INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA

Statistics Assignment : Reading by E-book and Hard-book, which one is

better?

Instructor: SIM Tepmony

Students:
1. LAO Yeanphy ID: e20140329
2. LAY Limeng ID: e20140332
3. LEAV Menghuy ID: e20140337
4. LENG Sokheng ID: e20140343
5. LIM Lyhuor ID: e20140353

2016-2017
 Table of content

I. Scope of study Page: 1

1. Objective Page: 1
2. Domain Page: 1
3. Data Page: 1
a. Normality Page: 2
b. Introduction Page: 3
c. Questionnaire Page: 3
4. Estimation Page: 3
5. Theory Page: 3
6. Assumption Page: 4
II. ANOVA Page: 5
a. ANOVAs assumption Page: 5
b. ANOVA Table Page: 5
c. Calculating Page: 5
d. Theory Page: 6
III. Conclusion Page: 6
 Preface

It has been almost a half of year that our institute started the classes after the vacation. During this
time, we, students, have been taught a plenty of lessons in STATISTICS subject which are also combined
with the exercises by professors. The exercises or we could say the TD exercises, is given off to every student
in each lesson to understand more about the lessons and totally. With the help of solving the exercise, TD
class has prepared for the students. In the class, the lecturer teaches more about the lessons as well as the
technical in solving the problems. He shows how to solve the problems in different methods. He helps
correcting the students correction if there are any mistakes. He would respond to every question or any
inquiries. He introduces us a lot and illustrate us the problems trick. With the help of the lecturer, we and
many students would be much easier in the understanding of lessons and have many ideas in solving the
problems in TD exercises, and other referred exercises. This is the assignment of STATISTICS and this
including the application of theory which we have tried to apply and use it in reality.

To sum up, solving the exercises in this assignment together help us share many ideas between us and know
a lot of different types of problems in each lesson which gain us more knowledge of the lessons. Moreover,
we will understand exactly about it if we take it to apply directly in daily life. However, we would not forget
to thank you to our lecturer who helps us a lot with this assignment. Without his help, we could not do it in
the better way.
I. Scope of study
1. Objective:
Since the strictly increasing of development in technology which take place in a very
important role in education system. So there are two ways of reading books such as E-book
(Soft book) and Printed book (Hard-book).
Hence, in this assignment we wish to know about how these two ways of reading
book effect on studying.

2. Domain: Survey the data from only ITC students in 3rd year.
3. Data:

No E-book No Both
No Printed-book
1 81.72 1 68
1 79.5
2 68.34 2 67
2 71
3 68 3 84
3 78
4 68.5 4 79
4 73.18
5 65 5 67.22
5 69.25
6 88 6 91
6 73.71
7 77.75 7 57
7 68.82
8 74.67
8 68.2 8 82.35
9 70.75
9 89.95 9 68.71
10 74
10 74 10 71.59
11 68.5 11 66
12 63 12 72.3
13 63.09 13 70.9
14 69.95 14 72.68
15 84.05 15 73
16 69.07 16 73
17 76
18 83
19 71
20 57
21 72
22 73
23 68.7
24 78
 a. Normality

E-book Sorted Probability Normsinv

81.72 63 0.058824 -1.56473
68.34 63.09 0.117647 -1.18683
68 65 0.176471 -0.9289
68.5 68 0.235294 -0.72152
65 68.2 0.294118 -0.5414
88 68.34 0.352941 -0.37739
77.75 68.5 0.411765 -0.22301
68.2 68.5 0.470588 -0.07379
89.95 69.07 0.529412 0.073791
74 69.95 0.588235 0.223008
68.5 74 0.647059 0.377392
63 77.75 0.705882 0.541395
63.09 81.72 0.764706 0.721522
69.95 84.05 0.823529 0.928899
84.05 88 0.882353 1.186831
69.07 89.95 0.941176 1.564726

Printed-book Sorted Probability Normsinv

79.5 57 0.04 -1.75069
71 66 0.08 -1.40507
78 68.7 0.12 -1.17499
73.18 68.71 0.16 -0.99446
69.25 68.82 0.2 -0.84162
73.71 69.25 0.24 -0.7063
68.82 70.9 0.28 -0.58284
82.35 71 0.32 -0.4677
68.71 71 0.36 -0.35846
71.59 71.59 0.4 -0.25335
66 72 0.44 -0.15097
72.3 72.3 0.48 -0.05015
70.9 72.68 0.52 0.050154
72.68 73 0.56 0.150969
73 73 0.6 0.253347
73 73 0.64 0.358459
76 73.18 0.68 0.467699
83 73.71 0.72 0.582842
71 76 0.76 0.706303
57 78 0.8 0.841621
72 78 0.84 0.994458
73 79.5 0.88 1.174987
68.7 82.35 0.92 1.405072
78 83 0.96 1.750686
 Both Sorted Probability Normsinv
68 57 0.09090909 -1.33518
67 67 0.18181818 -0.90846
84 67.22 0.27272727 -0.60459
79 68 0.36363636 -0.34876
67.22 70.75 0.45454545 -0.11419
91 74 0.54545455 0.114185
57 74.67 0.63636364 0.348756
74.67 79 0.72727273 0.604585
70.75 84 0.81818182 0.908458
74 91 0.90909091 1.335178

From these graphs, they are linear as a line, so the distribution of the data are Normal.

b. Introduction
We need to state the theories in Statistics such as Point Estimation,
Confident Intervals and Hypotheses Testing.
For the Point Estimation we would like to estimate the mean of sample to know that
it is Unbiased and the efficiency of that mean.
For the Confident Interval we would like to know the interval of mean. It is
(1 )100% CI, take = 0.05.
For the Hypotheses Testing is about to test the different between each mean1 , 2 .

c. Questionnaire:

Do you like reading book by E-book or Hard-book?

What is your average year 2 at ITC?
4. Estimation:
As what we had known the student who read the hard-book (Printed-book) are better than the
student who read the e-book (electronic book).
5. Theory
Note: Let
1. 1 be the observed value of 1 that denotes the random variable of E-book with 1
numbers of population
2. 2 be the observed value of 2 that denotes the random variable of Hard-book with 2
numbers of population

Point Estimate
In this part we find the point estimate to know about the value that is efficient in our statistic.
This distribution is normal
1 , 2 , , ~(, 2 )
()2
1
Pdf of Normal distribution () = 2 22

1 ( )2 1 1

=1( )
2
( ()) = ( 22 ) =( ) 22 = [( ())]
=1
2 2

1
= ()1 2 ( )2
2
=1

= () = ([( ())])


1
= 2 2(1) ( )
2
=1

1
= 2 [( )] = 0

=1

Then = =1
=
1
( ) =
()

2
Fisher Information Function is defined by:() = [ 2 ln(())]

()2
1
The PDF of Normal Distribution() = 2 22

1
Log-Likelihood function: () = (2) 22 ( )2

()
First Derivative of Log-Likelihood function: (()) = 2

2 1
Second Derivative of Log-Likelihood function;2 (()) = 2

1
Then () = 2

2
The variance of mean estimation ( ) =

Then is efficient
Confident Interval:
~(, 2 )
The Probability of the confident
(2 2 ) = 1

(2 2 ) = 1



( 2 + 2 ) = 1

() = ( 2 + 2 )

Hypothesis Testing
6. Assumption
Suppose 1 , , represent a random sample of size from the normal population(, 2 ),
where is unknown.
 Since 1 , 2 30 and the 2 is unknown, then we use T-test
1 = 72.945 and 2 = 73.1016
Testing: Null Hypothesis 0 : 1 = 2 against : 1 2 < 0
We would like to know if 12 = 22 or not
We know that 12 = 75.41124 and 22 = 34.11637 and 1 = 16 and 2 = 25
Testing : Null Hypothesis 0 : 12 = 22 against 12 22
2
Test Statistic: = 12
2
2
Test Statistic value: = 12 = 2.2104
2
Rejection Region at level = 0.0.5 is
= { ,1 1,2 1 1,1 1,21 }
2 2
1 1
,1 1,2 1 = 2.4110 And 1,1 1,2 1 = = 2.7006 = 0.3702
2 2
, 1,1 1
2 2
Then = { 2.4110 0.3702}
Since Then we do not reject that means 12 = 22
Decision: Since Then we do not reject that means 12 = 22
1 2
o Test Statistics: = 1 1
+
1 2

(1 1)12 + (2 1)22
2 = = 50
1 + 2 2
With df = 1 + 2 2 = 16 + 25 2 = 39
o Test Statistics value: = 0.069
o Rejection Region: = { ,1 +22 } = { 0.05,39 } = { 1.686}
o Decision: Then we do not reject
o Conclusion: There is no different in resulting between reading by E-book and Hard-
book.
II. ANOVA
a. ANOVAs assumption
The population from which the sample were obtained must be normally or
approximately normally distributed. That is, , is normally distributed for all , .
The sample must be independent of one another. That is
(11 , , 11 ), , (1 , , ) are independent.
The variance of the populations must be equal. That is for all ,
( ) = , ( ) = 2 <
b. ANOVA Table
ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Treatment(Tr) 3.216814 2 1.608407 0.028572 0.971849 3.195056
Error(E ) 2645.748 47 56.29252

Total(T) 2648.965 49
c. Calculating
Sum of Square

= =1 =1(. .. )2 = 1
2
= =1 =1( . ) =
Mean Square for

=
1

=


Test Statistics =
= ( 0 )
d. Theory
, =the random variable (rv) that denotes the jth measurement taken from the ith
population, or the measurement taken on the jth experimental unit that receives the ith
treatment.
, = the observed value of when the experiment is performed.
Denote:
1 =
.
2 =

.
3 = .
1. Testing
Null Hypothesis 0 : 1 = 2 = 3
Alternative Hypothesis : for some
1.608407
2. Test Statistic value = = 56.29252 = 0.028572

3. Rejection Region at level = 0.05: = { ,1, )} = { 3.195056}
4. Decision: Since
5. Conclusion: There is no significant evidence to claim that the result between the three.

III. Conclusion
Following the results of testing, there is no different in resulting between reading by E-book and
Hard-book, it depends on the motivation of students.