SCIENCE~~~~~~~~~~---A

NEW SERIES FRIDAY OCTOBER 27 1939 SuBSCRIPTION, $6.00

VOL. 90, No. 2339 R O SINGLE COPIES, .15

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PORCEELAIN
Modern laboratory technique re-
quires porcelain ware in which high
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quirements are characteristics of
"COORS" brand porcelain ware.
Coors Porcelain Ware is subjected
to two firings in modern continuous
tunnel kilns which insure uniform-
ity. Close control is given to all
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mining of the raw materials to the
ultimate inspection of the finished
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Everything entering into the Coors
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NEW CATALOG, NO. 1939
SENT ON REQUEST

EIMER & AMEND

205-223 THIRD AVENUE, NEW YORK

Fn1ter-ed aS 8eeond-e7las matter Jully 18, 1923, at the Po8t Office at Ijanea8ter, Pa., under the Act of March 8, 1879.
22 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
VOL. 90, NO. 2339
VOL. 90, No. 2339~~~

Hugh Minler's
CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF
WASHINGTON
History and Science Is a research organization working in many
A Study of the Relation of Historical felds. Its monographic publications are placed
and Theoretical Knowledge in the principal libraries of the world. Copies
can be purchased at nominal cost.
These publications comprise studies in the
An important contribution to current following fields:
philosophical controversy. The auth- ARCHAOLOGY HISTORY
or's theme is that theory and history ANTHROPOLOGY LITERATURE
are everywhere two complementary ap- ASTRONOMY MATHEMATICS
proaches to natural knowledge and that BIOLOGY NUTRITION
each is -equally of general application. BOTANY PALEONTOLOGY
CHEMISTRY PALEOGRAPHY
ECOLOGY PHILOLOGY
Price, cloth, $2.00 ECONOMICS PHYSICS
EMBRYOLOGY TERRESTRIAL
GENETICS MAGNETISM
Order through your bookseller, GEOLOGY ZOOLOGY
or direct from
Descriptiv6e Iwt with prices may be obtained
THE by addressing
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
BERKELEY :: CALIFORNIA CARNEGIE INSTITUTION ef WASHINGTON
L WASHINGTON, D. C., U.S.A.

STAIN TECHNOLOGY
Volume 15 1940
is the official organ of the
STAIN TECHNOLOGY COMMISSION ON STANDARDIZATION OF
BIOLOGICAL STAINS
A JOURNAL FOR MICROTECHNIC
Subscription price $2.2 5 per year
QUARTERLY
BACK NUMBERS AVAILABLE AT
CONTENTS FOLLOWING RATES:
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Microscopic Technic $ 3. 5 0 each for volumes 1 and 1 1
Nature and Uses of Biological Stains $2.75 for volumes 4, 10, 12
New Staining Methods
LABORATORY HINTS FROM THE
$2.2 5 for other volumes
LITERATURE
$33.00 for vols. 1-14 (if cash
accompanies the order)
Published by
BIOTECH PUBLICATIONS Note: Biotech Publications was formerly the
Box 299, Geneva, N. Y. Book Service of the Biological Stain Commission,
which has been publishing this journal for 14 years.
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OCTOBERW 27, 1939
OCTOBER 27, 1939 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 33

to .ee - eae'et
w;dA t4e w te
Spencer Quebec Colony Counter
Greater accuracy, greater efficiency and increased comfort are
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The eye readily detects the colonies, which glow brightly
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Woliffhuegel, Stewart & Jeffer plates may be used under the
Petri dish.
Complete with counting plate .$30.00
Consult your laboratory supply dealer
or write Dept. X2 for complete details

Spencer Lens Company

MICROSCOPES REFRACTOMETERS
MICROTOMES I COLORIMETERS
PHOTOMICROGRAPHIC IuIirrALOI SPECTROMETERS
EQUIPMENT A. PROJECTORS
4 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 90, NO. 2339
4 CEC-AV TIEETVO.9,N.23

By actual measure
"BRIGHTLINE" RE P L I C A
GRATINGS
Produced from matrices made by R. W. WOOD of Johns
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Grade "A" (14,440 lines) will separate the sodium "D"
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Grade "A" (4,800 lines) will separate "D" lines under
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Grade "B" less perfect than grade "A" but still capable
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All replicas except the elementary grade are supplied in
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WlRlIITE FOR COM1PLETE LISTING
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.OCToBzR 27, 1939
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS -5
OCOE 27 99SINEAVRIEET

N w . LOW PRICED
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the opening of our new

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PolychromefElliot $3.95 * The design, substantial construc-

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volving weighings up to 250 grams.
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Agate bearings and knife edges
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A new answer to an old problem
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..................................... I.......I...........I......I.... 1.41 ....
66 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
VOL.
VOL.
90,
90,
No. 2339
No. 2339

B&L ACCESSORIES ADD TO YOUR

I A .BALOPTICON'S ADAPTABILITY

THE B&L FILM PROJEC-

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B&L Accessories complement the usefulness and

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400 SCIENCE VOL. 90, No. 2339

of limited quantity is to be analyzed, the apparatus

can be clamped shut at the proper moment. A tuning
fork whose frequency of vibration per second is 512 is
placed over the upper end of the tube. By striking the
tuning fork and raising and lowering the column of
water, points of resonance (accentuation of the hum
of the tuning fork) are found. The distance between
two adjacent points of resonance is half of one wave-
length. This distance times two, multiplied by 512
(the frequency of vibration of the tuning fork) equals
the velocity of sound per second. A small correction,
which is rarely significant, is made in the velocity
for variation in laboratory temperature (Table 1);
TABLE 1
CORRECTION OF VELOCITY OW SOUND FOR VARIATIONS OF
TEMPERATURE FROM 240 C

Velocity of
sound, meters
per second to 650 750 850 900 and over
1' C. equals
(meters per
second) ±0.5 ±0.14 ±0.3 special correc-
tions (see be-
Add or subtract low)
with rise in
temperature subtract subtract add add
Special corrections for velocities of 900 meters per second and
over: 0 10 20 30 40 S0 60 X10 80 900 oo HQlium
180 C. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 100 90 80 70 60 S0 40 30 £0 10 O Nitrogm
-4.1 -3.6 -3.0 -2.4 -1.7 -0.9 0.0 +1.1 +2.2 +3.5 +5.0 +6.7 +8.5 VolumQ % in (100-% 2O)
"-" indicates substraction for correction to 240 C.; "+" FIG. 2. Chart showing the velocity of sound at 240 C.
Indicates addition.
in mixtures of helium, oxygen and nitrogen, saturated
with water vapor.
changes in the temperature affect the velocity by
changing the density of the gases and by changing the proximately ± 0.5 per cent. (range of variability) and
amount of water vapor in the mixture. to determine the percentages of helium and nitrogen in
The formula for the velocity of sound in a gas is the whole mixture with an accuracy of approximately
± 1.0 per cent. (range of variability). The apparatus
V- IYPd' and method are intended for practical use in medicine
where or industry where this degree of accuracy is satisfac-
V=velocity of sound in centimeters per second; tory. The apparatus is inexpensive, mobile, simple
y = Cp/Cv = ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to and easy to use.
that at constant volume (y for oxygen is WILLIAM B. DUBLIN
1.401; for nitrogen it is 1.404; for helium it
is 1.66); WALTER M. BOOTHBY
P = pressure in dynes per square centimeter; and MARViIN M. D. WILLIMS
d = weight of gas in grams per cubic centimeter. THE MAYO CLINIC
A chart (Fig. 2) has been constructed on the basis
of computation of the theoretical velocity of sound BOOKS RECEIVED
for many different mixtures of helium, oxygen and ARNOW, L. EARLE. An Introduction to Physiological
nitrogen. In using the chart one can read horizontally and Pathological Chemistry. Pp. 555. 143 figures.
Mosby. $3.50.
from the experimentally determined velocity of sound, CHARLES, BROTHER H. Biology. Pp. viii + 408. Illus-
corrected for temperature, to the determined percent- trated. Bruce. $1.72.
age of oxygen, which may have to be interpolated, EALES, N. B. The Littoral Fauna of Great Britain; a
Handbook for Collectors. Pp. xvi + 301. 24 plates.
thence vertically to the percentages of helium and Cambridge University Press, Macmillan. $3.50.
nitrogen in that portion of the gas remaining after EDDY, SAMUEL, CLARENCE P. OLIVER and JOHN P. TURNER.
Guide to the Study of the Anatomy of the Shark, the
deducting the oxygen. In practice, a large-sized Necturus and the Cat. Pp. vii + 100. 15 figures.
replica of Fig. 2 on graph paper is used. Wiley. $1.50.
No attempt has been made to control all the sources PARKER, JOHN B. and JOHN J. CLARKE. An Introduc-
tion to Animal Biology. Pp. 503. 163 figures. Mosby.
of error, most of which are small and may offset one $3.75.
another. It is possible to determine the velocity of WHITEFORD, G. H. and R. G. COFFIN. Essentials of Col-
sound with our apparatus with an accuracy of ap- lege Chemistry. Second edition. Pp. 534. Illus-
trated. Mosby.
OCTOiBER 27, 1939
OCOE 7 93 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
CEC-DVRIEET
-Alew ok
THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF THE MINKOWSKI
GEOMETRY OF
NUMBERS
By Harris Hancock
Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, University of Cincinnati
In this new volume, a sequel to his "Foundations
of the Theory of Algebraic Numbers," Professor
Hancock again makes an important and original
contribution to mathematics. He uses the the-
orems of Minkowski to develop and clarify the re-
lationships between the number theory, intuitive
geometry, and the theory of functions, and to show
how studies in algebra, geometry, and arithmetic
are harmoniously interrelated. By thus making use
of the concepts of geometry he is able to broaden
the substructures of the generalized realms that are
founded on algebra, numbers, and geometry; and
ascertains further the teleological nature of such
realms. "Minkowski came to his theorems through
special intuitions," writes the author in a Preface.
"Due to the limitations of a manifold in three di-
mensions he presented his theory in a purely analy-
tical manner. Thus while he was able to treat
manifolds in any order, his work is far more diffi-
cult of comprehension than if he had first derived
his results in a two or three dimensional geometry
with illustrative figures, and then presented the
general theory analytically with the use of expres-
sions indicative of geometric concepts. From this
standpoint I have given the entire theory."
864 pages
$12.00
,/lvemiemllant
-~~~~mt
7
A SHORT
HISTORY OF
SCIENCE
By W. T. Sedgwick
Late Professor and Head of the Department of Biology, Masse-
chusetts Institute of Technology
and H. W. Tyler
Late Professor and Head of the Department of Mathematics,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Revised by H. W. Tyler and R. P. Bigelow
Professor Emeritus
Technology
of Zoology, Massachusetts Institute of
The Sedgwick and Tyler History of Science has
been for years the standard college text for orien-
tation courses in the sciences. The present exten-
sive and thorough revision brings the book up to
date. It now contains the complete story of sci-
entific development from the number systems and
early astronomical notions of ancient Islam to our
twentieth century conceptions of the behavior of
atoms and hormones. Throughout the book the
progress of scientific methods as well as of concepts
is traced, and an equitable treatment is given to all
branches of science, both biological and physical.
For anyone seeking a clearly understandable, well
balanced knowledge of the historical background
of modern science, this book is a preeminently
satisfactory answer.
To be ready in November. Illustrated.
c.510 pages. $3.75 (probable).
..1
Z-0
/le' w. ok
 99
OCTOBBM 27, 1939 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
OCTOBER 27, 1939 SOIENOE-AIJVERTISEMENTS

McGraw-Hill Books in Photography

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