drugs

A-PDF Watermark selectivity

DEMO: Purchase from Uses
www.A-PDF.com to removeMechanism of action
the watermark Side effect (toxisty)
-stimulation of alpha2 -bradycardia.
adrenergic receptor in -dry mouth.
-treatment of
vasomotor center of brain -sedation.
1-clinodin Centrally acting essential HTN.
steam. -fluid & Na retention , constipation.
2-Guanbenz alpha2 adrenergic -management of
-inhibition of sympathetic -postural hypotension.
3-Guanfacine agonist. sever HTN or rennin
activity. -sudden withdrawal can result in hypertensive crisis, nervousness,
dependent HTN
-predominance of insomnia.
parasympathetic activity.
Centrally active

decrease SNS bradycardia.

(sympathetic outflow from -dry mouth, edema.
vasopressor centers of -unpleasant sedation (vertigo)
Metabolite of a- -treatment of brain steam. -constipation.
methyl NE that essential HTN. - a-methyl NE weaker than -postural hypotension.
stimulate - in hypertension NE in certain vascular beds -hemolytic anemia. -drug fever, liver damage.
4-methyldopa
presynaptic pregnant women , (renal) Idiosyncratic reaction
alpha2 high rennin, renal -false-transmitter released -lactation(high prolactin in plasma)
adrenergic. insufficiency.- instead of NE so less -exterpyramidal signs, nightmares , psychic depression
vasoconstriction is -sudden withdrawal can result rebound hypertensive .
produce. -drug & metabolites interfere with catecholamine's.- Ejaculatory
failure
-unpleasant sedation & lethargy & nightmares dreams.
-exterpyramidal signs.
Adrenergic blocking

- Antihypertensive -increase tone, motility & secretions of GIT with abdominal cramps,
1-Reserpine -
agent diarrhea & increase acid secretion.
agent

-bradycardia, miosis, nasal congestion, flushing, orthostatic (postural

hypotension.
postural hypotension (sever), dizziness, weakness.
2-Guanethidine Moderately sever
- -intestinal cramping & diarrhea.
3-Guandrel hypertension
-Ejaculatory failure, edema, nasal congestion.
st
-treatment of -no block of a2 -1 dose produce hypotension.
Adrenergic receptor

1-alpha1 adrenergic

Selective alpha1
prazosin essential HTN. receptor>>no reflex of - dizziness, weakness, headache.
receptor blocker
Others (phetolamine -CHF>>decrease tachycardia. -decrease LDL\HDL.
antagonist
blockers

on vascular
& afterload & preload. -block a1 that control - dry mouth, urinary frequency, lethargy, sexual dysfunction.
smooth
phenoxybenzamine -improve urine flow constriction of Bothe -nasal congestion.
muscle>>relaxing
& doxazosin & in elderly male with prostate & ureters. -nightmares.- postural hypotension.
bl. Ves.
terazosin) benign prostatic -salt &water retention.
>>lowering BP.
hyperplasia.

www.bpharmstuff.blogspot.com
Done by: Sweety Doctor
drugs selectivity Drug agent Uses Mechanism of action Side effect (toxisty)

Atenolol B1 blocker - HTN & Antiangina -HTN. HTN: -heart failure.

-HTN in young patient. -action appear after 4 weeks. -rebound phenomenon
Betaxolol Antiangina -in high rennin & HTN -decrease rennin& level of angiotnsion2. (angina,arrhythmia, MI HTN,)
with angina or -decrease NE & sympathetic flow from CNS -exacerbation of asthmatic
carioselective
acebutolo Antiangina
arrythemia. (presynabtic B receptor blocked). symptom.
HF -ischemic heart -cardioprotective &antagonize tachycardia -Hypotension A.V. block in patint
bisoprolol B1 blocker
disease, angina induced by other hypotension drugs. reciving Ca channel blocker.
Very short antiarrhythmtic pectoris. - blood pressure. -detrimental diabetics dut to 2
Esmolol -CHF, migraines. action
acting
-most be withdrawn Heart failure: 1- tachycardia>>signals
-HTN & gradually to avoid -catecolamins. hypoglycemia.
metoprolol B1 blocker
antiarrhythmia angina or infraction -upregulation of B-receptors. 2-suppression of glycogenolysis.
- -HTN & -supraventicular & -HF. remodeling block catecholamine. -exaggerated & mask hypoglycemic
antiarrhythmia ventricular -prevent of cardiac arrhythmia. action of insulin or oral
Adrenergic receptor blockers

2-beta adrenergic antagonist

-use with arrythemias. -antagnoisem of ventricular wall stress hypoglycemic.

propranolol Non selective
vasodilators r to .-mild & moderate HF. caused by sympathetic overactivity. - hepatic blood flow &produce
prevent reflex of -mortility & hosplition non specific enzyme inhibition.
tachycardia. in HF. Antiarrythmia: -elevated triglyceride & decrese
--HTN & -Patient of MI & -slop of p4 depolarization slwing heart. HDL-cholestrol.
antiarrhythmia HF>>most take long -automaticity. -decrease exercize tolerance>>mild
Pindolol Non selective -Partial agonist (less term treatment. -dealy AV conduction. chronic fatigue.
bradycardia than AV nodal refraction>>help in terminate -sedation
Non cardio selective

other beta blocker) nodal reentrant arrhythmia. -nightmares.

sotalol antiarrhythmtic -contractility diminished. -depression , vivd dreams &
timolol Antiangina impotence.
penbutolol Antiangina Antiangina: -intermittent claudation & cold
carteolol Antiangina --ve chronotropic & inotropic & aftrload. extremities.
- HTN & Antiangina - myocardial O2 consumptionm especially Carvedilol & labetolol:
Nadolol Non selective Long half life (better during exersize. Orthostatic HTN due to a1.
patient compliance) - heart rate, force of myocardial -sexual dysfunction.
contraction, CO, velocity of contraction.
HTN & HF & -HTN with -liver injury by labetelol.
Carvedilol B1 & a2 blocker -protect cardiomyocyte from O2 free radicals
Antiangina pheochromocytoma. -paresthesias (scalp tingling)
formed during ischemic episodes.
-a1 receptor blocked -labetalol metabolite: false positive
B1 & a2 blocker -improve perfusion of subendocardium by
result vasodilatation. for phyochromcytoma.
& increasing diastolic perfusion time.
labetolol HTN & Antiangina -reductiot of HR by B1.
sympatholetic
-Labtelol dose't alter
to B2
serum lipids.

www.bpharmstuff.blogspot.com
Done by: Sweety Doctor
Drugs selectivity Drug agent Uses Mechanism of action Adverse effect

Antiangina & -orally active. Antiarrhythemia: verapamil & Diltiazem:

1-Amilodipin st
antihypertensive -exhibit high 1 pass -slow conduction by AV node & slow of P4 -depression cont. &HF, CO
metabolism & high protine depolarization & cardiac contractility. -bradycardia & AV block, cardiac arrest &
Antiangina & binding. -dihydropyridines don't effect the atrioventricular constipation , hypotension, edema,
2-Felodipin
antihypertensive -active after 30 min & have conduction sys. & sinoatrial node at normal indigestion & reflux oseophagitis.
vascular selective plasma half live of several dose>>don't have direct effect on conduction or -short acting dihydropyridines have

dihydropyridines
3-Nimodipine
Dihdropyridines

Antiangina & hour (24-50hr) automaticity. associated with sympathetic tone .

(selective to st
antihypertensive -exerted as metabolite in -Bioavilability is because of 1 pass hepatic -long acting safe in treat HTN
cerebral ves)
urine. metabolism.
Antiangina & -myocardial O2 -longer half life lives for elderly patints &npatints minor toxicity ( dihydropyridines):
4-Isradipine
antihypertensive consumption by: with hepatic cirrhosis or renal insufficiency. -hypotension, headach, dizziness, edema &
5-Nicardipine Antiangina & 1-afterload (aortic flushing due to excessive dilatation.
(coronary ves) antihypertensive pressure). Antihypertensive: -aggrevating of myocardial ischemia due to
2- verapamil HR & -preiphral resistance. reflex tachycardia resulting from
Antiangina & contractility except -interfeare with angiotension2 & a1 mediated hypotension.
6-Nifedipine antihypertensive dihydropyridines which vasoconstriction. st
-short acting should not be used as 1 line to
& antiarrhytmaia have minimal effect -no effect on venues bed>>no effect on preload treat HTN but long acting such as amilodipin
(bp,HR & COP) >>vent. Filling pressure. appear safe.
Ca channel blocker

-littile or no effect on non vascular smoothe cell

diarylaminopropylamine

-improve O2 delivary to
(arterio-dilator)

ischemic myocardium by (tracheal). -Bepridil :

vasodilators of coronary -T-type regulating Ca influxin pacemaker cells & can prolong AP. & cause torsades de pointes
Antiangina & arterioles & HR (time cell of conduction sys. arrhytmia (drug induced long QT syndrome).
7-Bepridil spent in diastole) -CVR & coronary blood flow.
antihypertensive
-may inhibit platlet - Non- Dihdropyridines inhibt liver enzyme. - verapamil :
aggregation. may serum digoxin level in digitalized
patient.
Non- Dihdropyridines

Antiangina: -IV administration most contraindicated wih

cardiac selective

-block voltage sensitive Ca channel. beta blocker due to the possibility of AV

-all block L-type Ca channel which are aboundent block or sever depression of ventricular
Benzothiazipines

in cariomyocyte,arteriole smoothe muscle cell, SA function.

Antiangina & nodal tisse & AVnoda tissue.
8-Diltiazem antihypertensive -bepridil block Na & K channel that blocking -Non- Dihdropyridines can worsen cardiac in
& antiarrhytmaia activity in the heart>>prolong cardiac patint with HF.
repolarization. -in patint
-dihydropyridines reflex in sympathetic tone (
-IV administration for inotropic, chronotropic) due to arterial pressure,
phenylalkylamins

interrupting can HR & contractility which may aggravate

Antiangina & supraventricular angina.
9-verapamil antihypertensive arryhtemias. -Non- Dihdropyridines drug have direct ve
& antiarrhytmaia inotropic, chronotropic & dromotropic effect.

www.bpharmstuff.blogspot.com
Done by: Sweety Doctor
drugs Drug agent Treatment of Act on Mechanism of action Uses Take it with Side effect (toxisty)
-decrease Na & Cl
reabsorbtion. -mild to moderate hypertension & normal cardiac/ -fixed dose with -hypokalemia.
-decrease PVR. renal function. potassium sparing & -impaired diabetic
hydrochorothiazide, Distal -promote Ca reabsorbtion. other hypertensive control.
hypertension
chlorothaliadone tubule -potassium lose in exchange drug. -Hyperuricemia.
-not useful in renal insufficiency (glom filtration
THIAZIDE

mechanism. -combination with -muscle cramps.

-direct arteriolar vasodilators rate less than 40 ml/min). vasodilators drug . -increase LDL\HDL.
affect.
hypertension
and edema -vasodilators diuretic .
Distal
Indapamide caused by
tubule
congestive
heart failure

Edema (fluied retention) associated with heart

-ototoxicity
+ + - failure.
-inhibitors of Na -K -2Cl (furosemise).
Use supplemental
in the symporter. - furosemise &
hepatic cirrhosis potassium , ACEIs or
thick -decrease circulatory volume. ethacrynic acid block
potassium sparing
Loop diuretic

furosemise & ascending -decrease preload & edema. renal excretion of uric
Hypertension diuretic to prevent
ethacrynic limb of -increase urinary Ca in useful in renal insufficiency (glom filtration rate acid.
& heart potassium depletion.
acid,Bumetanide,torse the loop constant to action of thiazide. less than 40 ml/min ,nephrotic syndrome. -potassium depletion.
failure Use different side of
mide of Henle -increase renal blood flow by -hyperglycemia &
diuretic in patient not
(high decrease RVR. hypertension hyperlipidemia.
response to oral
ceiling) -veno dilators through PG -dehydration.
diuretic
pathway. -shorter duration of
cerebral/pulmonary edema where rapid diuresis is
required (IV injection). action.

- to avoid potassium depletion in patint taking

-Spironolactone antagonize digitalis. Hyperkalemia &
Potassium sparing

effect of aldosteron. -combination with other diuretic to prevent effect gynecomastia.

hypertension of hypokalemia).
amiloride, and
spironolactone & management
Triamterene. of congestive
heart failure. - amiloride& Triamterene Amiloride inhibit smooth muscle response to Hyperkalemia &
don't antagonize effect of contraction (effect in trans-membrane & gastrointestinal -
aldosteron. interacellular Ca movement). distribances.

www.bpharmstuff.blogspot.com
Done by: Sweety Doctor
drugs Treatment of Vasodilators of Mechanism of action Uses Take it with Side effect (toxisty)
Hydralazine HTN & HF. dilate resistance 1-direct effects on the vascular Hypertension: used in -headaches, edema ,paresthesias, flushing
(apresoline) vessels (arterial smooth muscle (dilation). conjunction with tachycardia.
dilators) 2- highly specific for arterial 1- arterial HTN a beta-blocker -precipitate angina in patients with coronary artery
vessels greater than viens. 2- acute HTN emergencies. (propranolol) and disease.
3- reduces total periphral 3- secondary HTN . thiazide diuretic -lupus-like syndrome.
resistance and arterial 4- pulmonary HTN to attenuate the
pressure. baroreceptor-
4- increase cardiac work & mediated reflex
Heart failure:
decrease afterload. tachycardia and
5-Indirect cardiac stimulation sodium retention,
(e.g., tachycardia) due to 1- management of chronic respectively.
activation of the baroreceptor heart failure because of
reflex. its ability to reduce
6-salt and water retention due afterload and thereby
to reflex of stimulation of RAS. enhance stroke volume
and ejection fraction.

minoxidil HTN & HF. dilate resistance Open K channels in smoothe 1- HTN emergencies. used in -Tachycardia, palpitation, angina , edema, fluied
vessels (arterial muscle membrane. 2- treatment of male- conjunction with retention, nausea, vomiting, flushing, headache,
dilators) pattern baldness. a beta-blocker sweating.
and diuretic -hypertrichosis.
diazoxide HTN arterial dilator 1-IV infusion. 1- HTN emergencies>>long Used (hyperstat) -sever Tachycardia, prolonged hypotension, nausea ,
2-activation of ATP sensitive duration of action. infusion pumps vomiting . salt & water retention,
potassium channel. 2- Hypoglycemia. are unavailable. -hyperglycemia due to inhibit insulin release and can
3-hyperpolarization of cause diabetes.
arteriolar smoothe muscle.
4-rapid fall of TPR >>reflex
tachycardia.
fenoldopam HTN Dilation of Agonist at dopamine D1 1- HTN emergencies. Given continous Tachycardia, palpitation, headache.
peripheral receptor. IV infusion -Increase intraorpital pressure so avoided in
arterioles and glaucoma.
naturesis.
Prazosin HTN & HF. Arteriolar & venous. Block of alpha1 adrenergic 1- HYPERTENSION.
receptor. 2- Raynaud's disease.
ACEIs HTN & HF. Arteriolar & venous. Inhibit ACE & decrease AII 1- HTN CHF.
Nitroglycerin CHF & angina venous Produce No increase cGMP. 1- Raynaud's disease
pectoris 2- CHF & angina pectoris
Na HTN & HF. Arteriolar & venous. Produce No increase cGMP. 1- Acute CHF Take with beta- Due to vasodilatation : hypotension , nausea ,
nitroprosside 2- HTN emergency blocker because vomiting , muscle twitching , methemoglobinemia ,
of reflex toxicity , arrhethmeia

www.bpharmstuff.blogspot.com tachycardia

Done by: Sweety Doctor