Pabustan, Kyle Austin O.

06/17/17
IT-32

Assignment #1
Oracle History

For more than three and a half decades, Oracle has been the leader in database
software. And as it has further developed technologies and acquired best-in-class
companies over the years, that leadership has expanded to the entire technology stack,
from servers and storage, to database and middleware, through applications and into
the cloud.

It all began when Larry Ellison saw an opportunity other companies missed: a
description of a working prototype for a relational database. No company had committed
to commercializing the technology, but Ellison and co-founders Bob Miner and Ed Oates
realized the tremendous business potential of the relational database model. None of
them realized at the time that the company they formed would change the face of
business computing.

Throughout its history Oracle has proved it can build for the future on the foundation of
its innovations and its knowledge of customer challenges and successes analyzed by the
best technical and business minds in the world.

What does Oracle have in store for tomorrow? We will continue to provide our customers
with hardware and software engineered to work togetherintegrated from disk to
applicationsthat meet their business needs and solve their business problems. And we
will continue to innovate and to lead the industry, while always making sure that we
focus on solving the problems of the customers who rely on our technology.

In 1978 SDL was renamed Relational Software Inc (RSI) to market their new
database.

1979 - Oracle release 2

The first commercial RDBMS was built using PDP-11 assembler language.
Although they created a commercial version of RDBMS in 1977, it wasn't available
for sale until 1979 with the launch of Oracle version 2. The company decided
against starting with version 1 because they were afraid that the term "version 1"
might be viewed negatively in the marketplace. USA Air Force and then CIA were
the first customers to use Oracle 2.

In 1982 there was another change of the company's name, from RSI to Oracle
Systems Corporation so as to match its popular database name. The current
company name comes from a CIA project that Larry Ellison had previously worked
on code named ?Oracle?.

1983 - Oracle release 3

The Oracle version 3 was developed in 1983. This version was assembled using C
programming language and could run in mainframes, minicomputers, and PCs - or
any hardware with a C compiler. It supported the execution of SQL statements and
transactions. This version also included new options of pre-join data to increase
Oracle optimization.

1984 - Oracle release 4

Despite the advances introduced in version 3, demand was so great that Oracle was
compelled to improve the software even further with the release of version 4 in
1984. Oracle version 4 included support for reading consistency, which made it
much faster than any previous version. Oracle version 4 also brought us the
introduction of the export/import utilities and the report writer, which allows one
the ability to create a report based on a query.

1985 - Oracle release 5

With the introduction of version 5 in 1985, Oracle addressed the increasing use of
the internet in business computing. This version was equipped with the capability
to connect clients? software through a network to a database server. The Clustering
Technology was introduced in this version as well and Oracle became the pioneer
using this new concept - which would later be known as Oracle Real Application
Cluster in version 9i. Oracle version 5 added some new security features such as
auditing, which would help determine who and when someone accessed the
database.

Oracle version 5.1 was launched in 1986 and allowed for supporting distributed
queries. Later that same year Oracle released SQL*Plus, a tool that offers ad hoc
data access and report writing. 1986 also brought the release of SQL*Forms, an
application generator and runtime system with facilities for simple application
deployment.

1988 - Oracle release 6

The PL/SQL language came with Oracle version 6 in 1988. This version provided a
host of new features including the support of OLTP high-speed systems, hot backup
capability and row level locking - which locks only the row or rows being used
during a writing operation, rather than locking an entire table. Prior to the hot
backup feature, database administrators were required to shutdown the database to
back it up. Once the hot backup feature was introduced, DBA's could do a backup
while the database was still online.

Oracle Parallel Server was introduced in Oracle version 6.2 and was used with DEC
VAX Cluster. This new feature provided high availability because more than one
node (server) could access the data in database. With the increased availability this
feature also accelerated the performance of the system that was sharing users?
connections between nodes.

1992 - Oracle release 7

1992 was a memorable year for Oracle. The company announced Oracle version 7,
which was the culmination of four years of hard work and two years of customer
testing before release to market. This version of Oracle provided a vast array of
new features and capabilities in areas such as security, administration,
development, and performance. Oracle 7 also addressed security concerns by
providing full control of who, when, and what users were doing in the database.
Version 7 also allowed us to monitor every command, the use of privileges and the
user's access to a particular item. With Oracle 7 users could use stored procedures
and had triggers to enforce business-rules. Roles were created at this version to
make the security maintenance easier for users and privileges. The two-phase
commit was added to support distributed transactions.

Oracle7 Release 7.1 introduced some good new capabilities for database
administrators, such as parallel recovery and read-only tablespaces. For the
application developments, Oracle inserted the dynamic SQL, user-defined SQL
functions and multiple same-type triggers. The first 64-bit DBMS was introduced
within this version as well as the VLM (Very Large Memory) option. The feature
Oracle Parallel Query could make some complex queries run 5 to 20 times faster.

In 1996 Oracle 7.3 was shipped, offering customers the ability to manage all kinds
of data types; including video, color images, sounds and spatial data. 1996 also
brought the release of Oracle's first biometric authentication for a commercially
available database. This technology could analyze human characteristics, both
physical and behavioral, for purposes of authentication.

1997 - Oracle release 8

The Oracle 8 Database was launched in 1997 and was designed to work with
Oracle's network computer (NC). This version supported Java, HTML and OLTP.

1998 - Oracle release 8i

Just one year later Oracle released Oracle 8i which was the first database to support
Web technologies such as Java and HTTP. In 2000 Oracle 8i Parallel Server was
working with Linux which eliminated costly downtime.

2001 - Oracle release 9i

Oracle Real Application Cluster came with Oracle 9i Database in 2001. This
feature provides software for clustering and high availability in Oracle database
environments. Supporting native XML was also a new feature of Oracle 9i and this
was the first relational database to have these characteristics. Version 9i release 2
enabled Oracle to integrate relational and multidimensional database. Despite the
fact that hard disks were becoming cheaper, data was increasing very quickly in
databases and Oracle 9i came with a special technology named table compression
that reduced the size of tables by 3 to 10 times and increased the
performance when accessing those tables.

2003 - Oracle release 10g

Although Oracle 9i had only been in the market for two years, Oracle launched
version 10g in 2003. The release of 10g brought us the introduction to Grid
Computing technology. Data centers could now share hardware resources, thus
lowering the cost of computing infrastructure. 10g was also the first Oracle version
to support 64-bit on Linux. With Oracle Database 10g and Real Application Cluster
it was now possible to move from very expensive SMP boxes and mainframes to an
infrastructure that relies on low costs such as UNIX or Windows servers, which
have high availability, scalability and performance.

Oracle has long strived to make their software products available through the
internet; but this effort was only enhanced with the creation of the 10g Express
Edition. With the introduction of the 10g Express Edition in 2005, Oracle gave
small business and startup corporations a viable option to integrate Oracle into the
workplace at no cost.

2007 - Oracle release 11g

The latest version of Oracle Database is 11g which was released on July 11th 2015.
This version introduced more features than any other in Oracle history. This
version includes:

Oracle Database Replay, a tool that captures SQL statements and lets you
replay them all in another database to test the changes before you actually
apply then on a production database;
Transaction Management using Log Miner and Flashback Data Archive to
get DML statements from redo log files;
Virtual Column Partitioning;
Case sensitive passwords;
Online Patching;
Parallel Backups on same file using RMAN and many others.

Oracle is known for growth and change, which is why it is important to continually
study its history and previous lessons learned while embracing new features and
functionality. Throughout its history Oracle has acquired Database and Software
Applications companies in order to provide more complete solutions to its
customers and increase the credibility of its products. Today Oracle has more than
320,000 customers and is present in 145 countries making it one of the elite
companies in its field.