Project Smart India /Smart Solar Power /Smart Transmission

Safe Practice in Earthing and Protection

 ACME Renewable India (Solar Power Div)
WELCOME FOR THE PRESENTATION ON - Best Practice
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INSTALATION
AND
SAFETY PRODUCTS
Earthing & Protection
Nature Resources for Generating Power
Smart India Smart Solar Power Plan 2022
Wind 60 GW
Sun + High Energy Storage Batteries(100 GW)
 India Plan 100GW Solar Power in Year 2022
Solar Power Now Changing Many Phases
Use with Genset
Use with Wind Power
Use with High Energy Storage(Battery)
Instalation on Ground/Cannel Mounted
Instalation on Roof (Building)
Instalation on Water (Floating)
Instaltion on Building(BIPV Building Integrated
Transparent Photovoltaic Solar Glass
External/Internal Surge Source
An Arcing Fault is the flow of current through
the air between phase conductors or phase
conductors and neutral or ground.
Concentrated radiant energy is released at the
point of arcing an a small amount of time
resulting
 Fire Accident in Solar PV Power Plant
Reason Lose Contact Earthing Disorder and Lightning
Solar Panel Fire Accident
More Picture Fire in Solar Pv Power
Plant
More Picture
Fire Component Level
Solar PV Power Plant
Surge in Systems and Result
Surge in DC Application
Sikhana to Padega Hi Follow Electrical Safety
Follow Safety in Electrical Instalation Shocks
 Earthing Design and Require Result
For substation Large Power below 1.00Ohm
For substation Small Power below 2.00Ohm
SCADA/TELECOM and AutomationFor substation Large
Power below 0.50Ohm
Tower and Other Structure between 8-15Ohm
Lightning Surge Protection 50KA below 5Ohm or 100KA
between 8-15Ohm
Follow Standard IEC /IEEE
Recommended use of Hybrid Metal to Protect from Theft
Copper Clad Steel/Alumineum Clad Copper
Exothermeic weld IEEE 837
Surge Protection Recommation
Surge Protection use Recommendation
v
Products
 Copper Cladded Conductor For Electrical
Installation

The Copper Clad Steel Grounding Conductor is made up of steel with the coating of 99.99% pure copper. These
conductors/ wires
or strands are equipped with the strength of steel with the conductivity and copper with the better corrosion
resistance property. The concentric copper cladding is metallurgic ally bonded to a steel core through a continuous,
solid cladding process using pressure rolling for primary bonding. The copper cladding
thickness remains constant surrounding steel. We use different steel grades for the steel core result in Dead Soft
Annealed, High strength and Extra High Strength Characteristics.
The Copper Clad Steel Wire yields a composite conductivity of 21%, 30% and 40% IACS, and available in Annealed
and Hard drawn. We are delivering products with varied conductivity and tensile strength as per the customer need.
Further, the wire can be processed to be silver plated or tinned copper clad steel wire.
Most Efficient Joint Process

It is efficient and superior to all existing surface to-surface

mechanical retention connectors.
 What is Exothermic Welding System?
Copper to Bi-Metal and Alumenium
Types of Exothermic Joints:

Possible to join any bi metal except aluminum

Exothermic welding is a process of making maintain free highly molecular bonding process is superior in
performance connection to any known mechanical or compression-type surface-to-surface contact connector.
Exothermic weld connections provide current carrying (fusing) capacity equal to that of the conductor and will
not deteriorate with age.

It offers Electrical connections between two or more copper to copper and copper to steel conductors.

Highly portable method as it does not require any external power source or heat source, so it can be done
almost anywhere.

It provides strong permanent molecular bond among metallic conductors that cannot loosen and further will
not deteriorate with age.
Copper Clad Steel Solid ROD and Conductor
LIGHTNING FORMATION
 Facts about Lightning
A strike can average 100 million volts of electricity
Current of up to 200,000 amperes
Can generate 54,000 oF
10/350MicroSec/50KA Fault Current/Discharge in
Nano Sec
Protection
Earthing Design100KA Fault Current/Joints Exothermic
/Flexible Down Conductor with Shortest Route &
Less Corner
 Lightning Protection Standard use in India
( IEC 62305-3 and 4)
Working Principle Angullar No Compromise with Design
Max Protection 30Mtrs from One
No Product warrenty from Manufacturer
High Maintenance Require
NFC17-102(2011) Now Europeon Standard(ESE LA)
Working Principle Radius Compromise with Design
Possible with Increasing Qty of ESE
Max Protection 109 Mtrs Radius from One
Manufacturing Warrenty and Test Certificate for Products
Available
Maintenance on Call Basis
Lightning Risk assessment Study is actually the measure of risk of a lightning strike and
probability of damages. As Per IEC62305-2.

All these calculations are based on:

lightning strike density in that particular area (provided by OMV i.e. Ng = 8),
Danger for people,
Occupation coefficient of structure,
Relative location of site,
Fire Risk,
Associated services,
Electrical Lines,
Lightning Protection Level,
Surge Arrestor and
Dimensions of installation.
Lighting Strike Density (Ng)

It is the measure of lightning strikes per kilometre square per year in the particular area.

Higher the lighting strike density, higher the probability of lightning strike which needs higher level of lightning protection level.
Danger for People (h)

It is the factor of presence of people and panic in the building in case of a lightning strike

No particular danger 1

Low panic level(<=2 floors, < 100 persons 2

Medium risk of panic (< 1000 persons) 5

Difficult to evacuate (disabled people, hospitals) 5

High risk of panic (> 1000 persons) 10

Hazard for surroundings or environment 20

Contamination of surroundings or environment 50

Occupancy Coefficient (Lf1)

It is the risk reduction factor with respect to theoccupancy of the building / installation. For example, loss due to lighting strike is higher in hospital as compared to a store / warehouse.
Structure unoccupied 0.1

Structure normally occupied 0.01

Relative Location of Site (Cd)

It is the risk reduction factor with respect to the location and surrounding of the building / installation. For example, chance of lighting strike is minimized if the building is near to a high tower.
Structure surrounded by higher objects or trees 0.25

Structure surrounded by similar or lower objects 0.5

Isolated structure-No other objects nearby 1

Isolated structure on top of a hill or a hillock 2

Fire Risk (rf)

It is the risk reduction factor with respect to the flammability of the material present in the building / installation. For example, in case of lighting strike, loss will be very high at a gas station as compare to the cement store.

Explosion 1

High 0.1

Ordinary 0.01

Low 0.001
 Lightning Risk Calcuator as per IEC6305
LIGHTNING RISK ASSESSMENT CALCULATIONS

Building / Installation : KTC Tower

Building ID No. KTC, Mall Road

LIGHTNING DENSITY Ng= 8

STRUCTURE
Length L(m) L= 12

Width W(m) W= 15

Height H(m) Hi= 10

Chimney/Tower height (m) T= 2

DANGER FOR PEOPLE h= No particular danger

OCCUPATION OF THE STRUCTURE Lf1= Structure normally occupied

LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR Pd= Protection Level IV

Electrical Line Ai= Underground

RELATIVE LOCATION OF THE STRUCTURE Cd= Structure surrounded by higher objects or trees

FIRE RISK rf= Low

SERVICE Lf2= Gas, water

SURGE ARRESTOR Pi= None

RESULTS OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT

Risk of human loss R1= ACCEPTABLE

Risk of loss of service R2= ACCEPTABLE

Risk of loss of cultural heritage R3= ACCEPTABLE

PASSIVE PROTECTION SYSTEM
The Simple Rod air terminal is composed from a metallic rod with 2 to 8 m height
dominating the structure to protect, and linked to 2 down conductors minimum,
and 2 earthing systems. The protection radius ensured by this air terminal which
is limited to 30 m more or less (Protection level IV, height = 60 m), especially
dedicated to the protection of small structures or areas like towers, chimneys,
tanks, water tower, antenna masts The EN 62305-3 standard describes the
installation procedure for these air terminals.
13 Simple Rods, 13 down conductors, and 13 earthing systems are necessary to
ensure the protection below :
 The meshed cage protection is composed from a meshing in roof surface and in the front
face around the building. Surrounding the roof surface, and on high points, capture points
are positioned. A conductors network is placed at the outer perimeter of the roof. This
network is completed by transverse conductors. The size of the meshing is 5 to meters, and
depends on the efficiency needed for the protection. On the front face of the building, the
down conductors are linked at the top to the meshing of the roof. And, down, to specific
earthing systems. The distance between two conductors is 10 to 25 meters, and depend on
the efficiency needed for the protection. The EN 62305-3 describes the installation
procedure for this method.
Generally, this method is heavy and expensive, due to the complexity of the structures to
protect.
26 capture points, 26 down conductors and a grounded loop earthing system are necessaries to
ensure the protection of the structure here below :
 The catenary wires protection is a method closed to the meshed cage principle, because it is constituted with meshing of the
conductors far from the structure to protect, to avoid any contact with lightning current.
Catenary wires are located over the structure to protect, connected to down conductors and specific earthing systems. The width of
the meshing and distance between the down conductors must respect the same rules as for the meshed cage. The EN 62305-3
describes the installation procedure for this method.
Generally, this method is heavy and expensive, due to the complexity of the structures to protect.
 The ESE air terminal is a terminal which enables to generate artificially an upward leader earlier than a
simple rod, with an ionization system, in order to establish a special impact on its point. The capture of
the lightning strike being faster than a simple rod, this technology enables to benefit from larger
protection areas, ensuring protection for large dimensions structures.
The generated protection radius depends on the early streamer emission value of the air terminal (t in
s), its height, and the efficiency of the protection. The protection radius ensured by this type of air
terminal is 120 m (Protection level IV, height = 60 m , early streamer emission time 60s) The NFC 17-102
standard describes the installation procedure for this type of air terminal.
The installation of this type of air terminal is easy and cheaper than other technologies. It can protect
whole buildings with one E.S.E. air terminal. It enables the protection of a structure and its environment,
the protection of opened areas and well integrate in the architecture of a structure without aesthetic
alteration.
1 ESE, 2 down conductors and 2 earthing systems are necessary to ensure the protection below :
Installation

ESE AT with radius protection form 32 mtr to 107 mtr.

DMC Insulator .

GI/FRP Mast .

Down Conductor Copper / Copper Cadmium

Cable 70 sq. mm

Copper Bonded Ground Earthing

 Thimble

Joint all phase wire/ cable with the help of

crimping tools and lugs

Step 1
Separation Sheet

Fixed the separation sheet between all wires/

cables

Gel / Silicon
Step 2
Close the filled Silicon enclosure from top and
bottom , complete installation is done.

Step 3
Features :
Provides cable with cable connections and jointing wires in switchboard / electric boxes Being a jelly it can be
easily fit into molds of any shape and size.
Helps in safeguarding electrical connections and also protects electrical connection joints from catching fire, sparking
and leakage current.
Eradicates all the possibilities of fire, electric shocks and sparks, etc. causes due to improper electrical connection
joints and safeguards structure, equipment and person.
Offers safety to your electrical joints from ageing, corrosion, moisture and also observes leakage current.
Advantages :
Nontoxic
Insulating
Highly reliable operation
Maintenance Free
Repairable
Cost Effective
High repeat value
Elasticity
Shape retention
JMVs Clients
 Neeraj Saini 9910398538
Rahul Verma 9910398535
Manav Chandra - 9910398999
manav@jmv.co.in