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E.SEGMENTATION:
This stretched gray scale is now ready to be segmented.
Using one of the simplest of segmentation, the Adaptive
thresholding marks clear boundaries between "foreground" and
Figure3 : After noise removal and smoothing
"background" pixels determined by the threshold value opted
by the user through the track-bar. This segmentation hinders
B. GRA Y SCALE CONVERSION:
the speed of processing the least and has so far resulted as the
The first step of processing the image is to enhance the
most reliable. The constant parameter is introduced to
picture quality. And by this, we mean discerning the pixels, or
compensate for the drawbacks of the early adaptive
in layman's terms, enhance the contrast. Converting to gray
thresholding [8]. Upon this segmentation, the image results as a
scale allows for faster processing in the further stages as
binary image demarcating quite clearly the foreground image
compared to coloured images and still yield discernible
and the background image based on the contrast enhanced
visualization of the veins in real-time. Smoothing and Noise
image.[9]
removal.
MEDIUM 2 1
V. TEST RESULTS
HARD 1 3
The vein viewing experiment through this device was
conducted on several subjects of different sex, age, complexion TOTAL 8 8
and body type. The test result summary is provided below.
T ALEI
Example: Here is an illustration done on a subject of age
TEST ANALYSIS
20,male and having a poor visibility of veins by naked eyes.
The results were successful.
VI CONCLU SION
4 VIII REFERENCES
[I] Adrian Kaehler Gary Bradski. Learning Opens.
2 .Male
[2] S. Crisan, l.G. Tarnovan, and T.E. Crisan. A low cost vein
o detection system using near infrared radiation. In Sensors
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Applications Symposium, 2007.SAS '07. IEEE, pages 1 {6, feb.
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Testing. imaging Vincent Paquita,b,c, Jeffery R. Pricea, Fabrice
[4] Medical errors in pediatric practice. M' eriaudeaub,c,Kenneth W. Tobina and Thomas L. Ferrellc
[6] H.D. Zeman, G. Lovhoiden, and C. Vrancken. The clinical [13] Toshiyuki Tanaka, Naohiko Kubo, "Biometricauthentication by
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