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Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform

aspects of sports, occupations and daily activities. Physical fitness is generally achieved through
proper nutrition,[1] moderate-vigorous physical exercise,[2] and sufficient rest.[3]
Before the industrial revolution, fitness was defined as the capacity to carry out the days
activities without undue fatigue. However, with automation and changes in lifestyles physical
fitness is now considered a measure of the body's ability to function efficiently and effectively in
work and leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist hypokinetic diseases, and to meet emergency
situations.[4]
Fitness is defined[5] as the quality or state of being fit. Around 1950, perhaps consistent with
the Industrial Revolutionand the treatise of World War II, the term "fitness" increased in western
vernacular by a factor of ten.[6] Modern definition of fitness describe either a person or machine's
ability to perform a specific function or a holistic definition of human adaptability to cope with
various situations. This has led to an interrelation of human fitness and attractiveness which has
mobilized global fitness and fitness equipment industries. Regarding specific function, fitness is
attributed to person who possess significant aerobic or anaerobic ability, i.e. strength or
endurance. A holistic definition of fitness is described by Greg Glassman in the CrossFit journal
as an increased work capacity across broad times and modal domains; mastery of several
attributes of fitness including strength, endurance, power, speed, balance and coordination and
being able to improve the amount of work done in a given time with any of these domains.[7] A
well rounded fitness program will improve a person in all aspects of fitness, rather than one, such
as only cardio/respiratory endurance or only weight training.
A comprehensive fitness program tailored to an individual typically focuses on one or more
specific skills,[8] and on age-[9] or health-related needs such as bone health.[10] Many
sources[11] also cite mental, social and emotional health as an important part of overall fitness.
This is often presented in textbooks as a triangle made up of three points, which represent
physical, emotional, and mental fitness. Physical fitness can also prevent or treat many chronic
health conditions brought on by unhealthy lifestyle or aging.[12] Working out can also help some
people sleep better and possibly alleviate some mood disorders in certain individuals.[13]
Developing research has demonstrated that many of the benefits of exercise are mediated
through the role of skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ. That is, contracting muscles release
multiple substances known as myokines which promote the growth of new tissue, tissue repair,
and various anti-inflammatory functions, which in turn reduce the risk of developing various
inflammatory diseases.[14]

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