http://www.city.hiroshima.jp/kikaku/joho/toukei/HistoryE/c01.

html Ir CONJUNTO

42capturas
25jun0113atrs10

1.OrigemdeHiroshima
1.1AfamliaMoriconstrioCastelodeHiroshima

AhistriadeHiroshimacomoumacidadedocastelo
comeouquandoTerumotoMorideixouocastelode
KoriyamaemYoshida,condadodeTakata,econstruiu
umcastelonascostasdabaadeHiroshima.Em15de
abrilde1589,TerumotonomeouNaritokiNinomiyaeos
magistradosdeMotokiyoHoitaencarregadosda
construoeordenouquecomeassemotrabalhodefundaocom
todaavelocidadepossvel.Noanoseguinte,acidadedocastelofoi
disposta,ofossoescavado,eosedifciosdocasteloestavamem
construo.Aconstruodocasteloprosseguiumesmoquedurante
esseanoTerumotoestivessenodeverqueprotegeKyoto,quando
HideyoshiToyotomiatacouocastelodeOdawara.Terumotomoveu
senocasteloem1593quandoaconstruoestavaquasecompleta.
Eraclaramenteconstrudoemumagrandepressa.

Naqueletempo,Niho,Eba,eUjina(Motoujinaatual)eramilhasna
baarasa.Terraeareia,regadaspelorioOta,acumuladasnabaa
duranteumlongoperododetempoeformaramumnmerodeilhas
planas.Naquelapoca,aspessoascomearamaocuparessasilhase
chamouareade"Gokaura"ou"Gokasho"ou"Gokason"(Cinco
Vilas).AlgunsdizemqueonomedeHiroshimaveiodofatodequeo
castelofoiconstrudonamaiordasilhas.(Hirosignificagrande,
shimasignificailha.)

OcastelodeHiroshimachamadotambm"Rijo"(ocasteloda
carpa).Istoporque"Koi"emKoiura,todaareaondeocastelofoi
localizado,umhomnimodecarpaemjapons.

OsMoristiveramseuprimeirocontatocomHiroshimaquandoo
shogunatedeKamakuraosnomeousenhoresdeYoshidaemTakata
County.Prolongandosuainflunciasobrearegio,elesqueriamum
pontodeapoionacostaporrazeseconmicasemilitares.

DadoqueotrfegocomercialnoMarInteriordeSeto
estavaentosobocontrolodafamliaOuchieocomrcio
noMardoJapoaonortedeHiroshimaeracontrolado
pelafamliaAmako,osMorisestavamnumaposio
insegura.Noentanto,duranteotempodeMotonari,av
deTerumoto,elestransferiramsualealdadedoAmakos
paraoOuchis,quelhesdeuterraemKabe,FukawaKamiShimo,
NukushinaeKumura.Motonarientoavanouparaosulaolongodo
RioOta.ElecolidiucomoClTakedabaseadonoCasteloKanayama
(Gioncho),queeramresponsveispelaProvnciadeAki(amaior
partedaatualPrefeituradeHiroshima)ComoclAmako,queeram
aliadoscomosTakedas,ecomafamliasacerdotalquegovernou
Itsukushima.Motonariconquistouessesgovernantesumapsooutro
e,comoresultadodaquedadosTakedas,osOuchisconfiaramlheas
antigasterrasdosTakedas.Motonariagoratinhaaterranamargemda
BaadeHiroshimaqueelequeria.

In1555,MotonaridefeatedHarukataSue,
whohadbetrayedYoshitakaOuchi,and
forcedhimtocommitsuicide.Afterthat,he
subjugatedtwodomainsofBocho(presently
apartofYamaguchiPrefecture)andunited
thewholeChugokudistrictunderhissway.
PlansforTerumototobuild>HiroshimaCastlewereprobablymade
http://www.city.hiroshima.jp/kikaku/joho/toukei/HistoryE/c01.html Ir CONJUNTO
duringthedaysofMotonari.
42capturas
25jun0113atrs10
Withthecompletionofthecastle,asretainersmovedinfrom
Yoshida,merchantsandartisanswererecruitedfrommanyplaces.
Thus,anewcastletown,befittingagreatfeudallord,wasborn.
Gokason,whichhadbeennothingmorethanagroupoftinyfishing
villagesamongthereedssuddenlybecameabustlingtown.Bridges
androadswereconstructed,includingtheMotoyasuBridge,the
HonkawaBridge,andtheroadrunninginfrontofthecastlefromeast
towestconnectingHorikawacho,Hiratayacho,Nakajimahon
machi(presentlyinPeaceMemorialPark),andSakaimachi.The
SanyohighwaywhichhadrunnorthofGokasonnowranthroughthe
town.

Riversrunningthroughthetownwereutilizedforwatertransport,
connectingthetownwiththeSetoInlandSea.Tenjinmachi(eastof
PeaceMemorialPark)ontheMotoyasuRiver,thencalledFuna
machi,hadaflourishingwharf.Inaddition,twocanalswerebuilt,the
Hiratayaintheeast,andtheSeito(overwhichtheTakanoBridgewas
built)inthewest,toserveasharbors.Onomichicho,Shioyacho,
Nishiuoyacho,Horikawacho,HigashiuoyachoandShinsenba
(Funaba)chodevelopedalongthesecanals.Thecanalshavesince
beenfilledinandarenowusedasroads.

Therewerealsomedievalmarkettraders.AtTokaichichointhe
west,therewasaregularmarketforvegetables,fruits,andprocessed
farmproductssuchasstrawmats,tatamimats,andbasketsmadeof
bamboo,broughtinfromplacesontheuppercoursesoftheOta
River.Tokaichiitselfwassaidtohavebeenamarkettransferredfrom
Yoshida,andtheregularmarketdayswereverybusy.

Thesetraditionalneighborhoodnames,establishedduringthedaysof
theMoris,theFukushimasandtheAsanos,wereretaineduntilthe
communityreorganizationwhichfollowedthedevastationofthe
atomicbombing.AfterthedeathofHideyoshiToyotomionAugust
18,1598,IeyasuTokugawabegantoextendhispower.Terumoto
Mori,commanderinchiefoftheopposingwesternarmy,was
defeatedbytheTokugawaforcesatthebattleofSekigahara,and
forcedtowithdrawintothetwodomainsofBocho(present
YamaguchiPrefecture).ThushewaslordofHiroshimaCastlefor
onlytenyears.

1.2EntryofMasanoriFukushimainto
Hiroshima
DepoisqueosMorisdeixaramHiroshima,Masanori
Fukushima,quetinhatomadooladodosTokugawana
batalhadeSekigahara,chegoucomogovernadorgeralde
GeishueBingo(atualPrefeituradeHiroshima).EleveiodoCastelo
KiyosuemOwari(atualPrefeituradeAichi).medidaquearegra
deFukushimacomeou,Hiroshimasedesenvolveurapidamente.As
comunidadeseramorganizadaspormagistrados,gruposdebairro
foramcriadosparacontrolarapopulao,ecadagrupotinhaumlder
sniornomeado.Estesistemaduroumaisde260anosata
RestauraoMeiji.

Expansionofthecityareawasalsopromotedandthefollowingareas
weredeveloped:KanonShinkaiwhichcoversmostofthepresent
Kanonmachiarea,KirishitanShinkaiwhichisthepresentTakeya
cho,Fujimichoarea,KokutaijiShinkaiwhichisthepresent
Kokutaijicho,RokuchomeShinkai,KakomachiShinkai,Funairi
ShinkaiandtheeasternandsouthernpartsofHijiyama.

TheFukushimasendeavoredtoimprovethedomainbycarryingouta
landsurvey.However,theywereforcedtoleaveHiroshimabecause
theyhadHiroshimaCastle,whichwasdamagedbyafloodin1619,
http://www.city.hiroshima.jp/kikaku/joho/toukei/HistoryE/c01.html Ir CONJUNTO
repairedwithoutpermissionfromtheTokugawaFeudalGovernment.
42capturas
TheruleoftheFukushimaslastedforonlyabout20years.
25jun0113atrs10

1.3TheAsanoRule
Em8deagostode1619,NagaakiraAsanoentrouem
HiroshimadeWakayamaemKishu(umapartedoatual
distritodeKinki)substituindooFukushimas.OsAsanos,
aliadosprximosdosgovernantesdeTokugawa,foram
instaladoscomoachaveaocontroledeTokugawado
distritodeChugokue,comterrasavaliadasem426.000
kokudoarroz,governarampor250anosatotempodarestaurao
deMeiji.SobaregradeAsanoacidadecontinuouacrescere
prosperar.

LiketheFukushimas,theAsanosaddednewareastothecity.
AccordingtoamapdrawnintheKanseiperiod(17891801),new
landwasaddedbeyondthenewlydevelopedKirishitanaddition.In
thesameway,newlyfilledinlandwasaddedtotheHijiyamaand
Rokuchomeadditions.Progressinfillinginshallowareasofthebay
tocreatenewlandwasasdramaticasthelevelingofmountainsto
createnewhousingareastoday.

Inaddition,quiteafewnewlydevelopedareas,largeandsmall,are
recordedonoldmapsdrawnaboutthattime.Inthisway,Hijiyama,
Nihoshima,andEba,originallyislands,becamepartofthemainland.

DuringtheAsanoperiod,therewerealmostnomilitarydisturbances.
Inparallelwiththedevelopmentofarichsamuraiculture,theculture
ofthetownspeople,withtheirincreasedeconomicstrength,also
maderapidprogress.AstheTokugawaregimepromoted
Confucianism,thelordsoftheAsanoClangaveimportantpositions
toConfucianscholars.Forexample,theyinvitedJozanIshikawafrom
Kyoto.In1725,aschoolexclusivelyforthechildrenofclansmenwas
establishedinHakushimaandtheestablishmentofprivateschools
andtempleschoolswasencouraged.Withtheseeducationalpolicies,
arichculturebegantobloom.

SanyoRai,filhodeShunsuiRai,queeraumerudito
confucianoqueserviaoClAsano,ajudouadesenvolver
asidiasquelevaramRestauraoMeiji.Seulivro,o
Nihongaishi(umahistrianooficialdoJapo)deixou
umaprofundaimpressonasmentesdaspessoasnaquela
poca.Eletambmeraumpoetailustre.Aindahmuitas
pessoasquegostamderecitarseuspoemas.

Copyright(c)2002FundaodaCulturadaPazdeHiroshima
chosa@pcf.city.hiroshima.jp