International Journal of Computation and Applied Sciences IJOCAAS, Volume2, Issue 2, April 2017, ISSN: 2399-4509

Obtaining and analyzing the characteristics curves

of a solar cell
Roshen T. Ahmed
Abstract-The world spend all the capabilities to meet every day
demand of energy and it is very expectable that soon we will
come up short on any of natural energy source such as petrol,
mineral etc therefore, renewable vitality arrangement has
accomplished.
Sun powered energy is a standout amongst the most important
means of renewable energy resource, more energy is produced
by knowing the specification of the cell used and this can be
done by getting the IV and PV characteristic curves.
The study of a photovoltaic system requires a precise
knowledge of the IV and PV characteristic curves, the learning
of the curves permits IV and PV characteristic curves allow
knowing the function of the cells used. This research shows the
results obtained by using solar module analyzer for different
power solar cells.
Key words: Photovoltaic cells, PV-IV curves
I. INTRODUCTION
The new challenge is began at the end of second half of the
20th century for finding renewable energy sources because
of the limitation of the ordinary energy source (oil, gas, coal
etc) and increasing demand of energy, this why the
attention is turning to the renewable energy sources [1-3].
The traditional fossil fuels as coal, oil and natural gas
combustion caused many severe problems as global
warming, Ozone hole, and the acid rains [4-6]. Renewable
energies as the solar, wind, hydraulic, and geothermal
energies are clean, abundant, and green. They are
environment friendly [7-9]. Solar energy as a renewable and
sustainable energy is the most significant alternative for the
fossil fuels [10-12].
Photovoltaics are considered as electricity energy source due
to its dependence on solar energy which is one of the
renewable energy sources [13, 14]. PV modules are
sustainable, clean with long service life and high reliability
[15]. Photovoltaic cells operate in the external atmosphere
and are subject to the environmental and weather variables
as wind speed, air temperature, solar intensity and air
humidity [16-18]. Producers evaluate photovoltaic units
according to standard test conditions [19]. These conditions
define the PV module work at solar radiation intensity of
1000 W/m2, air temperature 25C, and relative humidity of
45% [20-23]. In any case, to do an impressive optical
construction, the proper imaging of the photoelectric unit of
electrical behaviour (V-I bends) is vital [24, 25].
The solar cell characteristics were partitioned into two
gatherings, the static parameters and the dynamic
parameters [26]. The static parameters are regularly decided
from their lit up current-voltage attributes, in view of blaze
lights or conveyed light sources, or open air conditions [27].
Roshen Tariq Ahmed is currently assistant lecturer in the Energy
and Renewable Energies Technology Centre, University of Technology,
Iraq.E. mail: 11019@uotechnology.edu.iq
They are utilized to decide sun oriented cell
effectiveness and fill elements (the proportion of greatest
possible energy to the result of the open-circuit voltage and
short out current) [28]. Then again, dynamic parameters are
required in outlining circuits containing sun oriented cells
and exchanging gadgets and in addition giving essential
indicative instruments [29].
1-1. Solar Cell Characteristics:
A perfect sun oriented cell, hypothetically can be
modelled as a current source in parallel with a diode (Fig.
1), direct current generated varies linearly with solar
radiation when the solar cell exposed to light [30]. A change
of the model incorporates the impacts of a series resistor
which represent internal resistance of the cell [31].
The condition describing the relationship between
voltage (V) and current (I) gave by a module is as per the
following:
I I Ph I D
.. (1)
1.2. Ideal Cell
Fig. 1 Equivalent circuit of a photovoltaic cell
The net current of the cell is equivalent to the distinction of
the photocurrent IPh, (the current created by the occurrence
light, specifically corresponding to the sun illumination), ID
(the typical diode current). If each term is replaced by its
value is obtained:
eV IRs
I I Ph I o exp 1
mKTab
(2)
Where:
m= Idealized factor.
K= Boltzmanns constant.
Tab= Absolute temperature of the cell.
e= Electronic charge.
V= Cell voltage.
Io= Saturation current, which depend mainly on cell
temperature.

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 International Journal of Computation and Applied Sciences IJOCAAS, Volume2, Issue 2, April 2017, ISSN: 2399-4509
The typical representation of the output characteristic of a II. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
photovoltaic device is called characteristic curve, and
demonstrates their conduct. The IV curve shows the One can state that, photocurrent relies on upon the
relationship between the current and voltage as per the level irradiation of the place were the test done and at this
of episode radiation and temperature. Additionally the PV moment, for a fixed temperature (in this cases its about 25
curve shows a similar relationship yet for power and C). The higher the light, the more prominent the current is.
voltage. Then again, voltage will keep up practically consistent and it
These curves can be gotten in a few ways. Predominantly, will not shift much. In this research IV curves has been
they can be figured from condition (2) or can be acquired measured, we use two different solar cell sizes one with
tentatively from the photovoltaic cell. 0.023 m2 and the second is 0.43 m2. Figure 3 shows the
The current voltage curve (IV) demonstrates the conceivable block diagram of the system connected.
mixes of sets of current-voltage of the photovoltaic
instrument. Thoughtfully, the curve shows the combination
of current and voltage at which the cell can work, if the
irradiance and cell temperature could be kept steady. The
assessment of the execution of sun-oriented cells and the
outline of photovoltaic frameworks must be founded on the
electrical attributes, that is, in the current-voltage
connections of the cells subjected to different levels of Fig. 3 System connection block diagram
illumination and temperature [32].
Figure 2 show the Characteristic curves of a solar cell, the The following apparatus has been used:
horizontal axis represents the working cell voltage (V) and 1. Solar module analyzer (Prova 200 A) as shown in
the left vertical axis the current (A) while the right vertical figure 4.
axis power (P).
The setting of the solar module analyzer parameters must be
set such as irradiation, solar cell area; scan range start, scan
range end and the mode of the test if it is auto scan or
manual scan after assign the range of the test.

Fig. 2 Characteristic curves of a solar cell

Breaking down the chart, there are a few trademark focuses.

The cell will deliver the most extreme force when the
resistance between the terminals of the yield circuit is
insignificant; this is when there is short out [33]. The
working voltage is zero and this esteem is called "Short Fig. 4 Solar module analyzer (Prova 200 A)
Circuit Current" (ISC). The maximum voltage is reached in
the case that the resistance is infinite and then the current is 2. Different solar cells size and.
zero, the circuit is open, that is, there is "Open Circuit 3. PC for data collection and managing.
Voltage" (VOC) [34]. Another indicate consider is the 4. Solar irradiance meter as shown in figure 5.
greatest of the PV curve, called most power point (MPP),
which corresponds to the point on the IV curve, wherein the
area of the rectangle shaped by the focuses (V,I) is greatest.
This is the area when the module works with greatest
effectiveness and produces the extreme yield control. It is
the purpose of most extreme power (VMPP, IMPP). The
accessible force of a photovoltaic instrument anytime along
the curve is the result of current and voltage by then and its
units in Watt [35].
This work aims to define the PV characteristics for any PV
array using power solar cell. This work is a part of
continuous efforts of the Energy and Renewable Energies
Fig. 5 Solar irradiance meter
Technology Centre, University of Technology, Iraq to
widespread the lecture of renewable energies usage and its
benefits to citizens and society [36-63].
The circuit wiring diagram connected shown in figure 6 (a
and b).
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 International Journal of Computation and Applied Sciences IJOCAAS, Volume2, Issue 2, April 2017, ISSN: 2399-4509
Light Souce
PC
Fig. 6, a circuit wiring diagram
Solar M
Fig. 6b circuit wiring diagram
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Solar module analyser display curves for the results
obtained from the test are shown in figure (7, 8, and 9).
From the curves obtained one can notice that the red curve is
for volt, the green one is for the power while the X axis is
for current. The results show the Vopen, Ishort, Pmax,
Vmaxp, Imaxp and efficiency for the two size solar cells.
The first test is done for small cell with current range scan
begin at 50 mA and current range scan end at 1 A, and
irradiance is 230 W/m2 as shown in figure 7.
Fig. 7 Result for the Small cell (First test)
The second test was done for small cell with current range
scan begin at 400 mA and current range scan end at 2 A, and
irradiance is 230 W/m2 as Fig. 8 shows.
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Fig. 8 Result for the Small cell (Second test)
The third test is done for large cell with current range scan
begin at 0mA and current range scan end at 1 A, and
irradiance is 1000 W/m2 as shown in figure 9.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
There are many components that influence the
execution effectiveness of a solar cell, for example,
reflection misfortunes, the ghastly qualities of the light
source. From the results obtained one can notice the
unsmooth of the curves and that because of the reflection
light in the lab we done the test and for the light we used
cause it focus on some point of the cell so the illumination is
not equal and also for the system error and reading accuracy.
Fig. 9 Result for the large cell (Third test)
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129, 2014.

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