R&D AND

Gross domestic spending on R&D is defined

as the total expenditure (current and capital)
on R&D carried out by all resident companies,
research institutes, and university and
government laboratories in each country.

THE ECONOMY
It includes R&D funded from abroad, but
excludes domestic funds for R&D performed
outside the domestic economy

Researchers 2016 GDP per capita ($k)

The positive correlation between national spending on Annual patent Gross domestic spending
applications on R&D (% of GDP)
research and development (R&D), patent applications and
economic growth shows just how important R&D can be to
the global economy World Bank/OECD/UNESCO

180

170

160

South Korea leads the Israel leads the Spending on R&D in the UK While Luxembourg spends
world in terms of patent world in terms of R&D and European Union has a relatively small amount
applications, with 42.2 investment,spending 4.25 barely changed over the past of national expenditure
150 made per 10,000 people. on R&D, GDP per capita
per cent of gross domestic 15 years, remaining below the
The countrys economy is spending on R&D. The 2 per cent mark remains among the highest
a world leader in terms of governments Yozma in the world due to the large
basic research, defined as initiative set up in 1993 has contribution its financial
the study directed towards sector makes to the 102.1
largely driven this growth
140 greater knowledge and and is aimed at reducing economy
understanding without Israels over-reliance on the
an immediately known public sector and trade
application

130
4.23 4.25
South Korean spending on
R&D as a percentage of GDP
has surged from around 2
120 per cent in 2000 to 4.23 per
cent in 2015. The country is
aiming to increase this level
to 5 per cent by the end of
this year
110
3.49
PATENT APPLICATIONS/RESEARCHERS PER 10,000 PEOPLE

100 3.26
71.3
3.07
2.97
2.9 2.96
90
2.87
2.79
62
62.5

80
2.45

2.23 56.1
70 2.21
2.07 2.11 2.19 50.1 51.1
48.9 49.4 49.5
47.7
46.8 47
1.95
60 2.01
1.93
41.9 1.7 43.1 44.2
40.7
42.9
50 1.5
37.7
1.38 36.6 1.7
38 1.51 1.31
1.28 34.6 35
1.18 36.1
1.33
40 1.13
1.01 33.1 1.22
0.96 1 1.15
29.9 30.6
29.8
25.8
30 27.6
26.3 26.5
23 23
0.73 24.3
0.55 0.63
20
17.9
14.4 0.39
13.1

10

0
China

South Korea
Mexico

Russia

Slovenia

Czech
South Africa

Chile

Turkey

Latvia

Slovakia

Portugal

Republic

Italy

Switzerland
Spain

New Zealand

Finland

Netherlands
Greece

Poland

Estonia

Israel

Japan

France

UK

Belgium

Germany

Norway
Australia

Iceland
Hungary

Austria

Sweden

United States
Canada

Denmark

Ireland

Luxembourg