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PIPING SYSTEMS
Polyurethane
insulation
-320F to 250F
-200C to 120C
Choice of jacket
materials
Materials
Service pipe: Steel, FRP, HDPE,
Ductile Iron, PVC
Insulation: Polyurethane, density, thickness
Insulation Jacket: FRP, PVC, HDPE
Steel Pipe
Advantages:
Durable and ideal for higher pressure applications
Welded construction- Contractors are familiar with steel
welding and layout techniques and procedures
Welded joint quality can be verified with a variety of NDE
methods (x-ray, ultrasonic, magnetic particle
Disadvantages:
OD Corrosion - must be installed dry and kept dry.
ID Corrosion - water must be treated
Relatively expensive
FRP Pipe
Advantages:
Non-corrosive in most environments
Light weight, easy to handle
Fitting pressure rating same as the straight pipe
Disadvantages:
Fieldjoints difficult to make in hot or cold
environments and for larger pipe sizes
Limited NDE methods to verify field joint quality
Expensive in larger pipe sizes
HDPE Pipe
Advantages:
Excellent ID/OD corrosion resistance
Relatively lower costs
Butt Fusion (done properly) can achieve the same rating
as the pipe
Lighter than steel but heavier than FRP
HDPE Pipe
Disadvantages:
Limited pressure ratings (SDR7 = 267 PSI, SDR9 =
200 PSI, SDR11 = 160 PSI, SDR17 = 100 PSI)
Large pipe sizes have very heavy wall thickness
24 inch SDR9 wall thickness = 2.67 inches.
Mitered fittings (elbows and tees) must be de-rated
from the straight pipe pressure rating (must use higher
SDR for fitting pipe)
Cold weld, bad joint preparation can cause joint failure
Limited NDE methods to verify field joint quality
Ductile Iron Pipe
Advantages:
Durable and suitable for higher pressure applications
Simple installation techniques and procedures
Restrained joints or thrust blocks
Relatively corrosion resistant
Disadvantages:
Gasketed bell & spigot joints can leak
(allowable leakage in AWWA standards)
Very heavy in larger pipe sizes, difficult to handle
Fairly expensive
PVC Pipe
Advantages:
Light weight and easy to handle
Simple installation techniques and procedures
Restrained joints or thrust blocks
Corrosion resistant
Disadvantages:
Gasketed bell & spigot joints can leak
(allowable leakage in AWWA standards)
Low strength and brittle in cold temperatures
Fairly expensive in large pipe sizes
FRP Jacket
Advantages:
High strength and impact resistance
Can be filament wound directly onto polyurethane
foam
Relatively high temperature
Disadvantages:
High Cost
PVC Jacket
Advantages:
Low cost
Disadvantages:
Low strength and impact resistance
Brittle at low installation temperatures
Can not be easily welded
HDPE Jacket
Advantages:
Combination of strength, flexibility and toughness
Can be butt fusion or extrusion welded
Can be extruded directly onto polyurethane foam
Fairly low cost
Disadvantages:
Difficult to bond to polyurethane foam
Relatively low temperature resistance
Polyurethane
An Engineered Material
0.24
Thermal Conductivity (BTU-in/hr-ft2-oF)
0.20
0.16
0.12
0 2 4 6 8 10
Density (lbs/ft3)
Thermal
Conductivity
vs.
Temperature
Polyurethane Compressive Strength
Insulation Minimum Compressive Strength
(psi) (kPa)
2 lb./ft3 32 Kg./m3 30 207
polyurethane
4 lb./ft.3 64 Kg./m3 60 414
polyurethane
6 lb./ft.3 96 Kg./m3 90 620
polyurethane
Cellular glass 87 600
Compressive Strength vs. Density
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AT 10% DEFLECTION (PS
200
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
Uppe r Ra nge of
Compre ssive Stre ngth
30
20
Low e r Ra nge of
Compre ssive Stre ngth
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
K Value
CFC R-11 (Freon) No longer used .061
HCFC R-141b No longer used .069
HFC 245fa Used in USA .085
HFC 365mfc Used in Europe .074
Cyclopentane Used in USA and Europe .083
CO2 (Water blown Foam) .110
Air (Not a blowing agent) .186
Factory Pre-insulated Piping
Manufactured under factory controlled conditions
with process and product control
High quality, seamless insulation and jacket
Insulation bonded to service pipe and jacket
Economical insulation and jacket system
Quality Assurance Considerations
Certified mill test reports for pressure pipe and pipe fittings for
mechanical and physical properties
In Processing Insulation Testing
Thermal conductivity
Compressive strength
Density
Elongation
Hardness