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Research Institute
This project was supported by funds from the National Science Foundation through
EERIs Learning From Earthquakes Program under grant # CMS-0131895
The 26th December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman
earthquake is the fourth largest earthquake in the
world since 1900 and is the largest since the 1964
Prince William Sound, Alaska earthquake.
United States Geological Survey (USGS)
Sumatra-Andaman (2004)
Largest aftershock
directly following the
main shock was M =
7.1 in the Nicobar
Islands.
Banda Aceh
epicenter
Banda Aceh
epicenter
Banda Aceh
epicenter
Banda Aceh
epicenter
Port Blair
epicenter
epicenter
An earthquake causes a
vertical movement of the
seafloor, which displaces the
sea water.
Source: NOAA
Tsunami Translated
Japanese word:
Tsu means
harbor
English translation:
Nami means Harbor wave
wave
Lhoknga
Before Tsunami
January 10, 2003
epicenter
After Tsunami
December 29, 2004
Lhoknga
Exposed
bridge piers of
road that
Photo: Jose Borrero washed away. epicenter
Gleebruk
Before Tsunami
April 12, 2004
epicenter
After Tsunami
January 2, 2005
epicenter
Before Tsunami
April 12, 2004
After Tsunami
January 2, 2005
Banda Aceh
Before Tsunami
June 23, 2004
epicenter
After Tsunami
December 28, 2004
Banda Aceh
A boat was
lifted on top
of houses
by the
Photo: Jose Borrero waves.
epicenter
Banda Aceh
epicenter
Kerala Coast
Thailand
Damage to Kao
Lak Resort from
tsunami waves.
epicenter
Kerala Coast
Tsunami induced damage in Seward, Alaska Warped pier in Crescent City, CA caused by
from 1964 Alaska earthquake 1964 Alaska earthquake tsunami
Historical Tsunamis in the U.S.A.
Tsunami Source Year Affected States Tsunami Casualties
Sliding
Tsunami forces on
structures
WAVE Scouring
Water pressure
& debris impact Rigid connection
Buoyancy
Lowest Horizontal
horizontal member
structure perpendicular to
above wave- the wave
crest
Structure designed to resist Lateral bracing
tsunami forces
Well-designed building standing amidst the Well-designed building withstood tsunami forces
rubble in Banda Aceh, Indonesia without collapse in Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Tsunami Risk Reduction