REPORT ON

NETWORKING

Under the Guidance of: Submitted By:

Mr. Harshal Manvatkar
Asst. Executive Engineer (Electronics)
GEOPIC, ONGC Limited
Dehradun
Mayank Sah
B.tech (Electronics & Communication Engg.)
4th Year, Batch 2014-2018
Graphic Era Hill University
Dehradun

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 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify Mr. Mayank Sah, Electronics & Communication
Engineer, 3rd Year Student of Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun
Has undergone one month summer training from 20th June 2017 20th July 2017 at
GEOPIC ONGC (DEHRADUN) under the supervision of
Mr. Harshal Manvatkar, Asst. Executive Engineer (Electronics), GEOPIC,
ONGC Limited, Dehradun. The work which is being entitled
NETWORKING is for the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of
certificate for summer training submitted to the department of Computer Services
(Hardware), GEODATA PROCESSING CENTER (GEOPIC), ONGC
DEHRADUN.

His project was NETWORKING. He has completed and submitted a satisfactory report.

PROJECT GUIDE

(Harshal Manvatkar)
Asst. Executive Engineer (Electronics)
GEOPIC, ONGC Limited
Dehradun
DATED:

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 ACKNOWLEGMENT
With the culmination of the proposed work and compilation in the form, I have an opportunity to
extend my gratitude to MR. DHIRAJ BHAUMIK, GM (E&T) HEAD, GEOPIC, ONGC
DEHRADUN for granting me the opportunity to do this project.
I would like to thank my supervisor Mr. HARSHAL MANVATKAR, A.E.E (Electronics),
GEOPIC, ONGC Dehradun for his valuable guidance through the project work. In spite of his
busy schedule, he extended full cooperation with keen interest for stimulating discussion and
concrete suggestions.
I would also like to accord my sincere thanks to ONGC members, especially at GEOPIC, for
being cooperative and encouraging throughout the work.
My sincere thanks to all those who were directly or indirectly helped me in this work.

MAYANK SAH
B.TECH (Electronics & Communication Engg.)
4th Year, Batch 2014-2018
Graphic Era Hill University
Dehradun

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 CONTENTS
Page No.

1. Networking Basics 1

2. The OSI model 3

2.1 Layers in the OSI model

2.2 TCP/IP

3. Network Topology 9

3.1 Types of topology 9

(i) RING
(ii)MESH
(iii)STAR
(iv)TREE
(v)BUS

3.2 Categories of Network 12

(i) Local Area Network

(ii) Wide Area Network

3.3 VLAN 16

4. TRANSMISSION MEDIA 24

4.1 CLASSES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA 24

(i) GUIDED MEDIA

(a) Twisted Pair

(b) Coaxial Cable

(c) FIBER-Optic Cable

(ii) UNGUIDED MEDIA: WIRELESS

5. MULTIPLEXING 31

5.1 TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING 33

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 (i)TIME-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (TDM)

(ii)FREQUENCY-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (FDM)

6. NETWORK SECURITY 36

(i) TYPES OF ATTACKS 36

(a) Spoofing

(b) Cyber Attacks

7. FIREWALL 38

7.1 TYPES OF FIREWALL 39

(i) Network Layer or Packet Filters

(ii) Application-Layer Firewall

(iii) Proxy Firewall

8. BLUETOOTH 40

9. WI-FI 42

10. BLUETOOTH VS WI-FI 44

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