows you to experience multiple locals in commercial events or business purposes.
culture and human activities all at once.
- Jacky Ting
- Eddie Goh
With globalization spreading like wildfire in almost In my opinion, I would prefer Kuala Lumpur
every major city, its illustrious histories are slowly because Kuala Lumpur has its different promising
being wiped away and forgotten. But Malacca is not landmarks for tourist attraction and at the same
that city. It may have its large developments but it is time it provide interests to local alike. For example,
not at the expense of heritage-value shophouses the modern designs of buildings co-exist with older
and its urbanscape. The priceless shophouses traditional architecture that bring out sensibility to
and colonial buildings are well preserved as a large the urbanscape. Another point is the movement
scale museum for generations to come. Malacca pattern of this city , the public transport system is
is something we all need a little bit more in this well-planned to proritize users and it does create a
ever-growing world. environment-friendly city. It is very convenient for
exploring around the city. Lastly, the mix forms of
- James Wong the architecture has beautify and turn it into a very
artistic city.
If it comes down to a single city to be favored, it has I would prefer Malacca, Georgetown and Kuala
to be Malacca. The reason would be that Malacca Lumpur is the city of Malacca. I felt that the city
is the origin of all colonial cities in Malayan ground. of Malacca fill with historical significance which
Its shifts of colonial superpowers during the 16th had mainly influence the culture and ways of living
century, heavily influencing the urban fabric of the of the local people in Malacca. The culture and
once fishing village to a blooming colonial city. history of Malacca had also bring many influences
Inducing vibrant mix of culture and built forms, to the architectural styles of Malacca and it gives a
creating a townscape of harmonious mixes. With very unique characteristics and values to Malacca
the addition of pedestrian scale in Malacca, which have to be preserved so that its stories were
advocates tremendous human circulation rather never be forgotten.
than vehicular. Shaping the form and content of
this renowned UNESCOs heritage site, in which - Lai Tzexiuan
today, we Malaysian proudly speak of.
The city I would like the most is the Malacca city I would choose Malacca because the historical still
where it shows multi-ethnic community that lived in remain from very past to now and it looks perfectly.
harmony. Especially the Harmony Street consists Malacca preserve their historical elements well
of 6 places of worship which has created many and all of it are still on the spot. Malacca left
public spaces for community to gather around many historical from such as Portuguese, British
and celebrate. They still preserve this welcoming and so on. This tell us Malacca has a very well
culture towards people nowadays, embracing their management of city planning , economics and
cultural heritage and historic buildings into their culture. Compare to Kuala Lumpur , Kuala Lumpur
own identity.Compare this to Kuala Lumpur city, the buildings are due to its aesthetic , but mostly are
sense of harmony in the community has already lost its own function and identity.
faded and the shophouses buildings there have
been taken by non-local residents for commercial - Lucas Ong Tun Cheik
usage.