PAKISTAN UNITED STATES RELATIONS

Where the both countries are stands OR Are the both countries are on the same page , for
the afghan peace process ?
Before the two months, after representatives of the United States , Pakistan and Afghanistan met
in Kabul on Feb25. They discussed ways to further peace negotiations with the Taliban during
the first-ever meeting to solve the issue.
Taliban leaders announced on Jan3, 2012, they had come to an initial agreement to set up an
overseas political office, possibly in Qatar. This was their first public gesture in the name of talks
with the US The group demanded the release of prisoners held at the US-run detention facility
Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
In July 2015 the process faltered after a first round of Pakistan-hosted direct talks between the
Afghan government and Taliban due to a leak of information that Taliban movement founder
Mullah Omar had died two years ago.
Pakistan believes a politically negotiated settlement remains the most viable option for bringing
lasting peace to Afghanistan.
The military approach has been tried for 15 years and could not achieve the objective,
peace and stability in Afghanistan is essential not only for the people of the country but also for
the entire region.
Sartaj Aziz said Pakistans desire for lasting peace in Afghanistan.
Pakistans government and military have conveyed serious concern to the US over the
violation of the countrys sovereignty and its likely detrimental impact on bilateral relations.
Mullah Akhtar Mansour was killed in a US drone strike on May 21, hours after the top militant
commander entered into Pakistan after crossing the Iranian border via Taftan. There could be a
variety of conspiracy theories attached to the killing of the Afghan Taliban chief on Pakistani
territory at a time when the Quadrilateral Coordination Group (QCG) was making all-out efforts
to bring the Taliban to the negotiating table.
The Taliban have even promised to launch more attacks because of the growing number of
foreign troops in the country. In the coming days and weeks, the security situation of
Afghanistan is likely to deteriorate further, which will only put more pressure on Pakistan.

Why the US is using the disposal policy towards Pakistan ?

PakistanUnited States relations refers to the bilateral relationship between Pakistan and the
United States. On 20 October 1947, two months and six days after Pakistan's independence, the
United States established relations with Pakistan, making it amongst the first nations to establish
relations with the new state. Pakistan allied itself with the U.S. during the Cold war era against
the USSR, and was an integral player in the CENTO and SEATO organizations.
"But, it is the same America, which has not stopped its policy of helping Pakistan financially or
providing them with arms and ammunition. On one hand, America helps India fight terrorism
and on the other, sells F-16 fighter jets to the terrorist nation. This policy of America is
dangerous.

Why the Strategic Partnership between the US and Pakistan is not for the long term ?
Pakistan always seeks to protect its national integrity against any potential threat. India is
currently a relatively minor player in Afghanistan and for the sake of stability in that country it
should remain so.
As a repeated victim of terrorist attacks from the extremist groups that have thrived in both
Afghanistan and Pakistan, India has a legitimate interest in preventing the return of another
Taliban-style regime in Afghanistan that could provide a secure base for these groups.
From a Pakistani perspective, the US has spent the last decade offering Pakistan many things
such as cash and military supplies.etc..
But American and Pakistani perspectives are actually more closely aligned today than at any
other time in the last decade. Since the end of the Cold War, Pakistan has become a nuclear
weapons state.
Referring to US tilt towards India in recent years, Rabbani stated that US has an agreement with
India on civil nuclear cooperation, but refuses to offer Pakistan a similar deal.
During the 1980s and 1990s, F-16s became the symbol of Pak-US friendship.
Despite continuing serious disagreements between Pakistan and the US, the two countries have
in fact seen a gradual convergence of views on many issues over the last decade.
Henry Kissingers quote was mentioned by Nasr, America has no permanent friends or
enemies, only interests. Since the civilian governments havent got the job done previously,
relations have seen good days during the four military rules experienced by Pakistanis.

Mutual Interests of Both US Pakistan :

There are two fundamental problems undergirding US-Pakistan troubles. First, instead of a broad
partnership that includes trade and cultural linkages, the two countries have a one-dimensional
transactional relationship centered along security concerns, i.e., the war against the Taliban and
al-Qaeda. US-Pakistan relations are further complicated because of clashing security interests.
Pakistan's military leaders have resisted American demands to end support for militant groups.

Therefore,
Enhance access of Pakistani textiles to the U.S. market on favored terms.
Focus the majority of U.S. economic aid on projects in basic education, health care, water
resource management, law enforcement, and justice programs, with the goal of developing state
capacity to effectively deliver these services to the population.
The U.S. and Pakistan share numerous common interests that constitute a firm basis for a long-
term, mutually beneficial partnership.
The United States invests more funding in the Pakistan than in any other single country.

As mentioned below :
1. Education, Science and Technology Agreements.
2. Other People-to-People Exchanges.
3. University Partnerships.
4. English Language Programs.
5. Global Connectivity.
6. Economics and Finance.
7. Support in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).
8. Agriculture.
9. Regional Connectivity.
10. Law Enforcement and Counterterrorism.
11. Improvised Explosive Devices ( I.E.Ds ).
12. Security Assistances.
13. Military Training and Exchanges.

How the US lost its Relations from the china , Russia and Pakistan ?
In the 1990s,Chinas power and influence grew. Many analysts in the United States and other
nations wrote about the China threat. They feared that the rise of China damage American
interests in Asia, and destabilize the American-led international system.
The partnership between China and the United States, where each nation regards each other as a
potential as well as a strategic partner.
As of 2014, the United States has the world's largest economy and China the second largest. The
International Monetary Fund estimates that China's economy has overtaken that of United States.
The US has never developed a long-term view towards China. Chinas economic development
and military modernization programs have witnessed dramatic progress since the early-1980s.
Since China entered the World Trade Organization in 2001, the massive growth of trade between
China and the United States has had a dramatic and negative effect on U.S. workers and the
domestic economy.
Most of the jobs lost or displaced by trade with China between 2001 and 2013.

Pakistan U.S relations after the withdrawal from Afghanistan :

Generally Pakistan and Afghanistan are considered inseparable states due to their historical,
religious, cultural,trade. However, the modern bilateral relationships face great turbulence
because of rising influence of India in Afghanistan. History reveals that situations in Afghanistan
have always affected Pakistan. The US withdrawal from Afghanistan brings many challenges to
Pakistan.
The four main players of Afghan crisis namely United States of America, Afghan government
(dominated by Northern Alliance) Tehreek-e-Taliban Afghanistan (TTA) and Pakistan. All want
a peaceful settlement but everyone is perpetuating their own interests.
Afghan Government does not want an abrupt US withdrawal because Afghan government, its
leaders and supporters, do not want to lose the investments in another war with Taliban. US is
still confused in weighing different opinions.

US Interests In The South Asia :

South Asia is a huge land mass home to about one quarter of the world's population. It has
assumed much importance in international politics today.

Primarily US policy should be based on these six principles in South Asia which were made
by the policy makers :
1. American national interests.
2. Recognize the present American heavy involvement.
3. Develop an integrated approach.
4. Pay special attention to the internal dynamics of the political and social systems.
5. Based on independent appraisal.
6. Avoid any pressure.
Later in 1960s and 1970s the US was not very much in the affairs of South Asia. It adopted the
policy of neutrality during the Indo-Pak wars of 1965 and 1971 which hurt Pakistan more than of
India. These two decades were a matter for Pakistani leaders to think seriously about changing
US behavior towards Pakistan. This US attitude will not facilitate Pakistan in any future war so
Pakistan should not be dependent only on US. But during the Russian invasion in Afghanistan in
1979 was another turn in the Pak-US relations, as US was looking for the containment of
communism in the region, Pakistan became most important to US and became a front line state
in the Afghan Jihad against Soviets.

Salala check post attack incident :

On 26 November 2011, US-led NATO forces opened fire on two Pakistani border check-posts
stationed near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. The attacks caused the deaths of up to twenty-
four Pakistani soldiers.

US Afghan Claims :
According to Afghan and US officials, the incident started after US-Afghan coalition forces,
which were conducting an operation against the Afghan Taliban in Afghanistan's eastern Kunar
Province, There was firing coming from the position against Afghan army soldiers who
requested support"
Parliamentary review :

Following the Salala incident, the Government finally decided to take

Parliament into confidence and its decision whether or not to reopen the NATO supply line. A
Parliamentary Commission has already demanded an end to American drone attacks and an
apology for the air strikes that killed Pakistani troops.

Closure of NATO supply lines :

Pakistan immediately closed all NATO supplies to Afghanistan in the after the attack, NATO
trucks had been using the supply routes, in Khyber Agency (through the Khyber Pass at
Torkham) and Balochistan (near Chaman), to supply US and international forces fighting in
Afghanistan. US policy makers tried to find alternative routes through Russia, Kazakhstan,
Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan (termed as the "Northern Distribution Network") but these are longer
and less effective than routes through Pakistan. Huge costs are associated with the Central Asian
supply lines, and NATO's supply line through Russia is already under a looming danger of
closure due to friction over missile defence plans.

Supply lines reopening :

Pakistan decided to reopen the supply lines after US Secretary of State apologised on 3 July 2012
for the Salala incident via a telephone call to Pakistani Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani
Khar."Foreign Minister Khar and I acknowledged the mistakes that resulted in the loss of
Pakistani military lives," Clinton said in a statement. "We are sorry for the losses suffered by the
Pakistani militaryShamsi airfield vacated :

Pakistan's refusal to attend Bonn Conference :

In the wake of the NATO attacks, the Pakistani government refused to attend the Bonn
conference scheduled on 5 December 2011. The event in Bonn, Germany is an important
international conference on Afghanistan.International pressure over Pakistan amounted as it
refused to attend the Bonn conference. Secretary Hillary Clinton contacted the Pakistani Prime
Minister but her plea was rejected because Pakistani public opinion prohibited attendance. The
conference was generally regarded as a disappointment, partially because of Pakistan's absence.

INDIA US TIES :

India-U.S. ties have been transformed in recent years, best exemplified with the newly declared
global strategic partnership between the two countries,the United States Pakistan policy remains
a problematic issue.

IndiaUnited States relations (or Indo-American relations) refers to the international relations
that exist between the Republic of India and the United States of America. Narendra Modi, the
Chief Minister of Gujarat between 2001 and 2014, became the Prime Minister of India on 26
May 2014, Sectarian violence during the 2002 Gujarat riots damaged relations between the US
Government. Prior to Narendra Modi becoming the Prime Minister of India, the US Government
had made it known that Modi as Chief Minister of Gujarat would not be permitted to travel to the
US. Modi remains the only person ever to be banned to travel to the United States of America
under the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA). The Obama administration maintained
the 2005 decision taken by the George W. Bush administration to deny Narendra Modi entry into
the United States of America.

Strategic Partnership :

The U.S.-India Strategic Dialogue, launched in 2009, was expanded in 2015 to become the U.S.-
India Strategic and Commercial Dialogue. It provides opportunities to strengthen collaboration in
areas including energy, climate change, trade, education, and counterterrorism. The inaugural
meeting was held in September 2015.

The nuclear deal between India and USA was signed back in 2008 which is considered to be a
breakthrough in our pursuit for nuclear energy for future needs and a watershed moment in our
relations with USA. U.S. President George Bush and India's Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
exchange handshakes in New Delhi on March 2, 2006. The 123 Agreement signed between the
United States of America and the Republic of India is known as the U.S.India Civil Nuclear
Agreement or Indo-US nuclear deal.

What are the terms of the deal?

The details of the deal include the following :

1. India agrees to allow inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Association
(IAEA), the United Nations' nuclear watchdog group, access to its civilian nuclear
program.
2. U.S. companies will be allowed to build nuclear reactors in India and provide nuclear fuel
for its civilian energy program.

What kind of technology would India receive in return ?

India would be eligible to buy U.S. dual-use nuclear technology, including materials and
equipment that could be used to enrich uranium or reprocess plutonium, potentially creating the
material for nuclear bombs. It would also receive imported fuel for its nuclear reactors.

Recognizes that India has a good record on proliferation :

Although it is not a signatory to the NPT, India has maintained strict controls on its nuclear
technology and has not shared it with any other country.

Rewards India's decision to adopt similar nuclear export standards as those imposed by the
(N.S.G) :

India has thus far chosen to abide by the strict export controls on nuclear technology set by the
NSG, a group of forty-five nuclear-supplier states that voluntarily coordinates controls of nuclear
exports to non-nuclear-weapon states. Experts say if India chose to lift these voluntary
restrictions, it could easily sell its technology to far less trustworthy countries around the world.

What Impacts / Implications On Pakistan Looking Forward After The Both

India US Ties

If Pakistan could be motivated to agree to such limitations in exchange for becoming eligible for
peaceful nuclear cooperation and membership in the Nuclear Suppliers Group, it is difficult to
argue that such an arrangement would not significantly augment international security.

Chinas Role For NSG :

One of the negative implications of Indo-US nuclear deal for India is that both China and
Pakistan made a strategic shift in their relations and Pakistan was obliviously gainer. the Pakistan
Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) announced plans for 13 new nuclear power plants in the
next 25 years, for which the Pakistanis have admitted they were largely depending on China for
assistance.

Pakistan also demanded US to have such a type of deal with it. But United States did not respond
actively. This reveals that But the U.S-India nuclear deal, many think, is a dangerous policy that
could ignite an arms race in South Asia.

How Pakistan Can Counter Itself from The Both Countrys Deal :

PAKISTAN RUSSIA TIES :

PakistanRussia relations or Russo-Pakistani relations refers to the bilateral, historical,

cultural, and international relations between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Russian
Federation. The Soviet Union and Pakistan first established the diplomatic and bilateral relations
on 1 May 1948. Due to rapidly shifting global geopolitical interests by the end of the Cold War
and the ongoing U.S.-led War on Terror, Pakistani public opinion towards Russia has fluctuated
in recent years.

PAKISTAN CHINA TIES :

Pakistan recognized the People's Republic of China on 04 January 1950. Diplomatic relations
were established on 21 May 1951.when Pakistan was among the first countries to end official
diplomatic relations with thePeoles Republic of China recognize the PRC. Since then, both
countries have placed considerable importance on the maintenance of an extremely close and
supportive relationship. and the two countries have regularly exchanged high-level visits
resulting in a variety of agreements.

Military Relations :
There are strong military ties between People's Republic of China and the Islamic Republic of
Pakistan.This alliance between two neighboring Asian nations is significant geo-politically.