MATHEMATICS SOLUTIONS OF

"ADVANCED LEVEL PROBLEMS"

Target : JEE (IITs)
TOPIC : CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

(1 sin x)n log x

1. f(x) = nlim

2 (1 sin x)n

log x
1
(1 sin x)n
(i) for 0 < sin x < 1, f(x) = nlim =1
2
1
(1 sin x)n

1 log x
(ii) for sin x = 0, f(x) =
3
log x
(iii) for 1 sinx < 0, f(x) =
2

log x
2 , 1 sin x 0
1 log x
, sin x 0
f(x) = 3 f(x) is discontinuous at integral multiples of
1 , 0 sin x 1

x
lim 1 a x . a na
x
a x na na(a x xa x na ) a x ( na)2 ( na)2
= xlim
lim
2. 2 x x = x x

x 0
x 2a x 0 x a na 2x. a x 0 ( xa na 2a ) 2

lim (2a) x xn 2a 1 x
lim ( 2a) n2a n2a lim ( 2a )x ( n2a)2 ( n2a)2
x 0
2 = x 0 = x 0

x 2x 2 2
for g(x) to be continuous (na)2 = (n2a)2 (na + n2a) = 0
1 1
a= g(0) = (n 2)2
2 8

x m sin 1 ; x 0
3. f (x) = x
0 ; x0

1
for continitity f(0) = 0 = RHL (x = 0) lim hm sin 0
h 0 n

lim hm [a finite quantity between [1, 1]] = 0

h0
It hold only when m > 0
if m 0 neither continuous nor derivable

f (h) f (0) 1
for derivability lim = finite lim h (m 1) sin it is finite and unique
h 0 h h 0 h
and equal to zero if m > 1
when m >1 continuous and derivable
if 0 < m 1 continuous but not derivable

RESONANCE CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY - 1

 x 2 2x , x 0
4. f(x) = 2
x 2x , x 0
by definition of g(x)

x 2 2x , 2 x 1

1 , 1 x 0

g(x) = 0 , 0x2
x 2 2x , 2x3

2x 2 , 2 x 1

0 , 1 x 0

g(x) = 0 , 0x2
2x 2 , 2x3
clearly g(x) is discontinuous at x = 0 and not differentiable at x = 0, 2

1 ( x 1)2 , 1 x 0


x2 , 0 x 1
5. f(x) =
1 ( x 1)2 , 1 x 2

2 ( x 2)2 , 2x3

graph of f(x) is as shown is figure

f(x) is continuous for all x but
non-differentiable for integral points.

x
1 x , x 1
x
, 1 x 0
f(x) = 1 x x

6.
, 0 x 1
1 x
x
1 x , x 1

lim f(x) = limx lim f(x) = lim x

x 0
= 0 and x 0
= 0 and f (0) = 0
1 x
x0 x0
1 x
f(x) is continuous at x = 0
x 1 lim x
lim f(x) = lim
x 1
= and xlim 1 f(x) = x 1 f(x) is discontinuous for x = 1
1 x 2
x 1 1 x
Similarly we can check that f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1
h
0
lim f ( 0 h ) f ( 0 ) 1 h
L.H.D. at (x = 0) is = h 0 = lim =1
h h0 h
h
0
lim f ( 0 h ) f ( 0 ) lim 1 h
R.H.D. at (x = 0) is = h 0 = h 0 =1
h h
L.H.D. = R.H.D. at x = 0, f(x) is derivable.

7. limit lim cos2n (m! x ) is 1 or 0 according to x is a rational number or an irrational number. As m!x will
n
m
become integral multiple of when x is rational, then cos (m!x) = 1. And when m!x is not an integral
multiple of i.e. when x is irrational then 1 < cos (m!x) < 1
0 , x Q
f(x) = f(x) is discontinuous and non-differentiable at every real number.
1 , x Q

RESONANCE CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY - 2

 xy
8. f(x) + f(y) = f
1 xy

x y (1 xy) ( y)(x y) x y 1 y2
f (x) = f f (x) = f 2
1 xy (1 xy)2 1 xy (1 xy)
put x = 0
f '(0)
f (0) = f (y) (1+y2) 1 y 2 = f (y)
Integrating both sides f (0) tan1y = f(y) + c ..... (1)
xy
Now put x = 0 & y = 0 in f(x) + f(y) = f
1 xy
f(x)
we get 2f(0) = f(0) f(0) = 0 ............. (2) and lim =2
x 0
x
f ( x ) f (0 )
lim =2 f(x) = 2 f(0) = 2 ........... (3)
x0 x
from (2) & (3) & (1)
2tan-1y = f(y) + c
now put y = 1, we get

2tan-11 = f(1) + c = +c c=0 f(x) = 2tan-1x
2 2

lim cos 1 (1 {h} 2 )sin1(1 {h})

9. R.H.L. = f(0 + h) =
h 0 {h} {h} 3
1
lim cos 1(1 h2 ) lim sin (1 h)
= . h 0 (putting 1h2 = cos2)
1 h2

h 0 h

cos1(1 2 sin2 ) 2
= (sin1 1) lim lim

0 = 0 =
2 sin 2 2 sin 2
1 2 1
lim lim cos (1 {h} ) sin (1 {h})
L.H.L = f(0 h) =
h 0 h 0 {h} {h}3

1 1
lim cos (h(2 h))sin h lim cos1(h(2 h))
cos1 0 1
lim sin h
= = = =
h 0 (1 h)(2 h)h h 0 h 0
h (1 h) (2 h)
2 4
since R.H.L. L.H.L, therefore no value of f(0) can make f continuous at x = 0

10. As f is continuous on R, so f(0) = limit

x 0
f(x)

1 (sin e n ) e n 1
2
Thus f(0) = limit f = limit =0+1=1
n
4n n 1
1 2
n

2 2
11. f(1) = 0 R.H.L. = hlim f(1 + h) = hlim cos 1 sgn 3 3h 1 = hlim cos 1 sgn = 0
0 0 0 2 3h
0
L.H.L. = lim f(1 h) = lim cos1 sgn = cos 1 (0) = f(1) = 0
h 0 h 0 3 3 h 2

f(x) is discontinuous hence non-derivable at x = 1

f ( 1 h) f ( 1) f ( 1 h) f ( 1)
f(1+) = hlim
0
= 0 and f(1) = hlim
0
=0
h h
f(1+) = f(1) = 0 f(x) is derivable at x = 1

RESONANCE CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY - 3

 h
f(x) f 1 f(x) h h
f(h x) f(x) x 1 g f(x) limit 1 g h
12. f(x) = limit = limit = f(x) limit x x = x
h0
h h0 h h 0
x h 0
h
f(x) f(x) x2
f(x) =
x
so f '(x) dx = xdx =
2
c

4 cos 2 x
13. Let f(x) = f() = 2
2 cos x

1 4 cos 2 x f ( x ) f ()
lim 2 = lim = f()
x x 2 cos x x x

4 (2 cos x)(2 cos x sin x ) cos2 x( sin x)

Now f(x) = f() = 0
4 cos 2 x (2 cos x)2
2
2 cos x

14. we have
lim f(x) = hlim (sin(h) + cos(h))cosec(-h)
x 0 0

1 (cosh sinh 1)
. cosh sinh 1
= hlim
0
(cosh sinh)cosech = hlim
0 (1 (cosh sinh 1)
(cosh sinh 1) ( sinh) = hlim
0 e
sinh =e
Now we have
1 2 1

2/h 3/h
lim f(x) = lim e e e
h
lim e h e h 1 e
x 0 2 1/ h 1 3 / h
= h0 (ae 2 )e 2 / h (be 1 )
=

h0 ae
be
b

e
If f is continuous at x = 0 , then e = a = gives a = e and b = 1
b
15. Let F(x) = f(x) x, F(a) = f(a) a = b a, F(b) = f (b) b = a b
F(x) is continous and F (a) & F (b) are of opposite signs.
F(x) = 0 has atleast one root in (a, b)
f (x) x = 0 f (x) = x for atleast one c (a, b)
16. f(x.y) = f(x). f(y), Put x = y = 1 f(1) = f 2(1) f(1) = 1 since f(1) 0

Now let x 0, then hlim

0
f ( x h) = lim f ( x(1 h / x )) = lim f ( x ) f (1 h / x )) = f(x).f(1) = f(x)
h0 h0

also hlim
0
f ( x h) = lim f ( x )f (1 h / x ) = f(x).f(1) = f(x)
h0 f(x) is continous for all x except at x = 0

1 1
17. y = f(x) = xsin 1/x. sin when x 0, , r = 1,2,3
x sin 1/ x r
1
y = 0, x = 0, where r = 1,2,3,...............
r
1
Let t = x sin1/x as x 0 , t 0 and as x , t 0 y = t sin1/t
r
1
lim y lim t sin t 0 = f(0) also lim y lim t sin t 0 = f r
x 0 t 0 1 t 0
x
1 r
f(x) is continous at x = 0 and f(x) is continous x [0, 1]
r
We know that t = xsin1/x is not differentiable at x = 0

1
therefore y = tsin1/t = xsin1/x. sin is not differentiable at x = 0
1
x sin
x
RESONANCE CONTINUITY & DERIVABILITY - 4
18. y = |sinx|

y = sin|x|

y = f(x) = |sinx| + sin|x|

f(x) is continous every where

f(x) is not differentiable at x = n
f(x) is not periodic
19. Differentiability at x = 1

sin[(1 h)2 ]
a (1 h)3 b (a b )
f(1 ) = Lim
(1 h)2 3 (1 h) 8
h0
h

a (1 h)3 a 0 form 3a (1 h)2

= Lim
h0

0
= Lim
h 0
h
1
f(1 ) = 3a

2 cos(1 h) tan 1(1 h) a b ( 2 cos h tan 1(1 h) a b )

f(1+) = Lim
h0
= Lim
h0
h h

Function is differentiable 2+ =a+b .....(1)
4

2 cos h tan 1(1 h) 2 / 2 1 1

= Lim = Lim 2 sin h + =
h0
h h0 1 (1 h)2 2
1
Now f(1) = f(1+) 3a =
2
1 13
a= ....(2) by (1) and (2) b =
6 4 6
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