Notes:

ThermalEnergyandHeat:
ThermalEnergy:

Movementofparticlescouldbe:
1.
2.
3.

Temperature:

Heat:

ChemicalPotentialEnergy:


HeatingCurve:

ExtensionofHeatingCurve:

CoolingCurve:

Endothermicvs.Exothermic:
System:

Surroundings:

Exothermic:

Examples:

Endothermic:

Examples:

 Assignments:
HeatingCurveWorksheet

Questions:
1) What is happening to the average kinetic energy of the particles in the sample during section 2? How
do you know?

2) As a substance goes through section (2), what happens to the distance between the particles? How
do you know?

3) What is the name of the process happening during section (4)?

4) What would be the name of the process happening during section (4) if time were going the other
way?
5) What is the melting temperature of this substance?

6) At what temperature would this sample finish vaporizing? Explain.

7) For section 3, the temperature does not remain constant because:

a. Heat is not being absorbed
b. The ice is colder that the water
c. Heat energy is being converted to potential energy
d. Heat energy is being converted to kinetic energy

EXPLAIN YOUR CHOICE:

8) When this substance is melting, the temperature of the substance remains constant because:
a. Heat is not being absorbed
b. The ice is colder that the water
c. Heat energy is being converted to potential energy
d. Heat energy is being converted to kinetic energy

EXPLAIN YOUR CHOICE:

9) The temperature at which a substance in the liquid state freezes is the same as the temperature at
which the substance-
a. Melts b. Sublimes c. Boils d. Condenses

10) Is this curve showing an addition of energy or a release of energy? Explain.

11) Identify the state(s) of matter in:

a. part 1 on the graph:

b. part 2 on the graph:

c. part 3 on the graph:

d. part 4 on the graph:

e. part 5 on the graph:

PhaseChangesWorksheet

For all of the following examples-

1) Identify the phase change, include what phase the substance starts as and what
phase it ends.
2) Label the change as endothermic or exothermic. Explain.
3) Draw an applicable heating curve or a cooling curve;
-mark off and circle only the portion(s) of the curve that directly apply to the change.
*Even if you do not know boiling and freezing temperatures, you should still be able to draw
a rough curve.
4) Use a particle diagram to SHOW the transfer of energy between system and
surroundings.

1. Molten lava released from a volcano becomes obsidian (a rock).

Phase change: ____ ____:________________
Endothermic/Exothermic (circle one) Explain:

Applicable heating curve or a cooling curve: Particle diagram to SHOW the

transfer of energy:

2. Glue (liquid) from a hot glue gun dries (solid) to hold a figurine together.
Phase change: ____ ____:________________
Endothermic/Exothermic (circle one) Explain:

Applicable heating curve or a cooling curve: Particle diagram to SHOW the

transfer of energy:
3. Sweat develops on the outside of a glass of ice water.
Phase change: ____ ____:________________
Endothermic/Exothermic (circle one) Explain:

Applicable heating curve or a cooling curve: Particle diagram to SHOW the

transfer of energy:

4. A bottle of nail polish remover is sitting on the front counter, but you can smell it in the back
of the room.
Phase change: ____ ____:________________
Endothermic/Exothermic (circle one) Explain:

Applicable heating curve or a cooling curve: Particle diagram to SHOW the

transfer of energy:

5. Frost forms on the morning grass. *No applicable heating or cooling curve is needed
Phase change: ____ ____:________________
Endothermic/Exothermic (circle one) Explain:

Applicable heating curve or a cooling curve: Particle diagram to SHOW the

transfer of energy:
 Activities:
HeatingCurveActivity
Background:The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it
can be transformed (changed from one form to another). Different substances can change from one
phase (or state) to another by absorbing or releasing energy. When a system is heated, energy is
transferred into it. In response to the gain of energy, the system changes by increasing its temperature
or by increasing the space between particles in the system.

Water is a common substance. Ice is the solid phase and occurs at temperatures below 0o C. Both
solids and liquids coexist at 0o C. When the solid and liquid forms of water coexist and heat is put into
the system, the particles spread out and eventually all of the solid will turn into a liquid. When the water
is in the liquid form, the particles speed will increase resulting in a change in temperature.

A graph of temperature versus time is called a heating curve. The change in temperature may be
observed and measured against time in an effort to visualize the heating curve for water.

Materials: hot plate beaker tongs ice digital thermometer stop watch

Safety:The hot plate starts the minute you plug it in. Do not place empty or cold glassware on a hot
hot plate. The hot plate will burn you if touched so be careful. Use beaker tongs to take hot water off of
the hot plate and not your bare hands.

Procedure:
1. For safety reasons, wear your goggles during this lab.
2. Obtain a hot plate, and beaker tongs, and a 600 mL beaker.
3. In the 600 mL beaker, place 500 mL of ice.
4. Put the 600 mL beaker on the hot plate, turn on the digital thermometer (reading Celsius, TAKE THE
CAP OFF and put it into the beaker. When you plug in the hot plate you should start recording time and
temperature of the ice in beaker.
5. One partner will need to continually stir the contents of the beaker with the thermometer while the
other partner records the temperature every 30 seconds.
6. Record these listed observations along the way, make sure to also mark these specific points on
your graph (step 9) according to correct time and temperature;
a. Only solid is present in beaker.
b. Both solid and liquid are present in the beaker.
c. Only liquid exists in the beaker.
d. Both liquid and gas (steam) are present (steam is FIRST seen).
e. Water is boiling strongly
7. Continue to take temperature readings until the water boils and temperature levels off for 4 minutes.
8. Unplug the hot plate, allowing the water to cool until 5 minutes before the end of the period. Then
using beaker tongs to hold the 600mL beaker, pour the water out into the sink, put all materials back
where you found them except for the hot plate, which you can leave out for the next periods use.
9. Hand graph your data as temperature vs. time.
Make the scale as big as possible to fit the page, and still be able to see the data.
AnalysisandQuestions:
1. At the beginning of your lab, temperature does not rise even though you are adding major amounts
of heat to the system.
a. What temperature does this occur at?
b. What is temperature the measure of?

c. If the heat is not causing the particles to speed up, what do you think that the heat is doing at
the molecular level?

2. At a certain point your temperature does increase.

a. What phases or states of matter are present during this time period?

b. If the temperature is increasing, what does this tell us about the particles?

3. At a certain point your temperature does not rise again, even though you are adding major amounts
of heat to the system.
a. At what temperature does this happen.

b. Why is this? What is occurring at the molecular level?

4. When would the temperature again continue to rise in the future?



 Assessment:
1. Label the following:
All states of matter (s, l and g)
All phase changes taking place in the forward and reverse direction

2. Identify temperature at which the substance goes through the process of:

condensation: _________ freezing: _________

3. Circle lines where kinetic energy changes

4. Bold lines where potential energy changes

5. Is this process endothermic or exothermic?