PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
They are
It is suspected that Gene mutations lead to
proliferation of the auto antibodies leading to
inflammation and blood vessel abnormalities.
Eventually causing problems in all systems.
The most widely studied and known about is the
kidney concerning glomerulonephritis. The gene
mutations are so been researched, however, it seems
to cause the lymphocyte production to be abnormal.
Specifically with increased T cells. A B-CELL is part of
the bodysdefence system to fight against antigens.
However in patients with lupus, for some reasons
there is increase production of abnormal B-CELLS.
Which Instead of attacking antigens, they start
attacking the body, which is called autoimmune
disorder.
Another contributing factor, is that additoiin to the
production of abnormal B-CELLS, there is also LOW
APOPTOSIS of B-CELLS.
APOPTOSIS means a normal process in which a cell
dies.
With increase production of abnormal B-CELLS and
LOW APOPTOSIS, this causes an increased amount of
abnormal B-Cells.
This auto immune antibody are found in the LAB
TEST called ANA DsDNA.
A patient may go a long time without knowing they
have lupus due to the general symptoms.
They may present with general tiredness, or aches
and pains.
Proper diagnosis should be performed by a
rheumatologist.
SYSTEMS that can be affected include the
dermatological system or skin causing rashes and
lesions, The Musculuskeletal System causing pain
and inflammation, the pulmonary system causing
pleurisy and or pleural effusion, The Cardiac System
causing mild carditis and or pericardidtis, The
Vascular System causing anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, and vascularitis. The Renal
System causing glomerulonephritis, acute kidney
injury, and potentially kidney chronic disease, The
GastroIntestinal System causing abdominal pain,
weight loss, anorexia and nausea, and finally, The
Nerurological System causing potential decrease
levels of consciousness, seizures and psychosis.
When studying you can use pneumonics SOAP,
BRAIN, MD
To help you remember the chronical manifestations.
not in order, but itll help you remember the important signs
and symptoms of the disease.
SOAP stands for: Serositis, Oral Ulcers, Arthritis,
Photosensitivty
BRAIN stands for: Blood disorders, Renal Involvment,
Antinurclear antibodies, Immunologic Phenomenon,
Neurologic Disorder
MD stands for: Malar (butterfly rash), and finally discoid rash.
TRANSMISSION AND RISK FACTORS
TRANSMISSION
There is a familial component to lupus which suggest the
predisposition but it is not a communicable disease.
The RISK FACTORS include:
- Female puberty to premenopausal age
- as The disease favors women to men 9 to 1.
- Lupus is more common in African-Americans, Asians and
Hispanics
What Causes Lupus?
The cause of lupus is not known. Research suggests that
genes play an important role, but genes alone do not
determine who gets lupus. It is likely that many factors trigger
the disease.
Yes, lupus is mainly a woman's disease, although men can
have lupus. The ratio of women to men is 9 to 1, or 90%.
Before puberty, boys and girls have the same ratio; that is 1 to
1.
DIAGNOSIS
Many lab tests are done and lupus can mimic many other
autoimmune disorders. Some lab test used by rheumatologist
can include:
- AntiNuclear Antibody Testing this is done first
which is usually high in lupus but it can also be high
in other disorders.
- testing and anti-extractable nuclear antigen (anti-
ENA) form the mainstay of serologictesting for SLE.
Several techniques are used to detect ANAs.
- Other test can include
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
- Double stranded DNA antibody assay
- ENA PANEL
- Extracable nuclear antigens
- Ches and Joint Xrays
- CT SCANS can also help the diagnosis.
- Also BIOPSIES of appropriate to organs may be
necessary to confirm diagnosis.
 In SLE, white blood cells mistakenly
causes sores on the face and scalp but can affect the skin
produces antibodies. To make some of your
body cells and certain chemicals for anywhere on the body. It can also cause hair loss. People
disruption. with discoid lupus are often sensitive to ultraviolet light,
and need to be careful about sun exposure.
When the antibodies attached to your
normal cells, your wbc begin to attack them
as if they were foreign antigen

Overtime, this autoimmune response,

causes inflammation in the parts of your
body wherever the attack is happening.
There is no lupus diet per se, but some preliminary studies
Inflammation makes the blood vessels in
the affected area expand and leak fluid,
suggest nutrition can be helpful for reducing severity of flare-
causing redness and swelling.
ups and encouraging remission.
The sysptoms happens when the immune
system begins to attack diff areas of your
body
Fish:
You may develop
-a butterfly shape skin rash on your cheeks Theres evidence that in areas like Japan and Eskimo
and nose
-small sores or ulcers may form inside your communities in Greenland where people consume a lot of
nose or mouth
- you may develop arthritis , in which your omega-3 fatty acids from fish, seafood, and other sources the
joints become inflamed or swelling.
-when your fingers are cold, they turn a rates of autoimmune disease are lower than in countries
blue or white color , this is called raynauds
phenomenon where intake of omerga-3s is low. That doesnt mean
-you may have pain during deep breathing
caused by pleurisy, a condition in which the necessarily that fish lowers the risk of lupus, but its worth
outer lining of your lungs is inflamed.
- noting that theres already a fairly well established association
your wbc may create antibodies that
attached to y our DNA from worn out cells, between high fish consumption and lower rates of depression
the attached pair called the IMMUNE
COMPLEX, can lodged in your kidneys and and heart disease, so the idea isnt farfetched.
cause inflammation, this disorder is called
lupus nephritis,
Green tea:
-flare ups of any of your symptoms , even
those not related to your skin, maybe
Some population studies suggest onset of lupus is lower in
caused an unusual reactions to sunlight
called Photosensitivity countries where green tea is a diet staple. One explanation
other common lupus symptoms include:
may be that green tea contains potent polyphenols that have
extreme fatigue, headaches, fever, anemia,
swelling of your legs, feet, hands, or skin antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Its possible
around your eyes., muscle pain and
weakness that adding green tea to your diet or even applying it directly

to the skin rashes that can accompany lupus may be helpful.

THERE IS NO CURE FOR LUPUS. HOWEVER
YOU MAY PREVENT OR REDUCE FLARE UPS. When green tea polyphenols were mixed with skin and

salivary gland cells in lab studies done at the Medical College

Seal of Georgia researchers noted a significant decrease in the

The scars on the singers face are the result of markers for SLE.

discoid lupus erythematosus, a type of lupus

involving only the skin. Discoid lupus typically
Avoid safflower, sunflower, corn oils, and margarine

because they are rich in omega-6 essential fatty

acids, the polyunsaturated fats believed to increase

inflammation. Packaged, highly processed, and

commercially fried foods are often loaded with trans-

fats, which contribute to inflammation.

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TYPES OF LUPUS

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

- A relapsing/remitting multisystemic
disease caused by autoantibodies to a
variety of autoantigens

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

-Chronic, scarring skin rash

Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus

- A reaction to sunlight causing rash that
may last for several weeks after brief sun
exposure

Drug- induced Lupus

- An adverse reaction to drugs that creates
symptoms similar to SLE. It is generally
reversible. The highest incidence of drug
induced lupus occurs secondary to
hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide.

Neonatal Lupus

- A rare type of lupus affecting newborns.