3.

Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous

(has/have + V3) (has/have + been + Ving)
Use: Use:
1. Finished actions and achievements 1. Unfinished actions
Ive read his new book. (Ive finished, I know what the book is about.) Repeated or continuous activity which started in the past and hasnt
Ive prepared for the test. (Im ready to take the test.) finished
Ive been reading his new book. (Im still reading, I havent finished it.)
Ive been preparing for the test. (I dont know if Im ready for the test
yet.)
2. Focus on intended results of activities, especially when we give a number or 2. Focus on the activity itself, especially when we want to explain the activity
quantity. that has led to visible consequences.
Shes done the washing up. (The focus is on the result -- the dishes are Past activities which have some consequences or side effects in the
clean.) present.
Shes been doing the washing up. (The focus is on the activity and
consequences -- thats why theres water on the floor.)
Hints: Hints:
Usually this tense uses times (frequency). Usually this tense uses for, since (duration).
I have explored Bali several times. I have been living here for ten years.
Usually this tense is used when the sentence is negative (or followed by yet). They have been staying with me since 1998.
They have not visited my house (yet).

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Exception:
If the main verb is be, both in Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous, it becomes has/have been.
I have been to Paris three times. (I am not in Paris right now.)
I have been here since 2000. (I am still here right now.)