Advancing Science and Discovery

NEWSLETTER
w w w. s e g w e b . o r g

APRIL 2016 NUMBER 105

Se S
e p Co EG
From Mineral Discovery to Project Delivery . 2 nf 20
7 ere 16
Keenan Jennings (SEG 1991 F) and Richard Schodde (SEG 2006) 38 n
FWS Consultants Ltd, Merrington House, Merrington Lane Industrial Estate, fo ce
Spennymoor, Co. Durham DL16 7UT, United Kingdom
rd
eta
ils
THE LANDSCAPE Mantoverde (oxide CuChile), and of new mines drawn from the current
Ekati (diamondsCanada). (large) pool of known undeveloped
The minerals industry is a nonrenew-
Future additional production can projects, and (3) new discoveries. We
able businessall mines have a finite
only come from one or more of three examine each in turn. They are not
life. To meet future demand, the
sources: (1) expansions and extensions mutually exclusive but
resources industry needs to find new to page 20 . ..
at existing operations, (2) construction demand a balanced
orebodies and develop new mining
projects at a rate that allows both for
resource replacement as drawdown of Resource Growth, Los Bronces District, Chile
inventory occurs and for growth in 60000

demand as further industrialization and 55000

urbanization occur. 50000

Contained Cu metal (kT)

The task confronting the industry 45000

is immense. Based on a compound 40000
annual growth in world metal demand 35000
of 2 to 3% pa, mine production in 20
30000
years time will need to be 50 to 80%
25000
higher than it is todaymuch more
20000
than can be provided by the industrys
current overhang in excess capacity 15000

in producing many metals. Further 10000

magnifying the size of the challenge 5000

is the fact that in the interim many 0

large mines will have ceased producing. -5000

Near-term examples of these include 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Century (ZnAustralia), Lisheen Cumulative Production Inferred Measured & Indicated Proven & Probable
(ZnIreland), Highlands (coalUSA),

Corresponding author: e-mail, FIGURE 1. Resource growth at the Los Bronces mine and district, Chile. Source: Anglo American plc,
keenan@fwsconsultants.com Annual company reports, 20022014.

TETHYAN TECTONICS
and METALLOGENY
SEG 2016 eme, TURKEY
September 2528, 2016

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2011

seg2016.org
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 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 3
NEWSLETTER
N 105APRIL 2016
Executive Editor................... Brian G. Hoal
Technical Editor.................. Shaun Barker
Views Editors............ Jeffrey Hedenquist
John Thompson
Production Editor................. Chris Brandt
News Editor.......................... Alice Bouley
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& Advertising........... Vivian Smallwood
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DEADLINE FOR NEWSLETTER #106:
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Contents
F E AT U R E A R T I C L E
1 From Mineral Discovery to Project Delivery
NEWSLETTER COLUMNS
4 From the Executive Director: Summary of Activities for the Year 2015
7 From the Treasurer: 2015 Year-End Summary
8 Presidential Perspective: Recruitment, Retention, and
Continuing Professional Development Through the Troughs
9 SEGF Presidential Perspective: SEG ProgramsTake Advantage of the Downturn
VIEWS
13 Geological Mapping in Exploration: A View from the Trenches
16 We Must Change Exploration Thinking in Order to Discover Future Orebodies
SEG NEWS
10 Contributions SEG, SEG Foundation, and SEG Canada Foundation
25 The State of the IndustryThe View from the Smaller End of Town
Summarizing the Industry Outlook Dinner Talk
39 10th Ore Deposits Models and Exploration Workshop, Xi'an, China
SEG STUDENT NEWS
40 Round I 2016 Student Chapter Funding
40 Student Member and Chapter Announcements
40 SEG Welcomes New Student Chapters
41 SEG Foundation and SEG Canada Foundation Student Field Trip No. 15
42 SEG Student Chapter Report Summaries
E X P L O R AT I O N R E V I E W S
45 Alaska 45 Australasia 46 Mexico 46 Northern Eurasia
47 Contiguous United States
MEMBERSHIP
54 SEG 2015 Officers and Committees
55 SEG Membership: Candidates and New Fellows, Members, and Student Members
59 SEG Announcements & Deadlines
60 Personal Notes and News
ANNOUNCEMENTS
7 Quarterly Member Tip: Accessing Member Benefits
12 Thank you to the SEG Canada Foundation Corporate Sponsors, 2015
19 IVth International Conference, ITES-2016, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia
24 13th International Nickel-Copper-PGE Symposium, Perth/Fremantle, WA, Australia
27-38 SEG 2016 Conference: Tethyan Tectonics and Metallogeny, in esme, Turkey
40 Whitehorse 2016 GAC-MAC Joint Annual Meeting, Yukon, Canada
44 Key Benefits of SEG Membership
50-51 35th International Geological Congress, Cape Town, South Africa
53 Simexmin A Benchmark Symposium in Mineral Exploration, Minas Gerais, Brazil
58 Argentina Mining 2016, Salta, Argentina
59 Seminar and Field Trip Announcement: SEG Bolivia Student Chapter and CGB
S E G E D U C AT I O N & T R A I N I N G C U R R I C U L U M
8-49 Preliminary 2016 Education and Training Curriculum
4
52 SEG at GSA 2016 Pre-Conference Field Trip, Mineral Deposits and Geology of
the Silver City Mining District and Owyhee Mountains, Southwestern Idaho
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
62 Calendar
ADVERTISERS
2 Actlabs, Ltd. (inside front cover) 47 Laravie, Joseph A. 60 Resource Geosciences de Mexico
19 Anzman, Joseph R. 63 Midland Valley (inside back cover) 19 SGS
19 AVRUPA Minerals 2 ORES (inside front cover) 60 Shea Clark Smith
40
40
Birak, Donald J.
Blue Sky Geoscience
59
59
Petrographic Consultants Intl.
pH Consulting
41 Southern Geoscience Consultants
2 Zonge Engineering & Research
53 Condor Consulting, Inc. 47 Recursos del Caribe, S.A. (inside front cover)
 4 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Summary of Activities for the Year 2015
NEW OFFICERS
In the July-August election of officers for
January 2016, the membership elected
Laurence J. Robb, President-Elect, 2016,
and Timothy Baker, Kevin B. Heather,
and Adam C. Simon, Councilors
(20162018).
MEMBERSHIP
As of December 31, 2015, SEG mem-
bership in all categories totaled 7,405,
almost the same as this time last year.
Members are currently distributed
through 99 countries worldwide, com-
pared with 98 countries at this time in
2014. About 56% of the membership
works for industry (corporate or self-
employed); the remainder are in aca-
demia (11% academics, 25% students),
government (4%), and retired (4%). The
number and proportion of women in
the Society has remained the same as
last year at 1,322 (18%). Nearly 60% of
our members are from three countries,
namely the United States (24%), Canada
(19%), and Australia (14%). The majority
of members (57%) come from outside
North America (United States and Can-
ada). About 88% of new applicants are
from outside the United States, with the
bulk of applications coming from South
America (22%), Europe (22%), Canada
(16%), Australasia (17%), and Asia (14%).
For the year, the Society processed 1,059
new applications (1 Fellow, 275 Members
and 783 Student Memberships). In addi-
tion, 64 Members upgraded to Fellow-
ship, with Fellows now making up 20%
of total membership. A new member
type, Recent Graduates, was introduced
for the 2015 dues year. Current student
members who graduated in 2014 were
eligible for this transitional member
status at a discounted membership rate.
To date, 64 students have transitioned to
Recent Graduate status.
Through December 31, the Society
had 94 active Student Chapters located
in 31 countries: Canada (17), the United
States (12), Brazil (8), UK (7), Australia
(5), Colombia (4), Argentina (3), Chile
(3), China (3), France (3), Peru (3),
Germany (2), Greece (2), Hungary (2),
Indonesia (2), Mexico (2), Switzerland
(2), Austria (1), Bolivia (1), Bulgaria (1),
Czech Republic (1), Ecuador (1), Ireland
(1), Japan (1), Mongolia (1), Philippines
(1), Romania (1), Slovakia (1), South
Africa (1), Spain (1), and Turkey (1). A
further 16 chapters are now considered
to be inactive. A total of $69,679 was
disbursed from the Stewart R. Wallace
Fund in 2015 to 55 student chapters in
24 countries: Canada (13), USA(6), Bra-
zil (4), UK (4), Australia (3) France (3),
China (2), Germany (2), and one each
in Argentina, Austria, Bulgaria, Chile,
Colombia, Czech Republic, Ecuador,
Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, Japan,
Peru, Philippines, Romania, Spain and
South Africa.
The SEG Foundation continues to
provide important subsidies required to
sustain special membership classes such
as Students, Senior Fellows, and Lind-
gren Awardees.
CONFERENCES, FIELD TRIPS,
AND SHORT COURSES
From January 1 to December 31, 2015,
the Society organized, sponsored, or
participated in the following con-
ferences, workshops, symposia, field
courses, and field trips:
n SEG participated in the AME BC Min-
eral Exploration Roundup in Vancou-
ver, Canada, January 2629, 2015. S.
Crawford, SEG membership services,
handled the SEG exhibit booth.
n SEG held a two-day short course,
pre-Mining Indaba conference, Geol-
ogy of Gold Deposits, at the Uni-
versity of Cape Town, South Africa,
on February 78, 2015. Presenters
included R. Goldfarb, S. Simmons, H.
Frimmel, and B. Rusk.
n SEG held two short courses prior
to the PDAC 2015 Convention in
Toronto, Canada. The first course,
Geology of Copper: Porphyry Cop-
per, IOGC and Sedimentary Rock-
Hosted Stratiform Copper Deposits,
was presented by R. Sillitoe and M.
Hitzman. The second course, Struc-
tural Geology of Gold and Copper
Deposits, with Emphasis on Ores in
Continental Margin Tectonic Set-
tings, was presented by J. Richards
and D. Rhys. Both courses were held
on February 2728, 2015.
n Other SEG activities at PDAC (March
14, 2015) included the SEG Coun-
cil, Foundation Board of Trustees,
Executive Committee, Publications
Board, and SEG
2016 esme,
Turkey Organiz-
ing Committee
meetings at the
Radisson Admiral
Harbourfront
Brian G. Hoal
SEG Executive Director
Hotel Toronto
in the period Feb- and Editor
ruary 27March
2, 2015. The
SEG exhibit booth was handled by J.
Kinnaird, SEG Past President, and SEG
staff member, A. Jamison.
n SEG Foundation Student-Dedicated
Field Trip no. 14, Copper-Gold-Sil-
ver-Molybdenum Metallogeny of
Northern Chile, took place March
614, 2015. Sixteen students from
eight countries and 16 different uni-
versities and two professional mentors
participated. Field trip leaders were W.
Chvez and E. Petersen.
n SEG sponsored the PACRIM 2015
Meeting in Hong Kong, China, March
1821, 2015. The SEG booth was coor-
dinated by Z. Chang and C. Horrigan
(SEG staff).
n SEG held a short course, Geology
of Granite-Greenstone Terranes and
Their Mineral Deposits, at the GAC/
MAC/AGU/CGU Meeting in Mon-
treal, Canada on May 23, 2015. The
course was organized by SEG and its
Student Chapter at McGill. The pre-
senters were F. Robert, H. Gibson, and
K. Howard Poulsen.
n The SEG Forum, Diversity of Carlin-
Style Gold Deposits, was held at
the GSN 2015 Symposium in Reno,
Nevada, USA on Sunday, May 17,
2015. Organizers were J. Muntean
and M. Smith. SEG International
Exchange Lecturer, Andreas Audtat,
was a guest speaker at this event. The
SEG also had a booth coordinated
by S. Simmons and C. Horrigan (SEG
staff). The new SEG Compilation no.
10 CD, Mineral Deposits of Nevada,
was released and sold at the booth.
n SEG sponsored the IX International
Congress of Prospectors and Explorers
(ProEXPLO 2015) in Lima, Peru, May
1820, 2015. SEG keynote speaker
was Honorary Lecturer, K. Heather.
The SEG booth was coordinated by
Jos Arce, SEG Regional VP for South
America.
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 5
n SEG co-sponsored the XXXIII UNES-
CO-SEG-SGA Latin-American Metal-
logeny Course at the University of
Campinas (UNICAMP) in Brazil, July
19, 2015. SEG provided both student
and promotional support. Andreas
Audtat, International Exchange Lec-
turer, was an invited keynote speaker.
Prof. R. Xavier was the organizer for
this event.
n SEG sponsored Chile Explore 2015
in Santiago, Chile, August 1213,
2015. Invited SEG speakers were Hon-
orary Lecturers W. X. Chvez and K.
Heather. The SEG booth was coordi-
nated by J. Arce, W. X. Chvez, and C.
Horrigan (SEG staff).
n SEG sponsored the SEG-Newmont
Workshop, Orogenic Gold, in
Sunyani, Ghana on August 15-16,
2015. R. Goldfarb was the presenter.
n SEG held a pre-meeting short course,
The Geology and Geochemistry of
Gold Deposits Workshop at the SGA
Meeting in Nancy, France on August
22-23, 2015. R. Goldfarb and S. Sim-
mons presented this course. The SEG
also had an exhibit booth at the SGA
Meeting. Several SEG member/fellow
volunteers handled the booth each
day. J. Gutzmer, SEG Regional VP for
Europe, and R. Goldfarb, Publications
Board Chair, supervised the SEG
booth activities.
n The SEG 2015 Conference, World-
Class Ore Deposits: Discovery to
Recovery, was held in Hobart, Tasma-
nia, September 2730, 2015. The con-
ference was jointly hosted by the SEG
and the Centre of Excellence in Ore
Deposits (CODES) at the University of
Tasmania. J. Bruce Gemmell was the
Organizing Committee Chair. This
successful meeting held four pre-con-
ference and two post-conference short
courses and two pre-conference and
three post-conference field trips. A
total of 742 attended from 43 coun-
tries. A student mentoring forum
hosted by BHP Billiton was very well
attended.
n SEG sponsored the XIV Chilean
Geological Congress, Geology for
the XXI Century in La Serena, Chile,
October 48, 2015. Jose Arce, Regional
VP for South America, coordinated
the SEG exhibit booth with W. X.
Chvez and I. Cassidy.
n SEG provided promotional support
for the 3rd Symposium, Igneous
Petrology and Ore Deposits in Rio
Negro Province, Argentina, held
October 1315, 2015.
n SEG provided newsletter advertis-
ing support for the short course on
diamonds and their primary and
secondary sources that was held at the
University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South
Africa, on October 2023, 2015. Course
leaders were M. de Wit and J. Bristow.
n SEG sponsored six sessions at the GSA
2015, Annual Meeting in Baltimore,
Maryland, USA, November 14, 2015.
Jeffrey Mauk was the SEG Meeting
Coordinator. SEG held one post-confer-
ence field trip on November 56, 2015,
entitled, Placer Deposits of the Atlantic
Coastal Plain: Stratigraphy, Sedimen-
tology, Mineral Resources, Mining and
Reclamation. Field trip leaders were R.
Berquist, A. Karst, and A. Shah.
n On November 914, 2015, SEG co-
sponsored the 10th Annual Workshop,
Ore Deposits Models and Explo-
ration, in Xian, Shaanxi, China.
Presenters included S. Scott, J. Scott,
Z. Chang, H. Chen, D. Cooke, R.
Goldfarb, D. Leach, C Li, N. White,
and K. Yang.
n The SEG-WMS (Western Mining
Services) four-day Senior Exploration
Management Course was held at
the SEG Headquarters Course Cen-
ter in Littleton, Colorado, USA, on
December 14, 2015. WMS presenters
included B. Suchomel, J. Hronsky, B.
Margeson, S. Bussey, and J. Welborn.
EDUCATION
The SEG Foundation (SEGF) and the SEG
Canada Foundation (SEGCF) together
awarded US$365,270 in research grants
and fellowships to a total of 80 students
in 16 countries. Out of 147 student
research grant applications received,
SEGF and SEGCF awarded 57 grants for
a total US$190,270 ($66,400 of this was
disbursed from SEGCF). Research Grant
awardees attend 32 different universities
in 14 countries: United States 17, Aus-
tralia 12, Canada 11, China 3, Ger-
many 2, Switzerland 2, South Africa
2, United Kingdom 2, and one each
from Brazil, France, Greece, Italy, Poland,
and Taiwan. In the Graduate Student Fel-
lowship program, a total of US$175,000
was awarded to 23 students and
CDN$30,000 to five students entering
graduate school in 2015, or who were
currently enrolled as first-year graduate
students. Graduate Student Fellowship
recipients attend 17 different universities
in 6 countries, USA 11, Canada 9,
Australia 5, and one each from Ireland,
Philippines, and South Africa.
SEG AWARDS AND
LECTURESHIPS
The SEG Awards program and cere-
mony was held at the SEG-CODES
2015 Conference in Hobart, Tasmania,
Australia, on Wednesday, September 30,
2015, at the Wrest Point Convention
Centre as part of the technical pro-
gram. The following SEG Awards were
presented: R.A.F. Penrose Gold Medal
2014 to James M. Franklin (SF85); SEG
Silver Medal 2014 to Stuart F. Simmons
(F85); Ralph W. Marsden Award 2014
to Mark D. Hannington (FL91); Walde-
mar Lindgren Award 2014 to Simon M.
Jowitt (FL08); Brian J. Skinner Award
2014 to Cornel E.J. de Ronde (F93); SEG
Distinguished Lecturer 2015 to Sar-
ah-Jane Barnes (F93), SEG International
Exchange Lecturer 2015 to Andreas
Audtat (F08), SEG Thayer Lindsley Lec-
turer 2015 to Karen D. Kelley (F81); and
SEG Regional Vice President Lecturer
2015 to Roy McG. Miller (F15), who
could not attend.
International Exchange Lecturer
Andreas Audtat, Senior Scientist at the
Bayerisches Geoinstitut in Bayreuth,
Germany, gave presentations at the
following locations: Etvs University
in Budapest, Hungary; GSN 2015 Sym-
posium in Reno, Nevada, USA (Guest
Speaker); XXXIII UNESCO-SEG-SGA
Latin American Metallogeny Course at
the University of Campinas, Sao Paulo,
Brazil (Invited Keynote Speaker); Uni-
versidade de So Paulo (USP), So Paulo,
Brazil; James Cook University, Towns-
ville, Australia; Australian National
University, Canberra, Australia; Aristo-
tle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh),
Thessaloniki, Greece; University of
Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; and
the Technical University Bergakademie
Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany.
Thayer Lindsley Lecturer
Karen D. Kelley, U.S. Geological Sur-
vey geologist, traveled extensively on
behalf of the SEG. She gave talks at the
following locations: China University
of Geosciences, Beijing, China; Chinese
Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing,
China; Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Colorado
School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA; Uni-
versidad Nacional de Colombia, Medel-
lin, Colombia; Universidad Industrial de
Santander, Bucaramanga,
Colombia; Universidad to page 6 . . .
 6 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
. . . from page 5 Summary of Activities for the Year 2015 (continued)
Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru;
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San
Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Peru; the Wyo-
ming Geological Association in Casper,
Wyoming, USA; University of Adelaide,
Adelaide, South Australia; Monash Uni-
versity, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Arizona
Geological Society and the University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA;
Winnemucca and Elko Chapters of the
Geological Society of Nevada, Elko and
Battle Mountain, Nevada, USA; and the
University of Nevada Reno (UNR), Reno,
Nevada, USA.
Regional Vice President Lecturer
Roy McG. Miller, Consultant in Namibia,
gave presentations at the following
locations in Africa: Geological Society of
Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia; Rhodes
University, Grahamstown, South Africa;
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univer-
sity, Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape,
South Africa, University of Cape Town,
Cape Town, South Africa; University of
Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South
Africa; and the Geological Society of
Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
Distinguished Lecturer
Sarah-Jane Barnes, Canada Research
Chair in Magmatic Metallogeny, Uni-
versit du Qubec Chicoutimi, Canada
and director of LabMaTer gave her Dis-
tinguished Lecture entitled, Trace ele-
ment contents of magmatic sulfide and
oxide mineralshow can we use this
information in ore deposits studies?
at the SEG 2015 Conference in Hobart,
Tasmania, Australia in September 2015.
Dr. Barnes also gave talks at the follow-
ing locations: Commonwealth Scientific
and Industrial Research Organization
(CSIRO), Perth, Western Australia; Uni-
versity of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
South Africa; Cardiff University, Wales,
UK; and the Michigan Technological
University (MTU), Houghton, Michigan,
USA.
Honorary Lecturers
The current list of SEG Honorary Lectur-
ers follows: M. Stephen Enders (Consul-
tant, Denver, Colorado, USA); Richard J.
Goldfarb (US Geological Survey, Denver,
Colorado, USA); William X. Chvez, Jr.
(New Mexico Institute of Mining and
Technology, Socorro, New Mexico);
Michael C. de Wit (BRC Diamond Core,
Irene, South Africa); Mark D. Hanning-
ton (University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON,
Canada); Chusi Li (Indiana University,
Bloomington, Indiana, USA); Jeffrey W.
Hedenquist (Hedenquist Consulting
Inc, Ottawa, Canada); Douglas J. Kirwin
(Consultant, Bangkok, Thailand); Noel
C. White (Consultant, Australia); and
Kevin B. Heather (Regulus Resources
Inc., and Rock Doctor Limitada,
Chile); Daniel G. Wood, (retired and
adjunct professor at The University of
Queensland with the W H Bryan Min-
ing and Geology Research Centre, Aus-
tralia); and Cornel E.J. de Ronde (GNS
Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand).
SEG PUBLICATIONS
Sales revenue of SEG publications
decreased significantly relative to 2014
and consisted overwhelmingly of book-
store orders (84%), the remainder com-
ing from exhibit booth sales. Member
sales accounted for about 78% of total
publication sales. Revenue is attributed
to sales from our listing of 51 different
Guidebooks, 17 Reviews volumes, 18
Special Publications, 11 Monographs,
10 Compilation Series, 27 Videos, 9
Conference Series volumes, as well as
Economic Geology and SEG Newsletter back
issues, the Dummett DVD, 100th Anni-
versary Volume of Economic Geology,
Anniversary Collection DVD (100th, that form part of the Education and
75th, and 50th volumes), SEG 75 Years of
Progress: 19201995, and the Tables for
Opaque Minerals (CD). The most popu-
lar publication in overall unit sales was
Special Publication Number 18, Building
Exploration Capability for the 21st Century,
edited by Kelley and Golden, followed by
Special Publication Number 16, Geology
and Genesis of Major Copper Deposits and
Districts of the World: A Tribute to Richard
H. Sillitoe, edited by Hedenquist, Harris,
and Camus, and Compilation Volume
10, Mineral Deposits of Nevada: A Compi-
lation 19062014, edited by T.B. Thomp-
son. Downloads of e-docs was modest
and lower than in 2014.
Four scheduled issues of the SEG
Newsletter and eight issues of Economic
Geology were released through December
31, 2015. Three new guidebooks (Chile,
Skykesville, Atlantic Placer Deposits),
one compilation (Nevada), and three
videos (Neil Williams, Dan Wood, and
Karen Kelley) have been released. Work
continues on Reviews volume 18 (REE
and critical metals, P. Verplanck, lead
editor), with an expected first quarter
2016 release. Special Publication 19
(Diamonds) is in production. The publi-
cations catalog was updated for the SEG
2015 Conference in Hobart and e-books
started to generate revenue through
the GeoScienceWorld (GSW) subscriber
platform.
Access to SEG publications was
reviewed during the year, resulting in
the availability of Green Open Access
but also removal of SEG copyright
material posted illegally on sites such as
researchgate.net and academia.edu.
MARKETING
SEG exhibited at fewer events than
in 2014 and ran booths at the follow-
ing meetings from January through
December 2015: AME BC Roundup,
Vancouver, Canada; PDAC, Toronto,
Canada; Pacrim, Hong Kong; GSN 2015,
Reno, Nevada, USA; IX International
Congress of Prospectors and Explorers
(ProExplo), Lima, Peru; Chile Explore,
Santiago, Chile; SGA 13th Biennial
Meeting, Nancy, France; XIV Chilean
Congress, La Serena, Chile; and SEG
2015 Conference in Hobart, Tasma-
nia. Marketing campaigns focused on
"SEG 2015: World-Class Ore Deposits:
Discovery to Recovery" in Hobart, Tas-
mania as well as courses and field trips
Training Curriculum. Various advertise-
ments were placed in the SEG Newsletter,
member e-broadcasts, the SEG website,
and social media sites to promote all
aspects of the conference. Additionally,
paid advertisements on SEG 2015 were
placed in The Mining Journal, The
Mining Journal Online Events Website,
Mineweb and Geospectrum and the
conference was further promoted on
several associated society websites and
by organizations that included IAGOD,
AMEBC, Mineralogical Association
of Canada, Geological Association of
Canada, SGA, IUGS, GSA Australia,
GAC, and GSNZ. Flyers, brochures,
course catalogs, membership/fellowship
application forms and publication order
forms/catalogs were available at all
events where SEG had an exhibit booth.
Social media marketing continued to
provide significant visibility for SEG and
our programs with increased participa-
tion on Facebook, LinkedIn (including
a Student Chapters group), Twitter,
Google+, and Instagram. An improved
web page for the combined SEG Foun-
dations was launched to promote the
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 7

. . . from page 6 Summary of Activities for the Year 2015 (continued)

Foundation student programs, encourage donor activity and

overall contributions, and reinforce SEG branding across its
different entities. Much of this activity was underpinned by
significant website, database, and software upgrades, includ-
ing the development of a digital assets system to improve

SEG NEWS
organization and search of Society photos.

EDUCATION AND TRAINING CURRICULUM

SEG and SEGF organized and/or sponsored 15 courses/work-
shops and 9 field trips from January 1 through December 31.
A preliminary course prospectus/catalog for 2015 was posted
on the SEG website in February prior to business meetings in
Toronto. The SEG Course Center received upgrades, includ-
ing a projector with 1920p resolution, improved color, and
higher light output and temperature tolerance, as well as a
wide-format screen.

SEG OFFICE ADMINISTRATION

The office staff complement of twelve persons remained
unchanged. This included two staff on a part-time basis,
effectively reducing the number to 11.5 full-time equiva-
lents. In addition, two contract workers were engaged in
the copyediting of manuscripts for publication but this was
reduced to one by mid-year. A contract worker continues to
fill the role of Program Coordinator in the Education and
Training Committee, while temporary summer workers were
engaged in various tasks related to publications, adminis-
tration, and logistics. Staff changes in January 2016 will
include the discontinuation of the position of Subscriptions
Administrator, and the commencement of a new Executive
Assistant. 1

FROM THE TREASURER

2015 Year-End Summary

The Society ends the year in a sound areas, as well as building maintenance, by 28% due to
financial position in spite of the tur- more than compensating for the lower several significant
moil of the financial markets and the revenue. Net income from Investments contributions from
mining industry. Carefully controlled, of $558,868 was higher than budgeted. individuals. Expens-
reduced expenditures more than offset Net assets declined $750,360, large- es for both General
a modest decline in projected revenues, ly due to a weak investment market and Administrative
resulting in a lesser operating loss than leading to a modest decline in the functions and Pro- Harold J. Noyes
anticipated. This loss was more than investment portfolio value. Financial grams and Services
SEG Treasurer
compensated for by higher than pro- Assets on December 31, 2015, were were well within
jected investment income. Lower than $13,095,491, with Total Assets of budget, totaling
anticipated revenues generally reflect $16,584,845, a decline of about 5.9% about 5.8% under
lower than budgeted publication sales from year-end 2014. budget. Net In-
and lower field trip expense. Expendi- For the Foundation, total contri- come from Investments was $179,988,
tures were down in most of the related butions of $383,038 exceeded budget substantially greater than budgeted.
Total financial assets on December 31,
Year End 2014 SEG, Inc. SEG Foundation, Inc. Total 2015, were $4,139,166. Total Assets at
year-end were $4,308,911, nearly 10%
Revenues/ lower than at year end 2014. This de-
contributions, total $ 1,682,468 $ 383,038 $ 2,065,506 cline reflects a combination of invest-
Expenses, total $ 1,866,801 $ 614,369 $ 2,481,170
ment portfolio value decline and the
Total Value of assets (from
audited financial statements) $16,584,845 $4,308,911 $20,893,756
planned use of some portfolio funds
for Foundation programs. 1
 8 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
PRESIDENTIAL PERSPECTIVE
Recruitment, Retention, and Continuing Professional
Development Through the Troughs
There was no starker reminder of the
current downturn in our industry, if
it was needed at all, than attendance
at the African Mining Indaba in Cape
Town in early February. The cavernous
convention center accommodated wide-
ly spaced booths and demonstration
areas occupied by a few major mining
companies, countries promoting their
metallogenic endowment and admin-
istrative support, and multiple service
providers but a mere smattering (single
figure) of mid-tier and junior compa-
nies. As a networking arena the Indaba
played a useful role but cash conser-
vation is the name of the game in the
exploration industry and will remain so
for some time to come, although one-
on-one meetings with potential inves-
tors (fund managers, royalty companies,
metal streamers, and the like) in a paral-
lel 1-2-1 forum did give some indica-
tions that the industry is moving from
the vulture-carcass stage to something a
little more positivegood projects will
get funded but project economics will
have to be exceptional. By the time you
read these comments PDAC will have
come and gone and we will all have
another bellwether perspective but there
is little doubt that our industry still has
some tough times ahead.
In my previous Perspective column,
I commented on the fact that the SEG
is widely known and respected for
the quality of its publications but also
reminded all of us, myself included,
that the Society provides considerable
training opportunities for all its mem-
bers, ranging from undergraduate and
postgraduate level through early-career
economic geologists to senior-level
managers. In fact, this is one of the
key incentives for joining the Society
in the first placebut that brings its
own responsibilities to deliver on such
implied promises and thus ensure that
our industry continues to receive the in-
flux of well-trained young geoscientists
that are critical to its future. However,
through the innovation and hard work
of the Student Affairs Committee and
the closely entwined activities of the
Education and Training and Conference
committees, this training continues
to be delivered at all levels. Lets not
forget, also, that without the extensive
fund-raising efforts and careful financial
management of the SEG Foundation and
SEG Canada Foundation, much of this
support would not be possible. Sharing
of objectives and development of coordi-
nated strategies by the Foundations and
Committees will be key to delivering this
support to the younger members.
BUT what kind of training is rele-
vant, who should be the recipients, and
how should it be delivered to our 7,000
members and to potential new recruits
around the world? As I mentioned in my
previous contribution, I firmly believe
that one of the most important assets
of the Society is its voluntary network
of Regional Vice Presidents, and these
are the best-placed people to provide
us with the answers to such questions.
There is no simple modus operandi that
will be effective across all the diverse ge-
ographies, languages, and cultures where
the Society already has established foot-
prints, and we also have to recognize
these footprints are somewhat limited in
some regions. As a consequence, James
Macdonald, VP for Regional Affairs, and
I have now begun a process of consulta-
tion with the Regional VPs to establish,
among other things, what education-
al institutions could be targeted for
recruitment of members and support
for the training of economic geologists,
what other institutions (such as geolog-
ical surveys, mining bureaus, multilat-
eral agencies) might benefit from the
Societys extended reach, and which
exploration and mining companies are
active in their respective regions and
what training courses would be the most
relevant to meet their corporate needs?
There would also be an anticipation of
developing synergies between targeted
institutions/companies and the Society
that we hope could lead to long-term
sustainability of relationships via mutu-
ally agreed objectives.
Along with this enthusiasm for out-
reach it should be recognized that our
Regional VPs are only seven in number
and this is potentially a big demand on
people who also have day jobs! This was
brought home to me during a welcome
catch-up in Cape Town with Mike
Venter, VP for Africa, while attending
Indaba. Mike made
the very obvious
point that Africa is
a very large place
(!) and that no one Robert P. Foster
person could possi- SEG President 2016
bly deliver the kind
of detailed regional
insights that the
Society is looking for. Consequently, an-
other linked initiative we have in mind
is the widening of the regional network
by seeking members of the Society who
would be prepared to act informally as
sub-regional or even country repre-
sentatives. This is an aspect that the
Regional VPs will consider but, if you
are reading this column and would be
prepared to offer your services, then
your Regional VP would be extremely
pleased to hear from you.
I cant sign off on this Perspective
without personally endorsing the kind
of initiative reported by Rogelio Monre-
al in the previous SEG Newsletteras a
member of faculty of the University of
Sonora and a Member of the Mexican
Mining, Metallurgical, and Geological
Engineers Association, he has made
huge strides in introducing high-school
children in Mexico to the mining indus-
try and its importance to his country.
This, in turn, naturally leads to a wider
public perception of the value of a
buoyant mining industry while at the
same time alerting young people to the
opportunities for careers in the indus-
tryand ultimately the importance of
being members of professional bodies
such as the SEG. This kind of wider
outreach provides a sound platform for
both SEG and our industry to thrive.
Ultimately, this is all about the Soci-
ety living up to its commitment to its
membersto provide focus and incen-
tivisation for the next generation of en-
thusiastic and well-trained new gradu-
ates and at the same time ensuring that
those who have taken their first career
steps in economic geology have access
to the level of training that (1) supports
the objectives of future employers and
(2) ensures that early-career profession-
als are ready to play a role in the future
of our industrylong after the current
downturn is a distant memory! 1
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 9
F O U N D AT I O N P R E S I D E N T I A L P E R S P E C T I V E
SEG Programs Take Advantage of the Downturn
Even with the current downturn, excite-
ment always builds in the industry in
early March as the PDAC in Toronto
approaches. This annual meeting serves
as a benchmark for how the industry
is doing from a financial perspective.
It is also an opportunity to meet with
colleagues from around the world,
hear about the latest discoveries or
how projects are advancing, and learn
about the latest innovations shaping
our industry. There is always a healthy
dose of optimism in Toronto, making
many wonder in times like these where
this comes from. From the exploration
side of the business, such optimism is a
core trait of the explorationistwhen
discovery success is the rare exception,
one needs a healthy dose of optimism
to approach each new opportunity with
enthusiasm and a discovery spirit. As if
scripted by the PDAC itself, the small
increase in commodity prices in the
week preceding PDAC gives us hope of
better times ahead.
The SEG takes advantage of this
meeting to convene annual meet-
ings of its Foundations and the many
committees that make SEG tick. I
am always amazed at the number of
dedicated volunteers that make SEG
such a successful organization. In the
January Newsletter, I mentioned the
need for SEG and its two Foundations
to collaborate more closely in the area
of fund-raising. There are some great
ideas floating around and these were
discussed between the three groups in
Toronto. I look forward to sharing the
outcome of these meetings with you in
the next Newsletter.
An unfortunate outcome of the
cyclical downturns in the mining
industry is the increase in the number
of unemployed geoscientists and lack
of opportunities for recent graduates.
One of the questions that I always ask
students during interviews is how com-
mitted they are to a career in economic
geology. It is times like now when that
commitment is testedif you are truly
committed, stay the course and contin-
ue to develop your skills and interests
and take advantage of the mentoring
opportunities that SEG provides. When
the market turns, you will be well geology. Although
positioned to take advantage of new Dick had amazing
opportunities that emerge. intellect, it was his
SEG and its many programs serve insatiable curiosity
industry, academia, and government for geology and ore
organizations with publications on deposits that fueled
leading-edge research in economic his enthusiasm.
David L. Kelley
geology, symposia covering the full This led him to all SEG Foundation
range of disciplines fundamental to the parts of the globe, President 2016
science and business of mining, short often with a group
courses and workshops covering a broad made up equally of
spectrum of relevant topics, and field students and industry geologists. These
trips that bring its members to the ore field trips were legendaryusually three
face. The common thread across the weeks in length, they incorporated
broad membership that makes up SEG regional geology with ore deposits; Dick
is the need to build the organization was adamant about understanding the
with well-trained geoscientists. Much of full geologic context to understand how
this training comes from the academic the ore deposits formed. He often had
institutions themselves, but additional unconventional and controversial ideas
education, training, and skills devel- that sparked considerable debate (even
opment comes from societies like SEG. to this day!). He always presented his
During industry downturns like we are arguments in well-articulated and con-
in now, there is much to gain by getting vincing ways. Even if you did not be-
involved in the various SEG programs, lieve his argument, it was fascinating to
either as a volunteer or as a participant. watch Dicks thought process. Dick was
As Bob Foster mentioned in his last also fun to be aroundloved to play his
Presidential address, con- ukulele and sing
tinuing professional develop- Editors note: Dicks family songs as a way to
ment is a core strength of the suggests that those wishing to liven up the party.
Society that benefits all of its remember him may contribute to He will always be
members, not just students. a fund of their choosing. Those remembered by his
No one knows for certain how wishing to do so through SEG can students for taking
send a check to the SEG Founda-
long this current downturn a genuine interest
tion General Fund in his name.
will last, but one thing for Unfortunately, online contributions
in their education
certain is that it will end, and cannot designate a memorial and spending the
highly skilled geoscientists name; please send to the Society time to ensure
will once again be in demand. of Economic Geologists, 7811 they understood
Id like to close by remem- Shaffer Parkway, Littleton, CO what he was trying
bering one of our great inspi- 80127, USA. to teach. Dick
rational leaders that recently received the SEG
passed and a person that had a pro- Silver Medal in 1985, the SEG R.A.F.
found influence on my own career. The Penrose Gold Medal in 2005, and was
sad news this past month of Dr. Richard inducted into the Canadian Mining
Dick Hutchinsons death brought Hall of Fame in 2006. With over 60
back a flood of great memories. I had published papers, his contribution to
the fortunate honor of studying at the economic geology will live on, but
Colorado School of Mines during Dicks mostly it will be through the many
tenure there. I think most professionals geologists that he inspired throughout
can identify a moment in their career his career. Not surprising, Dick was a
when a single individual provided the frequent donor to the Student Field
inspiration to pursue a career path that Trip Fund and the Graduate Fellowship
beforehand may not have been so clear. Fund. We discussed ways that we can
That person for me was Dick Hutchin- honor this great man during our meet-
son. I had never before met someone ings in Toronto. 1
with so much enthusiasm for economic
 10 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
SEG General Fund
$20,000
Anonymous Donors
$10,000
Ireland, George, USA
$2,000
Reid, William, USA
$300$500 Boutes, Georges, France
Cluer, J. Kelly, USA
Hawkins, Robert, USA
Kesler, Stephen, USA
Patton, Thomas, USA
$100$250 Bryndzia, L. Taras, USA
Beck, Frederick, USA
Belther, Jones, Brazil
Bernab Evans, Pablo, Chile
Castillo, Boris, Chile
Cooper, Christopher,
Scotland
Dail, Christopher, USA
Davidson, Donald, USA
Goryachev, Nikolay, Russia
Hernandez Pinto, Edmundo,
Chile
Hitzman, Murray, USA
Hodkiewicz, Paul, Australia
Ilchik, Robert, Australia
Jara Montenegro, Jose,
Chile
Large, Duncan, Germany
Lesher, C. Michael, Canada
Longo, Anthony, USA
Montgomery, Joseph,
Canada
Mupande, Jean Felix, Congo
Parry, John, USA
Pop, Nicolae, Canada
Potucek, Tony, USA
Queen, Lawrence, Australia
Quijano Laime, Freddy,
Ecuador
Rotert, Joel, USA
Rusk, Brian, USA
Rye, Robert, USA
Schulz, Klaus, USA
Simmons, Stuart, USA
Skinner, Brian, USA
Stiles, Craig, USA
Struhsacker, Eric, USA
Swarthout, Andrew, USA
Taylor, Anthony, USA
Williams, Neil, Australia
Zierenberg, Robert, USA
Up to $99
Anning, Peter, United
Kingdom
Appold, Martin, USA
Thank you for your generous contributions to the Society and the SEG Foundation.
Arauzo, Luis, Peru
Bailey, Robert, USA
Banda, Maliro, Zambia
Bandrowski, Michael,
Canada
Beale, Timothy, Canada
Beckley, Richard, Australia
Bersch, Michael, USA
Bickel, Jeffrey, USA
Bookstrom, Arthur, USA
Bowell, Robert, United
Kingdom
Bradley, Mark, USA
Bradshaw, Herbert, USA
Briones, Jose, Philippines
Burt, Donald, USA
Canales, Juan, Peru
Carnier, Alexandre, Brazil
Bear Creek Mining Corp.,
Conelea, Radu, USA
Conway, Clay, USA
Craig, Lindsay, USA
Davis, Mark, United
Kingdom
Dilles, John, USA
Farmer, Lucian, USA
Foster, Robert, USA
Fournier, Robert, USA
Gendall, Ian, Canada
Gillerman, Virginia, USA
Gostevskikh, Alex, Canada
Graf, Joseph, USA
Guerrero M., Tomas, Peru
Hammarstrom, Jane, USA
Hinds, D. Mackenzie, USA
Hoye, Jonathon, Australia
Kalliokoski, Jorma, USA
Kay, Suzanne, USA
Komar, Vasily, Russia
Koski, Randolph, USA
Kozhushko, Gennadiy, USA
Li, Yike, China
Lopez, Leonel, USA
Lowenstern, Jacob, USA
Ludington, Stephen, USA
McEllen, Andrew, USA
Melgar-Pauca, M. Joel, Peru
Moore, Jonathan, USA
Moore, Stephen, USA
Moorhead, Colin, Australia
Ogata, Takeyuki, Japan
Olmore, Stephen, USA
Ortiz Ramos, Giovanny,
Colombia
Postlethwaite, Clay, USA
Pride, Douglas, USA
Rosado Zeballos, Pedro,
Peru
Saadat, Saeed, USA
Schaffranek, Martin, USA
Scott, Elizabeth, USA
Contributions 11/1/20151/31/2016
Shimizu, Toru, Japan
Sicoli Seoane, J. Carlos,
Brazil
Spivey, Martin, Australia
Stanton-Cook, Kim,
Australia
Tavora, Flavio, Brazil
Trappeniers, Geert, Belgium
Udubasa, Sorin, Romania
van Maastrigt, Peter,
Netherlands Seedorff, Eric, USA
Villa-Iglesias, Luis, Spain
Whiteford, Sean, USA
Zapana Yanarico, Eddy, Peru
SEG Foundation
General Fund
Up to $10,100
Arauz, Alejandro, Costa
Canada
Swarthout, Andrew, USA
$9,000 Coppard, James, United
Black, John, USA
$2,000
Reid, William, USA
Ruff, Randall, Italy
$500
Christensen, Odin, USA
Hawkins, Robert, USA
Innovest Portfolio Solu-
tions, LLC., USA
Suchomel, Barton, USA
$100$250
Babcock, Russell, USA
Belkin, Harvey, USA
Belther, Jones, Brazil
Dail, Christopher, USA
Davidson, Donald, USA
Flawn, Peter, USA
Glavinovich, Paul, USA
Hammer, Donald, USA
Hitzman, Murray, USA
Hodkiewicz, Paul, Australia
Jennings, Donald, USA
Large, Duncan, Germany
Lipske, Joanna, USA
Little, Mary, USA
Mauk, Jeffrey, USA
Myers, Russell, USA
Postlethwaite, Clay, USA
Rye, Robert, USA
Struhsacker, Eric, USA
Up to $99
Beale, Timothy, Canada
Collins, William, USA
Craig, Lindsay, USA
Davis, Steven, USA
Erickson, A., USA
Fontbot, Llus, Switzerland Lisenbee, Alvis, USA
Fournier, Robert, USA
Hoye, Jonathon, Australia
Jacob, Leonard, USA
Laidlaw, Robert, USA
Noronha, Fernando,
Portugal
Parker, Harry, USA
Robertson, Jacques, USA
Smith, Shea, USA
Wallace, Chester, USA
Willden, C. Ronald, USA
Wire, Jeremy, USA
Zohar, Pamela, USA
Discovery Fund
$100$200
Rica
Bradford, Jack, USA
Kingdom
Evans, Michael, South Africa
Haynes, Douglas, Australia
Hoye, Jonathon, Australia
Idziszek, Chet, Canada
Up to $99
Beckley, Richard, Australia
Hall, David, Ireland
Hayston, Paul, Brazil
Pierson, John, USA
Smith, Stuart, Chile
Hugo T. Dummett
Fund
$100$250
Brimhall, George, USA
Brown, H. Gassaway, USA
Chuwa, Gerald, Tanzania
Cocker, Mark, USA
Diallo, Madani, France
Hoag, Corolla, USA
Hoye, Jonathon, Australia
Koutz, Fleetwood, USA
Maynard, James, USA
Pohl, Demetrius, USA
Thomas, Rodney, Canada
Up to $99
Bilenker, Laura, USA
Clements, Brooke, Canada
Danne, Torsten, Peru
Flood, Zachary, Canada
Gosse, Richard, Canada
Hall, Denis, USA
Hauck, Steven, USA
Henderson, Frederick, USA
James, Laurence, USA
Kekana, Sello, South Africa
Little, Mary, USA
Mancuso, Thomas, USA
Mango, Helen, USA
McLean, Neil, Australia
Preece, Richard, USA
Rosta, Zsolt, USA
Schafer, Robert, USA
Seedorff, Eric, USA
Steed, Geoffrey, United
Kingdom
Tyrwhitt, David, Australia
Walsham, Bruce, United
Kingdom
Wurst, Andrew, Canada
Hickok-Radford
Fund
$100$150
Bundtzen, Thomas, USA
Freeman, Lawrence, USA
Galey, John, USA
Graham, Garth, USA
Kurtak, Joseph, USA
Myers, Russell, USA
Siron, Chris, USA
Thurston, Peter, USA
Up to $99
Cox, Bruce, USA
Doyle, Elizabeth, USA
Eng, Tony, USA
Hall, Denis, USA
Hawley, Charles, USA
Hedderly-Smith, David,
USA
Hoye, Jonathon, Australia
Myers, James, USA
Price, Jason, USA
van der Stijl, Frank, Sweden
West, Andrew, USA
Hugh E. McKinstry
Fund
$1,000
Knight, Richard, USA
$300
Lipske, Joanna, USA
$100$200
Jones, Richard, USA
Kriewaldt, Michael,
Australia
Moncada, Daniel, Chile
Myers, Harold, USA
Naden, Jonathan, United
Kingdom
Westervelt, Thomas, USA
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 11
Contributions (continued)
Up to $99
Einaudi, Marco, USA
Feinstein, Michael, USA
Hawley, Charles, USA
Henderson, Frederick, USA
Jesus, Ana Patricia, Portugal
Lecumberri Sanchez, Pilar,
Switzerland
MacIntyre, Timothy, USA
Ogungbuyi, Ibiyemi, South Africa
Perkin, Donald, Australia
Phillips, Allison, USA
Schatz, Oliver, Canada
Thuy, Pham, Taiwan
Timothy Nutt Fund
$600
Thomson, Brian, Brazil
Up to $125
Angus, Raymond, Australia
Deane, John, South Africa
Lee, Christopher, South Africa
Moody, Ian, Australia
Thamm, Albert, Australia
Up to $99
Bowell, Robert, United Kingdom
Hall, David, Ireland
Hlabangana, Sitshengiso, Zimbabwe
McClave, Michael, USA
Nowak, Gregory, USA
Ray, Gerald, Canada
Robb, Laurence, United Kingdom
Schafer, Robert, USA
Student Field Trip Fund
$5,000
Putnam, Borden, USA
$1,000
Cook, Brent, USA
Seavoy, Ronald, USA
$100$300
Bell, Peter, United Kingdom
Brown, H. Gassaway, USA
Chevillon, C., USA
Dail, Christopher, USA
Doyle, Martin, United Kingdom
Duncan, David, Canada
Fletcher, Timothy, United Kingdom
Fonseca, Anna, Canada
Goryachev, Nikolay, Russia
Graf, Joseph, USA
Groves, David, USA
Heidrick, Tom, USA
Ihlen, Peter, Norway
Kyle, J. Richard, USA
Lehmann, Jon, USA
Lipske, Joanna, USA
Loranger, Robert, USA
Maynard, Stephen, USA
Newell, Roger, USA
Odette, Jason, USA
Poulsen, K. Howard, Canada
Powell, Jon, USA
Price, Barry, Canada
Riedell, K. Brock, Canada
Rotert, Joel, USA
Rusk, Brian, USA
Smith, Stuart, Chile
Underwood, David, South Africa
Van Treeck, Christopher, USA
Wyatt, Christopher, USA
Up to $99
Anning, Peter, United Kingdom
Beate, Bernardo, Ecuador
Beckley, Richard, Australia
Belkin, Harvey, USA
Bowell, Robert, United Kingdom
Bradley, Mark, USA
Burgoa Videla, Cristian, Chile
Canby, Vertrees, USA
Craig, Lindsay, USA
Daroch, Giancarlo, Chile
Diaz Unzueta, Raul, USA
Dohms, Peter, USA
Drieberg, Susan, USA
Dykeman, Candace, USA
Erlfeldt, Asa, Sweden
Fellows, Michael, Australia
Garcia, Carlos, Mexico
Gordon, Paul, Ireland
Gorzynski, George, Canada
Hasselquist, Tyson, USA
Hayston, Paul, Brazil
Hedderly-Smith, David, USA
Hitzman, Murray, USA
Hughes, Charles, Australia
James, Laurence, USA
Jennings, Keenan, United Kingdom
Koski, Randolph, USA
Leal Machuca, Jorge, Chile
LeLacheur, Eric, USA
Li, Jian-Wei, China
Madcharo, Michael, USA
Mendoza Villero, Fabio, Colombia
Mezaki, Kent, Japan
Moran, Patrick, Canada
Newell, Roger, USA
Ogata, Takeyuki, Japan
Paterson, Colin, USA
Polozov, Alexander, Russia
Postlethwaite, Clay, USA
Pudack, Claudia, Switzerland
Rapprecht, Rachel, USA
Reardon, Nancy, Australia
Rueda, Hernando, Mexico
Shaw, Eleanor, United Kingdom
Sicoli Seoane, J. Carlos, Brazil
Sidder, Gary, USA
Taguchi, Sachihiro, Japan
van Oss, Hendrik, USA
Zohar, Pamela, USA
Graduate Student
Fellowship Fund
$10,000
Black, John, USA
$1,000
Seavoy, Ronald, USA
$100$250
Birak, Donald, USA
Byrne, Kevin, Canada
Heidrick, Tom, USA
Loayza, Carlos, Peru
McCutcheon, Timothy, USA
Powell, Jon, USA
Rusk, Brian, USA
Up to $99
Fedortchouk, Yana, Canada
Hanchar, John, Canada
Hauck, Steven, USA
Klyukin, Yury, USA
LeLacheur, Eric, USA
Ogata, Takeyuki, Japan
Ootes, J.J. Luke, Canada
Polozov, Alexander, Russia
Primaleon, Nick Vily, Philippines
Randall, Scott, New Zealand
Seedorff, Eric, USA
Sheehan, Linda, USA
van Oss, Hendrik, USA
Wicklein, Phillip, USA
Yecyec, Paul Asthor, Philippines
Alberto Terrones L. Fund
$100$150
Baumgartner, Regina, Peru
Enriquez, Erme, Mexico
Griffith, David, USA
Guerrero M., Tomas, Peru
Up to $99
James, Laurence, USA
Seedorff, Eric, USA
Tristram, Esme, Chile
Canada Foundation
$1,000
Franklin, James, Canada
$300$500
Brubacher, Scott, Canada
Reeve, Edward, Canada
Sangster, Donald, Canada
$100$250
Alldrick, Dani, Canada
Blann, David, Canada
Brisbin, Daniel, Canada
Collins, Michael, Canada
Corey, Michael, Canada
Dion, Claude, Canada
Fischl, Peter, Canada
Fonseca, Anna, Canada
Goryachev, Nikolay, Russia
Hannington, Mark, Canada
Hattori, Keiko, Canada
Hocking, Michael, United Kingdom
Jefferson, Charles, Canada
Lavoie, Sebastien, USA
Lydon, John, Canada
Pearson, William, Canada
Pop, Nicolae, Canada
Poulsen, K. Howard, Canada
Rebagliati, C. Mark, Canada
Riedell, K. Brock, Canada
Robb, Malcolm, Canada
Shearer, Johan, Canada
Simpson, Kirstie, Canada
Stockford, Howard, Canada
Walford, Phillip, Canada
Up to $99
Arauzo, Luis, Peru
Bardoux, Marc, Canada
Chartrand, Francis, Canada
Copeland, David, Canada
Dearin, Charles, Canada
Fournier, Antoine, Canada
French, Andrew, Canada
Gauthier, Michel, Canada
Geusebroek, Philip, Canada
Gorzynski, George, Canada
Grywul, Ryan, Canada
Hawley, Charles, USA
Jebrak, Michel, Canada
Lake, John, Canada
Marsden, Henry, Canada
Mersereau, Terry, Canada
Ootes, J.J. Luke, Canada
Rees, Matthew, Canada
Sharman, Elizabeth, Canada
Smith, Scott, Canada
Stewart, Peter, Canada
Thurston, Phillips, Canada
Zentilli, Marcos, Canada
Contributions
in memory of
Richard W. Hutchinson
(SEGF General Fund):
Karen D. and
David L. Kelley
$500
Checks in memory of
Dick can be sent to the
Society of Economic
Geologists Foundation,
7811 Shaffer Parkway,
Littleton, CO 80127.
 12 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016

SEG Canada Foundaon

Corporate Sponsors
2015

Novo Resources
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 13

Views columns are the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the SEG.

VIEWS
Geological Mapping in Exploration:
A View from the Trenches
Nick J. Callan (SEG 2015 F), NJC Geological and Exploration Services EIRL,
Huerfanos 1160, of. 1101, Santiago, Chile
Nick J. Callan
INTRODUCTION be positioned at the very forefront the property-scale
discovery process? target defini-
Kevin Heathers (SEG 1998 F) presen-
A large part of the debate as to tion to detailed
tation at the September 2015 Chile-
the underlying causes for the general deposit-scale studies, ore resource defini-
Explore Congress, entitled The Lost
demise of geological field skills has tion, and geotechnical work. Indeed,
Art of Geological Mapping: Should We
focused on issues at the university they concluded that geological mapping
Care?, regrettably came as no surprise
level (e.g., fieldwork reduction due to would remain an essential part of the
to me, although I have to admit to
funding cuts and increased liability, exploration and discovery process in the
being more than a little disappointed.
changes in undergraduate curricula foreseeable future.
Most senior explorationists, I suspect,
to more closely reflect the broadening Most of us, at some stage of our
would probably share these sentiments.
range of geological disciplines to serve careers, have probably mapped at the
Geological mapping is, after all, the very
wider needs of society, an emphasis on district, property, or deposit scale, where
embodiment of all the basic field skills
rapidly publishable experimental and the concept of visualization in order
we learn as geologists, and the simple
modeling research at the expense of to target mineralization can be most
fact is that the alarm bells have been
more costly field-based studies, etc.). useful. Wood (2006) defines visualiza-
sounding loudly for some time now in
The mining industry has responded by tion (in the context of exploration)
our industry: basic field geological skills
promoting its specific technical and skill as the ability to assemble often rather
have been lost in the emerging genera-
set requirements at university level via disparate observations and exploration
tion of exploration geologists.
collaborative research, student training data in order to create a 3-D mental
As a geologist with some 30 years of
initiatives, and funding programs. image of the perceived target, and thus
experience in the exploration and min-
The focus of this Views contribution vector toward ore. Geological mapping
ing industry, almost entirely in a field-
is to examine several internal industry remains a fundamental first step in this
based technical capacity, I have always
issues which I believe have contributed visualization process, bringing together
maintained that careful geological
to falling standards of geological field- diverse geological observations in their
mapping, based on sound observation,
work, and which have become apparent true spatial (and temporal) context
is one of the cornerstones of successful
to me during extensive time spent in and thus providing initialand often
exploration. Indeed, given that our
the field in a consulting capacity for very significantconstraints on the
industry is founded on combinations
numerous major, mid-tier, and junior architecture of mineralized systems and
of fortuitous geological phenomena in
companies. the likely location of ore within these
a complex framework, why would geo-
systems. Geological maps, as well as
logical mapping and field geology not
interpretive cross sections derived from
THE IMPORTANCE OF them, represent the initial stages of the
Nick graduated with a B.Sc. in geology
GOOD GEOLOGY all-important modeling and targeting
from Oxford University in 1985 and A thorough read of articles such as process. Integration of ancillary data
afterward undertook an M.Sc. at the those by Proffett (2004), Brimhall et al. (e.g., geochemical, geophysical, and
University of Toronto, researching (2006), and Marjoribanks (2010) should spectral data, etc.) adds an essential,
Archean shear zone-hosted gold dispel any doubts that explorationists holistic, multidisciplinary approach
deposits. His broad industry experience might have as to the importance of geo- that further enhances the process.
includes project and senior geologist logical mapping in the exploration and However, without the geology much of
positions with Cominco and AngloGold, mining business. All these authors are this important ancillary data may lose
as well as senior technical positions with seasoned geological mappers and widely value, perhaps be rendered meaningless,
several prominent junior companies. respected explorationists. As discussed or possibly be strikingly misleading.
Since 2001 he has been based in by Brimhall et al. (2006), the value of The geological map thus should be the
Santiago, Chile, providing largely field geological mapping is actually very hard logical starting point for most explora-
oriented geological consulting services to overestimate: geological maps guide tion programs, though, absurdly, this is
throughout Latin America, as well as in strategy and decision-making at virtu- often not the case.
E. Europe, Asia, and Australasia.
ally every stage of the discovery process, There has been a
E-mail: njcallan@yahoo.co.uk

from regional terrain selection through significant shift of to page 14 . . .
 14 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
. . . from page 13 VIEWSGeological Mapping in Exploration: A View from the Trenches (continued)
exploration focus recently to partially
or, in some cases, completely covered
terrains where indirect methods (prin-
cipally geophysical) provide the only
realistic means of targeting. Regardless, I
suspect that the majority of exploration
projects worldwide encompass variable
amounts of outcrop where mapping
can still provide significant geological
insight.
ALLEVIATING THE
SITUATION
A clear message from industry
I expect that most senior exploration
managers would concur to a large
degree with the arguments above and,
thus, a very clear message that affirms
the importance of good-quality geolog-
ical fieldwork and mapping is needed.
Some companies promote this message
very well, others less so. My personal
experience indicates that, quite often,
project geologists with several years
experience working for major compa-
nies are surprisingly deficient in basic
mapping and field geological skills.
Similarly, many company maps I review
during consulting assignments and
property evaluations (mainly, though by
no means exclusively, in Latin America)
seem to lack many of the fundamental
attributes of well-crafted, coherent and,
most importantly, exploration-oriented
geological maps. This cannot bode well
for any subsequent exploration efforts.
So are senior managers carrying the
geological flag and is the message
really getting across?
A return to field-based
mentoring and training
This message of reinforcing the value
of high-quality geological fieldwork
requires complementary action on the
part of senior management if it is to be
effective. Valuable in-field mentoring of
junior geologists by more senior staff
which characterized many of the larger
mining companies of yorehas all but
died out, particularly with consolida-
tion of the mining business and the
commensurate reduction in the num-
ber of large mining houses having the
wherewithal to develop and maintain a
high standard of in-house, field-based
training. This needs to be reinstigated
either as in-house mentoring using
company know-how or, particularly in
the case of the smaller companies with
more limited resources, by regularly
bringing in experienced field-oriented
consultant geologists for staff training.
Taking advantage of the multitude of
economic geology-oriented field trips
now available can further support these
efforts.
Geological mapping is a very particu-
lar blend of science and art, but is a skill
that actually can be taught; however,
mapping ability, like any acquired skill,
will depend on experience and con-
tinual practice. In recent years, I have
been increasingly called on to undertake
applied geological mapping courses
for both major and junior companies
in various jurisdictions. Clients who
request this training (a) recognize that
discovery is only going to be made in
the field and that geologists, therefore,
should be active in the field, (b) show
an unwavering commitment to techni-
cal geological excellence, (c) are aware
of the added value that ongoing field
training of their geological teams pro-
vides, and (d) generally offer long-term
job stability and incentives, minimizing
the chances that their highly trained
staff will defect to higher bidders in
the boom times. Most serious mining
companies surely would aspire to these
corporate philosophies.
The role of senior geologists
Senior company geologists need to
occupy a position at the technical and
creative epicenter of their exploration
groups and adopt a more active role in
transferring their knowledge and experi-
ence to junior geological staff, including
a prominent supervisory role in the
field, as was the case when I started out
on my career in the late 1980s. More
recently, I have quite often seen junior
project geologists ploughing a lonely
furrow and struggling to get to grips
with technical aspects of the geology. A
healthy balance between office respon-
sibilities and the field needs to be agreed
on between senior geologists and higher
management, with the latter recogniz-
ing the value and importance of time
spent in the field by their more experi-
enced geological staff.
The right stuff for the job
Human nature dictates that not all geol-
ogists are going to make great field geol-
ogists and mappers, and colleagues have
recently reminded me that reluctant
mappers have, in fact, always existed!
The ever expanding range of increas-
ingly sophisticated tools available to the
exploration geologist, many of which
are developing into quite specialized
subjects of their own, has provided
unparalleled scope for career special-
ization that caters to all tastes: spectral
studies, image analysis, lithogeochemis-
try, database management/GIS, and 3-D
data modeling are prime examples. This
specialization is likely to increase in the
future with further emerging technol-
ogy, and the need for well-coordinated
teamwork, if exploration is to be really
effective, has never been greater.
Even though, as geologists, we might
aspire to be jacks-of-all-trades, it is
now virtually impossible for individu-
als to master all the multidisciplinary
techniques employed in exploration.
Not surprisingly, the highly computer
literate digital-age generation tends to
gravitate toward activities incorporating
this technology; geological mapping,
while, to some extent, also moving with
the digital age, might seem rather low
tech by comparison. The corollary to
this tendency is that those geologists
passionate about field geology and
determined to remain active in the field
are, in effect, also becoming specialists
in their own right. The industry needs
to recognize these individuals early on
and keep them motivated in their field-
based activities via ongoing training,
promotion, and rewards on a par with
other specialists in the exploration
team, as well as those in senior manage-
rial roles. A technical career path should
never be regarded as inferior in any way.
Computers and new technology...
just more tools, really
My personal perception is that the
decline in field geological and mapping
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 15
skills correlates very strongly with the
ascendancy of the computer in the arse-
nal of tools available to the geologist
and, understandably, the latter holds
strong appeal to the younger, digi-
tal-savvy generation of explorationists.
There is clearly a strong temptation to
avoid or postpone the rigors of the field,
deferring instead to computer-based
work, with all its high-tech appeal,
in the comfort of the office. This will
be further fuelled, to some extent, by
emerging technologies under develop-
ment in response to the ever-increasing
challenge of finding the remaining
orebodies, many under cover and in
deep-Earth settings.
Computing is an increasingly pow-
erful tool in what we do and invaluable
for integrating disparate information,
but this should never be at the expense
of the up-front fieldwork and collection
of hard data that are relevant and reli-
able. Much of the data we process still
have to be collected by humans in the
field, where the geological context can
be clearly documented. Of course, ever
more sophisticated in-field technology
for digital data capture is now available
for the digitally minded field geologist
if s/he wishes to go that route. Brimhall
et al. (2006) have even suggested that
digital field-mapping technology may in
fact help attract the younger generation
of geologists to fieldwork; this might be
true, although I suspect most committed
geological mappers are actually driven
by other personal motivating factors.
However, technology should never
become a distraction from the basic
objectives. Both low-tech geological
mapping and, for example, high-tech
analyses of minerals in distal alteration
halos are simply tools and methods
which should be selected or combined
on the basis of which in the end pro-
vides the most effective approachi.e.,
gets to the ore deposit quickly and
efficiently, given the particular scenario.
It is important that field-based geo-
logical mapping, where relevant and
feasible, is not unnecessarily eclipsed
by other tools simply because the latter
are technologically more sophisticated.
Considerable advances can still be
gained in most exploration situations
from low-tech mapping, coupled with
insightful modeling.
Computers simply organize and
display data andwhile of tremendous
assistance, particularly with multiple
data setsthey do not do the hard
thinking or drive the imagination. This
must come from the geologist. As dis-
cussed by Wood (2010), geological inter-
pretation and the thought that goes
into the accompanying visualization/
targeting process foster a very particular
form of creativity that is perhaps unique
to resource discovery. This capability to
visualize the orebody existed well before
computers came on the scene and will
become increasingly important in the
next generation of deeper discoveries.
Being effective in the field
A recurrent issue reported by young
staff and project geologists is the ever
more limited time available to devote to
technical work in the field. On numer-
ous projects I have been involved with,
project geologists keen to get out and
map are frequently swamped with other
often nontechnical responsibilities,
including logistical and organizational
tasks, as well as data management,
monthly reports, and lengthy prepara-
tion of presentation material. Time-in-
tensive geological mapping is thus
relegated to the bottom of the pile
and then frequently conducted in very
piecemeal fashion, with all the inherent
problems of continuity and consis-
tency. The solution here is delegation of
nonessential tasks and sensible prioriti-
zation of essential tasks. It is appreciated
that the ever-present pressure of finite
resources weighs heavily, particularly on
the juniors, but the use of technical staff
for nontechnical responsibilities clearly
constitutes very inefficient exploration
practice.
Constraints on timeor limited staff
resourcesare one of the major rea-
sons geological mapping is increasingly
contracted out to specialists. This is
usually a cost- and time-efficient option
but comes with the disadvantage that
the unfortunate, office-bound, company
geologists are not privy to the geological
insight provided by mapping, do not
advance their field skills, and become
less capable of undertaking their own
mapping in the future.
I often witness low productivity
in the field, particularly where short
shifts of fieldwork are involved, which,
in some cases, are reduced to a week
or less, with half of that time spent in
mobilization. In some jurisdictions (e.g.,
Chile) these shift restrictions are legally
imposed and generally apply to projects
at high altitudes. Shift length must be
set to strike a balance between achiev-
ing significant advances in quality
fieldwork and what is considered to be
a reasonable time away from home and
family.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
The future of geological mapping and
fieldwork applied to mineral explora-
tion will depend on the capacity of our
industry to find, train, and motivate the
next generation of field geologists, who
will, like their predecessors, undoubt-
edly play an important role in deliver-
ing the mines of the future, despite the
increasing challenges this will entail.
Keeping experienced eyes active in the
field is key. As noted by Wood (2010),
discovery cannot be taught as such, as it
requires not only strong technical skills,
but other special personal attributes
which are not always easily defined.
A comprehensive understanding of
the nature and field characteristics of
mineralized systems, based to a large
degree on informed geological map-
ping and careful fieldwork, has served
the industry well in the past and will
remain a crucial step on the pathway to
discovery.
REFERENCES
Brimhall, G.H., Dilles, J.H., and Proffett, J.M., 2006,
The role of geological mapping in mineral explo-
ration: Society of Economic Geologists, Special
Publication 12, p. 221241.
Heather, K., The lost art of geological mapping:
Should we care?: ChileExplore Congress, Santiago,
Chile, September 2015, Oral Presentation.
Marjoribanks, R., 2010, Geological methods in
exploration and mining, 2nd ed.: Berlin, Heidel-
berg, Springer-Verlag, 238 p.
Proffett, J.M., 2004, Geologic mapping and its use
in mineral exploration [ext. abs.]: Centre for
Global Metallogeny, University of Western Austra-
lia Publication 33, p. 153157.
Wood, D., 2010, Mineral resource discoverysci-
ence, art and business: SEG Newsletter, no. 80,
p.1217. 1
 16 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016

VIEWS
We Must Change Exploration Thinking
in Order to Discover Future Orebodies
INTRODUCTION employed in mineral exploration need rather than adjust
to shoulder some of the blame for this their local discov-
Many of our Societys members work in
pain, and Burban listed reasons for why ery strategy and Dan Wood, AO
mineral exploration and many stu-
we need to do this, such as spending tactics.
dent members probably hope to find (SEG 2010 F)
hard-to-get funds on projects that are
employment in this or a related field. Decline in
unlikely to be profitable for a very, very
While discovering ore is the primary exploration
long time ... if ever. He also suggested
wealth-creating part of mining, explora-
these projects tend to be concentrated Richard Schodde
tion rarely is seen as crucially important
at relatively shallow depths and are from MinEx Consulting compiles data
by mining company boards and CEOs
being recycled again and again. No on mineral exploration in various
or industry analysts when economic
wonder investors are questioning the regions of the world (Schodde, 2013,
conditions are toughit is inevitably
perennial game of smoke and mirrors 2014), and his data since 1975 led to
the first casualty of hard times. It has
that has been played by the exploration three disturbing observations that are
always been this way and is probably
industry since the relevant to future explora-
never likely to change.
early 1970s, as he While discovering ore is the
tion, particularly in Australia
I recently published a note in the
put it. primary wealth-creating part and North America.
Geological Society of Australia news-
Im not as cynical of mining, exploration rarely is First, while 60% of world
letter (Wood, 2015) responding to a
about the conduct of seen as crucially important by exploration expenditure was
letter by a geologist colleague under the
exploration since the mining company boards and spent collectively in Austra-
heading Resource doldrums (Burban,
early 1970s, although CEOs or industry analysts when lia, Canada, and the United
2015). Burban put forward a number
I believe it started to economic conditions are tough States in 1975, by 2014 this
of reasons for why he thought mineral
lose its way some- figure had fallen to 30%. One
exploration is in its presently parlous
time in the 1990s, as opportunities to of the reasons for this is the increasing
state.
discover shallow orebodies diminished red tape of bureaucracy companies
The following is an expanded ver-
significantly throughout much of the have to deal with in these countries.
sion of my note, which generally agrees
world. Yes, shallow orebodies were still However, there is undoubtedly a strong
with Burbans thesis. I hope it may
discovered in the 1990s, and they were perception that the chance of discov-
assist SEG members trying to make
not necessarily in exotic and difficult ering an orebody has been diminished
sense of the challenging world they
locations. I also do not believe that substantially in the decision by many
presently face in seeking or continuing
every shallow orebody has been dis- companies to significantly reduce explo-
employment in mineral exploration or
covered; they are just likely to be more ration expenditure in Australia, Canada,
mining, and contribute to discussion
difficult to discover in many countries and the USA.
within the Society about the most seri-
because of masking cover material, Second, Schodde shows that world
ous issue members have faced in the
etc. However, I do believe there was a expenditure on base metals plus gold
past 30 years.
need, 20 years ago, for major change in exploration fluctuated in the US$2 to
My comments are focused on por-
how we conducted the search for new 5 billion range (in 2012 dollar terms)
phyry copper and copper-gold deposits
orebodies, particularly in recognizably from 1975 until 2005, when it rose rap-
which are mined on a large scale, but I
mature exploration jurisdictions in Aus- idly to peak at ~US$18 billion in 2012.
suggest from experience in discovering
tralia, Canada, and the USA, and this It then fell quickly to ~US$10 billion in
low-sulfidation epithermal gold depos-
did not happen. 2014, with more reduction probably to
its that some of my suggestions have
I see little evidence that the need follow, possibly returning to the US$2
relevance to the future discovery of this
for change has been recognized and to 5 billion range of 1975 to 2005.
and other types of ore, recovered using
acted upon substantially in any of these Third, many of my generation
a narrow-vein mining technique.
three countries in the past 20 years. of exploration geologists expected a
Exploration geologists have to take a technological (geophysical) revolution
PAST AND PRESENT significant share of the responsibility for would come to dominate discovery,
EXPLORATION APPROACH this lack of action, as only we have the but this hasnt happened. As Schoddes
Burban (2015, p. 8) proposed that much necessary knowledge to argue the need compilations show, generous attribution
of explorations present pain is self-in- for change. Company management would only credit geophysics as the
flicted and, in his words, is partly the and geologists (where they were in a leading factor in selecting suitable base
result of what happens when grandiose position to influence strategy) in these metal exploration projects, for example,
plans based on magical thinking dont countries often elected to basically tilt in at most 30% of cases, and in <50% of
pan out; or, put less critically, is partly at windmills and invariably waste share- cases when deciding where to drill the
the result of ill-considered explora- holders money by riding off to ever first hole. For gold projects, the esti-
tion strategies and tactics. Those of us more exotic and high-risk locations, mates are <20% and <10%, respectively.
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 17
So, what do these observations fore-
shadow for the future of exploration,
as well as employment of our younger
members? Timing is important in explo-
ration and, while it is no consolation
for those about to graduate, at some
time during the next five years the min-
ing cycle should turn up, provided past
experience is a guide, world demand
for metals continues to grow, and the
present imbalances even out. For those
members presently without relevant
employment but determined to pursue
a career in exploration, the challenge is
to find a productive way of maintain-
ing contact with the mining industry
during this slow period, however long
it lastswhich will not be an easy task
(Wood, 2014).
The reason for suggesting there
may be opportunity at the end of the
downturn is because of explorations
aging geologic workforcemuch of
which probably will leave the industry
over the coming decade. When the
demographic bubble of older geolo-
gists retires, there may not be adequate
numbers of locally trained geologists
to supply the resulting exploration
demand in many parts of the world.
The value of this proviso depends,
however, on exploration compa-
nies adopting a progressive business
approach to discovering ore over the
next decade, thereby restoring investor
confidence in financially supporting
exploration; neither of these outcomes
is by any means certain.
EXPLORE DEEPER
NEAR MINES
The relative halving of expenditure in
Australia, Canada, and the USA started
in 1995, and this is when I suggest
exploration in these countries should
have made the transition to a different
way of exploring. There was then an
obvious and compelling need to largely
abandon a predominantly surface
to near-surface target approach and
embrace deep exploration.
The reason for this is simple and
apparent if we consider two points:
(1) the discovery rate of major ore-
bodies had been falling from the early
1970s onward and (2) the depth of
discovery was mostly 200 to 300m or
less (Schodde, 2013), and has largely
remained the same up to now. The
reason for the relative shallowness of
discovery is not geologiccompanies
exploring during this period mostly
were seeking ore amenable to open-
pit mining, and most still are, if their
present method of exploring is a reliable
guide. Very few groups tested deep
enough to discover ore in the next
1.7km below surface, down to 2-km
depth, for example. On rare occasions, a
deep orebody was discovered.
During the recent boom, from 2005
to 2012, ~US$100 billion (in 2012 US$)
was expended on gold plus base metals
exploration, roughly at an average rate
of ~US$12 billion per year. Given this, it
is easy to accuse the exploration sector
of squandering shareholders money,
as Schodde estimates this expenditure
produced fewer than 13 tier 1 gold
and copper discoveries (12 from 2004
to 2013, where the net present value
of a tier 1 discovery is >US$1 billion).
No wonder investors began to ques-
tion the value of this expenditure. The
mining industry has a major challenge
to convince investors that the return
from high-risk exploration justifies their
funding support.
Burban (2015, p. 8) proposed that
blind deposits and underground
block-caving mining methods are very
much the way of the future, a forecast
I endorse for some large orebodies.
However, I dont fully accept his related
comment that finding these non-out-
cropping deposits is both time-consum-
ing and expensive due to the forensic
nature of the search. Based on my
experience at Newcrest Mining, I sug-
gest there is no compelling reason why
discovery of an orebody mined by cav-
ing necessarily has to be greatly more
expensive or time consuming than
discovery of one mined by open pit,
particularly if exploration is conducted
with cave mining in mind.
Cave mining is a mass underground
mining technique (Wood et al., 2010)
and only can be applied economically
to a deposit with a particular geome-
tryto be such an orebody, the deposit
has to have a regular geometric shape
and be relatively large. Its shape may be
that of a rectangular block or a solid or
annular ore-ring cylinder, for example.
Its size means it will present as a rela-
tively large target, both volumetrically
and in plan area.
A deposit mined using caving will be
measured in the 10s to 100s to 1,000s
of millions of tonnes of ore. Invariably,
the smaller the tonnage is, the higher
the average grade requirement will be,
but location will play an important
role in determining required metal
grade. A small, necessarily higher grade
copper-gold orebody, for example, will
generally contain in excess of 50million
tonnes of ore and will occupy a volume
of more than 20millionm3, with a plan
area which, ideally, is at least 200m2,
and a vertical dimension of 500m or
more.
This is not a small target at any
depth, even at 500 or 1,000m, and is
magnified >tenfold if a typical porphyry
orebody is being sought. A 500-Mt por-
phyry orebody amenable to cave min-
ing, for example, will have dimensions
that are some variation of 400 500
1,000m. Given that porphyry deposits
almost always are flanked and over-
lain by barren to variably mineralized
and altered rock, the plan area of the
geologic target is very large and is easily
a square kilometer or more in size for a
500-Mt deposit. Exploring for a target of
this scale does not require close-spaced
drilling and large expenditure during
the discovery phase.
Neither does a successful search
necessarily require an elaborate foren-
sic approach. It does, however, require
geologists conducting exploration to be
aware of what will be encouraging indi-
cations of ore potential in deep, widely
spaced discovery holes, and to have
the confidence and opportunity to drill
deep follow-up holes to investigate rela-
tively meager or negligible geochemical
results because of other evidence. They
need to be guided by the possibilities
that the geology offers up as a guide to
ore, and they need to be supported by
their management to drill the required
holes. Above all, success requires geol-
ogists to be pragmatically creative and
optimistic in their thinking. There is
nothing new in this.
A willingness to drill a barren
quartz-vein stockwork on the top of
Mt. Fubilan in Papua New Guinea, for
example, was the reason for discovery of
the Ok Tedi orebody at shallow depth in
1969, nearly 50 years ago. International
expert discussion about the significance
of a possible leached capping exposed
on top of Mt. Fubilan had resulted in
indecision and procrastination up to
that point. The simple pragmatic obser-
vation by Ken Phillips was that the only
way to determine what occurred below
the barren outcrop was by drilling a
hole through it (Hope, 2011). He was
rewarded when the hole was drilled and
high-grade supergene copper mineral-
ization was intersected
only 40m below surface. to page 18 . . .
 18 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
. . . from page 17 VIEWSWe Must Change Exploration Thinking in Order to Discover Future Orebodies (continued)
Explorations dismal success record
over the last couple of decades alluded
to by Burban (2015, p. 8) possibly didnt
need to happen, either. Nor should it
be taken as necessarily predicting the
outcome of future exploration. Explor-
ing apparently greenfield projects also
does not warrant being labeled as too
expensive by investors, as he suggested
is the case. There are ways in which
deep exploration can be conducted
that are cost-effective and efficient, in
both brownfield and greenfield settings,
provided the search is conducted in a
permissive geologic terrane by explo-
ration geologists who understand their
target.
SUGGESTION FOR
FUTURE EXPLORATION
It should be obvious by now to the min-
ing industry that continuing to apply
shallow-target exploration strategies and
tactics will fail to produce an acceptable
frequency of orebody discovery in the
future, irrespective of the successes post-
1950. These strategies also will fail to
encourage speculative investors to risk
their capital in funding junior-sector
exploration. Companies must capitalize
on the evolution of mass mining pres-
ently underway and move from seeking
orebodies that will be mined by open
pit to ones that will be mined using
some type of mass underground mining
technique.
Deep exploration raises significant
challenges for junior companies with
limited access to funding; however,
these challenges may be overcome
if progressive funding strategies are
adopted and applied (Sillitoe, 2010;
Enders and Saunders, 2011). Some
major companies have already started to
focus on deep orebodies, but these com-
panies tend to be the exception rather
than the rule. Other companies were
doing this from the mid-1990s onward
and the success of their foresight was
demonstrated by the discoveries they
madeat Cadia, Oyu Tolgoi, Rio Blan-
co-Los Bronces, Escondida, etc.
Although shifting focus from
near-surface to deep targets may seem a
daunting challenge to many exploration
geologists, it is not a radical proposal,
nor is it one that requires difficult
changes in the way exploration is con-
ducted. It does, however, require signifi-
cant change in exploration thinking.
The first change in this thinking is
simply to disregard existing wisdom
about the orebody potential of previ-
ously explored mining districts and to
revisit and reevaluate these, wearing a
different set of glasses that look deep.
Evidence of uneconomic mineraliza-
tion at the surface and previous mining
should be treated as an indicator of a
districts metal fertility and a possible
predictor of deep orebody discovery.
There is nothing particularly original in
this suggestion; it is basically common
sense and an approach with a long
history and track record of successi.e.,
the shadow of the headframe
approach (Meussig, 2014).
An orebody with its top located 500
to 1,000 m below surface is unlikely to
exhibit an obvious sign on the surface
saying drill here; however, it may
display subtle surface and near-surface
indications of ore potential if one has
the skill and good fortune to recognize
these (Wood, 2010). If discovery is to be
achieved efficiently and cost-effectively,
the ability to manage risk is necessarily
embodied in this skill.
The second necessary change goes to
the heart of the way most of us explore.
It requires that we drill deep holes early
in a project with the objective of col-
lecting relevant geologic information,
rather than in the way we have been
taught mostly to do(hopefully) inter-
sect ore. This is not as heretical a pro-
posal as it may seem. If there is deep ore
to be discovered, building a reliable 4-D
picture of the local geology as quickly
as possible after beginning the search is
crucial to efficient discovery.
I suggest there are five simple
requirements that must be adopted to
lead to the discovery of deep ore:
1. Exploration geologists must under-
stand and accept that most of the
Earths crust below about 300-m
depth is unknown, in an orebody
sense, as was much of the upper
300m of crust when modern explo-
ration started post-World War 2.
2. Exploration managers must educate
their company CEO and Board, as
well as investors, about the unreal-
ized ore potential of the 80% of the
Earths crust that is poorly explored
in known mining districts and
metallogenic provinces, from about
300m below surface down to 2-km
depth (and this does not include the
potential of greenfield regions).
3. Exploration geologists need to
become much less risk-averse when
it comes to what evidence is required
before drilling an early and deep
exploratory hole.
4. In turn, these same geologists need
to throw off the mental shackle that
prevents them from using a drilling
rig as nothing more than a giant
geological hammer with which
to sample rocksdevelopments in
coiled tube drilling technology offer
opportunity to significantly reduce
drilling cost (Giles et al., 2014).
5. Exploration must return to its geo-
logic roots and wean itself of the
hope that a black-box technique of
some sort will enable it to discover
deep oretechnology should sup-
port, not drive, exploration.
Satisfying these conditions will
go a long way to rewarding specula-
tive investors who fund junior-sector
exploration. After all, exploration is a
high-risk endeavor and it is better to be
spending whatever speculative capital is
available on exploring for ore at depth
than on continuing to recycle failed
projects that tend to be concentrated
at relatively shallow depths (Burban,
2015, p. 8) and mostly never produce a
reward. High risk needs to be accompa-
nied by the possibility of high reward.
Applying capital to deep exploration
means there is a chance high-grade ore
will be discovered, as occurred with
Newcrests discovery of the Ridgeway
orebody at Cadia (Wood, 2012).
I believe that if these conditions
become the new norm for how explo-
ration is conducted, the future for ore
discovery will be improved, as may the
chance of our student members gaining
employment in mineral exploration.
Failure to make the necessary changes
to exploration strategy and tactics will
likely delay a resurgence of exploration
activity until the need to change is
finally acknowledged and forced upon
industry. Exploration is a business, not
a lifestyle, and is no different from any
other business where shareholders
capital is applied; it has to produce an
acceptable financial return to investors
or be modified so that it does.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Dierdre Westblade, Jeff Hedenquist, and
John Thompson are thanked for their
constructive reviews of this article.
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 19

REFERENCES
Burban, R., 2015, Resource doldrums: Geological
Society of Australia Inc, TAG Newsletter, no. 175,
p. 8.
Enders, S., and Saunders, C., 2011, Discovery, inno-
vation, and learning in the mining businessnew
ways forward for an old industry: SEG Newsletter,
no. 86, p. 1, 1622.
Giles, D., Hillis, R., and Cleverley, J., 2014, Deep
exploration technologies provide the pathway
to deep discovery: SEG Newsletter, no. 97, p. 1,
2327.
Hope, A.R., 2011, The Hope factormineral
discoveries Australia, Papua New Guinea and the
Philippines: Self-published, 536 p.
Meussig, S., 2014, The ore finders: SEG Newsletter,
no. 97, p. 1719.
Schodde, R., 2013, Long term outlook for the global
exploration industry: Geological Society of South
Africa, Geo Forum Conference, Gloom or Boom?,
Johannesburg, 25 July 2013, Oral Presentation.
2014, The global shift to undercover explora-
tionHow fast? How effective?: Society of Eco-
nomic Geologists, SEG 2014: Building Exploration
Capability for the 21st Century, Keystone, Colo-
rado, September 2014, Proceedings, Flash Drive.
Sillitoe, R.H., 2010, Grassroots exploration: Between
a major rock and a junior hard place: SEG News-
letter, no. 83, p. 1113.
Wood, D., 2010, Mineral resource discoveryscience,
art & business: SEG Newsletter, no. 80, p.1217.
2012, Discovery of the Cadia deposits, NSW,
Australia (part 2): SEG Newsletter, no. 89, p. 1,
1722.
2014, Not for the faint-hearted: SEG Newsletter,
no. 97, p. 2021.
2015, Australian explorationa fundamentally
changed approach needed: Geological Society of
Australia Inc, TAG Newsletter, no. 176, p. 3738.
Wood, D., Chitombo, G., and Bryan, S., 2010,
Mass underground mining and the role of the
exploration geologist: SEG Newsletter, no. 83,
p.1, 2225. 1

JOSEPH R. ANZMAN
Exploration Geophysicist
consulting
interpretation PAUL W. KUHN
project management President
geophysical surveys
domestic & foreign paulk@avrupaminerals.com
www.avrupaminerals.com
P.O. Box 370526 303-519-0658
Denver, Colorado 80237 geophjoe@gmail.com Direct: +351-253274070 Portugal mobile: +351-925972240
Fax: +351-253615041 U.S. mobile: +1-509-990-6786

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 20 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
. . . from page 1 From Mineral Discovery to Project Delivery (continued)
approach in terms of commitment of
resources and management time in
order to be successful. In practice, the
three sources are, respectively, short-,
medium-, or long-term solutions.
EXPANSIONS AT
EXISTING OPERATIONS
ARE HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL
Exploration and development in the
shadow of the headframe have long
played a key role in driving growth and
sustaining the minerals industry in the
short to medium term, and in help-
ing companies get through periods of
industry downturn, such as is currently
being experienced.
Over the past two decades, brown-
fields exploration has been a very
important and successful investment for
many established mining companies.
In particular, Sillitoe (2010a) reviewed
31 base- and precious-metal discover-
ies in the circum-Pacific region for the
period 19962008 and found that over
60% were spatially linked to existing
or historic mines. This statistic is also
reflected at the company scale. Brown
(2013) reported that 60% of discoveries
made by Anglo American in the decade
19992010 were in mature belts or near
existing operations. Industry wide, this
brownfields success has led to resources
being booked to balance sheets at an
unprecedented rate (S. McIntosh, pers.
commun., 2014). As a result, despite
the rapid increase in copper and gold
production, overall reserves have gen-
erally been maintainedthough this is
heavily reliant on a companys ability
to convert new resources into mineable
inventory. A good example of this is
the Los Bronces mining camp in Chile.
Since acquiring the operation in 2002,
Anglo American has grown the copper
resource there by a factor of five (Figure
1). Its defining challenge over the next
decade will be to improve the resource
confidence, ultimately leading to min-
ing of these new resources.
QUALITY STILL COUNTS
It should be noted, however, that
some of the recent reported increase in
resources may be an artificial economic
construct rather than real growth in
potentially mineable ore; namely, it is
the result of using higher commodity
prices to justify using a lower cutoff
grade. While this enables the company
to grow the resource base, it is usually
accompanied by higher unit operat-
ing costs. These higher costs make the
mine vulnerable to any subsequent fall
in commodity price(s). Unless there is
a structural change in the commod-
ity price(s), these are doomed to be
marginal resources for some consider-
able time. Reversing the process and
high-grading the deposit will cause
its own fresh set of problems, with the
most obvious outcome being the drastic
shortening of the remaining mine life.
This may result in insufficient lead time
for near-mine exploration to identify,
drill out, and deliver additional reserves
to the production schedule. As a result,
the mine cannot sustain its operating
cost, has no resource base defined on
which to grow, and may be forced to
close prematurely.
This issue of manufactured
resource growth is not limited to exist-
ing mines. In recent years, many new
projects have also grown in apparent
size through using a lower cutoff grade.
Further studies are required to deter-
mine the full impact and consequences
of changing cutoff grades on the size of
the mining industrys reserves and mine
lives. Such studies may help to mitigate
the amplitude of the cyclicity observed
in the industry in the recent past.
IS THIS SUSTAINABLE?
This past emphasis on brownfields
growth has been highly successful
and there is much to commend it as a
short- to medium-term solution. Having
an active and effective brownfields
exploration program will result in a
better understanding of the true size
and quality of the orebody and, indeed,
of the wider district. The brownfields
exploration program carried out by
BHP Billiton centered on the Escon-
dida orebody in Chile extended known
orebodies and discovered a new one
(Pampa Escondida) as a direct result of
knowledge gained during initial investi-
gations. While not strictly a brownfields
environment, Rio Tinto leveraged its
growing understanding of the La Granja
district in Peru to discover a much
broader porphyry belt in the district
than previously recognized. The work
may also enhance effectiveness; any
geotechnical and metallurgical issues
associated with mining and processing
may also be uncovered. It will also
enable management to better determine
opportunities to expand production or,
alternatively and equally importantly,
plan for orderly mine closure.
However, there may be a darker
side to solely focusing on brownfields
exploration. At one extreme, the writers
are aware of situations where a satellite
resourcewhich, in a greenfields envi-
ronment, may be economically viable
as a stand-alone minehas remained
undeveloped for several decades because
of the scheduling priorities for the
main mining operation (i.e., there is ore
closer to the mill, although it is not nec-
essarily better). Conversely, the writers
also know of cases where the imperative
to feed a hungry mill causes compa-
nies to destroy value by developing mar-
ginal resources (often smaller, deeper,
lower grade, or of poorer quality). This
is a particular risk for mines nearing the
end of their economic life. More gener-
ally, there is also the risk that mine-site
geologists may overlook potentially
attractive alternative exploration targets
because of entrenched views on the
local geologic model.
DEVELOPING
NEW PROJECTS
In 1556, Georgius Agricola wrote that
a miner, before he begins to mine
the veins, must consider seven things,
namely: the situation, the conditions,
the water, the roads, the climate, the
right of ownership, and the neighbours
(Agricola, 1556). Little has changed
in the intervening 450 years. Today,
mineral development projects remain
focused on challenges associated with
deposit quality, deposit size, location,
perceived level of development capital
intensity, perceived sovereign risk, com-
munity relations, and the overall macro-
economic environment (e.g., Crowson,
2008; Lenero and Thompson, 2014).
While, individually, these are challeng-
ing aspects of developing any mineral
project, they may often be collectively
perceived as insurmountable, leading to
deposit dormancy.
As a result, the landscape is littered
with projects that have yet to deliver
returns to their shareholders. This is evi-
denced by a study carried out in 2004
(by the writers) of 250 base metal and
gold projects that were then dormant
for various social, technical, economic,
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 21
and/or sovereign risk reasons. More
than a decade later, fewer than 10%
of these deposits have progressed to
production. This raises the quite valid
question of why many or most of the
failed projects were ever considered for
development.
Schodde (2014) completed a com-
prehensive survey of 3,500 nonfer-
rous metal discoveries in the period
19502013 and found that (so far)
only 45% have been converted into
producing mines. Moreover, the rate of
conversion appears to slow with time.
When breaking this down into decadal
blocks, the period 19751984 indicated
the average lead time from discovery
to delivery for gold projects was five
years. Two decades later (19952004),
the lead time had grown to nine years.
While it could be argued that, given
enough time, most projects will end up
being put into production, this is cold
comfort for the original shareholders,
who are unlikely to ever see a return on
their investment. This pointthat the
lead time from exploration to delivery is
simply too long for the attention span
of most investorswas similarly noted
by Sillitoe (2010b).
The last point is of vital importance
for building the business case for invest-
ing in exploration: there is no value in
finding deposits that dont get quickly
developed. In fact, because of the high
cost of drilling out the resource and
completing the various studies (scop-
ing, prefeasibility, and feasibility), such
activities are value destructive.
Where exploration is away from the
headframe, project delays are magnified.
In the above-quoted study by Schodde
(2014), it was found that, over the
period 19502013, the average delay
between discovery and production for
greenfields copper projects was 18.4
years, versus 15.6 years for brown-
fields projects. Further, the scale of the
projects has dramatically increased.
Consider the construction costs for the
Alumbrera mine in Argentina of US$1.2
billion in 1998 compared to US$3.85
billion direct capital costs accrued by
Rio Tinto at its Oyu Tolgoi open-pit
mine in Mongolia to 2013 (AMC Con-
sultants, 2013). Adjusting for inflation,
this still represents a 100% increase
in costs for a similar project over the
course of 15 years.
It should also be recognized that
a significant proportion of currently
undeveloped projects will remain
indefinitely on the shelf because of
technical, economic, social, and envi-
ronmental issues (e.g., Matheson and
Acloque, 2013). Exploration leading to
discovery is a long-term solution that
demands resilience, consistency, and
improved efficiency.
FOCUS ON FOSTERING
EFFECTIVE PROJECT
DELIVERY
While much discussion has centered
on the discovery process and how to
improve success, there appears to have
been less focus on how to improve the
mining industrys ability to deliver a
new mining project quickly. This step
of the process is often overlooked and
undervaluedbut is arguably where
most value leakage occurs.
The ability to move a project through
the pipeline to commission a revenue-
producing asset is a key measure of suc-
cess. Assessing expenditure at different
stages of evolution of the mineral proj-
ect may indicate both the efficiency (for
example, the speed at which the project
moves through the different stages) and
the effectiveness (for example, timing
of delivery of an operational mine) of a
mining companys growth strategy. At
a global level, SNL Metals and Mining
(2014) reported an upward trend in the
allocation of brownfields and opera-
tions exploration budgets, rising from
16% of total spend in 2006 to 29% in
2013. This trend is attributed to these
activities generally being a less expen-
sive and less risky way to add resources
and replace reserves. This outcome has
come at the cost of declining greenfields
exploration (down from 40% to 32%
over the same period), which may have
No. of
25%
Projects
Budget
Allocation 17% 20%
Greenfields
Mine Development
Brownfields & Operations
FIGURE 2. Number of projects and associated expenditures for a major mining company.
longer-term consequences for discovery
and development rates (e.g., Sillitoe,
2010b). It is also a feature of the mining
industry that timing delivery of projects
to take advantage of market trends is
challenging, and an applied effort to
improving delivery forecast with price
alignment would be beneficial.
To further illustrate the challenges
and benefits of achieving good prac-
tice in project delivery, an analysis
was carried out of the portfolio of 182
mineral projects held by a major mining
company, spanning greenfields to reve-
nue-producing operations. As shown in
Figure 2, the companys annual budget
allocation for geology demonstrated
a clear bias toward in-mine and near-
mine activities (a combined total of
more than 60% in 91 projects). Only
20% of the total geologic expenditure
was allocated to advancing orebody
knowledge for projects at the advanced
exploration and mine-development
stages in order to inform further invest-
ment decisions. The knock-on effect of
this is an inability to find the optimal
configuration for the planned mining
operation, resulting in yet more feasibil-
ity study requirements prior to securing
development investment approval from
the Board.
FOSTERING EFFECTIVE
PROJECT DELIVERY
With the recent market downturn, the
major mining houses have shifted their
focus from growth to cash preservation.
Ernst and Young (2015) reported cuts in
capital expenditure across the industry
of more than US$27
to page 22 . . .
billion since 2012.
25% 50%
63%
 22 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
. . . from page 21 From Mineral Discovery to Project Delivery (continued)
Yet, in order to meet growth in demand
for commodities and maintain produc-
tion profiles, the industry still requires
investment of more than US$790 billion
over the next 10 years. Given this rate
of expenditure, a strategic framework
is demanded to ensure both efficient
and effective use of these funds. The
increase in shareholder activism with
respect to capital expenditure and the
major mining companies response to
this provide further impetus. Indeed,
as recently as 2008, Rio Tinto boasted a
project development portfolio valued in
excess of US$21 billion, which climbed
to US$37 billion in 2011. In 2014, Rio
Tinto had slashed this to US$13 bil-
lion, with a further fall to US$8 billion
in 2015. The most obvious knock-on
effect from this will be a further increase
in the delay between discovery and
delivery. Yet delivery is necessary to
demonstrate a return on the investment
and stimulate further growth in the
industry. In order to address this issue,
we propose that the industry pursue the
following four (key) factors to improve
effectiveness:
1. Build orebody knowledge
quickly and thoroughly
For any investment decision, more
information usually leads to an
improved outcome. Having more
options available to the company allows
it to optimize. In particular, technical
teams need to shift their mindset from
What do we have? to How will it per-
form? Project managers need to then
use this orebody knowledge to identify
and manage key project risk factors.
As a consequence, the important but
often overlooked areas of geotechnical
engineering and geometallurgy should
continue to grow in stature. Project
managers should convey the need to
acquire orebody knowledge in terms of
overall project risk.
2. Configure your delivery
teamand make it yours
As large mining companies increasingly
look to trim costs and reduce head
count, large engineering, procurement,
and construction management (EPCM)
companies have taken an increasing
role in overall design, construction, and
commissioning of major new mines.
Senior company staff members are, in
turn, put into oversight roles designed
to provide checks and balances on the
EPCM companies. However, an EPCM
company does not own the process.
As design challenges arise, the process
reverts back to the mining company that
commissioned it. Without a full integra-
tion of teams, the underlying technical
parameters may be called into question,
with inevitable delays resulting. Further-
more, with the sheer number of projects
being commissioned in the mid-2000s,
the competition for talented and expe-
rienced project managers, coupled with
the pressure to be seen to undertake large
capital projects, meant that quality was
sometimes compromised.
Putting the right team in place
might take the form of more flexible,
modular units, such as those seen in
the automotive or high-tech industries
(Hart et al., 2013), and has been part of
the ore processing development strat-
egy of Xstrata from 2007 onward. In
the automotive and technology indus-
tries, building capabilities (whether
plant or people) into the organization
to deliver standardized, repeatable
outcomes (that can be recycled across
many projects) is a central tenet. One of
the stumbling blocks in mining project
delivery, exacerbated in the discipline
of geology, is the perception by some
managers that each project is unique.
As a result, standardization is avoided.
However, there are signs that the min-
erals industry is adopting modern prac-
tices and building in-house teams, with
a recent example being Antofagasta
Minerals, which has announced its decade, with large mining companies
intention to build larger in-house teams
and thereby reduce reliance on proj-
ect management companies in order
to improve capital controls. Similarly,
First Quantum Minerals announced
potential savings of US$1 billion on a
US$6.2 billion development cost of its
Cobre Panama project in Central Amer-
ica by employing in-house expertise
rather than EPCM firms (Jordan, 2013).
Another example is the way in which
Glencore is evaluating common-sized
mills and equipment across its different
projects in order to lower construction
costs. This has so far met with mixed
outcomes; Xstrata attempted a modu-
lar ore-processing design comprising a
40-ft SAG mill and two 28-ft ball mills
to process 25 Mtpa of ore per module.
However, its study of several low-grade
porphyry deposits (e.g., Frieda River,
PNG; Tampakan, P hilippines) was not
able to deliver positive study outcomes.
3. Consider continuing
professional development
The importance of human capital in
any successful business is well recog-
nized. Effective and proactive succes-
sion planning leaves an organization
prepared for expansion and able to
cope with the loss of key employees,
and provides a talent pool for new
roles or internal promotions. Equally,
retaining talented individuals requires
an analysis of current skills, identifying
appropriate learning experiences (prefer-
ably through assignments and special
projects), and continual engagement
with the employees concerned. Building
project teams charged with delivering
new businesses to the entity provides
outstanding pathways for achieving
continued professional development
and succession plans.
4. Turn governance on its head
When large-scale projects are under-
taken, competing interests, poor
decision-making processes, and lack
of accountability are all elements that
can corrupt the delivery outcome. The
result is an inexorable rise in oversight
from the head office. While a complex
subject, it is most widely accepted
that governance determines who has
power, how decisions are made, how
different actors make their voices heard
and, ultimately, how accountability is
rendered. The subject of governance
has grown in importance over the past
grappling with its concepts and oscil-
lating between an advisory role and a
command-and-control model, neither
of which provides an optimal outcome.
Ultimately, the project manager in the
field needs to embrace the head-of-
fice governance inputs, but there is a
tendency to only do so where there is a
compelling value proposition available
for the EPCM.
An alternative model may be for an
EPCM company to act as the gover-
nance mechanism for the mining com-
pany, which then builds both capacity
and capability as a core competency for
the delivery on its multibillion dollar
investment pipeline. Under such a
model, the owner will, through time,
develop a high-performance team with
familiarity in project execution and an
intimate understanding of successful
project delivery. Many team mem-
bers may migrate into the operations
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 23
on commissioning, giving the added
benefits of a smoother transition and
continuity of management teams.
Opportunities are opened up to all
levels of the organization to develop
alternative career paths, and senior
management has a much clearer line of
sight to cost controls. Provided there is
commercial advantage, EPCM compa-
nies, through the governance role, are
possibly more likely to be clear eyed
and objective, and will consequently
be well positioned to furnish tangible,
action-oriented observations on how
best to advance projects through to
delivery.
GREENFIELDS
EXPLORATION AS
A FOUNDATION
Ultimately, the best solution is to find
new, high-quality deposits. It is fair to
say that a strong greenfields exploration
program is central to the long-term
growth of the industry, as this is the
only way of delivering the next major
new mining camp. However, as shown
in Figure 3, the rate of discovery has
stagnated, if not declined, over the last
decade. (A caveat on this is that any
discoveries in the last 18 to 36 months
may be unannounced or have yet to
be shown to be significant.) This is in
spite (up until recently) of a five-fold
increase in the level of expenditure and
1985 = 100%
600%
500%
400%
300%
200%
100%
0%
1985
Note: Excludes bulk minerals (coal, iron ore and bauxite)
Number of discoveries is based on deposits >=Moderate in size
(ie >100 koz Au, >10kt Ni, >100 kt Cu equiv, >250 kt Mt Zn+Pb, >5kt U3O8 )
Figures include an adjustment for unreported discoveries in recent years
FIGURE 3. Exploration expenditures, drilling rates, and number of mineral discoveries in the Western
World from 1985 to 2014. Source: MinEx Consulting data, 2016, as generated by Richard Schodde.
a three-fold increase in the amount of
drilling since 1985. The end result has
been a corresponding increase in unit
discovery costs.
A large part of the higher discovery
cost can be attributed to the recent
commodities boom, which drove up the
cost (especially in USD terms) of hiring
geologists, land access, drilling, and
administration. The writers view is that
these cyclical costs will reverse them-
selves in the current downturn; indeed,
there is already anecdotal evidence
of significantly cheaper drilling rates
being offered in West Africa, Europe,
and Australasia. Notwithstanding this
fact, the industry still faces a number
of fundamental problems that will only
get progressively more difficult over
time. These include the inexorable shift
to exploring deeper and under cover,
and the costs associated with meeting
rising community and environmental
concerns.
It seems that spending money is not
the key issue in discovery, but we define
it in those terms. Put another way, the
industry appears to have fallen into a
trap of focusing on inputs (i.e., what
we spent) rather than outputs (i.e.,
what value we generated). Adding to
this diffuse picture is the fact that these
outputs may often be hidden within
the company. This situation is especially
true around existing operations, where
additional defined resources are rap-
idly absorbed into the overall resource
Exploration
Expenditures
(in constant 2015 US$)
Metres Drilled
(Estimated)
Number of
Deposits Found
1995 2005 2015
headline and not recognized as a value-
adding output.
The key learning from Figure 3 is
that simply spending more money will
not fix the problem. As a result, efforts
have been placed on identifying and
quantifying the critical factors required
for improving exploration success.
The cited factors have a great deal of
commonality: a well-conceived model,
strong leadership, dedicated (and
often maverick) field teams, resilience,
persistence, and a good dose of luck.
Less commonly mentioned but possibly
equally important factors are break-
through technologies and/or changes in
social, environmental, or infrastructural
conditions. Recent articles by Muessig
(2014), Brown (2013), Sillitoe (2010b),
and others have dealt with these in a
comprehensive manner.
CONCLUSIONS
The ability to rationally allocate
resources to those projects most likely
to deliver value to shareholders is a
defining challenge. Near-mine explo-
ration has been highly successful in
booking new resources to company
accounts, but may not necessarily
create new revenue streams, as a
linear approach to development and
marginal resources can delay delivery
unnecessarily or, indeed, deliver the
wrong project. There is an abundance
of resource projects of varying quality
known globally, many of which are
dormant and have been for some time.
Overcoming sovereign risk, technical
viability, and social or environmental
hurdles will take time, patience, and
innovative ways of doing business.
Unfortunately, not all of these dormant
projects will end up being developed
and, given their holding cost, it may be
more beneficial to shareholders to sell
them off or close them down. Genu-
ine greenfields discovery focused on
high-quality targets remains the best
long-term option to grow a company.
Exploration in the future would benefit
from moving away from purely finan-
cial metrics and focusing on the quali-
ties of the team and how it delivers.
Finally, it should be recognized
that success is not measured simply in
terms of the number of deposits found,
but rather the number of high-quality
mines built, the resulting amount of
revenue generated, and its timing. The
science of discovery is
a difficult one and few to page 24 . . .
 24 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016

. . . from page 23 From Mineral Discovery to Project Delivery (continued)

projects will ever reach the stage of a
maiden resource, let alone conversion
to a revenue stream. However, for those
projects that result in discovery, there
remains a raft of challenges to confront
in order to successfully deliver. This
appears to be an area that the industry
has not focused on sufficiently, and
the result is long delays and erosion
of value. To prevent this loss in value,
companies need to focus on the early
acquisition of orebody knowledge,
building in-house capabilities for
project delivery, and allowing external
critical reviews at key stages of project
development. This approach will help
in informing and improving future
investment decisions.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
While the views in this article are the
opinion of the authors, the text bene-
fited from the critical comments of Dick
Sillitoe, Stephen McIntosh, Dan Wood,
and Graham Brown.
REFERENCES
Agricola, G., 1556, De re metallica, translation by
H.C. Hoover and L.H. Hoover, 1950, accessed
through Project Gutenberg, http://www.guten-
berg.org/files/38015/38015-h/38015-h.htm.
AMC Consultants, 2013, 2013 Oyu Tolgoi Technical
Report: Turquoise Hill Resources Ltd., http://www.
turquoisehill.com/i/pdf/2013-Oyu-Tolgoi-Techni-
cal-Report-March-25-2013.pdf, 493 p.
Brown, G.M., 2013, Anglo American exploration
decade of discovery: London, Anglo American
plc, Internal Company Report, 102 p.
Crowson, P., 2008, Mining unearthed: London,
Aspermont UK, 423 p.
Ernst and Young, 2015, Business risks facing mining
and metals, 20142015: Ernst and Young Global
Limited, http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Industries/
Mining---Metals, 56 p.
Hart, J., Phaf, N., and Vermeltfoort, K.,
2013, Saving time and money on major
projects: McKinsey Insights, McKinsey &
Company website, http://www.mckinsey.
com/industries/oil-and-gas/our-insights/
saving-time-and-money-on-major-projects.
Jordan, P., 2013, First Quantum severs mine
contract with SNC-Lavalin: The Globe and Mail,
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-busi-
ness/industry-news/energy-and-resources/first-
quantum-severs-mine-contract-with-snc-lavalin/
article10755610/.
Lenero, P.O., and Thompson, F., 2014, Riding
the resource wave: How extractive companies
can succeed in the new resource era: McKinsey
Insights, McKinsey & Company website, http://
www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustain-
ability-and-resource-productivity/our-insights/
riding-the-resource-wave.
Matheson, J., and Acloque, P., eds., 2013, Mine
a confidence crisis: Beijing, Mine Series of
Publications, PwC, 60 p.
Muessig, S., 2014, The ore finders: SEG Newletter,
no. 99, p. 1719.
Schodde, R., 2014, Key issues affecting the time
delay between discovery and developmentis
it getting harder and longer?: Prospectors and
Developers Association of Canada, PDAC 2014,
Toronto, Canada, March 2014, Proceedings, 38 p.,
http://www.minexconsulting.com/publications/
Schodde%20presentation%20to%20PDAC%20
March%202014.pdf.
Sillitoe, R.H., 2010a, Exploration and discovery
of base- and precious-metal deposits in the cir-
cum-Pacific regiona 2010 perspective: Resource
Geology, Special Issue, no. 22, 129 p.
2010b, Grassroots exploration: Between a major
rock and a junior hard place: SEG Newletter, no.
83, p. 1113.
SNL Metals and Mining, 2014, World and Brazilian
exploration trends: SimeXmin, Symposium on
Mineral Exploration, Brazil, May 2014, Proceed-
ings, http://www.adimb.com.br/simexmin2014/
pdfs/13/17H30%20DAVID%20COX.pdf, 35 p. 1

13TH INTERNATIONAL NICKEL-COPPER-

PGE SYMPOSIUM
Perth-Fremantle Western Australia
5th 9th Sept 2016 with pre- and post-conference excursions

The next in the series of international Ni-Cu-PGE conferences comes to Perth, the
centre of the Australian metal mining industry and dynamic centre of Earth Science research

KEY DATES AND PLACES CONFERENCE THEMES

SYMPOSIUM Geodynamics and architecture of magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE systems
Wed 7- Fri 9 September, Esplanade Hotel, Freemantle
Geophysical and geochemical imaging of ore forming processes
PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOPS
Mon 5 and Tue 6 September, CSIRO Kensington (Perth) Physical processes of intrusion emplacement, magma flow,
sulfide liquid transport, deposition, migration & deformation
PRE-CONFERENCE FIELD TRIP
Wed 31 August to Mon 5 September Technologies and characterisation including geometallurgy
Windimurra Layered Intrusion, greenstone belts
Non-conventional polymetallic Ni +/- Cu, PGE ore including
and other mafic intrusions of the Murchison
sedimentary-hydrothermal settings
POST-CONFERENCE FIELD TRIP
Sunday 10th to Sunday 17th September The meeting will include tours to local laboratories
Komatiites and nickel deposits of the Yilgarn Craton including the world-class analytical and ore characterisation
activities at CSIRO, UWA and Curtin University
EARLY REGISTRATION DEADLINE
End of May 2016

www.nicupgesymposium.com
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 25
The State of the IndustryThe View from the Smaller End of Town
Summarizing the Industry Outlook Dinner Talk*
Having spent my 30-year career evolv- als that are mined, processed, and sold
ing from a technically focused geologist to generate revenue. At the other end of
in large mining companies into a com- the scale, those in junior companies are
mercially focused CEO in junior explo- probably much closer to the commercial
ration companies, I used the speaking realities of business and see the purpose
opportunity to present a view from the of mining as the process of making
perspective of the junior explorers . . . moneythrough finding, trading,
or exploiting resources, or simply by
To begin my talk, I posed three ques- creating wealth for shareholders (their
tions: What is an economic geologist? owners) on equity markets. They are
What is the industry? What is its future? entrepreneurial, with a focus on quality,
not quantity, and on reward, not risk.
What is an economic geologist? Big company boards occupy the
To purists, an economic geologist is interface between the company and the
anyone involved in any sort of geolog- rest of the world and understand that
ical science that is applied in a practi- the business of mining is no different
cal, commercial, or industrial context. from any other business. For some, the
To others, an economic geologist is act of mining is simply a means to an
someone who studies ore deposits. But endmoney. The background and skill
understanding the science of how and set of the CEO determines more than
where ore deposits form, their signa- anything else the culture of the com-
tures, and how to find them is a far pany, the degree of importance placed
cry from applying that knowledge in a on geologists and exploration within
broader commercial context. An eco- the organization, and the way these are
nomic geologist, then, is not necessarily treated by others.
a commercial geologist. Operational personnel such as engi-
I know many executives and direc- neers see their job as one in which they
tors who cynically define an economic make sure things work well, get things
geologist as one whose value exceeds done, and meet budget. To them, metal-
cost, or put another way, one who is a lurgists and geologists are mere tech-
net asset rather than a net liability to nicians, and exploration geologists in
the company, who through success in particular are crazy scientists who dont
discovery or extraction of the product obey rules, tend to spend all the money,
generates value. This might sound like and usually have nothing to show for it.
heresy to some, but exploration and Despite the differences between these
mining is a business, not a processit is groups, all technical professions view
about making money, not just digging the purpose of their industry through
holes. an entirely different lens from that of
the commercial professions. Unfor-
What is the industry? tunately, the operators call the shots
Those in large companies see the indus- and the commercial guys are usually
try as something that produces materi- in charge. And shareholders, those
who invest in the industry to get the
best return on their money, regard the
*Delivered at the SEG 2015 Conference, company as a commodity in its own
Hobart, Tasmania, September 29, 2015. right that can be traded for short-term
gain irrespective of longer-term strategic
Mark Bennett is Managing Director and ramifications and outcomes.
CEO of S2 Resources Ltd. Mark worked What is the structure of the industry?
for 10 years with Western Mining Ser- Most people would be familiar with
vices, first as an exploration geologist, the conventional model of the indus-
then as mine geologist, finally holding the try structure, namely, a food chain of
position of Manager for West Africa. Mov- juniors, mid-tiers, and majors. Small,
ing to Australia, he then held the position opportunistic junior explorers, being
of exploration manager and chief geolo- entrepreneurial, nimble, and risk-tol-
gist with LionOre for 9 years, followed by erant, spearhead exploration in new
three years as director of exploration and areas, make discoveries, grow through
geology for Apex Minerals NL. exploration, and form the base of the
food chain. The
clever, well-re-
SEG NEWS
sourced majors are
the apex predators
and undertake lon-
ger-term, system-
atic exploration in
the search for large Mark Bennett
orebodies capable (SEG 2016)
of satisfying their
increasingly de-
manding minimum
size and life criteria for so-called tier 1
assets, or failing that, just buy them.
Mid-tier producers have the dual
advantage of being able to catch the
crumbs falling from the tables of the
majors and being able to hoover up the
small junior companies. These small to
medium-sized companies, which pos-
sess both the hunger to grow through
discovery and also the revenue from
producing mines to fund this growth,
are close to extinction, having been
consumed by the majors.
Junior explorers have proliferated,
partly driven by the voluntary or forced
exodus of many explorationists from
the major and mid-tier companies.
Most, however, dont reach adulthood
because they either fail to make a dis-
covery or they become victims of their
own success and are consumed. This
exodus has created a brain drain.
Juniors, who have the smarts and the
opportunity to do so, now undertake
a disproportionately large share of ex-
ploration. The only flaw is that juniors
lack cash flow and need equity funding.
In recurring cyclic bear markets, equity
funding for junior explorers contracts
massively, and in the current super
bust has all but disappeared. As a result,
those with the ability, opportunity, and
motive no longer have the means to
explore, and the rate and quality of new
discoveries is diminishing.
Where do exploration geologists fit
in the industry? Unfortunately, most
mining company executives tend to
undervalue geologists because they
are perceived as being somewhat odd,
unworldly scientists. In good times they
are tolerated and indulged in the hope
of a eureka moment, but in bad times
they are the first to go. The function
undertaken by explora-
tion geologists tends to to page 26 . . .
 26 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
. . . from page 25 The State of the Industry (continued)
be regarded as a skill that can be bought
and sold as required, just like any other
commodity, rather than as a collection
of knowledge and skills honed over a
lifetime that cannot be simply turned
SEG NEWS
off and on.
Exploration requires the spending
of other peoples money. In the case of
junior explorers relying on equity fund-
ing, their ability to exist and to fund
and execute a plan to discovery is very
dependent on the ability of the CEO
to convince investors. This, in turn,
depends on the ability of the CEO to
straddle technical and financial worlds
in order to translate the technical com-
plexity of an exploration proposition to
the investors. The advantage junior ex-
plorers have is that this process is done
face-to-face with the company and its
backers. In a large company, the explor-
ers asking for money usually have their
ideas and budget proposals screened by
multiple layers of middle management
before they reach the decision maker.
Then, too, in all companies, irre-
spective of size, decision-making is also
very much dependent on two things
that have nothing to do with science or
geological prowess. First, the extent to
which the decision-maker is a supporter
of exploration is profoundly important.
Secondly, the personality of the propo-
nent, that persons credibility with the
decision maker(s), ability to be heard,
and the strength of personality weigh in
strongly. These factors provide an edge.
Finally, this business is not simply
a matter of money, but also a matter
of time. Investors tend not to invest in
juniors with a long-term horizon; they
put up high-risk money and expect a
quick return. This, together with the fact
that juniors rely on a strong share price
as their main currency to raise more
money, forces the juniors into a short-
term mentality to meet the short-term
demands of the insatiable beast that
is the marketexactly the opposite of
what they need to be doing if they are
to execute a longer-term plan to make a
meaningful discovery. There are very few
junior explorers that are able to main-
tain a balance between such short-term
gratification and long-term reward, and
fewer still who are fortunate enough
to have a shareholder base that is truly
aligned with their purpose. Ensuring that
the shareholder base is a thing of design
rather than accident should therefore
be a major priority in a junior explora-
tion company, because this alone can
make the difference between success
and failure. Often this is not recognized
by juniors that are managed by people
whose expertise is in the technical side
rather than business, and consequently
there are many that fail for reasons other
than there being no ore found.
To acknowledge that commercial
acumen, salesmanship, and psychol-
ogy are as important as science in the
discovery process may seem outrageous
to some, but this represents the eco-
nomic in economic geology. We need
to break out of our self-created straight
jacket and embrace and master these
skills and become the leaders, not the
followers, in our industry.
What is the future for
our industry?
There is much lamenting about the dire
state of the industry. Almost without
fail, the divide between management
and the individuals or teams that want
to discover is tacitly accepted, and man-
agement has control. It will stay this
way unless we geologists become more
business-oriented and gain the commer-
cial credibility to become management,
take charge, and force our way into the
boardroom.
This is far easier in a small organiza-
tion. There are fewer silos, fewer layers
of management, fewer self-interested
filters in that management communica-
tion chain, and less need to over-utilize
the elaborate management tools that try
to wrap what is essentially an art in an
impressive-looking array of statistics.
Future world economic conditions,
markets, and geopolitical events are
unpredictable. Availability of funding is
unpredictable. There will be more cycles
and maybe another super boomand
super bust. One unfortunate side effect
of the recent super boom, in addition,
was the rapid inflation of salaries for
geologists and the rapid promotion of
inexperienced geologists into positions
of responsibility. This created both an
incentive and a vacuum which encour-
aged a whole new demographic into
the industrya generation of geologists
containing some people who are in it
primarily for the money, not the love.
What is the future for
academia and research?
With the gradual withering of govern-
ment funding for geological education
and research over the past few decades,
universities and other research institu-
tions have had to turn to industry for
sponsorship. In the old world order,
when major companies were still
significant explorers, the knowledge
generated from sponsored research had
a better chance of being used to make a
difference to the industry as a whole. In
the new world order, most exploration
is undertaken by smaller companies
without the luxury of time or money to
sponsor or access this research. Conse-
quently, academia has become a slave
to the wishes of corporations rather
than the broader industry. This needs to
change.
My advice to students
I became a geologist because as a
youngster, I had a love of the landscape,
an interest in what shaped it, and its
hidden treasures, and what other job
would take you out of an office and into
all sorts of exotic and exciting places? It
was only much later in my exploration
career that I learned that everyone
knows the science and it is the non-sci-
entific things that give you the edgea
raft of things relating to commercial
savvy, organizational structure, culture,
and the importance of driven individu-
als as much as teams.
Then, too, being a greenfields explor-
er is at the highest risk end of the explo-
ration geology. I have been fortunate to
be involved in greenfields discoveries.
This was partly an accident of being in
the right place at the right time, but
also partly due to sheer bloody-minded
persistence, stubbornly enduring often
unpleasant circumstances and living
with risk.
My advice to those starting out is
that you take the time to identify what
you want from your career. Aside from
knowledge, being a successful geologist
requires passion and patience. Commit
to a long apprenticeship. Leave your
comfort zone and experience different
roles and companies to gain a broader
perspective. Seek out mentors. Stay
general, stay hands-on, and embrace the
learning and practice of those non-tech-
nical skills that will give you greater
credibility and currency, and never ever
give up, so that you can end up in the
board room ensuring the right people
are heard and the best decisions are
made. 1
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 27

Invitation to Attend the SEG 2016 Conference SEG 2016 Organizing

The Organizing Committee is pleased to invite you to Committee Members
the SEG-MJD 2016 Conference, Tethyan Tectonics and Conference Chair:
Mesut Soylu
Metallogeny (SEG 2016), September 2528, 2016, in Mineral Consultancy
es
me, Izmir, Turkey. The conference is jointly hosted mesut@mineral.com.tr
by the Society of Economic Geologists and the Turkish Society of Economic Geologists:
Association of Economic Geologists (MJD) at the Sher- Brian Hoal
aton es
me Hotel, Resort, and Spa. SEG Executive Director
brianhoal@segweb.org
Dr. Mesut Soylu (SEG 1997 F), Chair, SEG 2016 Organizing Committee
Conference Vice-Chair & Sponsorship:
Steve Enders
I join the SEG 2016 Organizing Committee in inviting you to what Eurasian Minerals Inc.
is expected to be a landmark conference for SEG. Our Turkish hosts mse@renrespartners.com
are providing a wonderful opportunity to explore and understand Technical Program Chair:
one of the worlds most endowed metallogenic regions, the Tethyan Ilkay Kuscu
Belt, extending from Western Europe through Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Mugla Stk Koman University
and beyond. The complex tectonic and magmatic evolution of this ikuscu@mu.edu.tr
belt is still being dissected and as such it offers insights to frontier Field Trip Chair:
geoscience that are extremely relevant to how we understand and Bayram Artun
explore this and many much older and less well-exposed metallo- Teck Resources Ltd.
genic belts. At the same time, the Tethyan focus provides a platform for discussion of the bayram.artun@teck.com
latest developments in a wide range of mineral deposit types that extend beyond the
magmatic and tectonic environment of the Tethyan. The conference Special Publication Publications:
is already shaping up to provide an exceptional record of metallogenic research and ex- Jeremy Richards
ploration successes in what remains one of the most underexplored regions of the world. University of Alberta
From a personal perspective, this combination of metallogenic diversity and under- jr6@ualberta.ca
exploration brought my company, Stratex International, to Turkey in 2005. We have since Student Programs:
then developed an excellent Turkish management and exploration team that reects Cengiz Demirci
the scientic and technical excellence that is delivered via a considerable number of Asia Minor Mining
leading Turkish universities, and we have had a number of exploration successes that cengizdemirci@msn.com
continue to reinforce our views about the exploration potential of the region. We have Short Courses:
worked with Turkish partners at the corporate and individual levels and have found Richard Tosdal
them and the wider technical and engineering support available throughout the coun- Consultant
try to be an ideal platform for the growth of a company. Add to this the challenging rtosdal@gmail.com
geology and the wild remoteness of large parts of this enormous countryit is an
economic geologists dream! I encourage you to take advantage of the opportunity to Administration/Logistics:
explore this beautiful and culturally diverse country by way of eld trips and by taking Arda Arcasoy
part in a variety of guest activities that include trips to historic sites, museums, villages, Consultant
and shopping opportunities. arda@arcasoy.com
I look forward to seeing you in eme, Turkey this September! Social Events:
Mehmet Deveci
Consultant
Bob Foster (SEG 1978 F), Chair, SEG President mdeveci1962@hotmail.com
 28 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016

SEG 2016 Technical Program (Preliminary)

Tethyan Tectonics and Metallogeny
New Theme and Session
Variations on Orogeny and Metallogenesis Associated with Supercontinent Growth
What is special about Tethys? And why does it have its own metallogenic signature that is distinct from other
orogens around the world, such as the worlds greatest MVT deposits, but a lack of orogenic gold mineralization?
We will assemble the leading specialists on ve major orogenic belts (Tethysides, Pan African, Central Asian oro-
genic belt, North American Cordillera, and Andes) to discuss the relationships between regional metallogeny and
tectonic evolution in different parts of the globe, from the Neoproterozoic to Recent. A subsequent discussion on
similarities and differences will be chaired by world experts on regional ore deposit geology and the tectonics of
continental growth. Dont miss the opportunity to be part of this rare assembly of specialists.
Invited speakers will include Jeremy Richards (Tethysides), Peter Johnson (Pan African), Alexander Yakubchuk
(Central Asian orogenic belt), Richard Goldfarb (North American Cordillera), and Constantino Mpodozis (Andes).

Themes Invited Talks

n Introduction and integration: Tethyan tectonics
and metallogeny
n Western, central and eastern Tethyan metallogeny
n Tethyan ocean tectonics
n Tethyan arc tectonics
n Tethyan collisional tectonics
n Sedimentary and supergene ore deposits
n Cradle of mining: Tethyan ore deposits
n Recent discoveries in the Tethyan belt
n Variations on orogeny and metallogenesis associated
with supercontinent growth
Student Mentoring Forum &
Presidential Address
A Student Mentoring Forum, with invited represen-
tatives from the minerals industry, academia, and
government, kicks off the conference on Sunday,
September 25, 2016. Students can learn about
careers in minerals geoscience and take advantage
of networking opportunities. SEG President Robert P.
Foster will deliver his address immediately after the
forum, prior to the welcome reception.
Social Events
n Welcome Reception Sunday, September 25, 2016
n SEG Awards Ceremony Tuesday, September 27, 2016
n Gala Dinner Tuesday, September 27, 2016
n Tethyan tectonics (Celal Sengr)
n Tethyan metallogeny (Jeremy Richards)
n Archeology of Tethyan mining (TBD)
n Future of mining (John Thompson, SEG 2016
Distinguished Lecturer)
n European metallogeny (Feren Molnar)
n Balkans magmatism and metallogeny (Alex Miskovic)
n Timing of mineralization in eastern Europe
(Albrecht von Quadt)
n Metallogeny of central Tethys (Robert Moritz)
n Magmatic evolution and metallogeny of Turkey (lkay Kuscu)
n Magmatic evolution and metallogeny of Iran (Ali Sholeh)
n Tethyan magmatic-hydrothermal deposits in China
(Yongjun Lu)
n Tethyan sedimentary-hosted deposits, China to Iran
(Yucai Song)
n Tethyan ophiolites (Yldrm Dilek)
n India-Asia collision and tectonics (Mike Searle)
n Sedimentary-hosted ore deposits (David Leach)
n Tethyan laterites (Richard Herrington)
n Evaporite exploration (Cengiz Demirci)
n Reconstruction of the Tethyan (Nurbike Sad)
n Discovery in the Timok district, Serbia (Dejan Kozelj)
n Discovery in the Reko Diq district, Pakistan (Abdul Razique)
n Central Asian orogenesis and metallogeny
(Alexander Yakubchuk)
n Arabian-Nubian orogenesis and metallogeny (Peter Johnson)
n North American Cordillera orogenesis and metallogeny
(Richard Goldfarb)
n Exploration trends in the Tethyan (Richard Schodde)
n Tethyan challenges and opportunities (Richard Sillitoe)
n Andean orogenesis and metallogeny (Constantino Mpodozis)

Attention Students: Cash prizes will be awarded to the best oral and poster presentations by students.
Winners will be announced at the SEG Awards Ceremony at the Sheraton esme Hotel.
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 29
The number of places is limited for the following events. Preference will be given to SEG 2016 Conference registrants.
Visit the SEG 2016 Conference website for short course and eld trip updates (www.seg2016.org).
PRE-CONFERENCE COURSES
Porphyry Copper Deposits
SC 1
from Magmas to Ore
Minerals
DATES SaturdaySunday
September 2425, 2016
LOCATION Sheraton esme Hotel
PRESENTERS John Dilles
Kalin Kouzmanov
Description
Porphyry-type deposits are the prin-
cipal world sources of copper and
molybdenum, and important sources of
gold and silver. This short course is an
introduction to magmatic, hydrother-
mal, and ore-forming processes, with
examples of the geology of important
and well-studied deposits. The goal is
to provide participants with knowledge
of the basic characteristics of host
rocks, styles of alteration and mineral-
ization, and present-day understanding
of ore-forming processes in porphyry
systems, based on recent scientic
advances using modern analytical stud-
ies from the kilometer to micron scale.
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($795)
Non-members ($895)
Student members ($395)
Non-member students ($445)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($895)
Non-members ($995)
Student members ($445)
Non-member students ($495)
Short Courses
Volcanology for mapping projects in volcanic succes-
SC 2
sions. No prior volcanology training is
Exploration Geologists
required.
DATES SaturdaySunday
September 2425, 2016 n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
LOCATION Sheraton esme Hotel
Members ($595)
PRESENTER Jocelyn McPhie
Non-members ($695)
Description Student members ($295)
This short course will help partici- Non-member students ($345)
pants acquire the knowledge and skills n LATE REGISTRATION
needed for exploring, mining, and (August 1, 2016):
researching in volcanic terranes. It com- Members ($695)
bines fundamental information on how Non-members ($795)
volcanoes work and what they produce Student members ($345)
with practical information on how to Non-member students ($395)
name, describe, and log volcanic facies
in the eld and in drill core. Lectures
will cover kinds of volcanoes, eruption
Exploration Geochemistry:
SC 3
styles and products on land and under
water, effects of hydrothermal alter- Putting Principles into
ation on volcanic rocks, and breccias Practices
DATE Sunday
September 25, 2016
LOCATION Sheraton esme Hotel
PRESENTER Peter Winterburn
Description
An understanding of the fundamen-
tal geochemical concepts of element
distributions and relationships from a
global level to a mineral deposit scale
will be combined with sampling theory
and practices to provide a model-based
geochemical exploration workshop.
Sampling strategies, sample types, and
key analytical methodologies will be
discussed, leading into multi-element
strategies for data interpretation and
in mineralized volcanic environments.
The relationships between volcanic and
ore-forming processes will be reviewed
for important volcanic-associated ore
deposit types (VMS, epithermal Au-Ag,
porphyry Cu, komatiite-hosted Ni, kim-
berlite-hosted diamonds). This course
is intended for geologists engaged in
regional- or deposit-scale mapping or
in drilling programs in volcanic suc-
cessions for the purpose of mineral
exploration (especially VMS, epithermal
Au-Ag, porphyry Cu) and for geolog-
ical survey geologists embarking on
 30 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016

target selection and prioritization. The
course will focus on porphyry-style
mineralization, although other non-
porphyry examples will be discussed.
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($495)
Non-members ($595)
Student members ($245)
Non-member students ($295)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($595)
Non-members ($695)
Student members ($295)
Non-member students ($345)
Exploration Geophysics
SC 4
Short Courses
geophysics for all common mining
exploration methods as well as some of
the whole-earth geophysical methods
that are important for understanding
larger scale tectonics and geoscience.
This is both an introductory applied
course as well as an update for those
that may have studied geophysics some
time ago.
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
geophysical characteristics that have
Members ($495)
been found to be successful in the
Non-members ($595)
exploration for and discovery of a
Student members ($245)
variety of epithermal deposits.
Non-member students ($295)
n EARLY REGISTRATION
n LATE REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($795)
Members ($595)
Non-members ($895)
Non-members ($695)

Student members ($395)

Student members ($295)
for Geologists Non-member students ($445)
Non-member students ($345)
DATE Sunday n LATE REGISTRATION
September 25, 2016 (August 1, 2016):
LOCATION Sheraton esme Hotel Members ($895)
PRESENTER Alan King POST-CONFERENCE COURSES Non-members ($995)
Student members ($445)
Description Non-member students ($495)
Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits:
SC 5

This course is designed to clearly Geological Characteristics,

communicate the basic principles and
common applications of geophysics to
Ore-Forming Processes,
Exploration Methods, and Structural Geology in
SC 6

geologists. The course reviews essen-

tial principles, based on most peoples
intuitive understanding of the physics
of the world around themthat is,
geophysics without equations. The
course is focused on, but not restricted
to, mining exploration and is designed
to give geologists the tools they need
to demystify, understand, and apply
Discoveries
DATES ThursdayFriday
September 2930, 2016
LOCATION Sheraton esme Hotel
PRESENTERS Stuart Simmons
Steve Enders
Description
Epithermal deposits host substantial
resources of gold and silver that are
often blind to the surface and that
are sometimes very high grade. This
course covers their geological set-
ting and ore-forming processes, and
the exploration methods that enable
discovery. Emphasis is placed on
interpreting hydrothermal alteration
patterns to understand the depth-
level of exposure and proximity to
upflow zones in which epithermal
deposits form. In addition, we
provide many examples, a few case
histories of discovery, and a review
of the geological, geochemical, and
Hydrothermal Deposits:
From Drill Core to Arcs
DATES ThursdayFriday
September 2930, 2016
LOCATION Sheraton esme Hotel
PRESENTERS Brett Davis
Richard Tosdal
Description
Hydrothermal uid ow depends criti-
cally upon a permeability fabric formed
by deformation, magmatic, and sedi-
mentary processes. Mapping those fab-
rics at all scales, ranging from drill core
to magmatic arcs, requires an under-
standing of how the fabrics form and
their relationship with hydrothermal
ow and mineral reactions. This course
examines the formation and destruc-
tion of permeability and how these
features are recognized, mapped, and
incorporated into a structural model
of an ore-forming system. Emphasis is
placed on porphyry Cu and epithermal
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 31

Short Courses
Targeting in Tough Times: in terms of required geologic and

SC 7
systems, as these are common deposits
present within the Tethyan orogen.
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($795)
Non-members ($895)
Student members ($395)
Non-member students ($445)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($895)
Non-members ($995)
Student members ($445)
Non-member students ($495)
Economic and Geologic economic characteristics for new
discoveries?
Aspects of Copper and Gold
Exploration Course materials will draw on a broad
DATES ThursdayFriday range of international case studies with
September 2930, 2016 emphasis placed on the copper and
LOCATION Sheraton esme Hotel gold sectors.
PRESENTER Michael Doggett n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Description Members ($595)
This two-day course will address the Non-members ($695)
issues that face exploration groups Student members ($295)
in a changing and challenging global Non-member students ($345)
environment for the mineral industry.
n LATE REGISTRATION
These issues include uctuating com- (August 1, 2016):
modity prices and exchange rates, the Members ($695)
capital crisis facing many junior explor- Non-members ($795)
ers and developers, and the refocus of Student members ($345)
senior companies on quality rather than Non-member students ($395)
size of assets. We will examine how
these topics impact on the minimum
tonnage-grade conditions required to
justify the cost and time of discovering
new economic deposits. A number of
questions will be addressed:
c Is the current downturn just another
trough in the cycle or indicative of a
more prolonged period of slowing of
growth in the commodities market?
c Will we go back to looking for the
same deposit types in the same
places when the market improves?
c What can we learn from the pipeline
of known undeveloped deposits

SEG 2016 Registration Open

Early Registration
until July 31, 2016
SEG/MJD Member - $690
Non-member - $790
SEG/MJD Student Member - $250
Student Non-member - $300
Late Registration
August 1September 15, 2016
SEG/MJD Member - $790
Non-member - $890
SEG/MJD Student Member - $300
Student Non-member - $350
On-site Registration
September 2328, 2016
SEG/MJD Member - $890
Non-member - $990
SEG/MJD Student Member - $350
Student Non-member - $400

Register online at www.seg2016.org/registration.html

All registration fees are in US dollars and include VAT.

SEG reserves the right to cancel short course or eld trip events
should minimum attendance numbers not be met by July 31, 2016.
Refer to www.seg2016.org/registration.html#policy for cancellation policy.
 32 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
The number of places is limited for the following events. Preference will be given to SEG 2016 Conference registrants.
Visit the SEG 2016 Conference website for short course and eld trip updates (www.seg2016.org).
PRE-CONFERENCE FIELD TRIPS
Biga Peninsula:
FT 1
Au-Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn Deposits
Pre-conference eld trip
departure and return site: Izmir
September 2024, 2016
Field Trip Leader
n Nuri Ceyhan, MSc. Principal
Geologist, Teck Madencilik A.S.
(Subsidary of Teck Resources)
Description
Biga Peninsula in northwestern Turkey,
located within the Tethyan metallo-
genic belt, is an emerging gold-copper
district with a number of new discov-
eries in the last two decades. Mineral
deposits of the Biga Peninsula district
are dominated by magmatic arc-related
hydrothermal systems. Epithermal
Au-Ag (HS & LS), porphyry Au-Cu-Mo
and base-metal skarn deposits are
associated with Tertiary calc-alkaline
magmatism and include the economi-
cally most important deposits. We will
visit Ovack (Au), Tepeoba (Cu, Mo, Au),
Balya (Pb, Zn) active operations and
Kestanelik (Au), TV Tower (Au, Ag, Cu),
and Halilaa (Au, Cu, Mo) deposits. Dis-
cussions on the current understanding
Halilaga looking north
Ovack Mine Open Pit
Field Trips
of the geology, genesis of the
deposits, discovery history,
and key outcrops and deposit
visits will be the main focus
of the trip. In addition to site
visits, participants will have the
opportunity to visit the ancient
cities of Troy and Pergamon on Turkey Borate
the return trip to Izmir.
n ATTENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($1195)
Non-members ($1295)
Student members ($595)
Non-member students ($645)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1295)
Non-members ($1395)
Student members ($645)
Non-member students ($695)
Borate Deposits of
FT 2
Western Turkey
LED
EL
Pre-conference eld trip
CANC
departure and return site: Izmir
September 2124, 2016
Field Trip Leader
n Cengiz Demirci, Ph.D., M.Sc., SAIMM;
General Manager, Asia Minor Mining
Description
This excursion will examine the dep-
ositional mechanism, mineralogical
setting, and operational characteristics
of borate deposits in the Western Tur-
key district. The largest global borate
deposits known are in central and
western Turkey, including the Krka
(Eskisehir), Emet (Ktahya), and Biga-
di (Balkesir). Turkey produces about
half of the global yearly demand,
through Eti Mine Works (Turkish: Eti
Maden Isletmeleri), a Turkish state-
owned mining and chemicals company
focusing on boron products. It holds a
government monopoly on the mining
of borate minerals in Turkey, which
possesses 72% of the worlds known
deposits.
The deposits in the Emet and Krka
region are mainly Ca-borate and Na-
borate, respectively. The Kirka deposit
appears to be the largest Na-borate
deposit in the world.
This is an opportunity for discussion
of pertinent topics: Why is Emet mostly
colemanite with no borax, whereas Krka
is predominantly borax? What is so
different in the origin of the very rare
sodium borate deposits? What is the
mechanism of the hydrothermal leaching
of boron from upper crustal sediments
and ophiolites as a possible major con-
tributor to boron in the lacustrine brine?
What is the role of marine sediments?
n ATTENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($995)
Non-members ($1095)
Student members ($495)
Non-member students ($545)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1095)
Non-members ($1195)
Student members ($545)
Non-member students ($595)
Balkans I: Tour of
FT 3
Timok Complex, Serbia
Pre-conference eld trip departs
from Belgrade and returns to Izmir
September 2124, 2016
Field Trip Leaders
n Tim Livesey, Chief Operating Ofcer,
Reservoir Minerals Inc.
Description
The focus of this trip is on gaining
an understanding of the geology and
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 33
Bor Open Pit
metallogeny related to the Timok Mag-
matic Complex (TMC), located in the
Timok Mountains of eastern Serbia,
~150 km SE of the capital, Belgrade.
The TMC itself is an approximately
north-south, lozenge-shaped belt of
extrusive and intrusive units emplaced
during the late Cretaceous.
The trip will help us build a geo-
logic framework in which to place the
many varied mineral deposits of the
district. Bor Region, has been mined
for over a century, has a total of over
23 Moz gold and 14 Mt copper endow-
ment. The trip will include overview
of RTBs Bor and Veliki Krivelj open pit
Cu-Au porphyry deposits and opera-
tions, Freeports Cukaru Peki JV deposit
(Cu-Au epithermal and porphyry) and
Avalas sediment-hosted Bigar Hill and
Korkan epithermal gold deposits. There
will be also opportunity to review
the drill cores from Cukaru Peki and
sediment-hosted gold deposits.
n AT TENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July Not
ion2016):
t31,
i s t r a
Reg
Members ailable
Y e t A v($1595)
Non-members ($1695)
No student rates
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1695)
Non-members ($1795)
No student rates
Ksladag Mine
Field Trips
POST-CONFERENCE FIELD TRIPS
Tour of Western Turkey
FT 4
with a Mix of Porphyry-
Epithermal Deposits
Post-conference eld trip depar-
ture and return site: Izmir
September 2930, 2016
Field Trip Leaders
n Ycel ztas, Chief Geologist
(Ksladag) TUPRAG Metal
Madencilik San. Tic. A.S. (subsidiary of
Eldorado Gold Corporation)
n Nadir Aslan, Chief Geologist
(Efemukuru) TUPRAG Metal Maden-
cilik San. Tic. A.S. (subsidiary of Eldo-
rado Gold Corporation)
Description
The Eldorados Ksladag porphyry and
Efemukuru epithermal vein gold
deposits are two of main gold mines
located in western Turkey. This trip will
visit their agship Ksladag open pit
and Efemukuru underground oper-
ations, and through a combination of
presentations and inspections of the
selected drill core, the current under-
standing of the geology and genesis of
the deposits will be discussed. Partici-
pants will also have an opportunity to
examine details of Sardes historical site
on the way to Ksladag. All trip partic-
ipants will be guests of Eldorado and
will need to abide by the occupational
health and safety requirements of the
operations while on site.
n ATTENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($695)
Non-members ($795)
Student members ($345)
Non-member students ($395)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($795)
Non-members ($895)
Student members ($395)
Non-member students ($445)
Central Anatolian Au
FT 5
Deposits and Volcanism
Post-conference eld trip
departing from Izmir and
returning to stanbul/Ankara
September 29October 2, 2016
Field Trip Leader
n Prof. Vedat Toprak, Energy Projects
Manager, Asia Minor Mining
n Bahri Yldz, General Manager, Stratex
Madencilik Sanayi ve Ticaret ltd. Sti.
(subsidiary of the Stratex Internation-
al Plc, UK)
Description
Central Anatolia is part of the Tauride-
Anatolide block. There are two types
of Au deposits in the district. The rst
includes the high suldation-type
Au-Ag and high level Au porphyry
deposits related to a stratovolcano
that occurred in the Miocene-Pliocene
volcanic belt, including the Central
Anatolian Volcanic Province, observed
between Tauride on the south and
Anatolide on the north. The other type
includes the thrust-related, structurally
controlled gold deposits (Kaymaz and
Himmetdede) occurring in the Anato-
lian block. The Kaymaz gold deposit,
associated with the listwanite in the
serpentinite, and Himmetdede gold
deposits, hosted in the limestone, will
be visited. In addition to these, we
will see the kst high suldation
epithermal deposit and study the Dev-
elidag eroded stratovolcano, HS type
alteration and mineralization, diatreme
and phreatic breccia in the Upper
 34 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
Kaymaz Open Pit
Cappadocia
Miocene-Pliocene age andesitic volca-
nics. Participants will examine drill core
from the deposit. In addition, we will
visit the Miocene-Quaternary Central
Anatolia Volcanic Province, which is
composed of ignimbrite and lava ows.
Finally, old cave houses and churches
that were dug at about 300BC by the
rst Christians around the Cappadocia
will be examined.
All trip participants will be guests
of Koza and Centerra and will need to
abide by the occupational health and
safety requirements of the operations
while on each site.
n AT TENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($1095)
Non-members ($1195)
Student members ($545)
Non-member students ($595)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1195)
Non-members ($1295)
Student members ($595)
Non-member students ($645)
Field Trips
VMS Deposits of
FT 6
Eastern Pontides
Post-conference eld trip
departing from Izmir and
returning to stanbul
September 29October 2, 2016
Field Trip Leaders
n Kemal Revan, Ph.D., General Director-
ate of Mineral Research and Explora-
tion (MTATrabzon)
n Deniz G, Ph.D., General Directorate
of Mineral Research and Exploration
(MTATrabzon)
Description
The Eastern Pontides district is richly
endowed in world-class Kuroko-type
volcanogenic massive sulde (VMS)
base metal mineralization and related
deposit styles. Key examples of these
systems will be examined, including
Murgul, ayeli and Lahanos-Kzlkaya
deposits. The Murgul, Lahanos-Kzlkaya
and ayeli VMS deposits occur in the
Eastern Pontide tectonic belt, one of
the major tectonic units comprising
Anatolia. They are hosted by Late Cre-
taceous dacitic to rhyolitic rocks over-
lain by thin layers of pelitic sediments.
ayeli is currently being mined by First
Quantum for zinc and copper. Murgul
and Lahanos deposits are operated
by Eti Bakir for base metals. Although
Lahanos and Kzlkaya deposits were
mined out in the past for zinc and
copper, both are now subject to new
drillings to develop new reserves. The
region is considered to be one of the
major metallogenic districts since it is a
host to numerous Kuroko VMS deposits
ayeli
of varying sizes and reserves, with fairly
similar geochemical and mineralogical
characteristics.
All trip participants will be guests
of First Quantum and Eti Bakir during
ayeli and Murgul-Lahanos visits respec-
tively and will need to abide by the
occupational health and safety require-
ments of the operation while on site.
n ATTENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($1295)
Non-members ($1395)
Student members ($645)
Non-member students ($695)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1395)
Non-members ($1495)
Student members ($695)
Non-member students ($745)
Eastern Turkey: pler
FT 7
Porphyry-Epithermal
Deposits
Post-conference eld trip
departing from Izmir and
returning to stanbul
September 29October 2, 2016
Field Trip Leaders
n Serge Smolonogov, Geology
Manager, Alacer Gold Corp.
n Devrimer Yavuz, Chief Geologist,
Alacer Gold Corp.
Description
The eld tour provides an overview
of Paleogene pler epithermal and
porphyry deposit of Eastern Turkey. The
trip will include pler gold operations
and prospects in the district. Partici-
pants will have a chance to observe
some of the characteristic geology and
mineralization of Paleogene magmatic
complex within the Western Tethys.
The pler epithermal Au deposit and
related subeconomic porphyry Cu-Au
deposit is hosted by the middle Eocene
pler-Kabatas magmatic complex in
central eastern Anatolia. The intrusive
rocks of the complex were emplaced
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 35
into Late PaleozoicMesozoic metamor-
phosed sedimentary basement rocks
near the northeastern margin of the
Tauride-Anatolide block. The deposit
is located along the northern anks of
the Munzur Mountains, roughly 3 km
southeast of the Euphrates River.
All trip participants will be guests of
Alacer (Anagold) and will need to abide
by the occupational health and safety
requirements of the operations while
on site.
n AT TENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($1195)
Non-members ($1295)
Student members ($595)
Non-member students ($645)
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1295)
Non-members ($1395)
Student members ($645)
Non-member students ($695)
Madem Lakkos
All registration fees are in US dollars and include VAT.
SEG reserves the right to cancel short course or eld trip events
should minimum attendance numbers not be met by July 31, 2016.
Refer to www.seg2016.org/registration.html#policy for cancellation policy.
Field Trips
pler Mine
Balkans II: Tour of Greece
FT 8
and Bulgaria with a Mix of
Porphyry-Epithermal Depos-
its and Recent Discoveries
Post-conference eld trip
departure site: Izmir
September 29October 3, 2016
Field Trip Leader
n Dr. Panagiotis Voudouris, Associate
Professor, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens
n Chris Siron, Eldorado Gold Corporation
Description
This eld trip will introduce participants
to the geology and mineralization that
characterizes selected gold deposits in
Greece and Bulgaria. It will include site
visits to Eldorados gold operations and
development projects in Greece and
Dundees gold deposit in Bulgaria.
The Skouries porphyry gold-copper
deposit is a Miocene pencil-porphyry
stock that intruded into schists and
gneisses within the Serbo-Macedonian
massif. The Olympias and Stratoni
orebodies are Au-Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu carbon-
ate replacement deposits hosted in
marbles of the southern Rhodope core
complex. Sapes Au-Cu-Te deposit is a
telescoped porphyry-epithermal system
with spectacular outcrops of advanced
argillic alteration within an eroded
Oligocene volcanic edice. Perama Hill
is an epithermal high suldation gold
deposit hosted within sandstone, con-
glomerate, and andesite of the Petrota
graben. Dundees Adatepe development
project located in south of the town of
Krumovgrad in southeastern Bulgaria
is an epithermal low suldation adu-
laria-sericite gold-silver deposit hosted
within Paleocene sedimentary rocks
overlying the Kessebir core complex.
Kavala is a newly-recognized intru-
sion-related gold system (IRGS) with
gold-rich sheeted veins hosted within
the Miocene Kavala granodiorite. The
eld tour will also include tourist-type
site visits in both countries.
All trip participants will be guests of
Eldorado and Dundee and will need to
abide by the occupational health and
safety requirements of the operations
while on site.
n ATTENDEE MAXIMUM: 20
n EARLY REGISTRATION
(until July 31, 2016):
Members ($1695)
Non-members ($1795)
No student rates
n LATE REGISTRATION
(August 1, 2016):
Members ($1795)
Non-members ($1895)
No student rates
 36 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
GA 1 One-Day
Ephesus and irince Tour
From Seluk, the group travels to the ancient
city of Ephesus and the House of the Virgin
Mary. The tour visits the Temple of Artemis
(Diana), Ephesus, which is known to be the
commercial, religious, and social center of
antiquity, and the Isa Bey Mosque. The village
of Sirince, an Aegean village of 600 inhabi-
tants, follows, with a wine house visit.
Ancient City of Ephesus
GA 2 One-Day
eme and Alaat Tour
In zmir, this tour visits eme and Alaat.
Starting from esme Castle, an example of
Ottoman architecture, the group will visit
esme Museum, followed by tours of Alaat
and its harbor, a paradise for yachting enthusi-
asts. Alaat, with its narrow cobbled streets and
whitewashed houses and shutters of blue and
green, features upscale shops and restaurants.
eme
GA 3 One-Day
Urla City and Wine-Tasting Tour
Urla dates back to 3000 BC and is rich in
archaeological nds and ruins. The town was
ruled by the Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byz-
antines, Seljuks, and Ottomans. In addition,
For Guest Activities dates and fees, visit www.seg2016.org/guest-activities.html
Guest Activities
viewing the wine-production process and
wine-tasting are part of the tour.
Urla Vineyard
GA 4 One-Day
zmir City and Sardes Tour
The zmir tour starts with a drive to the top of
Mount Pagus for panoramic views of the city
and Bay of zmir from the walls of Kadifekale,
an ancient fortress built by Alexander the
Great. Visits to zmirs museums of archaeology
and ethnography, the Ottoman clock tower, and
extensive bazaar follow. The tour then visits
the ancient city of Sardes.
zmir
GA 5 Two-Day, One Night
Ayvalk, Cunda Island, Pergamon, Troy,
and anakkale Tour
Examples of neoclassical architecture in Ayvalk
houses and Cunda Island as well as amlk are
tour highlights. Devils Table (eytan Sofras) is
a stop, and Lale Island, where many churches
Troia Horse, anakkale
and monasteries are located. Free time is fol-
lowed by a trip to anakkale. On the second day,
the tour visits the ancient city of Troy, the Tem-
ple of Athena, and Bergama (Pergamum), which
is the site of the Red Basilica, a temple to the
Egyptian god Osiris converted to a basilica by
early Christians.
GA 6 Two-Day, One Night
Ephesus and Pamukkale Tours
A visit to the ancient city of Ephesus, House
of the Virgin Mary, and the temple of Artemis
(Diana) on the rst day are followed on day two
by a trip to Pamukkale Travertines, the center
of natural thermal spring waters, with pure,
white-colored travertines and stepped water
terraces on the mountain slope. The ancient
city of Hierapolis is also visited, as well as the
Anatolia necropolis, with 1,200 gravestones.
Pamukkale Travertenies
GA 7 Two-Day, One Night
Cappadocia Tour (airfare included)
The tour starts from Devrent Valley, with its
unique geological formations. Visits are to
less frequently toured places such as Paaba
and the fairy chimneys of Cappadocia. There
will also be an opportunity to see Avanos, as
well as Byzantine art at the Goreme Open-Air
Museum. Uhisar Castle is the highest point in
the region, with a panoramic view over Cappa-
docia and hiking trails to Rose Valley, Pigeons
Valley, and Kaymakli underground city.
Cappadocia
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 37

Sponsors
PATRON Invitation to Sponsors
SEG invites all prospective
sponsors to review the
opportunities listed below
and contact us should you
PREMIER have any questions or sug-
gestions. We thank those
sponsors who have already
risen to the occasion and
are listed on this page and
GOLD on the conference website
www.seg2016.org.
Thank you for your consid-
eration and support!
/ is a subsidiary of Eldorado Gold Corp.

SILVER Mesut Soylu

Steve Enders
Brian Hoal

BRONZE
Dawn Zhou

SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES
Sponsorship funds will directly support student attendance and related costs
PATRON PREMIER GOLD SILVER BRONZE
CATEGORY/COST (US$) 30,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000
Complimentary Meeting Registrations 5 4 3 2 1
Complimentary Exhibit Booth Double Booth Single Booth Single Booth n/a n/a
Front/Back, 1 Ad Large 1 Ad Medium 1 Ad Small
Pocket Program Advertising Color Full Page Half Page Quarter Page n/a
Flyer in Attendee Bag n/a n/a
Special Invitation to Student Mentoring Forum
Logo Projection at all Sessions & Exhibit
Logo Recognition on Special Publication
& All Printed Materials
Logo on Conference Home Page
Logo on Sponsors Page with link to
Company Website
Logo Recognition on all
SEG e-Communications
Sponsor Logos will be tiered
For information on conference sponsorship opportunities, contact Nikki Morrison, Marketing and Fundraising Coordinator
Society of Economic Geologists, Inc. 7811 Shaffer Parkway Littleton, Colorado, USA 80127-3732
E-mail: nikkimorrison@segweb.org Tel: +1 (720) 981-7213 Fax: +1 (720) 981-7874
 38 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016

Exhibition

15
28

16
29

17
30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
18
31

19
32

20 21 22 23 Coffee 24 25 26 27
33 34 35 36 Station 37 38 39 40
Reserved
General
Available

41 42 43 44 45
Complimentary Reserved
(Patron, Premier,
For exhibitor list, visit www.seg2016.org/ and Gold sponsors) Available
exhibiting-opportunities.html#oorplan
41 42

Exhibition Spaces US$2,360 (includes VAT) Booking an Exhibition Space

Included: Conference Organizer:
n Area measuring 3m wide x 2m deep ZED Event Management and Consultancy
seg2016@zed.com.tr
n Booth structure with side walls and back wall Tel. +90.312.219 57 00 / ext. 393 (local #)
n Header board with your company name Contact: idem zdemir
n Table and two chairs, lighting, power (extension
cord), and waste bin
Exhibition Hours
n Your organization listed on the conference
website Sunday, September 25
Set up 12:00 pm5:00 pm
n Two complimentary exhibitor registrations includ- Welcome Reception 6:00 pm8:00 pm
ing all receptions
Monday, September 26
9:30 am6:30 pm
OGLAR Tuesday, September 27
OL
J 9:30 am6:30 pm
EN JE

ID
ERNE

M D
Wednesday, September 28
AD

9:30 am3:30 pm
M
2011
Tear down from 3:30 pm
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 39

10th Ore Deposits Models and Exploration Workshop

Meng-xi Wang, Changan University, Xian, China

The 10th annual Ore Deposits Models Royal Society of Canada, lectured on
and Exploration Workshop was held ore deposit models and exploration

at Changan University, Xian, China,
on November 1114, 2015, for the
purpose of communicating the latest
achievements in ore deposits research
around the world and for enhancing the
exploration level for mineral resources
in China.
This popular workshop was spon-
sored by the Society of Economic Geolo-
gists (SEG), Society for Geology Applied
to Mineral Deposits (SGA), Changan
University, and the Xian Center of the
Geological Survey, China Geological
Survey (CGS). Changan University,
the chief organizer, is a key university
administered by the Chinese Ministry of
Education and is supported by Project
211. It focuses on educating profes-
sionals in road traffic engineering, land
resources and the environment, and
urban and rural construction. Professor
Jiangang Jiao of the School of Earth Sci-
ence and Resources, Changan Univer-
sity, Professor Steven Scott of the Earth
Sciences department at the University
of Toronto, and his wife, Joan Scott,
directed the affairs of the workshop,
including daily laboratory sessions.
Nine economic geologists from four
countries introduced the metallogenic
models of world-class deposits and their
applications in exploration, and dis-
played in the lab suites of typical sam-
ples from important deposits around
the world. Instructors were as follows:
n Steven Scott (SEG 1974 FL): Emer-
itus Professor at the University of
Toronto, Fellow (Academician) of the
for VMS and sea-floor massive sulfide
deposits;
n David Leach (SEG 1979 SF): Former
senior research geologist at the U.S.
Geological Survey, former President of
the SGA, lectured on MVT and Sedex
deposits;
n Noel White (SEG 1993 F): Former
chief geologist of the giant Austra-
lian company BHP, Professor of Hefei
University of Technology, lectured on
ore deposit models and their use in
exploration with case histories as well
as on iron ores;
n Richard Goldfarb (SEG 1989 F):
Senior research geologist at the U.S.
Geological Survey and former Pres-
ident of the SEG, lectured on gold
deposits;
n David Cooke (SEG 1992 F): Deputy
Director of CODES, the Australian Re-
search Councils Centre for Excellence
in Ore Deposits, and a Professor at
the University of Tasmania, lectured
on porphyry and intermediate/low
sulfidation epithermal deposits;
n Chusi Li (SEG 1997 F): Senior scien-
tist at Indiana University, lectured on
magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposits;
n Kaihui Yang (SEG 2002 F): Former
president of Asia Now Resources and
now a consultant to the Zijin Mining
Group, lectured on Chinese mineral
exploration;
n Zhaoshan Chang (SEG 2004 F):
Professor at the James Cook Uni-
versity, lectured on high-sulfidation
epithermal deposits and on skarns;
SEG NEWS
At the opening ceremonies, Chairman Steve
Scott delivers his final welcoming speech, mark-
ing his 10 years as organizer of the workshop.
Prof. Huayong Chen will take over as organizer
beginning this year.
n Huayong Chen (SEG 2010 F): Pro-
fessor at the Guangzhou Institute of
Geochemistry, Chinese Academic of
Sciences, lectured on iron-oxide Cu-
Au (IOCG) deposits.
There were 176 delegates registered
for this workshop. They came from four
countries and 53 organizations, includ-
ing 8 universities, 11 research centers
and institutes, and 34 geological teams
and mining companies.
Steve Scott and Joan Scott have
organized this annual workshop during
the past 10 years and have now retired.
The next workshop will be organized
by Professor Huayong Chen (huayong-
chen@gig.ac.cn), and held in Haikou,
Hainan Province, China, on November
712, 2016. 1

A group photo of workshop attendees, instructors, and organizers on the campus of Changan University.
 40 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016

ROUND I 2016 STUDENT CHAPTER FUNDING PROPOSAL

STUDENT MEMBER
Submission Deadline is April 30, 2016!
AND CHAPTER
SEG Stewart R. Wallace Fund Student Chapter Support Available
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Student chapter funding support is available from the SEG Stewart R. Wallace Fund. Wallace, who
served as the SEG President in 1992, is well known in the exploration community, especially for c Student Chapter Funding
his role in the discovery of molybdenum at what became the Climax and Henderson mines. Active Support, Round I, 2016
student chapters may submit requests for funding of field-based educational activities. application deadline is
April 30, 2016.
The application can be found at
www.segweb.org/pdf/forms/Student-Chapter-Funding-Guidelines-Form.pdf. For more news and
Please note that in order for your application to be accepted, your SEG Student Chapter information about
SEG student
must be active.
activities, go to
must have submitted an Annual Report by the September 30, 2015, deadline.
www.segweb.org/
STUDENT NEWS

must have submitted an updated Student Chapter Membership Information Form with the
students
Annual Report.
must meet ALL other eligibility requirements as outlined in the Student Chapter Guidelines.

Applications that are organized and detailed may be successful in receiving up to US$1,500.00 SEG Welcomes New
(possibly more, for exceptional applications). The 2016 budget will be comparable to 2015 for Student Chapters:
those student chapters submitting successful applications. We encourage all chapters to seriously University of Portsmouth,
consider the assessment criteria used by the Student Affairs Committee in planning your activ- United Kingdom
ities to ensure the best chance of receiving the highest level of funding. The assessment criteria Middle East Technical
are clearly stated on the Student Chapter Funding Form. Prompt and complete applications University (METU),
are appreciated by Student Programs. Turkey

Visit www.segweb.org/StudentChapterGuidelines for more details. This brings our

Contact studentprograms@segweb.org with any questions and total chapters to
to report chapter revisions and updates. 96 in 31 countries.

s Through T i
r g in me
Ma

Whitehorse, YT
GAC R
-MAC 20 16

Whitehorse 2016 Donald J. Birak Geologist

Fellow - SEG www.birakconsulng.com
GAC -MAC Joint Annual Meeting

Registered Member SME Email: djbirak1@outlook.com
Fellow AusIMM Mobile: +1.208.699.4015
June 1-3, 2016
Nestled in the heart of the northern Cordillera, Consulting to the Minerals Exploration and Mining Industry
Yukons capital Whitehorse is surrounded by diverse
Experience Integrity Reliability Innovation
geology spanning the Proterozoic to present. Join us
for a multi-disciplinary technical program with a PAID ADVERTISEMENT
strong economic geology focus, including special
sessions on ore petrology, till and stream sediment
indicator minerals, and metallogeny of the
Cordilleran margin.

Field trips will highlight the hardrock and placer

geology of the Klondike gold fields, VMS and orogenic
gold systems in southeast Alaska, epithermal silver
mineralization in the Keno Hill district, and SEDEX
deposits in the Anvil Range (Faro) region.

Come join us for some unforgettable geology and our

famous Yukon hospitality!

www.whitehorse2016.ca PAID ADVERTISEMENT

 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 41

SEG Foundation Student Field Trip No. 15

Porphyry Systems of Central and Southern British Columbia

August 1725, 2016
Leaders: James Logan (SEG 2001 F), PGeo and Tom Schroeter (SEG 1988 F), PEng/PGeo
This will be No. 15 in the continuing series of SEG Foundation (SEGF)-sponsored student field trips, and will be co-sponsored
by the SEG Canada Foundation (SEGCF). The trip will transect the central Stikine, Cache Creek, and Quesnel terranes of
British Columbia, which host an impressive variety of porphyry Cu-(Au, Mo, Ag) deposits, especially those from the prolific
Late Triassic-Early Jurassic event. Five operating mines and two exploration properties will be visited, comprising porphyry
deposits of pre-accretion calc-alkalic type (Gibraltar, Highland Valley Copper, and Woodjam Southeast zone), pre-accretion al-
kalic type (New Afton, Copper Mountain, and Woodjam Deerhorn and Megabuck zones), and post-accretion calc-alkalic types
(Huckleberry and Maggie). The geology and mineralization of these diverse deposit types will be examined; their similarities

STUDENT NEWS
and differences, ore reserves, mining methods, metallurgy, economics, and environmental considerations will be discussed.
Further information will be announced in the April 2016 SEG Newsletter and posted on the SEG website.
Active SEG Student Members enrolled at an accredited university are eligible to apply and must submit the Student
Application Form by May 31, 2016. Acceptance is competitive and limited to 16 students per trip. Selected students will
be notified between June 8 and 15, 2016, and will be awarded travel grants to attend the trip. Selected students must confirm
participation within two days of the notification date. The Student Application Form and further information on the field
trip will be posted at www.segweb.org/StudentFieldTripProgramplease check frequently for updates. If you are considering
applying for this trip, we recommend you also apply for a passport now or ensure you have a current passport and travel visa
into Canada (if required).
CALL FOR MENTORS
Student Field Trip No. 15 seeks up to four professional geologists to participate as mentors. These mentors will share their
industry experiences and perspectives with the students and discuss career opportunities in economic geology. Professionals
selected for this trip will pay a modest fee that covers their travel during the field trip (by charter motor coach), accommoda-
tions, all breakfasts and lunches, and the closing dinner; travel to and from the trip is the responsibility of the mentor.
Interested professionals should email their current rsum, together with a statement of interest, to Borden R. Putnam,
Chair SEGF Student Field Trip Program, at bputnam@mionecapital.com.
General inquiries should be directed to Vicky Sternicki, Student Programs, at studentprograms@segweb.org.

Application Deadline: May 31, 2016

PAID ADVERTISEMENT
 42 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016

STUDENT CHAPTER REPORT SUMMARIES

Escuela Politcnica Nacional

Escuela Politcnica Nacional (Quito, Ecuador)
hosted a talk by William X. Chvez, Jr. (SEG 1990
F), on December 9, 2015, entitled Desafos en Ex-
ploracin Minera:Son los Modelos Pragmticos
de Exploracin Guas Efectivos? (Challenges in
Mineral Exploration: Are Pragmatic Models Effec-
tive Exploration Guides?). This event was attended
by geological engineering students and professors
STUDENT NEWS

at Escuela Politcnica Nacional as well as industry

professionals, in addition to SEG Student Chapter
members.
Luis Miguel Navarret, Student Chapter President Bill Chvez gives his presentation to a rapt audience.

Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)

The UFRGS SEG Student Chapter held the event, First
Symposium of Mineral and Energy Resources, in collabo-
ration with the American Association ofPetroleum Geol-
ogists (AAPG) UFRGS Student Chapter. The participation
of mining and energy company employees and academics
brought new insights to students from UFRGS. A variety
of topics on mineral and energy resource themes were
covered, including metallogeny, mineral exploration and
mining, stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of sedimenta-
ry basins, stratigraphic framework of sedimentary basins,
and methods of exploration. Fifteen presentations were
given during the three day-event. In addition, a three-day
field trip was held with the support of Votorantim Metais,
Society of Economic Geologists Foundation (SEGF), and
Students during their visit tothe historical tunnels of Camaqu Mines, which AAPG Latin American Region. Twenty students of earth
arecurrently managed by VotorantimMetais. sciences visited points of geologic interest in the state of
Rio Grande do Sul.
Support of local businesses allowed the students to make many contacts with industry representatives, an essential step for a
career in the mining and energy business.
Pedro Henrique Sulzbach de Andrade , President, SEG UFRGS Student Chapter

James Cook University Field Trip

The James Cook University SEG Student Chapter held a field trip to
the North Island of New Zealand on November 1020, 2015. Eleven
students and professionals from Argentina, Chile, France, Germany,
Mongolia, Switzerland, the United States, and Australia met in Auck-
land to begin a traverse from Auckland to Wellington to learn about
ore-forming processes in an active arc setting.Topics covered included
mineral exploration, mining, metallurgy, volcanology, and geother-
mal processes, with a broad exposure to economic geology on New
Zealands North Island. Highlights included hiking the Rangitoto
Volcano, and visits to the Glenbrook steel mill, the Martha gold mine,
White Island, the Wai-O-tapu and Waimangu geothermal fields, and
Tongariro Alpine Crossing.
This trip would not have been possible without the generous sup- Field trip participants gather for a photo at the Martha open pit
port of our sponsors and industry participants whose contributions mine. Back row (l-r): Matthew, Stephanie, Alister, Walter, Helge,
enabled us to offer a reduced student participation fee. Nick, Michael. Front row (l-r): Natalie, Oodoo, Gautier, Jaime.

See all Field Trip Reports at www.segweb.org/studentchapters

 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 43

STUDENT CHAPTER REPORT SUMMARIES (cont.)

New Mexico Institution of Mining and Technology

The New Mexico Institution of Mining and Technology SEG Student
Chapter organized a field course, Ore Deposits of Northern Chile,
January 715, 2016. They were joined by students from the Universi-
ty of Texas at Austin, University of Minnesota-Duluth, and Northern
Kentucky University, along with exploration geologists from Teck
Resources, Sumitomo Metals, and First Quantum Minerals, for visits to
iron oxide copper-gold, epithermal, and porphyry ore deposits in the
Copiap-to-Antofagasta regions.

STUDENT NEWS
The course provided participants the opportunity to visit operating
mines and prospects, get an overview of mine geology, and review drill
cores, with emphasis on the geochemistry of mineral deposits and their
Course participants with Nick Lindsay and Gabril Irusta at Parque
economic geology. Visits included the La Candelaria deposit, the Nue- Nacional Nevado Tres Cruces and the Salar de Maricunga.
va Esperanza district, the Pompeya high-sulfidation epithermal system
in the La Coipa district, the Antucoya porphyry system, the Sierra Gorda Cu-Mo porphyry system, and the artisanal Comahue
mine. The group also visited Chiles famous Parque Nacional Nevado Tres Cruces, the Salar de Maricunga, and the orbicular
granite outcrop near Caldera, Chile.
The Student Chapter would like to thank the Stewart R. Wallace Fund award committee for its critical support of our field
course, and Dr. William X. Chvez, Jr. for leading an exceptional and informative trip.
Rodrigo F. Embile Jr. MSc FGS

University of Leicester
Field Trip to North Wales
In November 2015, the Student Chapter ran a three-
day field trip to Porthmadog, Wales. The group of 30
visited Minffordd Quarry, owned and run by Tarmac
Ltd. The quarry extracts microgabbro for use in asphalt
production. An introductory talk was given on quarry
processes, including extraction, crushing, grading and
material transport with aggregate being used for road
chipping, rip-rap, 8-mm asphalt chipping, and MOT
The group gathers for a photo in front of the quarry workings at Minffordd. building stone. This was followed by a trip to a pelite
and psammite exposure. A visit to the Llechwedd Slate
Caverns followed. This visitor attraction near Blaenau Ffestiniog consisted of an exhibition on the history of local mining and
Bounce Below. The latter is a network of trampolines and slides mounted to the walls of an abandoned slate mine at heights
up to 180 ft. The trip gave students an opportunity to see how old mines can be reinvented after their geological use, to still be
an economic income for locals.
We thank our hosts, Tarmac Ltd, Ffestiniog Railways, and Llechwedd Slate Caverns.
Miles Orton (20152016 Field Trip Secretary) and Rosalind Walker (20152016 President)

Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM, Peru)

Field Trip to Centinela Mining District and Pucamarca Mine
August 29, 2015
Field trip participants left Lima on a flight to Tacna, Peru, on August 2,
then drove to Calama. The first stop on the field trip was at Centinelas
property, the Esperanza and El Tesoro mines, located in Region II of An-
tofagasta (Chile). Mine geologists described the regional and local geology
and the group was given access to drill core. Next, we visited the Pucamar-
ca mine. After a safety briefing, geologic engineers reviewed area geology
and gave us access to drill core, followed by a tour of the open pit mine,
where we were able to collect samples. Unfortunately, one planned stop, to The group poses with their field trip guide, Dr. Wolfgang
Chuquicamata, was canceled owing to a strike. Morche.
 44 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016

Advancing Science and Discovery

Founded in 1920, SEG has 7,000+ members in 105 countries committed to
excellence in the science, discovery, documentation, interpretation, evaluation,
and responsible development of mineral resources. SEG is renowned for
publications, including the journal Economic Geology, and activities that meet
the essential professional and scientific needs of its diverse membership.

Key Benefits of Membership

(professionals and Students)
Members and Student Members have access to a network of fellow
explorationists and essential research materialinvaluable assets in todays
demanding employment market.

Education and Training Curriculum

Discounted rates for all SEG continuing education events (conferences,
short courses, workshops, and field trips).

Advancing Science and Discove

ry Since 1905 Economic Geology
Economic
Advancing Science and Discovery
The leading journal in our field includes access
Geology
BULLETIN OF
THE SOCIETY NEWSLETTER
w w w. s e g w e b . o r g
to an archive of 9,000 articles from 1905.
OF ECONOMIC
GEOLOGISTS www.segweb.org
5
VOLUME 110 / NUMBER

AUGUST 2015

JANUARY 2015 USA-CANADA

MIDCONTINENT RIFT,
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Whole-rock lithogeochemi a.) Hydrothermal alteration

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trace metals to average e
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of chalcophile and lithophile IN THIS viaISSUE ARGILLIC
elements Spruce Road Cu-Ni-PGE Deposit, PyCp Minnesota
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 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 45
Notice: Views expressed in the Exploration Reviews do not necessarily reflect those of the Society of Economic
Geologists, Inc., and columnists are solely responsible for ascertaining that information in this section is correct.
To read additional Exploration Reviews for individual countries, please log in at www.segweb.org/newsletter.
ALASKA
Regional Correspondent:
Curtis J. Freeman (SEG 1996)
Avalon Development Corp.
P.O. Box 80268
Fairbanks, AK 99708
Phone: 907-457-5159, Fax: 907-455-8069
E-mail: avalon@avalonalaska.com
Website: www.avalonalaska.com
Over the last quarter, the winds of
change have buffeted Alaskas mining
industry, as they have buffeted the
industry in every other jursidiction on
the planet. Most of the news has been
negative, but, from a global perspec-
tive, the big dog in the pen was the
dramatic and unexpected run-up in
the price of gold, which moved from
a low of $1,078 per ounce to a high
of $1,246, most of which occurred
after February1. Although profit-tak-
ing and other factors have pushed the
price down a bit, the move was both
dramatic and unforeseenemphasis
on the latter! As you might guess, the
ether is full of talking heads telling us
why it went up, why it either wont stay
up or will stay up, and what the price
increase means for the mining indus-
try, for bullion speculators, and for our
solar system. But all of this explanatory
noise came after the fact. What I want
to know is who, if anyone, accurately
predicted the gold price run-upthats
the Nostradamus I want to buy a cou-
ple of beers! On the Alaska-centric side
a recent publication by University of
Alaska Anchorages Institute of Social
and Economic Research brought to light
some surprisingly bright news regarding
the costs and benefits of administering
the mining industry here in Alaska.
Authored by Bob Leoffler and Steve Colt
and entitled Fiscal Effects of Commer-
cial Fishing, Mining and Tourism, the
publication reviewed the states costs
of administering these three economic
engines, as well as the revenue gener-
ated for state coffers by these industries.
The mining industry is the only one of
the three industries studied that gener-
ates more revenue to the state than it
costs to administer. Wait, what, a profit
EXPLORATION REVIEWS
center inside Alaska State government?
Yes, the mining industry costs the state
about $15 million per year to adminis-
ter, while it contributes over $96 million
per year in revenue to the state coffers.
Compare that to almost $97 million
and $55 million in costs to adminis-
ter the fishing and tourism industries,
respectively, versus revenue generation
of $70 million and $54 million for
those same industries. And, finally,
from both a global and Alaska-centric
point of view comes the recent round-
table discussion hosted by the Northern
Miner, sponsored by PearTree Securities
and entitled New Frontiers in Mining
Finance. The roundtable discussions
were focused on a survey conducted
by the host where 450 industry leaders
were asked a series of mining finance
questions. In some cases, the responses
told us more about human nature than
about global mineral trends. For exam-
ple, only 58% of those polled had a
bullish or neutral outlook for the min-
ing sector. Not surprising at all, given
the depressed markets and commod-
ities prices over the last several years.
However, a whopping 74% of the same
respondents said they had a bullish or
neutral outlook for their own company.
Wait, what? So the other companys
future is dismal, but the future for our
company is so bright we have to wear
sun glasses? Really? And then there are
mining deals financed via crowdfund-
ing. Yes, Dorothy, crowdfunding. As it
turns out, some $65 billion was raised
last year via this financial mechanism
and its use is growing in the mining
finance sector. Unfortunately, almost
one-third of the mining respondents
polled considered themselves unfamiliar
with crowdfunding, while only 6% said
they were familiar with it. In addition,
a full 34% of those polled said crowd-
funding was the method that inspired
the least amount of confidence for
funding in the mining industry. And
confidence in the mining industry is
currently at millennium-level lows. I
am not aware of any mining activity in
Alaska that has been financed by crowd-
funding in the past, but I have spoken
to several entities that are considering
it for the near term. I think it is safe to
say that, if it has not already happened,
crowdfunding of an Alaska mineral
project will happen in the near future.
Sounds pretty out there to me, but who
knows, maybe we should follow Mae
Wests advice when choosing between
the lesser of two evils: pick the one we
havent tried before?
AUSTRALASIA
Regional Correspondent:
Russell Meares (SEG 1996)
Malachite Resources Limited
Sydney, Australia
EXPLORATION REVIEWS
E-mail: rmeares@malachite.com.au
Website: www.malachite.com.au
With contributions from:
Roger Thomson (SEG 1983)
Western Australia
Lucy Chapman (SEG 2000) Queensland
Andrew McNeill (SEG 2007) Tasmania
Tony Christie (SEG 1992) New Zealand
Andrew Rowett South Australia
Steve Russell (SEG 2009) NT
Brigitte Crowe NSW
Tyler Lamb Victoria
SUMMARY
While the Archean and Proterozoic ter-
ranes of Western Australia have been
the powerhouse driving the Australian
gold sector for many years, the Paleo-
zoic orogens of eastern Australia have
hosted a number of significant gold-rich
polymetallic deposits, with many hav-
ing VHMS affinities. Recent exploration
successes in the Lachlan Orogen of NSW
(detailed below) are building on this
mineral inventory with the discovery of
new deposits and lenses of high-grade
massive sulfides in old mining camps.
Downhole geophysics is playing a major
role in these discoveries.
New Gold operates five underground
mines in the Cobar district, where the
deposits typically consist of clusters
of parallel lenses within cigar-shaped
envelopes with over 1 km of vertical
extent. The companys recent explora-
tion efforts have resulted
in the discovery of two to page 46 . . .
 46 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
. . . from page 45 Exploration Reviews (continued)
new zones of mineralization, Chronos
and Anjea, both located immediately
adjacent to current and past-producing
ore deposits within the main 9-km-long
mine corridor. Chronos is a zone of
Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization located
directly above the Perseverance orebody,
which is currently in production and
is adjacent to the Peak mill. Anjea is a
zone of Cu-Au-Ag-Pb-Zn mineralization
located adjacent to the historic Great
Cobar mine. With recent intersections
of 9 m at 310 g/t Au at Chronos and 43
m at 2.75% Cu at Anjea, these deposits
will no doubt extend the life of the
Cobar operations.
A further 100 km south in the same
belt, while Peel Minings Cobar-style
Mallee Bull Cu-Ag-Au discovery is advan-
cing through the resource definition
stage with recent intersections including
34 m at 4.60% Cu, the company has dis-
covered a new copper zone at its nearby
Wirlong prospect with intersections
EXPLORATION REVIEWS
including 9 m at 8.0% Cu and 38 m at
1.18% Cu. Due to the electrically con-
ductive nature of most Cobar-style min-
eralization, resulting from its dominant
chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite mineralogy,
downhole EM is guiding ongoing drill
hole targeting at both these projects.
And although Argent Minerals
Kempfield project, located near the
eastern margin of the Lachlan Orogen,
was initially known as a barite occur-
rence with minor base metals, system-
atic exploration by the company is
revealing a system of stacked and zoned
VHMS lenses, grading from an Ag-Ba
lens at the original stratigraphic top of
the deposit through deeper Pb-Zn-Ag
lenses, and recent drilling has recently
intersected a deeper Cu-Au lensthe
classical zonation pattern of metals seen
in VHMS deposits. The low conductivity
of the zinc-rich mineralization at Kemp-
field has led to the very effective use of
the magnetometric resistivity (MMR)
technique for drill hole targeting.
And the final good news chapter in
the growing NSW polymetallic story is
being written by Heron Resources at
their Woodlawn Zn-Cu VHMS project,
located northeast of Canberra. Again
due to the conductive character of the
massive sulfide mineralization, the com-
pany has used downhole EM very effec-
tively to discover new lenses and now
has a total of 12 lenses of polymetallic
mineralization in its resource inventory,
with the project currently in feasibility.
Also see the online version for more
exciting exploration news from Down
Under.
MEXICO
Regional Correspondent:
Erme Enriquez (SEG 1984 F)
E-mail: ermegeo@gmail.com
MEXICO EXPLORATION
In recent months, exploration activity
has risen due to significant discoveries
in Mexico. News about exploration
activity ranges from financing compa-
nies to companies performing diamond
drilling. Below is a brief history of a few.
Canarc Resource Corp. acquired El
Compas mine in Zacatecas with 173 koz
Au and 1.8 Moz Ag combined indicated
and inferred resources. Ore grades are
on the order of 6.5 for indicated and
4.2 g/t Au for inferred resources. Hecla
Mining reported starting operations on
its San Sebastian mine in Durango last
December.
Drilling at Southern Silvers El Sol-
Blind zone intercepted an intersection
of 12.8 m at 348 g/t AgEq, and 3.5 m
at 646 g/t AgEq at the Mina La Bocona
zone was intercepted at its Cerro de Las
Minitas project in Durango. Replace-
ments and veins characterize Cerro De
La Minas, which has geologic potential
for exploration in the surrounding area.
Endeavour Silver reported high-grade
drilling results from its Terronera prop-
erty in Jalisco. Best results are 5.6 m at 4.3
g/t Au and 3,875 g/t Ag. Gold Resource
Corp. continues having good drilling
results in the extensions of the Arista
vein, intercepting up to 5.5 m at 14.2 g/t
Au, and the Marena vein, with intersec-
tions up to 3.3 m at 12 g/t Au, 150 g/t Ag,
0.7% Cu, 7.6% Pb, and 24% Zn.
In January, Orex Minerals intercepted
61 m (43-m true thickness) at 369 g/t Ag
with its first hole at the Sandra-Escobar
project in Durango. In February, Orex
again reported good intercepts from this
property with hole SA-16-006 giving
37-m core length (33.5-m true thickness)
at 328 g/t Ag. The property is explored
by a partnership between Orex Miner-
als and Canasil Resources. Orex has an
option to earn up to 65% interest in the
project through total cash and share
payments of $1,000,000 and exploration
expenditures of US$4,000,000 over five
years.
MAG Silver Corp. announced
that it has completed its previously
announced bought deal financing and
has issued 8,905,000 common shares at
US$7.30 per share, for gross proceeds of
US$65,006,500. The company intends
to use the net proceeds of the offering
(1) to fund development and explo-
ration expenditures at the Juanicipio
project and (2) for working capital and
general corporate purposes.
NORTHERN
EURASIA
Regional Correspondent:
Alexander Yakubchuk (SEG 1999 F)
Orsu Metals Corp, London, UK
E-mail: ayakubchuk@orsumetals.com
Detailed information can be found at
http://gold.prime-tass.ru
NORTHERN EURASIA
GENERAL
Traditionally, not much exploration
news is reported over the holiday sea-
son. This year, it was further damped
by the ongoing global malaise on
the exploration front. Some news is
reported below for Russian deposits.
The Russian Ministry of Natural
Resources announced its plans to intro-
duce a JORC-like classification system in
2018 after consultation with the mining
companies.
Polymetal International plc and
Polyus Gold announced a JV to develop
the Nezhdaninskoye gold deposit in
Yakutia. Polymetal will initially receive
15.3% after an investment of $18 mil-
lion, $8 million of which will be spent
on the project in 15 months. After
this, Polymetal will receive an option
to acquire 50% in the JV by investing
$72 million to be used for construction
of the underground mine. All work at
Nezhdaninskoye has been on hold since
2005. Since 1975, the pilot operation
was processing 180 ktpa at an average
grade of 7.6 g/t Au. According to the
Russian GKZ, C1 + C2 categories con-
tain 20.3 Moz Au at 5.1 g/t.
OOO Mednogorsk Copper-Sulfur
Combine, part of UGMK, announced
its intention to spend ca. $14 million
on exploration at the Elanskoye and
Elkinskoye nickel deposits in the Voro-
nezh region, Russia. This is an amount
similar to that spent in 2015 when the
company drilled 38,000 m at Elanskoye
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 47
and 17,000 m at Elkinskoye. The explo-
ration work is scheduled for comple-
tion in 2016. Beginning of mining is
expected in 2022. Initial resource esti-
mates for Elanskoye included 500 kt Ni,
50 kt Cu, and 10 kt Co.
Kopy Goldfields prepared resource
estimates for the GKZ on the Krasnoye
gold deposit in the Bodaibo area, Irkutsk
region, Russia. The C1 + C2 categories
include 305 koz Au, whereas total
resources (including P category) are 598
koz.
In Magadan, Polymetal acquired a
Nizhniy Birkachan prospect near its
existing mine with P resources of 14 t
gold and 34 t silver at an auction, pay-
ing about $120,000 to the government.
In Kyrgyzstan, Chaarat Gold Hold-
ings Ltd estimated an initial CAPEX
of $684 million for construction of the
mine at Chaarat. The AISC is estimated
to be $635.2/oz. The mine would pro-
duce 211 koz annually during 18 years.
The mineral resources are 53 Mt at
2.79 g/t Au for 4.7 Moz Au contained.
The principal shareholders of Chaarat
Gold are Labro Investments (25.2%),
China Nonferrous Intl Mining Co
Ltd (8.23%), and First State Stewart
(7.23%), with 11.81% held by directors.
Stans Energy Corp filed another
complaint to the UN Arbitration against
Kyrgyzstan to dispute a license revoca-
tion on its Kutessay REE project.
CONTIGUOUS
UNITED STATES
Regional Correspondent:
Roger C. Steininger (SEG 1978)
COO & Director, Acquisitions & Exploration
NuLegacy Gold Corp.
4790 Caughlin Parkway, #765
Reno, NV 89519-0907
Phone: (775) 742-6333
E-mail: audoctor@aol.com
PAID ADVERTISEMENT
Pilot Gold announced positive drill
results from its initial program at the
Goldstrike property in Washington
County, Utah. Goldstrike is a past pro-
ducer (about 200,000 ounces of gold),
and Pilots program emphasizes several
points that are becoming a common
theme in Great Basin gold exploration.
Pilot used the extensive historic data-
base and current knowledge of Carlin-
type gold systems to focus drilling that
expands the mineralized footprint. Gol-
drush and Iceberg are other examples
of this approach. This is also another
example showing that Carlin-type sys-
tems can be discovered in Paleozoic
platform rocks, outside of the known
gold trends. Other examples are Long
Canyon and Kinsley.
The Carlin trend continues to reveal
its treasures. Premier Gold Mines, with
its JV partner Barrick Gold, has dis-
covered deep high-grade gold at South
Arturo. At the Northeast Button Hill tar-
get, a recent drill hole encountered 90 ft
(27.4 m) of 0.75 opt Au (25.7 g/tonne).
Rye Patch continues to expand
known gold mineralization along the
Oreana trend (Pershing County, NV) east and apparently has great potential
with the announcement of significant
gold and silver assays from drilling
along a north-south structural zone at
Gold Ridge.
Quattera Resources released results
from two additional holes that are part
of the Bear copper deposit exploration
program in the Yerington district (Lyon
County, NV). Both holes expanded the
area of known mineralization to the
north, but the intercepts were below
1,500 feet and the average copper grades
were 0.26% and 0.36%.
Columbus Golds partner Carnavale
Resources encountered anomalous
gold, silver, lead, and zinc in drill holes
along the Rattler shear zone at the Red
Hill project in extreme eastern Nevada,
NEVADA EXPLORATION GIS DATA SETS
MINERAL OCCURRENCES
GEOCHEMISTRY
GEOLOGY
GEOGRAPHY
GEOPHYSICS
CULTURE
POLITICAL
website: www.greatbasingis.com
email: jlaravie@frontiernet.net
phone: 775-777-8223
northeast of Ely. What caught my
attention was the statement that the
property was within the prolific Carlin
trend. Really? That is a long projection,
including a dogleg left.
A couple of other brief notes: Otis
Gold is planning a drill program at
Kilgore in Idaho, and NuLegacy Gold
has acquired Barricks 30% interest in
Iceberg and now owns 100% of the
property.
The big boys have gotten into the
act of reporting significant exploration
news. Newmont is projecting commer-
cial production from Long Canyon
(Elko County, NV) in the first half of
2017 and, in a newly released presenta-
tion, shows significant drill results from
outside the defined deposit.
Barrick announced noteworthy
results from three Nevada properties:
Cortez Hills, Goldrush, and Turquoise
Ridge. At Cortez Hill the Deep South
zone is moving forward with a reported
reserve of 1.7 million ounces of gold
averaging 11 g/tonne Au within a
EXPLORATION REVIEWS
resource that is still open to south. Tur-
quoise Ridge is still open to the north-
for expansion. At Goldrush the size of
the potentially economic deposit has
been reduced to better fit the economics
of the times. The new resource is 8.6
million ounces with an average grade
of 10.58 g/tonne, with initial produc-
tion from the planned underground
mine anticipated in 2021. Drilling on
the Fourmile target, about 3 km north
of Goldrush, has identified significant
thickness with average grades at and
above one ounce per ton gold. Both
Fourmile and Goldrush are open in
many directions. 1
HIGHEST QUALITY
Au
PAID ADVERTISEMENT
 48 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016

PRELIMINARY
2016 Education and Training Curriculum

The following is a preliminary list of short courses (SC) and field trips (FT) scheduled for 2016.
SEG reserves the right to cancel courses or modify speakers, topics, and locations.
Official registration information will be available about three months prior to the courses.
Visit segweb.org/events for the latest updates on courses and events!

SEG Short Course/Field Trip SEG SC/FT Dates Conference Dates Venue/Location Presenter(s)/Leader(s)

SC Geology of Granite-Greenstone January 2324 AME BC Roundup Vancouver, Poulsen, Robert

Terranes and Their Mineral Deposits January 2528 Canada

SC Mineral Resource Estimation: February 7 Mining Indaba Cape Town, Duggan

An Introduction February 811 South Africa

SC The Metallogeny and March 45 PDAC Toronto, Leach, Franklin,

Exploration for Zinc Ores March 69 Canada Megaw

SC/FT SEG-SGA-UNESCO April 2030 N/A Copiapo, Chile Hedenquist,

Latin American Metallogeny Mpodozis, Sillitoe,
Course Tornos, Fontbot

SC Exploration in the 21st Century May 19 SIMEXMIN Ouro Preto, Aguirre

May 1518 Brazil

FT SEGF Student Field Trip to August 1725 N/A Central and Schroeter, Logan
Porphyry Deposits of BC, Canada Southern BC

SC Gold Deposits: Their Geology, August 2728 35th IGC Cape Town, Goldfarb, Simmons
Geochemistry, and Genesis August 27 South Africa
September 4

SC Economic Geology 101 August 28 35th IGC Cape Town, Robb, Kinnaird
EDUCATION & TRAINING

August 27 South Africa

September 4

FT1 Biga Peninsula: September 2024 SEG 2016 Departs from Ceyhan
Au-Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn Deposits September 2528 and returns to
zmir, Turkey

FT2 Borate Deposits of September 2124 SEG 2016 Departs from Demirci

CAN
Western Turkey CELLED September 2528 and returns to
zmir, Turkey

FT3 Balkans I: Tour of September 2124 SEG 2016 Departs from Livesey
Timok Complex, Serbia September 2528 Belgrade, Serbia and
returns to zmir, Turkey

SC1 Porphyry Copper Deposits September 2425 SEG 2016 Sheraton Hotel, Dilles, Kouzmanov
from Magmas to Ore Minerals September 2528 esme, Turkey

Please note that the 2016 calendar is provisional.

Dates, locations, and courses subject to change. For up-to-date information, see www.segweb.org/events.
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 49

2016 Education and Training Curriculum (continued)

SEG Short Course/Field Trip SEG SC/FT Dates Conference Dates Venue/Location Presenter(s)/Leader(s)

SC2 Volcanology for Exploration September 2425 SEG 2016 Sheraton Hotel, McPhie
Geologists September 2528 esme, Turkey

SC3 Exploration Geochemistry: September 25 SEG 2016 Sheraton Hotel, Winterburn

Principles to Practices September 2528 esme, Turkey

SC4 Exploration Geophysics September 25 SEG 2016 Sheraton Hotel, King

for Geologists September 2528 esme, Turkey

SC5 Epithermal Au-Ag Deposits: September 2930 SEG 2016 Sheraton Hotel, Simmons, Enders
Geological Characteristics, September 2528 esme, Turkey
Ore-Forming Processes,
Exploration Methods, and Discoveries

SC6 Structural Geology in September 2930 SEG 2016 Sheraton Hotel, Davis, Tosdal
Hydrothermal Deposits: September 2528 esme, Turkey
From Drill Core to Arcs

SC7 Targeting in Tough Times: September 2930 SEG 2016 Sheraton Hotel, Doggett
Economic and Geologic Aspects September 2528 esme, Turkey
of Copper and Gold Exploration

FT4 Tour of Western Turkey with a September 2930 SEG 2016 Departs from zta, Aslan
Mix of Porphyry-Epithermal September 2528 and returns to
Deposits zmir, Turkey

FT5 Central Anatolian Au Deposits September 29 SEG 2016 Departs from Toprak, Yldz
and Volcanism October 2 September 2528 zmir and returns
to stanbul/
Ankara, Turkey

FT6 VMS Deposits of September 29 SEG 2016 Departs from Revan, G

Eastern Pontides October 2 September 2528 zmir and returns

EDUCATION & TRAINING

to stanbul, Turkey

FT7 Eastern Turkey: pler September 29 SEG 2016 Departs from and Simolonogov, Yavuz
Porphyry-Epithermal Deposits October 2 September 2528 returns to zmir-
stanbul, Turkey

FT8 Balkans II: Tour of Greece September 29 SEG 2016 Departs from Voudouris, Siron
and Bulgaria with a Mix of October 3 September 2528 and returns to
Porphyry-Epithermal Deposits zmir, Turkey
and Recent Discoveries

FT Silver City Mining District September 2024 GSA Silver City, Idaho Saunders, Brueseke,
Field Trip September 2528 USA Gillerman

SC Senior Exploration Management November 29 N/A Littleton, Colorado Hronsky, Suchomel,

December 2 Margeson, Bussey,
Welborn
 50 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016

35TH
INTERNATIONAL
GEOLOGICAL
CONGRESS
27 AUGUST - 4 SEPTEMBER 2016 I CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA

The IInternational Geological Congress (IGC) is the principal event of the International
U of Geological Sciences (IUGS) the 35th congress will be held in Cape Town,
So Africa between 27 August and 4 September 2016.

The GEOSCIENCE
IN THE ECONOMY strand currently covers 13 major themes and
offers some 46 symposia selected for their relevance and topicality to the resource
industry at the present me (see hp://www.35igc.org/Themes) . A large number of
indus
workshops
work and short courses are currently also on offer, including 2 offered specifically
by the
th SEG, namely Gold Deposits: Their Geology, Geochemistry and Genesis and a
new offering
o Economic Geology 101. Other relevant workshops include Infrared Core
Imaging:
Imag An Emerging Technology For Geological and Mining Applicaons, Geological
Mapping
Mapp Techniques and GIS-based Mineral Prospecvity Modelling. Two of the
themes
them aracng most aenon are:

1. Mineral
Mi Exploraon; and
EDUCATION & TRAINING

2. Mineral
Mi Deposits and Ore Forming Processes
See the
t website hp://www.35igc.org/Themes for all themes.

A fascinang
fasc field-trip programme is currently being rolled out across the length and
breadth
bread of the Connent. See hp://www.35igc.org/Verso/173/Field-Trips.

AAb
b act submission will close on 29 February 2016; Early-Bird registration rates are
ccu
u ntly available and will close on 31st May 2016.

www.35igc.org

IGC 2015_ Advert (A4)_ Rev 1.indd 3 2015/12/03 12:17:09 PM

 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 51

SEG EVENTS | segweb.org/events

SEG Workshops at 35th IGC

Gold Deposits: Their Geology, Geochemistry, Economic Geology 101
and Genesis (Sat-Sun 27-28 August, 2016) (Sun 28 August, 2016)

Description:
This two-day work-
shop is for those
who want to improve
their understanding
about the geology
and genesis of gold
deposits. The course
will provide a com-
prehensive overview
of all aspects of the
geology of gold ores
in arc environments
and metamorphic terranes. Geology, geochemistry, mineralogy,
alteration, structure, tectonics, and exploration approaches will
be covered for the main gold deposit types.
Presenters:
Richard J. Goldfarb was senior research
geologist with the Minerals Program of the U.S.
Geological Survey, where he was employed
for more than 32 years. His expertise is in the
geochemistry and geology of ore deposits, with
emphasis on Phanerozoic orogenic gold. Earlier
career work concentrated on the Tertiary oro-
genic gold deposits of southern Alaska. Results
were used to develop ore genesis models for
giant gold deposits. In recent years, Rich has conducted detailed
studies on the distribution of orogenic gold deposits through space
and time. He has senior- and co-authored more than 195 refereed
publications in economic geology.
Description:
This one-day course
will introduce partici-
pants to the discipline
of economic geology in
terms of opportunities for
career paths and for aca-
demic research. A series
of short modules on ore
deposit topics, prepared
by experts in the field,
will range from global metallogeny to deposit scale analysis.
Presenters:
Laurence Robb was Professor of Economic
Geology at the University of the Witwatersrand
(Wits), South Africa, 2001-2005, and Director
of its Economic Geology Research Institute
(EGRI). He is currently Visiting Professor in the
Department of Earth Sciences at the University
of Oxford. He has worked for over 30 years on
many the great mineral districts of the African
continent and is currently involved in research
on the metallogeny of Myanmar/Burma and
Western Sahara. He served as a technical consultant with The
Mineral Corporation and remains directly involved with various
exploration ventures in Africa.
Judith A. Kinnaird has spent most of her career
as a University lecturer and has taught at Univer-
sity College Cork in Ireland as a distance tutor for

EDUCATION & TRAINING

Stuart F. Simmons is a research geoscientist at
EGI-University of Utah and a consulting geo-
scientist, with >30 years experience in hydro-
thermal processes, epithermal mineralization,
and geothermal resources. Much of his profes-
sional career was spent in New Zealand, at the
Geothermal Institute, University of Auckland. As
a consultant, Stuart serves clients around the
Pacific Rim in the exploration and development
of gold-silver and geothermal resources (web-
site: www.hotsolutions.co.nz).
the Open University in Scotland and Ireland. For
the last 13 years, she has been at the University
of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, where
she is Associate Professor. She is Deputy Direc-
tor of the Economic Geology Research Institute
within the University. Project interests include
dimension stone, gem deposits, Li-Be, Nb-Sn-W,
REE-U, and Pb-Zn mineralization. Current research includes plati-
num and chromium mineralization of the Bushveld Complex with a
focus on the northern limb, the link between the Damaran Orogen
of Namibia and the Katangan-Lufilian of Zambia, and uranium
deposits of southern Africa.

Early Registration Rates:
until May 31, 2016
Members (R6,000); (US$400)
Non-Members (R7,000); (US$467)
SEG Students (R3,000); (US$200)
Non-member Students
(R3,500); (US$233)
Standard Registration Rates: Early Registration Rates: Standard Registration Rates:
June 1, 2016 until May 31, 2016 June 1, 2016
Members (R7,000); (US$467) Members (R2,000); (US$133) Members (R3,000); (US$200)
Non-Members (R8,000); (US$533) Non-Members (R3,000); (US$200) Non-Members (R4,000); (US$267)
SEG Students (R3,500); (US$233) SEG Students (R1,000); (US$67) SEG Students (R1,500); (US$100)
Non-member Students Non-member Students Non-member Students
(R4,000); (US$267) (R1,500); (US$100) (R2,000); (US$133)
Approximately R15 = US$1
Register online at www.35igc.org
 52 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016

SEG EVENTS | segweb.org/events

SEG at GSA 2016

September 2528, 2016 Denver, Colorado, USA

Proposed SEG-Sponsored/Co-Sponsored Sessions

T3. Economic Geology of the Extensional Terrains T65: Precambrian Evolution and Mineral Resources
Alvis L. Lisenbee (South Dakota School of Mines and of the Midcontinent Rift Region: In Honor of
Technology) Zeynep O. Baran (South Dakota School of Mines William J. Hinze
and Technology) Benjamin J. Drenth (USGS - Denver) Joyashish Thakurta
T4. Geology and Mineral Potential at High Latitudes (Western Michigan University) William F. Cannon (USGS)
Garth Graham (USGS) Ray Kokaly (USGS)
T67: Under Cover: Exploration for Concealed Mineral
T5. Magmatic-Hydrothermal Ore Deposits: Metal Trans- Deposits, Mapping Concealed Terranes, and Relating
port from Source to Sink Crustal Architecture to Concealed Mineralizing Systems
Thomas Monecke (Colorado School of Mines) Karen Kelley Mark Bultman (USGS Tucson, AZ) Mark E. Gettings
(USGS) (USGS Tucson, AZ)
T6. Micro-analytical Techniques in Ore Deposit Research T212: Multifaceted Approaches to Understanding
Katharina Pfaff (CSM) Julien M Allaz (CU-Boulder)
Fluid-Fault Interactions in Natural Resources and
T7. Mineral Resources for Society: Honoring the Career Geologic Hazards
and Contributions to Economic Geology of Jean S. Cline Randolph T. Williams (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
R.J. Bodnar (Virginia Tech) John L. Muntean (University of Elizabeth Petrie (Western Colorado State University)
Nevada, Reno) Kelly Bradbury (Utah State University) Nick M.W. Roberts
(British Geological Survey, United Kingdom)
T9: Rare Earth and Critical Elements in Ore Deposits
E.E. Marsh (USGS) Philip L. Verplanck (USGS)

SEG Pre-Conference Field Trip

Mineral Deposits and Geology of the Silver City Mining District and
Owyhee Mountains, southwestern Idaho
Dates/Times: Arrive Tuesday evening at Silver City, ID, Sept. 20, 2016, depart 9:00 am Saturday Sept. 24
Field sessions: 9 am Sept. 21 through 6 pm Sept. 23
Note: This (SEG) eld trip will begin and end at Boise, ID airport (3.5 days duration)
EDUCATION & TRAINING

Leaders: Jim Saunders Matt Brueseke Virginia Gillerman

(Auburn U; saundja@auburn.edu) (Kansas State University) (Idaho Geological Survey)

Description
The Silver City district, located in the in the Owyhee Mountains of southwestern Idaho, lies ~80 km SSW of Boise. It is best known for
the world-class modern (1977-1998) open-pit low-sulfidation DeLamar Ag-Au deposit at DeLamar Mountain. However, similar ores
from War Eagle and Florida Mountains in the district were just as important as DeLamar in the early mining history of the district. The
most extensive study of the ores in the district was done by Waldemar Lindgren in the 1890s, where he apparently formulated his
early ideas about the nature of epithermal deposits. Lindgren documented the selenium-rich nature of the epithermal ores in the Silver
City district, and described for the first time the origin and significance of adularia in these ores. The geology of the Silver City area
consists of a basement of Cretaceous granitoid correlative with the Idaho batholith, which is unconformably overlain by Miocene mafic
lavas, that are in turn overlain by Miocene rhyolite ows and tuffs. The paleosurface in the district is preserved locally and consists of
hot-spring sinter. During the early underground mining period (1860-1920), principal veins mined were the Orofino and Poorman veins
on War Eagle Mountain, the Black Jack-Trade Dollar vein on Florida Mountain, and a suite of smaller veins on DeLamar Mountain.
Principal ore minerals include: aguilarite, Se-rich acanthite, naumannite, and electrum, which precipitated from dilute solutions at
~180-280C. High-precision 40Ar-39Ar geochronology on adularia in the veins indicates that they formed almost synchronously with host
volcanic rocks at 15.4-16.3 Ma.
Visit www.segweb.org/events#16RGSAPRE for additional information

Please note that SEG reserves the right to cancel these events should minimum attendance numbers not be met.
For further information on cancellation policy, event photography, and dietary restrictions, visit www.segweb.org/tc.
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 53

SEG-SIMEXMIN Post-Conference One-Day Course

Exploration in the 21st Century Thursday, May 19, 2016
Presenter: Csar E. Aguirre (SEG 2016 Regional Vice President Lecturer)

EDUCATION & TRAINING

PAID ADVERTISEMENT
 54 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS
7811 Shaffer Parkway Littleton, CO 80127-3732 USA Tel: 1.720.981.7882 Fax: 1.720.981.7874 E-mail: seg@segweb.org
January 1, 2016 December 31, 2016 (or until December 31st of the year listed)
OFFICERS
Robert P. Foster, President Executive Committee
Brian G. Hoal, Executive Director Robert P. Foster, Chair
Richard J. Goldfarb
Harold J. Noyes, Treasurer Harold J. Noyes
Laurence J. Robb, President-Elect A. James Macdonald
Laurence J. Robb
Franois Robert, Past President Franois Robert
Brian G. Hoal, ex officio
A. James Macdonald, Vice President
for Regional Affairs (20152017) Audit Committee
Donald J. Baker, Chair
Regina M. Baumgartner, Vice
Richard J. Hall
President for Student Affairs
Barton J. Suchomel
(20142016)
Budget Committee
SEG Foundation Harold J. Noyes, Chair
David L. Kelley, President Donald J. Birak
Richard J. Goldfarb
SEG Publications Board
Brian G. Hoal, ex officio
Richard J. Goldfarb, Chair
Committee On Committees
Society for Geology Applied to
John F. H. Thompson, 2016, Chair
Mineral Deposits Anthony B. Christie, 2016
Jorge M. Relvas, President Sarah A. Gleeson, 2016
Jan Pasava, Executive Secretary Anthony C. Harris, 2016
Gema R. Olivo, 2016
COUNCILORS Franco Pirajno, 2016
2016 Distinguished Lecturer Committee
David J. Hall Stewart D. Redwood, 2016, Chair
Jingwen Mao John H. Dilles, 2018
Mesut Soylu Julie A. Hunt, 2018
Keenan Jennings, 2018
2017
Kalin I. Kouzmanov, 2017
Howard C. Golden
Iain K. Pitcairn, 2016
Robert P. Moritz
Brian G. Rusk Education and Training Committee
Laurence J. Robb, 2016
2018 (President-Elect & Chair)
Timothy Baker Robert P. Foster, 2016 (President)
Kevin B. Heather Franois Robert, 2016
Adam C. Simon (Past President)
Richard J. Goldfarb, 2016
PUBLICATIONS BOARD (Publications Board Chair)
2016 William X. Chvez, Jr., 2016
Sarah A. Gleeson (Field Trip Coordinator)
Richard J. Goldfarb, Chair Elizabeth R. Sharman, 2016
Stuart F. Simmons (Member-at-Large)
Roberto P. Xavier, 2016
2017 (Member-at-Large)
Zhaoshan Chang Brian G. Hoal, 2016
Patrick Mercier-Langevin (Executive Director) ex officio
2018 Elizabeth Holley, 2016
Claire M. Chamberlain (Program Coordinator) ex officio
SEG FOUNDATION OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES FOR 2016
Brian G. Hoal, ex officio
Lawrence D. Meinert, 2016
Economic Geology Editor Richard L. Bedell
John E. Black, 2016, Past President
REGIONAL G. Bradford Margeson
VICE PRESIDENTS 2017
2016 Ruth A. Carraher, 2016, Secretary
Antoni Camprubi Mexico, Central David L. Kelley, 2016, President
America, and the Caribbean Stuart R. McCracken, 2016,
Vice President
2017
MEMBERSHIP
Michael N. Venter Africa SEG CANADA FOUNDATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2016
David R. Cooke Australasia
Jens Gutzmer Europe Gerald G. Carlson, President
Neil D. Adshead
2018
Sally L. Eyre
Kezhang Qin Asia
Marina A. Yudovskaya North Dean W. A. McDonald
Eurasia John M. Morganti
Roberto P. Xavier South America Edward J. Reeve
COMMITTEES
Fellowship Admissions Society Traveling Lecturers
Committee Committee
Carolyn D. Anglin, 2016, Chair A. James Macdonald, ex officio,
Huayong Chen, 2017 20152017, Chair
Roy D. Corrans, 2016 Christine A. Horrigan,
Enrique Grez, 2016 Lecturer Coordinator
Simon M. Henderson, 2016
Hendrik F.J. Theart, 2018 International Exchange
Lecturer Sub-Committee
Investment Committee
Cesar E. Aguirre, 2016,
Christopher E. Herald, 2016,
Coordinator
Chair
Donald J. Baker, 2016 Zhaoshan Chang, 2017
Donald J. Birak, 2016 David Craw, 2016
Xiaofeng Li, 2018
Richard J. Hall, 2016
Barton J. Suchomel, 2016 Thayer Lindsley Visiting
Harold J. Noyes, ex officio Lecturer Sub-Committee
Brian G. Hoal, ex officio
Philippe Muchez, 2016,
Lindgren Award Committee Coordinator
Adrian J. Boyce, 2016, Chair David P. Braxton, 2017
Louise Corriveau, 2018 Alan G. Galley, 2017
John J. Gurney, 2016 Ilkay Kuscu, 2017
Erin E. Marsh, 2018
Holly J. Stein, 2016 Regional Vice President
Lecturer Sub-Committee
Gustavo Zulliger, 2016
A. James Macdonald, Chair
Nominating Committee Regional Vice Presidents/
Franois Robert, 2016, Members
Past President & Chair
Brian G. Rusk, 2016 Student Affairs Committee
M. Stephen Enders, 2016
Regina M. Baumgartner,
A. James Macdonald, 2016
20142016, Chair
Jamie Wilkinson, 2016
John A. Clifford, 2017
Regina M. Baumgartner, 2016
Judith A. Kinnaird, 2016 Rowena C. Duckworth, 2018
Marta B. Franchini, 2016
Program Committee Victor Maksaev, 2016
STEERING COMMITTEE Mega F. Rosana, 2017
Franois Robert, 2016, Chair
Regina M. Baumgartner,
20142016, ex officio
A. James Macdonald,
20152017, ex officio
Laurence J. Robb, 2016,
ex officio
Brian G. Hoal, ex officio
MEETING COORDINATORS
Mesut Soylu, SEG 2016,
esme, Turkey
Richard J. Goldfarb, SEG 2017,
Beijing, China
2018 2020
Mary E. Doherty Rex Brommecker
John E. Larson Rael D. Lipson
Donald A. McIver Michael Steinmann
2019 Robert P. Foster, SEG President, ex officio
Jones Belther Laurence J. Robb, SEG President-Elect, ex officio
Jonathan M.A. Hronsky Harold J. Noyes, Treasurer, ex officio
Raymond R. Jannas Brian G. Hoal, SEG Executive Director, ex officio
Gerald G. Carlson, SEGCF President, ex officio
Ian S. Walton, Treasurer, ex officio
Robert P. Foster, SEG 2016 President, ex officio
(serving on the board March 2016 March 2017)
Brian G. Hoal, SEG Executive Director &
Secretary, ex officio
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 55

SEG MEMBERSHIP NEWS

CANDIDATES FOR 1 FELLOWSHIP

To All SEG Fellows:
Pursuant to the Societys Bylaws, names of the following candidates, who have been recommended for Fellowship by the Admissions
Committee, are submitted for your consideration. Each applicants name and current position are followed by the names of his/her
SEG sponsors. If you have any comments, favorable or unfavorable, on any candidate, you should send them in writing prior to May
31, 2016. If no objections are received by that date, these candidates will be presented to Council for approval.

Address Comments To
Chair, SEG Fellowship Admissions Committee
SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS 7811 Shaffer Parkway Littleton, CO 80127-3732 USA
Esterio, Harry E-Mining Technology S.A., Via del Mar, Ridley, John R. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo-
Chile: Eduardo Campos, Jos Perell; rado: Roger C. Steininger, Jean Cline;
Kingsley, Timothy Trevali Mining Corporation, Bellingham, Yang, Liqiang China University of Geosciences, Beijing, Chi-
Washington: Daniel Marinov, Brian Rusk; na: Richard J. Goldfarb, David Ian Groves;
Kutluoglu, Rory A. Kaminak Gold Corporation, North Van- Yang, Zhiming Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,
couver, Canada: Alan Wainwright, Daniel Marinov; Beijing, China: Zhaoshan Chang, Noel C. White;
Richardson, Jean M. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Cana- Zrcher, Lukas United States Geological Survey, Tucson,
da: Marcos Zentilli, A. James Macdonald; Arizona: Eric Seedorff, Timothy S. Hayes.

To apply for Fellowship, visit www.segweb.org/pdf/forms/Fellowship-Application-Form.pdf.

See p. 8 to find out more about the benefits of becoming an SEG Fellow.
The Society Welcomes
The Following
NEW1FELLOWS:
Abraham-James, Thomas H., Bath,
United Kingdom; Barron, Keith M.,
Haute-Nendaz, Switzerland; Bonner,
Frederick J., Halifax, Canada; Currie,
John K., Antofagasta, Chile; Darling,
James R., Portsmouth, United Kingdom;
Foldessy, Janos, Miskolc, Hungary;
Hanley, Jacob J., Halifax, Canada; Hart-
mann, Karl G., Windhoek, Namibia;
Hurst, Gary T., Bisley, United Kingdom;
Paulick, Holger, Oulu, Finland; and
Tejada Liza, Walter A., Lima, Peru.
The Society Welcomes
The Following
NEW1MEMBERS:
Romy Amzquita, First Quantum Min-
erals, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Steve A.
Andersson, FQM Exploration Chile SA,
Santiago, Chile; Christoffel Anthonis-
sen, TECT Consulting, Cape Town,
Australia; Denis Boisvert, Consulting
Services, Grand-Mre, Canada; Patrick
Boulas, Littleton, Colorado; Doug R.
Boyd, Iluka Resources, Adelaide, Aus-
tralia; J.J. Brown, Lander, Wyoming;
Cameron Cairns, Geological Survey of
Victoria, Brunswick, Australia; Sharon
D. Carr, Carleton University, Ottawa,
Canada; Iain M. Cassidy, Sterling Cas-
sidy, Santiago, Chile; Albert G. Chong,
Silver Wheaton Corp., Pitt Meadows,
Canada; Joshua E. Copage, Univer-
sity College Cork, Portumna, Ireland;
Andrew Crawford, Newmont Tanami
Pty Ltd, Perth, Australia; Alfredo E. de la
Calleja, Omega Construcciones Indus-
triales, San Luis Potosi, Mexico; Mentor
Demi, Via Egnatia Resources, Pristina,
Kosovo; Michael Doran, Mineral
Property Evaluation, LLC, Boise, Idaho;
Jessica B. Doyle, Rio Tinto Minerals,
Lancaster, California; Thomas Driesner,
Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology,
Zuerich, Switzerland; Benjamin R. Fer-
guson, Gold Fields Australasia, Bulimba,
Australia; Matthew Grant, Porgera Joint
Venture, Waikouaiti, New Zealand; A.
Samed Guven, Anagold Madencilik
Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea; Mat-
thew Hopcyn James, Centamin Plc.,
Maidstone, United Kingdom; Wei-Teh
Jiang, National Cheng Kung University,
Tainan, Taiwan; Murray I. Jones, Equity
Exploration Consultants Ltd., Surrey,
Canada; John Keating, PJX Resources
Inc., Toronto, Canada; Simon J. Kemp,
British Geological Survey, Nottingham,
United Kingdom; Byungchan Kim,
Heesong Metals CO. Ltd, Daegu, South
Korea; Evan Lapointe, Portfolio Strat-
egies Securities Inc., Toronto, Canada;
David Lawrence, Randgold Resources
Ltd, London, United Kingdom; Chris-
topher Longton, New Gold, Inc.,
Bremerton, Washington; Fernando
Lopez, Santiago, Chile; Edith Martel,
Northwest Territories Geological Survey,
Yellowknife, Canada; Michael J. Martin,
Jr., OMNI Geoscience, Nedlands, Austra-
lia; Barry McDonough, Delta, Canada;
Sean McKinley, Eldorado Gold Corp.,
Vancouver, Canada; Craig Metcalfe,
Altus Strategies LTD, Rotherham, United
Kingdom; Ria Mukherjee, University of
the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South
Africa; Daniel J. Noonan, Peninsula
MEMBERSHIP

South Africa; Asri Arifin, PT Agincourt
Resources, Kendari, N. Sumatra, Indo-
nesia; William F. Arteaga Chango, Sr.,
Gran Nacional Minera Mariscal Sucre,
Quito, Ecuador; Tenley J. Banik, Illi-
nois State University, Normal, Illinois;
Mark Bennett, S2 Resources Ltd, Perth,
San. Ve Tic. A.S, Ili, Turkey; Sarah E.
Heard, Stawell Gold Mines, Willaura,
Australia; Richard C. Histed, Greeley,
Colorado; Anna A. Hoffmann, Gonza-
les, Louisiana; David Stephen Holder,
AMTEL, London, Canada; Johnmark
Homu, Mineral Resources Authority,
Mines Limited, Delhi, India; Monica
Nordling, Yukon Geological Survey,
Whitehorse, Canada; Daryl Glen Nunn,
Global Ore Discovery, Albion, Australia;
Tansy A.J. OConnor-Parsons, Kingston
Upon Thames, United
Kingdom; Andrew Olson, to page 56 . . .
 56 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
. . . from page 55 SEG Membership News (continued)
Southwest Exploration Services, San Tan
Valley, Arizona; Marcela R. Oyarzun,
Codelco, Santiago, Chile; Julio C. Palo-
mino, Georesolution, S.C., Hermosillo,
Mexico; Andrew T. Pearce, Fremantle,
Australia; Steven J. Polkowski, Sum-
itomo Metal Mining Pogo LLC, Delta
Junction, Alaska; Nicholas Poznik,
Roxby Downs, Australia; David Rainey,
BHP Billiton, Houston, Texas; Mark
Rollog, University of Adelaide, Ade-
laide, Australia; Michael Roper, Agnico
Eagle, Vancouver, Canada; Prabodha R.
Sahoo, Indian School of Mines, Dhan-
bad, India; Dermot Smyth, Lonmin Plc,
Castledawson, Northern Ireland; Mat-
thew W. Stone, The Doe Run Resource
Corporation, Salem, Missouri; Taija
Torvela, University of Leeds, Leeds,
United Kingdom; Jiro Uesugi, Sumi-
tomo Metal Mining, Santiago, Chile;
Richard Unitt, University College Cork,
Cork, Ireland; Fredrik von Weisz, Pyry
Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden; Jason
Weber, Alianza Minerals Corporation,
Vancouver, Canada; Paul Weedon, New-
mont Mining Ltd, Accra, Ghana; Todd
Williams, Adelaide, Australia.
The Society Welcomes
The Following
NEW1STUDENT MEMBERS:
Logan Adams, University of Louisiana,
Lafayette, Louisiana; Yuly J. Aguilar
Avila, Universidad Nacional de Colom-
bia Sede Bogota, Bogota, Colombia;
Genesis Aguirre, Universidad de Sonora,
Hermosillo, Mexico; Labdan Alqahtani,
University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso,
Texas; Kelly G. Alvarado, Escuela
Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador;
Bernardita Alvear, University of Chile,
Santiago, Chile; Courtney Anders,
University of Melbourne, Koroit,
Australia; Benjamin S. Andrew, Univer-
sity of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand;
Virginia P. Andrews, Texas Christian
University, Fort Worth, Texas; Elena
Angulo Romero, Escuela Politcnica
Nacional, Quito, Ecuador; Cloix
Anthony, Universit de Montpellier,
MEMBERSHIP
Montpellier, France; Giovanni A.
Aranibar, Universidad Mayor de San
Andres, La Paz, Bolivia; Daniel F. Ayala,
Universidad Industrial de Santander,
Floridablanca, Colombia; Gendenjamts
Baatar, Mongolian University of Science
and Technology, Ulanbator, Mongolia;
Boris Baca, University of Bratislava,
Zarnovica, Slovakia; Taufiq Bakhtiar,
Gadjah Mada University, Semarang,
Central Java, Indonesia; Abram Barker,
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville,
Arkansas; Mary C. Barlow, University of
Utah, South Weber, Utah; Frederic
Bequet, Institut Polytechnique LaSalle
Beauvais, Asnieres sur Seine, France; Ana
Marie E. Binuya, National Institute of
Geological Sciences, Quezon City,
Philippines; Christian E. Blanco, Jr.,
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San
Marcos, Lima, Peru; Ivan Borisenko,
V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and
Mineralogy, Novosibirsk, Russia; Emma
Bouarouk, Institut Polytechnique
LaSalle Beauvais, Luzancy, France;
Christopher E. Brus, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Andres
Buitrago Burgos, Universidad Industrial
de Santander, Floridablanca, Colombia;
Nathaly Burbano Munoz, Universidad
Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogota, San
Juan de Pasto, Colombia; Jordan S.
Burke, Saint Marys University, Halifax,
Canada; Jason Burwell, University of
Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Tuvshintogs
Buyanbayar, Mongolian University of
Science and Technology, Ulanbator,
Mongolia; Enrico Cacciatore, TU
Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Ger-
many; Beatriz G. Caetano, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil; Mehmet Cam, Mugla Sitki
Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey;
Delia Cangelosi, University of Leeds,
Leeds, United Kingdom; Matthew Ian
Cannon, University of Waterloo,
Hamilton, Canada; Ricardo A. Carta-
gena, Jr., Escuela Poitecnica Nacional,
Quito, Ecuador; Luisa Casadiegos
Agudelo, Universidad Industrial de
Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia;
Carolina Castano Uribe, Escuela de
Ingenieria de Antioquia, Envigado,
Colombia; Houzze K. Castrejon, Unidad
Academica de Ciencias de la Tierra,
Iguala de la Indepencia, Mexico; Carlos
A. Castro Munoz, Universidad Indus-
trial de Santander, Bucaramanga,
Colombia; Matthieu Cedou, Institut
Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, Ville
d-Avray, France; C. Gabriela Chancusig
Espinoza, Escuela Politcnica Nacional,
Quito, Ecuador; James Chapman,
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona;
Ian Chappell, Laurentian University,
Sudbury, Canada; Annock G. Chiwona,
Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon
Tyne, United Kingdom; Gaetan
Clement, Institut Polytechnique LaSalle
Beauvais, Conflans St. Honore, France;
Lauren Corlett, University of Western
Ontario, Mulmur, Canada; Giovanny A.
Cuervo Londono, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia Sede Bogota, Bogota,
Colombia; Kai Cui, University of
Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing,
China; Philip Dalhof, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado;
Jessica A. Daniel, Laurentian University,
Vancouver, Canada; Michael Day, South
Dakota School of Mines and Technology,
Rapid City, South Dakota; Elvis Diaz
Muiz, Universidad Mayor de San
Marcos, Lima, Peru; Yeline Lal Dik-
menli, Middle East Technical University,
Ankara, Turkey; Cameron R. Drever,
University of Waterloo, Belwood,
Canada; Dana Drew, University of
TexasAustin, Austin, Texas; Justin B.R.
Drummond, Queens University,
Kingston, Canada; Renelle Dubosq,
University of Ottawa, Kapuskasing,
Canada; Alban Duvernois, Institut
Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, Saint
Galmier, France; Corinna Eicke, TU
Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Ger-
many; Alonso Encina, University of
Chile, Santiago, Chile; Emily Fallon,
University of Bristol, Bristol, United
Kingdom; Lorrana Roriz Faria, UFRJ,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Tomas Flegr,
Masarykova Univerzita, Brno, Czech
Republic; Felix Furgut, Ludwig-Maximil-
ians Universitat Munchen, Oberstaufen,
Germany; Alyssa Charlotte Galtier,
Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais,
Castillon du Gard, France; Nicolas
Garcia Ospina, Universidad Nacional de
Colombia Sede Bogota, Bogota, Colom-
bia; Chad Jack Gardner, University of
New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;
Alejandro Luis Garrone, Sr., Camborne
School of Mines, Penryn, United
Kingdom; Gaelle Gatellier, Universit
dOrlans, Orlans-La Source, France;
Julian E. Giraldo Zuluaga, Sr., Universi-
dad EAFIT, Medellin, Colombia; Begum
Girgin, Mugla Sitki Kocman University,
Mugla, Turkey; James H. Glass, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; David
S. Gomez, Fusagasuga, Colombia; Eric
B. Goncalves Prado, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil; Benjamin M. Guerin, Institut
Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, Beau-
vais, France; Carlos E. Guerrero,
Universidad Industrial de Santander,
Bucaramanga, Colombia; Floriane
Guillevic, Institut Polytechnique LaSalle
Beauvais, St. Sebastien Sur Loire, France;
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 57
Xian Zheng Guo, China University of
Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Stephen
Harris, University of New South Wales,
Glen Alpine, Australia; Hugo Hedin
Baastrup, Lulea University of Technol-
ogy, Lule, Sweden; Christoffer Hem-
mingsson, Stockholm University,
Stockholm, Sweden; Michael Herzog,
Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat,
Klagenfurt, Austria; Catherine Mary
Hill, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa; Jacqueline
Huggins, Laurentian University,
Mississauga, Canada; Jacob M. Hughes,
Kansas State University, Manhattan,
Kansas; Julien A. Huguet, Institut
Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais,
Etampes, France; Scott Hutchinson,
University of Western Ontario, Whitby,
Canada; David Greig Hutton, Univer-
sity of Western Ontario, London,
Canada; Korhan Huylu, Mugla Sitki
Kocman University, Ankara, Turkey;
Manuel A. Jaimes Baez, Universidad
Industrial de Santander, Colombia;
Dylan Jamison, University of Waterloo,
Waterloo, Canada; Jorge A. Jora,
Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La
Paz, Bolivia; Reka Fruzsina Kaldos,
University of Johannesburg, Budapest,
Hungary; Ian Kallio, Oregon State
University, Corvallis, Oregon; Silvestar
E. Kanev, IV, Sofia University, Montana,
Bulgaria; Deniz Ekin Karabulut, Middle
East Technical University, Ankara;
Aleksandar Karakolev, University of
Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria; Christopher Kelly,
Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada;
William M. Keyser, University of
Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Bat-erdene
Khurelbaatar, Mongolian University of
Science and Technology, Ulanbator,
Mongolia; Marie A. Kieffer, Institut
Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, Per-
ros-Guirec, France; Robert King,
Memorial University, Portugal Cove-St.
Phillips, Canada; Kim Klausen, Carleton
University, Ottawa, Canada; Christo-
pher Kobylinski, University of Ottawa,
Ottawa, Canada; Kresna Kustrianu-
groho, Gadjah Mada University, Jakarta
Timur, Indonesia; George Kyritsis,
National and Kapodistrian University,
Athens, Greece; Juergen Lang, Univer-
sity College Cork (UCC), Ohmden,
Germany; Eric Ian Larson, Eastern
Washington University, Otis Orchards,
Washington; Valentine Le Grand de
Mercey, Institut Polytechnique LaSalle
Beauvais, Paris, France; Gaetan Le Lait,
Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais,
Saint Quay Perros, France; Bridget K.
Lee, University of California Riverside,
Riverside, California; Victoria Lefebvre,
Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais,
St. Martin du Manoir, France; Katelyn
M. Lehman, Texas Christian University,
Fort Worth, Texas; Marie Ltourneau,
Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada;
Lamei Li, University of Science and
Technology, Beijing, China; Xuanxuan
Li, Hefei University of Technology,
Hefei, China; Andrew Lilley, University
College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Brian
Longstreth, Colorado State University,
Johnstown, Colorado; Maria C. Lopez
Suarez, Universidad Nacional de
Colombia Sede Bogota, Bogota, Colom-
bia; Jhonny A. Lozada, Escuela
Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador;
Erin Anne Lynch, University of Michi-
gan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Leah R.
Macey, Colorado School of Mines,
Denver, Colorado; Baptiste Madon,
Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais,
Beauvais, France; Alexandra Malygina,
Geological Institute of Kola Science
Centre, Apatity, Russia; Zahira L.
Martnez Roca, Universidad Mayor de
San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia; Karl
Masson, Institut Polytechnique LaSalle
Beauvais, Troissereux, France; Camie
Mathey, Institut Polytechnique LaSalle
Beauvais, Provins, France; Matthew W.
Matko, University of Minnesota Duluth,
Duluth, Minnesota; Jose Henrique da
Silva Nogueira de Matos, Universidade
Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil;
Konstantinos Mavrogonatos, Univer-
sity of Athens, Athens, Greece; Duncan
S. McIntosh, Jr., University of Louisi-
ana, New Orleans, Louisiana; Natalie
McIver, James Cook University, Con-
don, Australia; Jacob Mehlenbacher,
Western University, London, Canada;
Julian D. Melo Gomez, Universidad
Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogota,
Bogota, Colombia; Hector Armando
Meneses Carvajal, Universidad Indus-
trial de Santander, Bucaramanga,
Colombia; John Mering, University of
Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand;
Hctor Wilmer Merino Flores, Escuela
Politcnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador;
Clare Miller, Queens University,
Kingston, Canada; Nkhupetseng
Mohlahlana, University of Pretoria,
Pretoria, South Africa; Carlos A. Moreno
Jimenez, Universidad Industrial de
Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia;
Cristian D. Moreno Villamizar,
Universidad Industrial de Santander,
Bucaramanga, Colombia; Christopher
A. Morgan, University of Waterloo,
Waterloo, Canada; Matthias Mueller,
Technische Universitat, Freiberg,
Germany; Bastian Munoz, Universidad
de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Akshaya
Rajan Nambiar, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York; Ronald B. Ndzelen,
RWTH Aachen, Koeln, Germany; Adrian
M. Oberland, Laurentian University,
Sudbury, Canada; William T. Ogilvie,
Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada;
Fiorella Ojeda Rondan, Universidad
Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru;
Natalia Ovalle Romero, Universidad
Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogota,
Madrid, Colombia; Juan P. Oviedo Diaz,
Universidad Industrial de Santander,
Bucaramanga, Colombia; Anil Ozturk,
University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa; Luis
Palomino, Universidad Nacional
Autonoma de Mexico, Hermosillo,
Mexico; Jacqueline J. Pechuga, Univer-
sidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos,
Lima, Peru; Ana Milena Penaherrera,
Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito,
Ecuador; Eric Pilles, University of
Western Ontario, London, Canada;
Thomas Poitrenaud, Universit
dOrlans, Orleans, France; Lucia
Profeta, University of Arizona, Tucson,
Arizona; Yunwei Qu, University of
Science and Technology, Beijing, China;
Segolene Rabin, Institut Polytechnique
LaSalle Beauvais, Noyon, France; Declan
Radford, University of Tasmania, Yolla,
Australia; Rezha Ramadhika, Gadjah
Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia;
Carmen N. Ramirez Ordonez, Universi-
dad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogota,
Bogota, Colombia; William Reith,
Queens University, Kingston, Canada;
Julian M. Reyes Alvarez, Universidad
de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia;
Macarena Roca Benedek, UFRJ, Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil; Julio C. Rojas, Universi-
dad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia;
Stan Roozen, ETH Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland; Behnam Sadeghi, James
Cook University, Townsville, Australia;
Angel F. Salazar Alvarez, Universidad
Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga,
Colombia; Carlos a. Salcedo Nunez,
Pontifica Universidad Catolica del Peru,
Lima, Peru; Lizeth J. Sanabria Ruiz,
Universidad Industrial de Santander,
Bucaramanga, Colombia; Oyungerel
Sarantuya, Kyushu University, Fukuoka,
Japan; Loraine Faye O. Sarmiento,
MEMBERSHIP
University of the Phillippines, Quezon
City, Philippines; Callum Scott, Univer-
sity of Exeter, Hereford, United King-
dom; Sean R. Scott, University of
Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming; Henning
Seibel, TU Bergakademie
Freiberg, Freiberg, to page 58 . . .
 58 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
. . . from page 57 SEG Membership News (continued)
Germany; Yaroslav Shelepov, Sobolev
Institute of Geology and Mineralogy,
Novosibirsk, Russia; Josia Tulongeni
Shilunga, University of Witwatersrand,
Ohangwena, Namibia; Victor Silva,
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,
Niteri, Brazil; Peter Skoda, Eotvos
Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary;
Pedro F. Solis, Pontifica Universidad
Catolica del Peru, San Miguel, Lima,
Peru; Tamas Spranitz, Eotvos Lorand
University, Budapest, Hungary; Keaton
Strongman, Laurentian University,
Burlington, Canada; Jakob Sturm,
Montanuniversitat Leoben, Leoben,
Austria; Neera Sundaralingam, Univer-
sity of Western Ontario, Brampton,
Canada; Katie Swinden, University of
Exeter, Sheffield, United Kingdom;
Thomas Tabary, Institut Polytechnique
LaSalle Beauvais, Tille, France; Samuel
Terrazas, Universidad Autonoma Tomas
Frias, Potosi, Bolivia; Maude Thollon,
Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais,
Beauvais, France; Siti Zaniza Tohar,
University of Exeter, Falmouth, United
Kingdom; Oscar D. Torres Alarcon,
Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede
Bogota, Bogota, Colombia; Enora
MEMBERSHIP
Tourneur, Observatoire des Sciences de
lUnivers en Rgion Centre, Orleans,
France; Matthew L. Trenkler, Carleton
University, Ottawa, Canada; Corwin
Trottier, St. Marys University, Cole
Harbour, Canada; Usukhbayar Tsend,
IV, Mongolian University of Science and
Technology, Ulanbator, Mongolia; Maria
Tsivilika, Aristotle University of Thessa-
lonki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Mara Paz
Urdaneta, Universidad de los Andes,
Bogota, Colombia; Diego D. Uribe
Lozano, Western University, St. Catha-
rines, Canada; Alyzee Viey-Chevalier,
Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais,
Bussy St. Georges, France; Sariel Ville-
gas, Universidad Tomas Frias, Potosi,
Bolivia; Shawna Waberi, Queens
University, Kingston, Canada; Corey J.
Wall, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada; Min Wang, North
Western University, Xian, China; Yang
Wang, Ji Lin University, Changchun,
China; Yujian Wang, Laurentian
University, Sudbury, Canada; Benjamin
Wernette, Indiana University, Bloom-
ington, Indiana; Anggara Widyastanto,
Gadjah Mada University, Depok,
Indonesia; Andrew Wilson, University
of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom; Sam
Woodcock, University of Exeter, Penryn
Campus, Dereham, United Kingdom;
Qingling Xiao, Hefei University of
Technology, Hefei, China; Chenghan
Xu, Jilin University, Jilin, China;
Jiaming jiaming Yan, Ji Lin University,
Changchun, China; Kejun Yang,
University of Science and Technology
Beijing, Beijing, China; Lu Yu, Ji Lin
University, Changchun, China; Nataly
A. Zabala, Universidad Mayor de San
Andres, La Paz, Murillo, Bolivia; Nail
Zagrtdenov, Universit Toulouse,
Toulouse, France; Liz A. Zambrano
Bonilla, Universidad Eafit, Medellin,
Colombia; Hui Chao Zhang, Peking
University, Beijing, China; Lei Zhang,
Changan University, Xian, China;
Nestor R. Zipamoncha Garcia, Univer-
sidad Industrial de Santander, Bucara-
manga, Colombia; Jan Zubo, Comenius
University, Lucenec, Slovak Republic;
Nicolas Zuluaga, Universidad de los
Andes, Bogota, Colombia; Grant S.
Zwiefelhofer, Kansas State University,
Manhattan, Kansas. 1
 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 59
Announcements
& Deadlines
Call for Nominations SEG Awards and Lecturers
Call for Nominations R.A.F. Penrose Gold Medal,
SEG Silver Medal, and Ralph W. Marsden Award for 2016
Nominations and letters of support for the Societys Awards are
due by July 15, 2016. The SEG awards and nomination form
may be downloaded from the SEG website at segweb.org/forms
or you may request a copy of the nomination form from SEG
headquarters.
Call for Nominations Waldemar Lindgren Award for 2016
The Lindgren Award is offered annually to a geologist whose
published research represents an outstanding contribution
to economic geology. The contribution shall be measured by
consideration of one to three papers published by age 35. The
recipient must be less than 37 years of age on January 1 of the
year in which the award is presented. The award shall not be
restricted as to the candidates nationality, place of employment,
or membership in the Society. The deadline for submitting nom-
inations is July 15, 2016.
Call for Nominations SEG Distinguished Lecturer for 2017
The 2017 nominee will be selected on the basis of his/her preem-
inence in economic geology in some phase of scientific research
or application of the science to minerals exploration and/or
development. Please include the following information with
your nomination: name of nominee, reason for nomination,
brief CV/resum of nominee, and confirmation that nominee is
willing to be proposed. The deadline for submitting nominations
is July 15, 2016.
Petrographic Consultants International, Inc.
Paula Hansley, Geologist
720-890-2628
plhansley@gmail.com
545 W. Fir Way
Louisville, CO 80027
PAID ADVERTISEMENT
STRATEGIC MINERALS ADVISORY
Mike Venter BSc(Hons), Pr.Sci.Nat., FSEG, MGSSA
Experse in:
Critical metals - graphite/Nb/Ta/Sn/W/Li/Sb
Project due diligence, validation and
evaluation, Competent Person Reporting mvphenter@gmail.com
+27 83 384 5985
Historical data review/compilation and Skype: phenter
incorporation into 2D/3D models
Cape Town, South Africa
PAID ADVERTISEMENT
Call for Nominations 2017 SEG Traveling Lecturers
International Exchange Lecturer
Thayer Lindsley Visiting Lecturer
International Exchange lecturers speak at sites selected for great-
est involvement of industry, academic, and government geol-
ogists. Thayer Lindsley lecturers visit colleges and universities.
Travel support is provided by the SEG Foundation for those who
are chosen. To be selected, nominees must (1) have widely recog-
nized expertise in a field of economic geology; (2) have known
competence as a public speaker; and (3) be able to represent SEG
as an enthusiastic and effective ambassador. The deadline for
submitting nominations is July 15, 2016.
Please send all nominations and supporting documen-
tation via the following options:
Mail: Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
Attn: Alison Cronk
7811 Shaffer Parkway
Littleton, CO 80127-3732, U.S.A.
E-mail preferred: seg@segweb.org
Please include type of award or lecturer category in the
email subject line.
Fax: +1 (720) 981-7874 Attention: Alison Cronk
Seminar and Field Trip Announcement
Bolivian Polymetallic Vein Ag-Sn-W-Pb-Zn-Bi-(Au) Deposits
and Porphyry Tin Deposits of the Quechisla District,
Southern Bolivia
April 2328, 2016 Telamayu, Atocha, Bolivia
Leaders and Mentors:
Stewart D. Redwood, Consulting Geologist, Panam (SEG 1992 F)
Kevin B. Heather, Regulus Resources Inc., Chile (SEG 1998 F)
Osvaldo Arce, Colegio de Gelogos de Bolivia, La Paz (SEG 2008 F)
This is the fourth annual field trip organized by the Colegio de
Geologos de Bolivia (CGB) and the SEG Bolivia Student Chapter.
It offers a unique opportunity to visit classic Ag, Sn, W, Pb, Zn, Bi,
MEMBERSHIP
and Au epithermal and porphyry deposits of the polymetallic vein
and porphyry tin types in the Quechisla District of southern Bolivia.
Following a two-day seminar (presentations in Spanish), visits
will be paid to the following deposits: Choroma, Animas and Siete
Suyos, Chorolque, and Tasna.
Visit www.segweb.org/studentevents for additional details
and registration information.
 60 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016

personal notes & news

D E A T H S

Raymond Edward Flood Eds work with Friedland, and he

(SEG 1993)
Contributed by
Borden R. Putnam (SEG 1980 F)
Raymond Edward Flood (Ed) died
October 15, 2015, after a four-year
battle with amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS). Eds career tracks
and successes were noteworthy
moving seamlessly from the role
of prospector and field geologist
into exploration property joint
venture participant, then invest-
ment manager, mining executive
and, finally, deal maker in invest-
ment banking.
Born in Reno in 1945, Ed
received his BSc degree in geology
from the University of Nevada,
Reno (1968) and an MSc degree
from the University of Montana (1974),
where he completed a thesis on met-
amorphic complexes. Eds passion for
field geology took him into Nevada and
the Great Basin in the early 1980s, at
the cresting of a period of exciting ex-
ploration for disseminated gold depos-
its as rapidly evolving genetic models
highlighted innumerable prospective
areas. Working for NERCO Minerals
Company, Ed inspired his staff of geolo-
gists, team Nerco, to get ahead of the
competition. The team built a portfolio
of properties throughout the Great
Basin, which Ed financed through joint
ventures with competitors.
In 1991, he met Paul Stephens of the
San Francisco-based Robertson Stephens
& Co. (RS), when the Contrarian Fund
was investing in growth gold compa-
nies in order to participate in the dis-
covery cycle of value creation. Stephens
convinced Ed to trade in his geologic
gear for a suit and help RS assemble and
manage a portfolio of junior mining
companies with promising prospects.
Due diligence gave Ed incentive to visit
mineral properties worldwide, from
Venezuelas Km 88, to Voiseys Bay in
Newfoundland, to Ashantis Obuasi
in Ghana, to Erdenent in Mongolia.
One investment in a fledgling junior
exploration company run by Robert
Friedland, Diamond Fields Inc., was ul-
timately sold in a bidding war to Inco at
a gain of some $250 million (+6,471%)
for RS. This remains today as the most
highly valued single-asset purchase by a
mining company. That, in turn, led to
was soon off building the highly
successful junior, Indochina
Goldfields, which ultimately
grew into Ivanhoe Mines. Ed was
founding president of Indochi-
na in 1995, which raised $270
million in an IPO and explored
broadly throughout Asia with
projects in Vietnam, Indonesia,
and Fiji, and built the Monywa
copper mine in Myanmar. Ed
then served as Executive Depu-
ty Chairman of Ivanhoe Mines
during the discovery of Oyu
Tolgoi in Mongolia, one of the
worlds largest copper deposits.
Throughout the latter part of
his career, Ed shared his breadth
of geologic and investment expe-
rience through various roles, including
founder, board member, and advisor to
junior exploration companies, broker-
age firms, and a variety of other compa-
nies: positions in these include chair-
man of the board (4 companies); deputy
chairman (executive, with Ivanhoe
Mines) and vice chairman (6) ; commis-
sioner (4); 54 directorships (non-exec-
utive; 54); directorship (executive; 1);
chief executive officer (1); president (9)
and vice president (1).
Ed is survived by his wife, Yuhko
Grossmann, and family. Eds wish was
that he be remembered with contribu-
tions to ALS research, via the UBC/VGH
Foundation. The site in memory of Ed
can be accessed at www.tinyurl.com/
RememberingEdFlood.

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Project Management; Technical, Logistical and Administrative Services
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resourcegeosciences.com mail@resourcegeosciences.com

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 No 105 APRIL 2016 S E G N E W S L E T T E R 61
Richard William Hutchinson (SEG 1960 SF)
Richard William (Dick)
Hutchinson, 87, died
February 21 at Strathroy
Middlesex General Hos-
pital, Strathroy, Ontario,
Canada, after a fall
precipitated by advanced
Alzheimers disease.
Dick was born in Lon-
don, Ontario, Canada,
graduated from London
South Collegiate, and went on to Uni-
versity of Western Ontario, graduating
in 1950 with a B.Sc. degree in geology.
At Western Dick was introduced to
the geology and economics of mineral
deposits, and the intrigue of research,
by Prof. Gordon Suffel, whose specific
interests were Archean massive sulfide
deposits and Proterozoic iron forma-
tions. Graduate studies at the Univer-
sity of Wisconsin, Madison, followed,
with a M.Sc. degree in 1951 and a
Ph.D. in 1954. At Wisconsin, Dick
studied with Prof. Eugene Cameron,
the reigning expert in pegmatites and
chrome-bearing layered mafic bodies.
He and Beryl, his high school sweet-
heart, married during Dicks graduate
work at Wisconsin and together they
became charter members of the Cana-
dian Badgers, a half dozen or so geol-
ogy graduate students and their spouses field trips were more than legendary.
who serendipitously gathered from
across Canada, all sharing an infectious
interest in geology and life in general.
The Badgers, all of whom went on to
distinguished careers, reunited regularly evening discussions, lasting contacts,
for more than 40 years.
Dick began earning his living
while still in high school, first
by delivering milk from a horse-
drawn wagon but soon after by
storytelling and ukulele/banjo
performances that became a
lifelong shtick, to the delight
of family, students, and col-
leagues. Postgraduate study
was partly sponsored by The
Geological Survey of Canada
and led to Dicks Ph.D. disserta-
tion on the nature and origin of
rare element pegmatites in the
Ross Lake area, NWT. In 1954
Dick and Beryl took an assign-
ment from Union Carbide Dick was joined by former student, John Larson (SEG 1988 F),
Ore Company to map similar during a trip to Banff, Alberta, in 2012.
1928 2015
pegmatites in Mozambique.
The next decade was with the
American Metal Company (ulti-
mately AMAX), exploring for
and finding base metal deposits
in New Brunswick, Quebec,
Missouri, and Cyprus, pegma-
tites in Manitoba, molybdenum
occurrences worldwide and,
when metal prices declined
sharply, potash in Saskatchewan and again in 1979, the Duncan Derry
and as far away as the Danakil Depres-
sion in Eritrea.
In 1964 Dick left AMAX to join the
geology department at the University
of Western Ontario, his undergraduate
alma mater, where his mentor Gordon
Suffel was approaching retirement.
In 1983 Dick accepted the Charles F.
Fogarty Chair in Economic Geology
at Colorado School of Mines, from
which he retired in 1994, capping a
truly remarkable career in the minerals
industry, in teaching, and in research.
Industry had provided the boots-on-
the-ground and anecdotal aspects that
so well complemented his research and
theories in the classroom. The breadth,
from the detail of microscopy to sweep- the Geological Society of America from
ing views of metallogeny, delivered
with enthusiasm, personalized his
courses and made them legendary. His
They took students, together with
geologists from industry, to examine
rocks and ore deposits around the
world. Trips included long field days,
and employment opportunities.
Dicks research, published in more
than 60 peer-reviewed papers, delivered
in countless invited lectures, keynote
addresses, and workshops, involved
unconventional interpretations in
many instances. He pushed the enve-
lope, particularly in metallogeny. For
his stimulation of the discipline he was
awarded the CIM Barlow Medal in 1970
Medal from the Geological Association
of Canada in 1983, the Silver Medal
from SEG in 1985, the Jubilee Gold
Medal from the Geological Society of
South Africa in 1990, the R.A.F. Penrose
Gold Medal from SEG in 2005, and
induction into the Canadian Mining
Hall of Fame in 2006.
Dick joined SEG in the 1950s, served
as president in 1983, Vice-President of
Regional Affairs from 1984 to 1989, and
again 1994 to 1995. He was Vice-Pres-
ident of the SEG Foundation, 1995
1996, and a Trustee of the Foundation
in 1996 to 2000. He also made time to
mentor SEG student chapters at West-
ern and CSM and to be a Councilor of
1987 to 1990. Dick was an editor of
SEG Monograph 8, of vol. 82, no. 8 of
Economic Geology, and of GAC Special
Paper 25. He was an associate editor of
Journal of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,
the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,
the Journal of South African Geology, and
many field trip guidebooks.
Dick is survived by his wife of 64
years, Beryl (Rafuse) Hutchinson,
and their four daughters and seven
grandchildren. Dick spent his final
years in retirement at Hillsboro
Beach on Lake Huron, a place dear
to his heart since childhood.
For information on contributions
in Dick's name, please see box on
p. 9.
Editors note: The citation and
MEMBERSHIP
acceptance speeches for Dicks
R.A.F. Penrose Gold Medal award
(for 2004) can be read online:
http://econgeol.geoscienceworld.org/
content/100/6/1277.full.pdf+html?
sid=a8fbc211-b3fe-4440-bb49-
07637ea3606c
 62 SEG NEWSLETTER No 105 APRIL 2016
Date SEG Calendar of Events
Year 2016
APRIL 2030 SEG-SGA-UNESCO Latin Metallogeny Course, Copiap,
Chile. www.unige.ch/terre/latinometal.
MAY 1518 SIMEXMIN 2016 VII Brazilian Symposium on Mineral
Exploration, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
http://www.adimb.com.br/simexmin2016/. See p. 53.
JUNE 1924 2016 Gordon Research ConferenceGeochemistry of
Mineral Deposits, From Deep Earth to Surface: Metals for
Society, Les Diablerets, S
witzerland.
AUGUST 711 IVth International Conference Modern Information
Technologies in the Earth Sciences, ITES 2016 Yuzhno-
Sakhalinsk, Russia. See p. 19.
AUGUST 1725 SEG Foundation Student Field Trip No. 15Porphyry
Systems of Central and Southern British Columbia, BC,
Canada. See p. 41.
AUGUST 27 35th International Geological Congress (IGC), Cape Town,
SEPTEMBER 4 South Africa and two SEG workshops. See p. 5051.
SEPTEMBER 59 13th International Ni-Cu-(PGE) Symposium, Perth/Freman-
tle, WA, Australia. nicupgesymposium.com. See p. 24.
SEPTEMBER 2528 SEG 2016 Conference: Tethyan Tectonics
and Metallogeny, in esme, Turkey.
www.seg2016.org. See p. 2738.
SEPTEMBER 2528 GSA 2016 Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, USA.
www.geosociety.org. See p. 52.
NOVEMBER 712 11th Ore Deposits Models and Exploration Workshop
Haikou, Hainan Province, China.
NOVEMBER 29 SEG-WMS Senior Exploration Management Course
DECEMBER 2 Littleton, Colorado, USA
DECEMBER 410 American Exploration and Mining Association Meeting,
Reno, NV, USA. www.miningamerica.org
SEG Headquarters, Littleton, Colorado, USA.
Send entries to the SEG Office
7811 Shaffer Parkway, Littleton, CO 80127 USA
Tel. +1.720.981.7882 / Fax +1.720.981.7874 /
seg@segweb.org
Date SEG Calendar of Events
Year 2017
JANUARY 2326 AME BC Roundup Vancouver BC, Canada.
www.amebc.ca
MARCH 58 PDAC Toronto, Canada. www.pdac.ca
JUNE 47 FUTORES II (Future Understanding of Tectonics, Ores,
Resources, Environment and Sustainability), Townsville,
Australia
SEPTEMBER 1720 SEG 2017 Conference: Ore Deposits of Asia:
China and Beyond in Beijing, China.
www.seg2017.org
OCTOBER 2225 GSA 2017 Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, USA.
http://www.geosociety.org/
DECEMBER 39 American Exploration and Mining Association Meeting
2017, Spokane, Washington, USA. www.miningamerica.org
Date Other Events
Year 2016
MAY 2426 Edwin W. Roedder Pan-American Current Research on
Fluid Inclusions Conference, Columbia, Missouri.
http://muconf.missouri.edu/Pacrofi/.
JUNE 13 Margins Through TimeWhitehorse 2016GAC-MAC
Joint Annual Meeting, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada.
http://whitehorse2016.ca/. See p. 40.
JUNE 26JULY 1 Goldschmidt 2016, Yokohama, Japan.
http://goldschmidt.info/2016/
SEPTEMBER 79 Argentina Mining 2016 XI International Convention on
Business Opportunities in Exploration, Geology and Min-
ing. XI Economic Geology Congress of Argentina, Conven-
tion Center Salta, Salta, Argentina. www.argentinamining.
com. See p. 58.


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ver y
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g Science
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A DV E RT IS IN G I N TH E S EG N E WS L ETTER
ETTER
N E W S Lw e b . o r g
g
w w w. s e

JANUARY 2015

Discovery Discovery Discovery Discovery

Advancing Science and Advancing Science and Advancing Science and Advancing Science and

SEG SEG
0
10100
NEWSLETTER NEW S LbNeEr T T E R
Num
UMBER

NEWSLETTER NEWSLETTER w w w. s e g w e b . o r g w w w. s e g w e b . o r g
www.segweb .org www.segweb .org
00
NUMBER 97 NUMBER 99 NUMBER 101
er 1 100
bNUMBER
APRIL 2014 See SEG
OCTOBER 2014
p. Confe 201 See Call
SEGAPRIL 2015 S JANUARY 2015
See EG Num
ogies Provide orld Economics of
the Uranium 20
ian Shield: 20
on and
Deep Exploration Technol
32 p. for P 15:
Western Arabian-NubProvince Hydrothermal Alterati
4 for p. 24 15
4 rence
0Real-W
Basin, Northern
5 fo The ap detFootprin ts: Copper Deposits
Discovery ion Around Porphyry John H. Dilles, Oregon State
3
s of the Athabasca
for
the Pathway to Deep
r d ers ing Gold ails 5
Deposit
det
Always King! AetailsRapidly Emerg Geochemical Dispers
Why Grade Is Not
Technologies CRC; ails
of Adelaide, Deep Exploration Commonwealth Scientifi
c SF), Centre for Street, Rossmoyne, WA
6148, Australia,
Saskatchewan: Corvallis, OR 97331,
University Groves (SEG 1973
David Giles (SEG 1981F), CRC; and James Cleverley, Mapping Pty Ltd., 24 Webb Administrative Building,

and Allan Trench and David Scott Halley, Mineral Sciences,104 CEOAS

Richard Hillis, Deep

Exploration Technologies CRC Toronto, Ontario, Canada, (CET), UWA, Curtin,
Western Australia Oceanic and Atmospheric North Potomac, MD 20878,
United States
Deep Exploration Technologies Exploration Corporation, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada University, College of Earth,
Organisation (CSIRO), William Kerr, Exploits Exploration Targeting LLC, 21 Quince Mill Court,

and Industrial Research Wallis and Associates,

F), Roger M. Tosdal, PicachoEx

by higher Cu Roger Wallis (SEG 1984 United States, and Richard

2000, largely driven pounds U3O8 Tadesse et al., 2003),
Red Sea
with more than 100 million
0
er 10100
26 years and, by the exploita- been placed into with extremelyINTRODUCTION
Rift
been reduced to just prices, has resulted from actual discoveries have in resources and some and ancient primary a.) Hydrothermal alteration
assemblages
THE CHALLENGE OF
period of
N u mb
2012, despite a sustained grade reserves the discovery of the Rabbit Lake Egypt ARABIA NUMBER
tion of increasingly lower Since production. high grades (up to 19% to page 11The . . .eastern part of what has become gold mining was Saudi ABSTRACT
Minerals in
DEEP EXPLORATION elevated Cu prices, it
had rebounded costs, with globaluranium deposit by Gulf plans to place EAST SAHARA ADVANCED
at higher production Currently, there are no U3O8)into production. known as the Arabian-Nubian
Shield carried out from the Arabia al analyses combined Illite-chl ARGILLIC
(USGS, head grades October 1968, more than 80 uranium CRATON Whole-rock lithogeochemic SERICITIC INTERMEDIATE
to just 39 years of production since depositssome -relic fspar
weighted average Cu t, Pharaonic period in Sudan pyroph-alun
any of the other known (e.g., Johnson and Woldehaimano
(SWIR) spectroscopy Illite-chl-smect PHYLLIC ma t i t

e
mineral explo- to 0.7% having at least with short-wave infrared -relic fspar topaz spec. he
The long-term global 2013). Growth in production declining from 1.0% discoveries (defined as Arabia, has Egypt, commencing Eritrea EASTERN method for pros-
2003), particularly Saudi provide a rapid and cost-effective
104W
by strongly EAST ARGILLIC
ration challenge is framed (SNL Metals Economics
Group, equivalent to Northwest Territories 106W ANS musc
one drill intersection
m, Table 1) been extensively explored
since the 3000 BC, through to WEST hydrothermal systems.
increasing demand (Northey
et
2013). With regard to gold, O over 1 108W
WESTERN GONDWANA pecting for porphyry-type
greater than 1% U3 8 discoveries of the Roman period Yemen trace metals to average
60N PyCp
GONDWANA ANS
al., 2014), reduced reserve
inven- dis-
after the bull run of gold have been located in the Athabasca U O
Rae Subprovince 1970s, with numerous Lithogeochemistry detects via SlGa PROPYLITIC
rocks
Hearne Subprovince of commodities and thereafter, with Ethiopia and allows vectoring
deposits of a variety crustal abundance levels
Predominantly Archean
ly contained 14 depos- pounds 3 8 phengitic
tories (overwhelming coveries in the 1970s, Basin, totaling 2.18 billion
reworked by
copper, molyb- 0.5 and lithophile elements chl-fspar

0
Predominantly
silver, approximately musc-chl-

er 10100
Early Paleoproterozoicincluding gold, gradients of chalcophile
Tectonism

no
more were Some have Hudsonian rocks calc/epid-hem
within deposits discovered its of 20 Moz or more in all resource categories. tantalum, to 0.6 Moz of high- othermal ore and relic fspar

n
strongly affected by
denum, zinc, tin, tungsten, transported by magmatic-hydr are dispersed and

-m
N u mb
2010), 1980s, with up Beaverlodge
NUMBER
than 20 years ago; Schodde, made worldwide in the
Hudsonian Tectonism
extremely high grades,
Nisto
By contrast, the western grade gold produced

agm
Camp
rates had
the at
Map Area
uranium. circulating fluids that
fi ve in grade and CONGO PAKISTAN external
and decreasing discovery 11 in the 1990s, and to 24.6% U3O8 initial
reserve here defined as (Klemm et al., 2001). Of particular use are
alka-

atic
Arabian-Nubian Shield,
Maurice Bay Cp-Py
trapped in altered rocks.
CRATON
of huge size,
Middle
(Schodde,
ult

Stewart Island Fond-du-Lac

of greenfields deposits 2000s. Decreasing discoveryMcArthur River; some are south of the Red such as Mo, W, Se, Te,
Bi, epid-chl
Lake
Current mining
Fa

fluids
in that segment west and lis in sericite and metals

The SEG Newsletter is a quarterly

explora- (Cameco Wavelength of white -act-fspar
rates of greenfields depositsat 650 million pounds U3O8
ke

2013). Global mineral La Rocque

less explora- in the oxides that remain
La

Sea (Figure 1), has received legislation stable

As, and Sb, which form
TANZANIAN MADAGSCAR mica SWIR (2200)
ned by the
e

many are at
Lake
coun-
tion productivity, defi
on

Corporation, 2005); and

Saskatchewan

ck

relatively well explored

McClean of of
Athabasca Basin attention due to a combination region has now CRATON soils. SWIR mapping
Bla
cZ

Roughrider
in weathered rocks and 2210 nm CpBn
discoveries easy- m below tion
tries reflect the fact that shallow depths (<250
Alberta

number of world-class
ni

absorption feature
Mesoproterozoic Dawn
relatively Late Paleoproterozoic to sediments Eagle
until recently, sufficient 2205 nm
to

Lake
including that, afforded INDIA 2,200-nm Al-OH
cost per dis- mines the
Tec

with shifts in
clastic
four large JEB Point
factors,
pH gradients useful for
undeformed
and the exploration to-find mineral deposits surface). However, only and mining legislation certainty to attract
Mozambique 2200 nm
rd

over the last Lake, Key Lake, Belt in sericite define paleofluid
J Zone
largely exploration Cover rocks
bi

Collins SODIC-
covery, has declined surface expression have (McArthur River, Cigar a geologic exploration to Egypt, metal-
ow

center of the buoyant

Midwest A
further clarity. From
Bay
vectoring toward the
Cluff Lake CALCIC
Between 230, 192, and ANS greenstone belts
Sn

we are required
20 years (Schodde, 2013).
Midwest
been discovered, and and Eagle Point at 650,
Camp Rabbit
Unconformity Hosted
Total Tamarack
Nubian Shield Sudan, Eritrea, othermal plume. granite plag-actepid
the average tech- respectively)
Sue
standpoint, the western Older Precambrian crustbearing magmatic-hydr
now faced with the more 155 million pounds U3O8, 1,680 M lbs U3O8
Maybelle
the 1980s and 2000s, 1000 km porphyry
gold oppor- and Ethiopia, with
River Cigar
is a high-impact frontier
POTASSIC dikes
per dis- task Lake,
nically difficult and costly and three mining camps (Cluff
Shea
global exploration cost
Total Raven/
Creek Basement Hosted West Horseshoe
of >45 Moz discovery biotKspar
in real M lbs U O8 Bear
tunity, with discoveries accelerated Shield in

(January, April, July, October) publi-

Lake at 64.2, 570 McArthur
beneath 3 LATE INTERMEDIATE
covery increased by 160% of exploring at depth Rabbit Lake, and McClean last two decades. of significant gold sketch map of the Arabian-Nubian
INTRODUCTION
gold equivalent in the FIGURE 1. Regional-scale Belt, after Johnson
Mann Lake ARGILLIC
terms and, in mature
exploration
barren cover rocks. pounds U3O8, margins and Mozambique are
Zon er

41.0, and 49.9 million and out- resources in both oro- terms of adjacent cratonic epithermal Au-Ag ores
e

magmatic smectIllitekaolchl
She in Riv

Historical gold occurrences

Nex-Gen
Australia, by Porphyry and related
Millennium Gryphon
as The exploration communi- developed.
jurisdictions such respectively) have been
Maverick
abound, there genic gold, including and Woldehaimanot (2003). ore deposits outside of fluids & relic feldspar
ar

the worlds most important

Centennial
cropping mineralization
Virg

2011). pounds
as much as 260% (Schodde, tys response to the challenge
Phoenix
While 75% of the discovered developed, to be extensive the emerging giant produce most of the
Patterson
N has been and continues iron and aluminum mines,
Lake
copper been to
Legend
Cu > 0.2wt% (MoAu)
In 1975, the world had of deep exploration has Potash and
Key Lake
been of Au
either are being or have
South
Mines
(probably several Sukari deposit in companies such as Allana the largest producers
61 years giant mining of alluvial gold massive sulfide Cu and Mo, and are
reserves equivalent to . . .percentage is skewed by theRiver, Mines at Colluli
Deposits/Prospects
(1) divert explo- to page 23this in Ethiopia (e.g., Egypt, and volcanogenic known for over a cen-
100
also by South Boulder
80
at its launch during
60

globally. It has been

40
distribution
20
Moz gold), particularly
0
this had coiled tubing drilling rig Additionally, giant and Ag porphyry Cu deposit showing contours of
of production; by 2000, FIGURE 1. DET CRCs ration effort to McArthur . . .that metals in porphyry Cu to page
kilometres

November 2013. (See

p. 24) deposits at Key Lake, (VMS) deposit styles. in Eritrea. Recently, Stra- to page 13tury cross section of a typical
the DET CRC Annual Conference, only 35% of the
110W
together with generalized been discovered 12 . . . FIGURE 1. a.) Vertical
and sulfide minerals. Also
shown are generalized
ide.edu.au and Cigar Lake; to date, mines and some deposits, potash deposits have tex and Thani Ashanti a central of hydrothermal alteration
deposits are zoned, with

cation that features a peer-reviewed

Basin, with locations of
il.com,

E-mail, david.giles@adela E-mails: di_groves@hotma of Ethiopia by in SWIR instruments.
the 2,200-nm peak measured

FIGURE 1. Athabasca in.edu.au in the Afar Depression
ailbox.ch, allan.trench@curt e-mail, rtosdal@gmail.com S
E-mails: williamkerr@neom geology. Corresponding author: See EG


roger.wallis@sympatico.ca 20
SEG 2014 CONFERENCE for p. 29 15
y det 4
Building Exploration Capabilit ails 0

for the 21st Century Discovery to Recovery Discovery to Recovery

article of topical interest to the eco-

World-Class Ore Deposits: World-Class Ore Deposits:
September 27-30, 2014 Ore Deposits: Discovery to Recovery
SEG 2015 September 2730, 2015
SEG 2015 September 2730, 2015
Keystone, Colorado, USA
Register SEG 2015 Conference World-Class Hobart, TAS, Australia Hobart, TAS, Australia
Now!
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www.seg2015.org www.seg2015.org www.seg2015.org
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