Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Contents
1 Introduction
Bibliography
References
[1] Adriano Joaquim de Oliveira Cruz. Fuzzy logic presentations.
http://equipe.nce.ufrj.br/adriano/fuzzy/ln.htm.
[2] Jyh-Shing Roger Jang, Chuen-Tsai Sun, and Eiji Mizutani. Neuro-Fuzzy and
Soft Computing: A Computational Approach to Learning and Intelligence.
Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1997.
[3] Bart Kosko. Fuzzy Thinking: The New Science of Fuzzy Logic. Harper and
Collins, USA, 1994.
[4] Hung T. Nguyen and Elbert A. Walker. A First Course in Fuzzy Logic.
Chapman and Hall/CRC, New York, USA, 2000.
Bibliography
References
[1] Lefteri H. Tsoukalas and Robert E. Uhrig. Fuzzy and Neural Approaches in
Engineering. John Wiley and Sons, inc, 1997.
[2] Constantin von Altrock. Fuzzy Logic and Neuro Fuzzy Applications Ex-
plained. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1995.
[3] John Yen and Reza Langari. Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, Control and Infor-
mation. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1999.
Computational Intelligence
1. Fuzzy Logic
2. Artificial Neural Networks
3. Evolutionary Systems
4. Swarm Intelligence
5. Hybrid Systems
2 Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy Logic?
2
Fuzzy Logic examples of applications
ANN
3
ANN models
ANN Model
4
Inputs Input Hidden Output Output
Layer Layer Layer
Training
1. Weight values change during the training process.
2. Values are presented at the inputs and outputs are compared to the desired
values.
3. Wrong outputs cause weights to change in order to reduce the error.
4. Process is repeated with different inputs till the ANN is able to give the
correct answers.
5. Hopefully the ANN will be able to give the correct answer even to inputs
that were not trained.
4 Evolutionary Systems
Evolutionary Systems
1. ES are global search and optimization algorithms modelled from natural
genetic principles such as natural selection.
2. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are a type of Evolutionary Systems.
3. They are stochastic searching methods.
4. Good solutions will survive and be combined by the natural selection
process.
5. At the end the most fit will survive.
5
The Metaphor
Adaptation
Mechanisms
1. The competition for scarce resources makes the adapted survive and re-
produce.
2. Through reproduction the genes from individuals are transmitted to their
descendants.
3. This continuous process of selection and reproduction of the best individ-
uals may conduct to more adapted individuals.
6
GA flux
Begin
Initial
Population
Mutation
Crossing
Ok?
yes
End
5 Swarm Intelligence
Swarm Intelligence
7
Motivations
Ant Colonies
6 Hybrid Systems
Hybrid Systems
1. Each intelligent technique has its particular strengths and weakness and
cannot be applied to universally to every problem.
2. Mixing together these techniques systems improve the quality of the solu-
tions and allows application to different tasks.
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7 History
Aristotle
9
Aristotle x Budha
10
Fuzzy Logic? Why?
1. As far as the laws of Mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain;
and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality. Albert Einstein
How to classify?
1. Happy people
2. Small rooms
3. High temperatures
4. Faster cars
5. High tax rates
6. High people
To be or not to be?
1. Bertrand Russel, while trying to formalize Mathematic had difficulties due
to the liar?s paradox.
I am lying.
To be or not to be?
1. Consider the set of all sets that are not members of its own set.
2. Is it a member of this set?
3. If it is a member then it is not, but if it is not then it is.
Detractors
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The Beginning
Fuzzy Thinking
Function Approximator
Outputs
Inputs
Fuzzy System
outputs=f(inputs)
f is unknown
Fuzzy Rules
1. If the interest rate is high and the deficit is high then there will be a
recession.
2. If rush hour then diminish the interval between buses.
3. If the tyre skids then loose the brake a bit.
4. If the soil is very dry then water it for very long time.
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Fuzzy System
Data
Management
Inference
Fuzzyfier Defuzzyfier
Engine
Advantages
Disadvantages
Commercial Products
13
4. Vacuum cleaners that measure air dust to set suction power.
5. Microwave ovens that measure temperature, humidity, weight of food to
set time and power.
Commercial Products
4. Hitachi uses approximately 150 rules to trade in Japanese bonds and fu-
tures
5. Yamaichi Securities uses hundreds of rules to manage a stock fund
6. Anaesthesia Control and Fuzzy Data Analysis for Cardio-Anaesthesia
Commercial Products
The End
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