Centrifugal Pumps - Pumps - Machines - Fluid Mechanics - Engineering R... http://www.codecogs.com/library/engineering/fluid_mechanics/machines...

Velocity triangles, Manometric Head and Efficiency

Contents
Introduction
1. Introduction
These can be regarded as the inverse of a reaction turbine in that they convert mechanical energy into a head of liquid. The 2. Recuperators
flow is always outwards (Except for propeller pumps) and the pump must run full. This means that before use they need to be 3. Velocity Triangles
filled with liquid ("primed"). The suction lift is limited to avoid cavitation. 4. The Efficiency Of Centrifugal

The centrifugal pump is inherently less efficient than a turbine because of smaller losses when converting pressure energy to Pumps

kinetic energy than visa versa. 5. Page Comments

The rotating impeller creates a forced vortex in the passages of the pump and the efficiency depends largely upon the extent to
which the high velocity head is converted to pressure head.

Please Note that this page has been edited and extra worked examples added. The new page is shown under the
heading"Single Stage Centrifugal Pumps"

Recuperators

Vortex Chamber
The gradual increase of area decreases the velocity of flow and
increases the pressure. The losses are high due to eddy currents
caused by the radial component of flow from the impeller. There
is also an out of balance radial thrust.

Parallel Vortex Chamber

A free
spiral
vortex is
formed
in the
parallel
vortex

chamber. which helps to steady the flow before discharging into the spiral vortex.

Diffuser Also Known As A Turbine Pump

This diffuser consists of a fixed ring of guide vanes surrounding
the impeller. The pump's velocity energy is converted into
pressure energy in the diffuser which discharges into the volute.

The inlet angle of the guide vanes equals the outlet absolute
velocity angle of the impeller.

Velocity Triangles
These are
similar to
those
produced
for turbines
but the
flow is now
outwards.

a. It is

usual to assume that water enters the impeller radially. i.e.

without whirl. Thus
b. the diffuser vane angle. (if any)

c.
1 of 1 6/30/17, 7:55 PM