4 channel Telemetry System

authors: Muhammad Junaid Atta, Syed Najeeb Haider Zaidi, Muhammad Sami, Jamil-ud-Din, Aziz Ashraf

Basic Description

Basic Idea for the the project is to transmit the data from one point to another, this transmission may be wireless
or with wire, well wireless is more enhance technology than with-wire transmission so we adopted wireless
transmitting and receiving data. This project transmits 4 types of data by different types of sensors. They include
Temperature sensor, Fuel level Sensor, Pressure sensor and rpm sensor. These all sensors have analog output
in the form of voltages so we have to convert it into digital data then we will able to transmit.

Why convert analog into digital data?

Well we converted analog data into digital data. Why? Because four different types of data are being transmitted
trough one channel so multiplexing is required. Due to this we used a digital switch which multiplexed the four
data and convert it into digital form one by one. Note: Transmitter range 12-15 feet

Data transmission

Block Diagram shows the data Transmission of the message signal by some modulation process.

Data Receiving
After receiving Data from receiver, it will be demodulate after the process of demodulation we will get the real
data which we required and we want to transmit and we can easily display it. Note: Transmitter Works on 98
MHz

Function Block Diagramm

Circuit Diagram
Circuit Description

This is the circuit for the project

Section A of the circuit is receiving
signals from the four sensors, here
we use an IC M4066 this is just an
analog as well as digital switch which
have three four input/outputs having
a controlling signal pin which controls
the data flow in the circuit. This
controlling is made by the pins of
microcontroller with ports 2.1-2.4.

As these all signals are analog

signals, so we have to convert it into
digital data by converter called
Analog to Digital Converter ADC. For
this purpose we used an IC
ADC0804. this will convert the
analog signal in to digital equivalent.
The main thing is that Why we
analog to digital converter??

Due to the fact that we have three

sensors and we have to transmit
these signals so multiplexing is
required and this multiplexing is done
in the digital signals thats the basic
reason of using this analog into
digital converter. The output of the
digital 8 bit signal will go into the
controllers port 1.0-1.7.

After entering data into

microcontroller it will transmit by
transmitter.
 Well this is the end of section A of the
circuit. Here another section of the
circuit which is the transmission
sections. Let explore this part of the
circuit. To transmit some signal we
have to modulate this signal to
transmit it for far distance. Well the
modulation circuit is built in the
transmitter circuit. Here we use
Frequency Modulation, the main
aspect is that frequency modulation is
easier to use can be transmit through
a distance which we required, this is
near about 2 Km. so in Radio
Frequencies FM is widely use for the
data transmission. This transmitter
transmits the signal on 102 MHz.
The Output wave form is just like
square wave not exactly. Well we can
say that the wave form is just a
square wave form. Here we cant
describe the exactly wave form
because oscilloscope is required for
the purpose.

Data Flow Diagram

Data Sheet

Source code:
4066.asm
4066.hex
4066.obj

Calculations for downlink

1. Free space path loss at distance 2km is 78.285dB

2. Frequency 98 MHz

3. Effective Isotropic radiated Power is 9dB

4. Antenna gain is 10

5. radiated power is 0.8W

6. Carrier to noise ratio C/N = 159.35dB cant calculate satellite gain and additional atmospheric losses because
we havent much knowledge about it.

What Next??

1. increase the range up to 2Km

2. output voltage at receiving side be 5V

3. What type of antenna can be used for transmission and receiving data?

4. What type of amplifier will use for transmitting and receiving power?

5. If less effective antenna will use on transmission side and high effective antenna is used for receiving
side then what will it effects?