OBJECTIVE:

1. To develop more understanding about development and principle of CNC machine.

2. To learn various type of modern CNC machines and CNC modes of operations.
3. To understand the fundamentals of part programming in terms of the various steps
needed to be taken for completing a successful CNC program.
4. To understand the different preparatory (G codes) and miscellaneous functions (M
codes) as used in CNC part program.
5. To understand the advantages and disadvantages of CNC machines and their applications
INTRODUCTION

CNC is a machine used for automatic control in the industry. This machine works to control the
work of other machines used. In other words, we do not need the public operator to operate
several machines we have.

CNC (Computer Numerically Controlled) was the machines that use the operation 'Numeric' to
operate the machine from numeris data stored on the computer.

For example, the CNC has used in the metal industry. In this operation, CNC mechanism used to
control the machine tool and metal cutting. So long as thick metal pieces produced by metal
cutting machines, CNC machines can be arranged by. At present, only the metal industry is not
only a technology in CNC machines as automatic process.

Sophistication of facilities for CNC itself is re-programmed according to requirements. CNC

programmed by software 'Fanuc'.Through the work of this software is governed by our CNC,
arranging work, means we have arranged automatic process for the machines of other
industries, because basically this machine is a controller for the works of other machine.
NC / CNC consists of three main sections:

1. 'Programme'
2. 'Control Unit' / 'Processor'
3. Machine / 'Hardware'

Working principles of NC / CNC in moderation can be described as follows:

'Programmer' create CNC programs for products to be made in a straightforward manner on
CNC machines or made on a computer with programmer CNC software. The CNC program,
known as' G-Code, sent off and translated by the 'processor' on the CNC machine and produces
a servo motor settings on the machine to move the tool that moves make the process of
machining to produce according to data from programs that have been added into the (key-in)
CNC machines.
DEFINITION OF CNC MACHINES.

CNC (Computer Numerically Controlled) machine tools are equipped with mechanical systems
and computer-based controls that can read the instructor code N, G, F, T, and others, where the
codes will be 'taught' to operate CNC machines according to program things work will be done.
In general, the workings of CNC machines is no difference with conventional machines.

Function CNC machine operators are replacing workers who operate conventional machines.
For example, job organizing the movement (setting tool) ready to carve up the position of
cutting, cutting and retracting movement to the starting position, and others. So it is with
cutting settings (cutting speed, cutting speed and depth of cut) as well as other functions such
assuccession arrangements chisel, alteration of transmission of force, and direction of rotation
of the main elements, coolant, etc. settings.

The types of CNC machines.

CNC Turning Machine

CNC Milling Machine

Axis
CNC Machine 'Turning' refers to the tool. It has an axis:
Z: length
X: Diameter
And it has an axis of 'Zero Point References'

Coordinate System

Absolute Coordinate System

Absolute coordinate system is the programming to determine the coordinates point to the
point of no work thing. Position of the point in working things always begin from the point of no
as a reference measurement. As a reference point for working things no self-parking point is
determined based on the kind of work and impact of programs to be made. Determination of
the point of no substance to the zero point of work. At work things complicated programming,
via the G-code "a particular point of zero normal work things moved according to simplify
programming and to avoid measurement errors. Absolute programming also known as absolute
programming system, where the movement of cutting tool to the point of no work thing.
Advantages of this system is, when the programming error occurred during the simulation on
the display machine, CNC control panel will show the point on the display screen, so it's easier
for us to make the necessary corrections.
Comparison system

Programming is a program relative to the measurement route is always the end point of a
crossing. Endpoint of a path is thestarting point for the next track coordinate measurement or
determination based on the change in length in the X axis (X), andX 6 Y axis length track (Y).
Point of no matter to work at no point as the initial reference point, place the point of no work
itemsare determined based on the kind of work and impact of programs to be made.
Determine the following coordinates tothe endpoint of a crossing point. Comparative
programming system, also known as a chain or system of programs' relative
coordinate.Determination of cutoff tool movement from one point to the next point refers to
the final termination point cutting tool. Thedetermination of the phase out point. The drawback
of this programming system, any error in the determination of coordinatespoints, the deviation
to be increased
CONCLUSION

After a practice for a week we had recognize the machine . We can learn how to use CNC
machines using the code 'G' and 'M' as well as understand the uses and functions of the
machines' CNC . Spirit of cooperation between members of each group can be cultivated during
practice and practice proper safety measures during practice ..

1. We can understand how the use of CNC lathe machine at work project.

2. We can complete the project according to project design and project dimensions.

3. Made to achieve the project objectives and in accordance with our requirements.

4. Understand what has been taught in theory and in practice can be machined.

5. We can solve the problems during the project coordinate system before we make a
simulation.

6. We can understand how to enter data (key-in) program at CNC Lathe machine control panel.

7. We can use the machine CNC lathe skills to the project.

8. Able to produce ideas for the design of this CNC project