Dynaflow Lectures - March 26th 2009

Fiberglass Pipe Systems

Agenda

Standards, very different markets.

Why should we choose for Glassfibre Reinforced.

materials for piping systems.

Product Ranges and Methods of Construction.

Jointing Methods.

Prefabrication.

Design.
 Examples of very different markets
Drainage / Sewerage systems Industrial piping
 GRP used in very different markets
Drainage / Sewerage systems Industrial piping
 GRP used in very different markets
Drainage / Sewerage systems Industrial piping

Low pressure. Medium High pressure.

Main focus: Main focus:

Need to withstand soil and Need to pump from A to B

traffic loads and want to know under
what (safety) conditions

Stability in hoop direction, System integrity.

pipe stiffness.
 GRP used in very different markets
Need to withstand soil and Need to pump from A to B
traffic loads and want to know under
what (safety) conditions

Example of standards: Example of standards:

AWWA M45 / C950 ASME B31.3
EN 1796 UKOOA
EN 14364 ISO 14692
ISO TR 10465
 GRP used in very different markets
Need to withstand soil and Need to pump from A to B
traffic loads and want to know under
what (safety) conditions

Example of standards: Example of standards:

AWWA M45 / C950 ASME B31.3
EN 1796 UKOOA
EN 14364 ISO 14692
ISO TR 10465
GRP EN 1796
Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads

EN 1796

Title:
Plastics piping systems for
water supply with or without
pressure Glass-reinforced
thermosetting plastics (GRP)
based on unsaturated polyester
resin.
GRP EN 1796
Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads
GRP EN 1796
Need to withstand soil and traffic
loads

EN 1796, characteristics:

Pipe:
Verification of long-term proper-
ties (Stiffness, PN).

Joints:
Verification of initial sealing.

Fittings:
No verification on PN.
GRP EN ISO 14692
Need to pump from A to B and
want to know under what (safety)
conditions

ISO 14692.

Title:
Petroleum and natural gas
industries Glass-reinforced
plastics (GRP) piping.
GRP EN ISO 14692
pump from A to B and know
under what (safety) conditions
GRP EN ISO 14692
pump from A to B and know
under what (safety) conditions

ISO 14692, characteristics:

Pipe:
Verification of long-term proper-
ties (PN, hoop & axial strength).

Joints & Fittings:

Verification of long-term
properties (as strong as pipe).

Pipe system:
Assessment of integrity of pipe
system based on known hoop and
axial strength.
 GRP EN ISO 14692

pump from A to B and know under what (safety) conditions

Know the strength of installed pipeline

 GRP EN ISO 14692
Know the strength of installed pipeline

I. Strength of components :Qualification.

ISO 14692 - part 2
Design Envelope

II. Strength of pipe system :System Design.

ISO 14692 - part 3
Site Quality PLan

III. Installation of pipe system :Training & Qualification.

ISO 14692 - part 4
 GRP EN ISO 14692
Design Envelope ASTM D 2992-96
FPI AD, Wavistrong serie EST, ID 150 mm pipe PL/PL, 65C, pressure, TUV

1000,0

Mean LCL LPL Data

pressure (barg)
2:1 load condition
100,0

Long-term envelope
10,0
1,00E+00 1,00E+01 1,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,00E+04 1,00E+05 1,00E+06

time (hrs)

ition
ond
d c
o a
2: 1l
Axial stress

Hoop stress
 GRP EN ISO 14692
Design Envelope ASTM D 2992-96
FPI AD, Wavistrong serie EST, ID 150 mm pipe PL/PL, 65C, pressure, TUV

1000,0

Mean LCL LPL Data

pressure (barg)
2:1 load condition
100,0

Long-term envelope
Design envelope 10,0
1,00E+00 1,00E+01 1,00E+02 1,00E+03

time (hrs)
1,00E+04 1,00E+05 1,00E+06

ition
ond
d c
o a
2: 1l
Axial stress

Hoop stress f2
 GRP EN ISO 14692
Design Envelope

Long-term envelope
Design envelope
Axial stress
Axial stress

Hoop stress f2
 GRP EN ISO 14692
Design Envelope

Long-term envelope
Increase wall
Design envelope thickness!
Axial stress

Internal Pressure
Axial stress

+
Hoop stress
f2
X Bending
 GRP EN ISO 14692
Design Envelope

Long-term envelope
Design envelope
Axial stress

Internal Pressure
Axial stress

9Bending
Hoop stress +
f2
X
f2= 0.67
 GRP EN ISO 14692
Know the strength of installed pipeline

I. Strength of components :Qualification.

ISO 14692 - part 2
Design Envelope

II. Strength of pipe system :System Design.

ISO 14692 - part 3
Site Quality PLan

III. Installation of pipe system :Training & Qualification.

ISO 14692 - part 4
 GRP EN ISO 14692
Site Quality Plan

Site Quality Plan, describing:

Installation instructions.

Training + Qualification.

Installation in accordance with system design (isometrics)

QC.
 GRP EN ISO 14692
Site Quality Plan

Site Quality Plan, describing:

Installation instructions.

Training + Qualification.

Installation in accordance with system design (isometrics)

QC.
 GRP EN ISO 14692
Site Quality Plan

Site Quality Plan, describing:

Installation instructions.

Training + Qualification.

Installation in accordance with system design (isometrics)

QC.
 Conclusion
Need to withstand soil and Need to pump from A to B
traffic loads and want to know under
what (safety) conditions

Example of standards: Example of standards:

AWWA M45 / C950 ASME 31.3
EN 1796 UKOOA
EN 14364 ISO 14692
ISO TR 10465
 Conclusion
Need to withstand soil and Need to pump from A to B
traffic loads and want to know under
what (safety) conditions

Assessment of Assessment of
hoop stability integrity of pipe system.
(Soil & Traffic Loads)

AWWA M45 ISO 14692

Revision of
ISO 14692
Application of Glass Fibre Reinforced Pipes

Why?
Why not?
What do I buy?..... FRP, RTRP, GRE
Glass, brittle at low temps.
Standards?
Dimensions
Material Properties
Calculations
Joints, Glue??
Degeneration of properties in time
Why so?
No corrosion
No corrosion allowance
No cathodic protection
Long live (50 years design)
Light weight
Smooth walls, low friction
Mechanical properties,
Flexible,
Safe failure behaviour
Safe joints
Adhesive bonded
Mechanical, RSLJ, Key Lock.Tee-kay
Standards, ISO 14692
Product Ranges
Wavistrong Red Box Fiberstrong Fiberstrong
Yellow Box
Material Material Material Material
Epoxy Epoxy Polyester Vinylester
Size Range Size Range Size Range Size Range
25 to 1600mm 2 to 16 25 to 4000mm 25 to 4000mm
Pressure range Pressure range Pressure range Pressure range
Up to 70 Bar Up to 3,500 psi Up to 20 Bar Up to 20 Bar
Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature
-60C to +110C -65C to +100C +65C +85C
Materials & Methods of Construction

Considerations
Fibre
Properties of the fibre
Tensile Stress

Properties of the resin

FRP Composite
Ratio of fibre to resin

Resin Geometry of fibres

Strain
Materials of Construction

Glass Fibres
C Glass / C Veil: Chemically resistant glass
E Glass: Structurally strong

Continuous roving for pipe construction

Rolled matting for field lamination

Materials of Construction
Fibre orientation & fibre volume fraction

Chopped
Strand

Woven
Mat

Filament
Wound
Materials of Construction
Resin Systems
Ult Tensile
Strength

Plastic Deformation
Considerations
Good mechanical properties

Tensile Stress
Failure
properties

Elastic Deformation
Good chemical properties
(liner)
Good resistance to
environmental degradation

Strain (%) Strain to failure

Materials of Construction
Types of Resins

Polyester
-ABABABA-
Epoxy
S S S Epoxy Molecule

-ABABABA- Amine Molecule

Catalyst Hardener
Styrene No styrene
Vinylester Ester groups No ester groups
-ABAAAA-BA-
S S
-ABAAAA-BA-

Other resins:
Phenolics, Cynate Esters, Silicones, Polurethanes, Bismaleimides, Polymides
Continuous wound - sizes 300 to 4000 mm diam.
Continuous Wound - FIBERSTRONG

Pure
SilicaSan Chopped
d Strand
Chopped
glass
fibres Glass fibres

Infrared
curing
FIBERSTRONG - GRP / GRV Wall Structure

Exterior surface
Structural wall (2)
Pipe core
E Underground applications
Structural wall (1)
Liner back-up
Inner liner
FIBERSTRONG - Test Procedure

e ??
ig pip
ry b
a v e
ak e
u m
If yo
FIBERSTRONG - Scope of Supply

Pressure classes : PN 1, 3, 6, 10, 12, 16, 20

Stiffness classes : SN 2500, 5000, 10000
Size range : 350 mm to 4000 mm
Temperature range: -40 C 85 C
Installation type : Above ground / Underground
Design type : Restrained / Unrestrained
FIBERSTRONG Jointing types

Laminated Joint 25mm to 4000mm

Double Bell Coupler 50mm to 4000mm

FIBERSTRONG

Applications

River & seawater intakes &

outfalls
Gravity sewer lines
Jacking & microtunneling
WWT plant underground piping
Irrigation main lines
Helical Wound - WAVISTRONG
Helical Wound diameters 25 1600 mm

Filament
Wound
WAVISTRONG Production Process
WAVISTRONG
GRE Wall Structure
Resin Glass
0.3 mm epoxy coating ......... 100% 0%
E-glass wall .................... 30% 70% E(CR)-glass
0.5 mm Resin Liner ....... 70% 30% C-glass

54

Test Pressure = 1.5 x design

Safety Factor = 2 x design
Weep Pressure = 4 x design
 Standard Jointing Methods

LB/LS (rubber seal joint) / FB/LS (rubber seal lock

joint)
50mm to 1400mm

CB/CS (taper/straight) / TB/TS (taper/taper)

25mm to 600mm
Standard Jointing Methods

Laminated Joint - 25mm to

4000mm

Flange Joints to DIN & ANSI - 25mm to

4000mm
WAVISTRONG - Scope of Supply

Pressure classes : PN 8, 10, 12.5, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50

Size range : 25mm to 1600mm
Temperature range : From -40 C to 110 C
Installation type : Above ground / Underground
Design type : Restrained / Unrestrained
WAVISTRONG - Applications

Crude oil
Cooling water
Fire fighting
CO2 lines
Water injection lines
Well head tubing
Potable water
Sewer lines
WAVISTRONG Fittings
Laminated elbow
Prefabrication (Spools)
Utilisation of Prefabricated Spools

Effluent lines BP U.K.

Utilisation of Prefabricated Spools

Cooling water ID 800 mm Degussa Antwerp

Design of pipe systems: Testing
Design of pipe systems

Failure of pipe wall needs time

Long term testing

ASTM 2992 B

Regression curve

Test Pressure : 1.5 x design

Safety Factor : 2 x design
Weep Pressure : 4 x design
Long term testing acc. ASTM 2992-B
 System design
E-modulus
Support spans
Expansion forces F = E x A x x T
10 times less than steel
Poisson Ratio
Expansion by pressure

Expansion coeficient
Allowable stresses (Design Envelope)
Isotrope (steel) vs anisotrope (GRE) = P x D / 2t
Safety factors (ASME B31.3, UKOOA, ISO 14692)