UCSD Physics Departmental Written Examination Spring 1991Department of Physics University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0319 Written Departmental Examination - Spring, 1991 PART I Instructions Each problem is worth 10 points. This part has 9 problems, Some Information (for both PART I and PART II) Hydrogen radial wavefunctions: Rue em =—L_Q-Dern Ras (2a)? @ ap © 1 T_ eti2a (2ag)3 aov3 Ry Stirling's approximation nt = 2nn)!2 no en Gravitational constant G = 6.67 x 10-11 N-maskg2 Mass of earth M = 5.98 x 10% kg Radius of earth R= 6.37x 105m Mass of moon m=7.4x 102 kgProblem 1 A particle in three dimensions is in a state with wavefunction OD) = C iY 22 - Y29 + 2¥21) RO) where R(®) is some arbitrary radial wavefunction normalized such that [i R@OPrdr () Find a value of C that will normalize the wavefunction. and the Yim are spherical harmonics, (b) Ifa measurement of L, is made, what are the possible measured values and what are the probabilities for each? (¢) Find the expectation value of L, in the above state, Problem 2 A particle of mass m starts from rest at the edge of a hemispherical bow! which is held fixed. ‘The coefficient of friction between the particle and bow! is yz (@) Find the velocity of the particle when it reaches the bottom of the bowl under the action of gravity. (6) What condition determines the maximum value of yt for which the particle reaches the bottom?Problem 3 A particle of mass M and magnetic dipole moment m is placed on the axis of a circular current loop of radius a and current J (which is kept fixed), at a distance zo from the center of the loop. m is aligned in the direction of the loop field. (zo is not necessarily much greater or smaller than a.) (a) What is the force of attraction between the loop and m? (b) When m is released, it moves toward the center of the loop. What is its kinetic energy when it arrives there? (Assume that m is contrained to the z axis.) (©) If the particle is originally placed at the center of the loop, what is the frequency of small oscillations about this position for motion along the z axis? Problem 4 In an experiment in which J. Perrin determined the value of Avogadro's number Na, a suspension of globules of gamboge (p = .254 glem3) in water was suspended at a temperature of 20°C. The radius of the particles was 0.212 um. When the field of view of the microscope was taised by a distance of 30 um the number of globules seen was changed by 2.1 times, Find the value for N4. (R = 8.31 J/mol K)Problem 5 (@) _Whatis the value of the escape velocity from the moon's surface? (b) Why is the sky blue and the sunset red? (©) What is the range of wavelengths of visible light? (4) Write down the Lorentz gauge condition. (€) Whats the "second virial coefficient"? (Between H, He and Li, which has the lowest and which the highest ionization potential? Why? (g) What are typical Debye temperatures in solids? (hp) What is the mass of the proton? Problem 6 For purposes of electrostatics, a protein may be modeled as a medium with a low dielectric constant, say ép/e = 4. A charge Q is placed in a protein which is in aqueous solution (the dielectric constant of water is €,/é9 = 80). The electrostatic energy, compared with that of the same charge in an infinite medium with the same dielectric constant as the protein, is called the "solvation energy”. (@) Suppose that the protein is a sphere of radius a and the charge is at the center of the sphere. What is the solvation energy? (b) Real proteins are not spherical. Describe briefly how you would compute the solvation energy for a charge in a real protein of known shape. a (©) In general, how will the solvation energy change if ep/ey ~ 2? (Give an approximate 3 answer.)Problem 7 Show using a simple model with Newtonian gravity that the force of the sun on the earth's tides is about 1/2 that of the moon. In what phase of the lunar cycle (e.g., new, Ist quarter, full, last quarter) would you expect very high and low tides? Show the relative positions of earth, sun and moon in a diagram. ‘The earth loses angular momentum as a result of tidal friction. What result does this have on the motions of the earth and moon? mass of moon = 7.4 x 103 g mass of sun = 2x 103g av distance earth to moon = 3.8 x 1010 cm av distance earth to sun = 1.5.x 103 cm Problem § A beam of particles with energy E > 0 coming from -c» is incident on a potential step in one dimension, with V(x) = 0 for x < 0, and V(x) Vo forx > 0. Vo is a positive real number. (@) Find the general solution to the Schrédinger equation for this problem in the regions x>Oandx <0, (b) Determine the coefficients needed to satisfy the boundary conditions, (©) Calculate the reflection and transmission probabilities, and determine the total probability for reflection or transmission.Problem 9 A thin fiber of length L is stretched between two supports. The speed of propagation of transverse waves on the fiber is ¢ for both polarizations. (@) What is the contribution of these modes to the heat capacity of the fiber at low temperatures, assuming hc/L << kT? Leave any integral in dimensionless form to display the temperature dependence explicitly. (b) hati the heat capacity for hci. >> kT? fheDepartment of Physics University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California 92093-0319 Written Departmental Examination - Spring, 1991 PART II Instructions Each problem is worth 10 points. This part has 8 problems. Some Information (for both PART I and PART II) Hydrogen radial wavefunctior Rua Zeer =—L_2- bem Ras Caos @ %) & 30 Rip = —L_t_ even Stirling's approximation 2n)!? nee Gravitational constant G = 6.67 x 10-11 N-em2kg? Mass of earth M = 5.98 x 10% kg Radius of earth R=6.37x 106m ‘Mass of moon 4x 105gProblem 10 A peculiar thermodynamic engine operates according to the following diagram: Vv All lines in the above thermodynamic path are straight lines. AB is horizontal and BC is vertical. (@) Sketch what this diagram would look like in the p-V plane, (b) Suppose the gas used in the engine is an ideal gas with specific heat Cy = const per mole. Calculate the equation for the segment AC in the p-V plane. [This means obtain a function p(V) which describes the segment AC. Your answer may involve constants like S4,Sc,Va,Vc and n (number of moles).) Problem It Consider the scattering of a spin-1/2 particle via the interaction 1 V=AVy(x)s-p +s: pV ¥(x)] where Vy(x) = Vo SE 'y(x) = Vo is a Yukawa potential. (@) What is the Born approximation for the spin-flip scattering amplitude, i.e. for an incident beam polarized parallel to the incident momentum direction to scatter to an outgoing beam with spin opposite to the outgoing momentum direction? (b) Show that the scattering process violates parity, but preserves time-reversal invariance.Problem 12 ‘The 25yq state of hydrogen cannot decay to the ground state via a one photon process. (@) Prove the above statement. (>) Now turn on a weak electric field of magnitude €. If the splitting between the 2512 and 2P 7 states is Ez, and the lifetime for the one photon decay of 2P1q is tp, find the decay rate ts of the 2Siq state. The answer should be given in terms of tp, €, Er, and the Bohr radius ap, Problem 13 A solid cylinder of radius a, length J, and mass m, rolls inside a cylindrical groove of radius b > ain a block of mass M, as shown in the figure. The block rests on a frictionless horizontal surface. The moment of inertia of the solid cylinder about the cylinder axis is "= ma2/2, (@) Write the Lagrangian for the system using a clear diagram to label your generalized coordinates. () Using the appropriate small angle expansion, find the characteristic frequencies. (c) Discuss the normal modes. TITOTTETTII TTT TTProblem 14 Consider the scattering of an electromagnetic wave by a perfectly conducting sphere in the quasi-static limit (i.e. wavelength large compared to the radius of the sphere). The incident wave Propagates in the positive z direction, and the wave is plane polarized with the electric field in the x direction. (a) Find the electric dipole moment induced in the sphere by a uniform static electric field and the magnetic dipole moment induced in the (perfectly diamagnetic) sphere by a uniform static magnetic field. (b) Find the ratio of the scattered intensity in the x, y, and backward z directions to that in the forward z direction, Problem 15 A function y(x) obeys the differential equation. xy =0 (a) What is the general solution for y valid near x = 0 which has three independent constants of integration? (b) Almost all solutions of the differential equation will behave at large x as y =Cx%exp(Bx"), Find ot, B, y. Hint: Use the WKB method. © Atx=0, y=Ly 0. Find a power series expression for y(x) which is valid for all x. (d) Using asymptotic methods evaluate the series found in part (c) for large x. Show that the answer reduces to that found in part (b) and determine the constant C. Hint: Use Stirling's approximation. 10Problem 16 (2) Explain how the magnetic behavior of a “superconductor” differs from that of a “perfect conductor", (®) Give a simple derivation of Bragg's law for x-ray diffraction from a crystal. Explain how you would use your result to determine the spacings between crystal planes. (©) Describe how you would produce an electron beam with velocity ¥ and use its interaction with uniform electric and magnetic fields E and B, respectively, to etermine the charge-to-mass ratio e/m of the electron. Give expressions for the deflection of the electron beam in the E and B fields. Problem 17 A free electron Fermi gas of N particles is contained in a thermally insulated box of volume V at zero temperature. Its Fermi energy is ep. (@) The system is allowed to expand quasi-statically until its volume reaches V” Find the work done by the system on the environment, () Instead, the system undergoes a free expansion from V to V’ = 1.1 V. Find (approximately) the change in its temperature and give an order-of-magnitude estimate of the error in your result. ‘Note: Give your answers in terms of the given quantities er, V, and N. uPHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION Please insert on page . the Problem xo. 12 _ ana your tdentifteation No. © © = e e Sibir = 1s fda C3 Po ARG ean) CCP t 44) =/ td ath Te ch Lt Pp eland fon putty thn? Ly = of P= Zt ae Paea2 4 =0 a » Le Gifa- fi, 72K) HHL tL) GI fet2 fe) = 2[3: fem hy, ~ lene f, + (masa hon) a 42am fa OTR fy] Shs + 3i- tI KR, +e wicle> Lf 2 cl-3i) ee s vee holt & Me se) 428i -P Ee = - $y Note: If you use additional sheets for this problem. aumber the pages and staple them together.PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION score = 5 Please insert on page the Problem No. _2 7 and your Identiffeation No. . _2/ e e = = = = w Ban thon Tn Vm ged + ” Wp ers ) rs We nghebomk t frickin Wm 0 {tds + => (Yonge ads = c . TGR [Cede = sung Bk tHgR = 9 K eo fm wal gy We condigs 8 t= (ray =o oe yest Craving ont radial mccelemmbon of irate motor poets FE practi sre 4049 * ‘Note: Ifyou use additional aheets for this problem. number the pages and staple them together.PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION and your Identification No. . _2 7 © 27l c Please insert on page tag Probiem Mo. e = rand é st 27lat B= cage 4 4 3 a Me fo =hy (Bai) = 271 9 am c RG poe 23 4 o ae ar Lea ra eee ien (a ~ Oe 6d a Op b = (pb zines, 6 7 Ina*Z, o es Cla” UP ica * Favelmay a cane enutecker, Fog har § cofrret . Paige, Us kinks eneyy T = ~2U) Ua Gey = alm-Z) mBl,, ~ [o- a a] b U =e) At, he xkh bex/ U-u= wc Fete ewnigy of 2a 27La'm VS ew L Trey) = U-U, = 37lm “ear é. we, [é7lm Mea?PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION q [Score = Please insert on page 2 the Problem xo. % and your identification No. . 2 5 : = bs = = Stl: nene Rt a~ corned Ge ~ phon, remand Sem & =- As °F eb) apm At apt Ae Hehe. melee Bayt on he G-h) mf © Lorie k=u4k i Mw=kh = R A). LU erp &a/ “halle ALE x pF Be 43g Fn Y crags - F3/ = Depa F223 ree! © Lout ) Nove: Ifyou ue additional sheets for this problem. number the pages and staple them together.ho PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION Please insert on page the Problem No. —/ _ and your tdeatifteation No. . _27 : oa o c7 ca r a e cay Layt= Er / a Ve [RGM ~ [REET 7 Gp v = oie = P25T tftp ¥ Xe >= O Ye seittiviy 1m ack S ipthe f e E ONG satis, a pptnt ae ft Peli? une fe [fb tt Metta had oe Yap ‘Note: If you use additional ahests ‘or this problem. aumber the pages and staple them together.PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION Please insert on page , tag monte ng, _F se per tdenitenon No, 29 cw Fle o FEAF Kempe ta The silty energy sh (ir a oF © [6(—%)* 66h) HL, om 2 S. st se RY Elk a ORY we =_/F 2 a Fee~ ~&! a bh we EL n ; Fo Ye r2, Aint Onty will detey Not: Ifyou we additional sheets ‘or this problem. sumber the pages and staple chem together.PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION 1 [Score = Please insert on page we Problem No. 7 —/ and your tdentifiation No. _27 3 = cS 3 = = * ial % radia f el ar Le ES Eg z ‘Note: If you mse additional sheets for this problem. mumber the pages and staple them together.PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION 4 [Score = Please insert on page 2 2 the Problem No. and your Identification No. . o e = e e = e , , a) (wll copet Aeyh Gis 0? IP sy Fo ates ttaly we ee | a tow tes , a) bee 7 ) pa a p 7 wm eq @ ve, ited fpfin a C tL a celle, ahny Wha epeilibe, . ~ Shy en. We se are al P TPE Telew = mp ZT _ zt Gmint, at € Wl pe Te=S, ote: if you me addtional ahevts for this problem. suber the pages and sexple them together Was will) decnan FT cause hereae f Fe, Pat welll reutt am esecllatts,,PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION 10 [Score = Please insert on page 2 te Problem No. and your Identifeation No, - 2-7 a r er wr od a e the ach: [ fou = be Ae ve, ais -- Rx ~ Be PEK x mw ny / ano AGE spa. ch Ge so. (+A=2 Re A)=7f'p > pant! RE AS pi 2k OY er A=Sox 4 cs fore fos fk! ete AxRr 2k ge Beek [ected : R+7 = Note: Ifyou use additional sheets for this problem, sumber the pages snd staple them together.PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION Please insert on page the Propiem No, __7-/ and your tdeatiteation No. . 27 _ Ps ‘2 = = * Mokn. Jo mds one RaZe pene... Ug wtlify boxe sibel, eee cay w= ke fw, a et é aad ‘Note: Ifyou ase additional sheets ‘or this problem. aumber the pages and staple them together,% PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION + Please insert on page the Problem No. 772 _ = and your Identification No. e © Es wb ras Biro Oe On = he = Fy =2 53%, ” [re OF 4% % ke Lek LT 2 oF athe ere 68 EOE OE ao iat ee 26 Ge . = 27 op Om Se OF £ rte TK ~ Zhe ‘Note: Ifyou use additional aheets ‘or this problem, mumber the pages and staple them together,PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION |. () | Please insert on page the Problem No. _/0—/ Es * ET cee aed ae No. . ae a Gy re Peg adishetiz 4 ) oe RRL ae C Nis Me) t tay © aW >O Vv (p> 5 3 3 32 pr Neem OWE ds ~Paly SO f= de = ART v UGdT =Tde- z v@l=Tds oe dy ) Set See oe he ey ae SUT) = scy, 7) thd te hye a io AC. S= Loe Shes. a z w "s frm ve, aK TEV og, KeiSiWSe ig, a Se VA BEV = So lel pp Note: If you ue additional sheets for this problem, mumber the pages and staple them together.PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION [Score = Please insert on page the Problem no. _/0: w © =-2 and your Identification No. - = = = * Gls can fe siloed fer T=7Tw JS UU kD. Ve-% 3 a BS Soe “4 “GY ~Sa- neh K _ G 7a oop [5 ( (Key Ss a P= ART “em Grape se Ge = LRA) Kf a oh Ale ES Ue Blige (false - “4 ~ Be 2629 Bens 54, Note: If you use additional sheets ‘or this problem, sumber the pages und staple them together.abete ‘ PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION Please insert on page te Protea wee 7" (ana your teentitication no. 27 e er e wr wy eo e ket. p= eae =e Ly Fy" pa teeXy rb pder. f= (ch Cpls, = [mt x ik fae oie p= LB) the p cop a re Cog Cl. Oo) S, bay = -<£e% Ch 07 5 (2h) -pnber Los, (CY = al erk fap ~ yee Ke a8 seg Vea rg ote ta hee ‘Nove: Ifyou use additional sheets ‘or this problem. umber the pages end stxple them together.PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION pene set 74s tmeroniem ne, (72 and your tenitention no. «27 7 OE = = * LEG * OP Slit CO al-ate fe" % fe % x Pe eee 7 Aee ey PO '~ ~1980~%, ze Pe “age Se Mer ‘by Nove: If you use additional sheets for this problem. aumber the pages and staple them together.PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION Please insert on page tig rrobiam no, 2 ant your deatiteation No, 29 = = = = = = er i He pend tb i 15, at vs mea rrr ob fo saws %s Dux fo 1 S/F [25> =0 £ gp “ contin, Of,” aed 1S % net! Llores ne Not: Ifyou use additional ahee:s for this problem, wumber the pages and staple chem together,PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION. S Score = Please insert an page is Prenat kas error erence epee 7 a er 3 wr we oe w Pre) +f 2 roa. or ; a * Pa [b-06 22.6]* a ok: Pe [b-ag : L hig (ab eag ~ 27° gm a * ta hoayige a > PF chong L57-V admin wea one BNO TE EO Lacy ge ga PaGaL ga Gb cage —b-v 8% tag p 8-9) BF can 4 = FAM pm E? , Polos 2g + 5b) tng ok: Te ‘Note: if you use additional sheets for thia problem. number the pages and staple them together.PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION [Score = Please insert on page sig Probiem no, /3 "2 _ go your tdentifcation wo. 27 = * 3 = FER COME — mbna b cab = Pe = comet Xe rtbwb wae e cy ~* = ne Tea white feck by Lb ~a) 6 a Fie! ~ "bo gin am ere rm a LYE a gy "x FP !-V mp + fp: 22> C140 +8 mLebgs Lyap P47 o+ D me News Ufyou cme additonal abeets fo wis problem, aummber the pagen end staple them together,PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION Please insert on page the Problem No. _/3—3 _ and your ldentifteation No. ._27__ er e e we ca r-7 bw 7, second odie of 8. (od 6) i Ve Keattars guy = $ star) 5s a Ad WFO say 3h wrt g | Bellas £47 i hibor ae = 2 FG) Ary, 74 b-ay* + Lome w ~ (a 2766 - 78) Pay bas a Lpreny J cer = _htb-a) Game = Aida @ me Za x Pi Fes a Le Are . a frome whe fe=o Ea ft nll axel hy, PP =a thb-wy Wa é H = tba Cite Note: if you use additional sheets for th robles. aumber the pages and staple them together. ~f adPHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION [Score Please insert on page tne Problem No. LE" / and your tdentifeation No. . 27 od wy ez ca e <= Fa wifom Fate Peleet: fbf Ltr ee TPR REP 4 O Err fae atr=RK Ray ‘ fap,’ - 4 Pan An eps ating P= R~Hre kt whe hc Va é , i" (etal i £f tas = ZF p= RE cs , Ps Tlow ta pre art hunk 10 cau use the OME EG mgretes Lage. tnd gar whe aeult ty anct ee ot g 7 wa RiZg xX: Age Be FO Aone Bow Cee: fo to mnet ‘Note: If you use additional sheets for this problem. mumber the pages and stapla them together.PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION Please insert on page tag Problem no, (2 = 2 and your Wdentineasion No, . 27 * b Mow Fo 2 # dlewlr, a Ban FG Leuckn Pe same divchy, a, 2B, wal sf PY elite. dah seelbid, . . % Aadeetin, ) (YL, oO Gilstad, cobibes ) 7 - PE Su Bs F Lied, | ae ne sme sePhied 4. f dicen, ole ileus ff, echeumid J end fried} dicen, ot ll 2 case Note: Ifyou ue additional sheets for this problem. aumber the pages and staple them together. Re et CHL S frm Tee my dye 7PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION Please insert on page [e-1 ( the Problem No. _/ “/ and your Identification No. ._ 27 cg a e e e 2 Cer ee ys UDF aX hr ge 7 Career Fas / He yoo dls tm ay wa: or, 2. lure, ; SAL ye ake ; € 1 ot Por. Loe any: flo i VED + ee sap Bee rae chohy Gor, Ite ° by 4G My = 2, oe ; ry ag oe le Yay Ru a 2 ae Bey) ‘Note: i'yon ase additional sheets for this roblem. amber the pages and staple them together.PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION Score = Please insert an page (5-3 2 wae Prootem no. S73 and your tdentitcation wo. . 27 r = 3 * = © e - I-28 SS a (bere) bu rsylbnr ey cd) reed of consider Open Theo Ln Quer = (neo =Y) a =/ © et Cup aw Fy ” Im Ere ae ye y Nove: Ifyou use additional sheets for this problem. mumber the pages and staple tiem together.\ PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION Please insert on page eagrooien wo. E—/ a your reenineation no. 27 5 $ = 3 = = SH pA EMG Y tofuarrdealiy mecrial ut it aeimal 2EE, or #4 @ Pe fe Mg, ol ig, col oF Lown -amdeg e foo float cndlucting K# a) ee 6 7 2dob =2Q 2 ss : anther fom fh in PPaE ys real = on ve ) t Phe teers d= aA £h-<8 ' Owe can seid all 2h 200g 6, Ties pect smell Meforal vec an A me dinctin, hey 2 ‘ 7, eds wh xz Citic Te sete Lettre planer A al 0 How wena 2 ahs dish f 26 anGiheal pos \ Note you me uae heen thin poem. smber i page end sta shes gether )PHYSICS DEPARTMENTAL WRITTEN EXAMINATION [Score = 5” Please insert on page the Problem No. © © Note: If you tee additional sheets for this problem. amber the pages and stxple them together.