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Tiongco, Princess Hergrace I.

July 19, 2017


ECE 412, W 1-4, 4ECE-A
Assignment:

Electromagnetic Spectrum and its applications


I. Radio - these are the electromagnetic waves with the lowest frequencies, the
longest wavelengths, and the smallest levels of photon energy.

Broadcast Radio - Amplitude modulation varies the instantaneous amplitude


of the radio wave, a function of the radio station's power, as a means of
transmitting information. By the end of World War I, radio had emerged as a
popular mode of communication: for the first time in history, entire nations
could hear the same sounds at the same time.

II. Microwave - they are just radio signals of a very short wavelength.

Microwave Communication - FM signals are actually carried on microwaves,


and, as with FM in particular, microwave signals in general are very clear and
very strong, but do not extend over a great geographical area. Microwaves
have a very narrow, focused beam: thus, the signal is amplified considerably
when an antenna receives it. This phenomenon, known as "high antenna
gain," means that microwave transmitters need not be highly powerful to
produce a strong signal. To further the reach of microwave broadcasts,
transmitters are often placed atop mountain peaks, hilltops, or tall buildings.

III. Infrared - Though we cannot see infrared light, we feel it as heat.

Infrared Photography - Military forces, for instance, may use infrared to


detect the presence of enemy troops. Medicine makes use of infrared
photography for detecting tumors, and astronomers use infrared to detect
stars too dim to be seen using ordinary visible light.
IV. Ultraviolet - Very little of the Sun's ultraviolet light penetrates Earth's atmosphere
a fortunate thing, since ultraviolet (UV) radiation can be very harmful to human skin.
A suntan, as a matter of fact, is actually the skin's defense against these harmful UV
rays. Due to the fact that Earth is largely opaque, or resistant, to ultraviolet light, the
most significant technological applications of UV radiation are found in outer space.

Ultraviolet Astronomy - is used to study the winds created by hot stars, as


well as stars still in the process of forming, and even stars that are dying. It is
also useful for analyzing the densely packed, highly active sectors near the
centers of galaxies, where both energy and temperatures are extremely high.
V. X-rays - Due to their very short wavelengths, x rays can pass through substances of
low density.

Medical Imaging - Medical x-ray machines are typically referred to either as


"hard" or "soft." Soft x rays are the ones with which most people are more
familiar. Operating at a relatively low frequency, these are used to
photograph bones and internal organs, and provided the patient does not
receive prolonged exposure to the rays, they cause little damage. Hard x rays,
on the other hand, are designed precisely to cause damagenot to the
patient, but to cancer cells. Because they use high voltage and high-
frequency rays, hard x rays can be quite dangerous to the patient as well.

VI. Gamma Rays - At the furthest known reaches of the electromagnetic spectrum are
gamma rays, ultra high-frequency, high-energy, and short-wavelength forms of
radiation. Human understanding of gamma rays, including the awesome powers they
contain, is still in its infancy.

Medical - Gamma rays are ionizing radiation which can kill living cells. They
are used to treat malignant tumors in radiotherapy. For treatment deep
within the body, high energy photons are sent to reach the target tumor
without affecting the surrounding tissue. Though x-rays are also ionizing
radiation, because of the lower energy compared to gamma rays, they may
fail to reach sufficiently deep into the body and may cause instead damage to
the surrounding tissues that absorbed them.

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