Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

QUESTION BANK (HOT Problems)

Problems)

ALGEBRA

(1) If the sum of first 'p' terms of an A.P. is equal to the sum of first 'q' terms then
show that the sum of its first p + q terms is zero where p q.
Solution :
To prove : Sp + q = 0
For the A.P.
Sp= Sq ... Given (i)
We know,
n
Sn= [2a + (n 1)d]
2
For Sp, put n = p,
p
Sp= [2a + (p 1)d] (ii)
2
For sq, put n = q
q
Sq= [2a + (q 1)d] (iii)
2
From (i), (ii) and (iii)
p q
[2a + (p 1)d] = [2a + (q 1)d]
2 2
p(2a + dp d) = q (2a + dq d)
2ap + dp2 dp = 2aq + dq2 dq
2ap 2aq + dp2 dq2 dp + dq = 0
(p q) 2a + (p2 q2) d (p q) d = 0
(p q) [2a + (p + q)d d] = 0
(p q) [2a + (p + q 1)d] = 0
pq = 0
Or 2a + (p + q 1)d = 0
Consider p q = 0
p=q
Question Bank -4- studiesmadesimple TM

For the given A.P., p and q are different places.

pq
p q cannot be equal to 0.
2a + (p + q 1)d = 0 (iv) (3)
Now, for Sp + q, put n = p + q,
p+q
Sp + q = [2a + (p + q 1)d]
2
p+q
= 0 from (iv)
2
Sp + q = 0
Sum of first p + q terms is zero.

(2) How many two digit numbers leave the remainder 1 when divided by 5 ?
Solution :
The first 2 digit no. which is divisible by 5 is 10 and the last 2 digit no. divisible by
5 is 95.
The two digit no. that leave the remainder 1 when divided by 5, are as follows :
11, 16, 21, 96 which is an A.P. where
a = 11, d = 11 6 = 5 and tn = 96
We know,
tn = a + (n 1)d
96 = 11 + (n 1)5
96 = 11 + 5n 5
96 = 5n + 6
96 6 = 5n
5n = 90
90
n =
5
n = 18
No. of two digit numbers that leave the remainder 1 when divided by 5 is 18.

(3) How many terms of the A. P. 16, 14, 12, are needed to give the sum 60 ?
Explain why we get two answers.
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

Solution :
The given numbers in A.P. are 16, 14, 12,
Here a = 16, d = 14 16 = 2, Sn = 60
We know,
n
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
n
60 = [2 16 + (n 1)(2)]
2
120 = n(32 2n + 2)
120 = n(34 2n)
120 = 34n 2n2
2n2 34n + 120 = 0
Dividing by 2 on both sides
n2 17n + 60 = 0
(n 12)(n 5) = 0
n 12 = 0 or n5=0
n = 12 or n=5
For n = 5, S5 = 60 i.e. Sum of 16, 14, 12, 10, 8 is 60.
For n = 12, S12 = 60 i.e. Sum of 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0, -2, -4, -6 is 60.
We get two answers because the given sequence is in descending order (i.e. d is
negative).

(4) If the 9th term of an A. P. is zero then prove that the 29th term is double the 19th
term.
Solution :
To prove : t29 = 2 t19
For the A.P., we know,
tn = a + (n 1)d (i)
For t9, put n = 9,
t9 = a + (9 1)d
t9 = a + 8d
a + 8d = 0
a = 8d (ii)
Question Bank -6- studiesmadesimple TM

For t19, put n = 19,

t19= a + (19 1)d
t19= a + 18d
t19= 8d + 18d [From (ii)]
t19 = 10d (iii)
For t29, Put n = 29
t29 = a + (29 1)d
= a + 28d
= 8d + 28d (ii)
t29 = 20d (iv)
From (iii) and (iv),
t29 = 2 t19
29th term of an A.P. is double of 19th term.

(5) If m times the mth term of an A. P. is equal to n times its nth term then show
that the (m +n)th term of the A. P. is zero.
Solution :
To prove : tm + n = 0
m tm = n tn (i) (Given)
We know,
tn = a + (n 1)d (ii)
for tm, Put n = m;
tm = a + (m 1)d (iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii)
m [a + (m 1)d] = n[a + (n 1)d]
m(a + dm d) = n(a + dn d)
am + dm2 dm = an + dn2 dn
am an + dm2 dn2 dm + dn = 0
(m n)a + (m2 n2)d (m n)d = 0
(mn)a+(m + n)(m n)d (m n)d = 0
(m n)[a + (m + n)d d] = 0
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

(m n)[a + (m + n 1)d] = 0
m n = 0 Or a + (m + n 1)d = 0
Consider m n = 0
m=n
tm and tn are different terms of A.P., m cannot be equal to n.

mn0
a + (m + n 1)d = 0 (iv)
Now,
For tm + n, Put n = m + n
tm + n = a + (m + n 1)d
tm + n = 0 from (iv)

(6) If the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + cx + c = 0 are in the ratio p : q, show
that
p q c
+ + =0
q p a
where a, c are real numbers such that a > 0 and c 0.
Solution :
The given equation is ax2 + cx + c = 0,
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = a, b = c, c = c
Let , be the roots of given equation
c
+= (i)
a
c
and = (ii)
a
p
Also, = (Given) (iii)
q

p q c
LHS = + +
q p a

c
= + + from (iii)
a
Question Bank -8- studiesmadesimple TM

c
= + +
a

+ c
= +
a

c
c
= a + from (i) & (ii)
c a
a
c c
+
= a a
c
a
0
=
c
a
=0
= RHS
p q c
+ + =0
q p a

(7) If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the
sum of the squares of their reciprocals then prove that 2a2c = c2b + b2a.
Solution :
For ax2 + bx + c = 0,
1 1
+ = + ... (Given)
2
2

2 + 2
+ =
22

( + )2 2
( + )= ... (i)
()2

[ 2 + 2 = ( + )2 2]
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

b c
We know, + = and =
a a
2
b c
b a 2 a
=
a 2
c
a

b2 2c

2 a
b a
=
a c2
a2

b2 2ac

b
= a2
a c2
a2

b b 2 2ac
=
a c2
bc2 = a(b2 2ac)
bc2 = ab2 2a2c
2a2c = c2b + b2a

(8) Form the quadratic equations whose roots are the squares of the sum of roots
and square of the difference of roots of the equation
2x2 + 2(m + n)x + m2 + n2 = 0.
Solution :
The given quadratic equation is
2x2 + 2(m + n)x + (m2 + n2) = 0
Let and be the roots of this eqn.
b c
We know, + = and =
a a
Comparing the given equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0
We get,
a = 2, b = 2(m + n), c = (m2 + n2)
Question Bank - 10 - studiesmadesimple TM

2(m + n)
+=
2
+ = (m + n) (i)

m2 + n2
and = (ii)
2
Let the roots of the required quadratic equation be r and r.

As per given condition,

r = ( + )2 (iii)
r = ( )2
(iv)
Now,
( )2= ( + )2 4

(m2 + n2 )
= [(m + n)]2 4
2
= m2 + 2mn + n2 2(m2 + n2)
= m2 + 2mn + n2 2m2 2n2
( )2= m2 + 2mn n2
We know,
The required equation is of the form
x2 (r + r)x + r r = 0
x2 [( + )2 + ( )2] x + ( + )2 ( )2 = 0
x2 {[(m + n) ]2 + (m2 + 2mn n2)}x + {[(m + n)]2 (m2 + 2mn n2)} = 0
x2 (m2 + 2mn + n2 m2 + 2mn n2)x + {[(m + n)]2 (m n)2]} = 0
x2 4mnx (m2 n2)2 = 0 is the required quadratic equation.

(9) Find the condition that the equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 and a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0
may have common root. Find the common root, when it exists.
Solution :
Let and be the roots of
ax2 + bx + c = 0
b c
+= and =
a a
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

One root of both the equations is equal, let = 1

b c
+= (i) and = (ii)
a a
Let 1 and 1 be the roots of a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0
b1 c
1 + 1 = and 11 = 1
a1 a1
b1
+ 1 = (iii)
a1
c
1 = 1 (iv)
a1

Subtracting equation (iii) from (i)

b b
( + ) ( + 1) = + 1
a a1

b b1
1 = + (v)
a a1

Dividing equation (ii) by (iv)

c
a
=
1 c1
a1

ca1
=
1 c1a

c1a
1 = (vi)
ca1

Substitute equation (vi) in (v)

c1a b b1
= +
1 ca1 a a1

ca ba1 + b1a
1 1 =
ca1 aa1

ca c a b a ba1
1 1 = 1
ca1 aa1
Question Bank - 12 - studiesmadesimple TM

ca1 b1a ba1

=
ca1 c1a aa1

c ab1 a1b
= (vii)
a a1c ac1
Substituting equation (vii) in (i)
c ab1 a1b b
+ =
a a1c ac1 a

b c ab1 a1b
=
a a a1c ac1

b(a1c ac1) c (ab1 a1b )

=
a (a1c ac1)
ba1c + bac1 acb1 + a1bc
=
a(a1c ac1)
bac1 ab1c
=
a (a1c ac1)
a (bc1 cb1)
=
a (a1c ac1)
(bc1 cb1)
=
(a1c ac1)
Now, substituting equation (vii) in (ii)
c ab1 a1b c
=
a a1c ac1 a

c a a1c ac1
=
a c ab1 a1b

a c ac1
= 1
ab1 a1b
(bc1 cb1) a c ac1
or 1 is the common root.
(a1c ac1) ab1 a1b
The condition is :
a1c ac1 or ab1 a1b
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

(10) Find the value of p, if the equations 3x2 2x + p = 0 and 6x2 17x + 12 = 0
have a common root.
Solution :
We know,
6x2 17x + 12 = 0
6x2 9x 8x + 12 = 0
3x(2x 3) 4(2x 3) = 0
(3x 4) (2x 3) = 0
3x 4 = 0 or 2x 3 = 0
3x = 4 or 2x = 3
4 3
x = or x =
3 2
4 4
Consider, x = is a common root. x = satisfies the second equation.
3 3
4
Putting x = in eqn. 3x2 2x + p = 0
3
2
4 4
3 2 +p = 0

3 3
16 8
3 +p = 0
3 3 3
16 8
+p = 0
3 3
8
+p = 0
3
8
p =
3
3 3
Consider, x = is a common root. x = satisfies the second equation.
2 2
3
Putting x = in eqn. 3x2 2x + p = 0
2
2
3 3
3 2 +p = 0
2 2
9 6
3 +p = 0
4 2
Question Bank - 14 - studiesmadesimple TM

27
3+p = 0
4
27 12
+p = 0
4
15
+p = 0
4
15
p =
4
8 15
p= or p =
3 4
(11) If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to
the sum of the squares of their reciprocals. Show that bc2, ca2, ab2 are in A.P.
Solution :
We have to show that bc2, ca2, ab2 are in A.P.
i.e. to show that ca2 - bc2 = ab2 ca2
i.e. to show that ca2 + ca2 = ab2 + bc2
i.e. to show that 2ca2 = ab2 + bc2
For ax2 + bx + c = 0,
1 1
+ = + (Given)
2
2

2 + 2
+ =
22

( + )2 2
+ = ... (i) [ 2 + 2 = ( + )2 2 ]
2
()
We know,
b c
+= and =
a a
2
b c
a 2
b
= a
a 2
c
a

Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

b2 2c

b 2 a
= a
a c2
a2

b2 2ac

b
= a2
a c2
a2

b b 2 2ac
=
a c2
bc2 = a(b2 2ac)
bc2 = ab2 2a2c
2a2c = c2b + b2a
bc2, ca2, ab2 are in A.P.

(12) Solve the following simultaneous equations:

ax + by = (a b); bx = ay + a + b
where a and b are constants, where both are not zero.
Solution :
ax + by = (a b) (i)
bx = ay + a + b
bx ay = (a + b) (ii)
where a and b are constant.
Here
a b
D =
b a

D = a2 b2
a b b
Dx =
a + b a
= a(a b) b(a + b)
= a2 + ab ab b2
Dx = a2 b2
Question Bank - 16 - studiesmadesimple TM

a a b
Dy =
b a +b
= a(a + b) b(a b)
= a2 + ab ab + b2
Dy = a2 + b2
By Cramers Rule,
Dx Dy
x = and y=
D D

(a2 b2 )
x = x=1
(a2 b2 )

a2 + b2 (a2 + b 2 )
y = =
a2 b2 (a2 + b2 )
y = 1
x = 1 and y = 1 is the solution of given equations.

(13) Solve the following simultaneous equations:

m(x + y) + n(x y)(m2 + mn + n2) = 0
n(x + y) + m(x y)(m2 mn + n2) = 0
Here, m and n are constants.
Solution :
m(x + y) + n(x y)(m2 + mn + n2) = 0
m(x + y) + n(x y) = m2 + mn + n2
mx + my + nx ny = m2 + mn + n2
mx + nx + my ny = m2 + mn + n2
x(m + n) + y(m n) = m2 + mn + n2 (i)
n(x + y) + m(x y) (m mn + n ) = 0
2 2

n(x + y) + m(x y) = m2 mn + n2
nx + ny + mx my = m2 mn + n2
mx + nx my + ny = m2 mn + n2
x(m + n) y(m n) = m2 mn + n2 (ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii),
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

x(m + n) + y(m n) = m2 + mn + n2
+ x(m + n) y(m n) = m2 mn + n2

2x(m + n) = 2m2 + 2n2

2m2 + 2n2 2(m2 + n2 ) (m2 + n2 )

x= = =
2(m + n) 2(m + n) (m + n)
Subtracting eqn (i) and (ii),
x(m + n) + y(m n) = m2 + mn + n2
x(m + n) y(m n) = m2 mn + n2

2y (m n) = 2mn
2mn mn
y= =
2(m n) m n

m2 + n2 mn
x= and y =
m +n m n

(14) The fore wheel of a carriage makes 6 revolutions more than the rear wheel in
going 120 m. If the diameter of the fore wheel be increased 1/4 its present
diameter and the diameter of the rear wheel be increased by one-fifth of its
present diameter, then the fore wheel makes 4 revolutions more than the rear
wheel in going the same distance. Find the circumference of each wheel of the
carriage.
Solution :
Let the diameters of the fore wheel and rear wheel x m and y m respectively.
Circumference of fore wheel = x m (i)
and
Circumference of rear wheel = y m (ii)
Now, For a wheel,
Distance = circumference no. of revolutions
For a fore wheel,
120 = x No. of revolutions by a fore wheel
120
No. of revolutions by a fore wheel =
x
For a rear wheel
120 = y No. of revolutions by a rear wheel
Question Bank - 18 - studiesmadesimple TM

120
No. of revolutions by a rear wheel =
y

As per 1st condition,

120 120
= +6
x y
120 120
=6 (iii)
x y
1
Now, Diameter of fore wheel is increased its present diameter.
4
x 5x
Now Diameter of fore wheel = x + = m
4 4
5x
New circumference of a fore wheel = m
4
1
Diameter of rear wheel is increased times its present diameter.
5
y 6y
New diameter of rear wheel = y + = m
5 5
6y
New circumference of a rear wheel = m
5
Now, for fore wheel
5x
120 = No. of revolutions by a fore wheel
4
4 96
No. of revolutions by a fore wheel = 120 =
5x x
For a rear wheel
6y
120 = No. of revolution by a rear wheel
5
5 100
No. of revolutions by a rear wheel = 120 =
6y y
As per 2nd condition,
96 100
= +4
x y
96 100
=4 ... (iv)
x y
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

1 1
Substituting = a and = b in equations (iii) and (iv),
x y
120a 120b = 6 (v)
96a 100b = 4 (vi)
Multiplying equation (v) by 10 and equation (vi) by 12,
1200a 1200b = 60 (vii)
1152a 1200b = 48 (viii)
Subtracting equation (viii) from (vii)
1200a 1200b = 60
1152a 1200b = 48
+
48a = 12
12
a=
48
1
a=
4
1
Substituting a = in equation (v)
4
1
120 120b = 6
4
30 120b = 6
120b = 24
24
b =
120
1
b =
5
1 1
a= and b =
x y
We get,
1 1 1 1
= and =
x 4 y 5
x = 4 and y = 5
Circumference of fore wheel = 4m and Circumference of rear wheel = 5m.
Question Bank - 20 - studiesmadesimple TM

(15) Draw the graphs representing the equations 2x = y + 2 and 4x + 3y = 24 on

the same graph papers. Find the area of the triangle formed by these lines and
the Xaxis.
Solution :
2x = y + 2 4x + 3y = 24
x 1 2 3 x 0 3 6
y 0 2 4 y 8 4 0
(x, y) (1, 0) (2, 2) (3, 4) (x, y) (0, 8) (3, 4) (6, 0)
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

1 1 1
Area of ABC = base height = BC AD = 5 4
2 2 2
= 10 sq. units
Area of triangle is 10 sq. units
Question Bank - 22 - studiesmadesimple TM

(16) When the son will be as old as his father today, the sum of their ages then
will be 126. When the father was as old as his son is today, the sum of their
ages then was 38. Find their present ages.
Solution :
Let the present age of son be x years and the difference between the ages of son
and father be y years.
Present age of father = (x + y) years
Now,
After y years,
Age of son = (x + y) years
Age of father = x + y + y = (x + 2y) years
As per 1st condition,
x + y + x + 2y = 126
2x + 3y = 126 (i)
And y years ago,
Age of son = (x y) years
Age of father = x years
As per 2nd Condition,
x y + x = 38
2x y = 38 (ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i)
2x + 3y = 126
2x y = 38
+
4y = 88
88
y =
4
y = 22
Substituting y = 22 in eqn (ii),
2x 22= 38
2x = 38 + 22
2x = 60
x = 30 and x + y = 30 + 22 = 52
Present age of Son is 30 years and present age of father is 52 years.
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

(17) Find the probability of a four turning up at least once in two tosses of a fair
die.
Solution :
Let S be the sample space
S = { (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6), (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6) }
n(S) = 36
Let A be the event of a four turning up at least once.
A = { (1,4), (2,4), (3,4), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 4), (6, 4) }
n(A) = 11
n(A) 11
P(A) = =
n(S) 36
The probability of a four turning up at least once in two tosses of a fair die is
11
.
36

(18) What is the probability that an ordinary year has 53 Sundays ?

Solution :
In an ordinary year,
1 year = 365 days
1 week = 7 days
365
1 year = = 52 weeks + 1 day = 52 Sundays + 1 day
7
Let S be the sample space of this 1 day be S.
S = {Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat}
n(S) = 7
Let A be the event that this 1 day is a Sunday.
A = {Sun}
n(A) = 1
n(A) 1
P(A) = =
n(S) 7
1
The probability that an ordinary year has 53 Sundays is .
7
Question Bank - 24 - studiesmadesimple TM

(19) What is the probability that a leap year has 53 Sundays?

Solution :
1 leap year = 366 days
1 week = 7 days
366
1 leap year = = 52 weeks + 2 days = 52 Sundays + 2 days
7
Let S be the sample space of these 2 days
S = {(Sun, Mon), (Mon, Tue), (Tue, Wed), (Wed, Thu), (Thu, Fri), (Fri, Sat), (Sat, Sun)}
n(S) = 7
Let A be the event that 1 day from it is a Sunday.
A = {(Sun, Mon), (Sat, Sun)}
n(A) = 2
n(A) 2
P(A) = =
n(S) 7
2
The probability that a leap year has 53 Sundays is .
7

(20) Three horses A, B and C are in a race. A is twice as likely to win as B and B is
twice as likely to win as C. What are their probabilities of winning ?
Solution :
Let the probability of winning horse A, B, C be P(A), P(B) and P(C).
P(A) = 2P(B)
P(B) = 2P(C)
P(A) = 2 2 P(C) = 4P(C)
Since Horses A, B and C cannot win together,
A, B and C are mutually exclusive events.
P(A) + P(B) + P(C) = 1
4P(C) + 2P(C) + P(C) = 1
7P(C) = 1
1
P(C) =
7
4
P(A) = 4P(C) =
7
2
P(B) = 2P(C) =
7
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

4 2 1
P(A) = , P(B) = and P(C) =
7 7 7
(21) Savita and Hamida are friends, what is the probability that both will have
(i) different birthdays ?
(ii) the same birthday (ignoring a leap year) ?
Solution :
Since there are 365 days in a year and there are two birthdays of Savita and
Hamida.
The number of outcomes for the sample space for their birthdays = 365 365
n(S) = 365 365
(i) Let A be the event that Savita and Hamida have different birthdays.
If they have the same birthday, then there is only one outcome.
But if they have different birthdays, number of outcomes in this event
= (365 1) 365 = 364 365
n(A) = 364 365
n(A) 364
P(A) = = =
n(S) 365

(ii) Let B be the event that their birthdays are on the same day. Hence A and B are
complementary events.
364 1
P(B) = 1 P(A) = 1 =
365 365
364
Probability that both will have different birthdays is and Probability that
365
1
both will have same birthday is .
365

(22) Each coefficient in the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is obtained by throwing a fair

die. Find the probability that the equations have real roots.
Solution :
ax2 + bx + c = 0 is the quadratic equation.
Its roots will be real if b2 4ac 0 or b2 4ac.
Let S be the event of tossing a die thrice to get the value of a, b and c.
S = {(1,1,1) (1,1,2), (1,1,3) (6,6,6)}
For a = 1, there will be 36 outcomes for values of b and c.
Question Bank - 26 - studiesmadesimple TM

Hence total number of outcomes n(S) = 6 36 = 216

Let A be the event that the values of a, b and c give real roots.
A = { (1, 2, 1), (1, 3, 1), (1, 3, 2), (2, 3, 1), (1, 4, 1), (1, 4, 2), (2, 4, 1), (2, 4, 2),
(3, 4, 1), (1, 4, 3), (1, 4, 4), (4, 4, 1), (1, 5, 1), (1, 5, 2), (2, 5, 1), (2, 5, 2),
(3, 5, 1), (1, 5, 3), (1, 5, 4), (4, 5, 1), (1, 5, 5), (5, 5, 1), (2, 5, 3), (3, 5, 2),
(1, 5, 6), (6, 5, 1), (1, 6, 1), (1, 6, 2), (2, 6, 1), (2, 6, 2), (3, 6, 1), (1, 6, 3),
(1, 6, 4), (4, 6, 1), (1, 6, 5), (5, 6, 1), (2, 6, 3), (3, 6, 2), (1, 6, 6), (6, 6, 1),
(2, 6, 4), (4, 6, 2), (3, 6, 3) }
n(A) = 43
The probability that the quadratic equation has real roots is :
n(A) 43
P(A) = =
n(S) 216

(23) Among the group of students 10% scored marks below 20, 20% scored marks
between 20 and 40, 35% scored marks between 40 and 60, 20% scored marks
between 60 and 80. The remaining 30 students scored marks between 80 and
100.
(i) Prepare frequency distribution from the above information.
(ii) Draw histogram.
Solution :
Class marks Frequency No. of students %
020 10
2040 20
4060 35
6080 20
80100 x
Total 100

From the given data,

10 + 20 + 35 + 20 + x = 100
85 + x = 100
x = 15%
Percentage of students scored 80 100 marks is 15.
students scored 80-100
Percentage of students scored 80 100 =
total no. of students
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

30
15 = 100
total no. of students
Total no. of students = 200
Class marks No. of students (frequency)
10
020 200 = 20
100
20
2040 200 = 40
100
35
4060 200 = 70
100
20
6080 200 = 40
100
80100 30
Total 200
Question Bank - 28 - studiesmadesimple TM

(24) Following is the frequency distribution of marks.

Marks 020 20-40 4060 6080 80100 Total

No. of students 2 a 56 b 2 1000

If a and b are equal, find their values. Draw histogram and frequency
polygon.
Solution :
From the given data,
2 + a + 56 + b + 2 = 100
60 + a + b = 100
60 + a + a = 100 ( a = b)
60 + 2a = 100
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

2a = 100 60
2a = 40
40
a =
2
a = 20
The revised frequency distribution table is :

Marks 020 20-40 4060 6080 80100 Total

No. of students 2 20 56 20 2 1000

(25) Following is the frequency distribution with unknown frequencies.

Class 2030 3040 4050 5060 Total

Frequency a 2a 3a a 70

Find the value of a, hence find the frequencies. Draw a histogram.

Solution :
From the given data,
a + 2a + 3a + a = 70
7a = 70
a = 10

Class Frequency
Question Bank - 30 - studiesmadesimple TM

2030 10
3040 20
4050 30
5060 10

(26) Sharad bought a table and fan together for ` 5000. After some time he sold
the table at a gain of 25% and the fan at a gain of 20%. Thus he gained 23% on
the whole. Find the cost of the fan.
Solution :
Let the cost of a table be ` x and cost of a fan be ` y.
As per the first condition,
Total cost is ` 5000
x + y = 5000 (i)
Profit earned on selling the table = 25 %
25x
Profit earned on selling the table = `
100
Profit earned on selling the fan = 20 %
20y
Profit earned on selling the fan = `
100
23
Total profit = 23% of 5000 = 5000
100
Total profit earned = ` 1150
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

25x 20y
+ = 1150
100 100
Multiplying by 100 on both sides,
25x + 20y = 115000 (ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 25.
25x + 25y = 125000 (iii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (iii)
25x + 25y = 125000
25x + 20y = 115000

5y = 10000
y = 2000
Cost of a fan is ` 2000.

(27) Information from 120 college students was collected with a view to know
which vehicle they use to go to college. The data was as follows. Present the
information by pie diagram.
Vehicle No. of Students
Bus 21
Cycle 64
Moped 23
Scooter 9
Car 3

Solution :
No. of Measures of
Vehicle
Students central angles
21
Bus 21 360 = 63
120
64
Cycle 64 360 = 192
120
23
Moped 23 360 = 69
120
9
Scooter 9 360 = 27
120
Question Bank - 32 - studiesmadesimple TM

3
Car 3 360 = 9
120
Total 120 3600

(28) Solve 216x6 793x3 + 216 = 0.

Solution :
216x6 793x3 + 216 =0
216(x3)2 793x3 + 216 =0
Substituting x3 = a
216a2 793a + 216 = 0
216a2 729a 64a + 216 = 0
27a(8a 27) 8(8a 27) = 0
(27a 8) (8a 27) = 0
27a 8 = 0 or 8a 27 = 0
8 27
a= or a =
27 8
Resubstituting a = x3
8 27
x3 = or x3 =
27 8
Taking cube root on both sides
2 3
x= or x=
3 2

(29) A man travels by boat 36 km down a river and back in 8 hours. If the speed of
his boat in still water is 12 km per hour, find the speed of the river current.
Solution :
Let the speed of the river current be x km per hour.
Speed of boat in still water = 12 km/hr.
Speed of water downstream = (12 + x) km/hr and
Speed of water upstream = (12 x) km/hr
Distance
We know, Time =
Speed
36
Time taken to travel downstream = (i)
12 + x
36
Time taken to travel upstream = (ii)
12 x
Total time taken to travel upstream and downstream is 8 hours.
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

36 36
+ =8
12 + x 12 x
36(12 x ) + 36(12 + x )
=8
(12 + x )(12 x )

432 36x + 432 + 36x = 8(122 x2)

432 36x + 432 + 36x = 8(122 x2)
864 = 8(144 x2)
8x2 + 864 1152 = 0
8x2 288 = 0
8x2 = 288
288
x2 =
8
x2 = 36
x = 6 km/hr
Speed of river current cannot be negative.
Speed of river current is 6 km/hr.

3
(30) The weight of a bucket is 15 kg., when it is filled with water upto capacity
5
4
and the weight is 19 kg, if is filled with water up to of its capacity. Find the
5
total weight of the bucket if it is completely filled with water.
Solution :
Let the weight of the empty bucket be x kg and the weight of water filled to full
capacity of bucket be y kg.

As per first condition,

3
x + y = 15
5
Multiplying by 5 on both sides,
5x + 3y = 75 (i) As per second condition,
4
x + y = 19
5
Multiplying by 5 on both sides,
5x + 4y = 95 (ii) Subtracting eqn (i) from (ii),
5x + 4y = 95
Question Bank - 34 - studiesmadesimple TM

5x + 3y = 75

y = 20
Substituting y = 20 in eqn (i)
5x + 3(20) = 75
5x + 60 = 75
5x = 75 60
5x = 15
x =3
Weight of empty bucket is 3 kg and weight of water filled to its total capacity
is 20 kg.
Total weight is 23 kg.

(31) A person deposits ` x in a savings bank account at the rate at 5% per annum
and ` y in fixed deposit at 10% per annum. At the end of first year he gets
` 400 total interest. If he deposits ` y in savings bank account and ` x in fixed
deposit he would get ` 350 as total interest. Find the total amount he deposited.
Solution :
PrincipalxRate xNumber of years
Interest =
100
Let the amount deposited in savings bank account at 5% per annum for one year be
` x.
5x
Interest earned on ` x = 5 % = `
100
Let the amount deposited in fixed deposits account at 10% per annum for one year
be ` y.
10y
Interest earned on ` y = 10 % = `
100

As per first condition,

5x 10y
+ = 400
100 100
Multiplying by 100 on both sides,
5x + 10y = 40000 (i) As per second condition,
10x 5y
+ = 350
100 100
Multiplying by 100 on both sides,
10x + 5y = 35000 (ii) Adding equation (i) and (ii)
5x + 10y = 40000
Question Bank studiesmadesimple TM

+ 10x + 5y = 35000
15x +15y = 35000
Dividing by 15,
x + y = 5000
Total amount deposited, x + y is ` 5000.
(32) A businessman bought some items for ` 600, keeping 10 items for himself he
sold the remaining items at a profit of ` 5 per item. From the amount received
in this deal he could buy 15 more items. Find the original price of each item.
Solution :
Let the original price of each item be ` x.
Total price is ` 600.
Total price
Number of items bought =
Cost of one item
600
= (i)
x
600
He kept 10 items for himself and sold 10 items at a profit of ` 5.
x
Selling price is ` (x + 5).
600
He can buy 15 more items from the amount received on selling + 15 .
x
600 600
x 10 (x + 5) = x + 15 (x )

600 600 + 15x
x 10 (x + 5) = (x)
x
Multiplying by x on both sides,

(600 10x) (x + 5) = (600 + 15x) x

600x + 3000 10x2 50x = 600x + 15x2
25x2 + 50x 3000 = 0
Dividing by 25 on both sides,
x2 + 2x 120 = 0
(x + 12) (x 10) = 0
x + 12 = 0 or x 10 = 0
x = 12 or x = 10
Question Bank - 36 - studiesmadesimple TM

Cost of an item is never negative.

Original cost of an item is ` 10.

(33) A missing helicopter is reported to have

crashed somewhere in the rectangular
region shown in the adjacent figure,
what is the probability that it crashed
inside the lake shown in the figure?
Solution :
Area of rectangular region
= 9 x 4.5 = 40.5 sq. km
n(S) = 40.5
Length of the lake = 9 6 = 3 km
Breadth of the lake = 4.5 2 = 2.5 km
Area of the lake = 3 2.5 = 7.5 sq. km.
Let A be the event that the helicopter crashes in the lake.
n(A) = 7.5
n(A) 7.5 5
n(S) = 40.5 = 27
P(A) =

The probability that helicopter crashed inside the lake is 5 .

27