Summer vocational

training 2013
TATA STEEL
DIGWADIH COLLIERY

SHAILESH KUMAR SINGH

LAMAN AKHTAR

MANGAL HANSDA
 SUMMER VOCATIONAL TRAINING
TATA STEEL
DIGWADIH COLLIERY
Bachelor of Technology

In

Mining Engineering

SHAILESH KUMAR SINGH (1008042)

LAMAN AKHTAR (1008006)

MANGAL HANSADA (1008053)

Department of Mining Engineering

Birsa Institute of Technology

Sindri-828123

2013

FROM:
15 TH JUNE TO 15 JULY 20013
 TATA STEEL

DIGWADIH COLLIERY

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the entitled SUMMER VOCATIONAL

TRAINING In Jamadoba Colliery, Jharia division, TATA STEEL
from 15nd june, 2013 to 15st july 2013 submitted by Mr.
SHAILESH KR. SINGH bearing the roll number 1008042 & Mr.
LAMAN AKHTAR bearing the roll number 1008006 and Mr.
MANGAL HANSADA bearing roll no. 1008053 pursuing
Bachelor of Technology in Mining Engineering at Birsa
Institute of Technology, Sindri is an authentic work carried
out by him under my supervision and guidance.

DATE:
 INDEX
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... 4

2. INTRODUCTION 5

a. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

b. HISTORY OF MINE

c. GEO MINING PARAMETERS

d. SEQUENCE OF OCCURRENCE OF SEAM

e. LAYOUT OF COLIERY

f. ORGANISATION

g. HAULAGE

h. BELT CONVEYOR

i. PUMPS

3. METHOD OF WORKING. 20

4. SSR FOR DEPILLARING PANEL 11 SEAM / 11-S 23

5. DEPILLARING OPERATIONS. 25
6. STOWING... 26

7. DEVELOPMENT OPERATIONS...... 27

a. ROOF BOLTING

8. SSR FOR DEVELOPMENT WORKINGS IN 9TH SEAM......30

9. SOLID BLASTING ......32

10. PRESSURE BALANCING IN 14TH SEAM. 35

11. MINING MACHINERY . .39

a. ROOF BOLTING MACHINES

b. LHD

c. SDL

12. HOISTING & WINDING SYSTEM 45

13. NITROGEN PLANT......................... 59

14. FAN HOUSE. 62

15. STOWING CHAMBER.... 64

16. SAFETY
 Acknowledgement

We would like to express our gratitude to all those who gave

us the possibility to successfully complete Summer Training
at Digwadih Colliery in authority of Tata Steel.
I sincerely thank all the officers of Digwadih Colliery,
especially Mr. Jasbir Singh , head Digwadih Colliery ; Mr.
Sanjeev Thakur , deputy head Digwadih Colliery ; Mr. Rajeev
Kumar Dutta , senior manager safety ; Mr. Sanjay Kumar,
senior manager ventilation ; Mr. Debashish Mukherjee ,
senior manager maintenance ; Mr. Dharmveer Bhartee ; Mr.
Ravi Ranjan Singh ; Mr. Ishwar Mahto ; Mr. D.B. Singh ; Mr.
Arun Kumar ; Mr. Sanjay Das for their esteemed support &
co-operation.
 INTRODUCTION
NAME OF THE MINE:-TATA STEEL LTD. DIGWADIH COLLIERY ,JHARIA DIVISION

LOCATION OF MINE:-

Digwadih colliery is located on the western side of jharia-sindri road about 5 km from jharia. The
position of the colliery as per survey of Indian map is latitude 23.41.40 to 23.43.00 and longitude
86.23.00 to 86.24.30 east.

HOW TO GO:-

It is connected to Dhanbad via Jharia by road. The nearby railway station is BHAGA from which mine
is about one and half kilometer away via east ways.

NEIGHBOURING MINES:-

DIGWADIH colliery is surrounded by following mines:

1. North : JAMADOBA colliery (TATA STEEL)& 6 AND 7 PIT (TATA STEEL)

2. North-east : LODNA colliery (BCCL)

3. East : JEALGORA mine (BCCL)

4. East : BHULAN BARAREE (BCCL)

5. South : MOHULBANI colliery

6.North west : Jeetpur colliery

History of Mine: -

On 09/02/1918 Raja Shri durga Prasad Singh granted mining lease in favour of M/s. central jharia
Coal Company.

On 02/03/1918 M/s. central jharia Coal Company transferred the lease to M/s. Indian Collieries
Syndicate.

On 17/04/1918 M/s. Indian Collieries Syndicate transferred the lease to Tata Iron & Steel Company
for a period of 999 years.

Initially only SDL machine was used but recently LHDs & Road Header machines are installed to
increase the production.

GEOMINING PARAMETER:-
1. LEASE HOLD AREA :-
The total lease hold area lies between northing (94730 to 94800) grid meters of survey of India
national grid. Total lease hold area of colliery is 777.49 acres. Initially the colliery belonged to Indian
colliery syndicate and TISCO was granted lease on 17.04.1918 for 999 years. Mining lease of
Digwadih Colliery lies between 23o 41 40 to 23o 43 00 North Latitude and 86o 23 30 to 86o 24
30 East Longitude. It is having boundary with 6&7 pits Colliery at North, Mohulbani Colliery at
South, Jealgora Colliery and Bhulanbarari Colliery at East and Jamadoba Colliery and Jeetpur Colliery
at West. In Digwadih Colliery all the coal seams of Barakar measures of Jharia coalfield starting from
XVII to VI seam have been encountered.

RESERVE: -
SEAM RESERVE ( TONNE )

XV SEAM 13,79,969

XI SEAM 6,19,865

IX SEAM 20,26,578

VIII SEAM 48,80,000

VII SEAM 50,20,000

TOTAL 1,39,26,412

2. SURFACE FEATURES :-
There are mainly main Jharia coal line and Bhutgria leaf line belonging to southeastern railway.
PWD road along the right most boundary line. The companys residential quarters and private guest
house, number of quarters, seasonal ponds, oil (filled up) quarries, the aerial way belonging to TISCO
& JSEB.

3. SEAM & DEPOSIT CHARACTERISTICS :-

(i)Thickness:

Presently the mining is gaining on the 11th and 9th seam. Their thicknesses are 7.31m and 2.94
meter respectively.

(ii) Dip: The entire seams dip, more or less uniformly with a gradient of 1 in 6.8

(iii) Depth of occurrence:

Depth varies according to the seam belting worked. 11th and 9th seam working in between 350m &
500m depth from the surface.
(iv) Overlying & underlying strata:

Both roof and floor is sandstone which is large and weak in strength. The average RMR is 34.5, which
is not good, hence roof is weak.

(v) Gassiness: Degree III

(vi) Grade of coal: Washery -3 grade

(vii) Water conditions: The seepage water causes problems in the 9th seam rapidly.

4. Geological Parameters:-
Digwadih Colliery has not been affected by any major fault or dyke. But, a number of small faults and
dykes have been encountered during the working of the seams, which have mostly died down within
the leasehold itself. The dykes are mostly found on the western side of the property i.e. near the
boundary with Jamadoba colliery. All the coal seams have been affected by Bhulanbararee thrust on
the southern side of the lease. This has caused sharp change in seam inclination which is generally 1
in 7 in the direction S76o50W to extend of the 1 in 4 to 1 in 2 on the southern side of the property.

Faults: - 2 in number, throw 1.5 m, thickness 0.2 to 0.45 m

9th seam 5th level 6 dip

11th seam o level 1ND

Dykes: - 10 -12 in number, many dykes present.

Sills / folds: - nil

Sequence of occurrence of seams : 11

ORGANISATION
Head (Mine Manager)- Mr. Jasbir Singh

Senior Manager
Operations- Mr. Sanjeev Thakur

Maintenance- Mr. Debashish Mukherjee

Safety-Mr. R.K. Dutta

Ventilation- Mr. Sanjay Kumar

Manager
Ventilation-Mr. D.B. Singh
 HR/IR- Mr. Vishal Matale

Survey- Mr.Bhashkar Mitra

Mining
- Mr. Ravi Ranjan Singh

- Mr. Dharmveer Bhartee

- Mr. Naveen Kumar

- Mr. Ishwar Mahato

- Mr. Madhurendra Singh

Engineer
-Mr. Sanjay Das

- Mr. Arun Kumar

- Mr. A.K. Dubey

Haulage:-
- Direct haulage, 75 HP motor, 22mm rope: - In main access dip galleries & drifts between seams.

- Endless haulage, 50 HP motor, 19 mm rope: - in levels connecting Dip galleries & drifts.

- 125 HP haulage, 25 mm rope in 6 level

Safety devices: -
- Stop block

- Run-away switch

- Buffar

- Man hole [1.8 m x 1 m x 1.2 m]

- Signal [audio & visual signaling system]

- Notice board

- Fencing

- Back stay
- Sprag

- Tub re-railer

- telephone

BELT CONVEYOR:

Specification related to belt conveyor:

belt:
a) Make: Fener Plast

b) Characteristics: solid oven, fire resistant, anti-static, PVC belt

c) Thickness: 8.5 mm 9 mm; 9 mm to 10 mm

d) Width: 30 inches ( 750 mm); 36 inches ( 900 mm)

e) Reel length: 199 m to 204 m (per reel)

Drive:
a) 40 HP drive (63HP; 60HP may be used)

Make: Crompton Greaves / Kirlosker

Gear ratio: 25:1

Size: U 1000

Number of pulleys: 6 no.

a) Discharge pulley, b) Snub pulley, c) Driving pulley

d) Take-up pulley, e) Bend pulley, f) Tail-end pulley

- All pulleys except the driving pulley have the same diameter

pulley

Shaft dia.

Face width

Diameter of the pulley = 400 mm ()

Diameter of the shaft = 100 mm ()

Face width = 1065 mm / 42

- Take-up pulley is fitted with the winze for increasing the tension in the belt depending on the load.
- Take-up pulley can be also replaced by the gravity pulley.

Mechanical power transmission for 40HP DRIVE

LAYOUT OF THE 100HP DRIVE BELT CONVEYOR

a) Discharge pulley; b) Primary drive; c) Secondary drive

- The wrap angle in this type is more than 400 as the wrap angle adds up.

- Both the primary and secondary drives have the same pulley diameters.

PUMPS:

PUMP SPECIFICATIONS:

SPECIFICATIONS
A 15D/2L Type III, 9 CHR, 350 kW, CROMPTON GREAVES, 800 GPM

B 15D/2L Type III, 8 CHR, 350 kW, CROMPTON GREAVES, 800GPM

C 3D/17L Type III, 5CHR, 210 kW, BHEL, 800GPM

D 3D/17L Type III, 4 CHR, 300 kW, CROMPTON GREAVES, 800 GPM

E 2D/18L 6L, 100 HP, 1000 GPM

F 2D/11L Type III, 7 CHR, 320 kW, CROMPTON GREAVES, 800GPM

G 2D/11L 6L, 100 HP, BECOM

H 14 SEAM PIT BOTTOM Type III, 9 CHR, 300 kW, CROMPTON GREAVES, 800 GPM

I 14 SEAM X CUT 6L, 100 HP

Method of Working :-
The current mine workings are: -

-Depillaring with stowing operations in 11th seam, panel 11/S.

-Development workings in 9th seam 6/s section with LHD.

- Development operations in 9th seam Dip section with LHD.

The 11th seam is thick and having an average thickness of 7.31 m. The method of extraction is multi
lift Board & pillar i.e. in two slices leaving a parting of 1.91 m, the line of extraction is kept diagonal.
Manner of Pillar extraction: -
Method of working is same for all sections, SDLs are deployed along with scrapper chain conveyor &
belt conveyor systems, depillaring along with stowing is carried out.

Bottom section : -
1. Each pillar in bottom section is divided into three parts by dividing a central dip split and level split
not exceeding 4.2 m in width & 2.4 m in height, the remaining stook from corner to corner should
not be less than 18.3 x 18.3 m.

Gallery = 4.20 m X 2.40 m

Rectangular stook size = 40.8 m X 13 m & 23.6 m X 18.3 m

Pillar size = 45 m X 45 m

Factor of safety for 40.8 m X 13 m stook = 1.057

Factor of safety for 23.6 m X 18.3 m stook = 1.114

2. The original galleries and the split galleries covering not more than two stocks are left unstoned at
any time in the entire panel .

3. Splitting of pillar shall commence from the dip in bye end and proceed systematically to rise out
by side maintaining a diagonal line of extraction and avoiding formation of V in the line of
extraction .

Top Section : -
- After splitting pillars in the bottom section and completely stowing with sand hydraulically , the
development in the top section starts .

- The development in the top section is done by dividing galleries 4.2 m in width & 3 m in height
along the roof of seam leaving a solid parting of 1.91 m between the top & stowed bottom sections .

- During development the coincidence of verticality of the top section with original pillars in bottom
section is maintained .

- The parting between the top & bottom section is checked at every possible point by means of
boreholes , in case voids are present , the borehole is reamed and voids are filled from top sections .

- Each pillar is divided into two equal parts by driving a centre level split not more than 4.2m in width
& 3 m in height along the roof leaving a solid parting of 1.91 m between top & stowed bottom
sections .
- Each half of the pillar is extracted by driving dip slices not exceeding 4.8 m in width & 3 m in height
, towards the goaf & maintaining a rib of coal not less than 2.4 m in thickness against the adjacent
goaf . the ribs of coal may be reduced judiciously , retreating from the slices .

- Keeping above restriction in view the width of slice in each half pillar is so adjusted that while
driving the last ( out by most ) slice , a block (rib) of coal about 3m in thickness is also left against
adjacent original gallery . the block of coal may be reduced judiciously of retreat of the original
gallery .

- The void created , as a result of driving slices , including a part of original & split gallery is
completely stowed with sand .

- Not more than two slices are left unstowed in te entire panel at any time and voids should not be
adjacent of each other .

- Extraction of pillars starts from the dip in bye & proceed systematically to rise out by side
maintaining a diagonal or step diagonal line of faces and avoiding the formation of V in the line of
extraction .

Systematic support for depillaring panel 11seam/11-s

1. support of original galleries and split in bottom & top section:

Splits and original galleries lying within two pillars under extraction or 30m from pillar shall be kept
supported as: - all the original and split galleries shall be supported by roof bolts of 1.9m in length
and 20mm diameter in grid pattern of 1.2m x 1.2m

2. support of goaf edge :

-All goaf edges shall be supported by steel/wooden cogs at 0.3m in 6+intervals. In between lag
wooden prop shall be work as indicator prop.

3. support of working face / slices :

- The slice shall be supported by full column grouted roof bolts with quick setting cement in grid of
1.2m x 1.2m.

4. Support of sides: sides of original galleries split and slice shall be supported with two roes of side
bolts in grid pattern of 1.2m x 1.2m.

- The front row of roof bolts shall not be at a distance of more than 0.6 m from the face.

- On one side of the gallery and split rows of props shall be set at maximum interval of 2.0m in the
same row.

- No timber, which is less than 16cm in diameter, shall be used.

- All wooden cogs shall be provided with four corner props.

- At least 10% of the roof bolts shall be tested for anchorage and a proper record thereof shall be
kept.
- The bolts and cement shall be of such design / quality that an anchorage of at least 6.0 ton is
available within 2 hours of installation of bolts.

- The roof bolts shall be 1.9m in length (including thread) and 20mm diameter with preferably ribbed
surface. A bearing plate of 150mm sq. and 6mm thick must be tightened below each roof bolts
against the roof.

- Additional support shall be erected as and when necessary.

Depillaring operations: -
The current practise of depillaring follows the following method of operation: -

1. The out bye galleries of the pillars are completely stowed.

2. A central level split 4.8mx3m is driven across the pillar.

3. From the stowed end of the pillar a dip slice 4.8m x 3m is driven from the split level while leaving
a rib pillar not less than 2.4 m wide from the end.

4. Similar slices are driven to extract the pillar leaving a rib not less than 2.4m, once the previous
slice has been extracted and filled.

5. The coal left in the rib pillar may be judicially extracted while extracting coal from the dip slice.

6. Similar method is used to extract the other half of the pillar through original galleries.

STOWING
Sand stowing in underground mines is yet another effective means of coal conservation, which is
widely in use for extraction of coal pillars from underground coal seams lying below built up areas,
such as important surface structures, railway lines, rivers, nallahs, jores, etc. which otherwise would
have resulted in locking of coal in pillars. Stowing also helps in the extraction of thick seams in
several lifts increasing the percentage of extraction.

- BARRICADING: It is done using timber and mats. Purpose of doing this is to stop the sand from
coming out and allowing the water to flow through the mats. An iron bar is used at the bottom for
support so timber does not slip.

- PIPE LAYING: a mixture of sand and water is sent from the stowing plant (at a depth of 80 feet from
the surface) to the void through a network of pipes which connect them. These pipes are supported
from the ceiling with the help of small chains. These pipes are removed when stowing is done and
the void is packed.

- All possible supports like COG, timber are removed at the time of stowing.

- STOWING PLANT: This is the place where sand and water are mixed for the purpose of stowing. We
have 2 bunkers here to store sand with a capacity of 800 tons and 900 tons, which makes the total
capacity of 1700 tons. Sand is separated from big stones at the surface with the help of rods (which
form grill). Then the sand is allowed to fall on the conveyer belt and at the end of this belt it is mixed
with water. The chamber is called mixing chamber. The mixture is allowed to go to the pipes via grill
rods to remove the small stones and pebbles from the sand water mixture. Stowing speed varies
from 80 to 150 tons per hour.

The stowing rates for 2/s panel is 50 te/ hr while for 11/s panel it is 65 te/hr .there are 1.5 te sands
are required for 1 te extraction of coal.

Development Operations
Development i.e. formation of pillars by driving dip-rise & level headings is done by solid blasting
method.

Operations: -

-inspections
- Dressing

- Drilling

- Charging

- Blasting

- Fumes/dust clearance wait

-water spraying

- Supporting freshly exposed roof. Roof bolting.

- Dressing & loading

-Repeating the operations.

1. Dressing: - mostly done by a single miner in which loosely held coal after blasting is removed such
that to get a solid face for drilling operations, all overhangs are removed. Average time required for
dressing is about 10 mins .

2. Drilling : -

- Wedge cut drilling pattern.

- 16 holes in a face with hole diameter = 35 mm . Drilled by electric coal drilling machine (chanda
electric drill).

- Drill rod of 6 feet(1.8 m), turbine type.

- Coal bit, eccentric.

- Stemming rod is wooden, 6 feet.

- Dry drilling is performed.

-the cycle time of drilling is average 32 min for 16 holes .

3. Charging: - explosive used is power gel explosive mainly 3 are used i.e. senate permitted 5000,
senatel permitted 1000, pentadiene permitted.

Two types of detonators are used i.e. carric delay detonator or coal delay detonator.

Inverse initiation is followed for detonation.

Per hole 3 explosive cartridges are fed at the hole end and rest is stemmed with sand or cement
capsules (no. 2).

Pentadyne and power gel explosives are used in Digwadih colliery .

4. Blasting: - blasting by detonating with the help of electronic exploder. Rhyno exploder is use for
blasting here.

5. Supporting: - supporting for freshly exposed roof is done by Rana roof bolting machine for which
compressed air comes from compressors installed nearby and water is used for drilling the holes.

Dust generated by grinding action of Rana roof bolting, fall with water.

And water jet helps in drilling action.

Roof Bolting (supporting freshly exposed roof)

After each blast , face is advanced to pull distance & thus there comes in existence the freshly
exposed roof which need to be supported prior to the drilling of face , after blasting all overhangs &
loose coal is removed by dressing specially at the loading place , then after loading is done the roof is
supported with rock bolts with cement grouting with the help of air legs via stopper & rana roof
bolting machine which runs on compressed air , It takes about 6 to 7 minutes in putting one roof
bolt .

Supporting procedure (SOP) with rana roof bolting machine

Unsupported roof

Dressing

Indicator prop

Grid making as per ssr

Check wire mesh in air & water hose

Cleaning of leg with water

Lubrication of leg

Use 2, 4, and 6 drill rods

Pour oil in lubricator

Lever of air and water

Flush air & water

Inserting drill bit in rod

Inserting drill rod in machine

Drilling of 2, 4, 6 drill rods

Soaking of cement capsule/resin capsule

Inserting soaked cement capsules

Inserting adopter in chuck

Insert roof bolt on adopter

Inserting roof bolt in hole

Tightening of roof bolt

Systematic support for development working in 9th seam

1. Support of every development working within 10 meter of face:

- the roof shall be supported in full column grouted 1.8m long roof bolts with resin grout installed at
maximum interval of 1.0 m in the same row such that distance between the bolts and the side of
pillar shall not be more than 0.4m.

- All the roof bolts shall be vertical as far as practicable.

2. support of sides in every development working within 10 meter of face:

- The sides shall be fully dressed and supported by full column grouted roof bolts at interval of not
exceeding 1.2 m between the bolts in same column.

- The distance of the bolts from the floor shall not be more than 1.2 m.

3. Support of the junction including those immediately out bye of development face:

- The junction 4.8m x 4.8m shall be supported with the extra 5 resin grouted bolts with w-straps or
channel.
- All junctions shall be additionally supported by a cog erected in one side of the junction.

4. Support for ledges, overhangs and visible slips or breaks:

- All ledges in the root shall be supported by two wooden cross bars or cross bar of iron 116 mm x
110 mm at interval of not more than 1.2 m.

- All overhangs which cant be dressed down shall be kept supported by roof bolts at an interval not
exceeding 1.2 m.

5. Support of fault planes:

All fault planes shall be supported with r.s. joists made of 116mm x 110mm I section girder which
will rest on same section upright or steel cogs at 1.2m interval.

6. Support of gallery more than 4.8m width:

In case of gallery where by any reason the width has increased more than 4.8m, the same shall be
supported with wooden cogs at 2.4m interval on the rise side of gallery.

Roof Bolting: -

1. General guidelines for roof bolt design:

- Roof bolts shall not be less than 20 mm in diameter made of torsion steel

- Length of the bolts shall not be less than 1.95m out of which threading shall be 15cm.

- The bearing plate shall not be less than 15cm x 15xm in area and not less than 6 mm in thickness.

2. installation of roof bolts :

- As per design, the holes shall be drilled to the correct diameter and length with a suitable drill, the
hole diameter shall not be more than 8mm to 12mm the bolt diameter.

- Installed as soon as roof has been exposed, under the direct supervisor.

3. Measurement of bolts performance:

- Anchorage capacity test shall be conducted a random for not less than 10% of the installed bolts
and tags shall be put up to 1 pillar from face for identification.

- The bolts shall be tested for minimum anchorage strength of 3tons in hours and 10 tons in 2
hours.

- The test shall be conducted under direct supervisor or over man.

- Monitoring of strata behavior: The stability of the gallery and the junction shall be monitored by
using convergence recorder at suitable interval.
4. Miscellaneous:
- The timber used in construction of cog shall not be less than 1.2m in length and shall have at least
two side joggled flat to provide suitable surface.

- The positive supports are set at solid floor and not on loose packing material. The small be kept
tight against the roof to ensure maximum contact between timber and the roof.

- Additional support shall be erected as and when necessary.

SOLID BLASTING
Permission has been given under regulations 173(9), 175(5) and 168(15) of CMR, 1957 for
conducting solid blasting in coal with P-5 explosives in 11th seam.

LIMITATIONS:

1. No explosive other than P5 explosives and no detonator other than permitted type of non-
incidence short (milli sec) delay detonators shall be used for this purpose.

2. a) The pattern of holes, the amount of charge in each hole etc. shall be laid down by the manager.

b) In devising the pattern of shot holes. The estimated period of delay between the first and last shot
of the rounds shall not exceed 0.15 sec.

The estimated period of delay between any two consecutive shots shall not exceed 0.06 sec.

The minimum distance between two adjacent shot holes of different delays shall not be less than
0.6m between the portions of shot holes containing the portions of shot holes containing the
explosive charge.

3. a) All precautions stipulated in the CMR-57 with respect to transport, storage, handling, charging
and firing of permitted explosives in below ground working of coal mines, shall strictly complied
with.

b) VENTILATION: In the section where solid blasting is to be done, ventilation shall be adequate
enough to ensure at least 284 m3 of air per minute up to 45m of the force.

c) Tests for inflammable gas shall be made at ends within a radius of 20m of the place of firing with
an approves type of methanometer by A.S.T manager 0.5% or more inflammable gas is found at any
place in the solid blasting zone.

d) The ventilation shall be adequate enough to ensure dilution at CO and oxides of nitrogen in
blasting terms to less than 50 ppm and 50 ppm respectively, within a period of 5 min. In addition, no
person shall be allowed to re-enter the place where the blasting operation has been done with their
explosives unless a period of at least 15 minutes has elapsed from the time of blasting.
4. The permissible maximum charge of the above explosive in a shot hole is 565 gm. in degree II
gassy seam. Shot holes shall be inversely initiated. Stemming material shall be in seeded at the
bottom of the hole before charging of explosive.

5. The shot firing operations shall be carried out only by a person holding either a managers or an
over mans certificate or a sardars certificate with proper training in the technique or delay blasting
and specifically authorized by the managers to carry out blasting off the field.

6. The shot firer:

a) Shall not fire more than 25 shots in one round.

b) Shall strictly adhere to the pattern of shot holes and charge per hole etc. laid down by the
manager and over man.

c) Shall carry out all statutory provisions and take necessary precautions as regard to inflammable
gas etc. as laid down under regulation 175 of CMR,1957.

7. a) The explorer shall be of an approved type and shall be maintained in perfect working condition.

b) The shot firer shall be unnamed to take due precautions for the high voltage output of the explore
while handling the same.

c) The cable of shot firing shall be of an approved size and of adequate type for the minimum voltage
output of employee.

d) All connections between the shot firing cable and the detonator leads as well as between the
consecutive leading wires shall be adequately insulted.

8. No solid blasting shall be done within 60 m of geological disturbances.

9. The root of gallery lying within 10m of working face and loading points of the districts shall be
kept supported systematically by a system of quick setting type of supports.

10.

a) If at any time, any of the condition subjected to which this permission has been granted is applied
with the permission shall be deemed to have been revoked with immediate effect.

b) In the event of any change in the circumstances connected with the permission which is likely to
endanger the life of persons, the operation to which this permission has been granted shall be
stopped forth with and intimation therefore.

c) This permission may be amended or withdrawn at any time if considered necessary in the interest
of mines safely.
d) This permission is being insured with of prejudice to any other provision or law that may be or
may become at any time.
Pressure balancing in 14th seam : -
It was found that coal in 14th seam was undergoing spontaneous combustion by methods of gas
detection as invariable changes in % of CO , CO2 & O2 was found in development workings , thus to
avoid mine fire & to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal all the development headings were
sealed off & nitrogen flushing through isolation stoppings is carried out to reduce % of O2.

To reduce heating & combustion of coal , beside nitrogen flushing dynamic pressure balancing is also
carried out in 14th seam by making artificial pressure chambers & thus regulating the pressure
difference across isolation stoppings sealing the fire area .

Pressure Balancing Technique:

Pressure difference across the sealed off area/stoppings can be minimized by a technique called
Pressure Balancing. In this technique, the different branches of the ventilation network around the
affected zone and secondly the remaining pressure is balanced by adjustment of airflow rates
through pipes & pressure chambers, specially designed for this purpose.

Balancing of pressure is achieved by judicious adjustment of airflow rate, in two ways:-

Through the different branches of the ventilation network

Around the affected zone

Through the adjustment of airflow rates through pipes and pressure chambers, specially designed
for this purpose.

Theory of Pressure Equalization:-

For Neutralization of pressure differential across a fire stopping the following procedure is adopted:-

Pressure chamber for the purpose of Pressure Balancing is constructed by erecting a thin brick
stopping at a distance of 2-3 m from the isolation stopping

Two pipes are laid, connecting the pressure chamber to main as well as return airways.

Air Sampling pipe through the isolation stopping is used to measure the pressure differential
across the isolation stopping by a manometer.

Differences in pressure (if any), is balanced by adjusting the airflow through these pipes.

Pressure drop across the fire stopping is monitored carefully for 24 hrs to establish a range of
pressure variation.

Airflow rates in the relevant circuits are adjusted in such a manner that the pressure difference
across the fire stopping is reduced to minimum
 The remnant pressure is neutralized by adjustment of airflow rates through that pressure chamber
and pipes connecting the pressure chamber to the main as well as return airway.

Limitations:-

For controlling fire, the balancing has to be maintained round the clock for several days (extending
to over years in some cases)

Evidently, it needs expert attention over a long period for perfect balancing of the pressure
differential.

Roof bolting machines:-

Basically two machines are being used in Digwadih colliery for roof bolting.

1). RANA PNEUMATIC THREE STAGE ROOF BOLTER

2). STOPPER ROOF BOLTER

1. Stopper roof bolter machine:

Description: This machine is basically used for hard coal/rock bolting. It can support hard coal/rock
than Rana roof bolter m/c because of reciprocator rotary motion. In Rana roof bolting m/c only
rotary motion is there. This machine is being used at 11-S panel in 11th seam undergoing depillaring
for roof supporting.

2. RANA PNEUMATIC THREE STAGE ROOF BOLTER:

Description: This machine is rotary and non-percussive in nature. It operates with pressure between
60 and 100 psi and can be used with appropriate drill steel for wet drilling.

Compact Design:
It consists of three major sub-assemblies.

1) Leg assembly

2) Rotary unit

3) control arm assembly

Specifications:
- Operating air pressure 551-760 kpa or 80-100 psi
- Air consumption 2.83 3.4 m3/min

- Stall torque - 160-200Nm

- Chuck free speed - 700 rpm

- Water flow rate 54ltr/min or 12 GPM

- Noise - < 95db

- Weight - 43-48kg

- Make Suraj innovative technologies

Standard leg thrust at 100psi

Stage I 1125 kgf

Stage ii 804 kgf

Stage iii 616 kgf

LHD (LOAD HAUL DUMP)

Specifications:-

-Electro hydraulic machine

- Bucket capacity 2.7m3 3 m3

- Model 912E

- Make EIMCO ELECON INDIA LTD

- Running gradient 1 in 6 to 1 in 7

- Tire mounted m/c 4 tire : size 14:25

- Electrical motor- 100 hp

- Power supply through slip rings

- Motor transmission through axle coupled with tire couplings

- Safety devices

- Park break mechanically applied and hydraulically released

- Foot pedal switch

- Temp. switch
- Float switch
- Audio visual alarm

- Cable reeling limit switch

SDL (SIDE DISCHARGE LOADER)

Specifications:

- Electro-hydraulic machine

- Crawler mounted machine

- High turning radius as compared to LHD

- Able to operate in poor floor conditions

- Average speed :-

- loaded 1 kmph

- Maximum(EMPTY) 2 kmph

- Bucket capacity 1-1.5m3

- Safety switches :-

- Dead man switch

- Low oil level

- High oil temperature

- Negotiable Gradient 1 in 5.5

Comparison: SDL and LHD

- Load haul dumper (LHD) has tires whereas in side discharge loader (SDL) has a crawler mounted
structure.

- LHD is faster than SDL (SPEED)

- Capacity of LHD is almost 2 times that of SDL

- LHD discharges from its front end using a cylinder piston plate combination whereas SDL can
discharge from both its side.

- The areas or gallery in the LHD district is more level or say clean when compare to SDL district
because in SDL spillage is more than LHD
- There is a drum to roll the trailing cable at the end of LHD but is not there in SDL. This needs people
holding the cable all the time when SDL is working, this needs more man power.

- The production in LHD district is almost two times that of SDL district.

Hoisting & Winding System

For hoisting & winding men and material , ground mounted drum winders are equipped at Digwadih
colliery , 2 in number one for each 9 & 10 pit shafts .

Features of Drum winding system: -

1. Guide rails/rope

Rigid guides are used where the clearance between the cage and shaft lining is small , 4 guides for
each cage one end of guide rope is attached to the suspended weight below the pit bottom

Guide ropes / rails are periodically lubricated externally by the cadmium compound, ropes are
protected from the external dust / moisture.

2. Bell plate

Bell plate / detaching plate fixed with the head frame about 5-6 meter below the head sheave , the
winding ropes passes through these plates , in case of over winding the cage rests on these bell
plates .

3. Keps gear

Purpose of Keps: - After banking on a level platform the cage rests on the Keps.

While putting the mine tubs or men inside cage, Keps are put in by levers (automatic toggle
mechanism) when the cage rests on Keps, the rope may slack if drum keeps on rotating, after the
tubs are placed in the cage is taken up and the Keps are put out, when the cage moves down there
will be a sudden jerk in rope capel arrangement thus recapping of rope is done.

There exist interlocking system between Keps and drum motor electrical circuits/relays moved either
by pneumatic or electrical power.

4. Safety catches: - as a safety device in case of over winding.

5. Tension weight: - to maintain verticality of guide ropes /rails.

Winding ropes: -
Generally stranded or fully locked coil rope are used, diameter depend on the static load. The drum
diameter must be approximately equal to 100 timer the rope diameter. The factor of safety should
be at least 10 .
Winding rope dia -35 mm

Tests by CMRI: -

- Tests for tension.

- Bending of individual rope.

- Reverse bending test.

- Fatigue test.

Safety devices: -

- Mechanical brake / friction brake.

- Automatic contrivances (prevents over winding, over speeding, ensures slow banking), lilys
controller.

- Reverse direction prevention switch (power trips if by mistake drum rotates in opposite direction).

- Depth indicator.

- Detaching hook & safety catches.

- Wedge arrester of the descending cage in case of over winding.

Suspension gear arrangement: - The winding rope is attached to the mine cage with the
help of assembly known as suspension gear arrangement. Each & every component of suspension
gear have a factor of safety about 5-8, after 5 years it need to be changed.

The suspension gear arrangement consist of: -

I. Rope capel

It is the device which carries / holds / attaches the winding rope to suspension gear arrangement.
There is maximum load at the junction where rope is attached to capel, as per the regulation after
every 6 months the rope need to be recapped.

Recapping : - 3 meter rope from capel is cut & sent to CMRI for strength testing and then rope is
again clamped within capel.

All wires of the rope are segregated in the capel (inverted cone, 6 inch) & lubricated by petrol etc.

The cone/socket/capel supported on a stand is pre heated at about 100 degree centigrade , the
White metal alloy ( 5%Sn , 15%Sb , 80%Pb ) is poured inside the cone/socket at temperature of
about 300-350 degree centigrade , the complete assembly is then allowed to cool naturally . The
white metal will grip the wires of winding rope.

II. Links
III. Detaching hook

Purpose of detaching hook: - basic requirement for safety demanded by mining laws. this is a device
which will come into operation if other safety equipment fails to prevent the over winding (winding
engine fails to stop at the end of normal wind, cage do not stop at the platform & moves up collide
to the headgear structure / sheave, about 20 meter of over winding distance is given so that the
operator can stop the cage), in the absence of such device the ascending cage could be taken up to
the head frame to collide with the winding sheave. Detaching hook is must for all types of drum
winders; it works in conjunction with bell plate (5-6 m below head sheave) through which rope
passes

The detaching tool serves the following function: -

- It releases the winding rope from cage.

- It prevents the cage from falling by suspending it on the bell plate when the rope is released

IV. Head plate / distribution plate

V. Cage chains ( 6 in of number out 2 at the mid of edges remain un-tensioned )

9 pit shaft winder technical data: -

1. Shaft Dia 5.54 m

2. Shaft Depth 305m

3. Signaling Electric and mechanical signal

4. Guide rope( Dia, type and number ) 38mm, type - 6/1 ungalvanised , 8

5. Clamps/ cheese wts Cheese wt.

6. Head Gear

Fleet angle ( N/SE /W) 03731

Sheave dia 3600mm over flange

3600 mm over tread

7.Winding engine drive

Maker BGML

Electric Drive HP KW of motor 350 HP/ 262 KW DC

RPM: 1000 Voltage : 400v

Drive Geared

8. Winding drum

Type and Dia Split type , cylindrical / double

Drum with lagging plate 2 in number Dia 3.657mWidth - 0.838m for each drum

9. Braking & Winding Engine(type & Make )

Type parallel acting suspended , curved post type make , BGML KGF , pneumatically power
operated

Dia 3-692m Width 0-235m

10. Suspension

a.)Cage chains , dist , pins , plate & shackles

Type & Make

Type 6 fall chain

Make m/s Kapoor mining equipment pvt ltd asansol

Size 12 tones

Nos. 2 sets ( 1 each cage )

Date of installation NS -9/3/07 SS 22/2/07

b.) Safety hook

Type & make -Kings type make , m/s Kapoor mining equipment pvt ltd asansol

Size-12 ton

Date of installation-NS -9/3/07

SS 22/2/07

11. Rope capel 53

Type & make Friction wedge type ,m /s Kapoor mining equipment pvt ltd asansol

Size 12 ton

Date of installation

NS -9/3/07

SS 22/2/07

12 Winding ropes
 a.) N/E North

Dia & construction 35 mm Dia , fully locked , galvanized , RH , 988.00kn , 500 m length

Date of installation 1/3/07

T.C. no. L 980672/1

Reel no. 980672/1

Breaking load 988 KN

Life restricted 3 yrs.

b.) S/E South

c.) Dia & construction 35 mm Dia , fully locked , galvanized , RH , 988.00kn , 500 m length

Date of installation 1/3/07

T.C. no. L 980338/2

Reel no. 980338/2

Breaking load 988 KN

Life restricted 3 yrs.

c.) Maximum load attached to each rope 6495 kg (men)

d.)Factor of safety of winding rope 16

13 Cage

Floor area 4 feet *11.5 feet

No of persons authorized to ride 16

14.Winding depth 301 m

15 . Automatic contrivances

Over speed control device ( working ) 4m/s

Slow banking device (working) 0.5m/s

Over winding device (working) 18 20 inch

16. No of winds per shift 70

10 pit shaft winder technical data: -

1. Shaft Dia -5.4 m

2. Shaft Depth-238.96m

3. Signaling-Electric and mechanical signal

4. Guide rope( Dia, type and number )-38mm, type - 6/1 RH lay ungalvanised , 8

5. Clamps/ cheese wts clamps

6. Head Gear -Fleet angle ( N/SE/W) 12000

Sheave Dia

N :- 3965mm over flange 3622 mm over tread

S :- 3943mm over flange 3622 mm over tread

7. Winding engine drive

Maker -MB Wild England

Electric Drive HP KW of motor 200 HP(AEI) engine make , AC

RPM: 735 Voltage : 3300v

Drive -Geared

8.Winding drum

Type and Dia -cylindrical double drum

Dia 136 3/4

9.Suspension

a.) Cage chains , dist , pins , plate & shackles

Type & Make -Type 6 fall chain

Make m/s Kapoor mining equipment pvt ltd asansol

Size -12 tones

Nos .-2 sets ( 1 each cage )

Date of installation

N -28/8/02 S 7/5/02

b.)Safety hook
Type & make Kings type make , m/s Kapoor mining equipment pvt ltd asansol

Size-12 ton

Date of installation

N -17/6/02 S 17/5/02

11.Rope capel

Type & make Friction wedge type ,m /s Kapoor mining equipment pvt ltd asansol

Size-12 ton

Date of installation

N -17/6/02 S 17/5/02

12. Winding ropes

a.)N/E North

Dia & construction

35 mm Dia , full locked , RH lay, galvanized , 988.00kn , 300 m length

Date of installation - 22/4/4

T.C. no. L 980340/1

Reel no. 980340/1

Breaking load :- 988 KN

Life restricted 3 yrs.

b.) S/E South

Dia & construction 35 mm Dia , fully locked , galvanized , RH , 988.00kn , 500 m length

Date of installation 1/3/07

T.C. no. L 931/99

Reel no. L0813/1

Breaking load 988 KN

Life restricted 3 yrs.

c.) Maximum load attached to each rope -5906 kg (men)

d.) Factor of safety of winding rope -17.05

13 .Cage Floor area 4 feet *11 feet

No of persons authorized to ride -12

14.Winding depth-237 m

Nitrogen Plant
In Digwadih colliery, there is spontaneous heating in 14th seam, thus the seam is divided in 3
chambers and all the development headings were sealed off by permanent isolation stoppings.
Pressure chambers are created for pressure balancing thus to prevent the of inflow of air to the
sealed area. As suggested by the CMRI scientists to curb the inside fire & spontaneous combustion,
Nitrogen flushing method is was adopted. In nitrogen Flushing pure nitrogen (.2-.3 oxygen) is flushed
in the sealed fire area through isolation stoppings, with increase in % of nitrogen the oxygen %
decreases & thus fire is handled.

Regular checks of air samples (sampling, once in month for all PIS, but done weekly in Digwadih
colliery) are taken from the sealed area to know the % of co etc. to know the exact scenario of
fire/combustion.

The nitrogen plant is set up near the mine which produces Nitrogen & supply nitrogen for flushing
into fire area.

The following flowchart shows the workings in nitrogen plant: -

Fan House
There are two surface fans installed at Digwadih colliery, one with capacity of 10,000 cubic
meter/min (currently under repair) & one with capacity 7200 cubic meter/min.

Fan with capacity 7200 cum/min technical data: -

1. Motor 3.3 KV motor , 250 KW , 992 rpm

2. Prime mover type/make Slip ring induction motor , Kirlosker

3. V-Belt Type D-358 Nos. 10

4. Water gauge 110 m

5. Fan Type Axial Rpm 600

No of fixed vanes 10

Angle of blades 15 degree

Capacity 7200 cubic meter/min

Model AF 100

Make Mechanical machine make

Fan with capacity 10,000 cum/min

technical data(old) : -
1 Motor 3.3 KV motor , 250 KW , 992 rpm

2 Prime mover type/make Slip ring induction motor , Kirlosker

3 V-Belt Type D-450 Nos. 14

4 Water gauge 57.565 m

5 Fan Type Axial Rpm 350

No of fixed vanes 20

Angle of blades- 1 5 degree

Capacity - 10,000 cubic meter/min

Model- MXS- 150

Make- ANDREW YULE LIMITED

Stowing Chamber
For the purpose of sand stowing operations in mine , a stowing chamber is being installed 80 feet
below the surface where sand from the surface sand bunkers comes and get mixed with water &
then is sent to various sections of mine where sand stowing is carried out .

There are 2 sand bunkers at surface one chute for each at the chamber below.

800 Tones

900 Tones

The sand comes down the bunkers into chutes fall on the belt conveyor which guide it up to mixing
chamber where sand get mixed with water & finally is sent to UG workings through pipes. Pipes are
covered with meshes so that no stones comes along with the sand water mixture.

The capacity of stowing chamber is about 200 Ton/hr but usually sand is sent at rate of 100 Ton per
hour.

SAFETY
- Near Miss: This is an incidence with no injury. It is a just safe situation.

- LTI: loss time injury. Any injury lead to the more number of absence of a workman for a period and
he will not able to join in next schedule shift.

- LTIFR: loss time injury frequency rate.

- JCC: (job cycle check) to check the standard operating procedure SOP in any work.

- FRCP: (fatality risk control program) is computer software for fatality risk control.

- OBS: every accident/incident occur 96% at 4% unsafe conditions. It includes:

1. UA: unsafe act

2. UC: unsafe condition

3. SA: safe act

4. SC: safe condition

Six steps to be followed:

1. Observe the person
2. Catch his attention

3. Discuss with him on the type of job he is doing

4. Possibility of result of an unsafe act

5. Take commitment from him

6. Thank you

PSRM: (process safety and risk management) they are related with that type of incidence with low
frequency but high consequence like Bhopal gas tragedy.

- Workman inspector: For every 500 workers there is one workman inspector. His duty is to do the
inspection 2 times in every 7 days.

- PSC: (pit safety committee) It comprises of 15 members.

Chairman (mine manager), secretary (safety officer), 3 workman inspector, 5 people by the union, 5
people by manager.

Take 2: this is a very new concept. It says about using 2 minutes for safety and doing the following

S: Stop

T: Think

O: Observe

P: Plan

Positive Isolation: In this method different color locks are given to the employee according to
their type of employment. When a worker goes to work in an area he should lock the power line so
no one switches it on by mistake and he should have the key with him and once his work is over the
lock should be opened.

LIFE SAVING RULES

- Ensure positive isolation before repairing / installation of electrical /mechanical equipments.

- Use cross over /cross under bridge to cross the belt chain conveyor.

- Dont use SDL, LHD, and ROADHEADER without canopy.

- Take permission from over man / mining sirdar before starting your job at face.

- Use safety belt while working at a height of 2 m or more.

- Use proper PPE.

- Intoxicated person shall not enter into work premises.