Porosity -permeability correlation

(data from Darling, 2005)

Core data:
Core description Porosity and permeability
from Conventional Core Analysis

Depth in m Lithology Depth in m plug porosity kh in md plug porosity

616.0 ... 622.5 shale 620 0.020 0.01
622 0.020 0.02
622.5 ... 625.0 sandstone 624 0.111 22
625.0 ... 626.5 limestone 626 0.010
626.5 ... 637.5 sandstone 628 0.095 10.5
630 0.156 135.6
632 0.150 120
634 0.075 11
636 0.105 15.3
637.5 ... 639.0 shale 638 0.060 0.8
639.0 ... 652.0 sandstone 640 0.179 350
642 0.156 130

Plot permeability versus porosity:

1000
f(x) = 553577.73 x^4.50
R = 0.98

100

10
kh in md

sandstone
1 Power (sandstone)
limestone

0.1

0.01
0.010 0.100 1.000
phi
 kh in md

0.03 note: the data point for limestone is eliminated for regression

Derived regression:

5 4. 5
k h =5 . 5410
where permeability is in md and porosity as fraction

ndstone
wer (sandstone)
estone
Capillary Pressure Curves
(data from Darling, 2005)

Core data (SCAL):

System: Air-Brine Pressure Pc Sw

Sample 1 in psi
porosity phi 0.131 3 0.861
permeability k 67 10 0.617
25 0.388
50 0.290
125 0.239
200 0.216

System: Air-Brine Pressure Pc

Sample 4 in psi
porosity phi 0.179 3 0.730
permeability k 278 10 0.430
25 0.282
50 0.214
125 0.176
200 0.144

a) Capillary Pressure Curve

(laboratory data air-brine) in psi

200

150 1
4
Pc in psi .

100

50

0
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000
Sw

c) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure Curve versus elevation above FWL in m

200.00

150.00 1
4
ater level in m .

100.00

50.00
 c) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure Curve versus elevation above FWL in m

200.00

150.00 1
4

above free water level in m .

100.00

50.00

0.00
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000
Sw
 Conversion from air-brine (laboratory) to kerosene-brine (reservoir)
Depth of FWL (m) = 646
Parameter:
System s cos Q
Air/Brine 72
Kerosene/Brine 26

Capillary pressure in kPa elevation depth

above
air-brine kerosene/brine FWL in m in m
20.68 7.47 4.39 641.61
68.94 24.90 14.64 631.36
172.35 62.24 36.61 609.39
344.70 124.48 73.22 572.78
861.75 311.19 183.05 462.95
1378.80 497.90 292.88 353.12

Capillary pressure in kPa elevation depth

above
air-brine kerosene/brine FWL in m in m
20.68 7.47 4.39 641.61
68.94 24.90 14.64 631.36
172.35 62.24 36.61 609.39
344.70 124.48 73.22 572.78
861.75 311.19 183.05 462.95
1378.80 497.90 292.88 353.12

a)
ressure Curve b) Capillary Pressure Curve
a air-brine) in psi (converted to kerosene-brine) in kPa 1.000

500.00 f(x) = 0.826 x^

R = 0.973
400.00
Sw - Sw,irr

1
1
4
Pc in kPa .

300.00
4
200.00

100.00 0.100
1.00
0.00
J
0.600 0.800 1.000 0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000
w Sw

d) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure Curve versus depth in m

e Curve versus elevation above FWL in m

350.00

400.00
1
450.00 4
epthl in m .

500.00

550.00
 d) Water saturation from Capillary Pressure Curve versus depth in m
e Curve versus elevation above FWL in m

350.00

400.00
1
450.00 4

depthl in m .
500.00

550.00

600.00

650.00
0 1.000 0.000 0.200 0.400Sw0.600 0.800 1.000
 Analyse using Leverett function Analyse using Thomeer's equation
G

k 1 P
J (Sw)=Pc( Sw)
cos
V b, Pc
=e
( )
log c
Pd

V b , P
Sw,irr = 0.05
J-function calculated Input parameters
from laboratory data (in kPa) (iterative approximation)
Sw-Sw,irr air-brine kerosine-brine sample 1 sample 4
0.811 0.94 6.50 G -1.5 -1.5
0.567 3.14 21.65 pd in psi 1 1
0.338 7.85 54.14
0.240 15.71 108.27
V b , 0.12 0.08
0.189 39.26 270.68
0.166 62.82 433.08 V b, p 1. 5
V b, p 1. 5
c log ( p ) c log ( p )
c c
=e =e
0 . 12 0 . 08

0.680 1.64 6.50

0.380 5.47 21.65
0.232 13.68 54.14
0.164 27.37 108.27
0.126 68.42 270.68
0.094 109.47 433.08

a) J-function b) Thomeer (air-brine system)

1.000 300

f(x) = 0.826 x^-0.440 Lab-data sample 1

R = 0.973 250
Thomeer curve set
1
Sw - Sw,irr

200 Lab-data sample 4

Pc in psi

150

0.100 100
1.00 10.00 100.00
50
J-function

0
0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000

Sw
 Variable Sample 1 Sample 2
Pc Vb,Pc Vb,Pc
5 1.026 0.684
10 0.538 0.359
15 0.430 0.286
20 0.380 0.253
25 0.351 0.234
25 0.351 0.234
V b, p 1. 5 30 0.331 0.221
log ( p )
c
=e c 40 0.306 0.204
0 . 08 50 0.290 0.193
70 0.271 0.180
100 0.254 0.169
150 0.239 0.159
200 0.230 0.154
250 0.224 0.150
300 0.220 0.147

system)

data sample 1
meer curve set

data sample 4

600 0.800 1.000

Archie parameter

Part 1: Formation factor (F) vs. Porosity (phi)

Scal analyses data

For regression with two parameters (a and m) the first table (SCAL data) is used and plotted in plot a)
For regression with one parameters (m) the second table (logarithms of data) is used and plotted in plot b)

porosity F log por log F

0.10 89.3 -1.000 1.951
0.15 44.0 -0.824 1.643
0.17 33.4 -0.770 1.524
0.08 133.4 -1.097 2.125
0.14 43.3 -0.854 1.636
0.13 58.2 -0.886 1.765

f(x) = 1.28 x^-1.84 f(x) = N.aN x^N.aN

R = 0.99 a) R = N.aN
1000.0 2.000
f(x) = - 1.958x
R = 1.000
1.800

100.0
1.600

log (F)
F

1.400
10.0

1.200

1.0 1.000
0.01 0.10 1.00 -1.000 -0.900 -0.
phi
 Part 2: Resistivity index (IR) vs.water saturation (Sw)

used and plotted in plot a) Plug 1 Scal analyses data

a) is used and plotted in plot b) phi = 0.17
Sw I=Rt/Ro
1 1.000
0.8 1.612
0.6 2.956
0.4 8.056
0.35 10.150
0.3 12.890
0.28 16.200

x) = N.aN x^N.aN f(x) = 1.00 x^-2.19

= N.aN b) R = 1.00

2.000 1000.000
f(x) = - 1.958x
R = 1.000
1.800

100.000
1.600
log (F)

IR

1.400

10.000
1.200

1.000
-1.000 -0.900 -0.800 -0.700 -0.600 -0.500 1.000
0.1
log (phi)
Sw

Result: For Log Analysis is used:

a=
m=
n=
vs.water saturation (Sw)

Sw

Analysis is used:
1.00
1.96
2.19
phi
0.02
0.1
1
F
2121.20806
90.782053
1