Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PROPOSAL SKRIPSI
Diajukan Oleh:
MAYANK ARYANTI
1042013060
Program Studi
Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
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A. Background of study
All people must agree that language is the most important thing for human
life. The language is connecting people to the society, even the world. Without the
language, the knowledge and the information have never been known by the
called as language. The brain is the most important think to speak. When we study
about the language, we have to know how to create the structure of the language.
language in literatures has its own uniqueness. Language in literature are the result
Jones defined literature is simply another way we can experience the world
around us through our imagination. Literature in the broadest sense, includes all
magazine, and school textbooks. There are some materials of literature works such
as drama, novel, poetry, and short story. All there are works of imagination or the
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capacity for invention. One of the known everlasting of writing form and likely by
readers is Novel.
adults language are the different. The differences are in style, vocabulary,
grammar, and syntax. Children usually use short words to communicate with
people. They are not thinking logically to concrete object but understand
childrens language. They are able to tell long story, word processing according to
grammatical. In this case children used simple sentence. Meanwhile, adults used
long words that consist of main clause and subordinate clause (compound
and understand a text. They will be entertained when they read it. Besides to
entertain the readers, it is also to educate and give information to children. The
children are entertained if they are able to understand the text. The researcher
assumed if a short story or a novel especially for children, it will has simple
sentence. So, the children can get the message from the story.
and etc.1 The study of the rules governing the way words combined to form
1 Abdul Chaer. Kajian Bahasa: Structural Internal, Pemakaian, dan Pembelajaran. (Jakarta:
Rineka Cipta, 2007). p.15
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sentences in a language is called syntax. From the definition above, syntax is the
one of linguistic studies about structure language that can make word became
phrase, clause, and sentence. The aspects that is analyzed in this thesis is simple
sentences in Roald Dahls novel The BFG. To learn simple sentences, this analysis
is going to give simple understanding about them in the novel through Chomskys
theory.
representations: a deep stucture and a surface stucture. The deep structure is the
output of the base rules and the input to the semantic component, while surface
structure is what is in your mind or you write and say (Harley, 2014). In other
words, deep structure is a structure which is in the mind of the speaker and had a
written. In deep structure, the true meaning of what we want to say is kept on
peoples mind, for instance when someone wants to convey his/her idea to other
other people.
The BFG - or, to give him his full name, The Big Friendly Giant - is one of
Roald Dahl's best-loved characters. The BFG was written in 1982 by Roald Dahl.
The book is dedicated to Dahl's late daughter, Olivia, who died of measles
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encephalitis at the age of seven in 1962. These books established his legacy as a
delightful childrens author. The idea for The BFG, the tale of a giant who
captured dreams and gave the good ones to children, occurred to Dahl several
years beforehand.
1989, The BFG was adapted for a UK TV movie, with David Jason voicing the
Big Friendly Giant. A new film version of the story directed by Steven Spielberg
some syntactic structure from a novel. We can get much information about the
Giant ), as one of short story or literary works that is intented to be read by the
children. In the BFG, the researcher thought the most interesting theme is
Sophie and the BFG. In the BFG friends are important because they stand up for
each other, take care of each other and get to know each other.
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B. The Problem of the Study
Friendly Giant)?
2. What are the rules applied in Found analysing Simple Sentences found in
Based on the problem of the study, the purpose of the research are as
follow:
Friendly Giant) by Roald Dalhs. In order to limit this problems, the researcher
Grammar (TGG).
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E. The Significant Of The Analysis
The writter hopes that this thesis can be a guidance for teacher in teaching
Generative Grammar (TGG) used in analysing Simple Sentences. For Readers are
sentences in Roald Dalhs novel The BFG (Big Friendly Giant). and also it can
F. Theoritical Framework
1. Sentence
1) Definition of sentences
and ends with a full stop (.), question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!). A similar
that begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, with three dots, with a
is the term, sentence is a complete thought. And the second is by function. In this
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sentences is a full predication containing a subject plus a predicate with a finite
verb.3
2) Type of Sentences
a. Simple Sentence
structure is the same as that of a clause. In a simple sentence there is one main
command.
A simple sentence has one independent clause. It has a single subject and
predicate by describing only one thing, idea or question, and has only one verb,
and contains only an independent (main) clause.5 Any independent clause can
stand alone with a full meaning as a sentence. It has a subject and a verb with
which it expresses a complete thought. For example, The girl bought a story
book.
b. Compound Sentence.
3 Marcella Frank, Modern English; A Practical Reference Guide (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1972)
p. 220
4 M. Demirezen. From Sentence to Paragraph Structure. (Ankara: Adm Publications. 1998. P.1
5 H. Jackson, Analyzing English: An Introduction to Descriptive Linguistics. (Oxford: Pergamon
Press, 1982). P.92
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see the form of the structure it is : Independent clause + Sentence connector +
Independent clause. For example, The girl bought a story book and she read it.
c. Complex Sentence
more independent clause namely adjective clause, noun clause, and adverbial
than the other. The more important idea is placed in the independent or main
Dependent clause + independent Clause. For example, The girl who bought a
d. Compound-Complex Sentence
independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. For example, The girl
bought a story book and she read it when she arrived at home
6 Noam Chomsky, Aspects Of The Theory Of Syntax. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press,
1965).p.16
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Chomskys Transformational Grammar can be best summarized by adding,
deleting, moving, and substituting of words. These changes take place through
sentence by dividing constituents into sub component parts. There are three kinds
of IC analysis; they are Bracketing System, Tree Diagram, and Phrase Structure
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Grammar (PSR).7 These tree kinds of Immediate Constituents has been so far used
in transforming the deep structure of the sentences into the surface structure of the
sentences. Below are the figures of the pattern for Immediate Constituents:
Figure I
Bracketing System
Det N
Det Mod N V NP
NP VP
Sentence
Figure II
Tree Diagram
Sentence
Det Mod N V
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Figure III
PSR
a. S= Np + Vp
b. Np1 = Det1+ Mod + N1
c. Vp = V + Np2
d. Np2 = Det2 + N2
e. Det1 = The
f. Mod = Little
g. N1 = Girl
h. V = Buys
i. Det2 = A
j. N2 = pen
System can be described in terms of a bottom-up analysis of the sentence, that is,
an analysis which begins with the words of the sentence, rather than with the
starting symbol of the grammar. The process begins by matching the right-hand
sides of lexical rules such as A nice and N dogs to the words of the sentence.
This matching is represented by inserting brackets into the sentence that carry
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sentences are transformed from deep structure into surface tructure by generating
the process.
G. Research Method
1. Research Design
to get valid data that are suitable to all variable characteristic and the objectives of
research to study the problem. It is not only limited in colleting and explaining
data but also analyzing and interpreting data. Arikunto states descriptive research
factually. It means that in this analyze the researcher described the syntactic
Descriptive qualitative method describes the population and the evidence of the
formulating problem, collecting data, classifying data, and analyzing data. So, the
The aim of the research is to get data. The data is the important tools in the
research which are in the form of phenomenon in the field and number. From the
8 Ary, et. Al. Introduction for research in education. (USA: Wadsworth Group, 2010). p.426
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data, the researcher will know the result of the research. Collecting the data must
be relevant with the problem of research. The data in this research will be in the
form of descriptive qualitative data and use qualitative data procedure for the data
analysis. Ary et.al argued that in qualitative research, there are two sources that
1) Primary Source
Sugiyono (2008: 225) stated that primary source is source which can give
prominent data relate to problems of the research. For the primary source, the
researcher uses Novel from Roal Dahls as the result collecting data. In
qualitative research, the result of collecting data can be used as the strongest
2) Secondary Source
Secondary source is additional source to get the data. Given (2008: 803)
argued Secondary data source is preexisting source that have been collected for a
secondary source has function to collecting data for different purpose when
conducting research. Here, the secondary source which books that are relevant or
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1. The researcher reading the novel carefully in order to understand the
4. And the last, the researcher makes conclusion and writing report.
H. References
Publications.
Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English ,a practical Reference Guide .New Jersey:
Valin JR, Robert D. Van. 2001. An Introduction To Syntax. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
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