Basic Workshop

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Measuring Instruments

Measuring
Instruments

Indirect measuring Direct measuring

devices devices
Caliper Vernier Caliper
Radius Gauge Micrometer
Plug Gauge Vernier Bevel Protractor

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Vernier Caliper ( )( +,-

A measuring tool for taking inside and outside measurements

Measuring Range
0 100, 0 125, 0 150, 0 200, ..

Sensitivity
0.1, 0.05, 0.02 mm

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

1) Outside jaws: used to measure external length

2) Inside jaws: used to measure internal length
3) Depth probe: used to measure depth
4) Main scale (cm)
5) Main scale (inch)
6) Vernier (cm)
7) Vernier (inch)
8) Retainer: used to block/release movable part
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh
 Direct Measuring Devices

Reading the Vernier Scale

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Reading the Vernier Scale

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Reading the Vernier Scale

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Reading the Vernier Scale

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Vernier
inside Vernier
gauge Depth
gauge

Vernier
outside Range 0 100, 0 125, 0 - 200mm
gauge Sensitivity 0.1, 0.05, 0.02 mm

Vernier long
outside gauge

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Vernier Height gauge

Range 0 300, 0 500 mm

Sensitivity 0.1, 0.05, 0.02 mm

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Examples

34 + 0.60 = 34.6 mm

37 + 0.46 = 37.46 mm

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Micrometer GH+GJ K

A tool for taking outside, inside, and height measurements.

Measuring Range
0 25, 25 50, 50 75, ..
Sensitivity
0.01 mm

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Reading the Micrometer

The rim of the thimble is divided into 50 parts, which gives a reading of
0.01 mm. the barrel is marked in millimetres and mm divisions, so
that when we take a reading we add the number of hundredth indicated
on the thimble to the millimetres and mm uncovered on the barrel.

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Reading the Micrometer

A = 7.00 mm
B = 0 mm
C = 38 x 0.01 = 0.38 mm
A + B + C = 7.0 + 0 + 0.38
= 7.38 mm

A = 7.00 mm
B = 0.5 mm
C = 22 x 0.01 = 0.22 mm
A + B + C = 7.00 + 0.50 + 0.22
= 7.72 mm

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Types of Micrometers

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Types of Micrometers

Micrometers with prismatic measuring faces

Measure test pieces with an uneven number

of grooves such as milling cutters, taps, and
drills as well as odd polygons

Micrometers with Small Measuring Faces

For measuring grooves, feather grooves, splines

and other difficult to reach measuring points

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Types of Micrometers
Micrometers with two spherical measuring faces

Rounded measuring faces for

measuring concave surfaces

Micrometers for gear pitch measurement

Flanges with ring-shaped measuring faces

for root tangent lengths on gear pitches,
distance between grooves and slots.

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Types of Micrometers

Micrometers for Thread Measurement

Used for pitch diameter inspection-Anvil

with adjustable holder for mounting a
measuring insert with prismatic faces .

Depth Micrometers

With interchangeable measuring rods provided in

sets. The rods are adjusted in steps, each with a step
length of 30 or 25 mm.
Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh
 Direct Measuring Devices

Exercises

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Exercises

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Angles Measurements

A tool used to measure angles.

The sliding blade is connected to a Vernier scale,
The main scale is divided up into degrees from 0 to 90 each way.
Range 4 0 - 90.
Degree () = 60 min (60)
Sensitivity = 5 min Minute (`) = 60 second (60)
Degree () = 3600 second (60)

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Angles Measurements
Plate Protractor (P QR ( S-TK

Combination Squares (+ U ( V WK ( S-TK

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Angles Measurements

Vernier Bevel Protractor ( )( S-TK

A tool used to measure angles. The sliding blade is connected to a Vernier
scale, the main scale is divided up into degrees from 0 to 90 each way.
Range 4 0 -90.
Sensitivity 5 (minutes)
= 1/12 60
= 5 minutes

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Angles Measurements

Vernier Bevel Protractor ( )( S-TK

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Angles Measurements

Reading the Bevel Protractor

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Angles Measurements

Vernier Bevel Protractor ( )( S-TK

Exercise

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Angles Measurements

Vernier Bevel Protractor ( )( S-TK

Exercise

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Direct Measuring Devices

Angles Measurements

Vernier Bevel Protractor ( )( S-TK

Exercise

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Indirect Measuring Devices

Try Square
Care should be taken to ensure that its blade
is perpendicular to the surface being tested.

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Indirect Measuring Devices

Try Square

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Indirect Measuring Devices

Inside and outside caliper

A tool used in measuring inside and outside diameters. When the tool has
been adjusted, the diameter may be read from a rule or Vernier caliper.

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Indirect Measuring Devices

Plug thread gauge

A tool used for testing the accuracy of holes. Plug gauges are usually made
double-ended for checking two dimensions.

Radius gauge
A tool used for testing concave and convex corners.

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Indirect Measuring Devices

Telescoping Gauges

Used to measure inside cylinders.

Allow T gauge to extend to inside opening
Lock shaft
Measure with micrometer

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Indirect Measuring Devices

Feeler Gauge Wire Gauge

A tool used for testing the space between two surfaces

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Indirect Measuring Devices
36

Dial Indicators
The dial indicators or dial gauges are generally used for testing flatness of surfaces
and parallelism of bars and rods. They are also used for testing the machine tools.

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Measuring Devices
37

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Specifications and Standardization

The primary aim of modem manufacturing is to produce

product of high quality. In producing high quality products,
all components must be manufactured in accordance with
the specifications

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Specifications and Standardization

Specifications
Specifications used in manufacturing include:
Size,
Location,
Surface finish,
Material.. etc.

If the product is used as a component in other products or by various manufacturers, the

specifications become a standard for that particular item.

For example, a bolt can be manufactured having any number of threads, diameters and
pitches. If a bolts specifications meet their particular needs, other manufacturers may
want to produce it. In order for the bolt to be interchangeable with a nut, the thread sizes
must be compatible. Hence, this particular thread specification becomes standardized
throughout the industry

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Specifications and Standardization

Standardization

Standardization is the act of conforming to standard, which is established by authority as"

a fixed rule or measure. Standards are established in the fields of products, materials,
processes, equipment and procedures by National and International Organization such as:
International Standards Organization (ISO).
British Standards Organization (BSO).
German Industria1 Standard (DIN).
American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

In modem industry it is essential to follow some code of standards in order to ensure the
ability to interchange products between different manufacturers on the one hand, and
between different countries on the other

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Dimensions and Tolerances

An engineering drawing of a manufactured part is intended to convey information

from the manufacturer and inspector. It must contain all information necessary for
the part to be correctly manufactured.
It must enable the inspector to make a precise determination of whether or not the
parts are acceptable. Drawings must convey three essential types of information:
The materials to be used.
The dimensions of the part.
The shape of the part

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Dimensions and Tolerances

It is difficult to produce any part to an exact dimension. For example it is very

difficult to produce bars having a length of exactly 80 mm. Small variations in
length must take place even on the most accurate machines. Thus we specify
tolerances on the dimension of the part, say 800.1mm. Thus all bars longer
than 79.99 mm and shorter than 80.01mm are acceptable

Tolerance 0.1
Tolerance 10 +0.1 2 Holes
-0 Tolerance 0.6
The tolerance on a dimension is the total
permissible variation in its size, which is
equal to the difference between the limits 20.0
of size 19.4

40
0.2
Tolerance 0.4

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Dimensions and Tolerances

Limits of Size
The limits of size, often referred to as the limits, are the maximum and minimum
permissible sizes for a specific dimension

Limits of size
High limit placed
above low limit

20.0
19.4

40
0.2
Limits are 40.2 and 39.8

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh

 Dimensions and Tolerances

Allowance
An allowance is a prescribed difference between the maximum size of an external feature
and the minimum size of a mating internal feature. It is therefore the minimum clearance
or the maximum interference which exists between such features when they are assembled

Dr. Abdel-Wahab El-Morsy Faculty of Engineering - Rabigh