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Chemical characteristic of iron ore

Chemically, iron ore fines consist mainly of various oxides, including hydrated oxides and
axydroxides, and small amounts of gangue minerals. While the majority of the iron present in iron
fines is typically in the form of hematite (Fe2O), some iron ore fines also contain a considerable
amount of goethite (FeO (OH)), magnetite (Fe3O4), and other metastable forms of iron oxides. Key
impurities in iron ore fines include SiO2, Al2O3, S,P, MgO and CaO, as well as varying amounts of
components responsible for loss on ignition (LOI). The LOI components predominantly include
hydrated iron oxides and to lesser extent carbonates and other volatile minerals. Since the LOI
components are closely related to the ore mineralogy, there impact is discussed in a later section
on ore mineralogy. Iron ore fines from certain regions around the world may also contain certain
amounts of minerals containing Ti, V, Cu, As, cl, and alkali elements.)

Flotacion de xides

The predominant mode of collector adsorption in oxide mineral system involves electrical charge
effects. Perhaps the best understood case is that where the surfactant ions adsorbs as a counter
ion in the double layer; that is, the collector is an ion charged oppositely to the surface and is
attracted electrostatically. An example of electrostatic mineral-collector attraction is the
adsorption of negatively charged sulfonate ions onto positively charged alumina. On the other
hand, with a positively charged collector ion, such as the dodecyl ammonium ion, adsorption
occurs only when the mineral surface is negatively charged.

Thus, the pzc and the surface charge of the mineral are the most critical parameters controlling
mineral flotation with simple anionic or cationic collectors. The dependence of flotation response
on the sign and magnitude of the surface charge is illustrated in Fig.6, which is based on the
results of an investigation conducted by iwasaki et al. [30] of the electrokinetic and flotation
behavior of goethite, FeOOH, in the presence of a cationic collector and two anionic collectors.
The electrokinetic measurements in the absence of collector indicate that the pzc of goethite
occurs at pH 6,7, and thus the mineral surface is positively chatged in acidic solution and
negatively charged in alkaline solutions. Since H+ and OH- are potential-determininig for oxides,
pH is the most important variable in these systems. As shown in fig 6, goethite is positively
charged, and vice versa with a cationic collector. The separation of oxide minerals by flotation with
physically adsorbing collectors can be achieved by identifying the conditions under which the
minerals may de oppositely charged, and the causing the desired mineral to become hydrophobic
by adding either a cationic or a anionic collector.

For rapid flotation to occur, the collectors must adsorb in the stern plane, under which conditions
the collector ions associate into hemicelles. Since the tendency of the hydrocarbon chains of
surfactants to be expelled from water increases with chain length [eq 19], longer-chained
collectors function n more dilute solutions.
Figure 7 illustrates the effect of the chain length of alkyl ammonium collectors on the flotation of
quartz.

The adsorption of metal hydroxo complexes onto mineral surfaces results in mineral activation, a
phenomenon that has been found to have a significant effect on flotation processes. Activation in
nonmetallic oxide mineral flotation generally involves the linkage of an anionic collector to a
negatively charged mineral through the addiction of strongly adsorbing metal cations. Since
hydrolyzed metal cations are extremely surface-active, they will function best activators at the
incipient

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