Introduction

Damage leads to failure and failure leads to fracture

Failure modes

Fracture
A body is separated into two or more pieces in response to static imposed stress

Fatigue
Material failures occur under repeated dynamic and fluctuating stresses

Creep
Deformation occurs at elevated temperature
FATIG Fatigue = failure under cyclic
stress.

UE
is a form of failure that occurs in structures subjected
to dynamic and fluctuating stresses
specimen compression on
Adapted from Fig.
bearing top 8.16,
counte Callister 6e. (Fig.
8.16 is from
motor r Materials Science in
bearing Engineering, 4/E by
Carl. A. Keyser,
flex coupling Pearson Education,
Inc., Upper Saddle
tension on River, NJ.)
bottom

It is possible for failure to occur at a stress level considerably lower than the
tensile or yield strength for a static load.

The term fatigue is used because this type of failure normally occurs after a
lengthy
period of repeated stress or strain
cycling.
 Stress varies with time.
--key parameters are S and sm

Key points: Fatigue...

--can cause part failure, even though smax
< sc. --causes ~ 90% of mechanical
engineering failures.
CYCLIC STRESSES
The applied stress may be
axial (tension-compression),
flexural (bending), or
torsional(twisting) in nature
 THE SN CURVE
As with other mechanical characteristics, the fatigue properties of materials can be
determined from laboratory simulation tests.

fatigue strength
fatigue limit fatigue life

See ASTM Standard E 466, Standard Practice for Conducting Constant Amplitude
Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic Materials, and ASTM Standard E 468, Standard Practice
for Presentation of Constant Amplitude Fatigue Test Results for Metallic Materials.
fatigue limit fatigue life
fatigue strength
FACTORS THAT AFFECT FATIGUE LIFE

Mean Stress

Increasing the mean

stress level leads to a
decrease in fatigue life

Surface Effects
Design Factors
Answer:
Answer: