1. What is an embedded system (ES).

An embedded system is a computer systemwith a dedicated function within a

larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time
computing constraints.[1][2] It is embedded as part of a complete device often
including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control many
devices in common use today.[3] Ninety-eight percent of all microprocessors are
manufactured as components of embedded systems.[4] (Wiki).
An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware and software,
either fixed in capability or programmable, that is designed for a specific function
or for specific functions within a larger system. Industrial machines, agricultural
and process industry devices, automobiles, medical equipment, cameras, household
appliances, airplanes, vending machines and toys as well as mobile devices are all
possible locations for an embedded system. (IoT Agenda)
2. Characteristics of an ES.
Components:
i) Hardware

Power Supply
Processor
Memory
Timers
Serial communication ports
Output/Output circuits
System application specific circuits

ii) Software: The application software is required to perform the series of tasks.
An embedded system has software designed to keep in view of three constraints:
Availability of System Memory
Availability of processor speed
The need to limit power dissipation when running the system continuously in
cycles of wait for events, run , stop and wake up.

iii) Real Time Operating System: (RTOS) It supervises the application software
and provides a mechanism to let the processor run a process as per scheduling and
do the switching from one process (task) to another process.
 3. Difference between an ES and other systems.
Embedded System, as it appears from its name, is a part of a bigger system, a
computer restricted to one function (or a finite set of functions) that controls,
monitors or integrate with larger systems like automotive, robotics, home
appliances and military applications.

They have very tight constraints regarding size, performance, memory, price and
durability, also an embedded system is required in most cases to respond in real
time, you dont want your brakes to work after pressing the pedal by a couple of
seconds tho..

General Computer System is a computer that is built to be customizable in

software, like desktop PCs and laptops, you can make it do many thing,
sometimes together, with low or no constraints on power, performance or cost,
also a general computing system is contained in itself, its not a part of a larger
system.. it is the system itself.

4. Difference between embedded hardware system and others.

?
5. Difference between embedded software systems and others.

6. Some popular trends in ES developments.

7. ES for IoT.
8. Challenges of ES today.
9. What strategies are best to ensure a secure embedded system?
10.
Architecture of Embedded Hardware System (ESS)
Architecture of Embedded Software System (ESS)