RUNNING HEAD: Behavioral psychology 1

An Assignment on

Behavioral psychology

Submitted by

EkataNiraula

LC00016000028

fourth semester

Nepal Business College

Author Note

This research paper was prepared for Psychology, BBA-3763, taught byMr.samirsinghsudansu,

professor at Nepal Business College, Janpath, BuddhabiharMarg, Biratnagar, Nepal

Table of contents
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1. Introduction

2. Types of conditioning

3. Duties of Behavioral psychology

4. conclusion

Behavioral psychology

History

Behaviorism was formally established with the 1913 publication of John B.Watson's classic

paper, "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It." It is best summed up by the following quote

from Watson, who is often considered the "father" of behaviorism.From about 1920 through the

mid-1950s, behaviorism grew to become the dominant school of thought in psychology. Some

suggest that the popularity of behavioral psychology grew out of the desire to establish

psychology as an objective and measurable science. Researchers were interested in creating

theories that could be clearly described and empirically measured, but also used to make

contributions that might have an influence on the fabric of everyday human lives.

There are two major types of conditioning:

Classical conditioning:

Classical conditioning is a technique frequently used in behavioral training in which a neutral

stimulus is paired with a naturally occurring stimulus. Eventually, the neutral stimulus comes to

evoke the same response as the naturally occurring stimulus, even without the naturally

occurring stimulus presenting itself. The associated stimulus is now known as the conditioned

stimulus and the learned behavior is known as the conditioned response.

Operant conditioning
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Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of

learning that occurs through reinforcements and punishments. Through operant conditioning, an

association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. When a desirable

result follows an action, the behavior becomes more likely to occur again in the future.

Responses followed by adverse outcomes, on the other hand, become less likely to happen again

in the future.

The Behavioral Perspective takes some ideas from the Tabula Rasa such as conditioning and

behavior modification in order to merge or combine the other valuable ideas inside of the

Behavioral Perspective such as the perspective which includes the natural way of man, the belief

that everything is caused by something, and the fact that change is capable of happening. The

concept that we as humans have no free-will is called Determinism. Also with the Tabula Rasa

theory there has been one more aspect of determinism which is called conditioning.

Behavioral psychology professionals assume that since all behavior is learned through the

conditioning that occurs during interactions with an individuals environment, it can be

analytically studied and observed.Behavioral psychologists also analyze how human actions

affect decision-making.

Behavioral psychologists perform the following duties:

Conduct research utilizing conditioning and stimuli to study human behavior

Teach at colleges and universities

Work with children in private practice, after traumaor as an elementary, middle or high

school teacher

Work in social work or counseling to help people understand and change negative

behavior, such as drug addiction; or help people suffering from mental health disorders
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Work in business to help companies understand behavior and find a competitive

advantage

Work in government agencies, correctional centers or law enforcement

Work Environment

Like many fields of psychology, behavioral psychologists work in different

environments; if they maintain a private practice, theyll build their schedule around the

needs of their patients. If they work at a university or college, they must be prepared for

class, be responsive to students and perform research.

Regardless of specific occupation, behavioral psychologists will work with other fields of

psychology professionals, such as clinical psychologists or experimental psychologists to

conduct research and formulate data.

Salaries

Behavioral psychologists are part of the larger field of psychologists. According to the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2016-17 Occupational Outlook Handbook, the median

national annual salary for psychologists is $70,700. Actual salaries may vary greatly

based on specialization within the field, location, years of experience and a variety of

other factors. National long-term projections of employment growth may not reflect local

and/or short-term economic or job conditions, and do not guarantee actual job growth.

Conclusion

To sum up behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all

behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction

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with the environment. Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli

shape our actions -