Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Abortus Bang ring test: ABR test an agglutination test for brucellosis in cattle,
performed by mixing a drop of stained brucellae with 1 mL of milk and incubating
for 1 hour at 37C; agglutinated bacteria rise to the surface to form a colored ring.
Acid elution test: air-dried blood smears are fixed in 80 per cent methanol and
immersed in a pH 3.3 buffer; all hemoglobins are eluted except fetal hemoglobin,
which is seen in red cells after staining.
Acidified serum test: incubation of red cells in acidified serum; after
centrifugation, the supernatant is examined by colorimetry for hemolysis, which
indicates paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Acoustic reflex test: measurement of the acoustic reflex threshold; used to
differentiate between conductive and sensorineural deafness and to diagnose
acoustic neuroma.
Adson's test: one for thoracic outlet syndrome; with the patient in a sitting
position, hands on thighs, the examiner palpates both radial pulses as the patient
rapidly fills the lungs by deep inhalation and, holding breath, hyperextends the
neck, turning the head toward the affected side. If the radial pulse on that side is
markedly or completely obliterated, the result is positive.
Agglutination test: cells containing antigens to a given antibody are mixed into
the solution being tested for a particular antibody, with agglutination indicative of
antibody presence.
Alkali denaturation test: a spectrophotometric method for determining the
concentration of fetal (F) hemoglobin.
Ames test: a strain of Salmonella typhimurium that lacks the enzyme necessary
for histidine synthesis is cultured in the absence of histidine and in the presence
of the suspected mutagen and certain enzymes known to activate procarcinogens.
If the substance causes DNA damage resulting in mutations, some of the bacteria
will regain the ability to synthesize histidine and will proliferate to form colonies;
almost all of the mutagenic substances are also carcinogenic.
Anti-DNA test , antidouble-stranded DNA test: an immunoassay that uses
native double-stranded DNA as an antigen to detect and monitor increased serum
levels of anti-DNA antibodies; used in the detection and management of systemic
lupus erythematosus.
Antiglobulin test: (AGT) a test for non-agglutinating antibodies against red cells,
using antihuman globulin antibody to agglutinate red cells coated with the
amino acid position of the -chains and a glucose group; in normal persons this is
about 7 per cent of the total, in diabetics about 14.5 per cent.
guaiac test: one for occult blood; glacial acetic acid and a solution of gum guaiac
are mixed with the specimen; on addition of hydrogen peroxide, the presence of
blood is indicated by a blue tint.
Ham's test (acidified serum test): Test used in the diagnosis of paroxysmal
nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). The test involves placing red blood cells in mild
acid; a positive result (increased RBC fragility) indicates PNH or Congenital
dyserythropoietic anemia.
Histamine test:
1. Subcutaneous injection of 0.1 per cent solution of histamine to stimulate gastric
secretion.
2. After rapid intravenous injection of histamine phosphate, normal persons
experience a brief fall in blood pressure, but in those with pheochromocytoma,
after the fall, there is a marked rise in blood pressure.
Horse cell test: a modification of the Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn test for antibodies
associated with infectious mononucleosis, using horse erythrocytes instead of
sheep erythrocytes.
Huhner test: The postcoital test (PCT) (also known as Sims test, Huhner
test or Sims-Huhner test) is a test in the evaluation of infertility. The test examines
interaction between sperm and mucus of thecervix.
Hydrogen breath test a test for deficiency of lactase or other hydrolases or for
colonic overgrowth of bacteria, in which the exhalations are trapped and measured
after administration of carbohydrate, with excess carbohydrate fermentation in the
colon resulting in high levels of exhaled hydrogen.
Hypo-osmotic swelling test determination of sperm viability by placing a sample
in a hypo-osmotic solution, which causes swelling and curling of the tails
ofspermatozoa with normal plasma membranes.
Immobilization test: detection of antibody based on its ability to inhibit the
motility of a bacterial cell or protozoan.
Inkblot test(Rorschach test): is a psychological test in which subjects' perceptions
of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation,
complexalgorithms, or both.
Intelligence test: a set of problems or tasks posed to assess an individual's
innate ability to judge, comprehend, and reason.
intracutaneous test , intradermal test: skin test in which the antigen is injected
intradermally.
By: Amit VermaPIONEER PHARMA ACADEMY, SAGAR (MP) Page 5
CLINICAL & DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR GPAT
Nonstress test: (NST) the monitoring of the response of the fetal heart rate to fetal
movements by cardiotocography.
nontreponemal antigen test: any of various tests detecting serum antibodies to
reagin (cardiolipin and lecithin) derived from host tissues in the diagnosis of
theTreponema pallidum infection of syphilis.
Osmotic fragility test: heparinized or defibrinated blood is placed in sodium
chloride solutions of varying concentrations; increased fragility, measured as
hemolysis, indicates spherocytosis.
oxytocin challenge test (OCT): a contraction stress test in which the uterine
contractions are stimulated by intravenous infusion of oxytocin.
Pap test , Papanicolaou test: an exfoliative cytological staining procedure for
detection and diagnosis of various conditions, particularly malignant and
premalignant conditions of the female genital tract; also used in evaluating
endocrine function and in the diagnosis of malignancies of other organs.
patch tests: tests for hypersensitivity, performed by observing the reaction to
application to the skin of filter paper or gauze saturated with the substance in
question.
Patrick's test: thigh and knee of the supine patient are flexed, the external
malleolus rests on the patella on the opposite leg, and the knee is depressed;
production of pain indicates arthritis of the hip. Also known as fabere sign, from
the first letters of movements that elicit it
(f lexion, ab duction, e xternal r otation, e xtension).
Paul-Bunnell test: determination of the highest dilution of the patient's serum
that will agglutinate sheep erythrocytes; used to detect serum heterophile
antibodies in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis.
Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn test: a modification of the Paul-Bunnell test that
differentiates among three types of heterophile sheep agglutinins: those associated
with infectious mononucleosis and serum sickness, and natural antibodies against
Forssman antigen.
postcoital test: determination of the number and condition of spermatozoa in
mucus aspirated from the cervical canal soon after intercourse.
Precipitin test: any serologic test based on a precipitin reaction.
Projective test: any of various tests in which an individual interprets ambiguous
stimulus situations according to their own unconscious dispositions, yielding
information about their personality and possible psychopathology.
Psychological test: any test to measure a subject's development, achievement,
personality, intelligence, thought processes, etc.
By: Amit VermaPIONEER PHARMA ACADEMY, SAGAR (MP) Page 7
CLINICAL & DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR GPAT
conjunctival sac of the lower lid, with the end of the paper hanging down on the
outside.
Schwabach's test: a hearing test made, with the opposite ear masked, placing the
stems of vibrating tuning forks on the mastoid process first of the patient and then
of the examiner. If heard longer by the patient it indicates conductive hearing loss
and if heard longer by the examiner it indicates sensorineural hearing loss in the
patient.
Scratch test: a skin test in which the antigen is applied to a superficial scratch.
Sheep cell agglutination test (SCAT): any agglutination test using sheep
erythrocytes.
Sickling test: one for demonstration of abnormal hemoglobin and the sickling
phenomenon in erythrocytes.
skin test: any test in which an antigen is applied to the skin in order to observe
the patient's reaction; used to determine exposure or immunity to infectious
diseases, to identify allergens producing allergic reactions, and to assess ability to
mount a cellular immune response.
sperm agglutination test: any of various tests for the presence of antisperm
antibodies as a cause of infertility, based on the ability of large multivalent isotypes
such as IgM or secretory IgA to cross-link and agglutinate spermatozoa with such
antibodies.
Stress tests: any of various tests that assess cardiovascular health and function
after application of a stress, usually exercise, to the heart.
swinging flashlight test: with the eyes fixed at a distance and a strong light
shining before the intact eye, a crisp bilateral contraction of the pupil is noted; on
moving the light to the affected eye, both pupils dilate for a short period, and on
moving it back to the intact eye, both pupils contract promptly and remain
contracted; indicative of minimal damage to the optic nerve or retina.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): a projective test in which the subject tells a
story based on each of a series of standard ambiguous pictures, so that the
responses reflect a projection of some aspect of the subject's personality and
current psychological preoccupations and conflicts.
Thyroid suppression test: after administration of liothyronine for several days,
radioactive iodine uptake is decreased in normal persons but not in those with
hyperthyroidism.
Tine test: four tines or prongs, 2 mm long, attached to a handle and coated with
dip-dried PPD or Old tuberculin (OT) are pressed into the skin of the volar surface
of the forearm; 48 to 72 hours later the skin is checked for palpable induration
around the wounds.
treponemal antigen test: any of various tests detecting specific antitreponemal
antibodies in serum in the diagnosis of the Treponema pallidum infection of
syphilis.
Tuberculin test: any of a number of skin tests for tuberculosis using a variety of
different types of tuberculin and methods of application.
Unheated serum reagin test , USR test: a modification of the VDRL test using
unheated serum; used primarily for screening.
VDRL test [V enereal D isease R esearch L aboratory]: a flocculation test for
syphilis using VDRL antigen, which contains cardiolipin, cholesterol, and lecithin,
to test heat-inactivated serum.
Weber's test: the stem of a vibrating tuning fork is placed on the vertex or midline
of the forehead. If the sound is heard best in the affected ear, it suggests
conductive hearing loss; if heard best in the normal ear, it suggests sensorineural
hearing loss.
Widal's test: a test for agglutinins to O and H antigens of Salmonella
typhi and Salmonella paratyphi in the serum of patients with
suspected Salmonella infection.