Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ASSIGNMENT 2
Submitted by
Rubeena
MAR11005
Advanced
Structural System
Content
Space frame
Lamella roof
Lamella dome
Features
Advantages
Wooden lamella dome
Steel lamella dome
Astrodome
SPACE FRAMES
Ref: http://www.thecivilbuilders.com/2013/01/space-frames-structural-types.html
SPACE FRAMES
in which the members may run in two, three or four principal directions.
Double-layer lattice grids: the top and bottom grids are identical, with the
top layer positioned directly over the bottom layer.
Ref: http://www.thecivilbuilders.com/2013/01/space-frames-structural-types.html
Fig 2. double layer grids
Ref: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/spaceframe-170214063940/95/space-frame-22-
638.jpg?cb=1487055188
SPACE FRAMES
Structural performance.
Single-layer grids :
exural moments, - 15 m
span
double- and triple-layer
grids : axial tensile or
compressive forces 100
m span and economical
Ref: http://www.thecivilbuilders.com/2013/01/space-frames-structural-types.html
SPACE FRAMES
Single-layer vaults : spans of up to 40m,
Double-layer barrel vaults: clear spans in
excess of 120m.
Ref: http://www.thecivilbuilders.com/2013/01/space-frames-structural-types.html
LAMELLA ROOF
A lamella roof, also known as the "Zollinger roof" , is a vaulted roof made up
of simple, single prefabricated standard segments as a way to span large
spaces.
Lamella dome is made of intersecting arches hinged together at their
midpoints to form an interlocking network in a diamond pattern
The individual pieces are joined together with bolts and/or plates to form a
rhomboid pattern.
The lamella roof was patented in 1910 and became popular between the
World Wars, especially in Germany when metal for construction was in
short supply.
Some of these structures are now almost 100 years old and many of them
remain in very good condition. Sometimes very similar roofs were built with
steel
In the 1950s, this concept was adapted to the construction of large dome
structures by architect Gustel Kiewitt in the U.S.
Ref: http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Lamella_Roof
LAMELLA ROOF
These roofs are inexpensive,
very easy to build and elegant.
Ref: http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Lamella_Roof
LAMELLA DOME
They are generated with concentric rings,
where each subsequent ring is rotated by a
half module.
This reduces the length of the ring tubes as the
geometry proceeds towards the apex.
The separation between rings in Lamella domes can be varied so they are
equilateral triangles forming each ring.
Because the tubes of each ring are equal, the manufacturing time is fast and
assembly is easy. Domes such as the Cancun Hyatt and the Mustafa Centre use
Lamella geometry.
Only few of the ribs running from the rim to the crown of the dome as
meridional spherical sector dividers.
All other ribs running as intra- sector parallel lines, curvilinear or straight thus
forming a diamond grid
Ref: http://www.geometrica.com/en/domes
ADVANTAGES OF LAMELLA DOME
Eliminating the crowding effect of meridional ribs at the crown of the dome
Ref: http://www.geometrica.com/en/domes
FEATURES
Analysis methods
model testing techniques,
(accurate
pierced membrane analogies
space truss solutions.
The largest lamella dome to date is
approximately 240 ft. in diameter.
Ref: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/gsapp/BT/DOMES/HOUSTON/h-lamel.html
DOMES
Ref: http://www.thecivilbuilders.com/2013/01/space-
frames-structural-types.html
WOODEN LAMELLA DOMES
Fig 9. Gymnasium, St. Joseph, Missouri. Fig 10. Church, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.
Ref: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/gsapp/BT/DOMES/HOUSTON/h-lamel.html
STEEL LAMELLA DOMES
Fig 11. Sports stadium, Houston, Texas. Special cranes with boom length up to 275 ft.
were used to lift units up to the 210 ft clear
center height.
Ref: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/gsapp/BT/DOMES/HOUSTON/h-lamel.html
EXAMPLES
1. Astrodome
2. Silver Dome
Ballroom
The effects of gravity caused a great outward force of the roof segments that
had to be contained with a 376 ton tension ring that spanned the
circumference of the dome, much like the ring of a barrel.
The ring rested on 72 columns that were located at every five degrees from the
center and employ a knuckled column design to disallow shear forces but
support central forces.
The outer walls of the stadium are also constructed of trusses to bear the load of
the crowd and the roof (Macauley, 2000).
There were challenges in finding the loads because of the asymmetry of parts
of the stadium, large mechanical equipment, and temperature considerations.
A wind tunnel test and model testing for structural stability was performed
Ref: https://sites.google.com/site/theastrodomeamarvelofcivil/structural-engineering-design
ASTRODOME
Ref: https://sites.google.com/site/theastrodomeamarvelofcivil/structural-engineering-design
ASTRODOME
Challenges faced: the
deflections of the dome
once the construction
supports were removed.
If all went according to plan, the pins and welds held and the tension ring
was strong enough, the deflection should only be 1.88. The final
measurement was within .25 of the prediction
Ref: https://sites.google.com/site/theastrodomeamarvelofcivil/structural-engineering-design
CONCLUSION
Steel Lamella domes are inexpensive compared to wooden. Lamella domes
are beautiful and a favorite for architectural applications. No Lamella
truss dome structure has ever featured the rounded, band-shell style ends found
on the Silver Dome, making it a one-of-a-kind building.