Page

Lesson 17 Im not afraid of it ...............................5

Lesson 18 A friendly and playful dog ......................11

Lesson 19 Im proud of myself! .............................17

Lesson 20 Two of a kind ........................................23

Lesson 21 Cold comfort ........................................ 29

Titles book 2B
Lesson 22 I had no idea ......................................35

Lesson 23 Madame Tussaudsmuseum ....................43

Lesson 24 Emergencies .........................................49

Lesson 25 If you are in love, youll lose your head ..55

Lesson 26 Electoral promises .................................61

Lesson 27 A sick planet .........................................67

Lesson 28 Someone who always cheers me up ........73

 Page

Lesson 17 Im not afraid of it ................................81

Lesson 18 A friendly and playful dog .......................85

Lesson 19 Im proud of myself! ..............................89

Lesson 20 Two of a kind ........................................93

Lesson 21 Cold comfort .........................................97

Titles workbook 2B
Lesson 22 I had no idea .......................................101

Lesson 23 Madame Tussaudsmuseum ....................105

Lesson 24 Emergencies..........................................109

Lesson 25 If youre in love, you lose your head .......113

Lesson 26 Electoral promises .................................117

Lesson 27 A sick planet ..........................................121

Lesson 28 Someone who cheers me up ...................125

 CONTENTS BOOK 2B
Lesson Grammar Vocabulary Reading Page

LESSON 17: Adjective endings Emotions Im not afraid

IM NOT AFRAID Be + adjective + of it 5
OF IT preposition

LESSON 18: Possessive adjectives Materials A friendly and

A FRIENDLY Adjectives word order playful dog
AND PLAYFUL Demonstrative 11
DOG pronouns: one/ones

LESSON 19: Reflexive pronouns Feelings Im proud of

IM PROUD OF Pronouns and myself! 17
MYSELF! possessive adjectives

LESSON 20: Agreements: Places for Two of a kind

TWO OF A KIND Additions (so / too) entertainment 23
Agreements:
Additions (neither /
nor / either)

Defining relative Facilities

LESSON 21: Cold comfort
clauses
COLD COMFORT
Causative 29

LESSON 22: Non- defining Describing I had no idea

I HAD NO IDEA relative clauses personality 35
Subject relative
pronouns
 CONTENTS BOOK 2B
Lesson Grammar Vocabulary Reading Page

LESSON 23: Auxiliary verbs Celebrities Madame

MADAME Tag questions Tussauds 41
TUSSAUDS museum
MUSEUM

LESSON 24: Zero conditional Phrasal verbs Emergencies

47
EMERGENCIES

Future tenses
LESSON 25: (Review) Superstitions If youre in
IF YOURE IN First conditional: love youll lose 53
LOVE, YOU LOSE if + present verb, your head!
YOUR HEAD! future verb

LESSON 26: Unless / Wish Common wishes Electoral

ELECTORAL promises 59
PROMISES

LESSON 27: Adverbs of quantity World problems A sick planet

A SICK PLANET Comparison of 65
adverbs

LESSON 28: Phrasal verbs: More phrasal verbs Someone who

SOMEONES WHO Transitives cheers me up
Phrasal verbs:
71
CHEERS ME UP
Intransitives and
Three-word verbs
 LESSON
17
I'm not afraid of it
1
BEFORE
YOU ST
ART
A. Pair work. Discuss those questions with your partner.

1. Does work or study sometimes cause you stress?

2. How does stress affect you?

B. Read the following article.

Are you stressed?

Psychologists and doctors have begun to study the problem of stress more closely. Three
quarters of the office workers today say they suffer from stress at work.

Specialists have discovered that the most stressful professions are those that involve
danger and extreme pressure. Also the ones that carry a lot of responsability.

The signs of stress range from nervousness, anger, and frequent illness to forgetful-
ness. Some warning signs of stress are intestinal distress, frequent illness, persistent
fatigue, nail biting, hunger of sweets a nd lack of concentration.

The best way to deal with stress is through relaxation but sometimes the only answer is
to fight back or walk away.

E
G
G
- range - forgetfulness
- anger - distress

A. Answer the following questions.

1. What are some jobs that often produce stress?
2. Do you show any of the warning signs when you are stressed?
3. How else do people react to stress?
4. Which are some ways to deal with stress?
5
LESSON
17

Adjective endings

To explain how someone feels * To describe an activity *

I'm bored I think basketball is boring

The students were confused The explanation was confusing

*See Appendix Spelling rules

A. Choose the correct adjectives.

1. I hate this song it's so bored / boring.
2. Mrs. Torres' class was quite interested / interesting.
3. When the police officers arrived I was really surprised / surprising.
4. Your project is excellent. The teacher is fascinated / fascinating.
5. In London, there are many streets with the same name and it's very confused /
confusing.
6. It's been a terrible week for Sandro. He was really disappointed / disappointing.

A visit to a museum

A. Alvaro and Gabriel are talking about their visit to a museum.

Practice with a partner.
Alvaro : Hey Gab. How did you spend your
birthday? Did you go to the museum with the
class?
Gabriel: Yeah. It was really interesting.
Alvaro : Oh, really? The museum never sounds like fun.
Gabriel: No, I mean it! We were specially interested in
the Jurassic area.There were amazing dinosaurs.
Alvaro : Did anybody remember your birthday?
Gabriel : Of course! They surprised me. All the students,
including the teacher, were singing happy
birthday.
Alvaro : I'm glad to hear that.
Gabriel : So, it's a deal! We're going to the movies.
Silvia : All right! But it's my treat this time.

6
 LESSON
17

A. Look at this scene of a crowded restaurant. Choose one situation and role play a
conversation with your classmates. Use some of the adjectives below.

- embarrasing/embarrased - interesting/interested - surprised/surprising

- confusing/confused - tiring/tired - bored/boring

Situation 1:
A: Well, you're a great friend for us
B: Yes, we want to give you something you really wanted.
C: Wow! A Joaquin Sabina's concert! I'm very surprised.
This is the most surprising night in my life.
A: Well, that's not all...

7
LESSON
17

Be + adjective + preposition

good at ; afraid of ; interested in

be + adjective + preposition + activity-ing be + adjective + preposition + noun

I'm good at solving math exercises. I'm good at math.

He's afraid of failing an exam. He's afraid of exams.
They're interested in learning music. They're interested in music.

A. Write sentences using the words given.

1. She / good at / swimming
______________________________________________________________

2. He / interested in / new languages

______________________________________________________________

3. They / good at / history

______________________________________________________________

4. I / afraid of / darkness
______________________________________________________________

5. We / interested in / working together

______________________________________________________________

B. Complete the sentences with your own information.

1. I'm good at ..............................................................................
2. I'm afraid of .............................................................................
3. I'm interested in .......................................................................

Emotions

A. What emotions is this person communicating with her facial expressions?

Match each picture with the emotion pictures.
She looks ...
a. amazed
b. irritated
c. disgusted
d. ashamed
e. confused
f. excited
g. horrified
h. interested

8
 LESSON
17

B. Pairwork. Take turns acting out the emotions in part A. Your partner tries to guess
what you're trying to communicate. Use some of these ideas if you want:

Use ing form

That's embarrasing

Disagreement with feelings

- I'm not really good at math Oh, I am!

- I'm interested in reading Gee, I'm not!

- We're interested in western movies Really? I can't stand them!

- I'm very ashamed!! Oh, I don't mind.

Disagreement with feelings

9
LESSON
17

1. Look at these sentences. Write ( C) 3. Fill in the sentences with adjectives

from the box.
when the sentence is correct or (IC)
- amazed - horrified
when it is not correct. Rewrite the - ashamed - confused
incorrect ones. - irritated - excited

a. Someone phones you at 3:00 a.m. You

a. She's very interesting in the lesson ( ) are _____. You want to sleep!
b. My mom heard a strange noise last
__________________________ night. She was really________.
b.The lessons are always bored for students ( ) c. I arrived late home yesterday Dad
was very ________.
__________________________ d. My sister got 20 on her final exam. She's
c.Mom is often boring at her job. ( ) ________ about it.
e. The boy I like was looking at me. I was
__________________________ _________.
d.My family makes amazing vacation plans. ( ) f. The streets names' in my city are
numbers. I was ________ when I was
__________________________ walking.
4. Write the name of the subject, book or TV
program that you think is :
2. Complete these sentences with your
own information. Use (not) afraid of , a. amazing _____________
b. boring ______________
(not) interested in , ( not) good at .
c. confusing ______________
d. disgusting ______________

a. I ___________ ghosts and witches.

b. My parents ______________ listening to

me .

c. My classmates and I ___________

Look at the differences.
keeping silence. verb adj.
I'm not boring her. That class is boring.
d. I think I _______________ English.
Your dad amazed We were amazed!
e. My best friend ___________ fashion or me with his show.

sports things. It annoys me to He was annoyed

see him. with my attitude.
f. I think I ________ exams.

10
 LESSON
18
A friendly and playful dog
1
BEFORE
YOU ST
ART
A. Many people think pitbulls are aggressive dogs. What about you? Read the true story
about the fearful American Pitbull Terrier.

Originating during the 19 century, the American

th

Pitbull Terrier was noted for having the gameness*

of a Terrier and the athletic abilities and strength of
a Bulldog. Their versatile talents made them a
favorite of farmers and ranchers. They were used
as protection, livestock driving, and family
companions.

This powerful, medium, muscular, multicolored

dog is frequently referred to as great warrior.
* gameness = playfulness
This breed exhibits strength, courage, agility and
grace. Despite that is considered to be a dangerous dog for people, it is a friendly, extremely loyal,
deeply devoted, affectionate, intelligent, and good-natured dog. They will get along with other
dogs they have been raised with and with older children.

If you get a pitbull, you'll have to give an intensive and an early socialization and an obedience
training. Your dog will require a lot of exercise to keep them happy such as leashed walks, hiking
and mountain-biking. Your dog will need a lot of attention and stimulation, too.

B. Find out the following words or phrases in the text. (#) = paragraph number.

1. A person who works and lives on a farm (n) _____________________________________ (1)

2. A group of animals kept on a farm (n) _________________________________________ (1)
3. A kind or class of animal developed under the influence of a man (n) __________________ (2)
4. To have a friendly relationship (v) ______________________________________________ (2)
5. Taking your dog for a walk using a collar (n)______________________________________ (3)

C. Read the text again and underline all the adjectives in the reading. Tell them to the class.

11
LESSON
18
B. Write true (T) or false (F) about the reading.

1. Pitbulls were favorite dogs for farmers. ( )

2. People say the American Pitbull Terrier is a dangerous breed. ( )

3. They don't get along with other dogs and older children. ( )

4. They don't like leashed walks and don't need early socialization. ( )

Possessive adjectives

Possessive adjective indicate possession.

Subject Possessive adjective
I my - The possessive adjective its is used for
You your animals or things.
He his
She drove her car. The dog broke its toys.
We our
You your
They their - Their is used for people, animals or things.

A. Fill in the blanks. Put the correct possessive adjective in each sentence.

1. Lucia has lost _____________ keys in the restaurant this week.

2. Guillermo is Camila's father. She is __________ daughter.
3. Janet and you write to __________ relatives in Madrid every month.
4. We are waiting for __________ flight to Portugal.
5. Rocio lives with ___________ parents in Brazil.
6. My name is Facundo and this is __________ little sister Natalia.
7. All the students are going to take ___________ exams in two weeks.
8. Wow! That song is beautiful! Please, tell me ___________ name.
9. Patty and I have already bought _____________ tickets for the concert.
10. Please, don't put _______________ briefcase on the coffee table.

12
 LESSON
18

Adjectives word order (OSASHCOMP)

Adjectives describe a noun and are used before a noun. They have the same form for singular and plural.
They are separated with a comma when there are two or more in front of a noun and they are placed in the
following order.

OPINION SIZE AGE SHAPE (TEMPERATURE) COLOR ORIGIN MATERIAL PURPOSE NOUN

a small, round, pink, Chinese, porcelain box.

an old, black, leather, soccer ball.

an angry, short, young, English librarian.

a lovely, large, new, square, warm, blue, American, swimming pool.

* When they are the same category, you link them with 'and .'

A. Put these adjectives in their usual order before the noun.

Use commas.

1. ugly / plastic / new / yellow / bag / an

__________________________________________________________________________
2. cotton / a / pink / dress / white / long
__________________________________________________________________________
3. village / old / beautiful / small / a / Peruvian
__________________________________________________________________________
4. wonderful / winding / a / road / country / long
__________________________________________________________________________

I prefer the red one

A. Mia and Silvia are going shopping. Practice with a partner.

Silvia: Come on Mia! It's late!

Mia: I know but these dresses are beautiful! Help
me! Which one do you prefer?
Silvia: Ummm. I prefer the red one. It's nicer.
Mia: Yeah, you're right! I'll get it. Now, choose!
Which shoes? The red ones or the white ones?
Silvia: Ummm. The white ones. You can wear them
with your white leather purse and your new red dress.
Mia: Oh, my little cousin, you are the best!

13
LESSON
18

Describing what you love

A. Think about your parents, your pet, your best friend and your favorite thing. Describe them.
Use minimum four adjectives for each one. Take turns with your partners in group of three.
Then tell the class.

Demonstrative pronouns: one / ones

- Use one to replace a singular noun.

This blue dress is beautiful but I prefer the red one. (= a dress)
That's my brother, the one with the green t-shirt. (= the person)
- Use ones to replace a plural noun.
I don't like green apples. I love the red ones. (=the apples)
My files are those ones on the table. (=the files)
- Ask questions with Which one? / Which ones?
There are three girls in the contest. Which one is your girlfriend?
Well, they are all your favorite band's albums. Which ones would you like?

A. Complete the following conversations using one / ones.

1. A: Hey! What's going on? Nice place. I've never seen a fantastic caf like this _________.
B: Thanks, pal. Would you like something?

2. A: Is there any coffee in the cupboard?

B: Ha,ha. Yes, there is. Would you like ____________?

3. A: Do you have any sandwiches?

B: Only ham and cheese. We have big ____________ and small ____________.
A: I'm very hungry so give me a big ____________, please.

4. A: Tell me, do we have any homework? Yesterday we had to write three exercises.
Two literature _____________ and an English _____________.
B: No, we don't. But, we have to read our report. Well, my friend, see you on Monday.

14
 LESSON
18

Materials

A. Match the pictures with the correct phrase from the box below them.

- a silver bracelet - a cotton t-shirt - denim pants - a rubber duck

- a wool sweater - leather gloves - plastic bag - a silk dress

B. Describe objects around your classroom using the material above.

plastic bottles Now your turn.

Disagreeing

Do you think so? I think I don't think so.

I don't agree. Not really.
It's different in my country.

15
LESSON
18

1. Correct the mistake in these sentences. b. Brrrr! It's so cold! I need a ____________
Rewrite them correctly. sweater.

a. Is this you radio? c. I love jewels! And this gold ____________

___________________________________
b. I like this small, yellow, square watch.
___________________________________
c. I have three shirts: two black one and a red
one
___________________________________
looks wonderful on my wrist.
d. I bought new leather ____________. The old
ones were smaller. I couldn't walk well.
4. Complete the second sentence so that it
has a similar meaning to the first
sentence and contains the word in bold.
a. I want to buy those denim pants.
jeans
______________________________________

d. That is him teacher, the tallest one. b. The Earth is like a ball, not flat.
___________________________________ round
______________________________________
2. Choose the best alternative, 1 or 2, to
complete the sentences. c. She is a beautiful and smart old lady.
elderly
______________________________________
a. Has Susan done __________ homework
yet? d. I've bought some biscuits. Would you like a
1. her 2. his chocolate biscuit?
one
b. Those __________ are my books. ______________________________________
1. ones 2. one
c. Have you seen these photos? This________
is excellent.
1. ones 2. one
d. This big, __________, round clock is mine.
1. Spanish 2. old
* Remember its and it's have different
3. Complete each sentence with a suitable
word. meanings.

Its = of it My dog broke its collar.

a. Tonight, I have a wedding. I'm going to wear
a red silk ___________. It's = it is It's my cellular phone.
it has It's been here for many
years.

16
 LESSON
19
I'm proud of myself!
1
BEFORE
YOU ST
ART
A. Read the following article.

A brave little girl

It was a hot March evening, a three-year old girl ,
Stephi Miller was at home with her mother,
Deborah.
They were watching a movie channel when
suddenly Deborah fell down the floor. She was
unconscious.
The operator said Cover your mom,
keep her warm.
After thirty minutes an ambulance
arrived. They broke a window to enter
the house.

Stephi was too short to open any door, but she
controlled herself. Luckily her favorite toy was a
plastic phone. Her mom had taught her how to call
the emergency number.
Stephi went to her mom's bed and took her
cellphone.
She told the emergency service, My
mom is sick, She's lying on the
floor.
When Deborah woke up, they told her
about Stephi.
At first I couldn't believe my baby did
it herself because she's so young.
I realized that my daughter is a very
confident , young and amazing girl.

B. Answer the questions:

1. How old was Stephi at that time? ______________________________________________

2. What was the emergency? ___________________________________________________

3. What did Stephi do? _________________________________________________________

4. How did her mother feel when she knew what had happened? _______________________

17
LESSON
19

Reflexive pronouns

Reflexive pronoun

I myself We use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object
You* yourself of a sentence are the same.
_____ himself
_____ herself - I cut myself using the scissors this morning.
_____ itself - She controlled herself.
- We laughed at ourselves today. We were so silly.
_____ ourselves
_____ themselves

We can also use reflexive pronouns to emphasise.

*You can be singular or plural
you yourself (sing.) - My Stephi did it herself. (She didn't need any help)
you yourselves(plu.) - You can do it yourself. ( I'm not going to help you)

A. Complete these sentences with the correct reflexive pronoun.

1. I looked at ___________ in the mirror everyday.

2. Stephi called the emergency number by ____________ . There was nobody else.
3. They fell and hurt ____________________.
4. You were on the TV news at night . Did you see __________?
5. Alvaro and I saved that boy . We did it _______________!
6. My cat doesn't like showers. It cleans _______________.

B. Rewrite these sentences to make them true for you.

1. I'm really serious. I never laugh at myself.

e.g. I'm not serious. I sometimes laugh at myself.
__________________________________________________
2. I'm very outgoing . I always introduce myself to new people.
__________________________________________________
3. My classmates and I are very obedient. We're proud of ourselves.
__________________________________________________
4. I like to study by myself. I don't like studying in groups.
__________________________________________________

18
 LESSON
19

Alvaro's accident

A. Gabriel is talking to his tutor about Alvaro's accident. Practice with a partner.

Tutor : Are you proud of yourself, Gabriel?

Gabriel : Not really. I'm a bit ashamed of myself.
Alvaro and I got ourselves into a real trouble and now,
he's hurt.
Tutor : Yes, but you got yourselves out of trouble, too. That
boy was in danger, and you helped him a lot!
Gabriel: I know. Alvaro and I worked together. Alvaro was
really brave.
Tutor : Yes, he was. That little boy was alone at home when
the fire started. You both acted really bravely.
Gabriel: Thanks. I feel sorry for Alvaro. He cut his hand when
he broke that window. But it was the only way to get
out of the house.
Tutor : Gabriel! Alvaro is going to be fine. And that little boy is
alive. I'm sure Alvaro is happy with himself. It was
heroical.

Look at the questionnaire below. Tick ( ) the sentences that are true for
you. Add one more question. Then ask and answer your partner.
e.g.
A : Do you iron your clothes, Cecilia?
B : Well, yes I do it myself. / No, my dad irons my clothes./ I never iron my clothes.
I do it It doesn't My dad/ my
Do you... myself happen mom does it

1. iron your clothes?

2. buy your clothes?
3. wash your clothes?
4. buy presents for your friends birthdays?
5. cook the dinner ?
6. make breakfast?
7. make sandwiches for school?
8. clean your bedroom?
9. search for school homework?
10. ...................................................................... ?

19
LESSON
19

Pronouns and possessive adjectives

Complete the table

1. Subject pronouns: Use to replace the subject in a Subject Object Possessive
sentence. pronouns pronouns adjectives
- Deborah fell to the floor.
- She was unconsious.
I me my
2. Object pronouns : Use to replace the object in a
sentence. you*

her
- Deborah taught Stephi to use the phone.
- Deborah taught her to use the phone. him

3. Possessive adjectives: Use to indicate possession of it

something or someone.
us our
- Deborah's daughter is Stephie. them
- Her daughter is Stephie.
noun

* Note : you can be singular or plural.

A. Replace the nouns in parentheses with the correct subject or object pronouns.

e.g Mother : ( My daughter) always listens to me. She always listens to me .

1. (Dad) never fights with (mom). _____________________________________________

2. (My sister and brother) love (Garfield). _______________________________________

3. (My cousin ) likes (The Rolling Stones) a lot . __________________________________

4. (My dad and I ) love (mom and Jessi) ______________________________________

5. (Jessi and mom ) love (my dad and I), too._____________________________________

B. Complete the sentences with the correct possessive adjectives.

1. My daughter is the best student in _______ class.

2. Dinner is ready. Did you wash _____ hands? .
3. My children do ________ homework alone.
4. This is your dog, so put ___________ things in order .
5. That's my son.! _________ grades are amazing !.
6. We love _______ family . Family is unique .
7. Look! He's ______ son! I'm proud of him!.
20
 LESSON
19

Feelings

A. Complete the phrases about feelings with the words in the box. Then match the sentences.

proud sorry ashamed believe blame confidence

e.g. I' m a s h a m e d of myself. ( a ) a. I know it was bad.

1. I'm _ _ _ _ _ for myself. ( )
2. I'm _ _ _ _ _ of myself. ( )
3. I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in myself. ( )
4. I _ _ _ _ _ in myself. ( )
5. I have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in myself. ( )
b. I think it's my fault.
c. I know I did it great!
d. I really believe in myself.
e. I'm sure I can do it.
f. I feel so unlucky. I can't do anything.

B. Pairwork. Ask about some of the feelings above.

A: Rosa, have you ever been ashamed of yourself?
B: Well, I remember I lost my mom's ring. I was very ashamed of myself!...

Some common expressions with reflexive pronouns

Myself / yourself

- Do you need help? No thanks. I can do it by myself! (alone)

- Dad, I need some pens. Do you have some? Sure. Help yourself. (take what you want)
- I'm going to wait for Doctor Daves. No problem. Make yourself comfortable.
- Bye-bye, Mom! I'm going to school. Bye, sweet heart. take care of yourself.

21
LESSON
19

1. Choose the correct word.

d. Where is Sparkie? Have you seen ___?.
a. Look at myself/yourself in the mirror. e. Bye, bye mom Bye, call ___ home
b. My friend didn't have a teacher , so he f. Our tutor gave _____a 20 on punctuality
taught himself/ themselves. We're really punctual.
c. I sometimes talk to yourself / myself.
4. Circle the correct alternative for each
d. They didn't need any help. They did it sentence.
ourselves / themselves.
a. Gabriel is worried about Alvaro's accident.
e. Mom is going out tonight. We have to He _________ himself.
1. proud 2. believes 3. blames
cook for myself / ourselves.
b. Julia : I can't do it, I just don't have
2. Fill in with the correct possessive ______ in myself.
adjective. 1. proud 2. confidence 3. believe

c. The teacher caught Renzo and Ruth

a. Carlos broke _______ leg last winter. cheating on the exam. They were very
_________ of themselves.
b. Anita lives with _______ father in Brazil. 1. proud 2. blame 3. ashamed
c. I'm going to sell _________ CD player.
d. Alvaro is in the hospital but he's
d. The bank has changed _______ name. _________of himself.
e. Martha and her brother love ______ 1. proud 2. ashamed 3. sorry

school.
f. John, Alonso and I failed______ exams.

3. Complete the sentences with the

It
correct object pronouns.
- Use:

a. I'm going to visit my grandma It's my cat . Its name is Lizzy

tomorrow Give ____ all my love.
It is = It's
b. Have you called your tutor yet? No, I Its = possessive adjective
haven't called ____ yet. Maybe he's
- Use it to ask about time, distance,
busy. dates and the weather.
c. Here are your books Thanks, put
It's 5 o'clock.
It's January 16 today.
th
___ on the desk.
It's cold in Lima today.

22
 LESSON
20
Two of a kind
1
BEFORE
YOU ST
ART
A. Do you and your brother have the same personality? Read the following text about birth order.

Patrick and Dave are pretty similar. Patrick is a

perfectionist. So is Dave. Dave was an excellent
president of his high school class. So was Patrick.
Dave has been leader in most of his enterprises. So
has Patrick. Patrick always tries to obey rules. Dave
does, too. Dave has never liked 'liberal ideas'.
Neither has Patrick.

Patrick
Did you think they are twins? No, my friends. They
are both firstborns. Patrick and Dave are examples
Dave
of what researchers are calling the birth-order
theory. According to this theory, firstborns are usually self-confident, conscientious, assertive and
conservative. On the other hand, lastborns are usually more sociable, more open-minded and more
agreeable. In other words, firstborns would be powerful politic figures and lastborns would be
revolutionary leaders. However, not all is true because there were historical firstborns who became
revolutionaries, as well laterborns who became conservatives.
Do you agree with this theory? Which one are you?

B. Find out the following words or phrases in the text. (#) = paragraph number.

1. To a great degree, very, almost completely (adv) _____________________________(1)

2. A company or business (n) ______________________________________________ (1)
3. A person's first child (n) __________________________________________ (2)
4. To be able to listen to, think about or accept different ideas (adj) _________________(2)

C. Write true (T) or false (F) according to the reading.

1. Patrick and Dave are both firstborns twins. ( )

2. Patrick has conservatives ideas. So has Dave. ( )
3. Dave isn't a sociable, open-minded person. Neither is Patrick. ( )

23
LESSON
20

Agreements: Additions (so / too)

Use so, too to express agreement or similarity in positive statements with another speaker
without repeating the information.

Patrick is a perfectionist. So is Dave. (Patrick is a perfectionist. Dave is a perfectionist,

too)

verb noun

additions are always used with a form of be or an auxiliar verb or a modal verb.
Alex is going to the party tonight. So is Glenda. or Glenda is too.
Cris and Danny are students. So am I. or I am too.
Rodrigo was absent yesterday. So were Jack and Liz. or Jack and Liz were too.
Jason likes x-treme sports. So does Tony. or Tony does too.
Americans speak English. So do Australians. or Australians do too.
I went to Paracas last year. So did we. or We did too.
You've lived here for many years. So has my mother. or My mother has too.
Tim will travel to Europe. So will Alan. or Alan will too.
Manuel can cook very well. So can Marina. or Marina can too.
I should stay at home. So should you. or You should too.
* You can use 'too' instead of 'So

A. Complete the following conversation. Mark and Alice are getting to know each other.
They agree on everything.

Mark: I'm amazed how similar we are.

Alice: So _________. We like and dislike all the same things.
Mark: That's right. I love healthy food.
Alice: So _________. And I detest greasy food.
Mark: I _________. I went to Brazil last year.
Alice: So _________. I studied soccer in a Brazilian club.
Mark: I _________. And I'm going to play in a soccer team here.
Alice: So _________. But I have been training for five years.
Mark: So _________. And now, you should go home. It's late.
Alice: You _________. I'm so happy to have met you Mark.
Mark: So _________, Alice. Let's go, I'll take you home.

24
 LESSON
20

* You can use short sentences (noun + auxiliar be / modal verb / form of be) to say
one speakers opinion is not the same as another speakers. (disagreements)

A: We were absent yesterday. B: She wasn't.

A: Kurt doesn't like horror movies. B: I do.

** Also, you can use the linker 'but' with a short sentence.
We were absent yesterday but she wasn't.
Kurt doesn't like horror movies but I do.

B. Disagree the following sentences using the expressions in the box.

e.g. my brother the red ones an airplane

her brother our dog my car

e.g. My cousin Frank studies hard. My brothe r doe s nt .

1. My car doesn't use a lot of gasoline.____________________________________________
2. A bus takes a long time to get to Chiclayo. _______________________________________
3. Most dogs can swim, but _____________________________________________________
4. 'Lara has passed all her exams.' 'Yes, but ________________________________________
4. Green apples are very juicy. __________________________________________________

I don't like video arcades

A. Silvia , Brenda, Gabriel and Alvaro are deciding where they'd go. Listen and read. Practice with a
partner.
Brenda: OK guys! Where would we go?
Gabriel: Let's go to a video arcade. I love it!
Alvaro : So do I. Let's go girls.
Brenda: No, please. I don't like video arcades.
Silvia : Neither do I. They're boring.
Brenda: Hey, why don't we go to the amusement
park?
Alvaro : Yeah! Good idea! I haven't been there yet.
Gabriel: I want to go!
Silvia : I do too.
Brenda: So, let's go guys!

25
LESSON
20

Somebody likes the same as me

A. Write four sentences about what food, movie, music, sport you like in the chart. In groups of three
complete the chart asking your partners about your sentences. Tell the class how similar you are.
Things you like Name 1: Name 2:

1. ____________________________________________ ________________ ______________

2. ____________________________________________ ________________ ______________
3. ____________________________________________ ________________ ______________
4. ____________________________________________ ________________ ______________

I love hamburgers. So does Luis but Carla doesn't

Agreements: Additions (neither / nor / either)

Use neither or nor, either to express agreement or similarity in negative statements with another
speaker without repeating the information.
Brenda doesn't like video arcades. Neither does Silvia. (Silvia doesn't like video arcades either)

aux noun
Additions are always used with a form of be or an auxiliary verb or a modal verb.
I'm not thirsty. Neither am I. or I'm not either.
Tom isn't going to the movies. Neither are we. or We aren't either.
Jack and Ben weren't late. Neither were you. or You weren't either.
Lucia didn't see the video. Neither did Paul. or Paul didn't either.
She hasn't been in Madrid. Neither have I. or I haven't either.
I won't go to the museum. Neither will Carol. or Carol won't either.
Children mustn't swim here. Neither must adults. or Adults mustn't either.
Kurt can't participate tonight. Neither can Leslie or Jim. or Leslie or Jim can't either.
* You can use ' either ' instead of Neither
'

You can use 'nor' or 'neither'

Alvaro hasn't gone to the amusement park. Neither has Gabriel. = Nor has Gabriel.
Carol shouldn't go to the party. Neither should I. = Nor should I.

26
 LESSON
20

A. Complete the sentences using 'neither / nor / either' with the nouns in parentheses.

e.g. David didn't play very well, and (the others) _neither did the others or the others didn't either.
1. The meal wasn't very good, and (the soup) ______________________________________
2. Leonardo hasn't travelled yet, and (Mayra) ______________________________________
3. This map doesn't show the correct route. (this one) __________________________________
4. The soccer team can't play. (the volleyball team) ____________________________________
5. Her parents won't help her, and (her friends) ________________________________________

Places for entertainment

A. Match the pictures with the correct phrases from the box.
a dance performance an amusement park a water park an aquarium
a carnival a play a video arcade a pool hall

B. Talk with your partner about what your favorite places for entertainment are.

Getting someone's attention

Excuse me. Look!
Hey. Listen to me, please!

27
LESSON
20
1. Correct the mistake in these sentences.
Rewrite them correctly.
a. 'I'm not hungry.' 'So are I.'
_____________________________________
b. You don't have brothers. He doesn't too.
_____________________________________
c. Barbara wasn't born here. Neither I was.
_____________________________________
d. I didn't understand that exercise. Nor I did.
_____________________________________
2. Choose the best alternative, 1 or 2, to
complete the sentences.
a. Mr. Jacobs is honest but Mr. Jones __________.
1. isn't either 2. isn't
b. I got 16 in my quiz. My brother _________ too. _____________________________________
1. did 2. does
c. Mary hasn't written her report. ______ have I.
1. Neither 2. So
d. Terry won't take the exam. _________ will
Sam.
1. Nor 2. Either
3. Complete each sentence with a suitable
word.
a. We are two brothers. My brother is the
second child. I'm a ________________.
28
b. Joan is an _______________ person. He's
always able to listen to new ideas.
c. There is a ______________ in the theater
this month.
My sister is the director.
d. This new ___________________ has a
fascinating roller coaster.
4. Complete the second sentence so that
it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence and contains the word in bold.
a. Ricardo doesnt like tomatoes. Neither do I.
Nor
_____________________________________
b. My mom was a well-known actress.My aunt
was too.
So
c. Erick didn't do her homework. Nor did Lorena.
either
_____________________________________
d. The soup was delicious. So was the dessert.
too
_____________________________________
* Notice the word order after so and neither.
* The verb comes before the subject.
- So is Paulo.
So Paulo is.
- Neither did Melissa.
Neither Melissa did.
 LESSON
21
Cold comfort
1
BEFORE
YOU ST
ART

Are you the kind of person that likes staying in unusual places? If the answer is yes, try the
World's Coldest Hotel in Jukkasjrvi in the north of Sweden. But go in winter or all you will find is
a pool of water, because the hotel melts every spring!

Nils Yngue Bergqvist runs the Artic Hall Hotel. He is also the man whose idea was. He built his
first igloo for an art exhibition in 1991 and designed the present hotel. The whole building and
everything in it is made of snow, except for the wooden front door. There's a theater that Nils
uses for shows, a jazz club, a radio station and a large ice bar. The rooms have no doors, there's
no furniture, no heating and everyone sleeps on ice beds. If you want to stay in one of the ten
ice rooms, it will cost you about $ 50 a night. You won't be very comfortable, but you will receive
a survival certificate from the manager!

When the winter is over, Nils organizes an annual contest to predict the day that the igloo will
fall. The person that guessed the day correctly last year received a large painting from the Artic
Hall exhibition.

Nil's ice hotels are becoming world-famous and he loves his work. He's already excited about his
next project , an ice hotel that will have more complicated architectural characteristics and, he
says, will be bigger and better.

A. A.Think about these questions and discuss with other classmates orally.
1. Why is the hotel called the Artic Hall Hotel?
2. Describe a typical room and an Art Hall Hotel room.
3. How can Nils Bergqvist describe his occupation?
4. Would you like to stay in the hotel? Why / why not?

B. Answer these questions about the article.

1. Which part of the hotel is not made of snow?

_____________________________________________________________________

2. What happens when winter ends?

_____________________________________________________________________

3. What does every guest receive?

_____________________________________________________________________

4. List all the unusual characteristics of the hotel.

_____________________________________________________________________

29
LESSON
21

Defining relative clauses

Relative clauses
What is a relative clause?

We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences, or to give more information about
something.
- I bought a new car. It is very fast.
- I bought a new car that is very fast. - She lives in New York. She likes living in New York.
- She lives in New York, which she likes.
A defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about:
I like the woman who lives next door.

(If I dont say who lives next door, then we dont know which woman I mean)
More examples :
The people who live on the island are very friendly.
The man who phoned is my brother.
The camera which costs 100 is over there.
The house which belongs to Julie is in London.

He is also the man whose idea was.

There's a theater that Nils uses for shows...
The person that guessed the day correctly last year...
... an ice hotel that will have more complicated architectural characteristics.

Rule:
We use ____________ to give extra information about people and things.
We use ____________ to give extra information about possession.

He is the man. This was his idea. He is the man whose idea it was.
2 sentences (1 sentence)

There's a theater. Nils uses the theater There's a theater that Nil uses for
theater for shows. shows.
2 sentences (1 sentence)

30
 LESSON
21
A. Complete each sentence with a relative pronoun.

1. There's a small town in Sweden ___________ has an unusual hotel.

2. It's a hotel __________ is built from ice.
3. The man _________ built it is an artist.
4. The hotel attracts visitors _________ idea of comfort is rather unusual.
5. It's a building __________ many people admire.

The paintings that hang on the hotel walls are for sale.

The paintings (that) Nils hangs on the hotel walls are for sale.

B. Look at the sentences above. We need a relative pronoun in the first one but not in
second one. What do you think the rule is?

Hotel facilities

Listen to the dialog. What is the relationship between the two speakers?
How do you know?

A: Hello, we have a reservation. The name's Perez.

B: Right, Mr. Perez. Let me see. Yes. Here you are. Two double rooms for three nights. Is
that right?
A: Yes, that's it.
B: Could you fill this form, please?
A: Sure, Is there a laundry service in the hotel?
B: Yes, sir. And we can have dry cleaning done for you too.
A: Great! Can I have my room cleaned, then?
B: Of course. I'll have it cleaned for you.
A: O.K. Er... How long will it take?
B: You'll get the room back this evening, sir.

Complaining

Work in pairs. Role play this conversation.

Student A: You are a guest in a hotel. You have returned to your room and found
that the bed is unmade, the bathroom is dirty, and your laundry is still beside the
door. Phone reception and ask for some action.
Student B: You are the receptionist. Answer student A.

31
LESSON
21

Causative

I'll have the car washed today.

I need to have my bike mended.
Do you want to have your hair cut?
Have they had their order taken?

HAVE + OBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE

The causitive is when one thing or person causes another things or

person to do something.

A. After the fire in a hotel, a lot of work was necessary to repair the rooms.
Make sentences to describe the repairs.

e.g.: The curtains / replace.

They had the curtains replaced.

1. the walls and ceiling / paint _________________________________________

2. the carpets / clean
3. the windows / repair
4. the doors / mend
5. the picture / change
6. smoke alarms / fix
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________

Facilities

A. Match the pictures with the words.

a d g b e h c f i

a disco horse-riding a children playground

tennis courts a room with a balcony a babysitting service
fax machine a room with a view a dry-cleaning service
a swimming pool a sport center car hire
a fast food snack bar meeting rooms satellite television
a high-quality restaurant tour guides

32
 LESSON
21

Categorize the facilities. Which facilities are important for:

1. A person on business : ________________________________________

________________________________________

2. A family with small children : ________________________________________

________________________________________

3. Teenagers : ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

4. A young couple on holiday : ________________________________________

________________________________________

5. Retired people: ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Satisfaction

Excellent! It's very nice!

Fantastic! That's just what I wanted!
Wonderful! That's exactly what I'm looking for!
Marvellous! Oh, good!

33
LESSON
21

1. Look at the pictures and write the 3. Correct the mistake in the following
name of each facility you can find in a sentences.
hotel.
a. Vanilla is the only flavor whose he
likes.
_________________________

b. First underline the words that

meanings you don't know.
_________________________

c. That's the boy whose I met last week.

_________________________
a. ___________ c. ___________
d. Theres the book whose he wrote in
Paris.
_________________________

4. Change the sentences using the

correct form of have something done.

a. A secretary typed the letters for her.

b. ____________ d. ___________
_______________________

2. Join the sentences using that. b. I'll ask someone to paint the door
_______________________
a. I'd like to talk to the person. She wrote
c. A photographer is going to take our
this letter. picture. _______________________
_________________________

b. John has a computer. It doesn't work.

_________________________

c. The flowers are beautiful. You gave them

to your mother.
_________________________
_________________________
d. Is that the motorbike? It can do 200 km
an hour.
_________________________
Travel Trip Journey
I'm going on a business travel next week.
Travel is uncountable (without a) You can go
on or make a journey. If you go and come
back after a short time, it is called a trip.
I'm going on a business trip
next week.

34
 LESSON
22
I had no idea
1
BEFORE
YOU ST
ART
A. Read the following information.

USELESS BUT REAL

False teeth, which are

made of porcelain, were
made of teeth of dead
people.

The bristles of toothbrushes,

which are made of nylon, were
made of animal hair before
1938.

The average lead Vacuum cleaners, which

pencil. which is are used for cleaning dust,
commonly used among were also used as hair
students, can draw dryers at the beginning.
about 50,000 words.

B. In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1. What other things are made of ...

- porcelain.
- animal hair.
- nylon. Stick a picture here

2. Can you add one more piece of information about

any fact you know?

3. E
G - bristles
G Stick a picture here
- lead

35
LESSON
22

Non- defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses:

A non-defining relative clause gives us extra information about something.

We dont need this information to understand the sentence.
I live in London, which has some fantastic parks.
(Everybody knows where London is, which has some fantastic parks is extra information)

We dont use that in non-defining relative clauses, so we need to use which if the pronoun
refers to a thing, and who if it refers to a person. We cant drop the relative pronoun in this kind
of clause, even if the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause.

Some examples:
My boss, who is very nice, lives in Manchester.
My sister, who I live with, knows a lot about cars.
My bicycle, which I've had for more than ten years, is falling apart.
My mother's house, which I grew up in, is very small.
Yesterday I called our friend Julie, who lives in New York.
The photographer called to the Queen, who looked annoyed.
Last week I bought a new computer, which I don't like now.
I really love the new Chinese restaurant, which we went to last night.

A. Rewrite these sentences with which. Then compare with a partner.

1. This appliance has a ten-year guarantee. It's made in Japan.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.

36
 LESSON
2. This machine is used for washing clothes. It's electrical.
22
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

3. This is a piece of electrical equipment. It's used for keeping food cold.
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

4. This stuff is used for reproducing sound and pictures. It uses DVD-ROM.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

B. In your notebook. Choose five of the objects below Utensil : a bottle opener, wooden spoon.
to write a description. Use the non-defining relative Machine: coffee machine, answering machine.
clause structure. Tool : hammer, handsaw.

A. Alvaro is trying to fill in a crossword. Practice with a partner.

Alvaro : Hey, Dave. Are you good at crosswords?

David : Well, sometimes I am.
Alvaro : Ok. Look at this. This man, who was
Spanish, was a famous novelist. He wrote
Don Quijote.
David : It's easy. That's Cervantes. Cervantes Saavedra.
Alvaro : Gee, I had no idea. Listen to this one.
This man, who was deaf, was a gorgeous
composer.
He was German.
David : A deaf composer?
Alvaro : Yeah, that's what it says.
David : I'm sorry. I can't guess that one.

A. Look for some information about the following people. Compare with your
partner. Then tell the class the information you got.

37
LESSON
22

Subject relative pronouns

Relative pronouns are the subject of the clause. For non-defining clauses we use who
for people and which for things.

e.g. Maritere, who invited me to the party, called me yesterday.

New York, which is my favorite state, has lots of buildings.

Relative pronouns have the same form for singular or plural nouns, for masculine or
feminine nouns.

e.g. Benito, who lives next door, is my friend.

Alice and Benito, who live in the same house, go to my school.

Read these conversations between friends. Then use the information to write a
summary. Use relative pronouns.

1 A: This newspaper is really interesting.

B: Really?
C: It has many different sections. Do not use a subject
pronoun (I, you, he,
Summary: ___________________________________________
she, it, we, they) and a
subject relative pronoun
2 A: My friend bikes to school. at the same time.
B: Well, it's very far.
e.g. Luis, who he plays
A: Yeah, he broke his leg last week. the drums, is an excellent
musician.
Summary: ___________________________________________

3 A: Sara's boyfriend is very tall.

B: Do you know where he lives?
A: He lives two blocks far from here. Welcome!
Hi!
Hello!
Summary : ___________________________________________ who are
you?

4 A: English is an important subject for us.

B: Do you think so?
C: Sure. It has become an important language.

Summary: _____________________________________

38
 LESSON
22

Describing personality

A. Match each word with a definition. Then mark each

word with (+) positive or (-) negative.
1. moody ______ people who don't do what they say they will.
2. independent ______ a person who waits calmly for things and doesn't worry.
3. easy-going ______ a person who likes giving things to people.
4. emotional ______ someone who is often gloomy or depressed.
5. patient ______ a person who doesn't often ask for help or advice.
6. proud ______ people who show their feelings easily.
7. sociable ______ people who have a high opinion of their own importance.
8. unreliable ______ someone who enjoys being with other people.
9. selfish ______ a person who doesn't worry or get angry.
10. generous ______ someone who doesn't care about other people than
him/herself.

B. In your Notebook, complete these sentences with your own opinion.

1. I like a friend who...

2. I don't like someone who...
3. It bothers me someone who...
4. My best friend is someone who...

Thank you

Look at some ways to thank people:

- I cleaned the bedroom for you. Thank you.

- Have a nice weekend. Thanks, same to you.
- I can help you with your test. Many thanks.
- Here's your pen. Thank you Brian. My pleasure
It's worth mentioning

39
LESSON
22
1 Underline the mistake in each
sentence. Correct it.
a. The winter, which is my favorite
season, starts at the end of May.
b. That girl, which had tattoos on her
body was in my class.
c. The trains, which leave to Cuzco, go
full of people.
d. The students from classroom 2 A,
who were punished, left home at
5:00pm.
2 Make sentences with the following
information.
a) Richard Gere is a handsome man.
He starred many well-known films.
_____________________________
_____________________________
b) Leonardo Di Carpio is my favorite
actor. He is American.
_____________________________
_____________________________
c) Britney Spears sings Baby one more
time . She is a pop singer.
_____________________________
_____________________________
d) Eva Ayllon is my dad's idol. She sings
Peruvian music.
_____________________________
_____________________________
40
3 Unscramble the following words.
a) dupor__________________
b) sihsefl________________
c) lenubaleri _______________
d) yomod ________________
e) sogerune _______________
f) geysigona ______________
g) netapit ________________
4 Complete with your own opinion.
a. Two things or characteristics you
like in a boyfriend/girlfriend.
_____________________________
_____________________________
b. Two things or characteristics you
dislike in a boyfriend/girlfriend.
_____________________________
_____________________________
c. Two things you like in a classmate.
_____________________________
_____________________________
Opposites
Sociable= Someone who likes spending
time with people.
Opposite :
Antisocial = harmful or annoying to other
people.
Unsociable: not enjoying the company of
other people. (unfriendly)
 Always follow your dreams. Confidence comes
not from
Dont let anyone tell you always being
that you cant be something. right but from
you have the not fearing
to be wrong
power to be
changed
If My Mind Can
Conceive it, Remember,
And My Heart youre braver than
Can Believe it, you believe,
stronger than
I Know I can you seem
Achieve it and smarter

FAITH
than you think.

BELIEVE
HOPE

The future
belongs to
the most those who
important believe
thing a girl in the beauty
wears is her Live your life of their dreams

confidence knowing that your

potential
is so much more
than you can
comprehend
yourself

Which one do you agree the most? Why?

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Which one do you agree the least? Why?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

41
 Backstreet Boys (BSB)
The Backstreet Boys are an American vocal
group, formed in Orlando, Florida in 1993.
Background information The group consists of A. J. McLean, Howie
Dorough, Brian Littrell, Nick Carter, and
Kevin Richardson. They rose to fame with
Origin their debut international album,
Orlando, Florida, United States
Backstreet Boys (1996). In the following
Genres year, they released their second internatio-
Pop, pop rock, R&B, teen pop, nal album, Backstreet's Back (1997) and
adult contemporary their debut album in the United States
which continued the group's success
Years active
1993present / Hiatus: 20022003 worldwide. They rose to superstardom with their album Millennium (1999) and its
follow-up album, Black & Blue (2000).
Labels After a two-year hiatus, they regrouped and released a comeback album Never
Jive, Legacy Recordings Gone (2005). Richardson left the group in 2006, several months after the conclusion
of Never Gone Tour to pursue other interests.The group then recorded and released
Associated acts
New Kids on the Block, NKOTBSB, two albums as a four-piece: Unbreakable (2007) and This Is Us (2009).
Elton John, 'N Sync, Aaron Carter, In April 2012, the group announced that Richardson had rejoined them perma-
Krystal Harris nently, and in July 2012, all five members of the Backstreet Boys moved into a house
together while working on their next studio album in London.The group also made
Website their very first performance as a reunited five-piece on August 31, 2012 in Central
backstreetboys.com
Park, New York, as part of Good Morning America's Summer Concert Series.
Members The Backstreet Boys have sold over 130 million records worldwide, making them the
A. J. McLean best-selling boy band of all time, and one of the world's best-selling music artists.
Howie Dorough According to Billboard, they are the first group since Sade to have their first seven
Nick Carter albums reach the top 10 on the Billboard 200.They are also set to receive a star on
Kevin Richardson
Brian Littrell the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2013.

Which piece of music do you like the most?

__________________________________________________________________________________
When did Kevin leave the group? Did this boy band release any albums after that?
___________________________________________________________________________________
Are they four or five members in the group now?
___________________________________________________________________________________
How many albums have reached up to the 10 top on the Billboard?
___________________________________________________________________________________
What is going to happen to them in 2013?
___________________________________________________________________________________

Who is who? Name them:

42