Written Homework 4 Solutions

Section 3.4
96. Write |x| = sqrtx2 and use the chain rule to show that
d x
|x| =
dx |x|

Solution: Follow the instructions:

d d p 2 1 1 x x
|x| = x = 2x = =
dx dx 2 x2 x2 |x|

If f (x) = | sin(x)|, find f 0 (x) and sketch the graphs of f and f 0 . Where is f not differentiable?
(a) Solution: Follow the same idea from last time.
d d p 1 1 sin(x) sin(x)
| sin(x)| = (sin(x))2 = p 2 sin(x) cos(x) = p cos(x) = cos(x)
dx dx 2 (sin(x)) 2 (sin(x)) 2 | sin(x)|

From here it is easy to see that the derivative does not exist whenever sin(x) = 0 or in other terms when
x = n where n is a whole number.
(b) If g(x) = sin |x|, find g0 (x) and sketch the graphs of g and g0 . Where is g not differentiable?
Solution: Again follow the same idea.
d d p p 1 1 p x x
sin |x| = sin( x2 ) = cos( x2 ) 2x = cos( x2 ) = cos |x|
dx dx 2 x2 x2 |x|
From here it is easy to see that the derivative does not exist if x = 0.
Homework 4 Solutions

Section 3.6
2 x
42. Differentiate y = x ex (x + 1)2/3 using lograrithmic differentiation.

Solution: First take the logarithm of both sides of the equation.

2 1 2
ln(y) = ln( x e x x (x + 1)2/3 ) = ln(x) + (x2 x) + ln(x + 1)
2 3
Now use implicit differentiation
1 0 1 1 2 1
y = + 2x 1 +
y 2 x 3 x+1
!
1 1 2 1
y = y + 2x 1 +
0
2 x 3 x+1
Finally substitute y back and you finish.
!
x2 x 1 1 2 1
y =( xe
0
(x + 1) 2/3
) + 2x 1 +
2 x 3 x+1

52. Find y0 if xy = y x .

Solution: To solve use logarithmic differentiation. First take the logarithm of both sides.

xy = y x

ln(xy ) = ln(y x )
y ln(x) = x ln(y)
Now differentiate. Dont forget to use Product Rule!
y x
y0 ln(x) + = ln(y) + y0
x y

Solving for y0
y
!
x
y ln(x)
0
= ln(y)
y x
y
ln(y)
y =
0 x
x
ln(x) y

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Homework 4 Solutions

Problem A
Let f (x) be defined on the open interval (0, 1). Suppose f is differentiable and satisfies f 0 (x) > 0 for all x in (0, 1).
Does f have a (well-defined) inverse function? If yes, explain why. If no, give a counterexample.

Solution: Yes, f has a well-defined inverse. A function will have an inverse if and only if it is one-to-one. The
condition that f 0 (x) > 0 means that f (x) is increasing. This is true for all x in the domain. Hence, given x1 , x2 in
the domain, if x1 < x2 then f (x1 ) < f (x2 ). Given any two distinct values x1 , x2 in the domain (x1 , x2 ), either
x1 < x2 or x2 < x1 . In the first case f (x1 ) < f (x2 ) and in the second case f (x2 ) < f (x1 ). Either way f (x1 ) , f (x2 ).
This shows that f (x) is one-to-one. Thus f 1 is well-defined.

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