Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
No, we will no longer emphasize the fact that around 100,000 workers (teachers
and non-teaching staff) will be displaced by K to 12. Anyway, similar crimes happen
every day in this pseudo-Christian country where workers are treated like disposable
diapers. And anyway, no one really cares about workers. In fact, government trolls, big
businessmen, bureaucrats, middle-class social climbers, the nouveau riche, and similar
elements seem to speak for the whole country when they say WHO CARES ABOUT
100,000 WORKERS? NO PAIN, NO GAIN! LET THE WORKERS STARVE, WE NEED
TO BE GLOBALLY-COMPETITIVE! (And in fact, theyre not joking: global hunger is
rising, hence, they probably think we should also hike the number of hungry people here
by creating a new curriculum that will fire at least 100,000 workers). HENCE, THIS
PAPER WILL LET OTHER NUMBERS SPEAK.
1) The Philippine government HAS NO ENOUGH FUNDS for adding two years of
senior high school, as evident in its failure to provide sufficient funding for the
old K to 10 (Kindergarten to Grade 10) or 10-year Basic Education Cycle and its
547 state universities and colleges (SUCs).
1
Source: http://www.gov.ph/2014/03/05/p9-5b-to-fund-hiring-of-31335-teachers/ and World Bank Database
Online
2
Hence, even if DepEd claims it has resolved the backlog in classrooms and
teachers, the teacher-student ratio in the Philippines IS FAR FROM IDEAL and
drastically affects the over-all quality of education. Let us bear in mind that DepEd in
fact acknowledges that there are still classroom backlogs in populous areas, as DepEd
Assistant Secretary Jess Mateo says in an interview2. Teachers also complain that a
number of classes go beyond the ideal DepEd teacher-student ratio. ACT Teachers
Partylist Rep. Antonio L. Tinio, in the explanatory note to House Bill No. 443 3 or An Act
Regulating Class Size in All Public Schools and Appointing Funds Therefor (July 2013)
emphasizes that (i)t is no longer uncommon to see teachers handling classes with 60
to 80 students. The said bill is still pending as of this writing. With regard to class size,
DepEd is actually AGAINST the proposed Public School Class Size Law that is aimed
at limiting class size to 35, and granting a large class honorarium (3% of the teacher's
hourly rate per student in excess of the proposed legislated standard class size of 35)4.
2
https://anc.yahoo.com/video/teachers-group-backlogs-current-system-043852231.html
3
http://www.congress.gov.ph/download/basic_16/HB00443.pdf
4
https://www.facebook.com/act.teachers/posts/815341928534570
5
As the Philippines is a tropical country, and considering that the average temperature has risen globally in recent
years, airconditioning is increasingly becoming a must to make students and teachers comfortable during study
time
6
http://www.act-teachers.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/HB-245-salary-increase-teaching-and-non-
teaching1.pdf
3
Elem. Class-size far Libraries too Some teachers Some low-paid local
and from global small or lack bring/buy their government unit-funded
HS standards up-to-date own materials teachers still await
books in many tenure/granting of
2-3 class shifts schools Most permanent status
in some places classrooms
dilute learning Computer lack LCD Some maintenance
and/or internet projectors, and personnel are non-
Classes in a access in computers permanent and/or
number of libraries limited overworked
schools go or non-existing (According to
beyond DepEd, the House Bill No. 2457 (July
DepEds own Computer textbook- 2013) that will increase the
ideal class laboratories too student ratio is minimum public elementary
size small or not so now 1:1) and high school teachers
up-to-date salary from 18,000 to
25,000 pesos and the
Inadequate minimum non-teaching
sanitary staffs salary from 9,000 to
facilities in 16,000 pesos still pending
some schools
Most
classrooms
lack air-
conditioners
7
http://www.act-teachers.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/HB-245-salary-increase-teaching-and-non-
teaching1.pdf
8
https://isyungpnu.wordpress.com/tag/merging-of-classes/
9
http://www.act-teachers.com/struggling-for-the-regularization-of-teachers-in-higher-education-act-teachers-
rep-tonchi-at-a-consultation-forum-with-bulsu-faculty/
4
Few or no overworked
journal
subscriptions House Bill No. 24610 (July
2013) that will increase the
Computer and minimum SUC instructors
other salary from 23,000 to
laboratories too 26,000 pesos still pending
small or not so
up-to-date
Inadequate
sanitary
facilities in
some schools
Most
classrooms
lack air-
conditioners
Hence, instead of adding two years of senior high school, the government should
prioritize resolving the deficiencies shown in Tables 1 and 2. Resolving those
deficiencies will certainly optimize the quality of PH education and pave the way to a
clearer and more fruitful debate on whether or not adding two more years in the
education cycle is still necessary. Adding two more years of senior high school without
resolving the deficiencies of the K to 10 education cycle will only exacerbate current
problems. Adopting global standards should begin by resolving the aforementioned
problems first.
The best way to start adopting global standards is to adopt the global standard in
allotting budget for the education sector, which is pegged at 6% of the GDP. As Tables
3 and 4 shows, both richer and poorer countries beat the Philippines with regard to
following global standards on the education sector budget. Unless this problem is
remedied, there is no reason for any sane citizen to believe that the government can
provide funds for the smooth, efficient, and effective implementation of K to 12.
10
http://www.act-teachers.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/HB-246-salary-upgrading-SUCs.pdf
5
Take note that as per DepEds standards, 70 is the passing score. Thus, as the
figure above proves, the average current performance of students in both elementary
and high school is below the passing score! In other words, most students actually fail
the NAT.
11
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002303/230331e.pdf
8
The national passing rate for takers of Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET)
from the year 2009 to 2013 is also dismal, according to a study conducted by Philippine
Business for Education (PBED)12:
Results for takers of other professional examinations are also bad or at least not
as good as they should be, as proven by the next table:
Examination National Passing Rate and Year
Registered Electrical Engineer (REE) 59.82% (2014)13
Licensure Examination
Licensure Exam for Pharmacists 56.30% (2015)14
Licensure Exam for Civil Engineers 49.48% (2014)15
Electronics Communications Engineer 35.24% (2014)16
Board Exam
Nursing Board Exam 57. 31% (2014)17
The cumulative impact of the failure to improve the quality of education in the
basic education cycle primarily caused by the governments inability to resolve the
very basic problems in personnel, facilities, and instructional materials is to blame for
the mess at the tertiary level. Hence, adding two years of senior high school without
resolving the old problems, will be a total waste of time and money.
https://www.senate.gov.ph/publications/PB%202011-02%20-
%20K%20to%2012%20The%20Key%20to%20Quality.pdf; DepEd Facts and Figures (04 July 2013):
http://www.deped.gov.ph/datasets/deped-facts-and-figures; http://www.rappler.com/nation/86496-luistro-
philippines-ready-k12; http://www.rappler.com/nation/84320-worst-case-scenario-k-12-displacements
19
Costs which are not typically mentioned in government documents, but are nevertheless actual costs that will be
incurred if K to 12s implementation is to be effective and complete
20
Computed at 1,000,000 pesos for each of the DepEds 5,020 schools that will offer senior high school
21
Assuming that the cost of a course-specific laboratory is at least twice the typical cost of an ordinary classroom
685,004 pesos as per DepEd data, and that each of the DepEds 5,020 schools that will offer senior high school, will
each build 3 laboratories.
22
Assuming that the cost per teacher is 7,000 pesos annually (equivalent to two 3-day seminar-workshops per
year)
23
LCD projectors at 15,000 pesos and desktop computers at the same price, for each of 55,150 classrooms
24
Other materials at 100 pesos per student (assuming that there are around 2,000,000 students)
10
25
At 150 pesos per textbook; MTB-MLE-oriented textbooks for Mother Tongue Subject, Math, Science (only for
Grade 3). Araling Panlipunan/Social Studies, Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao/Values Education, and MAPEH/Music,
Arts, Physical Education and Health. MTB-MLE-oriented textbooks are certainly more expensive, considering that
writing textbooks in most mother tongues other than Filipino or Tagalog is a new thing, and that ideally,
primary level textbooks should be printed with colors.
26
At 3,500 pesos per teacher. This is aside from subject matter training, which is different from MTB-MLE training.
27
Assuming that the cost per teacher is 7,000 pesos annually (equivalent to two 3-day seminar-workshops per
year)
28
CHEDs worst-case scenario puts the number of displaced teaching staff at 55,480. As per the CHED-DOLE Action
Plan, each faculty member will receive 30,000 pesos monthly, for 2 years.
29
CHEDs worst-case scenario puts the number of displaced non-teaching staff at 22,838. As per the CHED-DOLE
Action Plan, each non-teaching staff will receive 6,000 pesos monthly, for 2 years. Considering that this amount
is so small, for this paper, the figure was doubled to reach 12,000 pesos which is still below the proposed 16,000-
peso legislated national minimum wage.
11
To prove that the Philippine government CANT PROVIDE SUFFICIENT FUNDING for
the K to 12 program, observers need to look at the Philippine education sectors
budget30 through the years.
Take note that the Philippine government needs to hike the education sector
budget by at least 100,000,000,000 pesos, and as previous budgetary data prove, it is
nearly impossible to do that unless if it acquires more loans for the K to 12 scheme,
which is by the way allowed by the K to 12 Law. In fact, even public schools on their
own can seek loans, under the said law.
USAID, AusAID, and Asian Development Bank (ADB) Support for K to 12 in the
Philippines
Activity Date Funding Funding Agency
Basic Education Sector 2014-2019 $150 million AusAID
Transformation Program34
Curriculum Comparison 2011 No Data AusAID
Study for the Philippines Available
Basic Education Sector
(University of Melbourne35)
Analysis of the Basic 2011 No Data AusAID at SEAMEO-Innotech
Education of the Available
Philippines:Implications for
the K to 12 Education
Program36
Basa Pilipinas (National 2013 No Data USAID
37
Training of Teachers) Available
32
USAIDs support for K to 12 in the Philippines is proven by the following reports:
http://www.pbed.ph/content/private-state-and-local-hei-heads-endorse-historic-%E2%80%98manila-declaration-
higher-education%E2%80%99; http://www.usaid.gov/philippines/press-releases/us-government-supports-deped-
national-training-trainers-k-12-program; http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JXG4.pdf;
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/432293/us-supports-teacher-training-for-k-to-12-implementation;
http://www.pbed.ph/content/pbed-conducts-regional-round-table-discussions;
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/364853/time-for-leapfrogging-reforms-in-higher-education;
http://www.rexpublishing.com.ph/teacherslounge/shs/teachers-resources/08-09-10-
14/DepEd%20NCR%20Ms.%20Jennifer%20Vivas%20Aug.9%202014_K%20to%2012%20Curriculum%20Orientation.
pdf. USAID provides funding for pro-K to 12 groups such as the Philippine Business for Education (PBEd), and USAID
has programs that directly supports. Two pro-K to 12 researches were funded by AusAID in the Philippines:
https://www.academia.edu/3814475/Analysis_of_the_Basic_Education_of_the_Philippines_ at
http://education.unimelb.edu.au/arc/projects/completed/phil;
http://issuu.com/deped.philippines/docs/k_to_12_integrated_report_ausaid_in. Heres another report that
proves AusAIDs active support for K to 12 in the Philippines:
http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/470880/20130524/australia-philippines-australian-aid-ausaid-ambassador-
bill.htm#.VKzr8NKUeSg. The following report from the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade proves
that their government funds K to 12 in the Philippines:
http://aid.dfat.gov.au/countries/eastasia/philippines/Pages/default.aspx.
33
See http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2013/07/12/new-world-bank-president-philippines-
poised-to-accelerate-reforms-for-more-and-better-jobs
34
See http://aid.dfat.gov.au/countries/eastasia/philippines/Pages/default.aspx.
35
See http://aid.dfat.gov.au/countries/eastasia/philippines/Documents/appr-philippines-2011.pdf at
http://education.unimelb.edu.au/arc/projects/completed/phil
36
See https://www.academia.edu/3814475/Analysis_of_the_Basic_Education_of_the_Philippines_
37
See http://www.usaid.gov/philippines/press-releases/us-government-supports-deped-national-training-trainers-
k-12-program
13
4. Both government and private schools CANNOT COPE UP WITH the demands
of the K to 12 Program, especially with regard to the creation of a two-year senior
high school scheme.
In fact, out of 7,748 public high schools, only 5,020 will offer senior high school.
Meanwhile, out of 5,130 private high schools, only 274 are authorized to offer senior
high school. In a Facebook post44, DepEd claims that it is planning to establish 196
DepEd stand-alone senior high schools. This will certainly fail to address the
anticipated needs of more than 2 million prospective senior high school students.
DepEd further claims in another Facebook post45 that an additional 1,116 private
schools will be given permit to offer senior high school on March 31, 2015 but such
number would still be not enough to provide service for all prospective senior high
school students. It must be also emphasized that most poor families will refrain from
sending their children to private senior high schools because the total cost of private
education will always be greater than the total cost of public education. Hence, the
DepEd should consider equipping ALL PUBLIC SCHOOLS to offer senior high school.
DepEd will soon be flooded with complaints and protests with regard to the lack
of ample senior high schools facilities. Government schools are so ill-prepared to
implement the K to 12 Program that the governments ACTION PLAN (23 June 2014)
38
See http://newsbytes.ph/2012/07/24/deped-usaid-to-assess-public-school-computerization-program/
39
See http://www.radyonatin.com/story.php?storyid=2589
40
Shown in Greenbelt and Glorietta Cinemas at Makati City. Heres the YouTube copy:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDKip3XzqCk
41
See http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/364853/time-for-leapfrogging-reforms-in-higher-education
42
See http://www.adb.org/news/adb-300-million-loan-aids-philippines-shift-new-basic-education-system
43
Batay sa http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/05/17/943036/deped-seeks-specialized-high-school-
programs-under-k-12
44
https://www.facebook.com/DepEd.Philippines/photos/a.380071542052546.85463.359105487482485/85986336
4073359/?type=1
45
https://www.facebook.com/DepEd.Philippines/photos/a.380071542052546.85463.359105487482485/85986360
4073335/?type=1
14
assumes that 400,000 or 36% of the 1.1 million Grade 10 finishers of public junior high
school will transfer to non-public senior high schools. For this transfer, the government
intends to spend at least 6,000,000,000 pesos (S.Y. 2016-2017) and 12,000,000,000
pesos (S.Y. 2017-2018), for the so-called voucher program. This voucher program is
nothing but the de-facto privatization of the senior high school scheme under K to 12:
students who cannot be accommodated by public senior high schools can instead enroll
in private schools, using vouchers from the government, which brings us to the next
point.
6. Two years of senior high school are financially burdensome to poor families,
considering that the Philippine government IS STILL SILENT on whether or not it
will fully subsidize the two-year senior high school scheme. The government
WILL HAVE TO FULLY SUBSIDIZE senior high school, OTHERWISE, there will be
another reason to say the K to 12 Program is patently unconstitutional as it
violates Article XIV, Sections 1 and 2.
46
http://monthlyreview.org/2011/07/01/neoliberal-education-restructuring/
47
http://monthlyreview.org/2011/07/01/education-and-the-structural-crisis-of-capital/
48
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/the_dismal_science/2014/07/sweden_school_choice_the_coun
try_s_disastrous_experiment_with_milton_friedman.html
15
49
See http://www.poea.gov.ph/stats/Stock%20Estmate%202009.pdf
50
Includes hard-to-fill jobs
51
See http://www.greencardlawyers.com/greencards/occupation-based/schedule-a.html
52
See http://www.greencardlawyers.com/greencards/occupation-based/schedule-a.html
53
See: http://www.forbes.com/sites/emsi/2013/03/07/americas-skilled-trades-dilemma-shortages-loom-as-most-
in-demand-group-of-workers-ages/.
16
54
Data for Saudi Arabia, UAE, Malaysia, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore are based on the Analysis of In-Demand
Skills and Hard-to-Fill Positions for Overseas Employment of the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration
(POEA)-Welfare and Employment Office-Employment Branch: http://www.poea.gov.ph/docs/in-demandSkills.pdf
17
55
Based on Analysis of In-Demand Skills and Hard-to-Fill Positions for Overseas Employment ng Philippine
Overseas Employment Administration (POEA)-Welfare and Employment Office-Employment Branch:
http://www.poea.gov.ph/docs/in-demandSkills.pdf
56
Covered by the Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSWP) and Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP) of Canada:
http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/skilled-immigrants-recruited-in-50-occupations-ahead-of-express-entry-launch-
1.2673822.
57
Covered by FSWP and FSTP in Canada
58
Covered by FSWP and FSTP in Canada
59
Covered by FSWP and FSTP in Canada
60
Covered by FSWP and FSTP in Canada
61
Covered by FSWP and FSTP in Canada
62
Covered by FSWP and FSTP in Canada
63
Covered by FSWP and FSTP in Canada
18
64
Covered by FSWP and FSTP in Canada
65
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL): http://www.immi.gov.au/Work/Pages/skilled-occupations-
lists/sol.aspx.
19
66
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
67
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
68
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
69
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
70
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
71
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
72
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
73
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
74
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
75
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
76
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
77
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
78
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
79
Covered by Australias Skilled Occupations List (SOL)
80
Saklaw ng Shortage Occupation List ng United Kingdom:
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/308513/shortageoccupationlista
pril14.pdf
20
Development
81
Professionals
United Kingdom Nurse82 STEM Strand
Caregiving (NC II)
United Kingdom Animator in Visual Animation (NC II)
Effects83
United Kingdom Graphic Illustration (NC II)
84
Designers Arts and Design Track
Technical Drafting (NC II)
United Kingdom Welder85 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (NC I)
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (NC II)
United Kingdom Chef86 Cookery (NC II)
Food and Beverage Services (NC II)
Hong Kong Housekeeper Household Services (NC II)
Housekeeping (NC II)
Singapore Chemical Engineer STEM Strand
Singapore Mechanical Engineer STEM Strand
Singapore IT Programmer Computer Programming (NC IV)
One, the average salary of college graduates are higher than non-college
graduates as the following figure says. We do not want our young people trapped in
low-wage jobs, especially under contractual employment set-ups tolerated if not
encouraged by pro-capitalist and anti-labor governments around the world.
81
Saklaw ng Shortage Occupation List ng United Kingdom
82
Saklaw ng Shortage Occupation List ng United Kingdom
83
Saklaw ng Shortage Occupation List ng United Kingdom
84
Saklaw ng Shortage Occupation List ng United Kingdom
85
Saklaw ng Shortage Occupation List ng United Kingdom
86
Saklaw ng Shortage Occupation List ng United Kingdom
21
Considering that the K to 12 Law has been enacted only in 2013, it just logical
that children who started their Kindergarten education on that year be the first batch to
undergo the K to 12 scheme, if the next round of discussion and debate favors the
adoption of K to 12. Hence, logically, if K to 12 is adopted, its implementation in college
must start in 2025. That will give us ample time to prepare the whole education system
for an overhaul.
One last note, actually, the only quantitative research on this matter cautions
against adopting a 12-year Basic Education Cycle. In the study Length of School Cycle
and the Quality of Education by UP Professor Abraham I. Felipe and Fund for
Assistance to Private Education (FAPE) Executive Director Carolina C. Porio, it was
found out that (t)here is no clear empirical basis in TIMSS to justify a proposal for the
Philippines to lengthen its education cycle...There is no basis to expect that lengthening
the educational cycle calendar-wise, will improve the quality of education...
Felipe and Porio further emphasized that: The value of the 12-year cycle is
ultimately a matter of weighing the large and certain costs against the uncertain gains in
lengthening the education cycle. However, one can adopt a guideline in weighing these
costs and gains. One such guideline may be that individuals who are inconvenienced by
non-standardised cycles should be the ones to bear the costs of reducing those
inconveniences. People in the farms and small barangays should be spared the burden
of a system that will not benefit them. The government could help those interested in
foreign studies and work placement by supporting an appropriate system of
assessment, rather than tinker with the whole cycle length. This solution addresses the
alleged problem in a more focused way and does not indiscriminately impose on every
Filipino the costs of meeting the needs of a few.
19 March 2015