Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1
2 2 HARDWARE
thetic was inspired by the 1958 Braun T3 transistor ra- computer and the music player.[9] Apple researched the
dio designed by Dieter Rams, while the wheel-based user trademark and found that it was already in use. Joseph
interface was prompted by Bang & Olufsens BeoCom N. Grasso of New Jersey had originally listed an iPod
6000 telephone.[12][13] The product (the Walkman of the trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Oce
twenty-rst century [14] ) was developed in less than one (USPTO) in July 2000 for Internet kiosks. The rst iPod
year and unveiled on October 23, 2001. Jobs announced kiosks had been demonstrated to the public in New Jer-
it as a Mac-compatible product with a 5 GB hard drive sey in March 1998, and commercial use began in January
that put 1,000 songs in your pocket.[15] 2000, but had apparently been discontinued by 2001. The
trademark was registered by the USPTO in November
Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-
house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform 2003,[19] and Grasso assigned it to Apple Computer, Inc. in
2005.
based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary
software running on a commercial microkernel embed- The earliest recorded use in commerce of an iPod
ded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been trademark was in 1991 by Chrysalis Corp. of Sturgis,
working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth Michigan, styled "iPOD.[20]
headphones.[9] Apple contracted another company, Pixo, In mid-2015, several new color schemes for all of the
to help design and implement the user interface under current iPod models were spotted in the latest version of
the direct supervision of Steve Jobs.[9] As development iTunes, 12.2. Belgian website Belgium iPhone originally
progressed, Apple continued to rene the softwares look found the images when plugging in an iPod for the rst
and feel. Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font time, and subsequent leaked photos were found by Pierre
was replaced with Espy Sans. Later iPods switched fonts Dandumont.[21][22]
again to Podium Sansa font similar to Apples corpo-
rate font, Myriad. Color display iPods then adopted some
Mac OS X themes like Aqua progress bars, and brushed
metal meant to evoke a combination lock. In 2007, Apple 2 Hardware
modied the iPod interface again with the introduction
of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation 2.1 Audio
iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most
cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response,
on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the as shown in audio tests.[30][31] The combination of the
right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item). undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low
In 2006 Apple presented a special edition for iPod 5G of impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-
Irish rock band U2. Like its predecessor, this iPod has pass lter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass
engraved the signatures of the four members of the band output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth-
on its back, but this one was the rst time the company generation iPods.[32] The problem is reduced when using
changed the colour of the metal (not silver but black). high-impedance headphones and is completely masked
This iPod was only available with 30GB of storage capac- when driving high-impedance (line level) loads, such as
ity. The special edition entitled purchasers to an exclusive an external headphone amplier. The rst-generation
video with 33 minutes of interviews and performance by iPod Shue uses a dual-transistor output stage,[30] rather
U2, downloadable from the iTunes Store.[16][17] than a single capacitor-coupled output, and does not ex-
hibit reduced bass response for any load.
In September 2007, during a lawsuit with patent hold-
ing company Burst.com, Apple drew attention to a patent For all iPods released in 2006 and earlier, some equalizer
for a similar device that was developed in 1979. Kane (EQ) sound settings would distort the bass sound far too
Kramer applied for a UK patent for his design of a plas- easily, even on undemanding songs.[33][34] This would
tic music box in 1981, which he called the IXI.[18] He happen for EQ settings like R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and
was unable to secure funding to renew the US$120,000 Bass Booster, because the equalizer amplied the digital
worldwide patent, so it lapsed and Kramer never proted audio level beyond the softwares limit, causing distortion
from his idea.[18] (clipping) on bass instruments.
The name iPod was proposed by Vinnie Chieco, a free- From the fth-generation iPod on, Apple introduced a
lance copywriter, who (with others) was called by Ap- user-congurable volume limit in response to concerns
ple to gure out how to introduce the new player to the about hearing loss.[35] Users report that in the sixth-
public. After Chieco saw a prototype, he thought of the generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is
movie 2001: A Space Odyssey and the phrase Open the limited to 100 dB in EU markets. Apple previously had
pod bay door, Hal!", which refers to the white EVA Pods to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding
of the Discovery One spaceship. Chieco saw an analogy this legal limit.[36] However, users who have bought a
to the relationship between the spaceship and the smaller new sixth-generation iPod in late 2013 have reported a
independent pods in the relationship between a personal new option that allowed them to disable the EU volume
limit.[37] It has been said that these new iPods came with
2.3 Accessories 3
an updated software that allowed this change.[38] Older Lightning, on September 12, 2012 with their announce-
sixth-generation iPods, however, are unable to update to ment of the iPhone 5, the fth-generation iPod Touch,
this software version.[39] and the seventh-generation iPod Nano, which all feature
it. The new connector replaces the older 30-pin dock con-
nector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads. Apple
2.2 Connectivity Lightning cables have pins on both sides of the plug so it
can be inserted with either side facing up.[41]
See also: Dock connector Apple
Originally, a FireWire connection to the host computer
2.3 Accessories
The Made for iPod logo found on most classic iPod accessories
Four iPod wall chargers for North America, all made by Ap-
ple. These have FireWire (left) and USB (right three) connectors,
which allow iPods to charge without a computer. The units have Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A
been miniaturized over time. large number are made by third party companies, al-
though many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Ap-
was used to update songs or recharge the battery. The ple. Some accessories add extra features that other music
battery could also be charged with a power adapter that players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners,
was included with the rst four generations. wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for TV
The third generation began including a 30-pin dock con- connections. Other accessories oer unique features like
nector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This the Nike+iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connec-
provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, tor. Other notable accessories include external speakers,
as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. wireless remote controls, protective case, screen lms,
Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB ca- and wireless earphones.[42] Among the rst accessory
bles instead of FireWire, although the latter was avail- manufacturers were Grin Technology, Belkin, JBL,
able separately. As of the rst-generation iPod Nano Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation.
and the fth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontin- BMW released the rst iPod automobile interface,[43]
ued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allow- allowing drivers of newer BMW vehicles to control an
ing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an at- iPod using either the built-in steering wheel controls
tempt to reduce cost and form factor. As of the second- or the radio head-unit buttons. Apple announced in
generation iPod Touch and the fourth-generation iPod 2005 that similar systems would be available for other
Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed. The vehicle brands, including Mercedes-Benz,[44] Volvo,[45]
second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shue uses Nissan, Toyota,[46] Alfa Romeo, Ferrari,[47] Acura, Audi,
a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector which acts as Honda,[48] Renault, Inniti[49] and Volkswagen.[50] Scion
both a headphone jack or a USB data and charging port oers standard iPod connectivity on all their cars.
for the dock/cable. Gecko Gear, founded in 2006, sells 100 accessories rang-
The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to ing from protective covers to cases, screen protectors to
accessories, which often supplement the iPods music, armbands.
video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories,
Some independent stereo manufacturers including JVC,
such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are
Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon
manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Grin.
also have iPod-specic integration solutions. Alternative
Some peripherals use their own interface, while others
connection methods include adapter kits (that use the cas-
use the iPods own screen. Because the dock connector is
sette deck or the CD changer port), audio input jacks, and
a proprietary interface, the implementation of the inter-
FM transmitters such as the iTripalthough personal FM
face requires paying royalties to Apple.[40] transmitters are illegal in some countries. Many car man-
Apple introduced a new 8-pin dock connector, named ufacturers have added audio input jacks as standard.[51]
4 3 SOFTWARE
3 Software
The iPod line can play several audio le formats in-
cluding MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV,
Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless. The iPod Photo
introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF,
and PNG image le formats. Fifth- and sixth-generation
The signature iPod click wheel
iPod Classics, as well as third-generation iPod Nanos, can
additionally play MPEG-4 (H.264/MPEG-4 AVC) and
QuickTime video formats, with restrictions on video di- malist interface. The buttons perform basic functions
mensions, encoding techniques and data rates.[54] Orig- such as menu, play, pause, next track, and previous track.
inally, iPod software only worked with Classic Mac OS Other operations, such as scrolling through menu items
and Mac OS X; iPod software for Microsoft Windows and controlling the volume, are performed by using the
was launched with the second-generation model.[55] Un- click wheel in a rotational manner. The 3rd-generation
like most other media players, Apple does not support iPod Shue does not have any controls on the actual
Microsoft's WMA audio formatbut a converter for player; instead it has a small control on the earphone ca-
WMA les without Digital Rights Management (DRM) is ble, with volume-up and -down buttons and a single but-
provided with the Windows version of iTunes. MIDI les ton for play and pause, next track, etc. The iPod Touch
also cannot be played, but can be converted to audio les has no click-wheel; instead it uses a 3.5 touch screen
using the Advanced menu in iTunes. Alternative open- along with a home button, sleep/wake button and (on the
source audio formats, such as Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, are second and third generations of the iPod Touch) volume-
not supported without installing custom rmware onto an up and -down buttons. The user interface for the iPod
iPod (e.g., Rockbox). Touch is identical to that of the iPhone. Dierences in-
During installation, an iPod is associated with one host clude the lack of a phone application. Both devices use
computer. Each time an iPod connects to its host com- iOS.
puter, iTunes can synchronize entire music libraries or
music playlists either automatically or manually. Song
ratings can be set on an iPod and synchronized later to the 3.2 iTunes Store
iTunes library, and vice versa. A user can access, play,
and add music on a second computer if an iPod is set to Main articles: iTunes and iTunes Store
manual and not automatic sync, but anything added or
edited will be reversed upon connecting and syncing with
the main computer and its library. If a user wishes to au- The iTunes Store (introduced April 29, 2003) is an on-
tomatically sync music with another computer, an iPods line media store run by Apple and accessed through
library will be entirely wiped and replaced with the other iTunes. The store became the market leader soon af-
computers library. ter its launch[56] and Apple announced the sale of videos
through the store on October 12, 2005. Full-length
movies became available on September 12, 2006.[57]
3.1 Interface At the time the store was introduced, purchased audio
les used the AAC format with added encryption, based
iPods with color displays use anti-aliased graphics and on the FairPlay DRM system. Up to ve authorized com-
text, with sliding animations. All iPods (except the 3rd- puters and an unlimited number of iPods could play the
generation iPod Shue, the 6th & 7th generation iPod les. Burning the les with iTunes as an audio CD, then
Nano, and iPod Touch) have ve buttons and the later re-importing would create music les without the DRM.
generations have the buttons integrated into the click The DRM could also be removed using third-party soft-
wheel an innovation that gives an uncluttered, mini- ware. However, in a deal with Apple, EMI began selling
3.4 File storage and transfer 5
DRM-free, higher-quality songs on the iTunes Stores, in ing the video game handheld console market. Even video
a category called iTunes Plus. While individual songs game magazines like GamePro and EGM have reviewed
were made available at a cost of US$1.29, 30 more than and rated most of their games as of late.[61]
the cost of a regular DRM song, entire albums were avail- The games are in the form of .ipg les, which are ac-
able for the same price, US$9.99, as DRM encoded al- tually .zip archives in disguise. When unzipped, they re-
bums. On October 17, 2007, Apple lowered the cost of veal executable les along with common audio and image
individual iTunes Plus songs to US$0.99 per song, the les, leading to the possibility of third party games. Ap-
same as DRM encoded tracks. On January 6, 2009, Ap- ple has not publicly released a software development kit
ple announced that DRM has been removed from 80% of
(SDK) for iPod-specic development.[62] Apps produced
the music catalog, and that it would be removed from all with the iPhone SDK are compatible only with the iOS on
music by April 2009.
the iPod Touch and iPhone, which cannot run clickwheel-
iPods cannot play music les from competing music based games.
stores that use rival-DRM technologies like Microsoft's
protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM. Exam-
ple stores include Napster and MSN Music. RealNet-
works claims that Apple is creating problems for itself[58]
by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes
Store. Steve Jobs stated that Apple makes little prot
from song sales, although Apple uses the store to promote 3.4 File storage and transfer
iPod sales.[59] However, iPods can also play music les
from online stores that do not use DRM, such as eMusic
or Amie Street. All iPods except for the iPod Touch can function in disk
mode as mass storage devices to store data les[63] but
Universal Music Group decided not to renew their con-
this may not be the default behavior, and in the case of
tract with the iTunes Store on July 3, 2007. Universal
[60] the iPod Touch, requires special software. If an iPod is
will now supply iTunes in an 'at will' capacity.
formatted on a Mac OS computer, it uses the HFS+ le
Apple debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store on Septem- system format, which allows it to serve as a boot disk for
ber 5, 2007, in its Media Event entitled The Beat Goes a Mac computer.[64] If it is formatted on Windows, the
On.... This service allows users to access the Music Store FAT32 format is used. With the release of the Windows-
from either an iPhone or an iPod Touch and download compatible iPod, the default le system used on the iPod
songs directly to the device that can be synced to the users line switched from HFS+ to FAT32, although it can be re-
iTunes Library over a WiFi connection, or, in the case of formatted to either le system (excluding the iPod Shue
an iPhone, the telephone network. which is strictly FAT32). Generally, if a new iPod (ex-
cluding the iPod Shue) is initially plugged into a com-
puter running Windows, it will be formatted with FAT32,
3.3 Games and if initially plugged into a Mac running Mac OS it will
be formatted with HFS+.[65]
Main articles: iPod game and App Store (iOS) Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or
video les to the drive with a typical le management ap-
Video games are playable on various versions of iPods. plication will not allow an iPod to properly access them.
The original iPod had the game Brick (originally inventedThe user must use software that has been specically de-
by Apples co-founder Steve Wozniak) included as an signed to transfer media les to iPods, so that the les are
easter egg hidden feature; later rmware versions added playable and viewable. Usually iTunes is used to transfer
it as a menu option. Later revisions of the iPod added media to an iPod, though several alternative third-party
three more games: Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz. applications are available on a number of dierent plat-
In September 2006, the iTunes Store began to oer ad- forms.
ditional games for purchase with the launch of iTunes 7, iTunes 7 and above can transfer purchased media of the
compatible with the fth generation iPod with iPod soft- iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer, provided that
ware 1.2 or later. Those games were: Bejeweled, Cubis 2, computer containing the DRM protected media is autho-
Mahjong, Mini Golf, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, rized to play it.
Vortex, Asphalt 4: Elite Racing and Zuma. Additional Media les are stored on an iPod in a hidden folder, along
games have since been added. These games work on the with a proprietary database le. The hidden content can
6th and 5th generation iPod Classic and the 5th and 4th be accessed on the host operating system by enabling
generation iPod Nano. hidden les to be shown. The media les can then be
With third parties like Namco, Square Enix, Electronic recovered manually by copying the les or folders o the
Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft all making games for the iPod. Many third-party applications also allow easy copy-
iPod, Apples MP3 player has taken steps towards enter- ing of media les o of an iPod.
6 6 SALES
Mini 1G
Nano 1G
Classic 2G
Classic 3G
Classic 4G
Classic 4G Photo
Classic 4G Color
Classic 5G
Shuffle 3G
Main article: List of iPod models 20
16
12
5 Patent disputes 20
10
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
was usually above 20% while those with ash mem- Sources: Apple press release library,[125] Mactracker
ory had a failure rate below 10%. In late 2005, many Apple Inc. model database[69]
users complained that the surface of the rst generation
iPod Nano can become scratched easily, rendering the
screen unusable.[113][114] A class-action lawsuit was also
led.[115] Apple initially considered the issue a minor de- 10 See also
fect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective
sleeves. Comparison of portable media players
Comparison of iPod managers
8.3 Labor disputes
iPhone
On June 11, 2006, the British tabloid The Mail on Sunday Podcast
reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by work-
ers who earn no more than US$50 per month and work
15-hour shifts.[116] Apple investigated the case with inde-
pendent auditors and found that, while some of the plants
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member the dot, Magikdonut, Pbui44, Stayfree, Your1727, Twister Twist, MP3Additions, George1028, Barraki, Sergiy.gagarin, B0gmen0t,
Tsusurfanami, DMCer, DougJustDoug, AlanArthurJenkins, Ravzz, Ajfweb, Szayat, Rugby471, SkyBoxx, Hchoi, Chris as I am Chris,
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13.2 Images 15
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Kbdankbot, Deydeydey, Pepperpocket, Prowikipedians, Addbot, Proofreader77, Speer320, LabradorLover456, Greenday21, Willk-
ing1979, DOI bot, Jojhutton, Tcncv, Garrett18, Alexisamattlover, CalumCook234, CL, Footoo, Charlie2fart, Metagraph, Mrmikenator,
Motboylol, Lynx46, Bruce010479, Elsendero, Older and ... well older, TutterMouse, Nickavl, J3tolmer1, 666iii, Murphykidash, Hooten-
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3192
13.2 Images
File:1G_Nano_iPod.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/1G_Nano_iPod.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Contributors: Own work Original artist: es:Usuario:House
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File:4G_iPod.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/4G_iPod.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors:
Own work Original artist: es:Usuario:House
File:4_iPod_Chargers.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/4_iPod_Chargers.JPG License: CC BY-SA
3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: HereToHelp
File:4th_Generation_iPod_touch.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/4th_Generation_iPod_touch.
png License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: iEatSoxLikeAnimal
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svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Domaina
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Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:House
File:7th_Generation_iPod_Nano.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/7th_Generation_iPod_Nano.svg
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File:Apple_logo_black.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Apple_logo_black.svg License: Public do-
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Original: Rob Jano
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nal artist: ?
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SA 2.5 Contributors: Transferred from en.wikinews to Commons. (transferred to commons by Microchip08) Original artist: Alainr345
16 13 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES