ROMANIA

MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, CONSTRUCTIONS

AND TOURISM
THE NATIONAL COMPANY OF MOTORWAYS AND
NATIONAL ROADS OF ROMANIA

GENERAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR

ROAD AND MOTORWAY CONSTRUCTION WORKS

SURFACE WATER OUTFALL

AND DRAINAGE WORKS

IPTANA-SA

APRIL 2004
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GENERAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

SURFACE WATER OUTFALL

AND DRAINAGE WORKS

CONTENTS

page

GENERAL 6

ART.1. SCOPE OF APPLICATION 6

ART.2. GENERAL PROVISIONS 6

PART I - TYPE AND QUALITY OF MATERIALS 7

CPT. I. GROUT AND CONCRETE MATERIALS

7

ART.3. CEMENT 7
ART.4. AGREGATES 10
ART.5. WATER 13
ART.6. CONCRETE STEEL 14

CPT. II. MATERIALS FOR STONE LINING AND MASONRIES 14

ART.7. SAND FOR DRY LINING 14

ART.8. RUBBLE STONE FOR LINING AND MASONRY 15
ART.9. RIVER BOULDERS FOR LINING AND MASONRY 16

CPT. III. MATERIALS AND PIPES FOR DRAINS 17

ART.10. FILTER MATERIAL 17

ART.11. DRAIN PIPES ..17
ART.12. GEOTEXTILE 18
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page

CPT. IV. SEWAGE MATERIALS 19

ART.13. SIMPLE CONCRETE PRECAST TUBES FOR

CHANNELS, DRAINAGE OUTLETS AND
MANHOLES 19

CPT. V. SIDEWALK KERBS, PRECAST ITEMS FOR GUTTERS

DITCHES AND SIDE DITCHES ON SLOPES 24

ART.14. KERBS FOR SIDEWALKS AND EMERGENCY STOPS 24

ART.15. PRECAST ELEMENTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION
OF GUTTERS, DITCHES AND SLOPE DITCHES 25

CPT. VI. QUALITY CONTROL OF MATERIALS 26

ART.16. QUALITY CONTROL OF MATERIALS 26

PART II. EXECUTION OF WORKS 29

CPT. VII. SETTING AND EXECUTION OF EXCAVATIONS

29

ART.17. SETTING OF WORKS 29

ART.18. EXCAVATION 29

CPT. VIII. COMPOSITION AND UTILISATION OF GROUT AND

CONCRETE 30

ART.19. COMPOSITION AND UTILISATION OF GROUT 30

ART.20. PREPARATION OF CEMENT GROUT 30
ART.21. CONCRETE CLASSIFICATION AND UTILIZATION 31
ART.22. CONCRETE FORMULA 32

CPT. IX. FORMWORK 35

ART.23. FORMWORKS 35
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page

CPT. X. REINFORCEMENT STEEL 35

ART.24. SHAPING AND MOUNTING OF REINFORCEMENT 35

CPT. XI. CONCRETE 36

ART.25. CONCRETE PREPARTION 36

ART.26. CONCRETE SPREADING 37
ART.27. CONCRETE TESTING AND CONTROL 38
ART.28. TOLERANCE OF CONCRETE WORKS 39

CPT. XII. RUBBLE STONE OR BOULDER MASONRY 39

ART.29. RUBBLE STONE OR BOULDER MASONRY 41

CPT. XIII. DITCHES, GUTTERS AND SLOPE DITCHES 42

ART.30. GENERAL PROVISIONS 42

ART.31. DRY RUBBLE LINING 44
ART.32. RUBBLE LINING, JOINTED WITH CEMENT GROUT 45
ART.33. RUBBLE LINING IN CEMENT GROUT 45
ART.34. RUBBLE OR BOULDERS LINING ON CONCRETE
FOUNDATION 46
ART.35. CAST IN PLACE CONCRETE LINING 46
ART.36. LINING OF PRECAST CONCRETE 46

CPT. XIV. DRAINS AND DEVICES FOR THE COLLECTING AND

DISCHARGING OF THE WATER FROM ROAD CORPUS 47

ART.37. GENERAL PROVISIONS 47

ART.38. ROAD SHOULDER DRAIN 48
ART.39. CONSTRUCTION OF CONTINUOUS DRAINING LAYER 48
ART.40. CONSTRUCTION OF LONGITUDINAL DRAIN
UNDER ROAD SHOULDER OR GUTTER 48
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page

CPT. XV. SEWAGE 50

ART.41. EXCAVATION WORKS 50

ART.42. CONSTRUCTION OF CHANNELS, DRAIN OUTLETS
AND MANHOLES 51

CPT. XVI. PRECAST KERBS AND GUTTERS 52

ART.43. KERB MOUNTING 52

CPT. XVII. TESTING AND CHECKING 53

ART.44. QUALITY CONTROL AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS 53

CPT. XVIII. ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS 55

ART.45. PARTIAL ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS 55

ART.46. PRELIMINARY ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS 56
ART.47. FINAL ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS 57

STANDARD REFERENCES 58
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GENERAL

ART.1. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

1.1. These Technical Specifications refer to the execution of outfall and
drainage systems of surface waters, as follows:
- edge of platform ditches
- top of slope ditches
- edge of platform gutters
- kerb of sidewalk gutters
- shoulder gutters
- side ditches on slopes
- sewage works
- discharge channels
- absorbing wells
- drains, collection and discharge of road corpus waters.
These Technical Specifications include the technical provisions relating to the
perfomance of these works, as well as the quality control of the materials and works
to be executed, according to the construction design specifications.
1.2. These Technical Specifications do not include:
- bridges and culverts
- river training works
- waste and surface water sewage works.

ART.2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The Contractor undertakes to provide the organizational and
technological measures necessary for the strict observance of the provisions of these
Technical Specifications.
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2.2. The Contractor shall provide by his laboratory all tests and testing
determination relevant to these Technical Specifications.
2.3. In case of infringement of the respective provisions as contained in these
Technical Specifications, the Engineer shall order the interrupting of works and
undertaking of an adequate procedure.

PART I
TYPE AND QUALITY OF MATERIALS

CHAPTER I
GROUT AND CONCRETE MATERIALS
ART.3. CEMENT
3.1. The grout and concrete materials shall comply with the Romanian
standard provisions in force.
3.2. Concrete and grout preparation shall be based on one of the following
types of cement that should comply with the quality technical provisions:
- Portland cement P 40 as per SR EN 197-1/2002
- Portland additive cement Pa 35 as per SR EN 197-1/2002
- Metalurgical cement M 30 as per SR EN 197-1/2002
- Hydrotechnical cement Hz 35 as per SR 3011-1996.
3.3. The application scope of these types of cement in the case of the water
saturated works exposed to freezing and thawing, as it is the case of water surface
outfall works is shown in shown in Table 1 and 2 for concrete and cement grout,
respectively.
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Table 1

CONSTRUCTION TYPE OF CEMENT

Item CONDITIONS OR CLASS OF TYPE OF
COMPONENT
CHARACTERISTICS CONCRETE CONCRETE P40 Pa35 M30 Hz35
1 Components and constructions C 12/15 any I R U I
with pits less than 1.5 m C 16/20 - C 25/30 any U R I I
2 Massive components and
constructions at least 1.5 m thick C 12/15 any I R U U
C 16/20 - C 25/30 any U U I R

3 Elements or constructions of high

class concrete C 28/35 reinforced U I I I
C 32/40 reinforced U I I I

NOTE: R - recommended cement

U - cement used if the recommended cement is not available
I - not recommended cement for technical or economic reasons

Table 2

Type of cement
Item Type of grout recommended used if recommended cement
is not available
1. Masonry or plaster grout, mark 50 F 25 M 30
2. Idem, mark 100 M 30 Pa 35
3. Grout for filling in the joints
between the precast components Pa 35 M 30

3.4. The cement used for construction should meet the provisions under Table
3.
3.5. For works in contact with natural aggressive water or with sea water,
cement adapted to that environment shall be used. The minimal cement class shall be
specified in the Special Technical Specifications for the respective works.
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Table 3
CHARACTERISTICS ACCEPTABILITY CONDITIONS
P 40 Pa 35 M 30 Hz 35
Start of setting 1h 1h 1h 1 h 30'
End of setting < 10 h < 10 h < 10 h < 10 h 30'
Volume constancy per cakes No bending or cracks
Bending stress resistance,
minimum N/mmp
- at 2 days 3.0 - - -
- at 7 days - - - 4.0
- at 28 days 5.0 - - 5.5
Le Chatelier volume constancy Volume < 10 mm
Compression resistance min.
N/mmp
- at 2 days 17 10 - -
- at 7 days - - 15 20
- at 28 days 40 35 30 35

3.6. Technical conditions of acceptance, delivery and control of the cement

shall meet the respective standard provisions.
3.7. Cement impurification and wetting shall be avoided during haulage from
plant to site (or to an intermediary storage), during handling and storage on site.
3.8. Cement storage is conditioned by the existence of the quality certificate.
3.9. Cement storage shall not exceed 45 days from the date of delivery by the
supplier.
3.10. The cement left in store longer shall be used only after its mechanical
resistance has been checked for compliance in 2 (7) days.
The cement that has lower mechanical resistance than the limits prescribed for
its mark shall be down-graded and used accordingly.
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Altered cement shall be removed and under the interdiction to be used for the
preparation of concrete or grout. The Contractor shall cover its removal expenses.
3.11. Cement quality control by the Contractor should comply with the
provisions under Table 23.

ART.4. AGREGATES
4.1. The following materials are used for the preparation of grout and concrete:
- natural aggregates - natural sand 0-3; 3-7 or 0-7
- concrete ballast 0-31 or 0-71 mm
or - crushed aggregates - crushed sand 0-3; 3-8 or 0-8
- crushed stone 8-25 or 8-40 mm.
4.2. The aggregates shall come from stable rocks non-weatherable in contact
with the air, water and frost. The use of aggregates coming from weathered rocks is
forbidden.
4.3. The aggregates shall be inert and shall lead to no detrimental effects to the
cement used for concrete or grout preparation.
4.4. Coarse sand shall be use.
4.5. Sea sand may be used provided this is specially instructed.
4.6. Gravel or crushed stone granular material should meet the provisions of
Table 4.
Table 4
CHARACTERISTICS MINIMUM ACCEPTABILITY REMARKS
CONDITIONS
Grain shape Aggregates which do not fulfill these
b/a 0.66 conditions shall be used only after a prior
test of the concrete.
c/a 0.33

4.7. Aggregates content of impurities shall meet the provisions under Table 5.
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Table 5
Acceptability conditions
Impurities Natural or crushed sand Gravel or crushed stone
Animal or vegetal foreign matter, fuel oil, grease Not admitted Not admitted
Film of clay or other material adherent onto the Not admitted Not admitted
grains of aggregates
Mica, % , max. 1% -
Coal, %, max. 0,5 -
Humus (colour of soda lye) yellow yellow
Pieces of clay, %, max. 1% 0.25
Levigable parts, %, max. 2% 0.5
Sulphates or sulphides Not admitted Not admitted

Note: The ballast for concrete shall be separated into sand and gravel, observing the technical provisions as
per the Table

4.8. Physical and mechanical characteristics of aggregates shall meet the

acceptability conditions as per Table 6.
Table 6
Physical and mechanical characteristics Acceptability conditions
Apparent density, kg/cm, min. 1,800
Bulk density in loose and dry state, kg/mc, min. 1,200
Total crushed stone porosity, %, max 2
Apparent porosity for gravel or crushed stone, max. 2
Volume of voids in loose state for:
- sand, % max. 40
- gravel, % max. 45
- crushed stone, % max. 55
Crushing resistance %
- saturated, min. 60
- dry, max. 15
Softening coefficient after saturation, min. 0.80
Compression resistance of the rock of origin per cubes or cylinders 90
in saturated state, N/sqmm, min.
Resistance to freezing and thawing expressed by the percentage loss 10
as per the initial mass, % max.
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4.9. The sorts of aggregates shall display continuous grading and the content of
the grains passing through that is remaining on the screens or sieves specific for the
respective sort of aggregates should be maximum 10%, whereas the maximum size of
the retained grains on the upper screen shall be maximum 1.5 d.
4.10. Sand grading is provided in Table 7.
4.11. Concrete ballast grading should meet the provisions of Table 8.
Table 7
Sort of sand Sieving or screening material, %
0.2 0.5 1 2 3.15 7.0
0-2 min. - 10 45 90 - -
max. - 50 85 100 - -

0-3 min. 5 - 35 - 90 -
max. 30 - 75 - 100 -

0-7 min. 2 - 20 - 56 100

max. 21 - 70 - 87 100

Table 8
Concrete ballast Sieving or screening material, %
3.15 5 16 20 d max.
0 - 31 min. 20 - 55 - 80
max. 50 - 85 - 100

0 - 71 min. 10 - 35 - 80
max. 30 - 65 - 100

0 - 40 min. - 30 - 55 80
max. - 60 - 85 100

0 - 63 min. - 25 - 45 80
max. - 25 - 80 100
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4.12. Aggregates shall be supplied to the deposits in time to ensure the

homogenous and constant quality of such materials. The supply shall take place only
after laboratory analysis testing for adequacy.
4.13. Storage shall be provided on separate platforms according to the sort of
aggregates with material protection against impurification.
4.14. Quality control of aggregates shall be performed in keeping with the
provisions under Table 19.
4.15. The Contractors laboratory shall keep the records of the aggregate
quality, as follows:
- one dossier containing all the quality certificates of the supplier;
- one register containing the laboratory testing results.

ART.5. WATER
5.1. Water necessary to prepare the concrete and the grout shall comply with
the technical conditions of Table 9, as per STAS 790-84.
The methods of testing are provided for under STAS 790-84. The verification
shall be performed by a specialized laboratory at start of works.
5.2. Water pollution (by detergents, organic matter, vegetaloil clay, etc. should
be avoided during its use on site.
Table 9
Chemical and physical characterristics Acceptability conditions
Total salt content gr/l max. 4
Sulphates gr. SO4 2 /l max. 2
Organic matter gr/l max. 0.5
Chlorides gr.Cl/l max. max. 0.5
Nitrates gr. NO3/dm3 max. 0.5
2 3
Magnesium gr. Mg /dm max. 0.5
Suspension matter gr max. 3
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ART.6. CONCRETE STEEL

6.1. The reinforcement for cast in place concrete or the site reinforced
concrete precast components shall be made of mild steel bars OL 37 or deformed bars
PC 52 as per the design provisions.These steel bars shall comply with the technical
provisions of STAS 438/1-89.
6.2. The concrete steel shall be supplied with the quality certificate of the
producer.
6.3. The steel shall be stored in special areas according to types and diameters
of steel.
6.4. The storage areas should be clean. The bars shall not be kept in contact
with the soil, or other material and objects that may induce humidity.
6.5. The bent bars or the bars bent and assembled shall be transported and
handled carefully, in order to prevent permanent deformation.
6.6. Quality control of concrete steel shall be made for each steel consignment
amount and for each type of supplied steel.

CHAPTER II
MATERIALS FOR STONE LINING AND MASONRIES

ART.7. SAND FOR DRY LINING

7.1. The lining substrata shall be made of natural sand type 0-7 mm with max.
12% sieving content of max. 0.09 mm fragments.
7.2. Natural sand 3-7 mm or grit shall be used for lining wedging.
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ART.8. RUBBLE STONE FOR LINING AND MASONRY

8.1. Rubble stone for lining and masonry shall come from rocks with no visible
traces of physical, chemical or mechanical weathering, compact and homogenous in
colour and mineral composition.
8.2. The mechanical characteristics of the rock shall be according to the
provisions of Table 10.
Table 10
Characteristics Acceptability conditions
Dry test specimen compression resistance, N/sqmm min. 80

Freezing and thawing resistance:

- frost cleftness, at 25 cycles on crushed stone, % max. 0.3

- softening coefficient on test specimens, % max. 25

8.3. Shape and size of rubble stone used for lining are shown in Table11.
Table 11
Characteristics Acceptability conditions
Shape irregular, almost like a pyramid frustum
or a wedge

Height, mm 140...180

Base size, mm: - length equal or longer than the height

- width 80...150

Stone of inadequate size, % max. 15

8.4 The rubble stone for masonry shall have an irregular shape, as it comes
from the quarry, with the minimum size of 100 mm and max. 25 kg in weight.
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8.5. For horizontally joined masonry, stratified rubble shall be used with two
approximately parallel facets.
8.6. The cobweb masonry rubble stones facets should be visible, with the edges
of min. 15 cm, and the longest edge shall not exceed the shortest one by more than
1.5.

ART.9. RIVER BOULDERS FOR LINING AND MASONRY

9.1. The river boulder shall come from non-weathered rocks, frost resistant and
with homogeneous structure and composition. Boulder stones coming from
conglomerate rocks or rocks with cracks or clefting surface zones are not accepted.
9.2. Mechanical characteristics of the boulder stones shall be as follows:
- compression crushing resistance min. 60%
- Deval equipment wear resistance min. 11.
9.3. Boulder size used for lining should fall in the range limits as per Table 12.
Table 12
Size Acceptability conditions
- length, width of facet, mm 80...140

- height 120..160

Stone of inadequate size, mass % max. 15

9.4. The Masonry boulder stone shall be contained in the range of 80 to 200
mm.
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CHAPTER III
MATERIALS AND PIPES FOR DRAINS

ART.10. FILTER MATERIAL

10.1. The ballast of 0-71 mm with a sand equivalent (En) of 40 shall be used as
draining material.
10.2. The ballast shall be clean, without vegetal matter, humus, and detritus. It
shall have grading continuity in order to avoid its contamination by interference of
natural soil with the drain grains in the road corpus. It shall comply with the
TERZAGHI filter ratio.
D 15 > 4 d 85
where:
D 15 - the screen mesh allowing for 15% sieving of filtering material
d 85 - the screen mesh allowing for 85% sieving of filtering material.
10.3. Screened gravel 8/25 (8/31) mm as per SR 662/2002 spread in the zone of
the perforated pipe of the deep drain.
10.4. Geotextile is used as reverse filter.
The geotextile characteristics shall be as per the Technical norms for the
utilization of the geotextile material approved by ICCPDC item NP 075/2002.

ART.11. DRAIN PIPES

11.1. The following pipes are used for water collection and discharge:
- rigid pipes of polyvinyl chloride (P.V.C.) STAS 6675/2-92
- polyethylene pipes (PE) STAS 10617/2-84
- perforated chamfered corrugated pipes PE N.I. 8500-80 type IPMP Buzu.
11.2. Technical characteristics of these pipes shall be as per Table 13.
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Table 13
SIZE STAS 6675/2-86 STAS 10617/2-84 NI 8500-80 IPMP
BUZU
P.V.C.rigid pipe P.E. rigid pipe PVC pipe
Exterior diameter, mm 75 110.0 75 110.0 65.0 80.5
Rated thickness, mm 3.6 5.3 4.3 6.3 0.6 0.7
Length, ml 6.0 6.0 5-12 5-12 140 170
Weight, kg/m 1.120 2.610 0.972 2.080 0.220 0.325
Active area, sqcm/m 24-45 Non- 24:45 Non-perforated 24:45 24:45
perforated

11.3. P.V.C. chamfered pipes (N.I 8500-80 type Buzu) of 80.5 mm shall be
used in dug and drilled drains with piping covered with geotextile.
11.4. The rigid perforated pipes of P.V.C. or P.E. of 75 mm shall be used in
drilled drains without pipes.
11.5. P.E. or P.V.C. non-perforated 110 mm pipes are to be used at:
- inlet and outlet of drain chambers
- end of drain
- aerators
- between caissons for water outfall.
11.6. Perforated pipe slits of 1.0 x 5.0 mm or 1.5 x 8.0 mm shall amount to a
number necessary to provide an active area (water inlet into tubes) of 24-45 sqcm per
liniar meter of piping.
11.7. Perforated pipes of concrete of circular section with tenon and mortise
without sole, D=200 mm and 1.00 m in length, as per STAS 816-80 - Table15 are
used for the drain aeration ends.

ART.12. GEOTEXTILE
12.1. The characteristics of the geotextile shall be as per the Technical norms
for the utilization of geotextile material approved by ICCPDC item NP 075/2002.
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12.2. The material with defects no more than 10% of the area may be
accepted. The zones wth defects shall be removed.

CHAPTER IV
SEWAGE MATERIALS

ART.13. SIMPLE CONCRETE PRECAST TUBES

13.1. The precast pipes of concrete of circular section with tenon and mortise
or socket, with or wihout sole, of various diameters, as per STAS 816-80, according
to Table 14 and 15.
13.2. The type of piping, namely tenon and mortise or socket tubes, for wet or
dry joining, with or without sole, shal be chosen accordin to t design ad to the Special
Technical Specifications. (Tables 14 and 15).
13.3. Circular pipes as per STAS 816-80 with diameter 500 mm and 250 mm
according to Table 16, shall be used for the construction of the drain traps.
Table 16

PIPING INTERIOR LENGTH THICKNESS STAS 816-80

SPECIFICATIONS DIAMETRE
Interior piping to which the
channel is connected 500 1085 60 Fig.19
Top pipe 700
500 900 60 Fig.20
1000
Connecting pipe 200 - 26 Fig.21
Pipe bend with socket 200 315 26 Fig.12-14

All the size values are expressed in mm.

20
21
 22

13.4. Precast tubes with the diameter of 1000 and 800 mm shall be used for the
manholes, according to STAS 816-80, as per Table 17.
Table 17
PIPING SPECIFICATIONS DIAMETRE LENGTH THICKNESS STAS 816-80
Bottom pipe 1000 1000 140 Fig.22
Top pipe 1000 1000 120 Fig.23
Connecting pipe 800 500 120 Fig.24
1000

All size values are expressed in mm.

13.5. Carriageway or common covers and grates of the types provided under
STAS 2308-81, and 3272-80, respectively, shall be used for the manholes and drain
traps according to the Special Technical Specifications.
13.6. The sewage pipes and fitting shall have the aspect of unpolished concrete
for the interior surface.
The interior surface shall be smooth and flawless.
Small contraction cracks are acceptable on the exterior surface unequally
distributed, provided they do not affect the quality and a clear sound can be heard at
hammering test by max. 200 g hammer.
13.7. The pipes shall be waterproof as per the provisions of Table 18, regarding
the average values of the water loss under pressure. Individual results shall differ from
the average value by max. 30%.
Table 18
NOMINAL DIAMETER WATER LOSS UNDER PRESSURE OF 5 m (H2O)
D mm cm3/m IN LENGTH (FOR cm3/dm2 TESTING SURFACE
TOTAL PIPING) MAX.
200 120 1.9
300 160 1.7
400 210 1.6
500 270 1.5
600 300 1.5
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13.8. The total water absorption determined on pipe chips as per STAS 816-
80, shall be maximum 6%.
13.9. The compression resistance on the generatrix of 28-day test specimen
pipes, tested as per STAS 816-80 should meet the provisions of Table 19.
13.10. Minimum 30 cement mark shall be used for the cast in situ pipes. The
aggregates shall comply with the provisions under STAS 1667-76, and the concrete
shall be at least BC20.
Table 19

NOMINAL DIAMETERS, D mm MINIMUM LOAD P, N/M

200 27000
300 30000
400 32000
500 35000
600 38000

13.11. Pipes shall be carefully handled and stored, avoiding knocking and
shocks.
13.12. It is altogether forbidden to unload the pipes by free fall, the handling of
hanging pipes by cable passing through the pipe or at the hooks in the pipe end, the
knocking of pipes each other and against other objects.
13.13. The pipes should be stored horizontally by intercalation of the socket
end (in the case of socket pipes), pipe on pipe or on wood supports.
Vertical storage is also permitted, if the storage area is horizontal.
13.14. During haulage, the pipes shall be set on wood supports, when packed
on several rows, with the supports on the same vertical direction. Other devices or
materials may be used for pipe protection during transport.
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13.15. Pipes over 500 mm diameter may be hauled in vertical position.

13.16. Each delivered batch shall be provided with the quality certificate,
drawn up in keeping with the ruling regulations.
13.17. The pipes may be transported 28 days as of the manufacturing date and
in the case they have been submitted to special treatment of quick hardening, at the
term when the 28-day concrete resistance is attained.

CHAPTER V
SIDEWALK KERBS - PRECAST ITEMS FOR GUTTERS, DITCHES
AND SIDE DITCHES ON SLOPES

ART.14. KERBS FOR SIDEWALKS AND EMERGENCY STOPS

14.1. Kerbs for sidewalks and emergency stops shall be made of concrete as per
STAS 1139-87 and the size specifications of Table 20.
Table 20

Type Size Width Hight Length Note

6+/-2 4+/-5 1+/-5
A A2 200 300 1000;330 Used for sidewalk

B B3 100 170 750;500 Used for green drainage, lateral

bordering, etc.

I I 300 300 600 Used for road entrance

P P 600 300 400 Carriageway

All the size values are expressed in mm.

14.2. Mechanical characterstics of kerbs are contained in Table 21.

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Table 21

MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS ACCEPTABILITY CONDITIONS

Average bending resistance at breakage for types A 40
and B, kgf/cm2
Average bending resistance at breakage of a single
test specimen for the length of 1000, 750 and 30
500mm Kgf/cm2
Wear resistance, mm max. 1,3
Freezing and thawing resistance at 20 freezing and thawing cycles without
crack or fissure

14.3. Acceptable flaws for kerbs are those in Table 22.

Table 22

KERB FLAW ACCEPTABILITY CONDITIONS

Maximum deflection of visible faces, 3
mm/m max.
Deflection of visible faces over 2 mm Not acceptable
Deviation from the angle of 90, % max. 3
Notches, mm max. Not acceptable at round edges; for the rest,
acceptable on 25% of the test specimen on a length
of max. 3 mm and max. 2 mm in depth.
Cracks Not acceptable

ART.15. PRECAST ELEMENTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION

OF GUTTERS, DITCHES AND SLOPE DITCHES
15.1. The elements indicated in the design to be used for the execution of
gutters, ditches and side ditches on slopes shall be the types as per STAS 10796/2-79
or other types.
The precast elements shall be produced on site based on concrete class Bc 15
by observing the geometry, as instructed in the working drawings and the provisions
contained in the Special Technical Specifications.
 26

15.2. If no working drawings details are specified, the revetment of ditches may
be by using precast concrete elements of the concrete agreed by the Engineer or of
the concrete cast in situ, observing the characteristics instructed in the Technical
Specifications.

CHAPTER VI
QUALITY CONTROL OF MATERIALS

ART.16. QUALITY CONTROL OF MATERIALS

16.1. The materials recommended by the Contractor shall be submitted to the
preliminary information testing and trials for the final mixture formulas in compliance
with the Technical Specifiations common for all roadwork.
16.2. The preliminary information tests shall be performed on trial specimens
of materials taken from each ballast pit, quarry and plant proposed by the Contractor.
The type and the frequency of the tests are shown in Table 23 and the provisions of
the Special Technical Specifications.
The results of these tests should comply with the provisions of these Technical
Specifications, to be possibly completed with the provisions of the Special Technical
Specifications.
16.3. The content and frequency of trials for mixture formulas are shown for
each material in Table 23 to be possibly completed with the provisions of the Special
Technical Specifications.
No other tolerance besides those indicated in these Technical Specifications
and possibly completed with the provisions of the Special Technical Specifications.
Materials that fail to meet the specified technical conditions shall be rejected
and stored outside the site by concern of the Engineer.
 27

PRELIMINARY TESTING OF MATERIALS BEFORE UTILIZATION

Table 23
Tests of characteristics Testing frequency
Material to be checked Methods according Information testing Testing before
to: utilization
Examination of the - Per lot of material -
quality certificates
Volum constancy SR 196/3/95 One determination per -
each lot supplied but
not less than 100t per
Cement Setting time SR 196/3/95 average test specimen -
not less than 100t per
average test specimen
Mechanical resistance SR EN 196-1/95 One sampling per 100 -
after 2(7) days t or per each silo
Mechanical resistance at where the lot has been
28 days supplied
Conservation condition, SR EN 196/3/95 - Two
if storage term is over, or determinations per
in case weathering silo (top and
factors appear bottom)
Examination of the - Per supplied lot of -
quality certificates material
Levigation parts SR 667/2001 - One
determination per
lot of 100 m3
Humus STAS 4606-80 When the source -
changes
Aggregate Foreign matter, pieces of STAS 4606-80 - One
clay, adherent clay fuel determination per
content, mica lot of 100 m3
Sort grading SR EN 933/1/02 One sampling per One
max.500 m3 per sort determination per
and source lot of 100 m3
Sand equivalent STAS 730-89 A test per each source One
determination per
lot of 50 m3
Wear resistance on Los STAS 730-89 One sampling per -
Angeles equipment max.500 m3 per sort
and source
Examination of the - Per supplied lot of -
Rubble quality certificates material
stone for Compression resistance SR EN 1926/2000 - One
lining and of the rock verified on determination per
masonry of dry samples lot of 100 m3
stone Resistance to freezing STAS 6200/15-83 - One
and thawing determination per
lot of 100 m3
Examination of - Per supplied lot of -
Boulders deviations from the material
for lining quality certificate
and Crushing resistance by STAS 730-89 - One
 28

masonry compression determination per

lot of 100 m3
Wear resistance on STAS 730-89 - One
Deval equipment determination per
lot of 100 m3

Table 23 (continued)
Tests of characteristics Testing frequency
Material to be checked Methods according Information testing Testing before
to: utilization
Water Chemical analysis STAS 790-84 Irrelevant for drinking Whenever the
water. For the water source changes or
coming from other pollution
source, an analysis per conditions are
each source manifest
Concrete Examination of the - Per supplied lot of -
steel quality certificates material
One determination per - Per supplied lot of -
lot of 100 m3 material
Draining Sand equivalent STAS 730-89 One determination One
material test per each source determination per
lot of 100 m3
Grading SR EN 933/1/02 One sampling per each One
source determination per
lot of 100 m3
PVC or PE Examination of the - Per supplied lot of -
pipes for quality certificates material
drains Active surface - Three determinations -
per each lot supplied
Examination of the - Per supplied lot of -
quality certificates material
Concrete Size values (diameter STAS 818-80 Mandatory O serie de
pipes for and thickness), determination if the determinri pe
sewage deviations quantity is over 100m, fiecare lot de 100
per each source ml
Visual examination of STAS 818-80
interior surfaces
Examination of the - Per supplied lot of -
quality certificates material
Sidewalk Dimensiuni STAS 1137-87 Mandatory trial if the One test per each
concrete quantity is over 500 m lot of 500 m3
kerbs and per each source
Bending resistance STAS 1137-87 Idem Idem
 29

PART II
EXECUTION OF WORKS

CHAPTER VII
SETTING AND EXECUTION OF EXCAVATIONS

ART.17. SETTING OF WORKS

17.1. Setting of works consists in marking the centerline, the foundation level
and territory limits of works, according to the type of works and in relation to the set
up centerline of the road, as well as the implementation of control points in the
vicinity of works.
17.2. The Contractor shall make the setting based on the execution design
drawings, which shall be approved by the Engineer in writing and recorded in the site
register.

ART.18. EXCAVATION
18.1. The foundation excavations shall be executed as per working drawings
that shall be endorsed Good for execution. They will be carried out to the level
established by the Engineer during the works execution.
18.2. The digging for ditches and gutters will be executed by strictly observing
the level, slope and the profile in the working drawings (bottom width, height and
slope ramps, as well as their location related to the centerline or to the slope edge for
the guard ditches.
18.3. Excavations for drains and sewages shall be carried out by strict
observance of the trench width, the slope ramp, the level and the gradient specified
in the working drawings.
18.4. Excavations shall be executed, as much as possible on dry soil. Any
necessary pumping-out shall be performed by the Contractor in the limits as per the
Technical Specifications.
30
 31

18.5. The soil resulting from excavation shall be removed and stored in the
deposit established by the Engineer at a distance no longer than 1 km, unless
otherwise specified in the Special Technical Specifications.
18.6. If timbering is necessary with sewage, the Contractor shall provide them,
to avoid soil slip and ensure labour safety, by performing joining and interspace
timbering, depending upon the soiltype. The interspaces shall be not wider than the
double average width of the support elements.
18.7. The soil for trench filling shall be cleaned from stones over 15 cm.
These fillings shall be carefully compacted. The maximum thickness of each
layer shall be max. 20 cm after compaction. The dry density of the filling shall be 95%
of the optimal dry density Standard Proctor.

CHAPTER VIII
COMPOSITION AND UTILISATION OF GROUT AND CONCRETE

ART.19. COMPOSITION AND UTILISATION OF GROUT

19.1. The grout shall have the following formula and utilisation:
- Mortar M50 - for masonry and lining of rubble stone or river boulders with a
dosage of 300 kg of cement per m3 of sand;
- Mortar M100 - for cement plaster finish, joints of stone or precast masonry,
filling of the sewage pipe joints, with a dosage of 400 kg cement M30 or Pa35
per m3 of sand.

ART.20. PREPARATION OF CEMENT GROUT

20.1. For grout batching, the sand shall be measured in boxes or wheelbarrows
the capacity of which is a simple ratio of the number of bags of binding material to be
used.
 32

20.2. The grout is prepared manually; the sand and cement are dry mixed on a
flat horizontal plank of wood or metal panel, until perfectly homogenized. Then, the
required water amount is added progressively, with a watering can, stirring
continuously. The mixing goes on, until the grout becomes perfectly homogeneous.
For all the cases, the grout shall be well mixed, so that when hand kneaded, it
forms a pellet slightly wet, not leaking through the fingers. For certain purposes, such
as grout for protections, sealing, etc, the site-inspector may admit other consistency
also.
20.3. The grout should be used immediately after it has been prepared. Any
grout that gets dry or starts setting must be rejected and may never be mixed with the
fresh grout.

ART.21. CONCRETE CLASSIFICATION AND UTILIZATION

The class of concrete by resistance is shown in Table 24; the proper concrete
resistance and the minimum cement consumption are also provided.
Table 24
CHARACTERISTIC MINIMUM
CLASS OF
CONCRETE UTILIZATION RESISTANCE CEMENT
CONCRETE
RbK N/mm2 AMOUNT, m3

C 2.8/3.5 Filling concrete 3.5 115

C 4/5 Concrete for massive foundations 5 150

C 6/7.5 Concrete in foundations or elevations 7.5 180

C 8/10 Plain concrete for elevations and weakly 10.0 240

reinforced concrete

C 12/15 Reinforced concrete 15.0 300

C 16/20 Precast reinforced concrete 20.0 350

 33

ART.22. CONCRETE FORMULA

22.1. The concrete formula is defined by the proportion in volumes of dry
aggregates, the weight of binding material per one cubic meter of prepared concrete
and the water volume. If so instructed in the Special Technical Specifications, the
proportion of aggregates shall be determined in weight.
The necessary quantities for each concrete component shall be determined
before starting the works, by the Contractor:
- either by laboratory survey for the concrete class BC 7.5 or higher;
- or by comparison with already used formulas based on similar materials, if the
Engineer agrees.
In both cases, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval the
mixture report and the necessary explanations, in minimum 15 days before the
starting of concrete works.
22.2. The concrete mixture formula is determined taking into account the
Regulations for execution of concrete and reinforced concrete and prestressed
concrete EN 012-99 with respect to:
- minimum cement dosage, as per Table 24;
- necessary concrete workability, according to Table 26;
- The minimum concrete resistence, as per Table 28.
Table 25

Item WORKABILITY
TYPE OF CONCRETE ELEMENTS HAULAGE DEFINITION SETTLEMENT,
m
1. Foundations of plain concrete, or weakly
reinforced concrete, massive elements Tipping lory L2 3+/-1
2. Idem or reinforced concrete foundations,
soles, beams, walls Motorstirring L3 8+/-2
3. Elements or monolith items with dense
reinforcement or small section difficult
compaction idem L4 12+/-2
 34

Table 26

Class of concrete Water, 1/m3 for workability

L2 L3 L4
C 2.8/3.5 ..... C 6/7.5 160 170 -

C 8/10 ..... C 20/25 170 185 200

22.3. The grading range of concrete classes are provided in Table 27.
22.4. Allowed tolerances for the concrete formula are as follows:
- for each sort of aggregates +/- 3%
- for the mass or aggregates +/- 2%
- for cement +/- 2%
- for total amount of water +/- 5%.
Aggregate sampling and checking of cement and water dosage are performed
by the Engineer, when concreting starts.
22.5. The minimum resistance values of the preliminary tests shall comply with
Table 28.
Table 28

Time period Compression resistance N/mm2

C 8/10 C 12/15 C 16/20 C 18/22.5
7 days 11.7 15.3 18.8 20.8
28 days 18 23.5 29.6 32.0
 35

Table 27

Aggregate Limits Mass % of sieving and screening of mesh:

02 1 3 7 16 26 31 40 71

A. For concrete of class < C 6/7.5

max 10 25 42 60 80 - 100 - -
0-31
min 2 18 32 50 70 - 95 - -
max 10 28 38 52 74 - 90 100 -
0-40
min 2 16 28 42 64 - 82 95 -
max 8 18 32 45 16 70 77 84 100
0-70
min 1 6 13 22 38 50 57 68 95

B. For concrete of class < C 12/15

max 8 22 37 55 76 - 100 - -
0-31
min 1 14 27 45 66 - 95 - -
max 8 20 33 47 69 - 88 100 -
0-40
min 1 12 23 37 59 - 80 95 -
max 8 18 32 45 61 70 77 84 100
0-70
min 1 6 13 22 38 50 57 68 95

C. For concrete of class > C 16/20

max 7 18 32 50 72 - 100 - -
0-31
min 1 10 22 40 62 - 95 - -
max 6 16 28 42 64 - 86 100 -
0-40
min 1 8 18 32 54 - 78 95 -
 36

CHAPTER IX
FORMWORK

ART.23. FORMWORK
23.1. The solution and working drawings for the formworks are the
responsibility of the Contractor.
23.2. The designed formworks should be properly designed to carry the loads
and overloads without deformation.
23.3. Formworks shall be levelled at all points with a tolerance of +/- 1 cm.
The width and thickness between formworks of various parts of the
construction shall not be reduced by more than 5 mm.
23.4. Formwork boards and panels shall be level adjoined properly, with
maximum allowed distance at the joints of 2 mm, and the maximum allowed
unevenness in the plane of facing between two adjoining planks of 3 mm.

CHAPTER X
REINFORCEMENT STEEL

ART.24. SHAPING AND MOUNTING OF REINFORCEMENT

24.1. Reinforcement elements are shaped as per the working drawings, and
then mounted in formworks.
24.2. Shaping directly in formworks is not permitted, unless the Engineer
authorizes so. This is performed for closing the frames with bindings of maximum 12
mm in diameter.
24.3. The bars standing by between two concreting stages shall be protected
against random deformation. No binding or straightening of bars is admitted.
 37

24.4. Verification of reinforcement for mounting adequacy shall be performed

by the Engineer or by the Engineers representative before concreting. Considering
the importance of the respective works, the Engineer may require that concreting
shall start only after verification.

CHAPTER XI
CONCRETE

ART.25. CONCRETE PREPARTION

25.1. The concrete shall be prepared mechanically by simultaneous mixing of
all the components in the concrete mixer.
Aggregates shall be introduced in the concrete mixer in the following order:
- coarse aggregates;
- cement;
- sand;
- fine aggregates;
- water.
25.2. Minimal mixing period is in keeping with gyrating values below:
- vertical mixer 10 gyrations
- horizontal mixer 20 gyrations
- horizontal concrete mixer 20 gyrations
- tilted concrete mixer 30 gyrations.
Maximal mixing period shall not be longer than 3 times the minimal period.
25.3. For C 8/10 concrete, the amount of water introduced in the concrete
mixer shall be determined taking into account the sand and aggregate humidity that
shall be measured at least once a day.
25.4. The mixing plant shall allow for the measurement of the aggregates, the
binding material, water in the tolerance range as per 22, item 22.4.
 38

25.5. The transport of the concreteon site shall be submitted to the Egineers
approval before execution.

ART.26. CONCRETE SPREADING

26.1. The usual concrete is laid by stamping or by vibration, according to the
provisions in the Technical Special Specifications.
26.2. The concrete shal be laid before the start of the setting, the Engineer
shall fix a maximum term for spreading of the concrete after its mixing. Th concrete
not spread in the determind period or the concrete beginning to set, sell be removed
from the site.
26.3. When spreading, the concrete shall be protected against segregation. The
concrete may be hand mixed before casting, if it was not mixed during transportation.
26.4. If necessary, the Technical Specifications shall indicate the concrete type
to be spread by vibration and the respective procedure.
26.5. When resuming the concreting procedure, the hardened surface has to be
roughened, if necessary, and very well cleaned. The surface must be abundantly
watered so that the old concrete should be saturated before the contact with the fresh
concrete.
26.6. The uncased surfaces must have the shape and position as per the design
drawings. They shall be adjusted and finished without concrete or mortar addition if
the setting started. Any concrete addition in view of geometrical correction of the
surface shall be vibrated with the same means as the previously poured concrete, if
the last one was laid by vibration.
26.7. By the Special Technical Specifications or otherwise by the decision of
the Eniner, taking into account th works position and thickness and the type of the
cement, it will be determined the temperature limit under which the concreting
 39

works must be either interrupted or performed by means of procedures preventing

fromst degradation.
These procedures, whether instructed by the Technical Specifications or by the
Contractor with the agreement of the Engineer, should provide a temperature of
minimum +10 during 72 hours.
When it is possible to resume the concrete spreading interrupted because of the
frost, the concrete damaged by frost shall be removed and then it will be processed as
per item. 20.5 herein.
26.8. The Contractor shall take the necessary steps to keep the concrete
temperature during the first hours under 35C. Certain elementary preventive
measures shall be taken with respect to the following:
- cement temperature shall be under 40C;
- the use of cold water;
- the aggregates shall be protected against overheating by exposure to the sun;
- the protection of the fresh spread out concrete against sun heat.
If these precautions cannot keep the temperature of the concrete below 35,
the Engineer shall order the interruption of works.
26.9. After the end of the setting, the concrete surfaces must be watered. The
Engineer shall set up the treatment period for each part of the work depending upon
the concrete quality and the climate conditions.

ART.27. CONCRETE TESTING AND CONTROL

27.1. In order to check the proper mixing of the concrete, the Enginer may ask
control testing any time.
27.2. For the resistance control at works involving large volume of concrete, it
will be taken minimum 12 samples from the concrete mixers per every part of the
construction:
 40

at 7 days at 28 days
- compression test 3 3
- tensile test 3 3
27.3. If the tests at 7 days show resistance values below the values required for
that time span, the Enginer has to stop the concreting, and to state with the
Contractor the measures for the improvement of the material quality and/or of the
manufacturing conditions. The concreting may be resumed thereafter.
The Engineer will decide wheter the works already made, may be accepted or
must be modified or reinforced, taking into account the obtained results of the testsm
the works destination as well as al other necessary elements. Inside accepting the
works, the Enginer may choose to remake the works at a cost that may reach 20%.
27.4. If the resistance after 28 days is considered unacceptable, the Engineer
will order the demolition and the removal of the works or of a part of them at the
Contaractors expense.
27.5. Concrete consistency shall be measured with the Abrams cone (slump
test). It has to be within the range of 0.8-1.0 of the slumps obtained at the trial tests.
Otherwise, the water qauantity shall be modified in order to attain the design
consistancy.
Testing shall be repeated whenever the Engineer considers it necessary.

ART.28. TOLERANCE OF CONCRETE WORKS

28.1. Tolerance values for any dimension between the opposite surfaces,
between edges and edge intersection has been determined based on the respective
dimension as per Table 29.
 41

Table 29

Dimensions, m Tolerance, cm
0.10 0.5
0.20 0.7
0.50 1
1.00 2
2.00 2
5.00 3

28.2. The maximum allowed deviation of an element with the direction almost
vertical depending on the height and the nature of this element is shown in Table 30.
Table 30

Height, m Tolerance, cm:

a b c
1 1.5 1.8 2.3
2 2 2.3 2.9
3 2.2 2.7 3.3
5 2.6 3.2 4
10 3.3 4 5

Note: tolerance values a for vertical bearing elements

tolerance values b for inclined bearing elements
tolerance values c for non-bearing elements

28.3. The linear tolerance of a rectilinear edge or of a rectilinear generatrix of a

plane or other surface, cased or not, is the maximum admitted dip of the whole span
"1" of this edge or generatrix. This dip is equal with the highest of the values below:
- 1/300
- one centimeter.
 42

CHAPTER XII
RUBBLE STONE OR BOULDER MASONRY

ART.29. RUBBLE STONE OR BOULDER MASONRY

29.1. Rubble stone should be slightly wet when used for construction.
Therefore, the stacks of rubble stone shall be watered abundantly before utilisation.
29.2. Before utilisation, the grout shall be always stored in troughs or on wood,
metal or plastics platforms, protected against rain or heat. Grout should never be
softened by water adding.
29.3. The rubble stone or boulders are laid by hand on a rich grout layer ad
arranged by sliding in order to provide a settlement of joints and grout penetration up
to the surface through all the joints. The joints and the voids properly trimmed with
mortar are to be filled with stone splinters properly wedged, so that the rubble or
boulder stones and the stone splinters shall be wholly covered with mortar. The joints
on the visible facet of the masonry shall not be trimmed with stone splinters. These
joints shall have a reduced thickness that shall not be more than 3 cm for rubble
stone masonry.
29.4. The visibil facet of the masonry will be made of rubble or boulder stones
properly chosen and set.
29.5. For 40 cm masonry at least 2 stone masonry stretches per m2 of wall shall
be used.
29.6. Unless otherwise instructed by the Special Technical Specifications, the
facet of the wall shall have pointed joints.
If the facet of the wall has no pointed joints, the mortar pressed through the
joints will be carefully removed, without burrs and properly smoothed with the trowel.
29.7. With pointed wall facets, the joints shall be cleaned 3cm in depth, before
grout setting. The surface sall be wet with a brush before the pointing of joints. The
pointed joints are 1 cm deeper than the wall plane.
 43

29.8. The joints cleaning shall be made on a depth of about 5cm and with
much water, when the jointing is made for strengthening an old masonry. The grout
is filled by trowel and smoothed, or mechanically.
29.9. When the weather is dry, the masonry shall be slightly but frequently
wetted, in order to avoid quick drying. The masonry shall be protected by all means
against dryness, rain and frost.
29.10. If the masonry under construction must be interrupted because of the
unfavourable weather conditions, the Contractor shal provide the covering of the
upper side with mats, earth or sand at least 10 cm thick. When resuming the works,
any damaged masonry shall be demolished and rebuilt.
29.11. When setting a new masonry on an old one, the contact surfaces shall
be cleaned, wetted and, if necessary, demolished and rebuilt.

CHAPTER XIII
DITCHES, GUTTERS AND SLOPE DITCHES

ART.30. GENERAL PROVISIONS

30.1. The ditch and gutter size and shape (triangular, trapezoidal) are those
indicated in the execution drawings, established depending on terrain, water flow and
speed, the type of soil, the construction equipment, the traffic conditions, in order to
avoid accidents and they shall be strictly observed by the Contractor.
30.2. It is of high importance that the design heights and gradient shall be
observed. The minimum longitudinal gradient shall be:
- 0.25% on natural ground
- 0.1% for lined ditches and gutters.
 44

30.3. Protection of ditches and gurtters is compulsory if the gradient exeeds the
maximum admitted value, in order to avoid earth erosion.
30.4. Maximum admitted gradient for unprotected ditches and gutters are as
per Table 31.
Table 31

PRINCIPAL SOIL TYPES MAXIMUM ALLOWED GRADIENT %

Highly compressible cohesive soil 0.5

Cohesive soil of low compressibility:
- silty and clayey sands 1
- clayey sandy sands 2
- silty and sandy clays 3
Non-cohesive coarse soils:
- gravel (2-20 mm) 3
- cobble (20-200 mm) 4
- boulders (over 200 mm) 5
Non-cohesive soil with medium or fine grading:
- fine sand (0.05...0.25 mm) 0.5
- medium or coarse sand (0.25...2.00 mm) 1
- sand with gravel 2

30.5. The maximum acceptable gradient for protected ditches and gutters are
shown in Table 32.
Table 32
PROTECTION MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE
GRADIENT %

Lining of dry rubble of frost resistant stone, with pointed joints 5

Lining of plain concrete slabs on sand bed 5 cm thick, with the
concrete: - class BC 7.5 10
- class BC 10 12
Lining of cement rubble masonry, from frost resistant rock BC 10
on concrete bed 15
Side ditches on high slopes of cement grout rubble masonry, or of
precast units, including the necessary arrangement at the toe of 67
the slope
 45

On segments of gradient above the values of Table 32, se vor amenaja trepte
pentru reducerea pantei sub valorile indicate n tabel.
30.6. Road shoulder gutters are compulsory in the following cases:
- in embankments of 3...5.00 m in the case of banked curves
- in embankments over 5.00 m.
The water from the shoulder gutters shall be discharged into side ditches on
slopes.
30.7. Lining is recommended for the guard ditches, irrespective of gradient.
30.8. The guard ditches location shall be at minimum 5.00 m from the edge of
the slope in cutting profile, and at 1.50-2.00 m from the toe of the slope when it is at
the embankment toe. The strip of soil between the toe of the slope and the guard
ditch shall have crossfalls of 2% to the ditch.
30.9. The Contracor shall observe the solution provided in the execution
drawings for the construction. If during construction works, there appears to be a
contradiction between the design provisions and the situation on site, regarding the
type of soil or the gradient, the situation shall be reported to the Engineer, who will
decide on a possible modification of the protection solution for ditch or gutter.

ART.31. DRY RUBBLE LINING

31.1. Over the leveled ground, a layer of coarse, rough sand, 5 cm thick after
ramming, will be spread.
Another layer of loose sand of the same quality 8 cm thick shall be spread over
the rammed layer.
The rubble are thrust vertically into the layer of loose sand, fitted close to each
other, hammered on top and laterally, so that every stone shall be tightly pressed
against the others. The joints shall be bonded.
 46

For more lining stability, the rubble is dry hammered first for better settlement.
Then a sand layer of 1-1.5 cm thick is spread for wedging. The sand is watered
and brushed for the filling of joints and the rubble is rammed againg up to refuse.
31.3. Lining surface shall be regular, the maximum unevenness being 2 cm
from the geometric surface of the slope.

ART.32. RUBBLE LINING, JOINTED WITH CEMENT GROUT

32.1. The construction of this lining is the same as for the dry rubble lining, but
the joints are filled with cement grout M 100 instead of sand. Ramming shall be
performed before the setting starts.
32.2. The surface of the revetment must be watered 3 days in order to prevent
premature dryness.

ART.33. RUBBLE LINING IN CEMENT GROUT

33.1. On the levelled ground, a layer of coarse rough sand is spread that is 5 cm
thick after ramming.
Over the rammed layer of sand, a rich course of cement grout M 100 is spread
in which the rubble stone or boulders are thrust and pressed, in order to obtain the
settlement of the joints and the upsetting of the mortar up to the surface of the
revetment. Any void is filled with cement grout, the surface is rammed and finally the
mortar is smoothed by trowel.
33.2. The lining surface shall be protected by watering the first 3 days and by
covering with mats for 7 days.
33.3. The acceptable deviations for the surface are as per item 31.2.
 47

ART.34. RUBBLE OR BOULDERS LINING ON CONCRETE

FOUNDATION
34.1. On the levelled ground, concrete C 6/7.5 is poured for foundation,
according to the design thickness. The rubble or boulders are laid on the foundation
before the setting of the concrete, and the joints are filled with M 100 cement grout
as per item 33.1.
34.2. The conditions for the surface are as per item 31.3.

ART.35. CAST IN PLACE CONCRETE LINING

35.1. Concrete C 8/10 or C 12/15 is poured at design thickness in sections of
1.50 m in length with joints 2cm thick.
35.2. The surface has to be protected against sun or rain by covering with mats
during the setting, and by watering, as long as necessary, depending on weather.

ART.36. LINING OF PRECAST CONCRETE

36.1. The precast concrete units are laid either in a layer of rammed sand or on
a C 6/7.5 concrete bed, according to the Special Technical Specifications and design
drawing.
36.2. The shape and size of the precast units have to be as per the design or as
per similar Constructor recommendations, approved by the Engineer.
 48

CHAPTER XIV
DRAINS AND DEVICES FOR THE COLLECTING AND DISCHARGING
OF THE WATER FROM THE ROAD CORPUS

ART.37. GENERAL PROVISIONS

37.1. The water drainage from the base of the foundation is performed
depending upon the draining possibilities by:
- transversal shoulder drains;
- continuous draining layer;
- longitudinal drain under the road shoulder.
37.2. The transversal shoulder drains are 25...30 cm thick and 30...50 cm deep
at a distance of 10...20 m depending on the longitudinal gradient of the road.
The longitudinal gradient of these drains is 3...5% and it is normal on the road
axis, when the road longitudinal gradient is below 2% and the downward tilt is about
60 degrees if the gradient is over 2%.
37.3. The continuous draining layer is 15 cm thick up to the slope. It is
recommended especially for roads with more than 2 lanes.
37.4. The water discharging from the transversal shoulder drains or from the
continuous draining layer through the road slopes shall be made at least 15 cm above
the ditch bottom or in fills 15 cm above the ground or above the level of water staying
in the area.
37.5. In fills of non-cohesive or permeable soil, water evacuation from road
corpus is not necessary.
 49

37.6. Longitudinal drains under road shoulder or under gutters are necessary in
cutting profiles or in profiles at groaund level where there is no water outlet possibility
away from ditches.
In this case, the bottom layer of the foundation shall be extended up to the
drain and the longitudinal gradient shall be of minimum 0.3%.

ART.38. ROAD SHOULDER DRAIN

38.1. After the construction of the foundation layer and the completion of the
road shoulder with earth to foundation level, before rolling, digging is performed in
the road shoulder at the dimensions, the inclination as to axes, the gradient and
distances between them as per item 37.2.
The earth will be removed outside the road territory and the draining material
of ballst 0-71 shall be laid instead, providing the continuity of the granular material
and the connection with the bottom level of the foundation.
38.2. The foundation shall be rolled together with the road shoulders and
drains the outlets of which should be at least 15 cm higher than the level of the ditch.

ART.39. CONSTRUCTION OF CONTINUOUS DRAINING LAYER

This construction is performed at the same time with the bottom layer of the
foundation, according to the General Provisions of these Technical Specifications.

ART.40. CONSTRUCTION OF LONGITUDINAL DRAIN UNDER

ROAD SHOULDER OR GUTTER
40.1. The excavation for the drain may be manual or mechanical.
In case of manual digging, the drain width depends on the depth, as follows:
- for H = 1.00 - 1.50 width = 0.60 m
 50

- for H = 1.50 - 2.00 width = 0.80 m

- for H = 2.00 - 4.00 width = 1.20 m.
In case of mechanical excavation, the drain width depends on the bucket
width, but it is minimum 25 m.
40.2. In case of hand digging, the drains are made on sections 4-6 m long
starting from downstream to upstream and shall be properly propped, continually
securing the outlet of the collected water. Construction of next section shall start
after the previous section has been filled with the draining material at least half of its
depth.
40.3. For mechanically excavated drains it is necessary to coordinate the
excavation and the filling, so that the excavation should not stay open for a long
time.
40.4. Excavation shall be performed with vertical slope, without props down to:
- 1.00 m in dry plastic soil and consolidated sand;
- 1.50 m in dry soil.
When excavation depth exceeds these values, props or slopes shall be
provided.
40.5. Open excavation is prohibited. The drains must be filled as soon as the
digging reached the necessary level.
40.6. The cutting soil shall be removed farther than 0.50 m away from the
excavation.
40.7. According to the recommended design solution, either a rigid raft of
BC7.5 concrete shall be provided at the design level that may have a longitudinal
gradient of 0.2- 10%, or an elastic raft by toe ground compaction or ballast
compaction, with longitudinal gradient not more than that of the unprotected ditches
and gutters.
 51

40.8. On the prepared bed, the drain piping is laid, either of PVC with sole and
perforations of 80-150 mm diameter, or the corrugated perforated PVC piping having
the diameter of 65-150 mm in compliance with the design provisions.
40.9. The filling with draining material, ballast, and gravel is performed
mechanically or directly by dumping. The draining corpus is performed by
compaction in layers 30...40 cm thick and the props, if any, are dismantled
simultaneously.
40.10. It is forbidden to interrupt the works in phases when executed
constructions, soil stability or stability of neighbouring constructions are affected.
40.11. In case of mechanical excavations, the dig and fill works have to
succeede each other, so that no excavation works should be left open at the end of
the working day.
40.12. The drain may be covered by a lining of rubble or boulders with cement
grout, as well as by a lining of cast in place or precast concrete slabs.

CHAPTER XV
SEWAGE

ART.41. EXCAVATION WORKS

41.1. The excavation shall be made with vertical walls, the trench having the
width equal to the exterior pipe diameter, plus 0.25 m on each side.
41.2. The excavation bottom must by carefully performed to the designed level
and compacted, if necessary, so that the dry soil density should reach 95% of the
Standard Proctor optimal dry density.
41.3. Rocky banks found in trenches shall be broken and brought to a level of
at least 10cm under the excavation bottom and replaced with fine earth, sand or
ballast on this thickness.
 52

ART.42. CONSTRUCTION OF CHANNELS, DRAIN OUTLETS AND

MANHOLES
42.1. The pipes should be placed carefully in trenches end to end, aligning
them, using temporary wood slabs. Temporary wedging by stones is not admitted.
42.2. The pipes shall be laid starting from downstream, properly aligned and
with a regular gradient, observing the design. The pipe sockets, if any, shall be
directed upstream.
42.3. The pipes will be laid on a sand bed at least 10 cm thick. The circular
pipes connection by half lap joints is made by means of a ring at least 5 cm thick, with
reinforcing steel cage and cast in place into the mold. In situ grouting is used.
42.4. The trench filling shall start only with the Engineers approval. This fill
will be made up to 20 cm over the pipe with screened gravel, carefully compacted on
the flanks of the pipe. Above, the fill will be made of material with maximum 60 mm
grading in successive layers 0.2 m thick, carefully compacted, so that they reach the
95% Standard Proctor dry density.
42.5. During the execution of discharge outlets and manholes, their design
position, raft level and the connection level must be observed.
42.6. The upper plate concrete of the drainage outlet will be class C 8/10
weakly reinforced.
42.7. The drainage outlets will be laid on a levelling concrete layer 10 cm thick,
class C 28/35 at least 10 cm larger around the drainage outlet bottom.
42.8. The drain trap elements having a single grating will be mounted using
cement mortar M 50.
42.9. For the manholes, the joining of the precast concrete pipes is provided
using cement grout M50.
 53

42.10. The manhole bottom shall be plastered and cement washed with cement
grout M 50 3 cm thick and shall keep on the shape and gradient of the channel.
42.11. The holes for the stair steps will be provided on the whole thickness of
the wall, taking care to avoid pipe damage.
The steps fixing will be made with cement grout M 100, properly pressed.
42.12. For the connection of the manhole to the ground level, concrete
Bc 6/7.5 shall be cast in place. On the last 20 cm, a thickening is provided for the
mounting of the cover in compliance with the working details. The concrete
spreading shall be made by means of a metallic casing mounted on the pipe.

CHAPTER XVI
PRECAST KERBS AND GUTTERS

ART.43. KERB MOUNTING

43.1. The excavation width shall be equal to the kerb width plus 0.2 m.
43.2. The excavation bottom shall be carefully brought to the design level and
it is compacted, if necessary, to reach 95% of standard Proctor optimum density.
In the case of deeper excavation than the prescribed level, the Contractor has
to compensate the level difference by increasing the thickness of the kerb and gutter
foundation. If the kerbs lay on sand bed, the necessary additional sand must be
properly tamped.
The Special Technical Specifications or the Engineer state the conditions for
the temporary earth deposit, reuse or removal of the excavated earth.
43.3. The precast kerbs and gutters shall be mounted on a sand or concrete
foundation minimum 10 cm thick.
The Technical Special Specifications or the working drawings state the
foundation type and size, as well as the possible support element of the kerb and the
device for infiltration water discharge from the road corpus.
 54

43.4. The joints shall be max 2 cm thick and they shall be jointed with grout M
50.
43.5. The precast kerbs and the gutters must be laid observing the level, the
alignment and gradient values as instructed by the working drawings.
43.6. The accepted deviation at the installation of the kerbs and gutters shall
be less then 5 mm against the levels stated in the relevant cross sections and in the
longitudinal profile.

CHAPTER XVII
TESTING AND CHECKING

ART.44. QUALITY CONTROL AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

Irrespective of the information preliminary testing and formula preparation
tests concerning the quality of the construction materials, which are the subject of
item 16 hereinbefore, the following tests are compulsory:

A. PRELIMINARY INFORMATION TESTING

These tests include concrete composition analysis, as well as survey tests and
must be made before the beginning of concrete manufacturing.

B. QUALITY CONTROL TESTS

The quality control tests are made during the works, at the frequency stated in
Table 33 and may be completed by the Special Technical Specifications provisions.

C. CONTROL TESTS FOR WORKS ACCEPTANCE

The acceptance control tests are made either at the end of a certain stage of
works or at the preliminary acceptance, in the conditions of the Table 33, completed
by the Special Technical Specifications provisions.
 55

Table 33
Construction works Testing Control category Frequency
A B C
- Analysis of mix formula - For concrete
Concrete > C 8/10 - Compression testing class > C 8/10
- Tensile testing - On parts of works
Concrete < C 8/10 - Compression testing - On parts of works at
- Plasticity testing Engineers request
Formworks - Control of location and stability - Before concreting of
each item
Reinforcement - Reinforcemnt position control - Before concreting of
each work item
- Control of size and tolerance
Concrete, rubble or adequacy - Per each work item
boulder masonry - Control of visible facet finishing
Protection works of - Location of works
ditches, gutters and - Size and quality of works - Per each work item
side ditches on - Longitudinal profile, section and
slopes protection thickness
Transversal - Location and grading
drains at road - Size - Per each work item
shoulders - Water outlet to the ditch
- Location
- Raft level
Longitudinal - Correct filter execution - Per each work item
drains - Location of manholes
- Operation control
- Amplasament
- Cotele radierului
Sewage - Correct laying of pipes and
joining adequacy - Per each work item
- Correct execution of filling
- Correct location and
construction of outlets and
manholes
- Connection of outlets to the
sewage
- Operation control
- Location
Sidewalk kerbs - Foundation adequacy - Per each work item
- Level observance

A: Preliminary information testing

B: Quality control testing
C: Works acceptance testing
 56

CHAPTER XVIII
ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

The works for the drainage and outlet of surface water shall be submitted, as a
rule, to preliminary and final acceptance procedures. The hidden works, which must
be subject to control and acceptance before proceeding to the following stage of the
works, such as drainage, sewage, etc., should be checked for acceptance at
determined stage also.

ART.45. PARTIAL ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

45.1. During the partial acceptance of works at determined stage (hidden
works acceptance) the construction element to be accepted shall be checked for
adequacy to the design instructions the working drawings, and by these Technical
Specifications.
45.2. After verifications, an acceptance report is concluded for determined
stage, in which the possibility to pass to the next execution stage is certified.
45.3. Partial acceptance is made by the Engineer and Constructor. The
acceptance report shall be drawn up at the end of acceptance and signed off by both
parties.
45.4. The partial acceptance shall be made at the following work phases:
a. For drains:
- manhole marking and location;
- digging at specified level;
- raft execution and laying of the drainage pipe;
- execution of drainage fill.
b. For sewage:
- channel marking and location of drainage outlets and manholes;
- digging at specified level for channel and manholes;
- laying and joining of pipes;
57
 58

- execution of drainage outlet and manhole raft;

- execution of compacted filling per each meter of height and final level filling
c. For concrete and masonry works: reinforced ditches, lined ditches, fall
chambers, etc.
- marking;
- level digging;
- formwork execution;
- reinforcement mounting.
d. Transversal drains at road shoulders
- execution.
45.4. The register of reports for partial acceptance of works shall be made
available to the control staff and to the committee of preliminary or final acceptance.

ART.46. PRELIMINARY ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

46.1. At the end of the works or of parts of the works, these are submitted to
preliminary acceptance for checking:
- adequacy to the provisions under these Technical Specifications, under the
Special Technical Specifications and the execution design;
- if all the verifications instructed under these Technical Specifications have
been applied;
- if determined stage acceptance procedures have been fulfilled; checking the
relevant report results;
- the technical and quality conditions of the construction works, and the results
reported during the execution by the control staff (Employer, Enginer, etc.).
As a result of this acceptance procedure, the preliminary acceptance report is
concluded, comprising the possible necessary remedies, their execution terms and
recommendations concerning the way of keeping under control deviations from the
provisions of these Technical Specifiaions.
 59

ART.47. FINAL ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

At final acceptance of works, the behaviour of works during the guarantee
period shall be recorded, as well as the operating performance and maintenance
adequacy.
 60

ANNEX

GENERAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

SURFACE WATER OUTFALL AND DRAINAGE WORKS

STANDARD REFERENCES

I. NORMATIVE DOCUMENTS

Order of Ministry of Transport/ - Methodological norms regarding traffic

Internal Affairs Ministry no. closure conditions and specifications of traffic
411/1112/2000 published in restrictions for works execution in the area of
Official Monitory 397/24.08.2000 public roads and / or for road protection.

NGPM/1996 - General norms of labor protection.

NSPM no. 79/1998 - Norms concerning exploitation and

maintenance of roads and bridges.

Order of Ministry of Internal - Norms of fire prevention, fire fighting, and

Affairs no. 775/1998 fire extinction equipment.

NAR Order no.116/1999 - Specific labor protection instructions for

maintenance, repair and exploitation of roads
and bridges.

II. TECHNICAL NORMATIVES

NE 012-99 - Code of practice for construction works of

concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed
concrete.
 61

III. STANDARDS

SR 183-1:1995 - Road works. Cement concrete pavement in

fixed framework. Technical quality provisions.

SR 183-2:1998 - Road works. Cement concrete pavement in

sliding framework. Technical quality
provisions.

SR EN 196-1:1995 - Cement testing methods. Part 1: Determining

mechanical resistance.

SR EN 196-2:1995 - Cement testing methods. Part 2: Chemical

analysis of cement.

SR EN 196-3:1995 +
+ SR EN 196-3:1995/AC:1997 - Cement testing methods. Part 3: Determining
setting time and stability.

SR EN 196-6:1994 - Cement testing methods. Grading

determination.

SR EN 196-7:1995 - Cement testing methods. Sampling and test

specimen preparation.

SR 227-2:1994 - Cement. Physical testing. Determining

crushing fineness by screening on 100 g test
specimen.

SR 388:1995 - Portland cement.

STAS 438/1-89 - Concrete reinforcement steel products. Hot

rolled concrete steel. Marks and technical
quality provisions.

SR EN 459-2:1997 - Lime. Part 2. Testing methods.

STAS 539-79 - Limestone filler, chalk filler and powder slaked

lime filler.
 62

SR 648:1996 - Coarse flyashes used in cement industry.

SR 667:2001 - Natural aggregates and crushed stone for road

works. Technical quality provisions.

STAS 790-84 - Concrete and grout water.

SR EN 933-2:1998 - Determination testing of aggregates geometry.

Part 2: Granulometric analysis. Control sieves,
rated mesh size.

SR EN 1097-1:1998 - Determination testing of physical and

mechanical characteristics of aggregates. Part1:
Determination of wear resistance (micro-
Deval).

STAS 1275-88 - Concrete testing. Hard concrete testing.

Mechanical resistance determination.

STAS 6400-84 - Road works. Road base and sub-base. General

technical quality provisions.

STAS 10796/1-77 - Related construction works for water

collection and discharge. General design
provisions.

STAS 10796/2-79 - Related construction works for water

collection and discharge, gutters, ditches and
side ditches on slopes. Design and construction
provisions.

STAS 10796/3-88 - Water collection works. Drainage. Design and

location provisions.