Vocabulary Revision

Fill in the gaps with one of the words in the text previously studied in a suitable form
The main instruments are the violin, the cello, the viola and the bass.
The main instruments are the trumpet, the horn, the trombone and the
tuba. The main .. instruments are the flute, the clarinet, the saxophone
and the oboe. The shop bell .. loudly. She was obviously . by
his question. If you can wait a moment, Ill . it all out for you. The journey soon
became They out on the last stage of their journey.
He has a .. against the world. The .. factories loomed in
the distance. She seemed terribly impressed with the . story of the little
orphan and her lost dog. He took her arm and her towards the door. She
was totally .. by his sudden change of mood. The animal
about in pain. Nothing ever seems to Susan. The cupboards need
out. A whale was .. the water with its tail. He never
gets even under pressure. I dont hold any .. against
you. A light breeze . the surface of the lake. His complete lack of interest
in money . his family. They succeeded in what they set .. to
do. I bear him no grudge, although he did devise a . plan to take over my
business. If youre going to the bus station, can you .. out the tickets for
tomorrow? Someone was. around in the water, obviously in trouble.

Whos fighting whom in Syria?

By Olga Khazan October 18, 2012
Syrian President Bashar al-Assad is struggling to maintain power as many of the country's
Sunnis have joined the rebellion and even as some members of his own Alawite sect are
turning against him, as the Washington Post's Liz Sly reported.
How many religious sects are there in Syria, and what do they all want?
The Alawites (12 percent of Syria's population)

The Assad family and the Syrian security forces are Alawite. Alawites identify as Shiite
Muslims, but their religion includes aspects of Zoroastrian, ancient pagan, Christian and other
beliefs. They believe in the divinity of Ali, the son-in-law of the prophet Muhammad.

The French administered Syria after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th
century and even created a short-lived Alawite "state" in 1922 which was separate from
Syria until 1942.
After World War I, French colonial officials recruited ethnic minorities to fill government
positions, and Alawites began to fill up the military's upper ranks. The Alawite air force
officer Hafez Assad, Bashar al-Assad's father, staged a coup in 1970, and the Alawites have
been in power since.
The Sunnis (about 60 percent)

Sunni Muslims form the majority in Syria. In Syria and Lebanon, they tend to support the
rebels and oppose the Assad regime, and Syrian Sunnis have been subject to ethnic
cleansing at the hands of the Alawite minority in recent months. While Alawi officers
dominate the military leadership, the majority of troops are Sunni, according to the State
Department.
Sunni Muslims have been gaining ground elsewhere in the region, as well -- the Arab
Spring brought the Muslim Brotherhood to power in Egypt and Tunisia.
Greek Orthodox Christian (9 percent)

Syria's Orthodox Christians have so far shown support for keeping the Assad regime in place,
if only because they fear the alternative.

"Many here fear revenge attacks against minorities, who helped buttress four decades of
repressive rule by the Assad family, and the emergence of what they describe as a new
dictatorship by the Sunni Muslim majority," the LA Times reported.
The Orthodox patriarch in Syria, Ignatius IV Hazim, has said he supports the Assad regime
and opposes any intervention in the country, saying it would be harmful to both Christians
and Muslims.
Kurd-Sunni (9 percent)

The Kurds say they want an end to Assad's regime, but they also fear that a potential future
Sunni government might enact extremist policies.
There has been little cooperation between the armed Kurdish groups in the north and the Free
Syrian Army, and their relationship seems to be one of mutual distrust, according to a recent
report by the Washington Post's Babak Dehghanpisheh. But Kurdish fighters recently
launched military action against Assad's forces, a move that rattled both Turkey and the Free
Syrian Army.
The Kurds have also used the ongoing unrest as an opportunity to take control of at least
four major cities in Syria.
Armenian-Christian (4 percent)

Much like the Orthodox Christians, Syria's 80,000 Armenians have generally supported
Assad's government because of the relative stability it provided.

"It is natural that the majority of Armenians would support Bashar al-Assad, since they led
safe and prosperous lives under his leadership, ethnic rights were fully protected, they have
schools and churches," Arax Pashamyan, a specialist in Arab studies at the National
Academy of Sciences of Armenia, told Armenia Now.
Armenians in Syria are less integrated than other groups and tend to avoid involvement in
politics, according to Minority Rights Group International. They've taken a mostly neutral
stance during the uprising.
The Druze (3 percent)

The Druze, who are ethnic Arabs, incorporate aspects of Islam, Judaism and Christianity into
their belief system.

Like Syria's other religious minorities, they fear being disavowed in the event of a Sunni
resurgence.

Many Druze live in Golan Heights, a territory on the Israel-Syria border annexed by Israel in
1967, and many believe the region will one day be returned to Syria. Because of that, many
are careful about their criticisms of both the Assad regime and of
Israel, which provides Druze communities there with generous welfare benefits.

I. Vocabulary

1. Find words/expressions in the text that mean the following

1. = the principal or dominant course, tendency or trend

2. /ku/ = a sudden and decisive change of government illegally or
by force
3. to .. = to organize a change of government
4.. = US department for International Relations
5. to . = to become more influential
6. a . = a form of government
7. to = to support
8. . = acting to control, suppress, or restrain
9. = appearance of something new
10. = a bishop with authority over other bishops
11. .. = detrimental, causing injury
12. to = to make into law/to play out
13. a . = a plan of action adopted or pursued by the government
14. to . = to initiate
15. to = to disconcert; make frightened or anxious
16. = currently in progress
17.. = a troubled or rebellious state of discontent
18 = attitude or position
19.. = rebellion
20. to .. = to deny knowledge of, connection with, or responsibility
21.. = a situation continuing after interruption; a renewal
22 = a range of hills in the Middle East, possession of which is
disputed between Israel and Syria
23. to .. = to attach
24.. = public aids
2. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word from the text:
Sterling continues to .. against the dollar. His radical views place
him outside the American politics. There is growing
in the south of the country. Many household products are potentially
.. What is the newspapers . on the war? Our tax
.. is one of the most favourable in Europe. His government introduced the
first , such as pensions for old people. The police
investigation is The sharp increase in crime seems to
.. the argument for more police officers on the street.
Germany Austria in 1938. People in this country are tired of this
regime and want it to be ousted. He was clearly .
by the question. This legislation should be . by parliament soon. Every
time a bus went past, the windows The government used the army to crush
the .. He could not .. his actions, and so he had
to repudiate truth, goodness, and all humanity. A of interest in the
artists work has resulted in his paintings being sold at higher prices.

II. Translate the text into Romanian.

III. Translate the following text into English
Inainte de a ajunge in sufragerie, Sanda il opri, apucandu-i bratul. Era cel dintai gest familiar
pe care il facea in aceste trei zile de cand se aflau impreuna la Z.
- Stii ca a mai venit un profesor?
Egor ii privi ochii prin semiintunericul odaii. Slipeau. Poate ma incurajeaza, isi spune el, si
se apropie, incercand sa-i prinda mijlocul. Dar fata se smuci si, din cativa pasi, deschise usa
sufrageriei. Egor isi corecta tinuta si ramase in prag. Ardea aceeasi lampa cu sita alba,
orbitoare; o lumina prea tare, articifiala, stridenta. Zambetul dnei Moscu parea acum mai
obosit. (Zambetul pe care Egor se obisnuise sa-l ghiceasca inainte chiar de a-I vedea fata)
- ...Acesta este dl Egor Paschievici, il prezenta solemn dna Moscu, intinzand moale bratul
spre usa. Are un nume ciudat, adauga ea, dar e roman pe de-a-ntregul.E pictor si ne face
cinstea de a locui cu noi
Egor se inclina, incercand sa spuna cateva cuvinte magulitoare. Dna Moscu isi retrase bratul
si-l indrepta, cu mai multa emotie, spre noul-venit. Avea atat de rar prilejul sa faca prezentari
bogate, solemne.
- Domnul profesor universitar Nazarie, o glorie a stiintei romanesti, continua ea.
Egor se indrepta cu pas hotarat catre profesor si ii apuca mana.
- Sunt numai un neinsemnat asistent, stimata doamna, sopti dl Nazarie, incercand sa-I mai
retina o clipa privirile. Atat de neinsemnat
Dar dna Moscu se asezase extenuata pe scaun. Profesorul ramase uluit langa ea, cu fraza
nesfarsita. Ii era teama sa se intoarca spre ceilalti; teama, nu cumva sa para ridicol sau
ofensat. Cateva clipe nu stiu ce sa faca. Dar se hotari si se aseza pe scaunul din stanga dnei
Moscu.
- Scaunul acesta e ocupat, ii sopti Simina. Eu mananc intotdeauna langa mama.
Dl Nazarie se ridica bruscsi se lipi de perete. Egor si Sanda se apropiara de el, zambind
incurcati. Nu trebuie sa tina seama de glumele Siminei. E o fetita capricioasa. Si, de altfel,
asta e cea mai mare bucurie a ei: sa stea langa maica-sa, chiar cand sunt musafiri.
- Are numai noua ani, adauga Sanda.
Dna Moscu ii privise tot timpul zambind, parca s-ar fi rugat sa fie iertata ca nu ia parte la
discutie. Banuieste cat de interesanta poate fi o asemenea discutie. Banuieste cat de
interesanta, savanta, instructive, dar e prea obosita ca s-o urmareasca. Dna Moscu, fireste, nu
auzise nici un cuvant; sunetele trecusera alaturi de urechile ei, fara rezistente, fara urme.
Egor il conduse pe dl Nazarie spre capatul mesei, indicandu-I un scaun alaturi de Sanda. ce
stranie si neinteleasa oboseala, gandi pictorul privind inca o data fata dnei Moscu.
- Nu stiu cum sa va multumesc, ingana profesorul asezandu-se. Imi dau seama ca am jignit un
copil. Si este un copil ca un inger (M. Eliade, Domnisoara Christina)