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Please cite this article in press as Nizam Baloch et al, Anti-Bacterial Activities of Zatoriamultiflora and
Valerianawallichii Crude Extracts and Essential Oil, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2017;04(07).
INTRODUCTION:
Plants are the vital source of medicines for hundreds collected from the local market. These plants were
of years. Per WHO, more than 80% of peoples still identified by the help of local people and then
depends on herbs for medicinal purpose taxonomic identity was confirmed by Department of
[01].Naturally occurring antioxidants and Botany University of Baluchistan Quetta. Both
antimicrobials paid attention to explore now-a-days plants material was washed with tape water and then
because synthetic chemical additives has great dried to protect these from direct exposure of
demand for foodstuffs. sunlight. Dried under shad to protect the form dirt ex
Zatoria multifora Boiss belonging to the family Bothplants were grinded to make powder.
Lamiaceae to which many plants belong, known as Thendehydrated powdered materials were kept in air
Avishan-e-Shirazi (in Iran), and SAATAR, tight bottles.
AZGHIND (in Pakistan) is an expedient plant
[02,03,04,05].Zatoria multiflora is wooded, leathery Preparation of extracts
roots leave of Z. multiflora are tiny, fine, oval and 100 grams of plant dehydrated powder was dissolved
greenish grey in color [06]. It is first described in in 80% methanol for 10 days at room temperature 25
1876 [07]The height of this plant is about 40-80cm 30.after that extract were filtered by using what man
with thin, several branched stems. ZM contains four (No. 2) filter paper. The filtrates were kept on rotary
stamens and the corolla which is little higher than evaporator for 2 days. For analyzing and testing, then
calyx that is white in color [08].Zatoria multiflora is methanolic extracts were kept in glass tubes [18].
mostly found in warm region of southern and central
part of Iran. In Pakistan, it is widely distributed in Preparation of essential oils:
southwestern part (specially in Baluchistan province) Plant samples were used for extraction of essential oil
[09].The major chemical constituents of ZM are to steam distillation by using Clevenger type
thymol and carvacrol [10]. The present studies the apparatus about 4 hours. For testing and analyzing,
methanolic extract and essential oil of the plant were the obtained essential oil was stored at about 4 C.
examined forits activity against bacteria.
Valeriana wallichii is such an important plant Test microorganisms
contains medicinal properties. This plant is a small The three bacterial strains and three fungal strains
14-45cm in height and is perennial herb were used in this study. And these strains obtained
[11].Valeriana wallichii is cultivated like an from Quetta lab. The bacterial strain used were
ornamental plant [12,13]. The rhizome of the plant is Shigellaboydii, Escherichia coli and Bacillus Subtilis.
short and bitter in taste, stems are 30-150 cm, leaves
are usually pinnate with 3-25 leaflets that are linear Antibacterial activity of plant samples
and the flower asexual and white and pink and 2-7 Per APHA (American Public Health Association)
cm long. The fruit is 2-5 mm long; hairy Leaves are different bacterial strains were analyzed by using
2.5-3000 cm long and thick horizontal root stick with Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA).
40-50cm height of herb of this plant[14]. The For crude extract, 0.5gm/LPDA, 1.0gm/LPDA,
chemicals which are present in Valeriana jatamansi 1.5gm/LPDA, 2.0gm/LPDA,2.5gm/LPDA,
are, Chlorogenic Acid, Valerenic Acid 3.0gm/LPDA and Control.For essential
(Sesquiterpenoids), Caffeic Acid, Valerosidatum, oil,0.1ml/LPDA,0.2ml/LPDA, 3ml/LPDA,
Baldrinal, Valepotriates (Iridiod Esters) 0.4ml/LPDA, 0.5ml/L PDA, 0.6ml/LPDA and
[15].Different type of skin diseases, liver protection, Control, different concentrations were prepared.
snake poisoning, wound healing, obesity, sleep All the microbial strains were inoculated on PDA
improvement and antispasmodic are some traditional slants with the help of sterilized inoculating loop at
uses of Valeriana wallichii [16].It was also used in 35 C for 72 hours. All the process was done in a
First World War due to its tranquillizer action for the Laminar air flow cabinet to avoid contamination.
treatment of the soldiers [17].The present studies of These petri dishes were labeled. The plates were left
plant included to examine antibacterial activity. in an incubator (for the better growth of
Further, crude extract and essential oil of the plant microbes).Antibacterial activity of both plant extract
showed antibacterial activity due to the presence of and essential oil was documented based on linear
volatile oils. colony growth. And linear colony forming growth of
microbes was determined by CFU (colony forming
MATERIALS AND METHODS: unit) measurements.
The aerial parts of the plant Z. multiflorawere
collected at flowering stage from HazargangiNational
Park Quetta and the roots of V. wallichii was
RESULTS:
EOs and crude extracts of Z. multifloraand V. 0.3ml/LPDA, 0.4ml/LPDA and0.5ml/LPDA has
wallichii showed significant effect against bacteria at showed closest anti-bacterial efficacy to
doses 0.5gm/LPD, 1.0gm/LPDA, 1.5gm/LPDA, 0.6ml/LPDA. All dosages have presented
2.0gm/LPDA, 2.5gm/LPDA and 3.0gm/LPDA for antibacterial efficacy as related to control. However
crude extract; and 0.1ml/LPDA, 0.2ml/LPDA, maximum reduction of colonial growth was shown
0.3ml/LPDA, 0.4ml/LPDA and 0.5ml/LPDA for by essential oil of Z. multiflora against bacteria where
essential oil. As 0.6ml/Liter Potato Dextrose Agar of CFU calculation recorded up to 0.00mm at 0.6
Z. multifloraessentional oil (table no; 03) showed ml/Liter Potato Dextrose Agar dose as showed in
excellent reductionthan those of other doses of table no. 03. Moreover, the PDA control showed
essential oil,0.1ml/LPDA, 0.2ml/LPDA, about 25mm against bacteria.
Table 1 shows the efficacy of Z. multiflora crude extract against three different strains of bacteria such as
Shigellaboydii, E. coli and Bacillus subtillis by using PDA medium with different doeses. All the doses showed
antibacterial activity. While, CFU calculations estimates that miximum reduction in colonial growth was observed in
Bacillus subtillisthat is up to 0.00mm at dose 2.5gm/LPDA and 3.0gm/LPDA. And minimum reduction in colonial
growth was observed in E. coli that was 22mm at dose 0.5gm/LPDA.
Table 2 shows the efficacy of V. wallichiicrude extract against three different strains of bacteria such as
Shigellaboydii, E. coli and Bacillus subtillis by using PDA medium with different doses. All the doses showed
antibacterial activity. While, CFU calculations estimates that maximum reduction in colonial growth was observed
in Bacillus subtillisthat is up to 0.00mm at dose 3.0gm/LPDA and 3.0gm/LPDA. And minimum reduction in
colonial growth was observed in Shigellaboydii that was 23mm at dose 0.5gm/LPDA.
positive and Gram negative bacteria could be stomatitis. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical
inhibited by alcoholic extracts of Zataria multiflora Sciences. 2003;11(1):23-7.
[25]. Further, Eftekhar also reported that standard 6.Akhoondzadeh BA, Misaghi A, Gheybi S. Effect of
cultures of bacteria can be inhibited by in vitro study organo oil on growth of Bacillus Cereus in Heart
of Zataria multiflora essential oil, and this activity and brain broth. Herbs Quart. 2005;16:48-55.
was recorded due to the presence of Carvacrol and 7.Majlessi N, Choopani S, Kamalinejad M, Azizi Z.
Thymol [26]. Amelioration of Amyloid Induced Cognitive
Further studies of Valerian wallichii presented that Deficits by Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential Oil in a
different extracts of this plant Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. CNS
presentedthoroughgoing inhibition zone against all neuroscience & therapeutics. 2012 Apr 1;18(4):295-
microbial strains in cup plate method [27]. Katoch 301.
reported that anti-leishmanial effect was shown by 8.Bernard G. DromardA; Book of etymology and
different root extracts of Valeriana wallichii medical terminology: Lexicon etymology.
[11].Moreover, in our study all the extracts and Livretdtymologieet de terminologiemdicale:
essential oilsof both plants showed activity against Lexiquedtymologie. 2011:1-4.
different bacterial strains. But essential oil of Zataria 9.Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. A Physicians
multiflora essential oil showed excellent reduction up Guide to Herbal Medicine Rational Phytotherapy.
to0.00mm colony growth at 0.6ml/Liter Potato 10.Katoch O, Kaushik S, Kumar MS, Agrawala PK,
Dextrose Agar dose. Misra K. Radioprotective property of an aqueous
extract from valeriana wallichii. Journal of pharmacy
CONCLUSION: &bioallied sciences. 2012 Oct;4(4):327.
The antibacterial activity of Zataria multiflora and 11.Ghosh S, Debnath S, Hazra S, Hartung A,
Valeriana wallichii showed significant results as Thomale K, Schultheis M, Kapkova P, Schurigt U,
compared with control. Therefore, it has been Moll H, Holzgrabe U, Hazra B. Valeriana wallichii
concluded from above mentioned results that the root extracts and fractions with activity against
Zataria multiflora and Valeriana wallichii exhibits Leishmania spp. Parasitology research. 2011 Apr
antibacterial activity. 1;108(4):861-71.
12.Lefebvre T, Foster BC, Drouin CE, Krantis A,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Livesey JF, Jordan SA. In vitro activity of
The support provided byProf. Dr. Nizam-u-din commercial valerian root extracts against human
Baloch, Mr. Tamoor Khan and Miss. Farida Behlil is cytochrome P450 3A4. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2004
duly acknowledge by author of this paper. Aug 12;7(2):265-73.
13.Mathela CS, Chanotiya CS, Sati S, Sammal SS,
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